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The  gentleman 's  magazine 


John  Nichols 


INDIANA 
UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARY 


■ 

■ 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S 

MAGAZINE. 

By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 

VOLUME  IV.  \  ^ 

NEW  SERIES. 


MDCCCXXXV. 

JULY  to  DECEMBER 

INCLUSIVE.  f 

V    )  'J  8 


LONDON : 
WILLIAM  PICKERING} 
JOHN  BOWYER  NICHOLS  AND  SON. 

1835. 


LIST  OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUMK. 

— ■■ 

Tho»e  marked  thus  •  ire  Vignette*,  printed  whh  the  later- pre*,. 

Altar  Window  at  St.  Duns  tan's  in  the  West,  London    Frontispiece. 

•View  of  the  Mansion  at  Puncknowle,  Dorset ;  with  the  Representation  p«|e. 

of  an  ancient  Head  in  panel   38 

•Ancient  Cross  in  Puncknowle  Church  yard    39 

Imperial  Greek  Coins  hitherto  unpublished— Antoninus  ;   Plautilla  ; 

Lucius  Verus  ;  Septimus  Severus    129 

Plan  of  the  Close  of  Old  Sarum ;  and  of  the  Cathedral  as  restored  by 

Hatcher   143 

•Bird's  eye  view  of  the  Ground-plan  of  Old  Sarum  Cathedral   144 

Ruins  of  St.  Stephen's  Chanel,  Westminster   252 

Kingston  Seymour  Manor-House,  Somerset   370 

Sepulchral  Inscription  of  llbert  de  Chaz,  at  Lacock  Abbey,  Wilts   377 

View  of  the  Chapter- House  at  Bocherville,  Normandy   473 

Specimens  of  Architectural  Sculpture  at  Bocherville    474 

•Representation  of  the  Holy  Hand  of  St.  Patrick   585 

Ancient  House  at  Ightham,  Kent   587 

•Seals  and  Autograph  of  Dr.  Donne   623 


'  IMDIAJNA  UIi  i  VftiXvS  1 TY  LIB?-  )  * 


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PREFACE. 

- 


WE  trust  that  we  may  infer  the  satisfaction  of  our  readers 
in  conduct  of  tne  Gentleman's  Magazine,  from  the 
continued  patronage  which  they  afford  it.  Having  arranged, 
when  we  commenced  the  New  Series,  the  plan  which  we  con- 
sidered most  suitable  for  the  undertaking,  and  subsequently 

•ri*Wr*9g-*ecn  110  reason  to  depart  from  it,  our  endeavour  has  been 

'  to  render  the  execution  as  perfect  as  we  could. 

In  the  branch  connected  with  Antiquities,  many  subjects  of 

t  local  and  general  interest  will  be  found :  and  we  speak  with 
confidence  of  the  satisfaction  which  the  review  of  the  works  of 
the  New  Record  Commission  has  given,  and  the  interest  it  has 
excited. 

■ 

In  the  department  which  includes  the  Review  of  Nevj  Publi- 
cations, our  endeavour  has  been  to  judge  of  the  works  submitted 
to  us,  carefully  and  impartially ;  we  have  recommended  no  one  to 
public  notice  without  mentioning  the  grounds  of  our  approbation ; 
nor  have  we  ever  censured  any  publication  without  declaring  the 
circumstances  that  called  for  animadversion.  Sometimes  our 
Reviews  are  later  than  we  could  wish ;  but  authors  must  recollect, 
ammo  cupienti  nihil  satis  festinari.  Sometimes  we  are  obliged  to 
present  them  in  a  very  abridged  form ;  but  as  long  as  the  Press 
is  as  prolific  as  at  present,  we  can  only  meet  its  demands,  by 
affording  less  space  to  each  writer.  It  requires  very  superior 
powers  in  the  present  day,  for  an  author  to  rise  at  once  above 
his  competitors,  and,  in  the  general  cultivation  of  intellect  and 


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V 


P  11  E  P  A  C  E. 


diffusion  of  literature,  to  bear  away  the  palm  of  undisputed 
excellence  ;  when  such  superior  works  appear,  they  receive  from 
us,  as  may  be  seen,  an  atteution  proportioned  to  their  eminence. 

On  subjects  connected  with  the  Established-  Churchy  we  have 
spoken  openly,  but  we  believe  reasonably  and  temperately ;  and 
the  same  disposition  shall  continue  to  advocate  her  rights,  defend 
her  character,  and  promote  all  due  amendment  of  her  defects. 

The  latter  part  of  our  Magazine  has  always  been  appropriated 
to  the  Obituary ;  a  part  that  has  been  much  esteemed  by  the 
public,  and  much  consulted  by  literary  persons:  we  can. assert 
that  the  materials  are  collected  with  labour  and  investigation,  and 
that  they  are  arranged  after  very  careful  examination. 

But  if  in  any  department  of  our  Magazine  occasional  mistakes 
or  defects  may  be  found,  we  are  confident  that  a  candid  reader 
will  attribute  them  not  to  the  negligence  of  the  contributors,  but 
to  the  very  nature  of  the  publication,  which  cannot,  like  a  com- 
mon book,  be  laid  aside  and  revised  at  leisure.  Our  appeal  on 
this  subject,  shall  be  in  the  words  of  the  Roman  Poet : 

'  Da  veniam  subitis ;  et  dum  legis  ista,  memento  • 
Me  dare  non  librum,  sed  Schediamna  tibi.' 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

JULY,  1835. 


Bv  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Mixom  CoBEEsppypBycK   g 

Sketch  of  the  History  of  Medicine,  by  Dr.  Bostock   3 

Architectural  Antiquities  of  Normandy   18 

QiKsTioxF.s  VEXFsix.f.,  No.  V. — Emendation  of  Horace   21 

Portraits  on  the  Coins  of  the  Caesars   22 

Notices  of  the  Hon.  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners   24 

Mr  Kcmble  on  Anglo-Saxon  Accents  .   26 

Monument  proposed  in  honour  of  Wiclif   30 

Ancient  Book  of  Medical  Recipes  ,   31 

Altar  Window  of  St.  Dunstan's  in  the  West,  London   36 

Mansion  at  Puncknowle,  Dorset   38 

Second  Commandment  altered  by  Roman  Catholics   40 

^  erses  on  the  division  of  the  Lawyer's  Day   ib. 

RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. — Lord  Falkland's  Poems   42 

Blount's  Ancient  Tenures   48 

REV1EWT  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

Kl"^  Aged's  Version  of  Bo^thius,  49.— Translations  of  Camofna'  Luciad,  51. 
*VddeU's  ke?al  "»d  Historical  Tracts,  5.1.— Illustrations  of  Moore's  Irish 
Melodies,  o  7.— Martin's  History  of 'British  Colonics,  GO.— Greenwood's 
Picture  of  Hull,  01 .— Williams's  Life  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  62.— Annals 
oi  Lacock  Abbey,  by  Howies  and  Nichols,  6:1. — The  Knight  and  Enchan- 
lle*s,.ky  Lady  K.  S.  Wortley,  65. — Suggestions  on  the  Economy  of  the 

British  Army,  t3 7 .— Meadow-, '3  Italian  Dictionary   68 

'        Miscellaneous  Reviews  68-71 

— Etchings  by  Rembrandt — Review  of  New  Publications,   72 

Exhibitions  now  on  view— The  Diorama—  Panorama  nf  Thebes  .  r   74 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  73. — Colburn's  Modern  Novelists,  75  Learned  Societies, 

74.---Monument  of  Shakspcare,  76.  —  Newly  invented  Composition 
Stone,  77. — New  Houses  of  Parliament   78 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. — Society  of  Antiquaries,  &c   7K 

Archaeological  and  Topographical  Institution   HO 

HISTORICAL  CHRONI  CLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  81.  —  Foreign 
News,  83. — Domestic  Occurrences,  85. — Promotions,  Preferments,  &c.  87. 
—Marriages   B8 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Earl  of  Devon  ;  Adm.  Hon.  Sir  A.  K.  Legge, 
K.L.B.  ;  Major-Gen  .Sir  J.  CampbeU,  K.C.B.  ;  Capt.  Sir  C.  M.  Schotn- 
berg,  K.L'.H.  ; I  Capt.  W.  Kempthorne,  R.N.;  Mrs.  Cook;  Edward  Roberts, 
Esq.  ;  Mrs.  Olivia  Semis;  Mrs,  Hemans;  George  Pinckard,  M.D.  ; 
Richard  Sharp,  Esq.;  Sir  George  Tuthill,  M.D.  ;  William  Blanchard   D7 

Clergy  Deceased,  97. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties   99 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets— Prices  of  Shares,  103— Meteorological  Diary — Stocks  104 

Embellished  with  a  coloured  Engraving  of  the  Altar  Window  at  St.  Dunstan's  in 
the  West;  a  View  of  the  Mansion  at  Pcncknowlr,  Dorset,  &c. 


2 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  cannot  afford  to  insert,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  more  important  matter,  the  reply 
of  Lancastribnbis  to  the  strictures  of 
M.  D.  on  Bain es' s  History  of  Lancashire. 
We  have  read  over  his  letter  attentively  ; 
and  do  not  find  that  he  is  able  to  deny  the 
inaccuracies  pointed  out  by  M.D.,  stating 
only  that  this  censure  is  trifling,  that  un- 
fair ;  some  passages  are  not  fully  quoted, 
and  the  deficiencies  of  others  will  be  sup- 
plied in  other  parts  of  the  work.  The 
only  two  points  he  notices  of  the  least 
public  value,  are,  that  "  Bredmed " 
(Brightmet)  occurs  as  a  place  of  moor- 
land in  the  Survey  of  the  manor  of  Man- 
chester, 16  Edw.  II.  (MS.  Harl.  2085) 
and  that  the  M8S.  of  Mr.  D.  Rasbotham 
furnish  the  authority  for  Mr.  Barnes's 
statement  that  the  dissenters  assembled 
at  Winter  Hill. — We  are  desired  by  M.  D. 
himself  to  make  these  corrections  to  his 
letter.  The  sentence  in  p.  595  about 
Farnworth  church  should  be  withdrawn. 
In  p.  599,  a.  16,  for  Dr.  Whitaker  read 
Mr.  Whitaker;  and  in  line  41,  after  the 
28th  read  Sept.  In  p.  595,  b.  10,  for 
p.  66  read  p.  46;  b.  16",  for  p.  40  read 
p.  46  ;  and  b.  22,  for  p.  54  read  p.  45. 
In  p.  598,  a.  16  from  bottom,  for  p.  29 
read  p.  89. 

The  Ode  to  Greece,  and  the  poetry  sent 
by  H.  and  M.  B.  S.  are  declined. 

We  do  not  recollect  the  communication 
of  the  Churchman  who  has  fined  us  with 
a  heavy  jk>  stage. 

The  articles  on  Archery  by  F.  O.  and 
X.  Y.  in  the  course  of  the  season. 

Fcederariub  inquires  if  any  collector 
of  Literary  Prospectuses  can  inform  him 
of  a  Prospectus  of  Rymer's  Feed  era. 
The  first  volume  of  that  work  came  out 
in  1704,  but  an  ample  announcement  of  it 
appears  at  the  end  of  the  preface  of  the 
Mantissa  Codicis  Juris  Gentium  Diplo- 
matic*, published  by  G.  G.  Leibnitz  in 
16*93,  which  leads  to  the  supposition  that 
a  Prospectus  was  printed  and  circulated 
abroad  long  before  any  part  of  the  Fcedera 
was  published.  To  that  author's  notice 
of  the  intended  work  is  added  a  descrip- 
tive title,  which  is  prolix  and  very  curious, 
and  is  said  to  be  larger  than  what  had 
been  before  made  known  to  the  world ; 
qualis  autoris  missu  ad  no*  pervenit.  Any 
new  particulars  respecting  Rymer  will  be 
very  acceptable. 

J.  S.  is  informed  that  the  medal  which 
Pinkerton  attributed  to  44  Jehan  Strange- 
waves,  Etfcuier,"  appears  from  the  Me- 
daflic  History  of  England,  4to,  1802, 
pi.  III.  to  be  the  same  with  a  silver  coun- 
ter struck  in  Normandy  in  the  reign  of 


Henry  VI.  the  field  of  which  is  on  one 
side  divided  by  cross  bars  into  four  quar- 
ters, each  of  which  contains  a  dolphin 
em  bo  wed,  and  in  the  centre  is  this  shield  of 
arms : — a  bend,  and  on  a  canton  a  mullet ; 
legend  -f-  jkhan  stanlawk  escvikr  ; 
on  the  reverse,  two  shields  of  the  arms  of 
Prance  and  of  France  and  England  quar- 
terly, each  under  a  crown,  legend  -|-  trb- 
sorier  or  normendie.  The  similarity 
of  the  above  coat  of  the  bend,  canton, 
and  mullet  to  others  belonging  to  the 
names  of  8tanlow  and  Stanley,  shows  that 
the  connection  of  the  name  of  Strange- 
ways  with  this  medal  has  arisen  entirely 
from  a  misreading  or  misapprehension. 

R.  H.  begs  to  ask  if  any  of  the  readers 
of  your  Magazine  can  inform  him  whether 
there  are  in  existence  descendants  of  its 
original  publisher,  Mr.  Cave,  or  in  whose 
possession  the  papers  of  that  worthy  man 
aniA  zealous  friend  of  literature  now  are. 
He  will  feel  exceedingly  obliged  for  auy 
information  on  this  subject  sent  to  him  at 
the  office  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 
He  wishes  further  to  inquire  of  those  who 
possess  information  concerning  the  wor- 
thies of  this  city  in  the  last  age,  whether 
they  can  afford  him  any  particulars  con- 
cerning that  ingenious  and  remarkable 
man  Lewis  Paul,  the  patentee  of  spinning 
by  rollers  in  1738  and  1758,  and  of  the 
carding  cylinder  in  1748,  in  addition  to 
that  given  in  Mr.  Edward  Baines's  44  His- 
tory of  the  Cotton  Manufacture"  lately 
published.  Paul  appears,  from  the  entry 
of  his  patents,  to  have  lived  at  Binning, 
ham  in  1738  and  1748,  and  at  Kensing- 
ton Gravel  Pits  in  1758;  and  he  calls 
himself  44  gentleman."  He  was  a  most 
ingenious  and  enterprising  man,  but,  like 
the  greater  number  of  inventors,  he  de- 
rived little  benefit  from  his  inventions. 
Any  particulars  of  his  life,  where  he  died, 
and  whether  he  left  descendants  or  papers, 
would  be  exceedingly  acceptable,  and 
would  help  to  clear  up  a  disputed  point  of 
much  interest  in  the  history  of  mechani- 
cal science  and  the  useful  arts. 

Aktiqcarics  inquires  for  any  notices 
relating  to  the  pedigrees  of  Burton  of 
Ingerthorpe,  Ward  of  Newby,  and  Pigot 
of  Clotherholme,  all  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood  of  Ripon  ;  they  were,  he 
believes,  all  extinct  or  removed  before  the 
first  Visitation  of  Yorkshire  was  taken. 

W.  H.  inquires  who  was  the  Judge  or 
Serjeant -at- Law  who  adopted  the  motto, 
44  Vim  Temperatam"  on  his  ring,  about 
the  year  177  9  or  80.  Was  it  Thurlow, 
Wcdderburne,  or  Jack  Lee  ? 

- 


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THE 

G  ENTLEMANS  MAGAZINE. 


SKETCH  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MEDICINE, 

FBOM  ITS  ORIGIN  TO  THE  COMMENCEMENT  OP  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

BY  8.  BOSTOCK,  M.O.     1835,  8VO. 

The  origin  of  the  science  of  Medicine,  like  the  origin  of  almost  all 
other  sciences,  is  lost  in  the  darkness  of  remote  antiquity.    As  disease 
commenced  with  the  gift  of  life,  so  the  means  of  removing  or  alleviating  it 
most  have  been  among  the  earliest  efforts  of  those  who  felt,  when  they 
first  drew  vital  air,  the  weakness  and  tenderness  of  humanity.    The  slow 
progress  of  their  early  inventions,  and  the  limited  nature  of  their  resources 
and  remedies,  we  may,  without  being  wide  of  our  aim,  conjecture  j  from 
what  we  discover  among  the  vagrant  tribes  of  the  desert,  the  remote  dwellers 
in  the  ocean-isles,  and  all  the  uncivilized  people  of  the  globe.    The  art  of 
Medicine  probably  commenced  with  the  accidental  discovery  of  the  virtues 
of  plants ;  and  a  decoction  of  vegetable  substances  was  taken  internally, 
or  applied  to  the  surface  of  the  body,  as  the  nature  of  the  disease  sug- 
gested.   A  lacerated  limb  from  a  contest  with  f'a  lion  or  a  bear"  who 
had  attacked  the  fold ;  a  kick  from  a  Centaur  who  was  opposed  in  forcibly 
carrying  away  the  most  beautiful  damsel  of  tbe  village ;  or  a  fall  from  the 
bac  k  of  that  venerable  and  primaeval  animal,  who  from  time  immemorial 
has  been  the  patient  servant  and  the  humble  friend  of  man  5 — such  wounds 
called  for  some  chirurgic  aid  ;  and  after  much  thought,  and  many  a  bold 
hypothesis,  and  extensive  inquiry,  and  repeated  consultations,  it  was  re- 
solved to  try  the  effect  of  binding  and  bandaging  the  wounds  with  vege- 
tables of  balsamic  properties,  and  excluding  the  external  air.  Sometimes 
a  bolder  practitioner  would  recommend  the  patient  to  be  wrapt  in  the  hot 
skin  of  the  offending  animal  j  or  to  have  the  oxy dated  metal  of  the  spear 
scraped  over  the  wound,  as  an  antidote  to  the  effects  of  its  destructive 
fang:*  or  when  a  chieftain,  who  went  out  to  battle  in  the  moruing,  Diis 
similis,  came  back  with  a  headache  from,  the  effects  of  a  hot  and  dusty 
campaign,  and  the  weight  of  his  sevenfold  shield  ;  and  when  a  capacious 
bowl  of  strong  dark  wine,  frequently  filled  and  emptied,  was  found  to  dis- 
appoint the  well-founded  hopes  of  the  suffering  giant,  the  Briseis  of  the 
tent,  with  her  handmaids,  was  sent  to  herbalize  on  the  banks  of  the  river 


•  There  is  no  mention  of  poisoned  weapons  in  the  Iliad ;  but  in  the  Odyssey,*  lib.  i. 

For  thither  also  had  Ulysses  gone 

la  bis  swift  bark,  seeking  some  poisonous  drug 

Wherewith  to  taint  his  brazen  arrows  keen, 
Which  drug,  through  fear  of  the  eternal  gods, 
Has  refused,  &c. 

From  many  circumstances  the  Odyssey  appears  to  be  a  poem  of  later  date  than  the 
Iliad  That  part  of  the  last  book,  subsequent  to  the  meeting  of  Laertes  and  Ulysses, 
wtms  different  in  style  of  expression  and  thought  from  the  rest,  and  added  by  one 
who  belonged  to  another  age. 


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4  t)r.  Bostock's  History  of  Medicine.  [July, 

for  some  fresh  and  cooling  diaphoretic.  A  few  trifling  mistakes  might  be 
made  and  overlooked,  and  when  some  obstinate  and  clumsy  leech  sacrificed 
to  his  ignorance  the  flower  of  an  array  or  a  court,  and 

UoXkas  h'  ttydifiovs  &'ibi  irpoiaxpey 

his  blunder  was  laid  on  the  shoulders  of  remorseless  Pluto  and  the  inex- 
orable Fates  :  but  in  this  manner  a  few  simple  remedies  were  discovered, 
perpetuated  and  improved,  and  the  loss  of  eyes,  fingers,  and  other  small 
servants  of  that  prince  the  Body,  was  submitted  to  with  a  good  grace ;  just 
as  our  friends  the  Americans  are  contented  to  enjoy  the  beauties  of  their 
transatlantic  ladies,  without  the  unnecessary  ornament  of  teeth.  During 
this  period  we  may  presume  that  the  gentlemen  of  the  Old  World  were 
much  engaged  in  cultivating  their  farms,  or  drilling  their  militia,  or  hunt- 
ing tawny  lions ;  and  the  art  of  Medicine  consequently  fell  into  female 
hands,  as  among  the  wild  Indians  of  the  present  day,  the  squaws  perform 
all  the  offices,  and  practise  all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art:  and  cer- 
tainly they  seem  to  have  attained  to  no  despicable  knowledge  of  the  virtue 
of  herbs  ;  and  can  brew  a  caldron  of  enchantment,*  as  powerful  as  even 
the  fair  daughter  of  Jove  possessed. 

A  drug  most  potent  to  suppress  or  grief 

Or  anger,  and  oblivion  to  induce 

Of  all  past  evil.    Whosoe'er  bis  wine 

So  medicated  drinks,  be  will  not  bathe 

His  cbeek  all  day  with  trickling  tears,  although 

His  father  and  his  mother  both  were  dead. 

But  passing  over  this  first  stage  of  the  art,  we  are  informed,  on  the  best 
authority,  that  Egypt  was  the  country  in  which  Medicine  was  cultivated 
with  such  success  as  to  have  afforded  a  subject  for  a  distinct  profession. 
The  Pharaohs  were  priests,  as  well  as  kings ;  the  sacred  fillet  of  the  sacer- 
dotal dignity  was  interwoven  with  the  crown ;  and  leech-craft  probably 
was  in  the  hands  of  the  servants  of  I  sis,  who  were  in  exclusive  possession 
of  a  knowledge,  which  they  had  gained  at  the  expense  of  some  thousands 
of  premature  departures  to  Hades.  The  great  high-priest  of  On  was 
probably  head-barber-surgeon  to  the  monarch  and  his  imperial  consort, 
under  whom  a  band  of  well-instructed  tonsores  medici  were  duly  licensed 
to  practise  in  Memphis,  Thebes,  and  the  surrounding  cities.  Homer  in- 
forms us,  that  Egypt,  more  than  any  other  country,  possessed  herbs  of  the 
most  powerful  virtues,  and  also  more  skilful  physicians  to  administer  them. 


For  Egypt  teems 


With  drugs  of  various  powers  ;  salubrious  some, 
With  wine  received,  and  some  of  deadliest  kind. 
Nor  dwells  on  earth  a  race  that  may  pretend 
In  healing  arts  equality  with  them, 
For  they  are  genuine  sons  of  Paeon  all. 

How  much  of  their  success  was  owing  to  magical  incantation,  and  the 
early  arts  of  empiricism,  we  cannot  say ;  but  from  what  we  read  in  the 

•  In  the  Odyssey,  book  xix,  the  wound  of  Ulysses  is  cured  by  enchantment : 

Around  Ulysses  his  companions  throng'd, 
.  With  dext'rous  promptitude  his  wound  they  bound, 
With  chanted  charm*  restrained  the  sable  blood,  itc. 


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1835.]  Dr.  Bostock's  History  of  Medicine.  b 

book  of  Exodus,  we  may  presume  that  they  were  no  mean  proficients  in 
deluding  the  senses  j  and  probably  had  their  metallic  tractors,  their  taran- 
tula dances,  their  animal  magnetism  and  their  touching  for  evil,  in  as 
much  repute  as  the  moderns. 

Herodotus  observes  that  each  disease  had  its  peculiar  class  of  prac- 
titioners, as  dentists,*  aurists,  chiropodists,  doctors  in  gout,  and  doctors  in 
calculous  disease,  and  doctors  in  cutaneous  eruptions ;  the  Scudamores, 
and  Batemans,  and  Curtis' 8  of  the  children  of  Cush ;  and  that  these  sepa- 
rate occupations  were  transmitted  from  father  to  son,  as  they  are  in  Persia, 
and  in  other  parts  of  the  East  $  so  that  we  may  presume  that  any  travel- 
ling gentleman  who  has  accidently  found  himself  ia  Persia,  and  thereby 
acquired  a  title  to  the  Travellers'  Club ;  and  who  has  had  the  pleasure  of 
being  bled,  bathed,  kneaded,  and  trimmed  by  the  professors  at  Ispahan  or 
Tabriz,  may  form  a  not  inaccurate  notion  of  their  learned  predecessors 
under  the  dynasty  of  Osymandyas.  Of  their  profound  knowledge  of 
anatomy  we  have  an  indisputable  proof :— one  of  their  observations  is,  that 
there  is  a  particular  nerve  that  goes  from  the  heart  to  the  little  linger  of 
the  left  hand  :  for  which  reason,  the  Egyptians  always  wore  riogs  on  that 
finger,  and  dipped  it  in  perfumed  ointment.  The  other  is,  that  it  is  impos- 
sible a  man  can  live  more  than  a  hundred  years,  because  there  is  a  con- 
stant increase  and  diminution  of  the  hearts  of  all  sound  persons,  whereby 
their  age  can  be  judged.  The  heart  of  an  infant  weighed  ten  drachms,  this 
weight  increased  annually  by  two  drachms  a  year,  till  they  came  to  the 
age  of  fifty :  from  which  time  it  gradually  decreased  till  they  came  to  an 
hundred ;  when  for  want  of  a  heart,  they  necessarily  died. 

If  however  the  Egyptians  were  not  very  skilful  in  assisting  the  living, 
we  must  own  that  they  proved  themselves  to  be  beyond  any  hopes  of  rivalry, 
most  cunning  artists  in  the  preservation  of  the  dead.    The  beauty,  deli- 
cacy, and  duration  of  their  embalming  processes,  still  claims  the  admira- 
tion of  all.    In  thus  giving  to  death  the  semblance  of  life,t  and  robbing 
him  of  half  his  prey,  theology  and  surgery  went  hand  in  hand.    It  was 
the  creed  of  the  children  of  Misraim,  that  the  body  was  not  doomed  to  be 
destroyed  or  dissolved,  or  to  lose  its  spiritual  tenant,  when  this  transitory 
dream  of  threescore  years  had  passed  away  :  but  that  it  was  to  be  renewed 
in  other  states,  and  for  immeasurable  periods  of  remote  existence.  J;  Thus 
every  possible  art  was  employed  in  preventing  the  elements  of  decay  from 
reaching  it ;  in  fighting  against  the  rat,  and  the  worm,  and  the  beetle  ;  in 
preserving  it  from  the  humid  breath  of  the  Nile,  in  its  cedar-cases  and 
rock-hewn  sepulchres ;  and  in  rendering  it  impassable  to  the  attacks  of 


•  '  It  is  generally  considered  as  a  whimsical  circumstance,  that  the  Egyptians  should 
bar?  had  particular  physicians  for  different  disorders,  even  for  the  tooth-ache,  to 
which  they  were  subject  from  chewing  green-sugar-canes.' — Pauw  on  the  Egyptian*. 

f  See  a  curious  passage  on  this  subject,  quoted  from  Herodotus  by  that  entertain- 
ing but  rash  writer  De  Pauw,  in  his  history  of  the  Egyptians  and  Chinese,  i.  p.  44. 
Alas  l  the  history  of  modern  times  (see  different  Memoirs  of  the  French  Revolution) 
has  rendered  little  doubtful  the  enormities  hinted  at  by  the  father  of  history.  The 
time  neoe*«ary  for  the  process  of  embalming  a  body  was  seventy  days. 

♦  On  the  opinion  of  the  Egyptians  concerning  the  future  state  of  the  soul,  much 
raformation  will  be  found  in  Mosheim's  note*  to  Cudwortb's  Intellectual  System, 
esp.  iv.  That  the  former  body,  after  death,  should  be  resumed,  was  an  undisputed 
f^net  of  belief.  Suicides  were  assisted  by  the  ceremony  of  oscillation  in  passing  the 
8tyx  Small  tisrures  were  suspended  with  cords,  and  kept  in  swinging  motion,  to  help 
the m  over  a  traject  they  had  made  more  difficult. 


■ 


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6  Dr.  Bostock  s  History  of  Medicine.  [«Joly, 

time  itself.*  Thus  beautifully  re-adjnstcd  to  the  appearance  of  life,  ren- 
dered fragrant  with  all  the  gums  and  odorous  spices  of  Arabia,  frankincense, 
and  balm  and  myrrh  ;  its  form,  its  features  preserved ;  dressed  in  cost- 
liest garments,  and  enthroned  in  chambers  of  regal  magnificence,  and  more 
than  rivalling  its  habitation  upon  earth  ;  a  pious  and  credulous  supersti- 
tion fondly  believed  that  it  eujoyed  the  glories  of  its  renewed  existence  » 
and  that  it  would  have  been  a  cruelty  too  horrible  to  think  of,  that  would 
have  neglected  to  provide  for  the  translated  being  all  that  piety  could 
imagine  of  au  august  abode,  f  The  Roman  poet  goes  so  far  as  to  hint, 
that  even  in  social  life,  and  round  the  domestic  hearth,  no  difference  was 
acknowledged  between  the  living  and  the  dead  : 

 /Egyptia  tell  as 

Condit  odorato  post  funus  stantia  busto 

Corpora  ;  et  a  mentis  exsanguem  haud  separat  umbram. 

Of  the  medical  knowledge  of  the  Israelites  little  is  known.    In  the 
writings  of  Moses  are  various  allusions  to  the  practice  of  Medicine, 
chiefly  as  regards  the  treatment  of  that  national  disease,  the  leprosy. 
To  promote  cleanliness  and  prevent  contagion,  seem  to  have  been  the 
chief  objects  of  the  simple  yet  severe  legislation  on  the  subject.  '  Dirt 
and  filth  may  accumulate  with  impunity  in  the  suburbs  of  Amsterdam, 
or  the  crowded  lanes  of  Hamburgh  and  London ;  but  under  the  burning 
sun  of  Arabia,  or  in  the  hot  valleys  of  Judaea,  contagious  pestilence  and 
frightful  disease  would  be  produced  :  hence  perhaps  the  origin  of  the  rite 
of  circumcision,  and  of  the  abstinence  from  the  flesh  of  particular  animals 
that  are  heating  and  indigestible.    Well  and  wisely  did  the  great  Lawgiver 
issue  his  code  of  prohibitions  and  indulgences,  which,  for  the  most  part, 
the  taste,  and  perhaps  the  prudence  of  after  ages,  has  approved.    *  These 
which  ye  shall  have  in  abomination  among  the  fowls,  they  shall  not  be 
eaten,  they  are  an  abomination :  the  eagle,  and  the  ossifrage,  and  the 
08prey,  and  the  vulture,  and  the  kite,  and  every  raven  after  his  kind,  and 
the  owl,  and  the  night-hawk,  and  the  little  owl,  and  the  cormorant,  and 
the  great  owl.   And  these  shall  be  unclean  among  the  creeping  things  that 
creep  upon  the  earth  ;  the  weasel,  and  the  mouse,  and  the  tortoise  after 
his  kiud,  and  the  ferret,  %  and  the  chamelion,  and  the  lizard,  and  the  snail, 
and  the  mole  j  these  arc  unclean  among  all  that  creep.' 


*  The  author  of  this  note  has  in  bis  possession  some  hair  that  belonged  to  a  female 
who  was  taken  from  the  most  ancient  catacombs  of  Thebes,  and  therefore  might 
probably  be  more  than  three  thousand  years  old.  It  is  perfect  in  its  preservation. 
The  lily-root  too  of  the  same  age,  found  in  the  hand  of  a  mummy,  is  now  growing  in 
England. 

t  Manetho  says  that  one  of  the  kings  of  Egypt  wrote  a  book  on  anatomy,  or  more 
probably  the  art  of  dissecting  for  the  purpose  of  embalming.  It  is  said  that  this  art 
continued  till  the  time  of  Theodosius.  Dion  Cassius  relates,  that  Augustus  dufiyured 
the  mummy  of  Alexander  the  Great,  because  he  touched  the  nose  precisely  on  the 
place  where  the  cartilage  had  been  taken  away  by  the  embalmers. 

X  The  Chinese  are  the  greatest  epicures,  as  regards  unclean  animals,  of  any  civil- 
ized nation.  Rats,  bats,  screech-owls,  eagles,  hawks,  cats,  badgers,  and  dogs,  are 
seen  boiled  and  stewed  on  the  Celestial  tables.  Dogs  are  eaten  in  hot  weather  for  their 
cooling  quality ;  (see  Brand's  Reise  nach  China,  and  others)  we  suppose  when  the  dog. 
star  rages.  Yet  this  culinary  fare  may  be  considered  as  one  step  to  future  improve- 
ment ;  for  in  the  eighth  century,  if  we  may  believe  the  Abbe  Renaudot,  the  Chinese 
were  Anthropophagi !  and  would  certainly  have  eaten  up  Lord  Napier,  and  brought  to 
table  our  ambassadors,  envoys,  commissaries,  and  4  such  small  deer,'  instead  of  keep- 


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1835.]  Dr.  Bostock't  History  of  Medicine.  7 

In  the  porch  of  the  temple  of  Jerusalem,  a  complete  formulary  ofre  me- 
dia was  exhibited,  of  which  Solomon  was  said  to  be  the  author.  The 
sect  of  the  Essenes  in  particular  cultivated  medicine,  as  they  were  also 
celebrated  for  their  pure  and  mild  system  of  morality  j  they  were  called 
Ocparctrat,  or  healers  and  physicians,  and  they  had  the  reputation  of 
being  able  to  work  miracles.  Among  the  Assyrians  and  Chaldauins  the 
favourite  science  of  astronomy  was  called  in  to  assist  Medicine  ;  but  that 
tbe  stars  were  not  strong  enough  to  throw  any  light  on  the  healing  art, 
we  may  presume,  from  what  Herodotus  says,  that  the  sick  at  Babylon  were 
stationed  in  places  of  public  resort,  and  remained  exposed  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  passengers,  who  were  requested  to  furnish  them  with  their  advice, 
or  rather  every  one  was  obliged  to  give  some  advice  abont  each  disease. 
Tbe  account  of  this  practice  seems  to  resemble  much  that  of  another  great 
and  ancient  oriental  nation.  *  The  purple  fever/  says  an  old  traveller, '  is  a 
disease  very  dangerous  in  Europe,  but  few  die  of  it  in  Tonquin  :  for  the 
Tooquinese  treat  it  in  the  following  manner.  They  take  the  pitch  of  a  cer- 
tain reed,  dip  it  in  oil,  and  apply  it  successively  to  all  the  spots  on  the  body. 
The  flesh  then  bursts  with  a  report  as  loud  as  a  pistol :  and  after  the  cor- 
rupted blood  has  been  squeezed  out,  they  finish  the  cure  by  rubbing  the 
wounds  with  ginger.' 

The  ancient  kings  of  Greece  seem  to  have  considered  Medicine  as  an 
art  not  below  the  dignity  of  the  monarch ;  and  so  kings  became  its  nursing- 
fathers,  and  queens  its  nursing  mothers.    Illustrious  are  the  names  that 
appear  in  the  original  College  of  Physicians  !    Besides  i£sculapius,  who 
with  his  two  sons,  Macbaon  and  Podalyrius,  was  a  successful  practitioner — 
there  was  Chiron,  whose  visits  (always  on  horseback)  shewed  the  exteut  of 
his  practice,  Aristaeus,  Theseus,  Telamon,  Teucer,  Patroclus,  Ulysses,  and 
other  heroes,  who  were  humanely  employed  in  endeavouring  to  cure  the 
wounds  which  they  had  previously  inflicted.  The  poets  also  were  employed 
in  putting  the  best  prescriptions  into  metre,  for  their  better  recollection. 
Linos,  Orpheus,  and  Mussus  sang  of  that  beneficent  art,  which  prolongs 
life,  allays  pain,  and  along  with  health  restores  happiness  and  pleasure. 
Hesiod,  in  his  Works  and  Days,  lays  down  some  diaetetic  rules  ;  and  a  most 
competent  judge  has  pronounced  that  Homer's  method  of  dressing  wounds 
showed  great  science.    What  he  says  of  the  Nepenthe  shows  that  the  use 
of  narcotics  was  known  j  of  the  virtues  of  that  powerful  plant  the  Moly  we 
are  ignorant ;  but  Circe  seems  to  have  entertained  as  great  an  aversion  to  it, 
as  the  Italian  ladies  do  to  nosegays  or  perfumes.    At  the  siege  of  Troy  no- 
thing appears  to  have  been  done  without  the  assistance  of  Bacchus. 
Whether  tbe  warriors  went  to  battle  or  returned,  sick  or  well,  wounded 
or  whole,  before  council  and  after,  at  breakfast  or  at  supper,  wine  was 
their  invariable  companion.   Even  their  wounds  were  bathed  with  wine  j 
and  incision  and  scarification  were  also  piacticed.    Pliny  is  surprised  that 
Homer  has  not  mentioned  warm  baths,  and  hence  concludes  that  he  was 
ignorant  of  the  use  of  them:  but  Philostratus  is  of  the  contrary  opinion: 
indeed  it  is  not  probable,  that  where  there  were  hot  rivers  there  should  not 
be  tepid  baths  ;  and  he  says  the  hot  baths  of  Jonia,  situated  near  Smyrna, 
were  called  the  baths  of  Agamemnon.  In  Greece,  Medicine  was  cultivated  in 
the  temples  ;  and  tbat  of  iEsculapius  at  length  gained  the  ascendancy  over 


lile  for  them.  The  Mandarins  are  allowed  a  different  diet,  which  a  Darteneuf 
iaj  ***  would  not  have  despised;  swallows'  nests,  tendons  of  deer,  tins  of  sharks, 
f^'f  bears  Molucca  mushrooms,  and  swalofs!    Sueh  are  tbc,|>rivilege=  of  nobility. 


■ 


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8  Dr.  Bostock' 's  History  of Medicine.  [July» 

its  rivals.  In  one  important  branch  of  the  practice  of  their  art,  the  priests 
seem  to  have  excelled  the  practitioners  of  modern  days.  They  always  took 
their  fee  before  they  gave  advice  .'—though  indeed  .Aesculapius  has  always 
been  a  wise  and  provident  god,  and  taken  good  care  of  his  ministers.  The 
patient  laid  his  gifts  on  the  altar  j  and  was  then  put  to  bed  on  a  ram-skin 
rug,  which  had  the  power  of  inducing  celestial  visions  !  When  he  was 
supposed  to  be  asleep,  the  priest,  clothed  like  i£sculapius,  with  some  young 
females,  who  passed  for  his  daughters,  but  were  in  fact  actresses  and 
figurantes  educated  for  the  purpose,  entered  and  informed  the  persons  of 
their  complaint,  and  the  method  of  cure.  The  most  celebrated  of  these 
temples  were  those  of  Epidaurus,  Pergainus,  Cos,  and  Cnidus.  Cnidus 
gave  birth  to  Euryphron,  who  published  the  Cnidian  Sentences  j  and  from 
Cos  proceeded  the  true  father  of  rational  physic — the  wise,  the  humane, 
the  virtuous  Hippocrates. 

When  the  delusions  of  priestcraft  were  discovered,  and  the  power  of  the 
Asclepiadaedestroyed,  the  philosophers,  who  began  to  flourish  about  the  sixth 
century,  took  the  vacant  chair  of  Medicine,  and  certainly  rescued  it  from  sa- 
cerdotal ignorance  and  imposture ;  but  as  each  had  his  own  favourite  theory, 
to  that  the  laws  of  the  healing  art  were  bound.  Pythagoras  referred  the 
formation  of  diseases  and  the  laws  of  nature  to  the  power  of  numbers. 
He  and  his  followers  believed,  that  they  had  discovered  in  different  opera- 
tions of  nature  that  order  which  numbers  must  follow,  in  order  to  produce 
their  recurrence  at  stated  intervals.  Democritus  referred  them  to  the 
figure  and  position  of  the  atoms  of  matter.  Heraclitus  shewed  how  they 
were  modified  by  the  creative  fire  of  the  universe.  These  hypotheses  ex- 
tended to  the  evolution  of  matter,  the  origin  of  diseases,  and  the  changes 
achieved  by  death.  Empedocles  supposed  the  muscles  were  composed  of 
the  four  elements  in  four  equal  parts,  and  that  the  nerves,  when  cooled  by 
the  external  air,  become  the  nails ;  that  tears  arose  from  a  fusion  of  blood, 
and  the  bones  from  a  mixture  of  earth  and  water.  Eudoxus,  Epichamus, 
and  others,  adopted  the  opinions  of  the  Italian  School,  founded  by  Pytha- 
goras. Among  them  all,  no  name  stood  so  high  as  that  of  Acron  of 
Agrigentum  in  Sicily?  He  has  been  called  the  father  of  empirics,  as  rejecting 
all  theories  and  system  ;  he  founded  Medicine  on  experience  alone  ;  and 
reduced  all  reasonings  to  the  appreciation  of  different  symptoms,  and  to  the 
discovery  of  analogies.  Such  were  the  respective  changes  which  Medicine 
underwent  in  the  early  periods  of  its  history.  '  Placed  at  first,'  as  an  elegant 
and  philosophical  writer  expresses  himself, '  in  the  hands  of  the  poets,  it 
exhibited  only  an  assemblage  of  beautiful  images  or  refined  sentiments ; 
while  in  the  hands  of  the  priests,  it  adopted  the  vague  language  and  mys- 
terious tone  of  superstition  ;  and  in  the  hands  of  these  primitive  philoso- 
phers, its  scattered,  confused,  and  indigested  materials  were  combined,  and 
formed  into  more  or  less  regular  and  more  or  less  perfect  systems.  But  it 
usurped  the  principles  of  many  other  sciences,  which  were  themselves 
but  in  a  crude  state ;  it  shared  in  their  errors,  which  proved  the  more  in- 
jurious to  it,  as  these  sciences,  for  the  most  part,  had  little  connexion  with 
it.  We  may  even  venture  to  assert,  that  it  made  the  complete  round  of 
the  false  systems  which  prevailed  in  the  different  branches  of  human  know- 
ledge, and  which  succeeded  each  other  by  turns.'  At  length,  in  the 
eightieth  olympia,  and  in  the  little  island  of  Cos,  Hippocrates  *  appeared. 


•  Dr.  Bostock 's  account  of  the  medical  logic  and  practice  of  this  great  physician, 
is  written  with  taste  and  judgment,  p.  28,  &c. 

I 


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1835  ]  Dr.  Bostocks  History  of  Medicine.  9 

His  father  was  a  physician  j  and  indeed  Medicine  had  been  in  the  bands 
of  his  family  for  seventeen  generations.  *  Surrounded,'  says  Cabanas, '  from 
infancy  with  all  the  objects  of  his  studies ;  instructed  in  eloquence  and 
philosophy  by  the  most  celebrated  masters;  having  his  mind  enriched  with 
the  largest  collection  of  observations  which  could  at  that  time  have  ex- 
isted ;  and  endowed,  in  fine,  by  nature  with  a  genius  which  was  at  once 
penetrating  and  comprehensive,  bold  and  prudent, — he  commenced  his 
career  under  the  most  favourable  auspices,  and  pursued  it  during  a  period 
of  more  than  eighty  years,  with  that  degree  of  renown  which  was  equally 
due  to  his  talents  and  to  the  greatness  of  his  virtuous  character.' 

The  period  in  which  a  man  of  genius  appears  is  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance j  as  it  may  either  give  that  genius  room  to  expand,  or  stifle  it  in 
ignorance  and  superstition ;  it  may  become  a  splendid  but  useless  gift,  or 
it  may  be  an  invaluable  possession,  as  time  and  circumstance  allow. 
Many  were  the  advantages  which  surrounded  the  pupil  of  Cos,  when  he 
first  applied  the  powers  of  his  genius  to  the  purpose  of  diminishing  the 
evils  which  afflict  humanity.  Euryphrou  had  published  his  Cnidian  Sen- 
tences; Herodicus  had  revived  gymnastic  Medicine ;  the  usual  diseases  were 
observed,  and  general  remedies  ascertained.  Venesection,  emetics,  ca- 
thartics, bathing,  operating  with  the  knife,  and  cautery,  were  familiarly 
practised  ;  and  although  false  theories,  and  the  influence  of  superstition, 
retarded  the  progress  of  truth  and  the  improvement  of  science,  yet  a 
marked  advance  in  knowledge  was  visible,  and  the  dawn  of  a  clearer  day 
began  to  brighten  on  the  rising  science,  when  Hippocrates  appeared  to 
raise  the  Coan  School  to  a  lasting  and  undeniable  pre-eminence  over  all 
its  rivals.  His  first  advantage,  besides  being  in  the  seventeenth  degree 
the  lineal  descendant  of  Esculapius,  he  derived  from  having  been  born  amid 
the  future  object  of  his  studies,  and  being  familiar  from  his  cradle  with 
materials  that  were  to  exercise  his  future  judgment.  From  his  parents  he 
received  the  elementary  notions  of  medical  science  j  by  viewing  diseases 
he  learned  to  distinguish  them,  and  the  virtues  and  uses  of  Medicine  be- 
came familiar  to  him. 

Hippocrates  was  born  one  of  the  few  favourites  of  Nature;  and  his 
parent  smiled  when  she  bestowed  on  him  some  of  her  choicest  gifts.  He 
was  endowed  equally  with  soundness  and  temperance  of  judgment,  and 
those  inventive  powers  which  mark  the  genius  of  the  possessor,  which 
anticipate  the  judgments,  and  appear  almost  to  claim  the  discoveries  of 
posterity.   He  brought  the  science  back  into  the  natural  channel  of  rational 
eiperience  ;  freed  it  from  false  systems,  founded  it  upon  a  solid  basis,  and 
marie  it,  as  he  says — philosophical.  His  true  method  of  reasoning  is  deve- 
loped in  his  History  of  Epidemics  *  and  Book  of  Aphorisms.    The  former 
contains  descriptions  of  the  most  severe  diseases,  and  affords  rules  for 
jodgiugaod  discriminating  them.    The  latter  has  been  regarded  as  a  model 
of  grandeur  of  conception,  and  precision  of  style.    The  true  path  of  im- 
provement and  discovery  was  now  found ;  observations  were  collected  and 
preserv  ed  *  deductions  were  formed  from  facts  into  general  rules  ;  and  the 
true  analytical  philosophy  was  employed,  by  which  new  ideas  were  deve- 
loped, and  comprehensive  views  of  science  opened.  In  fact,  a  habit  of 

•  We  wonder  that  no  one  who  has  mentioned  the  writings  of  Hippocrates  has  re- 
m»rked  how  entertaining  as  well  as  instructive  is  the  treatise  of  Enr.St./*,^.  It  throws 
Uzht  on  the  domestic  habits  of  the  Greeks  ;  and  in  the  names,  situations,  and  resi- 
denre°of  the  patients  it  gives  such  spirit  and  liveliness  to  the  descriptions,  that  the  non- 
profewional  reader  will  peruie  it  with  pleasure. 

Gent  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  ^ 


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10 


Dr.  Bostock's  History  of  Medicine. 


observation,  at  once  delicate  and  sound,  formed  the  groundwork  of  the 
still  more  difficult  art  of  referring  the  results  to  general  views,  and  detail- 
ing them  with  precision.    No  other  writer,  it  is  said,  without  exception, 
initiates  us  so  far  into  the  knowledge  of  Nature,  or  teaches  us  to  interrogate 
her  with  that  wise  caution  and  that  scrupulous  attention,  which  can  alone 
enable  us  to  trace  from  her  answers  those  principles  and  rules  which  most 
be  recognized  as  genuine.    To  this  mastery  over  science,  Hippocrates 
brought  all  the  graces  of  the  most  polite  and  refined  literature  *  Studying 
under  the  celebrated  Gorgias,  whose  lectures  on  eloquence  at  Athens  at- 
tracted the  most  enthusiastic  admiration,  he  soon  learnt  how  much  the  graces 
of  a  finished  style  contribute  to  the  success  of  truth,  how  closely  langaage 
and  thought  are  united,  and  the  art  of  reasoning  is  dependent  on  the  words 
in  which  it  is  conveyed.    '  It  was,'  says  the  author  to  whom  we  have  before 
referred,  and  to  whose  masterly  sketch  of  the  History  of  Medicine  we  are 
so  much  indebted,  '  in  this  excellent  school  that  Hippocrates  received  the 
elements  of  that  simple  and  masculine  style  which  is  peculiar  to  him — a 
style  perfect  in  its  kind,  and  particularly  well  adapted  to  the  sciences  by 
the  clearness  of  its  terms  and  the  force  of  its  expression ;  and  not  less  re- 
markable for  the  liveliness  of  its  images,  and  for  that  rapidity  which  seems 
only  to  glance  on  the  different  objects,  but  which  in  reality  investigates 
them  all  thoroughly,  by  arresting  and  comparing  their  true  distinguishing 
features.    If  history  furnishes  us  with  a  just  account  of  this  celebrated 
orator,  we  may  conclude  that  Hippocrates  really  owes  to  him  the  valuable 
talent  of  embellishing  his  thoughts  without  the  aid  of  extraneous  orna- 
ments, and  of  preserving  his  language  in  that  mean  degree  of  elegance  which 
perhaps  is  the  only  description  of  stylet  allowable  to  the  physician,  inter- 
rupted as  he  is  in  his  solitary  studies  by  the  daily  avocations  of  his  profes- 
sion. |  Though  advanced  in  age,  Hippocrates  does  not  scruple  to  confess  that 
he  was  yet  far  from  having  carried  the  theory  and  practice  of  his  art  to  that 
degree  of  perfection  of  which  they  are  susceptible ;  and  he  declares  that 
in  the  course  of  a  long  life,  which  had  been  devoted  to  the  service  of  his 
fellow-creatures,  and  which  had  not  passed  without  some  degree  of  renown, 


•  It  is  decided  that  Hippocrates  never  dissected.  See  Bostock's  History,  p.  29, 
with  his  authorities.  But  in  his  writings  we  see  the  first  traces  of  physiology.  On 
his  genuine  works  see  ditto,  p.  31.  The  principles  of  Hippocrates  are — 1.  Attention  to 
the  operations  of  nature ;  2.  Curing  disease  by  inducing  contrary  action ;  3.  The 
doctrine  of  critical  evacuations.  His  Materia  Medica  was  very  copious,  but  all  of 
vegetable  articles.  Erasistratus  and  Herophilus,  physicians  of  Alexandria  under  the 
Ptolemies,  are  said  to  have  been  the  first  who  dissected  the  human  subject.  See  Bos- 
tock,  p.  47.  The  separation  of  physician  and  surgeon  and  apothecary  commenced  at 
this  time,  on  the  great  schism  of  the  Dogmatists  and  Empirics.  See  Dr.  Bostock's 
judicious  observations,  p.  51 — 54. 

t  See  some  remarks  on  the  style  of  Hippocrates,  and  in  its  difference  from  that  of 
other  celebrated  writers  of  Greece,  in  Cabanis,  p.  389. 

J  It  seems  doubtful  whether  the  account  given  in  the  oration  of  the  disputation  as- 
cribed to  Thessalus,  as  regards  the  advice  of  Hippocrates  during  the  plague  at  Athens, 
is  genuine.  Thucydides  in  his  detailed  description  does  not  mention  him. — See  what 
Cabanis  observes  on  the  subject,  p.  76.  Hippocrates  was  born  about  the  80th  Olympiad  ; 
the  plague  raged  in  the  87th,  consequently  he  was  only  30  years  old.  Whether  his 
experience  at  that  age  entitled  him  to  stand  between  the  living  and  the  dead,  when 
all  else  were  stupefied  with  despair,  , 

— — —  Cessere  magistri 
Phyllirides,  Chiron,  Amythaoni usque  Melampus,' — 

and  even  Medicine  herself  was  silent,  according  to  the  magnificent  language  of  the 
great  philosophical  poet— 4  Stat  tacito  Medicina  timore,'  cannot  now  be  ascertained. 


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1835.]  Dr.  Bostock'a  History  of  Medicine.  1 ! 

he  had  been  oftener  blamed  for  misconduct  than  praised  for  success.  Yet 
no  one  was  ever  more  deserving  of  happiness  than  Hippocrates  no  one 
em  distinguished  his  sojourn  upon  earth  by  more  signal  services,  or  by  the 
constant  exercise  of  more  exalted  virtues,  and  no  one  ever  formed  to 
himself  more  sublime  ideas  of  the  duties  of  his  profession.  These  we 
may  find  sketched  and  compressed,  as  it  were,  in  the  oath  of  his  school  j 
in  several  passages  of  his  writings  he  has  recorded  them  in  the  truly 
affecting  language  of  virtue  and  truth  ;  and  he  practised  them  with  senti- 
ments of  benevolence,  which  should  render  his  memory  as  much  cherished 
and  beloved,  as  his  genius  and  his  works  have  been  respected  and  admired." 

We  have  been  so  delightfully  engaged  in  the  account  of  this  great  phy- 
sician, that  we  must  hasten  with  winged  steps  over  the  remainder  of  our 
little  history,  referring  to  Dr.  Bostock's  judicious  and  well-written  work 
for  a  more  full  and  detailed  account.    When  medical  men  were  permitted 
to  practise  at  Rome,*  and  when  luxury  had  multiplied  the  forms  and  in- 
creased the  terrors  of  disease,  and  when  the  old  Domestic  Medicine  and 
Family  Physician  s  Guide,  practised  by  Cato  the  Censor  and  other  ancient 
gentlemen  on  the  bodies  of  their  slaves,  were  superseded  by  a  demand  for 
a  more  refined  knowledge  and  for  a  more  perfect  practice,  Greece  was 
looked  to  as  the  parent  of  the  arts  of  life, — and  Asclepiadest  appeared 
among  others  to  confer  a  fresh  lustre  on  his  profession  by  the  justness  of 
his  views,  the  extent  of  his  information,  and  the  splendour  of  his  eloquence. 
From  him  arose  the  methodic  system  of  physic,  of  which  Themison  i  was 
said  to  be  the  founder,  whose  principles  may  be  found  explained  in  the  works 
of  Caelius  Aurelianus,  and  who  kept  a  middle  course  between  (he  Dogma- 
tists and  Empirics :  they  opposed  the  numeral  pathology  of  Hippocrates,  and 
traced  the  cause  of  disease  to  the  solids — a  doctrine  that  has  been  gaining 
ground  to  the  present  day.  The  School  of  Themison  §  became  divided  into 
some  minor  sects,  among  whom  the  Pneumatics  acquired  considerable  cele- 
brity, from  the  name  of  a  very  eminent  practitioner,  and  beautiful  writer,  Are- 
taeus  the  Cappadocian.  He  is  classed  among  the  Pneumatics  or  Eclectics  ac- 
cording as  different  views  of  his  sagacious  system  are  taken.  About  this  time 
the  celebrated  Roman  writer  on  Medicine,  Celsus  ||,  is  supposed  to  have 
flourished.    He  is  the  first  native  Roman  physician  whose  name  has  come 
down  to  us ;  and  whose  works  prove  that  in  his  time  the  capital  opera- 
rations  of  surgery  were  known  and  practised,  and  the  formulae  of  his 
Pharmacy  were  both  correct  and  scientific.    Dr.  Bostock  conceives  that 


•  Plinv  says  the  Romans  were  without  physicians  for  600  years.    The  plague 
stopt  by  the  Dictator  driving  a  nail  into  a  pott  /  and  other  similarly  simple  remedies 
rendered  doctors  superfluous. 

t  Asclepiades  resolved  all  diseases  into  obstruction  of  the  pores.  See  Bostock,  p. 
6}.  He  divided  diseases  into  chronic  and  acute. 

I  Quot  Themison  aegroa  autumno  Occident  uno. — Juv.  Sat. 

$  See  Dr.  Bostock  on  the  subject,  p.  70,  flee. 

0  It  has  remained  for  us,  who  are  not  among  the  Doctores  Medici,  to  point  out  that 
Trituration,  or  breaking  down  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  supposed  to  be  a  discovery  of 
oar  days,  was  known  to  Cehm,  and  practised  in  his  time.— Vide  Lib.  vii.  c.  26,  s.  3. 
4  Si  quan'do  is  ([calculus]  major  non  videtur,  nisi  rupta  cervice,  ex  train  posse,  finden- 
diuest  Cuius  repertor  Ammonius,  qui  ob  id  Xi9oro/t«o« cognomtnatus  est.  Id  hoc  modo 
fit  Uncus  injicitur  calculo,  sic  ut  facile  eum  conclusum  quoque  teneat,  ne  is  retro  re- 
Toiratur.  Turn  ferramentum  adhibetur  crassitudinis  modicas,  prima  parte  tenui,  sed 
retusa  ouod  admodum  calculo,  et  ex  altera  parte  ictum,  findat.  Magna  cura  habita, 
Deaut  'ad  ipsam  vesicam  ferramentum  perveniat,  aut  calculi  tractura  ne  quid  incidat." 
— Whr  is  the  word  IAthotrity  introduced  ?  Lithotomy  is  the  proper  term,  not  for 
cutting  the  bladder,  hut  the  stone. 


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1 2  Dr.  Bostocki  History  of  Medicine.  [J  uly, 

Celsus  was  a  physician  by  profession,  but  who  devoted  part  of  his  time 
and  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  literature  and  general  science. 

After  a  long  interval,  in  which  errors  accumulated,  in  proportion  as 
theories  and  assumptions  took  the  place  of  observation  and  a  patient  ex- 
amination of  nature,  the  illustrious  name  of  Galen  is  announced.    He  was 
the  physician  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  and  in  bis  works  we  may  peruse  with 
interest  an  account  of  some  of  the  disorders  with  which  that  humane, 
enlightened,  and  philosophic  emperor  was  afflicted.    "  Endowed,"  says 
Cabanis,  "  with  a  genius  sufficiently  comprehensive  to  embrace  all  the 
sciences,  and  to  cultivate  them  all  with  equal  success,  he  even  in  early 
youth  gave  proofs  of  uncommon  capacity,  and,  while  pursuing  his  youthful 
studies,  began  to  perceive  the  futility  of  the  prevailing  systems.  Dissa- 
tisfied with  what  his  masters  taught  him  as  incontrovertible  truths,  and  as 
the  immutable  principles  of  the  art,  he  read  Hippocrates'  works,  and  was 
struck  as  it  were  at  once  with  a  new  light.    In  comparing  thein  with 
nature,  his  astonishment  and  admiration  redoubled,  and  Hippocrates  and 
Nature  henceforth  became  the  only  preceptors  tu  whose  instructions  he 
would  listen.    He  undertook  the  task  of  commenting  on  the  writings  of 
the  father  of  Medicine :  he  presented  his  opinions  in  various  lights  in 
which  they  had  not  been  regarded :  he  repeated  his  observations,  he  ex- 
tended and  supported  them  with  all  the  aid  which  philosophy  and  natural 
science  were  capable  of  affording  him,  either  by  the  simple  comparison  of 
facts,  or  by  the  collection  of  different  theories,  or  by  the  combination  of 
different  methods* of  reasoning,    in  short,  Galen  revived  the  Hippocratic 
system  of  medicine,  and  communicated  to  it  a  degree  of  lustre  which  it 
did  not  possess  in  its  primitive  simplicity.    But  at  the  same  time  it  must 
be  confessed  that  what  it  gained  in  his  hands,  had  more  the  appearance  of 
gloss  and  ornament  than  of  more  solid  acquisition.    The  observations  w  hich 
had  been  collected,  and  the  rules  which  had  been  traced  by  Hippocrates, 
in  assuming  a  more  splendid  and  systematic  form,  lost  much  of  their  ori- 
ginal purity.    Nature,  whom  the  Coan  physician  had  always  followed  with 
so  much  accuracy  and  caution,  became  obscured,  and  in  a  manner  stifled 
bv  the  foreign  pomp  of  different  sciences  and  dogmas  ;  and  the  ait  of  me- 
dicine, overcharged,  as  it  was,  with  subtle  and  superfluous  rules,  only  en* 
tangled  itself  in  a  number  of  new  and  unnecessary  difficulties.  Bordeu 
compares  Boerhaave  to  Asclepiades,  and  he  may  indeed  have  found  some 
features  of  similitude  between  these  two  celebrated  physicians.    But  the 
character  of  Galen*  bears  a  much  stronger  resemblance  to  that  of  the 
Leyden  Professor ;  both  appropriated  to  themselves  the  knowledge  of  the 
age  in  which  they  lived,  and  both  endeavoured  to  apply  it  to  medicine. 
In  reforming  the  latter  on  great  and  comprehensive  plans,  they  attempted 
to  combine  with  it  a  variety  of  doctrines  which  are  entirely  foreign  to  it, 
or  which  at  roost  bear  to  it,  relations  of  an  iusulated  and  merely  accessory 
nature.    Both  were  desirous  to  enrich  their  system  of  physic,  with  every 
thing  which  they  knew  besides.    Thence  it  comes  that,  while  they  sim- 
plified with  method,  though  often  in  a  very  unequal  manner,  the  general 
views  which  should  govern  its  system  of  "instruction,  they  have,  never- 
theless, left  a  great  task  for  their  successors  to  accomplish — the  task  of 
separating  with  accuracy  many  just  and  beautiful  ideas  from  the  hypothe- 
tical dogmas  which  disfigure  them,  and  which  the  order  itself  of  their  con- 


Consult  Dr.  Bostock's  view  of  Galen's  merits,  acquirements,  &c.  cap.  v.  p.  HJ. 

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1835.1  Dr.  Bostock' s  History  of  Medicine.  13 

nectkro  renders  still  more  dangerous  for  young  students,  too  easily  seduced, 

as  they  are,  by  such  comprehensive  views." 

From  Galen  to  tbe  time  of  the  Arabians,  medicine  appears  to  have  re- 
volved in  the  circle  which  the  Greeks  had  formed  round  her.    Yet  Sextus 
Emp'iricus  was  a  person  of  very  considerable  learning,  and  who  had  studied 
intimately  the  different  systems  of  philosophy ;  and  the  works  of  Oribasius, 
Aetius,  and  Alexander  Trallianus,  are  found  in  the  collections  of  medical 
writers  by  Stephens  and  others.    With  the  death  of  Paulus  iEgincta  in 
the  7th  century,  the  Greek  School  of  Medicine  may  be  said  to  have  ceased. 
About  this  time,  hospitals  were  first  founded,  the  small  pox  was  described, 
and  some  improvements  made  in  the  art.    The  works  of  Hippocrates, 
Galen ,  and  Aristotle,  were  translated  ;  but  the  subtle  metaphysics  of  the 
Stagyrite,  and  the  flowing  harmony  and  majesty  of  Galen,  delighted  the 
imagination  of  the  Arabians,  far  more  than  the  severe  simplicity,  the  chas- 
tened eloquence,  the  cautions  inferences,  and  the  prudent  and  rigid  me- 
thod which  distinguished  the  observer  of  nature.    The  School  of  Salerno, 
however,  in  Italy,  was  honourably  distinguished  as  the  Civitas  Hippocratica, 
and  seemed  to  have  the  care  of  the  sick  and  wounded  Crusaders,  whose 
route  to  and  from  the  East  long  led  them  to  that  port :  it  flourished  for 
some  time,  but  at  length  was  eclipsed  in  the  thirteenth  century  by  the 
rival  schools  in  Bologna*  and  Paris,  then  rising  into  fame.    About  this 
period,  while  civilization  was  dawning  over  Europe,  and  awakening  her 
torpid  powers,  the  Jews  were  the  great  instruments  of  its  progress ;  not 
only  were  they  the  brokers,  bankers,  merchants,  and  carriers,f  but  they 
became  the  physicians  also.    They  migrated  to  Spain  with  the  Moors,  had 
schools  at  Toledo,  Cordova,  Granada ;  and  were  entrusted  with  the  care  of 
the  health  of  Charlemagne.    Zedikias  had  the  health  as  well  as  hair 
•f  Charles  the  Bald  under  bis  superintendence,  and  Francis  the  First 
so  esteemed  a  Jewish  doctor,  that  suspecting  his,  which  Charles  the 
Fifth  had  sent  to  him,  to  be  a  Christian,  he  dismissed  him  from  his  august 
presence,  by  kicking  him  down  stairs.    At  length  the  priests  prevailed 
over  the  Jews  ;  and  monks  and  friars,  and  lady-abbesses,  and  anathemas, 
drove  out  of  business  the  forlorn  children  of  Abraham.    Celibacy  was  en- 
joined on  all  medical  men :  hence  all  hastened  into  the  church ;  in  vain 
the  bulls  of  the  Lateran  Council  roared  against  them ;  they  defied  its 
thunders  ;  and  determined  to  make  the  church  the  depository  of  all  know- 
ledge and  gain  they  joined  the  profession  of  law  to  that  of  theology  and 
medicine.    This  tripartite  spoil  they  enjoyed  for  a  considerable  period, 
and  drew  their  fees  from  body,  soul,  and  substance.   At  length  common 

*  Mondini,  a  Professor  of  in  Bologna,  was  the  first  person  who  publicly  dissected 
about  A.D.  1315,  and  published  anatomical  plates  of  the  human  body  ;  but  Vesaliua 
was  the  first  great  anatomist.  See  Dr.  Bostock,  p.  151.  Medical  diplomas  to  can- 
didates were  first  given  at  Salerno. 

t  Alkendi  was  styled  the  subtle  philosopher,  the  learned  physician,  and  the  Greek 
astrologer,  so  various  were  his  attainments.    Of  his  practical  knowledge  we  may 
£T}«$s,  when  we  know  that  he  regulated  the  doses  of  medicine,  and  explained  their  ope- 
ration by  musical  harmony,  and  geometrical  proportion ;  a  method aa  operandi, 
which  appears  by  Dr.  Bostock's  reference  to  have  had  some  patrons  in  Edinburgh  us 
hte  as  2731.    The  Arabian  doctors  appear  to  be  either  fanatics,  astrologers,  orma- 
rician*.    Medicine  rose  to  celebrity  under  Avissnna,  and  ended  in  Averroes.  They 
trst  described  *  mall-pox,  measles,  and  made  some  considerable  additions,  to  phar- 
macy, bv  adding  many  valuable  drugs  from  India,  and  other  parts  of  the  East.  The 
andor  Anglicanus,  the  hooping-congh,.and  sea-scurvy  first  appeared  in  the  14th  and 
15 to  century  ;  see  Bostock,  p.  140,  Ac.    The  small-pox  first  appeared  at  the  siege 
at  Mecca,  in  the  middle  of  the  sixth  century. 


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14 


Dr.  Bostock's  History  of  Medicine. 


[July, 


sense  and  insulted  humanity  asserted  their  forgotten  rights :  as  soon  as  phy- 
sicians were  graciously  allowed  to  marry,  they  got  out  of  the  church  as  fast 
as  they  had  got  in  j  the  unnatural  coalition  ended,  and  a  complete  separation 
from  the  clergy  commenced.    We  must  pass  over  the  new  set  of  vision- 
aries and  charlatans, who  now  appeared,  dark  indeed  in  outward  form,  with 
the  smoke  and  tarnish  of  the  furnace,  bnt  most  bright  and  brilliant  within,  with 
the  hopes  of  boundless  wealth,  and  a  joyous  immortality  j — we  mean  thr 
Alchemists  and  their  infatuated  followers,  and  principally  Paracelsus,  the 
great  prototype  of  mountebanks,  who  has  been  called  the  greatest  fool  of 
physicians,  and  the  greatest  physician  of  fools, and  who  burnt  all  the  volumes 
of  science  he  could  obtain,  crying  out,  '  Away  with  Greek,  Latin,  and  Ara- 
bian, away  with  them.'    The  school  of  the  Chemists,  who  were  opposed  to 
the  Galenists,  held  the  doctrine  that  the  living  body  is  subject  to  the  same 
chemical  laws  as  inanimate  matter,  and  that  all  the  phenomena  of  vitality 
may  be  explained  by  these  laws.    This  lasted  some  time.    More  en- 
lightened days,  however,  were  at  hand;  the  reign  of  Lorenzo  and  of  his 
successors  had  been  the  means  of  diffusing  intelligence  and  information 
over  their  own  country  and  others.    Medicine  arose  with  the  other  arts. 
Fabricius  of  Aquapendante  among  the  Italians,  Ambrose  Pare  in  France, 
and  afterwards  Linacre*  in  England — illustrious  names  even  in  modern 
days — both  by  their  writings  and  their  practice  diffused  the  most  impor- 
tant information,  and  ensured  its  continuance  by  the  endowment  of  the 
most  liberal  and  learned  institutions.    Linacre  founded  the  College  of 
Physicians  in  London,  from  which  has  arisen  Sydenham,  and  Freind,  and 
Arbuthuot,  and  a  long  list  of  illustrious  names  whose  fame  in  later  days 
has  been  supported  by  the  splendid  talents  and  solid  learning  of  a  Baker, 
a  Heberden,  and  a  Halford.    There  is  little  to  remark  on  the  progress  of 
the  Therapeutic  art,  till  we  arrive  at  the  illustrious  name  of  Stahl,f  who 
has  been  called  the  greatest  man  that  has  appeared  in  the  profession  since 
the  days  of  Hippocrates.    The  most  profound  and  able  writers  speak  of 
him  as  one  of  those  extraordinary  men  whom  nature  seems  to  produce 
from  time  to  time  for  the  noble  purpose  of  effecting  the  reform  of  the 
sciences — "  he  was  endowed  with  that  true  sagacity  which  enables  the 
mind  to  investigate  thoroughly  the  objects  of  research ;  and  with  that 
prudence  which  leads  it  to  pause  at  every  step,  in  order  to  consider  them 
in  all  their  different  aspects  ;  with  that  quickness  of  apprehension  and  com- 
prehensiveness of  understanding  which  embraces  them  in  their  combina- 
tions j  and  with  that  patience  in  observation  which  follows  them  through 
all  their  minute  details.    He  was  chiefly  distinguished  by  the  rare  talent 
of  tracing  analogies  and  points  of  comparison  between  the  most  ordinary 
phenomena  and  those  which  appear  most  unaccountable ;  by  the  aid  of 
which  it  is  frequently  possible  to  discover  the  immediate  cause  of  the 
latter,  and  thus  to  form  the  most  sublime  theories  upon  the  most  simple 
reasonings.    Stahl  undertook  to  accomplish  in  Medicine  what  he  had  be- 
fore effected  in  Chemistry.  He  had  been  educated  in  the  doctrines  of  Hip- 
pocrates, and  none  knew  better  than  he  did  the  improvements  they  were 
capable  of  deriving  from  the  observations  and  philosophical  views  of  the 
moderns.    He  perceived  that  the  first  thing  to  be  done  was  to  separate 
the  general  ideas,  or  principles  of  medical  science,  from  all  extraneous  hy- 
potheses; he  had  remarked  that,  as  medicine  employed  itself  upon  a  subject 


•  The  name  of  '  Caius'  should  not  be  overlooked. 

f  On  the  Chemical  and  Mechanical  Agency  sec  Bostock's  Obs.  p.  173—179. 


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1835.}  Dr.  Bostock  s  History  of  Medicine.  15 

governed  by  particular  laws,  the  study  of  no  other  object  in  nature  is 
capable  of  disclosing,  at  least  directly,  those  laws ;  and  that  the  application 
of  the  doctrines  which  have  been  most  firmly  established  in  other  branches 
of  science,  to  that  which  has  in  view  the  knowledge  and  slow  regulation 
of  the  animal  economy,  necessarily  becomes  the  source  of  the  most  per- 
nicious errors."  We  cannot  enter  into  the  merits  or  defects  of  the  Stahlian 
system,  which  has  been  treated  of  in  Dr.  Bostock's  work.    Cabanis  says 
'  that  Stahl  accomplished  in  medicine,  at  least  in  some  respects,  what 
Bacon  had  merely  pointed  oat,  and  that  the  reforms  which  have  been 
already  effected,  and  those  which  may  hereafter  be  accomplished,  in  the 
same  spirit,  must  be  ascribed  in  a  great  measure  to  this  extraordinary  man.' 
With  the  name  of  Stahl  should  be  associated  that  of  Van  Helinont,  a  man 
of  very  inferior  talents,  but  who  was  gifted  by  nature  with  a  glowing  ima- 
gination, aud  who  rushed  into  the  seductive  pursuits  of  alchemy,  bringing 
from  the  furnace  and  the  crucible  a  mind  inflamed  with  the  loftiest  aud 
wildest  projects,  and  most  visionary  hopes.    Yet  flashes  of  true  light  are 
seen  breaking  through  the  fumes  of  his  superstitious  labours  ;  as  it  is  said 
of  him,  that,  in  pursuing  the  path  of  error,  he  made  fortunate  discoveries,  and 
that  in  the  language  of  quackery,  he  announced  the  sublimest  truths.  The 
fame  of  H  of  man  chiefly  rests  on  the  distinct  manner  in  which  he  refers  to 
the  nervous  system,  and  the  influence  of  its  operations  on  the  phenomena 
of  life.    He  advanced  our  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  animal  economy,  and 
his  physiological  speculations  are  looked  to  with  respect ;  his  system  of 
solidtsm,  more  or  less  modified,  may  be  said  to  have  given  birth  to  the  prin- 
ciples taught  in  Edinburgh  and  Moutpelier.    The  humoral  pathology  was 
attacked  by  Baglivi.  who  placed  the  chief  cause  of  disease  in  the  altered 
condition  of  the  solids,  and,  by  drawing  attention  to  the  muscular  and  ner- 
vous system,  corrected  errors  which  had  lasted  from  the  days  of  Hippo- 
crates.   We  are  now  fast  descending  to  modern  times,  and  must  be  brief. 
When  Sydenham  appeared  as  a  physician,  the  art  was  still  confined  to  its 
scholastic  forms,  and  still  subservient  to  erroneous  systems  and  crude 
theories.    Sydenham  brought  it  back  to  the  path  of  experience  and  ob- 
servation.   The  friend  of  Locke,  for  such  he  was,  followed  the  footsteps 
of  Nature,  and  interpreted  her  voice  by  the  principles  of  philosophy,  which 
he  had  learned  from  his  illustrious  master.    His  Treatise  on  the  Gout  is 
regarded  as  a  masterpiece  of  description  ;  and  his  ideas  on  the  treatment  of 
epidemic  diseases,  in  which  he  followed  the  sketch  of  Hippocrates,  showed 
one  who  investigated  with  sagacity,  and  guided  his  researches  with  me- 
thod and  judgment.    In  its  leading  and  primary  purpose — its  practical 
application,  Sydenham  may  be  called  the  restorer  of  medical  science. 
The  next  great  discovery  was  one,  gleams  of  which  were  seen  above  the 
horizon  from  time  to  time  by  a  few  keen -sighted  and  thoughtful  observers, 
but  w  hich  had  never  been  decidedly  acknowledged.*    The  circulation  of 
the  blood,  which  has  immortalized  the  name  of  Harvey,  had  been  obscurely 
hinted  at  by  Servetus,  more  clearly  guessed  by  Varolius  and  Columbus, 
and  described  with  accuracy,  and  detailed  in  its  important  parts  by  Cxsal- 
pinus,  but  the  complete  demonstration  of  which  was  reserved  for  our 
countryman.    This  splendid  discovery  of  Harvey  gave  a  new  impulse  to 
the  medical  world  ;  and  as  philosophy  was  still  in  its  iufancy,  very  wild 


*  The  discovery  of  the  absorbent  system,  by  Apelli  and  Bartholine,  should  also 
be  mentioned.  Sec  Bostock,  p.  155. 


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1(5 


Dr.  Bostock's  History  of  Medicine. 


[July, 


and  untenable  theories  were  constantly  issuing  from  the  brains  of  its 
professors.  Some  thought  the  fluids  of  the  human  body  were  acids  and 
alkalies ;  others  explained  the  functions  of  the  organs  on  mathematical 
theories ;  others  on  hydraulic  principles ;  and  other  speculations  on  life 
were  formed  on  the  mechanical  laws  of  motion.    Fortuuatclv  for  the  ad- 

0 

vance  of  science,  at  this  time  appeared  the  learned,  profound,  and  illus- 
trious Boerhaave,  a  man  destined  to  effect  a  real  revolution  in  it. 
The  youth  of  Boerhaave  had  been  employed  in  the  cultivation  of  the  ma- 
thematical and  physical  sciences,  by  which  his  mind  had  gained  strength 
and  comprehensiveness,  and  he  had  acquired  a  habit  of  rigorous  discussion 
and  patient  research.    Then  it  was,  that,  to  earn  a  livelihood,  he  com- 
menced his  medical  career.    He  had  perused  the  writers  of  all  sects,  and 
of  all  ages  ;  he  had  analysed,  illustrated,  and  commented  on  their  works  ; 
all  their  opinions  were  familiar  to  him,  and  he  had  modified,  arranged,  and 
combined  them  in  that  luminous  order  for  which  he  was  distinguished. 
He  then  gave  to  the  world  his  Institutions  of  Medicine,  and  his  Aphorisms  ; 
two  of  the  most  concise,  and  at  the  same  time  comprehensive  works  which 
science  has  produced,  and  which  for  variety  of  matter  and  extent  of  views 
have  been  compared  to  those  of  the  illustrious  Bacon.   His  defects  seem  to 
consist  in  a  want  of  acute  and  practical  discernment  of  disease,  arising  perhaps 
from  the  late  period  of  life  in  which  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and 
from  a  reliance  on  his  chemical  knowledge,  which  in  common  with  others 
was  so  imperfect  and  erroneous.    It  is  said  that  in  the  late  period  of  his 
life  he  attached  less  importance  to  systems,  and  approached  nearer  to  the 
opinions  of  Hippocrates.  The  defect  of  Boerhaave's  system  appears  to  con- 
sist in  his  regarding  the  solids  too  much  as  mechanical  agents,  without 
taking  into  account  the  properties  which  separate  them  from  inanimate 
bodies  ;  but  he  was  a  learned  writer,  a  sagacious  observer,  a  wise  and  cor- 
rect practitioner;  and  his  illustrious  pupils,  Gaubius  and  Van  Swieten,  at 
once  formed  their  own,  and  sustained  their  master's  reputation  by  the 
talents  they  displayed,  and  the  high  honours  they  acquired.    Of  the  great 
Haller  we  are  obliged  to  speak  with  a  conciseness  ill  suited  to  a  survey  of 
his  splendid  talents,  and  almost  boundless  erudition.    His  patient  research 
and  acute  investigation  were  rewarded  with  the  establishment  of  the 
theory  of  irritation  and  sensibility,  as  properties  attached  to  the  nervous 
and  muscular  system.    His  principles  were  derived  from  experiment,  and 
his  Elements  of  Philosophy  are  considered  to  have  introduced  a  new  sra 
in  medical  science.    For  a  minute  account  of  this  illustrious  philosopher, 
we  refer  with  pleasure  to  Dr.  Bostock's  work.*     The  service  which 
Haller  rendered  to  Physiology  was  performed  by  Cullen  to  the  practice 
of  Medicine,  through  his  extensive  research  and  patient  observation.  His 
great  merit  is  shown  in  the  sagacity  and  diligence  with  which  he  de- 
scribed and  distinguished  the  phenomena  of  disease ;  he  was  equally 
cautious  in  theory,  as  decisive  in  practice.    His  general  principles  are 
deduced  from  materials  collected  by  bis  own  observations,  and  not  on  the 
eclectic  system  of  Boerhaave,  of  connecting  the  differeut  theories  into  one 
consistent  whole.    It  is  said  that  his  Physiology  and  Chemistry  are  not 
correct,  and  that  he  did  not  distinguish  between  the  powers  of  the 
muscles  and  nerves,  so  well  described  by  Haller;   but  his  pathology 
is  respected,  and  the  foundation  of  his  system,  formed  on  the  '  Vis 


»2  *  Vide  p.  197.  et  seq. 


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^•l  BostocVs  History  of  Medicine.  X7 

'Medicairix  NahtnE,,§  or  the  regulating  powers  of  life,  is  philosophi- 
cal and  just.     While  the  fame  of  Cullen  was  still  in  its  bloom,  and  his 
school  possessed  some  of  the  most  illustrious  and  intelligent  followers, 
there  arose  one  among  them  who  had  *  sate  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel/  but 
who,  from  some  accidental  pique  or  caprice,  turned  against  the  doctrines 
©£  his  master  ;  and  though  originally  bred  as  an  ecclesiastic,  astonished 
ibe  world  of  science  by  the  daring  boldness  of  the  theory  he  advanced, 
that  was  at  once  to  supersede  all  others,  and  form  as  it  were  a  safe  and 
brilliant  beacon  to  guide  the  practitioner  in  the  cure  of  all  disease.  This 
person  was  the  well  known  founder  of  the  Brunonian  system  which 
acquired  at  first,  from  the  plausibility  of  its  doctrines,  a  most  astonishing 
popularity.    *  The  general  principles  (says  Dr.  Bostock)  of  the  theory  are 
few  and  simple.    Broun  assumed  that  the  living  body  possesses  a  specific 
power  or  property  called  excitability  j  that  every  thing  which  affects  the 
kody,  acts  opon  this  power  as  an  excitement  or  stimulant ;  that  the  effect 
of  this  excitement  in  its  natural  state,  is  to  produce  the  healthy  condition 
of  the  functions,  when  excessive  it  causes  exhaustion,  termed  direct  debi- 
ditf  ;  when  defective,  it  produces  an  accumulation  of  excitement  termed 
indirect  debility.    All  morbid  action  is  conceived  to  depend  on  one  or 
other  of  these  states,  and  diseases  are  accordingly  arranged  in  two  great 
corresponding  classes,  of  sthenic  or  asthenic ;  while  the  treatment  is  solely 
directed  to  the  general  means  for  increasing  or  diminishing  the  excitement 
without  any  regard  to  specific  symptoms,  or  any  consideration  but  that  of 
degree,  or  any  measure  but  that  of  quantity.'    Dr.  Bostock  very  judi- 
ciously observes,  that,  however  plausible  and  alluring  such  doctrines  as 
these  may  be  (for  the  ice-palaces  of  theories  are  far  more  brilliant  and  im- 
posing than  the  plain  and  solid  masonry  of  practice),  they  could  not  be  for 
a  moment  entertained  by  any  one  who  had  studied  the  phaenomena  of  dis- 
ease, or  was  acquainted  with  the  intricate  and  complicated  relations  of  the 
functions  and  actions  of  the  living  system  j  it  shared  the  lot  therefore  of 
all  systems  built  on  so  unstable  a  basis.    While  the  '  Elementa  Medicine ' 
were  still  in  repute,  another  medical  theorist,  of  different  talents  and  ac- 
quirements indeed,  but  of  no  inferior  reputation,  drew  the  attention  of  the 
world  to  his  ingenious  discussion  on  the  Laws  of  Life.    The  Zoonomia, 
for  such  is  the  work  to  which  we  allude,  of  Darwin,  came  before  the  world 
in  all  the  brilliancy  of  scientific  splendour,  and  with  all  the  imposing 
grandeur  of  a  finished  and  elaborate  system.    It  showed  a  mind  furnished 
with  a  great  variety  of  acquirement,  endued  if  not  with  powerful,  yet  with 
talents  of  a  superior  class  ;  inventive,  ingenious,  and  fruitful  in  its  re- 
sources j  enrious  in  experimental  research,  familiar  with  medical  practice, 
and  more  than  usually  conversant  with  elegant  and  refinedliterature.   1  Dar- 
win was  enabled,'  says  Dr.  Bostock,  '  to  give  to  his  system  an  imposing 
aspect  of  induction  and  generalization.    His  speculations,  though  highly 
refined,  profess  to  be  founded  upon  facts ;  and  his  arrangement  and  clas- 
sification, although  complicated,  seems  consistent  in  all  its  parts.  No 
theory  which  bad  been  offered  to  the  public,  was  more  highly  elaborated, 
and  appeared  to  be  more  firmly  supported  by  experience  and  observation, 
while  every  adventitious  aid  was  given  to  it,  from  the  cultivated  taste  and 
extensive  information  of  the  writer.    Yet  the  Zoonomia  made  little  im- 


9  The  Vis  Medieatrix  of  Cullen,  differs  from  the  Arcfueus  of  Van  Helmont,  and 
the  Anima  of  Stahl,  as  It  is  supposed  not  to  be  a  thing  added  to  the  body,  but  one 
power  necessary  to  its  constitution. 

Gf.st.  Mac;.  Vol.  IV.  D 


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18  Bottoch's  History  of  Medkine.  [July, 

pression  on  public  opinion ;  its  leading  doctrines  rested  rather  on  meta- 
physical than  on  physical  considerations ;  its  fundamental  positions  were 
found  to  be  gratuitous ;  and  many  of  the  illustrations,  although  ingenious, 
were  conceived  to  be  inapplicable  and  inconclusive.  It  is  now  seldom  re- 
ferred to,  except  as  a  splendid  monument  of  fruitless  labour  and  misap- 
plied learning/  With  the  name  of  Darwin,  we  must  dose  our  considera- 
tion of  the  very  interesting  subject  before  us.  Dr.  Bostock  has  given  us 
an  account  of  the  state  of  medicine  subsequent  to  that  time,  in  France  and 
other  nations  of  Europe,  to  which  we  refer  our  readers.  Much  improve- 
ment has  taken  place  in  the  method  of  practice,  in  the  skilfnlness  of  ope- 
rations, and  in  the  materials  of  pharmacy.  Many  diseases  of  an  epidemic 
nature,  as  Cholera  or  Influenza,  that  have  assumed  an  alarming  form,  and 
swept  with  frightful  devastation  over  every  part  of  the  globe,  have  been 
examined  with  an  anxious  care  that  has  not  always  been  crowned  with 
proportional  success.  Journals  have  been  established  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
cording and  more  widely  circulating  the  interesting  events  of  individual  prac- 
tice. Medical  education  has  been  supplied  by  the  establishment  of  King's 
College  and  the  London  University,  with  a  course  of  instruction  complete  in 
all  its  parts.  Many  most  ingenious  inventions  have  been  formed  for  allaying 
the  torments  of  disease,  and  lessening  the  evils  which  accompany  a  long 
confinement.  The  present  treatment  of  the  gout,  compared  with  that 
which  existed  even  thirty  or  forty  years  since,  may  be  called  the  triumph 
of  modem  skill.  That  terrific  disease  the  stone  has  lost  much  of  its  former 
power.  The  small-pox  will  soon  be  known  only  as  one  of  those  scourges  of 
nature  that  has  passed  away ;  and  with  the  improved  cure  of  disease,  the 
important  subject  of  the  preservation  of  health  is  far  better  understood ; 
and  not  only  does  the  authority  of  the  medical  world,  but  the  undeniable 
proof  of  the  tables  of  the  annuity  offices  makes  evident,  that  the  result  of 
the  improvement  of  medical  knowledge  has  been  crowned  with  the  great 
object  which  it  sought  to  attain — the  more  frequent  alleviation  of  disease, 
and  the  iucreased  duration  of  human  life.  '  But  there  is  one  essential 
requisite/  Dr.  Bostock  concludes  his  work  by  saying,  *  without  which  the 
best  means  of  improvement  can  be  of  no  avail — a  mind  disposed  to  the  re- 
ception of  truth,  determined  to  follow  it,  wherever  it  may  lead  the 
inquirer,  united  to  a  high  sense  of  moral  obligation  which  may  induce  the 
medical  practitioner  to  bear  in  mind  that  his  profession  is  a  deposit  placed 
in  his  hands  for  the  benefit  of  mankind,  and  that  he  incurs  an  awful 
degree  of  moral  responsibility  who  abuses  this  sacred  trust,  or  diverts  it 
to  a  base  or  selfish  purpose.' 

ARCHITECTURAL  ANTIQUITIES  OF  NORMANDY. 

Ma.  Urban,  western  suburb  of  Rouen,  and  is,  with 

IN  continuation  of  my  former  pa-  the  exception  of  its  nave,  the  oldest 

pers  on  the  Antiquities  of  Normandy,  structure  still  existing,  and  one  of  the 

I  shall  in  this  give  some  account  of  earliest  religious  foundations  of  which 

the  Churches  of  St.  Gervais  at  Rouen,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Velocassian 

and  St  Vandrille  near  Caudebec ;  for  Gauls  can  boast.  The  crypt  and  apsis, 

the  purpose,  principally,  of  corrobo-  or  east  end,  are  its  most  interesting 

rating  the  opinion  now  so  generally  portions.    The  former  is  figured  and 

and,  I  think,  truly  entertained,  that  described  in  Cotman's  splendid  work;* 

the  distinguishing  features  of  Saxo-  but  the  editor,  without  assigning  to  it 

Norman  architecture  may  certainly  be  any  positive  date,  merely  states  that 

traced  to  Roman  prototypes.  it  was  built  before  the  eleventh  cen- 

The  church  of  St.  Gervais  is  situated   —  

on  a  gentle  eminence,  in  the  north-  *  Vol.  i.  p.  56. 


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Church  of  St.  Gerwaii  at  Rouen, 


19 


tury.  There   is  no  reason,  however, 
why  we  should  not  boldly  advocate, 
for  this  reverend  remain,  a  higher  date, 
ind  deem  it  really  the  holy  workman- 
ship of  St.  Victrix,  Archbishop  of 
Rouen,  A.D.  386,  who,  having  re- 
cm  ed  from  St.  Ambrose  some  rcliqucs 
of  tbe  martvred    St.  Gervais,  then 
founded  and  personally  assisted  (as 
he  himself  informs  us,  in  his  discourse 
Mde  laude  Sanctorum")  in  carrying 
the  stones  for  its  construction  on  his 
<y*n  proper  shoulders,  a  method  of 
mortifying  the  fl>sh  to  which  he  sub- 
mitted, with  a  view,  no  doubt,  of  add- 
ing, at  the  same  time,  to  the  sanctity 
of  this  his  favourite  endowment.  Mr. 
Hickman  says  this  crypt  was  construct- 
ed A.D.  350. 

The  only  part,  however,  of  the  pre- 
sent church  of  St.  Gervais  that  is  at- 
tributable to  the  piety  of  St.  Victrix, 
and  probably  the  whole  then  intended 
to  be  built,  is  the  above-named  sub- 
terraneous chapel ;  the  Christian  con- 
verts of  that  day  and  country  not 
daring  to  erect  more  lofty  edifices. 
Bat  by  whom,  and  when  the  super- 
structure was  raised,  is  not  precisely 
known.  It  was  granted  by  Duke  Ri- 
chard II.  A.  D.  1020,  to  Fecamp  Ab- 
bey, and  was  afterwards  attached  to 
St.  Peter's  at  Chartres;  but  in  the 
thirteenth  century  it  again  passed  to 
the  Abbots  of  Fecamp,  who  continued 
to  be  the  Priors  of  St.  Gervais,  until  it 
eventually  became  itself  an  independ- 
ent abbey. 

This  church,  or  one  of  its  apart- 
ments, was  the  death -place  of  the 
mighty  Conqueror  of  England,  in  the 
61  st  year  of  his  age,  on  the  9th  Sept. 
AD.  1067.  Having  been  dangerously 
injured  by  the  pommel  of  his  saddle 
at  the  burning  of  Mantes,  when  on 
his  way  to  Paris  with  an  intention  of 
revenging  an  insult  expressed  toward 
bim  by  Philip  King  of  France,  he 
caused  himself  to  be  conveyed  to  the 
Church  of  St.  Gervais,  *'  ad  ecclesiam 
Sancti  Gervasii and  there  "  in  domo 
son  sua,"  in  the  house  of  another, 
Ordericus  Vitalis  states,  and  not,  as 
by  some  said,  in  a  palace  at  the  Mont 
aax  Malades,  but  in  presence  of  the 
sacred  relics  of  Saint  Gervais,  did  this 
most  potent  hero  breathe  his  last, 

"  Deserted  in  his  utmost  need 
By  those  bis  former  bounty  fed." 


Even  in  the  grave  was  this  ambitious 

prince  exposed  to  ignominy ;  for  in 
1562,  when  Caen  was  sacked  by  the 
Protestant  troops  of  Chastillon,  the 
tomb  of  William  was  violated,  and  his 
bones  so  widely  scattered,  that  some 
of  them  were  again  brought  to  the 
theatre  of  his  grand  oppression,  Eng- 
land. 

But  we  must  now  proceed  with  the 
architectural  description  of  our  sub- 
ject, from  which  its  interesting  history 
has,  perhaps,  too  long  detained  us. 
Its  largest  portion  is  quite  modern,  in 
bad  taste,  or  rather  without  any  taste 
at  all,  being  as  plain  and  as  insipid  as 
slates  and  whitewash  can  render  it. 
The  semicircular  wall  of  the  east  end 
is,  however,  nearly  in  its  pristine  state, 
and  highly  instructive  as  a  specimen 
of  the  first  transition  from  the  Roman 
to  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture. 
This  wall  was  formerly  embellished 
with  engaged  columns,  which  time 
has  partly  worn  away,  but  of  which 
the  capitals  remain  in  sufficiently  in- 
telligible preservation,  and  are  of  al- 
most pure  Roman  Doric  and  Ionic 
forms.  Some  have  the  common  volutes 
at  their  angles;  one  has,  in  place  of 
these,  two  erected  eagles  with  dis- 
played wings;  and  another  has  an  up- 
right foliaged  capital,  somewhat  in 
Corinthian,  and  somewhat  in  the  Gothic 
taste.  These  capitals,  no  doubt,  ori- 
ginally had  an  horizontal  architrave  or 
cornice,  as  the  eaves  of  the  roof  are 
three  or  four  feet  higher  than  their 
abaci ;  and  the  intervening  masonry, 
though  much  abraded,  has  every  ap- 
pearance of  being  coeval  with  the 
shafts  and  capitals ;  but  it  affords  no 
traces  of  the  arched  forms  which  at  a 
later  period  sprung  directly  from  the 
capitals,  when  a  more  complete  deca- 
dence from  pure  Roman  had  ensued 
than  the  subject  now  before  us  demon- 
strates. 

The  crypt,  though  less  illustrative 
of  Gothic  architecture  than  the  wall 
just  described,  may  be  considered  an 
example  of  a  primitive  Christian 
church,  and  we  shall  therefore  notice 
it  with  the  particularity  it  merits.  It 
is  immediately  beneath  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  chancel,  from  which  it 
is  entered  through  a  trap-door  and 
down  a  narrow  flight  of  cight-and- 
twenty  steps  of  stone.  In  length  it  is 
35  ft.  by  14  ia  breadth,  and  15  in 


Digitized  by  Google 


?0  Ckurch  of  St.  Vandi 

height ;  the  roof  being  a  plain  semi- 
circular vault  of  small  sized  rag-stones ; 
and  its  east  end  is  also  semicircular. 
It  is  divided  into  two  unequal  parts, 
like  nave  and  choir,  by  a  plain  semi- 
circular and  very  massive  arch,  of 
which  the  soffit  stones  are  small  and 
rough,  badly  joined,  and  without  a 
regular  key-stone,  or  any  appearance 
of  stucco  or  the  opus  reticulatum  so 
frequent  in  true  Roman  temples.  This 
arch  springs  from  square  projecting 
abaci  on  great  square  pillars,  about 
8  feet  high,  which  are  made  up  of 
Roman  bricks  and  small  rag  stones. 
A  bench  of  large  slab-stones  is  at- 
tached to  all  the  walls  except  where  it 
is  interrupted  by  the  division  pillars, 
the  altar,  and  the  entrance  at  the  centre 
of  the  western  end.    This  entrance  is 
a  narrow,  lofty,  semicircular  arch, 
communicating  with  the  stair  above- 
mentioned,  and  was  apparently  the 
original  access  to  this  subterranean 
church.    On  the  north  and  south  sides 
near  the  west  end,  inarched  in  the 
thickness  of  the  walls,  are  the  tombs, 
rude  table  monuments  or  altars,  of 
the  two  first  Archbishops  of  Rouen, 
St.  Mellon  and  St.  Avitien  ;  and  pro- 
bably their  bones  still  moulder  under- 
neath, for  these  arches  were  piously 
blocked  up  during  the  period  of  Cal- 
vinistic  outrage,  and  rc-opened  to  the 
faithful,  A.D.  1723.   The  altar  is  of 
one  rough  stone,  about  eight  feet  in 
length,  and  covered  with  the  dust  of 
many  years,  as  arc  also  the  figures  of 
the  Virgin  and  Child,  and  other  rude 
embellishments  of  this  hermitage-like 
chapel.    The  only  light  admitted  to 
this  crypt  is  through  a  small  window 
at  its  eastern  end,  above  the  altar, 
which,  although  much  mutilated,  was 
oncesemicircularly  headed  and  straight 
sided.    So  dark,  however,  must  have 
been  this  chapel,  that  artificial  light 
was  absolutely  necessary  for  the  per- 
formance of  its  services,  and  possibly, 
from  this  necessity  arose,  in  some  de- 
gree, the  practice  of  employing  lights 
in  almost  every  ceremony  of  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  religion. 

Saint  Vandrille  is  a  little  village 
situated  in  a  valley  about  a  league 
from  Caudebec.  The  church  is  of 
that  early  Saxo- Norman  style  which 
has  been  lately  called,  from  its  simila- 
rity to  that  of  many  ancient  Christian 
churches  in  the  hoi y1  city,  Romanesque. 


ille,  near  Caudebec.  [J uly ; 

It  consists  of  a  nave  and  chancel,  with 

north  and  south  ailes,  a  short  north, 
and  south  transept,  and  a  low  square 
tower  at  their  intersection.  The  prin- 
cipal external  ancient  features  of  this 
building,  are  the  plain  fiat  chancel 
buttresses  terminating  in  a  plain  para- 
pet, supported  by  a  series  of  blocks — 
the  semicircular  apsis  of  the  south 
transept,  and  its  large  horizontal  torus 
at  the  base  of  its  window,  which  is 
scmichrcularly  headed  with  an  archi  - 
volt,  embellished  by  the  nail-head 
moulding.   The  windows  of  the  chan  - 
eel  and  of  the  west  end  are  semicircu- 
larly  headed,  those  of  the  chancel  be- 
ing the  most  spacious.   The  former 
door  -  way   was   also  semicircularly 
arched  ;  but  the  present  entrance,  and, 
the  eastern  window,  and  the  other 
windows,  are  innovations  of  the  four-, 
teenth  century,  and  the  buttresses  of 
the  ailea  are  in  the  various  forms  and 
situations  which  the  upholding  of  the 
fabric  has,  from  time  to  time,  made 
necessary. 

The  principal  internal  features  of 
the  church  at  St.  Vandrille,  are  strongly 
tinctured  with  a  Roman  origin,  consi- 
dering that  it  must  still  be  deemed  a 
Gothic  structure.  The  columns  of  the 
nave  are  cylindrical  and  of  classical 
proportions,  being  slenderer  than  those 
of  a  subsequent  era,  although  some 
antiquaries  have  estimated  the  anti- 
quity of  Gothic  columns  in  the  direct 
ratio  of  their  comparative  diameters 
with  their  height.    The  bases  of  these 
columns  have  the  claw  ornament  so 
characteristic  of  their  style.   The  ca- 
pitals closely  resemble  the  Ionic  order, 
except  that  their  volutes  are  much 
smaller,  and  their  abacuses  shallower, 
but  they  have  a  well-marked  neck  and 
astragal  of  Roman  form.  The  columns 
of  the  tower  are  lower  than  the  others, 
and  support  pointed  arches;  but  all 
the  other  arches  are  semicircular,  and 
have  their  several  soffits  adorned  with 
square  sunk  pannels,  in  each  of  which 
are  five  rosettes.    The  columns  of  the 
chancel  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
nave ;  but  they  have  also,  upon  their 
chancel  side  or  aspect,  three  shafts 
attached,  which  run  up  higher  than 
the  Ionic  capitals,  and  support  the 
transverse  and  diagonal  ribs  of  the 
chancel  vaulting,  which  are  embel- 
lished at  their  intersections  with  bosses 
of  small  human  heads,  and  lambs. 


Digitized  by  Googl 


1835.] 

The  south  transept  U  in  similar  style 
to  the  nave  and  chancel ;  but  the  north- 
ern transept  has  pointed  arches  spring- 
ing from  slender  shafts  attached  to  the 
v*U,  and  from  brackets  of  a  Roman 
form  'which  are   adorned  with  ara- 
besque*.   The  font  is  probably  coeval 
sith  the  Church*  and  stands  upon  one 
stoat  central  column,  and  eight  sur- 
rounding slender  shafts. 
The  ruined  abbey  of  Fontenelle  is 
to  the  parish  church  just  de- 
it  has  been  despoiled  long 
since  for  the  erection  of  a  palace  of 
the  Archbishops  of  Rouen,  which  was 
partially  destroyed  at  the  Revolution, 


reducere.  Medicandum,  h.  e.  rum  so* 
num.  Vet.  Schol.  Egentem  scilicet 
Hellebore." 

In  1711*  Dr.  Bentley,  that  "first 
critic  whom  a  scholar  would  wish  to 
consult  in  adjusting  the  text  of  Ho- 
race," came  out  with  his  memorable 
edition ;  and  if  I  were  set  to  justify 
the  splendid  character  here  quoted  of 
him  from  Dr  Parr,  I  don't  know  that 
a  more  decisive  proof  could  by  speci- 
be  given  of  his  critical  superiority 


Much  of  its  splendour  yet  remains, 
and  its  history  has  been  published  by 
M.  Langiois  of  Rouen,  whose  talents 
as  a  draughtsman  are  equal  to  his 
learning 


No.  V. 

IN  the  Review  department  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  June,  pp. 
637 the  late  edition  of  Professor 
Anthon's  Horace  from  Doering's  text 
printed  in  this  country,  has  afforded 
to  the  Reviewer,  J.  M.,  opportunity  to 
start  his  own  idea  for  the  restoration 
of  what  he  terms  a  corrupt  passage  in 
Horace  ;  and  he  calls  on  the  author 
of  JhratiuM  Rettitutus  to  pronounce 
his  judgment  on  the  passage  so  re- 


The  old  reading  stood  thus,  I  E, 
xvi.  39.  40. 

Falsa*  honor  juvat,  et  mendax  infamia 

tenner., 

As  early  as  in  the  year  1 578,  Cruquius, 
on  the  authority  of  MSS.  scrupled  not 
to  substitute  medicandum  in  the  text 
instead  of  mendacem,  supplying  at  the 
same  time  a  clear  and  sufficient  expo- 
sition of  the  advantage  of  sense  afforded 
by  the  new  reading  over  the  old. 

In  1/01,  onr  own  Baxter  was  the 
first  editor  who  followed  Cruquius  in 
adopting  medicandum.    The  following 
a  a  very  good  sample  of  bis  better 
srjfe  of  criticism. 

"  Mendosum  et  Mendacem  cacozelon 
est  Horatio  indignum :  quare  non  du- 
bitavimus  com  Craquii  MSS.  ct  veteri 
iattrpreU  medicandum  in  su&m  sedem 


than  in  his  note  on  this  very  passage. 
His  masterly  talent  is  devoted  to  the 
defence  against  Torrentius  and  the 
complete  illustration  of  the  reading 
vxedx couduM  The  demonstration  is  to 
my  mind  as  solid  as  it  is  luminous. 

First  of  all  then,  let  J.  M.  be  ad- 
vised to  bestow  another  perusal  on 
that  powerful  note,  and  with  increased 
attention  too ;  before  he  again  speaks 
of  the  passage  in  the  reading  approved 
by  Cruquius,  Baxter,  Bentley,  Cun- 
ingham,  and  Gesaer,  as  "  most  cor- 
rupt," and  one  "  that  has  defied  the 
learning  and  ingenuity  of  all  the  com- 

Hi  GO    to  1*8 » 

Secondly,  as  an  improvement  on  the 
old  lection,  mendatum  et  mendacem,  had 
we  nothing  else  from  any  quarter  pro- 
posed, J.  M.  might  take  the  contpn* 
ment  due  to  his  ingenuity  for  a  very 
plausible  emendation  in  ventoeum  et 
mendacem;  that  is,  so  far  as 
might  contribute  to  abate  the  ci 
by  Baxter  justly  condemned. 

But  thirdly,  J.  M.  must  not  forget, 
that  he  proceeds  per  mltum  over  some 
sixty  years  of  interval  or  more,  if 
from  the  meaning  of  a  term  like  ven- 
fentf  in  Seneca  he  would  pats  back  at 
once,  and  assume  the  similar  accep- 
tation for  it  when  proposed  ex  ingenio 
in  Horace* 

That  poet  has  himself  used  the  word 
ventosu*  four  several  times :  let  us  see 
in  what  usage. 

In  its  literal  sense,.  4  C.  iv.  45-6, 
more  ventosum,  wind-tost,  liable  with 
every  wind  to  change  its  state. 

To  the  metaphorical  sense,  1  E.  xiit 
37,  ventote  plebu,  fickle  and  change- 
able as  if  it  shifted  with  every  wind, 
Tully  may  seem  to  have  preluded  in 
the  well  known  passage  Pro  Murena, 

(Quod  enhn  fretum  tot  motes, 

tantas,  tarn 

tationcs  ftuctuum,  quanta* 


•  C  the  first  letter  of  Car  rain*. 


Digitized  by  Google 


22  Portraits  on  the  Coins  of  the  Caears.  (July, 


tiones  et  quantos  eestus  habet  ratio 
comitiornm  ?)  as  well  as  by  the  phrase 
popularis  aura,  which,  like  many  other 
phrases  belonging  to  civil  life,  Horace 
had  in  common  with  Cicero. 

Again,  we  find  the  epithet  in  a  si- 
milar application,  2E.  i.  177*  ventoso 
Gloria  curru,  where  the  fickleness  of 
such  Glory  is  by  an  easy  metonymy 
attributed  to  her  car. 

But  Horace,  in  the  notion  of  fickle, 
humorous,  capricious,  has  also  applied 
the  term  personalty  to  himself.  1  E. 
viii.  12,  Roma?  Tibur  amem,  ventosus, 
Tibure  Romam. 

Now  I  assert  that  none  of  these  ac- 
ceptations will  suit  that  meaning  of  wn- 
tosus,  combined  with  mendax  in  Seneca, 
for  which  J.  M.  ex  emendatione  would 
into  the  text  of  Horace  introduce  it ; 
inasmuch  as  the  use  of  ventosus  so  com* 
bined  is  to  mark  the  specific  character 
of  the  braggart  alone,  comprehending 
no  other  whatsoever.  Ventosus  as  a 
personal  attribute  in  the  sense  of  loud, 
noisy,  boastful,  is  elsewhere  unknown 
to  Horace  ;  and  in  the  passage  before 
us,  it  is  a  general,  not  &  specific  charac- 
ter, that  is  demanded  by  the  context. 

Let  the  reader  therefore  judge,  from 
the  sentence  of  Seneca  here  more 
fully  quoted/  how  little  relevant  the 
quotation  of  J.  M.  can  be  considered 
to  any  purpose  of  illustrating  Horace. 
•  "  Fugere  itaque  debebit  [iracundus] 
omnes,  quos  irritaturos  iracundiam 
sciet.  Qui  sunt,  inquis,  isti  r  Multi 
ex  variis  causis  idem  facturi ;  offendet 
te  superbus  contemptu,  dives  contu- 
melia,  pctulans  injuria,  lividus  malig- 
nitate,  pugnax  contentione,  ventosus 
et  mendax  vanitate.  Non  feres  a  sus- 
picioso  timeri,  a  pert  in  ace  vinci,  a  de- 
licato  fastidiri,"  &c.  &c.  Senecee  de 
Ira,  1.  iii.  c.  viii.  ex  ed.  J.  Fr.  Gro- 
novii.  Elzevir,  1649,  V.  i.  pp.  65,  66. 

16th  June.  H.  R. 


Mr.  Urban,  June  12. 

IT  has  been  observed  by  a  favourite 
English  author,*  that  tne  first  and 
most  obvious  use  of  Ancient  Medals,  is 
the  showing  us  the  Portraits  of  indi- 
viduals who  are  conspicuous  in  his* 
tory  ;  and  that  the  principal  charm  in 
numismatic  studies,  consists  in  the 
contemplation  of  the  features  of  those 
who  are  celebrated  for  their  virtues  or 
notorious  for  their  vices.   There  are, 

*  Addison. 


however,  many  who  regard  the  Por- 
traits on  Medals  as  the  least  instruc- 
tive, and,  disdaining  the  effigy  of  the 
Emperor,  turn  to  the  reverse,  which 
records  his  victories,  his  vanity,  or  his 
munificence. 

Upon  these  designs  we  have  many 
learned  commentaries,  whilst  the  ob- 
verses have  been  frequently  neglected 
by  numismatic  writers,  although  col— 
lections  of  portraits  have  been  highly 
valued  in  all  civilized  countries,  even 
by  those  who  were  not  attached  to 
antiquarian  studies. 

Some  early  authors  give  indifferent 
representations  of  the  heads  on  the 
coins  of  those  Emperors  of  whom  they 
furnish  biographical  notices,  but  scarce- 
ly ever  make  anv  remarks  on  the  fea- 
tures  exhibited.    It  will,  however,  be 
found  that  the  countenance  of  the  de- 
spot, as  delineated  on  his  medals,  ge- 
nerally accords  with  the  descriptions 
furnished  by  the  ancient  historians. 
Visconti,  in  his  "  Iconographie  Ro- 
maine,"  (a  work  which,  unfortunately 
for  the  antiquary,  he  did  not  live  to 
complete,)  has  devoted  some  chapters 
to  the  portraits  found  on  consular 
coins ;  but  his  attributions  appear  to 
me  to  be  sometimes  fanciful ;  for  in- 
stance, he  tells  us  that  the  head  on 
the  remarkable  coins  of  the  Gens  Mem- 
mia,  recording  the  celebration  of  the 
first  Cerialia,  is  that  of  Romulus ;  but 
there  does  not  appear  to  exist  any 
sufficient  authority  for  such  an  hypo- 
thesis.  The  same  writer  attributes  to 
the  founder  of  Rome  the  head  on  a 
coin  or  rather  medalet,  of  probably 
the  time  of  the  Antonines.    It  bears 
a  bearded  head  crowned  with  water- 
weeds,  and  is  doubtless  intended  for  that 
of  a  river  god — perhaps  for  the  Tiber. 
On  the  coins  of  Roman  families,  we 
have,  however,  several  portraits  of  un- 
doubted authenticity,  although  some 
of  them  are  so  rude  as  to  leave  a 
suspicion   as    to  their  being  very 
accurate  likenesses.     Of  these  the 
head  of  Tatius  Sabinus  and  the  Con- 
sul Postumius  may  be  cited  as  ex- 
amples ;  but  the  heads  of  Ancus  and 
of  Numa  may  be  considered  accurate 
portraits  of  the  Roman  raonarchs. 
The  Denarii  of  Pompey  bear  a  por- 
trait which  agrees  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  Plutarch ;  though  on  some  of 
them  the  features  are  very  clumsily, 
and  indeed  grotesquely  executed ;  but 
these  may  have  been  the  performance 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 

ofuaskilful  moneyers  in  the  Spanish 
colonies.    On  those  of  better  fabric 
the  portrait  is  good,  the  hair  rises  on 
the  forehead  as  described  by  the  his- 
torian, who  «ays  it  curled  naturally, 
and  there  is  in  the  countenance  an  ex- 
pression which  accords  with  our  re- 
ceived notions  of  this  great  man. 

Of  the  portrait  of  Lepidus,  which  is 
found  on  his  denarii,  little  can  be  said, 
except  that  it  is  badly  executed,  but  still 
highly  characteristic,  being  very  inex- 
pressive and  unintelligent.  His  treat- 
ment by  Caesar's  successor,  and  his 
tamely  submitting  to  such  treatment, 
excites  our  surprise,  after  reading  that 
he  formed  one  of  the  Triumvirate 
with  Augustus  and  Antony ;  but,  per- 
haps, the  subtle  policy  of  the  former 
discovered  the  advantage  of  having 
in  his  interest  one  who  was  so  readily 
moulded  to  his  will. 

The  account  which  Suetonius  gives 
of  Julius  Caesar  is  verified  by  his  me- 
dals, which  represent  him  without 
beard,  bald,  with  an  arched  neck,  and 
with  a  wreath  of  laurel  round  his 
head;  a  portrait  which  it  would  be 
impossible  to  confound  with  any 
other.  The  personal  beauty  of  Caesar 
has  been  extolled  by  the  ancient  his- 
torians. Among  others,  Vellius  Pa- 
terculus  describes  him  as  "  forma  om- 
nium civium  excellentissimus ; "  but 
there  is  nothing  in  the  portraits  of  the 
Dictator  which  have  come  down  to  us, 
to  warrant  such  extravagant  praises. 

The  next  portrait  is  that  of  Augus- 
tus, the  boyish  countenance  of  Octa- 
vim*  being  destitute  of  expression,  and 
unworthy  of  notice  as  a  likenrss.  The 
large  brass  coins  of  this  Emperor, 
with  the  head  of  Julius  Caesar  on  the 
reverse,  bear  a  portrait  answering  in 
every  respect  to  the  description  of 
Suetonius,  who  tells  us  that  Augustus 
was  very  careless  with  his  hair,  fre- 
quently permitting  several  persons  to 
cut  it  at  the  same  time,  while  he  read 
or  wrote ;  and  sometimes  clipped,  at 
others,  shaved  his  beard.    The  por- 
trait on  the  coin  in  question  has  rag- 
ged hair,  and  an  untrimroed  beard. 
But  the  heads  on  his  denarii  differ 
materially  from  those  just  described. 
We  ieara  from  the  same  author,  that 
Augustus  piqued  himself  upon  his 
fin  tied  likeness  to  Apollo;  and  it 
would  appear  from  these  coins,  that 
(littery  took  advantage  of  this  abomi- 


nable vanity.  On  the  denarii  he  is 
always  represented  without  beard,  and 
with  a  cast  of  countenance  more  re- 
sembling that  of  an  ideal  portrait  than 
of  a  living  personage. 

We  find  what  may  be  considered 
authentic  portraits  on  the  well-exe- 
cuted coins  of  Tiberius.  Suetonius 
says,  that  the  hair  of  this  tyrant  grew 
down  his  neck—"  Capillo  pone  occi- 
pitium  submissiore,"  and  on  his 
coins  this  is  particularly  observable; 
indeed,  the  historian  speaks  of  it  as  a 
peculiarity  in  the  Cesar  family. 

Many  coins  of  Caligula  bear  very 
noble  portraits,  utterly  at  variance 
with  the  account  of  Suetonius,  who 
says  that  his  countenance  was  unpre- 
possessing, and  that  he  endeavoured 
to  render  it  frightful.  Here  flattery 
was  again  upon  the  alert ;  but  nume- 
rous coins  of  this  Emperor  in  middle 
brass  bear  a  portrait  of  a  very  different 
description :  the  nose  is  turned  up, 
and  there  is  an  expression  in  the  fea- 
tures at  once  forbidding  and  malig- 
nant. 

There  is  little  variation  in  the  heads 
on  the  coins  of  Claudius.  The  con- 
templation of  the  portrait  of  this  Em- 
peror by  the  physiognomist  or  phre- 
nologist, would  throw  either  into  rap- 
tures. The  expression  of  the  face  is 
vacant  and  unintellectual ;  and  the 
head  would  be  said  by  phrenologists 
to  want  energy.  Two  busts  of  Claudius 
in  the  Musee  Royal  at  Paris  are  re- 
markable for  the  same  want  of  intellec- 
tual expression. 

Many  of  the  coins  of  Nero,  struck 
when  he  was  Caesar,  have  a  youthful 
head,  in  which  may  be  traced  a  strong 
likeness  to  his  predecessor.  It  would 
be  difficult  to  ascertain  if  this  was  in 
consequence  of  the  prince's  then  per- 
sonal resemblance  to  Claudius,  or 
whether  the  artists  employed  in  the 
Roman  mint  were  desirous  of  paying 
him  a  compliment  by  giving  him  the 
features  of  the  Emperor.  Small  brass 
coins  of  Nero,  struck  in  some  of  the 
Greek  cities,  bear  very  well  executed 
portraits  of  him  when  Caesar  ;  and  in 
these  may  be  traced  the  same  resem- 
blance to  Claudius.  It  is,  however, 
on  the  coins  of  Nero  struck  during  his 
reign,  that  we  find  a  portrait  answer- 
ing to  the  description  of  that  given  by 
Suetonius.  This  author  says  that 
Nero  at  one  time  followed  the  effemU 


Portraits  on  the  Coins  of  the  Casars. 


Digitized  by  Google 


Portraits  on  the  Coins  of  the  Casars. 


nate  fashion  of  having  his  hair  cut  in 
rings  ■  ■**  Coraam  semper  in  gradus  for- 
roatum."  This  style  of  hair-dressing 
is,  however,  not  observable  on  his 
Latin  coins ;  bat  on  those  of  colonial 
fabric  struck  at  Corinth  before  his 
accession  to  the  empire,  we  have  a 
portrait  with  the  hair  cut  in  that 
manner. 

The  countenance  of  Galba  is  mi- 
nutely described  by  the  biographer  of 
the  Ccesars,  who  observes  that  his 
forehead  was  bald  and  that  his  nose 
was  hooked,  traits  most  distinctly 
marked  in  the  portraits  on  his  money. 
A  bust  of  this  Emperor,  preserved  in 
the  Musee  Royal,  may  be  recognized  by 
its  resemblance  to  that  impressed  on 
his  coins. 

Suetonius  remarks,  that  the  counte- 
nance and  person  of  Otho  did  not  in- 
dicate the  resolution  with  which  he 
performed  in  the  last  scene  of  his 
struggle  for  the  empire.  He  was  a 
man  of  effeminate  habits  and  appear- 
ance, says  the  historian;  beardless, 
and  bald  j  the  first  he  encouraged  in 
his  youth,  the  latter  he  concealed  by 
wearing  a  peruke.  The  portraits  on 
his  Latin  coins  agree  with  this  de- 
scription, and  are  of  a  totally  different 
character  to  those  of  the  other  Cae- 
sars. The  peruke,  with  which  he  is 
always  represented,  appears  to  have 
been  formed  in  circles,  a  mark  of  effe- 
nancy  and  dandyism  in  those  days. 

Vitellius  follows ;  and  it  would  be 
difficult  to  find  a  bust  so  characteristic 
as  that  which  his  coins  bear.  The 
huge  face,  small  head,  short  neck,  and 
bloated  features,  are  expressive  of  the 
sensuality  and  cruelty  which  marked 
the  brief  reign  of  the  imperial  glutton. 

Few  persons  can  be  unacquainted 
with  the  strongly  marked  counte- 
nance of  Vespasian,  whose  features 
were  well  calculated  for  representation 
in  profile.  The  coarse  joke  of  a  jester 
on  his  peculiarity  of  visage  is  preserved 
by  Suetonius,  but  will  not  bear  repe- 
tition here.  Hi*  coins  testify  the  ge- 
neral accuracy  of  the  historian. 

The  portraits  on  the  coins  of  Titus, 
and  on  those  of  Doraitian,  when  he 
succeeded  to  the  empire*  resemble  that 
of  their  father;  but  it  is  somewhat 
remarkable,  that  later  coins  of  Domi- 
tian have  a  bust  of  much  nobler  cha- 
racter, with  a  long  and  graceful  neck. 
Suetonius  says  that  his  person  was 


comely.  He  Bays  the  same  of  Titus, 
whom,  however,  he  describes  as  some- 
what short  of  stature  and  inclined  to 
corpulency,  while  Domitian,  on  the 
contrary,  was  tall  and  stately.  This 
discrepancy  in  the  portraits  of  Domi- 
tian may  be  attributed  to  the  desire 
of  the  artists  of  the  period  to  represent 
him  as  like  as  possible  to  his  brother, 
a  prince  whose  virtues  had  endeared 
him  to  the  people.  This  was  a  descrip- 
tion of  flattery  very  frequently  prac- 
tised in  the  Roman  mint  j  but  Domi- 
tian, we  are  told,  was  exceedingly 
vain  of  his  personal  appearance ;  and 
it  is  probable  that  this  depraved  Em- 
peror preferred  stamping  on  his  coins 
a  portrait  of  more  graceful  appearance 
than  that  which  his  subjects  had  per- 
haps learned  to  regard  with  venera- 
tion, on  account  of  its  resemblance  to 
one  whose  amiable  qualities  appeared 
to  advantage,  in  an  age  when  the 
rapine,  sensuality,  and  cruelty  of  the 
Roman  Emperors  had,  from  their  fre- 
quency, ceased  to  excite  the  disgust 
and  horror  of  their  subjects. 

Should  the  foregoing  brief  remarks 
on  the  imagines  of  "  the  Twelve  Cae- 
sars," prove  at  all  interesting  to  your 
numerous  readers,  I  shall,  at  a  future 
opportunity,  proceed  to  a  review  of 
the  portraits  on  the  coins  of  their 
successors. 

Yours,  &c.       J.  Y.  Akbbman. 


THE  HOW.  BAND  OF  OBNTLKMKN 

pbnsionehs. 

Mr.  Urban, 

THE  designation  of  this  once  splen- 
did appendage  of  royalty,  has  recently 
undergone  a  change,  on  the  ground  of 
there  being  something  derogatory  in 
their  former  appellation. 

I  will,  with  your  permission,  give 
a  slight  sketch  of  the  formation*  and 
original  constitution  of  this  corps,  by 
which  it  will  appear  that  its  members 
have  been  known  as  the  "  Pen- 
sioners," or  "  Gentlemen  Pensioners,'* 
ever  since  the  reign  of  King  Henry 
the  Eighth,  and  that  their  title  was 
never  considered  derogatory,  although 


•  44  An  Historical  Account  of  the  Hon. 
Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners,"  forms 
the  Second  Part  of  Curialia,  by  Samuel 
Pegge,  Esq.  4to.  1784. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Notices  of  the  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners. 


25' 


the  band  long  consisted  of  members 
of  the  first  families  in  England. 

This  band,  known  at  first  by  the 
appellation  of  "  Tfte  King's  Spears," 
owes  its  origin    to  the  magnificent 
taste  of  King  Henry  the  Eighth,  who, 
in  making  this  addition  to  the  splen- 
dour of  his  Court,  seems  to  have  taken 
the  idea  from  the  institution  of  the 
Yeomen  of  the  Guard,  by  his  father, 
although  the  motives  of  the  two  mo- 
narch* differed  widely.* 

The  characteristic  magnificence  of 
their  founder  was  conspicuous  in 
their  organization.  They  consisted  at 
first  of  fifty  noblemen  and  gentlemen, 
called  the  "  King's  Spears ;"  each  of 
whom  was  attended  by  a  demilauncer, 
'who  was  a  gentleman,)  an  archer, 
and  a  custrel,  or  horse-boy ;  they  had, 
besides,  thr.ee  led  destriers,  or  war- 
horses.  The  following  account  of 
their  institution  and  appointments  is 
taken  from  Hairs  Chronicle,  vol.  ii. 
fol.  6. 

"  Also  this  yere,  [viz.  1509,  1 
Hen.  VIII.]  the  kyng  ordeined  fi/tie 
gentlemenne  to  bee  speres,  euery  of 
them  to  haue  an  archer,  a  demi- 
launce,  and  a  custrel  1 ;  and  euery 

*  "  These  thynges  thus  passed,"  [viz. 
the  appointment  of  a  Privy  Council,  and 
other  arrangements  of  affairs  of  state,  by 
Henry  VII.  in  the  1st  year  of  his  reign.] 
41  Albeyt,  that  apparauntly  all  thynges 
*emed  to  be  reduced  to  a  good  poynte, 
and  set  in  a  sure  steye:  Kynge  Henry 
beyng  made  wyse  and  expert  with  trou- 
bles and  myschiefes  before  past,  reniem- 
bred  that  yt  was  wisdome  to  fcare  & 
pronide  for  the  crafty  wyles  and  lurkyng 
trap  pes  of  his  secret  enemyes,  remem- 
bryng  all  me*  for  the  moost  parte  em- 
brued  &  esercysed  in  plantyng  of  dial- 
sioa  and  sowynge  dissencion,  can  not 
iightdy  leaue  their  pestiferous  appetite 
&  sedicioas  occupacion.    Wherefore,  for 
the  safeguard  and  preaemation  of  his 
o«ne  bodye,  he  constituted  &  ordeyned 
a  certayn  numbre  as  well  of  good  archers 
«  of  diuerse  other  persons  beinge  hardy, 
rtronre,  and  of  agilitie,  to  geue  dailye 
*ttendaance  on  his   person,  whom  he 
tamed  Yomen  of  his  Garde,  whiche  pre- 
sident men  thought  that  he  learned  of 
the  Frenche  king  when  he  was  in  Frau'ce : 
for  men  remembre   not  any  Kyng  of 
England  before  that  tyme  whiche  vsed 
«rc£  a  /urnyture  of  daily  souldyours." 
Hall  s  Chron.  1542.    vol.  2.  fo.  iii.  1 

fl«  ni.  .  , 

Gist.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


spere  to  haue  three  greate  horses,  to' 
bee  attendaunt  on  his  persone,  of  the 
which  bande  the  Erie  of  Essex  was 
Lieuetenant,    and  Sir  John  Pechie. 
Capitain;  who  endured  but  awhile, 
the  apparell  and  charges  were  so 
greate ;  for  there  were  none  of  theanr 
but  thei  and  their  horses  were  ap- 
parelled and  trapped  in  clothe  of 
golde,  silver,  and  goldesmithes  worke, 
and  their  servaunts  richely  appareled- 
also.'*. 

Thus  it  appears  the  enormous  ex- 
pense attending  thi*B  office,  (for  which 
I  do  not  find  that  they  received  any- 
remuneration,)  caused  the  dissolution 
of  the  band,  as  originally  constituted. 
They  were  soon  remodelled,  however, 
and  though  still  consisting  of  nobles 
and  knights  of  the  leading  families  of 
the  kingdom,  they  received  a  pension 
towards  defraying  the  necessary  ex- 
penses. 1  am  unable  to  affix  the  ex- 
act date  to  this  change,  but  in  a  con- 
temporary MS.  account  of  the  coro-v 
nation  of  Edw.  VI.  I  find  frequent 
mention  of  the  *'  Pensioners"  in  the 
processions  and  other  ceremonies, 
without  any  remark  or  explanation, 
which  would  argue  that  the  name  and 
office  were  not  very  recent. 

Uuder  Queen  Mary  there  are  fre- 
quent notices  of  this  body  collectively, 
but  I  have  not  met  with  any  parti- 
cular account  of  them. 

Under  Queen  Elizabeth  they  were 
in  high  estimation,  and  consisted-  en- 
tirely of  nobility  and  gentry  of  the 
best  families.  Indeed,  serving  the 
Queen  as  a  Pensioner,  was  an  object 
of  ambition  to  the  young  men  of  the 
highest  distinction.  Sir  John  Hol- 
ies, of  Houghton,  co.  Notts.  Knt. 
afterwards  Earl  of  Clare,  used  to  say, 
that  while  he  was* a  Pensioner  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  "  he  did  not  know  a 
worse  man  than  himself  in  the  whole 
band,"  and  he  was  then  in 
of  j£4,000  per  annum. 

Under  King  James  I.  and  his  son 
Charles  I.  the  Gentlemen  Pensioners 
do  not  seem  to  have  numbered  so 
many  men  of  high  rank  in  their  band, 
as  under  the  virgin  Queen,  who  is 
well  known  to  have  taken  the  greatest 
pains  to  fill  all,  even  the  subordinate 
places  in  her  household,  from  the 
flower  of  the  gentry.  •  . 

They  still,  however,  continued  in 

E 


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26  Gentlemen  Pensioners,  or  Gentlemen  at  Arms.  [July, 


high  repute,  and  that  they  were  jea- 
lous of  the  honour  of  their  station,  as 
belonging  to  pure  gentry,  will  appear 
from  the  subjoined  award  of  the  Earl 
Marshall  in  1632. 

By  this  it  appears  that  the  band 
took  exceptions  to  the  appointment  of 
Master  George  Baker,  on  the  ground 
that  he  was  no  gentleman.    It  need 
hardly  be  explained  that  this  charge 
did  not  then  imply  the  censure  un- 
derstood by  such  an  expression  at  the 
present  day.    It  had  no  reference  to 
the  personal  qualifications  of  the  in- 
dividual, but  merely  implied  that  he 
was  not  "  0  gentleman  of  blood  and 
coat  armour;"  or,  as  the  French  he- 
ralds express  it,  "  ten  ancien  genteU 
homme,"  or  gentleman  of  ancient  de- 
scent.   It  is  quite  evident  that  Master 
George  Baker  was  (in  the  phrase  of 
the  present  day)  "moving  in  good  so- 
ciety," for  I  find  that  he  was  at  this 
time  married  to  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir 
Robert  Hutton,  Knt.  one  of  the  Jus- 
tices of  the  Common  Pleas,  which,  in 
times  when  fashion  had   not  sup- 
planted rank,  would  have  been  con- 
sidered a  rather  high  connection.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  result  of  this 
solemn  investigation  was  favourable  to 
Mr.  Baker,  and  that  he  established  his 
gentry. 

Lansdowne  MSS.  873.  fo.  69. 

41  Whereas  exceptions  hath  lately  been 
taken  by  some  of  his  Majesty's  Gentle- 
men Pensioners,  that  Mr.  George  Baker, 
newly  admitted  of  that  Band,  was  no  gen* 
tleman,  and  therefore  unfit  to  serve  his 
Majesty  in  that  place  of  that  nearness, 
being  of  that  eminence  and  that  credit, 
upon  hisMajesty's  special!  co'mand  given 
in  that  behalf,  I  haye,  calling  unto  me,  as 
assistants,  the  Right  Honourable  the 
Lord  Chamberlaine  of   his  Majesty's 
Household,  and  other  Lords,  (and  cer- 
tain Officers  of  Armcs  being  likewise 
present,)   convented   the  said  George 
Baker  before  me,  who  for  justification 
of  his  gentry,  produced  several  certi- 
ficates, under  the  hands  and  seals  of 
Thomas  Baker,  of  Battle ;  Thomas  Ba- 
ker, of  Mayfield,  in  the  county  of  Sus- 
sex ;  and  John  Baker,  of  Groom-bridge, 
in  the  county  of  Kent,  whereby  the  paid 
parties  do  testify  and  acknowlege  that 
the  said  George  Baker  is  lineally  di- 
scended  from  Richard  Baker,  younger 
son  of  Thomas,  common  auncestor  of 
tneir  family ;  and  that  they  do  and  have 


always  heretofore  taken  and  held  the  said 
George  Baker  to  be  their  kinsman,  and 
a  younger  branch  of  their  house  ;  which 
family  of  the  Makers,  and  their  coat  of 
arm  en,  by  the  testimony  of  the  officers 
then  present,  are  found  entred  in  severall 
books  of  visitations  and  funeralls,  re- 
maining in  the  Office  of  Armes,  whereby 
it  appeareth  that  they  are  ancient  Gen- 
tlemen of  Descent  and  Coat  Armour.  In 
consideration  of  which  premisses,  I  have 
thought  fit  to  certify  that  the  said  George 
Baker  hath  sufficiently  proved  himself  to 
be  a  gentleman;  and  that  of  right,  he 
ought  of  all  men  to  be  so  reputed  and 
esteemed. 

(Signed)  "Arcnokll  &  Surrey." 

"  Dated  at  Arundel  House, 
the  Eighth  day  of  June,  1632. 

Appended  to  this  award,  is  the  pe- 
digree by  which  George  Baker  proved 
his  descent  from  the  common  an- 
cestor. 

Since  the  Revolution,  this  band  has 
been  neglected,  and  has  not  been  en- 
tirely composed  of  gentlemen  (herald  i- 
cally  so  called). 

The  office  of  "  Gentleman  Pensioner," 
or  "  Gentleman  at  Arms,*1  is,  I  am  in- 
formed, worth  .£100  per  annum,  and 
is  usually  purchased  for  £l,00O. 

Latterly,  the  designation  of  Pen- 
sioners having  proved  displeasing  to 
the  aristocratic  cars  of  the  honourable 
band,  they  (more  fastidious  than  their 
noble  predecessors)  made  interest  to 
obtain  a  change  of  title,  and  now,  by 
his  Majesty's  gracious  permission, 
they  have  become  "  The  Honourable 
Band  of  his  Majesty's  Gentlemen  at 
Arms." 

Yours,  &c.      H.  N.  C. 


Mr.  Urban,  June  12. 

In  the  course  of  a  correspondence 
which  took  place  in  your  Magazine 
between  certain  anonymous  and  very 
virulent  opponents  of  mine,  and  myself, 
touchingthe  state  of  Saxon  philology  in 
England  ,  a  good  deal  of  stress  was  laid 
upon  the  question  of  accents.  I  now 
redeem  the  pledge  given  by  me,  to 
explain  the  system  upon  which  1  act, 
in  common  with  the  profoundest  phi- 
lologists in  Europe.  I  do  this,  not 
because  I  have  any  hope  of  convincing 
the  persons  who  have  done  me  the  ho- 
nour to  select  mc  as  the  mark  for  their 
abuse,  or  because  I  think  that  it  can 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.]  Mr.  Kemble  on  Anglo-Saxon  Accents.  27 

em  signify  whether  they  are  con-  points,  at  all),  is  the  one  to  which  I 

vmced  or  not/*but  for  the  purpose  of  shall  confine  myself.  Generally  speak- 

giving  information  to  those  who  de-  ing,  the  older  a  MS.  is.  the  fewer  of 

•ire and  deserve  it.     The  facts  of  the  these  marks  are  to  be  found  in  it: 

cue  are  few  and  simple.    It  is  quite  they  are  then  principally  used  as  a 

certain  that  m  all  Saxon,  Norse,  and  distinction   between    words  which, 

German  MSS.,  some  marks  are  placed  were  it  not  for  the  difference  in  the 

over  the  Towels  for  some  purpose  or  length  of  their  vowels,  would  be 

other.   Some  MSS.  have  more,  some  spelled  alike.    Take,  for  example,  a 

fewer  of  these  raarbi;  and  the  MSS.  few  such  words  ;  ac,  sed,  ac,  quercus  ; 

even  of  one  period  are  not  always  ful,  plenus,  ful,  sordidus ;  is,  est,  is, 

consistent  in  their  use  of  them.    In  glades ;  man,  homo,  man,  nefas ;  god, 

what  I  am  about  to  write  1  shall  con-  deus,  god,  bonus ;  ne,  son,  nl,  nec  ; 

fine  myself  to  the  Saion  MSS.,  and  to  hof,  atrium,  h6f,  extuH ;  heoru,  ensis, 

i  few  remarks  upon  the  Norse  in  con-  heoru  (nom.  fern.)  miti$ ;  wBS,  contra, 

won  *ith  thsj Saxon.   My  reason  for  wfo  liga ;  galan,  canerc,  galan  (acc. 

omitting  the  German  MSS.  here,  is  def.)  Uzscivum,  &c.  &c.  &c. 
that  they  have  a  double  svstem  one       In  all  these  case8  the  markg  in  A 

part  of  which  appears  to  have  to  do  MSS.  correspond  accurately  to  the 

*itn  quantity  the  other  with  tone  relations  borne  by  these  vowels  to  one 

TWung  all  Saxon  MSS.  without  dis-  UU^MT  ia  a//  the  Teutonic  languages  ; 
taction  of  tunc  and  period,  the  accen-         the8e  relations  I  shall  take  leave 

tuition  seems  to  denote  one  of  three  to  looU  at  R  little  more  clo8ely  by 

J^o-u    *i.  j        i  •  i  ant*  °y»  because  one  of  your  bun- 

l».  That  the  accented  vowel  is  long,  gHng  men  wjthout  a  name  has  ven- 

l*  !ie=f\ bQt  •  =  *  0=l0*  a?d  0=ifi*:  tured  to  fall  foul  of  James  Grimm  for 

2°,  and  very  rarely,  that  the  vowel  establishing  and  denoting  them, 
it  emphatically  marked  out  for  the  ia  8ome  little  U8*(  Mr>  Urb 

purpose  of  particular  distinction ;  and  in  maintaining  these  distinctions :  al- 

this  is  equivalent  to  italics  with  us;  though  it  ia  no  doubt  a  bitter  a  . 

tnua  the  Lott.  MSS.  ofAlfnc  s  gram,  ance  to  your  idle  and  ignorant  friends, 

mar  speaks  of  a  word  which  ends  with  to  ^  compelled  either  to  give  up  the 

a  short  e,  past  ge-endia*  on  sceortne  6.  pojnt  ^  hopeless  for  Saxon,  or  else  to 

3W.  Some  words  are  accented  for  study  the  Teutonic  tongues,  en  masse  : 

the  same   purpose  of  peculiar  dis-  but  we  shall  still  feel  obliged  to  require 

unction,  as  under  similar  circum-  this  of  them,  if  it  be  only  for  the  sake  of 


we  use  either  a  capital  initial    forcing  them  to  spare  us  the  twaddle 
or  capitals  :  as  in  speaking  of  the    which  they  sometimes  favour  us  with. 


Almighty  or  the  Saviour  by  the  third  from  their  ignorance  of  these  distinc- 

personal  pronoun,  where  we  should  tions: — for  example,  it  has  been  gravely 

print  He,  or  HE,  the  Saxon  some-  asserted,  that  tne  Saxons  were  so 

times  wrote  He* ;  but  it  is  quite  clear  deeply  impressed  with  the  goodness  of 

that  in  these  cases  it  is  the  word  and  God,  and  the  wickedness  of  man's 

not  the  vowel  that  is  accented.  nature,  (in  spite  of  the  Teutonic  God, 

The  first  case,  which  indeed  is  the  and  probable  Demiurgus,  Mannus)  as 

only  case  concerning  which  any  dis-  to  have  but  one  word  for  God  and 

pote  has  arisen  (for  the  anonymous  good,  and  one  for  man  and  evil.  This 

railers,  who  talk  so  much  of  the  au-  is  pretty  and  plausible,  and  has  indeed 

thority  of  MSS.,  were  never  aware  of  but  one  fault,  viz.,  the  not  having  a 

the  practice  of  MSS.  in  the  other  two  word  of  truth  in  it.    Mark ! 

Gothic  Old  High  Dutch.   O.  Sutoa.       O.  Norse.  Ang..S«x.  En*lUh.  Utiu. 

Guth.         Kot.  God.  God.  God.  God.  Deus. 

Cids.         Guot.         God.  G6dr.  G6d.  Good.  Bonus. 

Mains.        Mein.         Men.  Mein.  Man.  Noxia. 

Manna.       Man.  Man.  Madr.  Man.  Man.  Homo. 

So  much  for  the  theosophic  and  trouble  of  studying  till  they  can  set 

psychological  views  of  the  Saxons,  re-  themselves  right,  may  stick  to  the 

specting  God  and  man,  and  good  and  apparent  coincidence  between  the  Sax- 

eril.    Those  who  do   not  like  the  on  forms,  and  reject  not  only  the 


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28  Mr.  Kemble  on  Am 

distinction  of  accent,  but  that  on 
which  the  distinction  rests,  viz.,  the 
comparison  of  the  cognate  tongues. 
So  far  what  the  earlier  MSS.  intend- 
ed :  but  did  they  always  stick  to  this  ? 
I  answer,  that  they  very  seldom  took 
the  trouble  to  do  any  such  thing :  they 
very  seldom  thought  it  worth  while  to 
make  distinctions  for  the  eye,  which 
were  made  by  the  voice  in  speaking, 
and  which  the  context  would  al- 
ways ascertain.    But  thus  much  the 
MSS.  did;  whenever  they  accented, 
they  accented  the  long  vowels;  and 
what  those  long  vowels  were  1  will 
enumerate  below.    The  second  and 
somewhat  later  class  of  MSS.  some- 
times, and  most  capriciously  in  gene- 
ral, extended  these  accentuations  to 
certain  vowels,  not  naturally  long,  but 
rendered  so  by  position  :  this  I  attri- 
bute entirely  to  Danish  influence,  cer- 
tain vowels  becoming  long  in  Norse 
before  certain  consonants,  although 
naturally  short,  and  remaining  short  in 
all  the  Tuetonic   tongues   but  the 
Norse.    It  is  here  that  1  think  Rask 
errs ;  he  followed  very  often  his  Norse 
analogies,  and  they  misled  him.    It  is 
here  that  I  think  Thorpe  errs,  when 
he  builds  upon  the  class  of  MSS.  I 
describe  as  supporting  Rask's  views. 
I  reject  utterly  the  accentuation  of 
such  words  as  un,  w6rd,  &c.  They 
are  Norse  accentuations,  but  not  Sax- 
on.  The  last  class  of  MSS.  are  nearly 
all  subsequent  to  the  Conquest,  and 
in  addition  to  all  the  accumulated  er- 
rors of  other  MSS  ,  whether  these 
be  errors  of  ignorance,  or  the  still 
more  frequent  errors  of  carelessness, 
they  accent  almost  every  t,  especially 
where  it  is  possible  to  confound  it  with 
the  stroke  of  a  u,  an  m  or  n;  and 
some,  indeed,  go  so  far  as  to  accent 
nearly  every  vowel  indiscriminately. 
But  there  is  yet  a  word  to  be  said 
respecting  Saxon  MSS. :  those  who 
are  very  anxious  to  save  themselves 
the  trouble  of  learning  how  the  vow- 
els should  be  accented,  make  a  great 
parade  respecting  the  authority  of  the 
MSS.  :  those  who  are  familiar  with 
Saxon  MSS.  are  equally  well  aware, 
that  these  literateura  a  la  violet te  are 
not  familiar   with   Saxon  MSS.  or 
with  any  MSS.  whatever ;  nay,  even 
that  they  do  not  know  what  is  the 
Case  with  every  editor  of  a  Greek  or 
latin  classic.    Do  these  profound  in- 


fo- Saxon  Accents.  [Jul£/ 

vestigators  of  languages  suppose  that 
Dr.  Blomfield  would  have  printed 
the  first  line  of  the  Prometheus 

X6a>vtos  fitjp  <is  TfXovpov  (ko^ltjv  tttj&c*v„ 

even  if  he  had  found  it  so  written  in 
every  MS.  ?    I  rather  think  that  the 
learned  prelate  would  have  thought 
it  necessary  to  correct  the  inaccurate 
Greek  of  his  authorities,  by  what  he 
knew  was  and  must  be  right.  However, 
in  order  to  show  the  result  of  adhering 
to  MSS.  in  this  case,  I  shall  take  the 
liberty  of  printing  a  few  lines  carefully 
accented  upon  such  authority,  and  to 
that  authority  being  real,  I  pledge 
myself.  (Alfr.  Boeth.  Rawl.  p.  2). 

Da  116*8  fr£  ic  wre'eca"  e66  lustboe'r- 
lict'  song,  ic  sceal  nti  heofie'nde'  sin- 
gan,  and  mid  swiC&e')  nngeradum 
word  urn  gese'ttan,  >eah  ic  geo  hwilum 

fec6pHce'  fundi,  4c  ic  nu  we'pende' 
nd  gicsrendl  of  geradra  w6rda  rais- 
f6,  me*  able*ndan  J»as  ungetrt'owan 
woVuldsae  lha,  and  me  J>a  forletan 
sw4  blkidne'  on  Mb  dimne  h61.  D4 
be>e'af6d6n  ae'lcerl  lustbae'rnesse'  Ml 
5a  ic  him  *  fre*  bltst  truwddl  «a 
w^nddtr  hi  ml  hl6r4  bat  c  t6,  4nd  m6 
mid  14111  fr6mglwftao.  T6  hw6n 
sceoldan  14  mini  friend  slgg4n  >a?'t  ic 
gesae'tig  m6n  ware*,  ha  mae'g  se  b46n 
ge*saVH|  slfle  6n  *4m  geWlJmra 
tturhwunian  nl  mot  ? 

In  these  98  words  there  are  181  accen- 
tuations, all  authorised  by  MSS.  and 
their  practice ;  and  of  these  181  there 
are  just  38  right,  and  143  wrong !  As  it 
is  abundantly  obvious  that  it  is  non- 
sense to  accent  every  vowel,  I  take 
the  liberty  of  requesting  these  sup- 
porters of  authority,  "  authority  which 
»  but  air  condensed/'  to  inform  me 
how  they  will  set  about  distinguishing 
the  right  from  the  wrong.    The  plan 
adopted  by  us  is  sufficiently  simple  : 
careful  comparison  of  the  various  Teu- 
tonic dialects  has  established  a  law  of 
relation  between  their  vowels,  and  we 
accent  according  to  that  law.  The 
Gothic  language,  which  contains  the 
oldest  Teutonic  documents  that  we  at 
present  possess,   has  twelve  vowel 
sounds,  three  of  which,  viz.  a,  i,  u, 
are   short,  and  seven  long,  viz.  a'i, 
ei,  e',  iu,  a'u,  o'  and  u'  :  when  the 
short  vowels  1  and  u  stand  before  h  or 
a,  they  become  changed  into  ai'  and 
av' .    Now  comparing  these  vowels 
with  those  of  the  Saxon  and  German/ 


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Mr.  Kemble  on  Anglo-Saxon  Accents. 


29 


we  find,  that  in  old  Saxon  ami  Ger- 
man, a  mostly  remains  in  the  same 
words  as  took  it  in  Gothic,  bat  that 
in  A.  S.  it  is  under  different  circum- 
stances replaced   by  three  different 
vowels :  before  A,  I,  and  r,  it  becomes 
pa,  thus  Goth,  gards,  alls,  mahts,  A.  S. 
feard,  eall,  meant.     When  followed 
in  another  syllable  by  t,  the  Gothic  a 
becomes  A.  S.  e,  thus  Goth,  katils,  A.  S. 
<*tel,  and  this  is  sometimes  the  case  in 
OM.D.  and  O.  Sax.  When  followed  by 
k,  st,  sp,  or  by  a  single  final  conso- 
nant (except  m,  n,  1,  h,  and  r)  or  by 
any  single  consonant  and  the  inflec- 
tions, es,  e,  the  Goth,  a  becomes  <e 
in  A.  S.   Before  m  and  s  it  sometimes 
is  replaced  by  a,  sometimes  by  o. 
The  Gothic  1  sometimes  remains  in 
the  other  tongues  unchanged,  some- 
times becomes  dulled  into  e,  and  in  A.  S. 
before  h  and  r  becomes  changed  into 
eo;  thus  Goth,  it  an.  O.  H.  D.  ezzan 
0.  Sax.  and  A.  S.  etan,  edere:  Goth, 
hairus  (for  hirus)  enris.  O.H.D.  hero, 
A.Sax.heoru.  O.Nor.hi6rr(==hiarru.) 
In  A.  S.  this  vowel  is  sometimes 
wrongly  replaced  by  y.   The  Gothic 
t  remains  as  u  in  the  other  languages, 
or  is  dulled  into  o,  and  especially  in 
those  cases  in  which,  from  standing 
before  h  and  r,  it  became  au ;  thus 
Goth.waurd,  O.H.D.  waort,  A.S.word. 
But  if  followed  by  i  or  its  equivalent  e, 
o  in  A.  S.  beoomes y,=N.H.D.  ii  or  u. 
Thus  Goth.  Runiprauj.  O.H.D.chunni. 
AS.  cyne,  and  O.H.D.  chuninc.  A.  S. 
cyning,  rex.    The  Goth,  a  i  is  repre- 
sented in  O.H.D.  M.H.D.  and  N.H.D. 
and  in  0.  Nor.  by  ei,  in  O.  Sax.  by  i, 
and  in  A.  S.  by  a  :  but  in  A.  S.  this  a, 
if  followed  by  i  or  e,  becomes  a?'.  The 
Gothic  ei  is  represented  by  !  in  all  the 
ianmia^es  quoted,  and  only  in  the 
X.  H.  D.  and  N.  E.  does  ei  return  in 
sound,  though  not  in  form,  in  both ;  thus 
Goth. weins,  O.H.D.  O. Sax. A.  S. win, 
N.H.D.  wein,  N.E.wine.  The  Gothic 
a'  becomes  in  A.  S.  a?,  in  O.  H.  D.  a ; 
the  Goth,  iu  remains  in  all  the  older 
Ungoages  but  the  A.  S.,  where  it  be- 
comes eo,and  which  is  sometimes  re- 
placed by  y'.   The  Goth,  au,  which 
in  0.  H.  D.  and  O.  Sax.  generally  re- 
mains as  ou  or  6,  becomes  ea  in  A.  S. 
*s  Rauds,  A.  S.  Read,  mtoet.  The 
Gothic  6  remains  as  6  in  O.  Sax.  and 
0.  Nor.  In  O.  H .  D.  it  becomes  ao,  and 
in  A.  S.  it  remains  as  6,  except  when 
followed  by  i  of  e,  and  then  it  becomes 


e*.  The  Gothic  u'  remains  as  u ;  but 
in  A.  S.  if  followed  by  i  or  e,  it  is 
changed  into  y'.  1  will  now  arrange 
these  vowels  tabularly,  in  order  to 
show  how  we  determine  whether  a 
word  should  have  an  accent  or  not : 


A.  S 

Got 

o  n  n 

V.  O.  IS. 

a 

<i 

a,  e 

a,  e 

•  _' 
ae 

ai 

ei 

e 

* 

a 

a 

e 

f 

k 

t- 

a 

a,  e 

a,  e 

X 

l,  ai 

•  > 
i,  e 

•  a 

h  * 

X 

u 

*- 

A 

W 

nn 
uu 

ea 

a 

a 

a 

ea 

Au 

au,  on,  6 

6 

eo 

i,  ai 

i,« 

i,« 

e6 

iu 

iu,  ie,  io 

i,e 

io,  le 

i 

i,ai 

i,  e 

\ 

ei 

i 

i 

0 

u,  au 

o 

0 

6 

6 

no 

6 

u 

u,  an 
u 

u 

u 

u 

ou 

a 

tt  au 

u 

u 

\ 

u,  in 

<i,  id,  &c. 

i6,  it 

In  order  to  ascertain  the  length  of  the 
vowel  in  an  A.  S.  word  it  is  therefore 
necessary  to  ascertain  what  vowel  cor- 
responds to  it  in  the  other  principal 
Teutonic  tongues,  and  by  this  process 
alone  can  we  correct  the  MSS.  them- 
selves. In  connection  with  this  me- 
thod, we  may  use  the  etymological 
means  afforded  us  by  the  verbal 
scheme,  or  the  system  of  relation  in 
which  the  vowels  stand  to  one  an- 
other, in  the  present,  prat,  sing.,  praet. 
pi.  and  past  participle,  of  those  twelve 
conjugations  which  it  has  pleased  the 
same  profound  scholars,  who  prefer 
idleness  to  inquiry,  to  nickname  irre- 
gular, but  which  are  the  foundation- 
stones  of  all  Teutonic"  etymology. 

I  have  but  one  word  to  add  to  what 
I  have  said  :  in  spite  of  the  ingenuity 
made  use  of  to  persuade  myself  and 
my  friends  that  the  ungentlemanlike 
productions  to  which  I  have  alluded, 
proceeded  from  the  University  of  Ox- 
ford, I  have  come,  perhaps  rather 
late,  to  a  different  conclusion.  That 
my  opinions  as  a  scholar  undergo 
thereby  any  change,  is  out  of  the 
question :  but  I  fairly  say,  that  if,  in 
the  expression  of  those  opinions,  I 
have  used  words  which  have  given 
pain  to  any  one,  I  most  sincerely  re- 
gret it.  I  claim  as  much  excuse  as 
may  be  granted  to  a  scholar,  indignant 
at  the  attempt  to  injure  a  favourite 


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30 


Monument  in  honour  of  Wiclif. 


[July, 


pursuit ;  to  a  man,  filled  with  scorn  at 
the  anonymous  abuse  not  only  of  his 
friend,  but  his  friend's  countrymen,  to 
whose  industry  Europe  owes  so  much; 
and  to  a  gentleman,  filled  with  disgust 
at,  and  contempt  for,  the  vulgar  tone 
assumed  by  assailants,  whose  incog- 
nito alone  secured  them  from  a  differ- 
ent and  severer  mode  of  castigation. 
To  all  those,  who  in  the  spirit  of  fair 
and  honourable  criticism  deal  with 
my  remarks,  or  my  editions  of  books, 
I  am  accustomed  to  listen  with  such 
respect  as  their  views  deserve ;  and  to 
all,  in  whatever  school  brought  up, 
who  seriously  put  their  shoulder  to 
the  wheel  with  me,  I  hold  out  the 
right  hand  of  fellowship ;  but  against 
all  quackery,  and  all  quacks,  I  holdthe 
old  motto—"  War  to  the  knife !" 
Yours,  Sec.      John  Kembi.e. 


Mr.  Urban, 


Glnster  Terrace, 
Hoxt on,  May  20. 
IT  will  be  gratifying  to  your  readers 
to  be  informed  that  there  is  a  proba- 
bility ofsomething  like  justice,  although 
late  justice,  being  done  to  the  memory 
of  John  Wiclip;  of  whom  Southey* 
has  truly  said,  that  "  It  is  a  reproach 
to  this  country,  that  no  statue  has 
been  erected  to  his  honour;"  and 
another  writerf  of  some  celebrity  has 
observed,  "  Such  men  are  the  true 
heroes,  to  whom  mankind  ought  to 
raise  statues  and  trophies,  rather  than 
to  conquerors,  who  often  waste  the 
lives  of  their  fellow-creatures  to  gra- 
tify their  own  ambition." 

Wiclif  was  a  man  of  rare  talents, 
distinguished  learning,  persevering  in- 
dustry, and  great  fortitude,  and  did 
more  in  the  cause  of  the  Reformation 
in  this  country  than  any  other  indi- 
vidual, because  he  may  be  truly  said 
to  have  originated  it.  The  service 
which  he  rendered  to  that  cause  has 
this  peculiar  feature  of  merit,  that  he 
stood  alone,  and  was  the  first  who 
Btarted  in  that  race  of  danger  and  of 
true  glory,  in  which  others  could  but 
follow  him.  His  shrewdness,  patience, 
and  firmness,  were  equally  conspicuous 
in  his  exposure  of  the  unjust  usurpa- 
tions, the  errors,  and  the  iniquitous 
practices  of  the  Church  of  Rome ;  and, 
although  the  effects  of  his  labours  were 

»  Book  of  the  Church,  vol.  i.  p.  347. 
f  Wakefield's  Family  Tour. 


not  immediately  perceived,  either  by 
friends  or  enemies,  he  unquestionably 
laid  the  foundation  of  the  Reformation 
in  this  country.  Of  this  the  enemies 
to  that  great  measure  were  afterwards 
so  conscious,  that  they  did  him  the 
honour  to  disinter  his  mortal  remains, 
and  burn  them  for  the  alleged  heresy 
of  his  life. 

The  plan  of  a  monument  for  Wiclif 
originated  five  years  since  at  Lut- 
terworth in  Leicestershire,  where  it 
lay  dormant  for  some  time ;  but  where 
about  300/.  have  since  been  raised  to- 
wards its  execution.  Among  other 
distinguished  patrons  of  this  measure, 
1  find  the  names  of  the  Right  Re- 
verend the  Lords  Bishops  of  Lincoln, 
Dublin,  Salisbury,  and  Lichfield  and 
Coventry.  The  memorial  of  Wiclif 
now  contemplated  is  a  monumental 
statue  of  him  in  the  Church  ;  but  it  has 
been  suggested,  that  some  more  public 
memorial  of  him  might  be  adopted  : 
and  a  writer  in  the  Leamington  Chron- 
icle has  suggested  a  statue  in  or  on  the 
new  Town  Hall  about  to  be  erected 
at  Lutterworth. 

Will  you,  Mr.  Urban,  permit  an  old 
correspondent  to  offer  another  sug- 
gestion, and  to  propose  the  erection 
of  a  strong  airy  building  in  some  con- 
venient and  central  part  of  the  town  ; 
which  may  be  used  as  a  town  school, 
on  the  comprehensive  principle  of 
being  open  to  receive  the  children  of 
persons  of  all  religious  denominations. 
This  I  venture  to  submit  would  be  an 
appropriate  memorial  of  a  man,  who 
did  so  much  to  extend  the  knowledge 
of  divine  truth,  and  make  it  accessible 
to  all,  by  liberating  it  from  the  thral- 
dom of  Popish  proscription. 

Another  appropriate  memorial  of 
Wiclif  I  would  also  venture  to  suggest 
for  the  consideration  of  your  literary 
and  antiquarian  readers.  It  is  a  com- 
plete and  uniform  edition  of  his 
works  ;  many  of  which  have  not  yet 
seen  the  light,  but  remain  locked  up 
in  public  or  private  libraries.  There 
are  among  them,  no  doubt,  articles 
which  would  now  be  regarded  as 
trifles,  and  interesting  only  to  the  an- 
tiquary and  philologist ;  but  there  are 
others  which  would  in  all  probability 
be  found  highly  interesting  to  the  the- 
ological student,  and  to  the  historian  ; 
and  I  have  no  doubt  that  if  some  per- 
son of  adequate  talent,  and  literary 


Digitized  by  Google 


18.15.] 


Ancient  Book  o/M&dical  Recipes. 


31 


eminence,  would  undertake  this  work, 
the  public  would  cheerfully  remunerate 
his  toils  by  a  liberal  subscri  ption. 

As  Mr.  Babcr  has  given  a  valuable 
i]e?criptive  catalogue  of  Wiclifs 
works,  in  the  introduction  to  his  Life 
of  Wiclif,  a  reference  to  that  cata- 
logue will  satisfy  your  readers,  that 
were  they  brought  from  their  obscurity 
and  placed  before  the  public,  they 


man  of  London,  hath  cured  and 
healed  many  forlorne  and  deadlye 
diseases."  "  The  thirde  booke"  be- 
gins on  folio  48,  b.  and  consists  of 
"  prety  conceates  of  Cookery,  as  baked 
meats,  gellies,  conserves,  sugar -plates, 
and  others."  •*  The  fourthe  booke," 
on  folio  60,  is  headed,  "  Here  fol- 
loweth  a  booke  which  was  founde  in 
the  Parson's  study  of  War  ling  ham, 


would  find   a  place   in  every  large    written  in  the  Roman  hande,  and  it 


library  in  Europe,  and  thus'  prove 
the  most  public,  as  well  as  the  most 
imperishable  monument  of  our  great 
Reformer. 

Thos.  Fisheb. 


Mr.  Urban,   Hartbum,  June  9. 
ABOUT    twenty   years   since,  I 
procured  several  curious  MSS.  from 
a  mass  of  papers  which  bad  be- 
longed to   Mr.    William  Pickering,    dicine  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
an  apparitor  of  the  Consistory  Court,'    centuries,  may  find  amusement,  in 


wanteth  both  the  beginning  and  end- 
inge."  "  The  fifthe  booke"  contains 
"  Certayne  medicines  which  were 
taken  out  of  the  vicar  of  Warling- 
ham  '8  booke,  beinge,  as  he  sayde, 
taught  him  by  the  fayries;"  and  as 
specimens  of  the  whole,  1  have,  Mr. 
Urban,  made  the  following  extracts, 
supposing  that  many  of  your  readers, 
unacquainted  with  the  practice  of  me- 


at Durham ;  and  among  these  was 
a  neatly  written  folio  book,  with 
the  title-page,  "  Edward  Potter. 
ijt.  iiijd.  Herb  beoinneth  A  Booke 
of  Phisicke  and  Chirurgery,  with  di- 
vers other  things  necessary  to  be 
kaowne,  collected  out  of  sundry  olde 
written  bookes,  and  broughte  into  one 
order.  The  several  things  herein  con- 
tayned  may  bee  seene  in  the  bookes 
and  tables  following.  Written  in  the 
year  of  our  Lorde  God,  1610."  The 
"Work  commences  with  a  list  of  the 


perusing  aud  contrasting  them  with 
the  science  that  guides  the  medical 
practitioners  of  the  present  day. 

1 .  To  staunche  bloude. 

There  were  three  Maryes  went  over  the 
floude ; 

The  one  bid  stande,  the  other  ftente 
bloude  : 

Then  bespake  Mary  that  Jesus  Christ 
bore, 

Defende  gods  forbod  thou  shouldeste 
bleede  anye  more. 

The  three  Marys  here  named  were 


thirty-three  evil  days'  of  the  year,    probably  the  Virgin  Mary,  the  Egyptian 
*fl<i  a  general  calender;  and  on  folio  2    Mary,  and  Mary  Magdalene.  Whether 
has  "  A  catalogue  of  all  my  books,    this  is  to  be  spoken  as  an  exorcism,  or 
and  the  prices  they  cost  me,  taken 
°y  me,   Edward  Potter,  ye  30  of 
November  1594."   This  catalogue  is 
ia  a  different  hand  and  ink  to  the  rest 
of  the  book.    Then  follows  seven  fo- 
lios, under  the  running  title  of  A 
Prognostication,"  which  is  a  curious 
medley  of  rules  about  the  weather, 
and  astronomical  calculati 


ons. 


it  r 


The 

first  booke"  begins  on  folio  11,  a.  and 
has  this  title—"  A  coppye  of  all 
Mjche  Medicines  wherew1  the  noble 
Conntisse  of  Oxenford  most  chari- 


worn  as  a  charm,  is  not  mentioned.  The 
custom  of  wearing  charms  was  probably 
adopted  by  the  Christians  from  the  phy- 
lacteries of  the  Jews,  which  were  little 
cubical  boxes,  or  as  the  word  means, 
conservatories*  of  a  cubical  form,  sewed 
upon  long  fillets,  at  given  distances,  each 
made  of  parchment,  and  containing  a 
roll  with  portions  of  the  law  written  upon 
it.  They  were  worn  chiefly  on  the  left 
arm,  or  wrist,  and  wound  round  and 
round  it. 

I  formerly  knew  a"  Dutch  Jew,  who 
left  his  lodgings,  and  staying  from  them  a 


tably,  in  her  owne  person,  did  manye  more  than  usual  time,  his  hostess  sent  for 
great  and  notable  Cures  upon  her 
poore  Neighbours."  "  The  second 
booke,"  beginning  on  folio  19,  is  en- 
utoled,  "  Here  beginneth  a  true  copyc 
of  such  Medicines  wherew*  Mris. 
Man  Ounsteade,  daughter  unto  the 
worshipfull  Mr.  John  Olliffe,  Alder- 


another  Jew,  his  friend,  who  knowing  that 
he  had  been  dispirited  on  account  of  the 
embarrassed  state  of  his  circumstances, 
immediately  began  to  dread,  that  in  his 
despondency,  he  had  destroyed  himself, 
and  was  soon  confirmed  in  the  con- 
jecture, from  finding  that  he  had  left 
his  philactcry  behind  him — a  thing  a  Jew 


Digitized  by  ( 

A 


32  Ancient  Book  of 

never  does.  His  body  was  found  a  few 
days  after  in  the  river  Wear.  The  phl- 
lactery  and  his  Bible  I  purchased,  and 
found  the  former  all  made  of  parchment, 
as  I  have  described.  I  loved  the  man 
for  his  most  amiable,  charitable  dis- 
position, as  well  as  from  his  critical 
knowledge  in  the  Hebrew  language;  but 
I  will  not  mention  his  name,  lest  some 
one,  consulting  a  disciple  of  the  magi- 
cians of  Egypt,  take  upon  him  to  call 
upon  his  name,  and  disturb  the  repose  of 
his  soul. 

3.  To  take  awaye  frekels. — Take 
the  bloude  of  an  hare,  anoynte  them 
with  it,  and  it  will  doe  them  awaye. 

Either  hares  are  scarce  in  the  High- 
lands of  Scotland,  or  this  remedy  is  un- 
known there,  or  the  Gaelic  beauties  find 
freckles  killing,  for  certainly  they  seem 
to  take  little  pains  to  remove  them.  The 
fairies  delighted  in  the  crimson  drops  i'  th' 
bottom  of  a  cowslip ;  and  of  the  fairy 
queen  we  are  told  that 

The  cowslip  tall  her  pensioners  be ; 
In  their  gold  coats  spots  you  see; 
Those  be  rubies,  fairy  favours  ; 
In  those  freckles  live  their  savours. 

The  Highland  shepherd  sees  as  many 
captivating  charms  in  the  freckles  of 
"  the  lonely  sun-beams"  of  his  love,  as 
the  queen  of  the  fairy  troop,  that  built 
the  magic  hill  of  Tomnaheurich  in  a 
night,  saw  in  the  sun-spots  of  her  fa- 
vourite flower,  before  the  unhallowed 
plough  tore  up  the  meadows  of  her  pride 
on  the  northern  .border  of  the  Ness. 

4.  For  a  man  or  a  woman  that  hath 
lost  theire  speeche. — Take  worrae- 
woode,  and  stampe  it,  and  temper  it 
with  water*  and  atrayne  it,  and  with 
a  apoone  doe  of  it  into  theire  mouthes. 

How  many  men  would  like  to  be  in  a 
condition  to  try  the  efficacy  of  this  re- 
medy, with  the  hope  that  it  might  prove 
unsuccessful  I  Lay  an  ointment  on  a 
speechless  woman's  tongue  !  Who  dares 
to  stand  the  torrent  of  eloquence  it  would 
most  certainly  produce  ? 

6.  A  verye  sure  and  perfect  re- 
nted ye  to  cure  a  man,  &c.  of  the  pes- 
tilence; and  some  there  hath  bene 
that  have  bene  cured  in  a  nighte ;  the 
same  remedye  is  allso  good  for  God's 
markes,  boyles,  carbuncles,  blotches, 
&c.  and  such  like,  as  St.  Anthonye's 
fire,  &c* — Take  the  seed  or  berryes  of 
ivye  that  groweth  on  trees  or  walls, 
and  not  of  that  which  is  founde  lowe 
by  the  grounde :  you  must  gather  the 
sayde  berryes  very  ripe,  and  of  those 


Medical  Recipes.  [July, 

that  growe  towards  the  north,  if  it  be 
possible;  if  not,  then  take  them  as 
you  can  get  them,  although  they  be 
not  verye  ripe ;  dry  them  in  the  sha- 
dowe,  and  keepe  them  in  a  boxe  of 
wood,  as  you  doe  presious  things  ;  if 
any  bee  infected  with  the  pestilence, 
take  of  the  sayde  berries,  and  beate 
them  to  powder  in  a  fayre  morter,  and 
then  give  the  sicke  of  the  sayde  pow- 
der in  a  glasse  of  white  wine,  so  much 
as  will  lye  on  a  groate  or  more ;  then 
rub  him  in  his  bed,  and  make  him 
sweate  well;  this  done,  change  his 
sheets,  shirte,  and  other  coverings  of 
his  bed,  if  it  may  bee ;  if  not,  let  him 
at  the  leaste  change  his  shirte  and 
sheets.    Some  have  taken  of  the  sayd 
powder  overnighte,  and  have  founde 
themselves  in  the  morninge  very  well, 
so  that  they  rose  up,  and  clothed 
themselves,  and  walked  about  the 
house,  and  finally  were  throughe 
cured. 

To  these  wonder-working  properties  of 
ivy-berries,   we  may  add  some  of  the 
plant,  from  '*  Bartholome, "   a  Fran- 
ciscan friar,  of  the  family  of  the  Earls 
of  Suffolk ,  who  set  forth  his  book  "  De 
Proprietatibus  Rerum,"  in  1360 ;  and  he 
says  that  it  "is  full  wonderfull  in  know- 
ledge and  assaieng  of  wine ;  for  it. is  cer- 
tain y*  if  wine  meddled  with  water  be  in 
a  vessel  of  ivie,  y*  wine  fleeteth  over  y« 
brink,  and  the  water  abideth."    "  And 
there  is  a  manner-ivie,  and  deaw  falleth 
on  the  leaves  thereof,  and  waxeth  gley- 
mie,  &  turneth  to  glewe;"  concerning 
which,  Batman,  in  his  additions  to  the 
text  of  our  author,  says,  "  the  gum  of 
ivy  killeth  lice  and  nits,  and  being  laid 
to  it,  taketh  away  hair.    It  is  unwhole- 
some to  sleepe  under  the  iuie,  or  in  an 
iuie-bush.    It  maketh  the  head  light  and 
dixrie."    Malkin,  in  his  South  Wales, 
says  that  the  stem  of  the  ivy,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  castle  of  St.  Anthan's, 
is  five  feet  in  girth,  and  in  some  years 
yields  large  quantities  of  gum;  so  that 
it  may  be  certainly  had  of  size  sufficient 
to  make  vessels  for  assaying  wine,  and  its 
gum,  if  of  any  use,  obtained.    Its  ber- 
ries have  long  held  some  repute  as  sudo- 
rincs  ;  and  I  have  seen  it  somewhere  said 
that  the  powder  of  them  WHS 

actually 

given  with  great  success  in  vinegar,  or 
white  wine,  in  the  great  plague  in  Lon- 
don ;  though  it  may  be  doubted  whether 
the  healing  virtue  was  not  more  in  the 
vehicle  than  in  the  powder  of  the  ivy- 
berries.  Bartholomew's  account  of  ivy- 
vessels  being  used  for  assaying  wine,  'is 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Ancient  Book  of  Medical  Recipes. 


from  Pliny,  who  says  if  the  wine  be 
nixed  with  water,  the  wine  sokes  through 
the  wood,  but  the  water  remains. 

8.  To  make  a  pretious  water  that 
Doctor  Stenens  did  greate  cures  with, 
and  kepte  it  secret  tyll  a  little  before 
his  death,  then  taughte  it  to  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterborye. — Take  a  gal- 
lon of  white  Gascoigne  wine,  ginger, 
gallingall,  cynamon,  nutmegs,  graynes, 
doves,  annis  seeds,  fennell  seedes, 
cariaway  seedes,  of  every  of  them  like 
much,  viz.  a  dram  of  each ;  then  take 
sage,  red  mintes,  red  roses,  time, 
pellitory  of  the  wall,  rosemary e, 
wilde  time,  and  gromell,  lavender 
(the  flowers  if  you  can  get  them),  of 
every  of  them  an  hand  fall ;  then  beate 
the  spices  small,  and  the  hearbes 
tllso;  then  put  them  all  in  y«  wine, 
and  let  it  stand  thereuvtwelve  houres, 
stirringe  it  divers  times ;  then  still  it 
in  a  lymbecke;  and  the  first  water 
being  grecne,  put  it  by  itselfe,  for  it  is 
the  best;  the  second  water  being 
white,  is  good,  but  not  so  good  as  the 
first ;  put  that  by  itselfe ;  it  is  good 
for  all  manner  of  diseases,  to  drinke 
it  fastinge,  and  at  nighte  laste,  at 
every  time  a  spoonefull ;  it  is  a  pre- 
sioas  and  noble  water,  for  a  spoone- 
full is  a  preservative. 

This,  no  doubt,  was  a  precious  cordial 
for  the  days  it  was  in  use.  But  we  ques- 
tion whether  water  made  of  wine  and 
fpices,  however  skilfully  combined,  or 
slowly  or  coldly  drawn,  was  half  so  ex- 
hilarating as  ratafia  or  golden  cordial,  or 
tau-de-Cologne,  or  Geneva's  famous  water 
of  juniper.  We  have  never  yet  disco - 
wred  the  recipe  for  making  the  water  of 
the  iods,  or  seen  a  diagram  of  the  "  lym- 
btcke"  in  which  it  was  distilled ;  but  we 
«t  certain  that  the  Moors  did  no  good  to 
the  beverage  of  Western  Europe,  when 
they  brought  with  them  into  Spain  the 
Egyptian  art  of  distillation.  Henry  Earl 
of  Cumberland,  who  was  borne  in  1517, 
and  died  in  1564,  was,  according  to  the 
Pembroke  Memoirs,  "  much  addicted  to 
alchemy  and  chemistry,  and  a  great  dis- 
tiller of  waters."  Pindar  was  very  right 
»hen  he  said  "  Water  is  the  best." 

13.  To  make  an  akeing  tooth  fall 
out.— Take  wheate  meale,  and  mixe 
therewith  the  milke  of  the  hearbe 
called  spurge,  and  make  thereof  past 
or  doughe,  with  which  ye  shall  fill 
the  hollo  we  of  the  tooth,  and  let  it  be 
there  a  certayne  time,  and  the  tooth 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


will  fall  out  of  it  selfe.  Allso,  if  you 
washe  your  mouth  and  teethe  once  a 
month  with  wine  wherein  the  roote 
of  this  hearbe  hath  bene  sodden,  you 
shall  never  have  payne  in  your  teethe. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  but  the  caustic 
quality  of  the  juice  of  almost  every  spe- 
cies of  spurge,  especially  of  Euphorbia 
pepltu,  applied  to  the  human  teeth,  will 
corrode  them  rapidly.  Prom  its  likeness 
to  cream,  and  its  severely  acrid  nature, 
the  Irish  call  the  plant  that  produces  it, 
the  "devil's  churn."  In  England,  from 
its  being  used  to  destroy  warts,  it  is  called 
vart-wort.  Turner,  the  father  of  English 
botany,  uses  the  name  under  peplis,  and 
speaks  of  the  burning  taste  of  the  sea- 
wart-wort  which  he  saw  growing  in  an 
island  near  Venice.  Gerard  also,  who 
built  his  Herbal  on  foundations  laid  by 
Turner,  tells  of  the  horribly  acrid  qua- 
lity of  »ea-9purge,  which  he  experienced 
in  company  with  Turner's  ancient  friend, 
Master  Rich,  in  a  walk  along  the  sea- 
coast,  near  Lee,  in  Essex. 

15.  For  him  that  hath  naturally  a 
red  face. — Take  foure  ownces  of  the 
kyrnells  of  peaches,  and  three  ownces 
of  gorde  seedes,  and  make  thereof  au 
oyle,  wherewith  you  shall  anoynte  his 
facemorninge  and  eveninge;  this  will 
kill  and  destroye  all  redness.  A  thinge 
founde  true  by  experience. 

This  recipe,  if  it  was  intended  for  the 
benefit  of  the  fair  sex,  as  well  as  of  the 
gentlemen,  might  be  found  to  furnish  a 
very  acceptable  cosmetic  for  the  toilettes 
of  the  blooming  beauties  of  the  country, 
who  long  to  exchange  the  rosy  hues  of 
Hebe  for  the  wan  enchantments  that 
lighten  in  the  smiles  of  loveliness  in 
fashionable  life.  We  doubt  its  efficacy  in 
removing  the  roseate  hues  that  the  liquor 
of  cogniac  suffuses  over  the  face,  much 
less  in  dimming  the  splendour  of  the 
crops  of  jewels  that  brandy  produces  on 
certain  promontories,  and,  as  their  name 
implies,  "  shine  in  the  dark,  like  a  lighted 
coal." 

19.  To  make  the  face  fay  re.— Take 
the  blossomes  of  beanes,  and  distill 
them,  and  wash  the  face  in  that  water, 
and  it  will  be  fair. 

•  The  blossoms  of  beans !'  Who  that  is 
enamoured  of  the  fields  and  nature,  has 
not  inhaled  their  delicious  Persian  per- 
fume ;  and  has  not  been  struck  with  the 
blackness  of  the  beauty-spot  on  their  co- 
rolla; ?  We  certainly  recommend  a  place 
on  the  toilette  of  the  fair  for  this  delicious 
water,  as  the  perfumer,  on  distillation, 
will  really  find  that  it  retains  the  fragrance 


Digitized  by  Google 


36  Altar  Window  of  St.  Duns  tan  in  the  West.  July, 


obtain  ashes  of  swallows  to  cure  them  of 
the  malady  of  drinking. 

102.  To  cause  hair  to  growe. — 
Take  the  water  of  flower-de-leuce, 
and  washe  thy  heade  therewith,  and 
it  shall  cause  'hayre  to  growe.  Also 
the  water  of  rosemary  hath  the  same 
vertue.  If  thou  wash  thy  head  with  the 
same  water,  and  let  it  drye  on  agayne 
by  itselfe,  it  causeth  hayre  to  growe  if 
thou  be  balde. 

This  may  prove  a  desirable  cosmetic  to 
elderly  dandies.  We  can,  however,  safely 
aver  that  the  fairies  communicated  no 
piece  of  idle  superstition  to  the  Vicar  of 
Warlingham,  when  they  affirmed  that 
water  of  rosemary  was  good  for  the  hair, 
for  it  nourishes  and  refreshes  it  much. 


104.  For  one  that  hath  loste  bis 
roinde. — Take  and  shave  off  the  hayre 
of  the  moulde  of  his  heade,  then  take 
archangell  and  stampe  it,  and  binde  it 
to  his  heade  where  it  is  shaven,  and 
let  hira  take  a  sleep  therewithal!,  and 
when  he  awaketh  he  shall  be  righte 
weake  and  sober  enoughe. 

Philips  gives  as  one  meaning  of  mould 
— "  the  dent  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
head and  Ainsworth  renders  in  Latin, 
"  the  mould  of  the  head,"  by  Sutura. 
Johnson  had  not  found  an  example  of 
the  word.  It  were  well,  if  shaven  scalps, 
covered  with  a  plaster  of  archangel,  were 
for  a  while  made  fashionable  in  certain 
political  circles.  V.  H. 

{To  be  continued.) 


ALTAR  WINDOW  OF  ST.  DUNSTAN  IN  THE  WEST,  FLEET  STREET. 
Designed  by  Thomas  Willrment,  F.S.A. 

{With  a  Plate.) 

A  STRIKING  feature  in  this  newly  building.    The  figures  displayed  on 

erected  church  is  the  altar  window,  a  the  window  were  in  fact  only  repre- 

finely  executed  composition  in  stained  sentations  of  the  statuary  of  the  time, 

glass,  which  for  richness  of  colouring  They  were  coloured  representations  of 

and  propriety  of  design,  is  entitled  to  painted  statues.    The  niche,  with  its 

rank  with  many  of  the  works  of  an-  pedestal  and  canopy,  were  retained 

cientdays,  whilst,  at  the  same  time  that  and  drawn  in  as  good  perspective  as 

the  ancient  style  of  design  has  been  the  age  could  afford ;  at  the  same  time 

preserved,  the  superiority  of  modern  in  the  execution  it  is  observable  that 

drawing  has  not  been  forgotten.  greater  freedom  is  displayed  in  the 

The  window  which  contains  the  drawing  of  the  figures,  showing  that 

glass  is  a  simple  design  frequently  met  the  painter  had  assumed  a  greater 

with  in  buildings  of.  the  latter  part  of  scope  of  his  genius  than  the  sculptor, 

the  fifteenth  century ;  it  is  divided  by  for  it  must  be  remarked  that  the  ac- 

mullions  into  four  lights,  the  mould-  tual  statue  was  generally  far  more  stiff 

ings  of  the  central  mullion,  which  is  and  formal  than  its  representation  on 

larger  than  the  others,  diverging  at  glass. 

the  upper  part  of  the  design,  and  form-       In  the  present  subject  the  paintings 

mg  two  subarches,  which,  as  well  as  of  the  four  Evangelists  are  varied  both 

the  spandrils  above  them,  are  in  their  in  the  style  and  colours  of  their 

turn  subdivided  into  smaller  lights,  dresses,  and  also  in  their  positions 

The  artist,  in  filling  up  the  voids  of  happily  avoiding  that  appearance  of 

this  window,  has  very  judiciously  in-  tameness  which  some  old  designs  pos- 

troduced  the  representations  of  the  sess.    The  saintly  character  of  each  of 

four  Evangelists  in  the  larger  lights,  the  figures  is  marked  by  the  nimbus 

and  filled  the  smaller  divisions  with  which  encircles  the  head,  the  inva- 

religious  emblems,  instead  of  forming,  riable  accompaniment  in  old  examples 

as  is  often  the  case,  an  historical  pic-  of  a  sainted  personage.    Each  figure 

ture,  the  effect  of  which  must  be  de-  looks  towards  the  centre  of  the  design 

cidedly  injured,  and  its  unity  destroy-  and  is  elevated  on  a  pedestal  of  an 

ed,  by  tbe  interposition  of  the  stone  octangular  form,  with  traceried  com- 

WOtrlf'      • .  .     ,   .  partments  in  the  sides,  and  having 

It  is  evident  that  the  designers  of  an  uniform  cap  and  base.    Each  pe- 

the  majority  of  the  ancient  church  destal  is  fronted  by  a  shield,  over 

windows  were  the  architects  of  the  which  is  a  ribbon  containing  the  name 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.1             Altar  Window  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  Wet*.  37 

of  the  Saint  represented  above.   The  banner  Argent  ensigned  with  a  cross 

canopies  over  the  head  of  each  figure  Gules. 

are  uniform,  hexagonal  in  plan,  and  Above  the  principal  figures,  and 

surmounted  by  a  filiated  cupola  be-  occupying  the  minor  compartments  of 

t^een  two  pinnacles.    The  canopies  the  subarches,  are  the  well  known 

are  relieved  with  a  background  of  a  symbols  of  the  Evangelists,  deduced 

cerulean  blue,  and  each  of  the  effigies  from  the  prophecies  of  Ezekiel  and 

with  a  richly  diapered  curtain,  or  the  Visions  of  St.  John ;  they  are  so 

hanging,  of  cloth  of  gold.    So  far  the  arranged  as  to  be  placed  nearly  over 

feneial  features  of  the  whole  resemble  the  figures  of  the  Saints  to  whom  they 

each  other.    The  particular  descrip-  relate.    It  is  almost  needless  to  add, 

tiou  of  each  statue  is  as  follows :  that  these  emblems  are  an  Angel,  a 

£>.  .ll&atbrus.  Lion,  a  Calf  or  Bull,  and  an  Eagle. 

An  seed  man  with  grey  beard  and  bald  ^ey       here  represented  white  on  a 

forehead,  clothed  in  a  tunic  or  surcoat  red  ground.    In  the  spandrils  are  the 

of  scarlet  with  blue  sleeves,  a  white  ""ed  monograms,  A  Q  and      w-  &>• 

cope  or  mantle  lined  with  vellow,  Above  is  the  descending  Dove, 

fastened  at  the  throat ;  he  holds  his  The  donor8  of  th,s  splendid  window 

Gospel  on  his  left  hand,  a  richly  bound  h,ave  CttU8*d  a  vcr>'  8lmP,e.  memorial  of 

and  clasped  volume  in  the  antique  their  beneficence  toappeai -in  the  design, 

srvle  ;  on  the  shield  below,  the  emblem  At  the  bottom  of  the  window,  on  a  nb- 

of  the  Trinity,  which  may  be  thus  18  £e  following  inscription, 

blazoned heraldicallv Gules,  anorle  ?PB^ ^C^l^r^C^^0?^%C^-' 

and  a  pall  conjoined  Argent,  thereon  0  f m  -f ££€±*F-JJ* 5 

four  bezants,  two  in  chief,  one  on  the  and  fthw;  .f01*1  ^  by.  orna: 

c          •  *      j     ~  :..      «  ments  of  the  altar,  is  the  whole  record 

fe-sse  point,  and  one  in  base,  the  two  r.,    ,             c\  .     .     ...    .  . 

in  chief  inscribed  •  thedexter  with  the  ofthe  donation  of  thissplendid  window. 

word  "  Paier,"  and  the  sinister  with  f. p  °  ~°,5quen£  °[  ^  raode.9t» n' 

"  WW—                m  flcMuu*  "  Tkmm  "  tlrln6  feeling,  the  artist  was  left  to 

*      '            I  form  his  own  de8ign'  ™d  he  shows 

and  the  one  on  base,     o  c  t  $  o v  s  ;   ,  »  °  Li 

cm  each  of  the  three  parts  oftheorle  througJio*  a  close  resemblance  to 

■                     -  ancient  examples,   on  which  sacred 


the  words  "  «o»  ft"  and  on  each  of 


parts  of  the  pall  the  word  "  est. 


i,  emblems  alone  formed  the  ornamental 
detail.     No  vain  display  of  family 

A.  CWarcutf.  pride,  no  pomp  of  heraldry  is  visible. 

In  a  long  green  robe  with  red  sleeves,  The  only  record  ofthe  donors  is  a 

surmounted  by  a  white  chasuble ;  he  simple  inscription,  set  up  not  for  the 

holds  his  Gospel  in  his  right  hand,  gratification  of  vanity,  but  for  the 

The  shield  is  Azure,  on  the  fesse  point  information  of  the  historian, 

the  Star  of  Bethlem  within  the  crown  Will  the  day  never  arrive  when  so 

of  thorns,  between  three  Rails  all  pleasing,  so  appropriate,  so  innocent 

shield  of  the  Passion.  an  embellishment  to  our  churches,  as 


&.  Hucatf.  stained  glass,   shall   be  universally 

Attired  in  a  blue  robe  with  a  white    ^reduced  ?    Let  us  hope  that  it  will 


mantle,  his  Gospel  in  his  right  hand  :      .  . 
the  shield.  Gules,  a  spear  in  bend,  snr-    ,h*  »°'Tlu,8.w<\alth  f  thf       8  ^ 


— that  one  day  we  shall  see  a  little  of 


mounted  with  a  staff,  with  the  sponge 


cated  to  the  decent  and  appropriate 
embellishment  of  the  house  of  God. 


•         a       ■     •  w\  II    .         t.  Ill  U 11 11811  WCIll    Ul     IMC    liUUSt-    Ul  VJUU. 

m  bend  sinister  Proper ;  over  all  a  ,         .  "  «  • 

cross  Argent,  having  a  scroll  on  the    rhea  inat  ^noa  arrive8»  11  ,8  to  oe 


■          » i.    it,  hoped  that  windows  like  the  present 

fc-sse  point,  charged  with  the  letters  .!,  ,                   ,    .         .    ».  , 

5           »      Ai*     a  shield  of  the  W,U  be  con8tructed,  instead  of  those 

3.  p..  H.  2.    Also  a  snieia  oi  me  vain  di8p,ay9  of  corporftte  ^  indi. 

Passion.               .  ,  vidual  heraldry  which  we  too  often 


meet  with  on  the  altar  windows  of 


The  youthful   appearance  of  this  Qur  ancient  churches,  in  situations 

Saint  is  preserved ;  his  robe  is  grey,  where  ornaments  alone  should 

surmounted  by  a  white  cope, his  Gos-  ^  introdu^  which  may  harmonize 

pei  in  his  right  hand.    The  shield  wim  ^  8acre<i  character  of  the  place. 

Azure,  on  a  mount  Or,  the  Agnus  Dtx  ^  g^ord  with  the  feelings  which 
Argent,  the  head  regardant  and  eneir-         ht  gold   to  predominate. 
cM  with  a  nimbus  Or,  bearing  a  E.  I.  C. 


Digitized  by  Goo^j|p 


t  X 

id 

%  ■ 


I: 


mansion  at  puncknowle,  dorsethire. 


Mr.  Urban,       Afpre,  May  18. 

I  WONDER  Hutchins,  in  describ- 
ing the  parish  of  Puncknowle,  near 
Bridport,  in  Dorsetshire,  said  so  little 
of  the  mansion-house.  I  had  much 
gratification  from  inspecting  it. 

It  stands  on  a  knoll  or  eminence  close 
to  the  church  ;  and  is  a  large  building, 
of  two  distinct  eras,  somewhat  in  the 
form  of  the  letter  T  r  the  more  ancient 
part,  or  that  which  constituted  the 
original  hous*1,  forming  the  body  of 
the  letter;  and  a  less  ancient  building, 
erected  by  the  Napier  family  about  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
represented  by  my  wood-cut,  making 
its  head.  These  two  parts  are  now 
separated  ;  the  former  being  inhabited 
by  the  occupier  of  the  farm,  and  the 
latter  being  retained  by  Miss  Frome, 
sister  of  the  Rev.  G.  C.  Frome,  the 
present  possessor  of  the  manor.  One 
of  the  upper  rooms  of  this  building  is 
called  the  Painted  Room,  different  sub- 
jects beinq  painted  in  oil  on  the  panels 
of  the  wainscoting  ;  perhaps  something 
like,  though  of  a  less  ancient  cha- 
racter, the  fresco  paintings  at  Grove- 
house,  Woodford,  described  by  A.  J.  K. 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  Nov. 
1833.    The  paintings  are  executed  by 


a  masterly  though  hasty  pencil,  and 
represent  castles,  quays,  sea-pieces, 
landscapts,  and  other  subjects  of  a 
character  which  induces  me  to  refer 
them  to  the  hand  of  a  Dutch  artist. 
The  subject  of  one  of  them  is  Moses 
taken  from  the  bulrushes  ;  and  that  of 
another,  1  think,  is  the  Tor-hill  at 
Glastonbury  ;  but  perhaps  the  eye  of 
a  traveller  might  recognise  several  ob- 
jects of  continental  scenery  in  the 
others.  The  panels  of  the  drawing- 
room  (lighted  by  the  upper  window 
on  the  right  hand  in  the  wood-cut) 
are  also  painted  ;  each  bearing  a  head 
or  mask,  of  which  I  have  engraved  a 
specimen  : 


Digitized  by  Google 


J  835.] 


Mansion  at  Puncknowle,  Dorset. 


39 


The  older  part  of  the  house  now 
claims  little  attention  from  the  anti- 
quary, unless  for  its  massy  architec- 
ture, and  its  old  hall  wainscoted  with 
oak.    To  the  north  side  of  the  house, 
however,  is  attached   a  square  pro- 
jecting building,  with  an  upper  room, 
having  a  floor  of  square  bricks,  and 
ooce  lighted  by  two  round  holes  cut 
in  square  blocks  of  stone,  which  are 
worked  into  the  side  walls ;  and  the 
tradition  of  the  place  states  that  it 
was  a  place  of  defence  in  the  Crom- 
weUian  wars,  and  that  the  round  holes 
were  embrasures  for  cannon.  This, 
however,  could  not  be  the  case,  as  a 
stone  in  the  front  wall  bears  the  in- 
scription N. — R.A.K. — 1C63,  show- 
ing that  it  was  not  built  till  two  or 
three  years  after  Cromwell's  death. 
The  mansion,  moreover,  was  evidently 
Dever  fortified  ;  and  that  this  particu- 
lar portion  was  not  built  for  defence 
is  clear  from  the  character  of  its  ma- 
sonry.   Wood  was  carefully  excluded 
in  its  construction,  and  I  consider  it 
to  have  been  a  malt  kiln. 

In  the  churchyard  is  a  cross,  of 
which  I  send  you  an  engraving. 


f+  1 

r  1 

a  1 

s 

1  r 

11 

The  church  is  a  small  building,  con- 
sisting of  a  nave  and  chancel,  parted 
by  a  circular  arch ;  a  small  south  tran- 
sept, rebuilt  or  built  about  16G0,  by  the 


inhabitants  of  Bexington,  an  adjoin- 
ing hamlet ;  and  a  low  square  tower. 

In  the  transept  is  a  mural  monu- 
ment to  William  Napier,  Esq.  above 
the  cornice  of  which  are  the  arms  of 
Napier,  and  on  the  frieze  is  this  in- 
scription : 

44  Gulielmus  Napier,  armiger,  nuper 
hujus  ecclesie  patronus." 

Below  this,  on  a  tablet,  is  a  fine 
old  brass  ;  representing  the  gentleman 
kneeling  at  a  desk,  in  prayer,  with 
the  following  inscription  in  black  let- 
ter beneath  him  : 

44  Here  lyeth  William  Napper,  brother 
unto  Sr  Robert  Napper,  knyght,  who 
after  xvi  yeres  travell  in  forayne  landes, 
married  Anne  Shelton,  the  daughter  of 
William  Shelton,  of  Onger  parke  in  Es- 
sex, esquier,  by  whom  he  had  vi  sonnes  ; 
and  now  his  sole  beynge  unto  God,  his 
bodye  here  resteth  in  Jesu  Christ,  beynge 
of  the  age  of  ,  yeres,  deceased  the 
da  ye  of  Anno  Domini  16  .M 

From  the  blanks  for  this  gentleman's 
age,  and  the  time  of  his  death,  it 
would  seem  that  he  had  the  brass  en- 
graved in  his  lifetime;  and  that  his 
executors  or  relations,  with  unbecom- 
ing inattention  to  his  wishes,  left  it 
incomplete.    Under  the  brass  we  read 

44  Praedictus  Gulielmus  Napper  pre- 
sentavit  Gulielmum  Carter,  cler.  ad  banc 
rectoriam  xxv  die  Junii,  Anno  Domini 
1597,  legavit  et  x  libras,  in  usum  perpe- 
tuum  pauperum  ibidem." 

A  mural  monument  in  the  nave, 
with  a  circular  pediment  on  two  Co- 
rinthian pillars,  was  erected  by  Sir 
Robert  Napier,  in  1691,  in  memory  of 
his  father,  his  mother  Ann,  and  his 
mother-in-law  Catharine. 

Near  this  monument  is  another,  on 
a  tablet  under  a  circular  pediment, 
Tor  Sir  Robert  Napier,  who  died  1700, 
having  on  the  top  the  arras  of  Napier, 
with  the  motto  "  Major  Providentia 
Fato;"  and  underneath  this  odd  though 
humble  and  christianly  inscription. 
"  2KIA2  ONAP  AN6PQII02." 

44NON  MAGNA  LOQUIMUR  BED  VI VIMUS." 

14  Reader,  when  thou  hast  done  all 
that  thou  canst,  thou  art  but  an  unpro- 
fitable servant.  Therefore  this  marble 
affords  no  room  for  fulsome  flattery  or 
vaine  praise. 

S'  R,  N." 

44  Johannes  Hamiltonus,  Scoto-Bri- 
tannus,  fecit." 


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40 


Second  Commandment  altered  by  Roman  Catholics.  QJuly, 


Sir  C.  Napier  sold  the  Puncknowle  the  subterfuge,  and  practised  on  me 
estate  to  Wm.  Clutterbuck,  Esq.  whose  that  art  of  Jesuitism  in  which  he  was 
daughter  Arundel  married  the  Rev.  Geo.    not  inexpert 


Frome.  He  left  two  sons ;  George,  the 
late  Rector  of  Puncknowle,  and  Lord  of 
the  Manor,  and  Robert.  Robert  (not 
George,  as  stated  by  Hutchins)  married 
Jane,  sister  to  Mr.  Butler ;  and  had  three 
children  :  George  Clutterbuck,  Arundel 
Mary,  and  Emilia  (now  deceased). 


The  Aumoa  op  Curiosities 
of  Literature. 


Mr.  Urban,       Temple,  May  1 . 
IN  Article  IV.  of  No.  3  of  the  Phi. 


Inlogical  Museum  for  May  1832,  on 
"  Sir  William  Jones's  division  of  the 
George  Clutterbuck  Frome,  now  Rector  day,"  the  three  verses  well  remem- 
of  Puncknowle,  and  owner  of  the  ma-  bered  by  every  lawyer,  and  given  in 
nor,  married  Mary  Sophia,  daughter  sir  Edward  Coke's  First  Institute,  are 
of  E.  M.  Pleydell,  of  Whatcombe  not  stated  from  what  source  they 
House,  Dorset,  now  deceased,  by  whom  were  originally  taken  —  1  have  no 
he  has  issue  two  daughters,  Mary  doubt,  however,  that  they  were  para- 
Sophia,  and  ElUabetha  Arundel,  now    phrased  from  an  old  Greek  Epigram. 

The  three  lines  are  as  follows  : — 

Sex  horas  somno,  totidem  des  legibus  cquis, 
Quatuor  orabis,  des  epulisque  duas ; 
Quod  superest  ultro  sacris  largire 


minors. 


W.  Barnes. 


Mr.  Urban,  June  6. 

AN  anonymous  but  friendly  corre- 
spondent has  communicated  to  me  a 
correction  which  will  not  be  deemed 
unimportant. 

In  "  Curiosities  of  Literature,"  (9th 
edit.)  vol.  V.  p.  252,  I  have  said, 
"The  Protestant  persists  in  falsely 
imputing  to  the  Roman  Catholic  pub- 
lic formularies  the  systematic  omission 


of  the  second  Commandment. 


Now 


what  is  the  fact?"  continues  my  cor- 
respondent. "  The  Roman  Catholics 
have  no  authorised  version  of  the  Scrip- 
tures ;  and  we  know  how  averse  they 
are  to  circulate  them.  In  their  Ver- 
sions the  second  Commandment  is 


They  are  quoted  in  Coke,  I.  Inst. 
64  b ;  but  it  does  not  say  whether  that 
Great  Oracle  of  the  Law  cited  them 
from  any  other  work,  he  merely  call- 
ing them  "  Ancient  Verses,"  or  that 
he  was  himself  the  author  of  them. 
Although  I  am  inclined  to  think  the 
latter  seems  most  probably  to  have 
been  the  case ;  as  for  example,  in  our 
day,  Sir  Walter  Scott  has  given  in 
many  of  his  novels  original  verses, 
which  he  has  therein  feigned  to  be 
taken  from  an  "  Old  Play." 

The  first  and  second  lines  may  be 
thus  rendered. 


either  abiidged  or  mutilated.    In  their  t. 
Catechism  Books  it  is  often  omitted,         h<\ur8  on  *leeP»  <Jn  ^w, 

and  the  tenth  divided  to  make  up  the  ¥mJ^  *° 
number.   This  may  be  proved;  and 


these  are  chiefly  the  books  allowed  to 
be  circulated  among  the  people.  I 
have  now  on  my  table  proofs  of  what 
I  have  asserted."  Thus  far  my  anony- 
mous friend— and  I  entirely  subscribe 
to  his  statement.  Though  several 
years  have  elapsed  since  I  composed 
this  article  on  "  Political  Forgeries 
and  Fictions,"  I  perfectly  recollect  the 
occasion  of  my  positive  assertion.  In 
a  conversation  with  the  late  Charles 
Butler,  he  assured  me  it  was  a  calumny 
inflicted  on  the  Romanists ;  for,  he 
added,  and  I  think  showed  them  to 
me,  "We  have  the  Ten  Command- 
ments as  well  as  yourselves." 

It  is  possible  that  that  otherwise 


meals. 

The  idea  contained  in  which  is  most 
certainly  derived  from,  or  in  other 
words,  this  couplet  is  a  paraphrase  of, 
a  Greek  epigram  given  in  a  work  of  Kir- 
cher,  and  likewise  in  the  Anthologia. 

Athanasius  Kircher,  in  the  Chapter 
"  de  Horologiis  seu  Sciathericis  Ve- 
terum,"  observes — "  notis  literarum 
singularum  Horai  distinguebantur,  ut 
testatum  reliquit  Athenaus  sequent! 
epigrammato." 

'££  cSpat  p6x0ovs  Utavwrarai,  at  rc  n*r 
auras 

npaynaat  &<ucv6fj*vcu,  ZH6I  Xcyoucrt 
Pporots. 

And  which  he  goes  on  to  explain  in 
this  manner — "  Sex  hone  laborious 


amiable  Scholar  might  have  concealed    sufficiunt;  sequentcs  negotiis  desti- 


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1835.]  Verses  attributed 

Hunter ;  ZHOI  vero,  id  est,  7,  8,  9,  10, 
r<maln  vocant.  Ita  ut  A,  B,  T,  id  est, 
1.2,  3.  laboribua  ;  A,  E.  r,  id  est,  4, 
5,  6,  negotiis  civilibus  ;  Z,  H,  0, 1,  de- 
mqae,  id  eat,  7,  8,  9,  10  coeoali  re- 

ftcuoni  deputareutor."  Athanasii  Kir- 

ekni  (Edip.  jEgypt.)  torn.  II.  'pars.  2. 

cap.  VIII.  9.  2.  p.  229.    Edit.  Roma;. 

1653. 

Again,  the  same  distich  is  given  in 
the  Anthologia,  but  with  the  following 
slight  variation : 

*E£  mpai  iao^Oois  'ixavdtTarcu'  al  be  firr 
avras 

Vide  Anthologia  Gr*ca,  edit.  .7a- 
«c*.  Lipsix,  1804,  torn.  II.  p.  292. 
n.43. 

This  Epigram  is  thus  translated  into 
Latin,  in  the  edition  of  the  Anthologia, 
laterp.  Eilhardo  Lubino,  p.  256.  Lugd. 
Bat.  1604. 

Sex   hone   laborious  convenientissimse. 

Post  illas  vero, 
Uteris  demonstrate,  tire  dicunt  morta- 

htras. 

Which  lines,  being  interpreted,  are — 

Six  hours  are  most  convenient  for  work. 

Bat  after  them, 
rrhe  hours)  marked  by  the  letters  (Z,  H, 

0,  I,)  say  to  mortals,  (ZH0I)  live. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  for  me  to 
remark  that  this  distich,  as  contained 
in  the  Anthologia,  possesses  its  chief 
point,  or  double  signification,  that  is 
meant  to  be  conveyed  by  ZH8I.  The 
letters  Z,  H,  6,  I,"  as  we  learn  from 
Kircher,  designate  the  four  hours — 
7.  8,  9,  10.  used  on  the  ancient  Greek 
time- pieces  or  sun-dials,  and  were  set 
apart  for  refreshment*  and  amusement 
after  work;  which  the  letters  them- 
selves  tell  us  to  do  by  the  word  ZH6I, 
i.  e.  lite,  or  be  merry.    Whereas  that 
quoted  by  the  learned  Kircher  is  not 
only  difficult  to  be  made  sense  of,  but 
also  loses  the  double  force  and  point 
of  ZH0I.    The  Anthologia  states  the 
epigram  to  be  unknown  as  to  its  au- 
thor, though  Kircher  ascribes  it  to 
Athenrus.    Now  it  is  clear,  that  if  Sir 
Edward  Coke  was  himself  the  author 
(which  I  have  much  cause  to  think) 

•  This  would  se*m  almost  to  corres- 
pond with  our  present  fashionable  din- 

eer 'hours  !  vxr 
Gm.  Mao.  Vot.  IV. 


>  Sir  Edward  Coke.  4) 

of  the  three  Latin  verses  J  (tristich) 
nbove  cited,  he  must  have  read  the 
original  Greek  epigram  in  the  An- 
thologia, (as  he  was  a  goodly  scholar, 
and  had  received  his  education  within 
the  classic  walls  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  nothing  is  more  likely,) 
and  that  his  three  "  ancient  verses" 
were  paraphrased  by  him  from  that 
ancient  distich,  for  the  sake  of  con- 
veying his  quaint  advice  to  young 
lawyers  "  for  the  good  spending  of 
the  day/* 

I  will  next  briefly  observe  that  Sir 
William  Jones,  in  this  his  version  of 
the  lawyer's  day — 

Seven  hours  to  law,  to  soothing  slumber 

seven ; 

Ten  to  the  world  allot,  and  all  to  Heaven  I 

has  rendered  the  division  of  the  day§ 
more  useful  and  more  religious,  as 
well  as  the  couplet  more  elegant.  But 
it  is  perhaps  superfluous  to  have  sub- 
stituted "  all  to  heaven,"  instead  of 
"  four  hours  to  prayer,"  as  it  is  in 
the  original,  except  for  the  rhyme  ;  as 
I  can  conceive  no  pious  man  would 
spend  four  hours  daily  in  prayer,  who 
would  not  at  the  same  time  allot, 
whatsoever  might  be  his  employment, 
"  all  to  Heaven :" — that  is  to  say>  that 
whatsoever  he  was  doing,  he  would 
do  it  unto  God,  and  make  religion  the 
guide  of  all  his  ways.  King  David, 
we  remember,  prayed  three  times  a 
day,  and  thus  sings — "  In  the  evening 
and  morning,  and  at  noon-day  will  I 
pray." 

But  I  consider  it  to  be  tne  best 
maxim,  and  with  which  I  will  con- 
clude this  notice,  that  it  matters  little 
how  often  we  pray,  or  how  many  hours 
we  consume  in  prayer,  if  only  we  be 
ZABEOI,  truly  religious,  and  have  God 
always  in  all  our  thoughts ;  and  con- 
tinually, 1  will  add,  ZH6I  iv  Xpurru — 
live  in  Christ.       Yours,  &c.    I.  H. 


J  The  late  Mr.  Butler  speaks  of  them  as 
"  the  well-known  verses  of  Lord  Coke." 

§  St  Ambrose  (and  I  think,  from  his 
example,  St  Augustine)  divided  every 
day  into  three  tertian  of  employment: 
eight  hours  he  spent  in  the  necessities  of 
nature  and  recreation:  eight  hoars  in 
charity  and  business ;  and  the  other  eight 
hours  he  spent  in  study  and  prayer.— 
See  Jer.  Taylor* s  Holy  Dying,  chap.  1. 
Sect.  3.  s.  2. 

6 


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42 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


Poems  by  Lucius  Cahy,  Lord  Falkland. 


See  Falkland  dies,  the  virtuous  and  the  just." 

THIS  eulogy  by  Pope  is  founded  on  the  splendid  character  given  of  this 
nobleman  in  the  pages  of  Clarendon,  and  which  Walpole's  flippant  and  pa- 
radoxical censures  can  neither  tarnish  nor  destroy.    It  is  vain  that  this  ec- 
centric biographer  accuses  Falkland  of  debility  of  mind,  superstition,  moderate 
understanding,  weakness,  and  lastly  infatuation;  we  learn  from  a  far  higher 
and  better  authority — "  that  he  was  a  person  of  such  prodigious  parts  of 
learning  and  knowledge,  of  that  inimitable  sweetness,  and  delight  in  con- 
versation, of  so  flowing  and  obliging  a  humanity,  and  goodness  to  mankind, 
and  of  that  primitive  simplicity  and  integrity  of  life,  that  if  there  were  no  other 
brand  upon  this  odious  and  accursed  civil  war  than  that  single  loss,  it  must  be 
most  infamous  and  execrable  to  all  posterity."*  Clarendon  also  expressly  says 
♦f  him — "  that  he  was  a  man  of  excellent  parts,  of  a  wit  so  sharp,  and  a 
iature  so  sincere,  that  nothing  could  be  more  lovely.    That  the  most  polite  and 
accurate  men  of  the  University  found  in  him  such  an  immenseness  of  wit,  and 
such  a  solidity  of  judgment,  so  infinite  a  fancy,  bound  in  by  a  most  logical 
ratiocination — such  a  vast  knowledge,  that  lie  was  not  ignorant  of  any  thing, 
yet  such  an  excessive  humility,  as  if  he  had  known  nothing ;  that  they  fre- 
quently resorted,  and  dwelt  with  him,  as  in  a  College  situated  in  a  fairer  air, 
so  that  his  house  was  an  University  in  a  less  volume,  whither  they  came  not  so 
much  for  repose  as  study,  and  to  examine  and  refine  those  grosser  propositions 
which  laziness  and  consent  made  current  in  vulgar  conversation."    In  another 
place.  Clarendon  speaks  of  Lord  Falkland's  immense  knowledge,  his  excellent 
understanding,  and  the  wit  and  weight  of  his  speeches.    Now  this  is  praise 
in  solid  and  weighty  ingots,  and  is  not  to  be  dissolved  and  melted  away  in  the 
heat  of  Walpole's  capricious  imagination ;  for  it  is  not  only  very  exalted, 
but  it  is  precise  ;f  delivered  in  chosen  and  appropriate  language.    As  regards 
the  change  of  his  political  life,  we  conceive  that  the  same  noble  historian  who 
has  borne  witness  to  the  excellence  of  his  private  character,  has,  in  a  few  words, 
explained  it  to  all  candid  judges  of  human  conduct.  When  placed  in.  very  per- 
plexing situations,  and  where  the  exact  road  of  duty  was  difficult  to  discover 
and  to  keep,  and  where  right  motives  were  often  pushed  into  wrong  conclu- 
sions, and  when  the  furious  violence  of  faction  had  shattered,  or  severed  the 
constitutional  chain  that  bound  together  the  patriots  who  had  rallied  round  the 
liberties  of  their  country — placed  as  Lord  Falkland  was,  in  such  a  position, 
and  allowing,  as  we  have  a  right  to  allow  from  the  best  authority,  that  he  was 
a  man  of  wise  and  temperate  judgment,  of  great  constitutional  knowledge,  of 
high  principles,  and  a  noble  sense  of  duty  and  religion — we  say  that  the  rea- 
sons which  Lord  Clarendon  has  given  for  his  conduct,  are  such  as  to  remove 
from  him  the  blame  and  suspicion  that  Walpole  too  unguardedly,  and  even 
coarsely,  heaps  upon  him.    But  it  is  time  to  turn  from  such  discussions,  for 
our  purpose  is  to  consider  Lord  Falkland  not  as  a  politician,  but  as  a  poet ;  a 
character  in  which  we  believe  he  is  but  little  known  ;  and  we  confess  that  we 
shall  be  disappointed  if  his  poetry,  though  thrown  out  on  casual  hints,  and 
being,  as  it  were,  only  the  off-flowering  of  his  deeper  studies,  does  not  convey  to 


*  See  Walpole's  Noble  Authors,  and  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  and 
Life ;  Lloyd's  State  Worthies,  vol.  ii.  p.  256 ;  Granger's  Biog.  Hist,  of  England ; 
(Jibber's  Lives  of  the  Poets,  &c.  for  an  account  of  Lord  Falkland.  Lloyd  calls  him— 
4  a  knowing  Statesman  and  a  learned  Scholar."' 

t  Granger  says,  that  the  character  of  Lord  Falkland,  by  Clarendon,  appears  to  be 

ken  from  near  and  repeated  vieirt. 


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1835.1  Eclogue  on  the  Death  of  Ben  Jonson.  43 

the  readers  of  it  some  proof  that  the  praise  of  the  noble  historian  was  given 
with  truth  and  discrimination  ;  and  we  may  claim  the  humble  reward  that  is 
bestowed  on  industry,  when  we  mention  that  these  Poems  were  never  before 
collected  ;  that  Walpole  mentions  only  one  of  them ;  and  that  the  Elegy  by  Sir 
Francis  Wortlev,  is  not  alluded  to  by  him,  or  any  other  biographer  whom  we 
know.  We  shall  first  give- 
No.  I. 

A3  ECLOGUE  ON  THE  DEATH  OF   BEX  JOHNSON,    BETWEEN  MELVDCEUS  AND 

HYLAS.* 

Meiylaut.  Hylas,  the  clear  day  boasts  a  glorious  sunne, 

Our  troope  is  ready,  and  our  time  is  come ; 

That  fox  who  hath  so  long  our  lambs  destroy'd, 

And  daily  in  his  prosperous  rapine  joy'd, 

Is  earthed  not  far  from  hence ;  old  iEgon's  sonne, 

Rough  Corilas,  and  lusty  Coridon, 

In  part  the  sport,  in  part  revenge  desire, 

And  both  thy  tarrier  and  thy  aid  require. 

Haste,  for  by  this,  but  that  for  thee  we  staid, 

The  prey-devourer  had  our  prey  bin  made. 
Hylas.  Oh !  Melibssus,  now  I  list  not  hunt, 

Nor  have  that  vigor  as  before  I  wont. 

My  presence  will  afford  them  no  reliefe, 

That  beaste  I  strive  to  chase,  is  only  griefe. 
Mel.  What  meane  thy  folded  armes,  thv  downecast  eyes, 

Teares  which  so  fast  descend,  and  sighs  which  rise  ? 

What  meane  thy  words  which  so  distracted  fall, 

As  all  thy  joyes  had  now  one  funerall  ? 

Cause  for  such  griefe  can  our  retirements  yield  ? 

That  followes  courtes,  but  stoopes  not  to  the  field. 

Hath  thy  stern  step -dame  to  thy  sire  revealed 

Some  youthful  act,  which  thou  could' at  wish  concealed  ? 

Part  of  thy  herd  hath  some  close  thief  conveyed 

From  open  pastures  to  a  darker  shade  ? 

Part  of  thy  flock  hath  some  fierce  torrent  drown' d  ? 

Thy  harvest  failed  ?  or  Amaryllis  frown' d  ? 
Hyl.  Nor  love,  nor  anger,  accident,  nor  thiefe, 

Hath  raised  the  waves  of  my  unbounded  griefe ! 

To  cure  this  cause,  I  would  provoke  the  ire 

Of  my  fierce  step-dame,  or  severer  sire  ; 

Give  all  my  herds,  fields,  flocks,  and  all  the  grace 

That  ever  shone  in  Amaryllis'  face. 

Alas!  that  bard,  that  glorious  bard  is  dead, 

Who,  when  I  whilome  cities  visited, 

Hath  made  them  seeme  but  houres  which  were  full  dayes, 

Whilst  he  vouchsafed  me  his  harmonious  layes, 

And  when  he  lived,  I  thought  the  country  then 

A  torture,  and  no  mansion,  but  a  den. 
Mel.  Johnson  you  meane,  unlesse  J  much  doe  crre, 

I  know  the  person  by  the  character. 
Hyl.  You  guesse  aright,  it  is  too  truely  so, 

From  no  lesse  spring  could  all  these  rivers  flow. 
Mel.  Ah,  Hylaa!  then  thy  griefe  I  cannot  call 

A  passion,  when  the  ground  is  rationall ; 

I  now  excuse  thy  teares  and  sighs,  though  those 

To  deluges,  and  these  to  tempests  rose. 

*  From  Jonsonus  Virbius,  or  the  Memorie  of  Ben  Johnson  revived  by  the  friends 
of  the  Muses,  4to.  1638.  In  this  volume  are  verses  by  Buckhurst,  J.  Beaumont;  Sir 
T.  Hawkins,  H.  King,  H.  Coventry,  T.  May,  D.  Digges,  S.  Fortescue,  E.  Waller,  S. 
Howell,  W.  Abington,  S.  Vernon,  S.  C.  (Cleveland,)  S.  Mnyne,  W.  Cartwright,  J. 
Rutter,  O.  Feltham,  Sh.  Marmion,  S.  Ford,  &c.  See  a  letter  from  Sir  K.  Digby  to 
Dr.Duppa,  relative  to  the  publication  of  this  work,  (from  Hart.  MS.  4153.  f.  21)  in 
Private  Memoirs  of  Sir  K.  Digby,  Introd.  p.  liii. 


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44  Retrospective  Review.— Falkland's  Poemt.  [July, 

Her  great  instructor  gone,  I  know  the  age 

No  lessc  laments,  than  doth  the  widdow'd  stage, 

And  only  vice  and  folly  now  are  glad — 

Our  gods  are  troubled,  and  our  prince  is  sad. 

He  chiefly  who  bestowes  life,  health,  and  art, 

Feeles  this  sharpe  griefe  pierce  his  immortal  heart. 

He  his  neglected  lyre  away  hath  throwne, 

And  wept  a  larger,  nobler  Helicon, 

To  finde  his  hearbes,  which  to  his  wish  prevaile 

For  thelesse  loved,  should  his  own  favorite  faile, 

So  moaned  himself,  when  Daphne  he  ador'd, 

That  arts  relieving  all,  should  faile  their  lord. 
Hyl.  But  say,  from  whence  in  thee  this  knowledge  springs. 

Of  what  his  favour  was  with  gods  and  kings  ? 
Mel.  Dorus,  who  long  had  known  men,  books,  and  townes, 

At  last  the  honour  of  our  woods  and  downs. 

Had  often  heard  his  songs,  was  often  fir'd 

With  their  enchanting  power  e'er  he  retired, 

And  e'er  himself  to  our  still  groves  he  brought 

To  meditate  on  what  his  muse  had  taught ; 

Here  all  his  joy  was  to  revolve  alone, 

All  that  his  musickc  to  his  soule  had  showne. 

Or  in  all  meetings  to  direct  the  streame 

Of  our  discourse,  and  make  his  friend  his  theme, 

And  praising  works  which  that  rare  loome  had  weaved. 

Impart  that  pleasure  which  he  had  received. 

So  in  Bweet  notes,  (which  did  all  tunes  excell, 

But  what  he  prais'd)  I  oft  have  heard  him  tell 

Of  his  rare  pen  what  was  the  use  and  price, 

The  wayes  of  virtue,  and  the  scourge  of  vice ; 

How  the  rich  ignorant  he  valued  least, 

Nor  for  the  trappings  would  esteeme  the  beast ; 

But  did  our  youth  to  noble  actions  raise, 

Hoping  the  meed  of  his  immortal  praise. 

How  bright  and  soone  his  Muse's  morning  shone, 

Her  noone  how  lasting,  and  her  evening  none  I 

How  speech  exceeds  not  dumbenesse,  nor  verse  prose, 

More  than  his  verse  the  low  rough  rimes  of  those 

(For  such  his  seene  they  seem'd)  who  highest  rear'd, 

Possest  Parnassus  e'er  his  power  appear' d ; 

Nor  shall  another  pen  his  fame  dissolve, 

Till  we  this  doubtful  problem  can  resolve : — 

Which  in  his  works  we  most  transcendent  see, 

Wit,  judgment,  learning,  art,  or  industry ; 

Which  till  is  never,  so  all  jointly  flow, 

And  each  doth  to  an  equal  torrent  grow. 

His  learning  such,  no  author,  old  or  new, 

Escap'd  his  reading,  that  deserved  his  view ; 

And  such  his  judgment,  so  exact  his  test 

Of  what  was  best  in  bookes,  as  what  bookes  best, 

That  had  he  join'd  those  notes  his  labours  tooke, 

From  each  most  praised  and  praise-deserving  booke, 

And  could  the  world  of  that  choice  treasure  boast, 

It  need  not  care  though  all  the  rest  were  lost. 

And  such  his  wit,  he  writ  past  what  he  quotes. 

And  his  productions  far  exceede  his  notes. 

So  in  his  workes  where  ought  inserted  growes, 

He  noblest  of  the  plants  ingrafted  showes, 

That  his  adopted  children  equall  not, 

The  generous  issue  bis  own  brain  begot ; 

So  great  his  art,  that  much  which  he  did  write, 

Gave  the  tcist  wonder,  and  the  crowd  delight. 

Each  sort  as  well  as  sex  admir'd  his  wit, 

The  heet  and  shees,  the  boxes  and  the  pit ; 


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Eclogue  on  the  Death  of  Ben  Jonson. 


And  who  lesse  liked  within,  did  rather  chuse 

To  taxe  their  judgments,  than  suspect  his  Muse. 

How  no  spectator  his  chaste  stage  could  call 

The  cause  of  any  crime  of  his  ;  but  all 

With  thoughts  and  writs  purg'd  and  amended  rise, 

From  th*  ethicke  lectures  of  his  comedies, 

Where  the  spectators  act,  and  the  sham'd  age 

Blusheth  to  meet  her  follies  on  the  stage  ; 

Where  each  man  finds  some  light  he  never  sought, 

And  leaves  behind  some  vanitie  he  brought ; 

Whose  politics  no  lesse  the  minds  direct, 

Than  these  the  manners ;  nor  with  less  effect, 

When  his  majesticke  tragedies  relate 

All  the  disorders  of  a  tottering  state, 

All  the  distempers  which  on  kingdoms  fall. 

When  ease,  and  wealth,  and  vice  are  general, 

And  yet  the  minds  against  all  fear  assure, 

And  telling  the  disease,  prescribe  the  cure. 

Where,  as  he  tells  what  subtle  wayes,  what  friends 

(Seeking  their  wicked  and  their  wisht-for  ends), 

Ambitious  and  luxurious  persons  prove, 

Whom  rash  desires» or  mighty  wants  doth  move 

The  generall  frame  to  sap  and  undermine, 

Id  proud  Sejanus  and  bold  Catiline. 

So  in  his  vig'lant  prince  and  consul's  parts, 

He  shews  the  wiser  and  the  nobler  arts, 

By  which  a  state  may  be  unhurt  upheld. 

And  all  those  workes  destroy'd  which  hell  would  build. 

Who,  not  like  those  who  with  small  praise  had  writ, 

Had  they  not  call'd  in  judgment  to  their  wit. 

Us'd  not  a  tutoring  hand  his  to  direct, 

But  was  sole  workman  and  sole  architect. 

And  sure,  by  what  my  friend  did  daily  tell, 

If  he  but  acted  his  own  part  as  well 

As  he  writ  those  of  others,  he  may  boast 

The  happy  fields  bold  not  a  happier  ghost. 

Hyl.  Strangers  will  think  this  strange,  yet  he,  deare  youth, 
Where  most  he  past  belief,  fell  short  of  truth. 
Say  on  what  more  he  said — this  gives  reliefe ; 
And  though  it  raise  my  cause,  it  bates  my  griefe. 
Since  Fates  decreed  him  now  no  longer  hved, 
I  joy  to  hear  him  by  thy  friend  reviv'd. 

Mtl.  More  he  would  say  and  better  (but  I  spoile 
His  smoother  words  with  my  unpolished  style). 
And  having  told  what  pitch  his  work  attain' d, 
He  then  would  tell  us  what  reward  it  gain'd. 
How  in  an  ignorant  and  learn'd  age  he  swaid 
(Of  which  the  first  he  found,  the  second  made); 
How  he,  when  he  could  know  it,  reapt  his  fame. 
And  long  outlived  the  envy  of  his  name  ;  \ 
To  him  how  daily  flockt,  what  reverence  gave 
All  that  had  wit,  or  would  be  thought  to  have, 
Or  hope  to  gaine,  and  in  so  large  a  store 
That  to  his  ashes  they  can  pay  no  more, 
Except  those  few,  who  censuring,  thought  not  so, 
But  aim'd  at  glory  from  so  great  a  foe. 
How  the  wise,  too,  did  with  mere  wits  agree, 
As  Pembroke,  Portland,  and  grave  Aubigny ; 
Nor  thought  the  rigid'  st  senator  a  shame, 
To  contribute  to  so  deserv'd  a  fame. 
How  great  Eliza,  the  retreat  of  those 
Who  weak  and  injured  her  protection  chose, 
Her  subjects'  joy,  the  strength  of  her  allies, 
The  fear  and  wonder  of  her  enemies, 


46  Retrospective  Review—  Falkland 8  Poems.  [July. 

With  her  judicious  favours  did  infuse 

Courage  and  strength  into  his  younger  muse  ; 

How  learned  James,  whose  praise  no  end  shall  finde, 

(But  still  enjoy  a  fame  pure  like  his  mind), 

Who  favoured  quiet  and  the  arts  of  peace 

(Which  in  his  halcion  days  found  large  increase)  ; 

Friend  to  the  humblest  if  deserving  swaine, 

Who  was  himself  a  part  of  Phoebus'  traine  ; 

Declared  great  Johnson  worthiest  to  receive 

The  garland  which  the  Muses'  hands  did  weave, 

And  though  his' bounty  did  sustaine  his  days, 

Gave  a  more  welcome  pension  in  his  praise ; 

How  mighty  Charles,  amidst  that  weighty  care, 

In  which  three  kingdoms  as  their  blessing  share, 

Whom  as  it  tends  with  ever  watchful  eyes, 

That  neither  power  may  force,  nor  art  surprise, 

So  bounded  by  no  shore,  grasps  all  the  maine, 

And  far  as  Neptune  claims,  extends  his  raigne, 

Found  still  some  time  to  heare  and  to  admire 

The  happy  sounds  of  his  harmonious  lire. 

And  oft  hath  left  his  bright  exalted  throne, 

And  to  his  Muse's  feet  combined  his  own : 

As  did  his  Queen,  whose  person  so  disclosed  f  [In  his 

A  brighter  nymph  than  any  masks  disclosed,  \  Maskes.] 

When  she  did  joine  by  an  harmonious  choice 

Her  graceful  motions  to  his  powerful  voice  ; 

How  above  all  the  rest  was  Phoebus  fir'd 

With  love  of  arts,  which  he  himself  inspir'd, 

Nor  oftener  by  his  light  our  sense  was  cheer'd, 

Than  he  in  person  to  his  sight  appeard'd ; 

Nor  did  he  write  a  line,  but  to  supply 

With  sacred  flame  the  radiant  God  was  by. 

Hyl.  Though  none  I  ever  heard  this  last  rehearse, 
I  saw  as  much  when  I  did  see  his  verse. 

Mel.  Since  he  when  living  did  such  honors  have, 
What  now  will  piety  pay  to  his  grave  ? 
Shall  of  the  rich  (whose  lives  were  low  and  vile, 
And  scarce  deserve  a  grave,  much  less  a  pile) 
The  monuments  possess  an  ample  roome, 
And  such  a  wonder  lye  without  a  tombe  ? 
Raise  thou  him  one  in  verse,  and  there  relate 
His  worth,  thy  griefe,  and  our*  deplored  state ; 
His  great  perfections,  our  great  loss  unite, 
And  let  them  merely  weepe  who  cannot  write. 

Hyl.  I  like  thy  saying,  but  oppose  thy  choice ; 
So  great  a  taske  as  this  requires  a  voice 
Which  must  be  heard  and  listen' d  to  by  all ; 
And  Fame's  own  trumpet  but  appears  too  small. 
Then  for  my  slender  reede  to  sound  his  name, 
Would  more  my  folly  than  his  praise  proclaime  ; 
And  when  you  wish  my  weaknesse  sing  his  worth, 
You  charge  a  mouse  to  bring  a  mountain  forth. 
I  am  by  nature  formed,  by  woes  made  dull, 
My  head  is  emptier  than  my  heart  is  full ; 
Griefe  dolh  my  braine  impaire,  as  tears  supply, 
Which  makes  my  face  so  moist,  my  pen  so  dry. 
Nor  should  this  work  proceed  from  woods  and  dowries, 
But  from  th'  academies,  courts  and  towns ; 
Let  Digby,  Carew,  Killigrew,  and  Maine, 
Godolphin,  Waller,  that  inspired  traine, 
Or  whose  rare  pen  besides  deserves  the  grace, 
Or  of  an  equal  or  a  neighbouring  place, 
Answer  thy  wish,  for  none  so  fit  appeares 
To  raise  his  tombe  as  who  are  left  his  heires ; 


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1835.]  Eclogue  on  the  Death  of  Ben  Jonson.  47 

Yet  for  this  cause  no  labour  need  be  spent, 
Writing  bis  works  he  built  his  monument. 

Me!,  If  to  obey  in  this  thy  pen  be  lothe, 

It  will  not  seem  thy  wesicnesse  but  thy  sloth. 

Our  townes  prest  by  our  foes'  invading  might, 

Our  antient  Druids  and  young  virgins  fight, 

Employing  feeble  limbs  to  the  best  use  ; 

So  Johnson  dead,  no  pen  should  plead  excuse 

For  elegies,  howle  all  who  cannot  sing, 

For  tombes,  bring  turf  who  cannot  marble  bring. 

Let  all  their  forces  mix,  joine  verse  to  rime, 

To  save  his  fame  from  that  invader,  Time  ; 

Whose  power,  though  his  alone  may  well  restraine, 

Yet  to  so  wisht  an  end  no  care  is  vaine ; 

And  Time,  like  what  our  brookes  act  in  our  Bight, 

Oft  sinkes  the  weighty  and  upholds  the  light ; 

Besides  to  this,  thy  paines  I  strive  to  move, 

Less  to  expresse  his  glory  than  thy  love. 

Not  long  before  his  death,  our  woods  he  meant 

To  visit,  and  descend  from  Thames  to  Trent. 

Meete  with  thy  elegy  his  pastoral], 

And  rise  as  much  as  he  vouchsaft  to  fall. 

Suppose  it  chance  no  other  pen  doe  joine 

In  this  attempt,  and  the  whole  worke  be  thine, 

When  the  fierce  fire  the  rash  boy  kindled,  raign'd, 

The  whole  world  suffered — earth  alone  complain'd. 

Suppose  that  many  more  intend  the  same, 

More  taught  by  art  and  better  known  to  fame  ; 

To  that  great  deluge,  which  so  farre  destroy'd, 

The  earth  her  springs  as  Heaven  her  showers  emploid, 

So  may,  who  highest  marks  of  honours  weares, 

Admit  meane  partners  in  this  flood  of  tears ; 

So  oft  the  humblest  joine  with  loftiest  things, 

Nor  onely  princes  weepe  the  fate  of  king*. 

HyL  1  yield,  I  yield  !    Thy  words  my  thoughts  have  fir'd, 
And  I  am  less  persuaded  than  inspir'd  ; 
Speech  shall  give  sorrow  vent,  and  that  reliefe, 
The  woods  shall  echo  all  the  citie's  griefe. 
I  oft  have  verse  on  meaner  subjects  made : 
Should  I  give  presents  and  leave  debts  unpaid  ? 
Want  of  invention  here  is  no  excuse, 
My  matter  I  shalffind,  and  not  produce. 
And  (as  it  fares  in  crowds)  I  onely  doubt 
So  much  would  passe,  that  nothing  would  get  out ; 
Else  in  this  worke  which  now  my  thoughts  intend, 
1  shall  find  nothing  hard  but  how  to  end. 
I  then  but  ask  fit  time  to  smooth  my  layes, 
(And  imitate  in  this  the  pen  I  praise) 
"Which  by  the  subject's  power  embalm 'd  may  last, 
Whilst  the  sun  light,  the  earth  doth  shadows  cast ; 
And  feather' d  by  those  winges,  fly  among  men— 
Farre  as  the  fame  of  Poetry  and  Ben.  Falkland. 


In  our  next  article  we  shall  continue  Lord  Falkland's  poetical  productions  ; 
and  we  shall  terminate  this  by  a  list  of  what  appears  of  his  in  prose. 

1.  A  Speech  on  ill- Councillors  about  the  King.  1640. 

2.  A  Speech  against  the  Lord  Keeper  Finch  and  the  Judges. 

3.  A  Speech  against  the  Bishops.  Feb.  9,  1640. 

4.  A  Draught  of  a  Speech  concerning  Episcopacy,  found  among  his  papers 
printed  at  Oxford.  1644. 

5.  A  Discourse  concerning  Episcopacy. 


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48         Retrospective  Review.— Blount's  Ancient  Tenures.  [July, 

6\  A  Discourse  on  the  Infallibility  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  [One  G.  Holland, 
a  Popish  priest,  replying  to  this,  his  Lordship  published  the  following 
answer]  : 

7.  A  view  of  some  exceptions  made  against  the  discourse  of  the  Infallibility  of 
the  Church  of  Rome. 

8.  A  Letter  to  Mr.  F.  M.  [Printed  at  the  end  of  Mr.  Charles  Gataker's  Answer 
to  five  captious  Questions.]  1673.  4 to. 

9.  A  Letter  to  Doctor  Beale,  Master  of  St  John's  Coll.  Camb. 

Lord  Falkland  is  said  to  have  assisted  Chillingworth  in  his  book  called  the 
Religion  of  Protestants  :  this  is  asserted  by  Bishop  Barlow,  in  his  "  Genuine 
Remains."  There  appear  to  be  two  original  portraits  of  him  existing :  one  at 
Lord  Hyde's,  and  another  at  Longleat.  His  father,  Henry  Lord  Carey,  was 
also  an  author  :  indeed,  there  are  no  less  .than  four  of  this  illustrious  name 
who  appear  in  Walpole's  work.  The  creation  of  the  title  of  Viscount  Falkland 
took  place  10th  November,  1620. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Antient  Tenures  of  Land,  and  Jocular  Customs,  %c.  By  T.  Blount.  1679.  12mo. 

Page  8 — "  Robertus  Testard  tenuit  quandam  tcrram  in  villa  de  Guldeford 
per  serjantiam  custodiendi  meretrices  in  Domini  Regis."  By  *  meretrices/  was 
in  those  tiroes  understood  laundresses."  This  is  true ;  but  still  the  word 
shows  of  what  composition  the  washers  of  linen  were  framed.  So  also  p.  82 — 
"  Hamo  de  Gatton  tenet  maneriuro  de  Gateshull  in  com.  Surrey  de  Domino 
Rege  per  serjantiam  ut  erit  mareschallus  mere.tricutn,  cum  Dominus  Rex  venerit 
in  partibus  illis,  &c." — The  laundresses  were  properly  called  *  lotrices.' 

P.  69 — **  Walterus  de  Hevene  tenuit  manenum  de  Run  ham  in  com.  Norfolk 
in  capite  de  Domino  Rege  per  serjantiam  duarum  mutarum  vini  facti  de  Per- 
mains.  Hence  it  appears  that  Permain  cider  was  called  teine  in  the  time  of  Ed- 
ward the  First."  This  was  called  vinura  Piracium,  vin  Poirace;  there  was 
also  vinum  Rosatum.  The  book  on  the  wines  of  this  period  is  the  Onomasticon 
Brunsfeldii. 

P.  79 — "  Petrus  de  Baldewyn  tenet  quandam  serjantiam  in  Cumbes  in  com. 
Surrey,  ad  collegendara  lanam  Dominae  Reginac  per  albas  spinas."  What  is 
albas  spinas?  Does  it  mean  the  flocks  of  wool  that  the  sheep  have  left  on  the 
white  thorn  ? 

P.  89 — "  Et  habent  chaceam  suam  per  totam  Balivam  foresta*  predicts,  ad 
lepores,  vulpes,  murileyos,  tessones,  etad  omnimodas  hujusmodi  vermes."  Mu- 
rilegi  is  translated  by  Mr.  Blount '  wild  cats  ; '  but  1  doubt  whether  correctly. 
Wild  cats  are  called  '  catti.'  I  think  it  means  the  polecat,  stoat,  and  weazel, 
which  last  is  called  murilegus,  or  mouse-hound,  corrupted  to  mouse-hunt. 
P.  60 — "  Currendi  ad  lupum,  vulpem,  et  cattum,  ct  amovendi  omnem  vermin  am 
extra  forestam,"  &c. 

P.  38 — "  I  do  not  know  what  kind  of  dogs  is  meant  by  unam  meutam  canura 
Hayrectorum  ad  custum  Domini  Regis,"  &c.  P.  39 — "  Harriers  are  called  *  Har- 
recti  caniculi,'  or  beagles. 

I  shall  end  these  trifling  observations  with  extracting  some  verses  under  the 
head  of  "  Cholmer  cum  Dancing  in  com.  Essex.  Carta  Edwardi  Confessoris  : 

Ichfc  Edward  Konyng  Both  by  day  and  eke  by  night. 

Have  geven  of  my  forest  the  keping  And  houndes  for  to  holde, 

Of  the  Hundred  of  Cholmer  and  Dane-  Gode  and  swift  and  bolde, 

ing,  [ling>  Four  greyhounds  and  six  oraches. 

To  Randolf  Pcperking,  and  to  his  kind-  For  hare,  and  fox,  and  wild  cats, 

With  heart  and  hynd,  doe  and,bock,  And  thereof  Ich  made  hym  my  bock, 

Hare  and  fox,  cat  and  brock,  Witness  the  Bishop  Wolston, 

Wild  fowel  with  his  flock,  And  book  ylered  many  one, 

Partrich,  fesaunt  hen,  and  fesaunt  cock,  And  Sweyn  of  Essex  our  brother, 

With  green  and  wild  stob  and  stock,  And  te  ken  him  many  other, 

To  kepen  and  to  yemen  with  all  their  And  our  steward  Howelyn, 

might.  That  besought  me  for  hire. 


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1S35.] 


49 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


A  If 'rvd's  Anglo-  Saxon  Version  of  Metres  of  Boethius.    Here  we  have  a 
Metres  of  Boethius,  withanEng-  corrected  Anglo-Saxon  text,  with  a 
li*k  translation,  and  notes,  by  the  Rev.  literal  and  spirited  English  translation, 
-Samuel    Fox,  M.A.  of  Pembroke  which  in  a  striking  manner  often  re- 
CoUege,  Oxford ;  translator  of  the  presents  the  style  and  rhythm  of  the 
Poetical   Calender  of  the  Anglo-  Anglo-Saxon.     He  has  judiciously 
Saxons.  followed  the  MS.,  and  because  that 
A  taste  for  Anglo-Saxon  literature  is  without  accents,  he  has  omitted 
is  still  increasing.   The  most  unequi-  them  in  his  very  neatly  printed  volume, 
vocal  proof  of  this  is,  the  constant  de-  Mr.  Cardale  has  well  observed  that 
roand  for  standard  Anglo-Saxon  books,  the  works  of  Alfred  have  been  always 
To  meet  this  demand,  several  works  classed  among  those  writings  whichex- 
in  prose  and  poetry  have  within  a  few  hibit  the  Anglo-Saxon  language  in  its 
years  been  published.    Among  those  greatest  purity.    Considered  in  this 
in  prose  we  have  "  The  Will  of  King  point  of  view,  every  one  of  his  literary 
Alfred,"  with  an  English  translation  productions  is  interesting  and  valua- 
and  notes,  a  well-edited  and  neatly  We.    But  his  Boethius  possesses  a 
executed  volume  of  32  pages.    Mr.  higher  claim  to  attention.     In  his 
Cardale's  fine  but  cheap  edition  of  other  translations,  Alfred  has  seldom 
King  Alfred's  Anglo -Saxon  Version  of  introduced  any  original  matter.  In 
Boethius  De  Consolatione  Philosophies,  this,  on  the  contrary,  he  aspires  to 
with  an  amended  text,  and  a  very  va-  the  character  of  an  original  author  ; 
iuable  literal  English  version,  with  exercises  his  own  judgment ;  amplifies 
Warned  and  judicious  notes.    More  some  parts,  abridges  others,  and  adds 
recently  Mr.  Thorpe  has  favoured  the  a  variety  of  remarks  and  illustrations, 
public  with  a  neat  and  cheap  edition  The  work  of  Boethius,  De  Consolatione 
of  the  interesting  story  of  Apollonius  Philosophic,  independently  of  its  in- 
©/  Tyre.   The  Saxon  text  cannot  be  trinsic  merit,  is  interesting  from  the 
too  much  commended  for  its  accuracy,  circumstances  under  which  it  was 
and  for  the  care  which  has  been  taken  written.    Boethius,  a  Christian  phi- 
in  giving  the  accents  precisely  as  in  losopher,  was  made  consul  in  A.D. 
the  MS.  The  English  version  deserves  510.    For  his  defence  of  Albinus, 
praise  for   its  accuracy  and  spirit.  Theodoric  the  Gothic  King  of  Italy 
Commendation  is  due  to  the  Anglo-  cast  him  into  prison.    This  immortal 
Saxon  text,  and  the  English  transla-  work  was  composed  during  his  long 
tion,  of  the  same  gentleman's  larger  confinement,  which  was  terminated 
and  far  more  difficult  work,  Cadman's  by  his  death.    It  furnishes  a  practical 
metrical  paraphrase  of  parts  of  the  illustration  of  its  own  lessons,  and 
Holy  Scriptures,  with  notes,  and  a  ver-  proves  that  the  author,  under  his  mis- 
bal  index.    In  poetry  we  have  also  fortunes,   enjoyed  every  consolation 
The  Menologium,  or  Poetical  Calender  which  religion  and  philosophy  could 
of  the  Anglo-Saxons:  it  has  attracted  afford.    To  considerations  of  this  sort 
our  attention  by  its  neatness,  and  se-  may  be  attributed  the  general  predi- 
cured  our  approbation  by  the  care  with  lection  for  this  work  during  the  mid- 
which  it  was  prepared  by  the  Rev.  S.  die  ages.    We  have  reason  to  believe 
Fox.   We  ought  not  to  forget  the  neat  that  Alfred  received  comfort  from  it 
edition  of  Beowulf,  by  J.  M.  Kemble,  during  the  calamities  which  attended 
Esq.     This  fine  but  difficult  poem  the  early  part  of  his  reign, 
should  be  accompanied  with  a  trans-  Alfred's  poetical  versions  of  the  me- 
ntion and  notes,  which,  with  an  Anglo-  tres  was  a  subsequent  work.  The 
Saxon  Glossary,  by  the  same  editor,  introduction,  originally  prefixed  to  the 
is,  we  hear,  on  the  eve  of  publication.  Cottonian  MS.  and  therefore  properly 
The  last  and  the  most  deserving  of  given  by  Mr.  Fox,  is  evidently  not  the 
our  present  notice  is  the  Rev.  S.  Fox's  production  of  Alfred  himself,  as  will 
edition  of  King  Alfred's  Version  of  tlie  be  clear  from  the  first  five  lines. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  H 


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.00 


Rbvibw.— King  Alfred  s  Version  of  Boethius.  [July, 


pur  £2lppeb  up 
ea!b-pj>ell  peahte. 
Eymnx,  pept-pexna. 
cpcept  melbobe. 
leofe-pyphta  hpt. 

These  lines  are,  however,  an  addi- 
tional proof,  if  any  were  wanting,  that 
our  glorious  King  Alfred  the  Great 
was  the  translator  of  Boethius,  and 
the  author  of  the  metrical  version. 


Thus  Alfred  to  us 

An  old  story  told ; 

The  King  of  West  Saxons 

Displayed  his  art, 

His  poetic  skilL 

rious  and  manifold  worldly  occupa- 
tions, which  often  busied  him  both  in 
mind  and  in  body,"  of  which  he  so 
feelingly  complains.  When  he  had 
overcome  the  difficulties  which  beset 


What  is  usually  called  the  prose    him,  it  is  supposed  that  he  reduced 


version  of  Boethius,  contains  the  me- 
tres ;  but  the  translation  is  not  in 
verse,  although  from  the  nature  of  the 
subject  it  nearly  approaches  poetry. 
Alfred,  it  is  supposed,  wrote  this  por 
tion  when  harassed  with  those 

We  give  a  specimen  :— 

hi  op  anum  rpaem. 
ealle  comon 
pepe  3  pipe 
on  populb  mnan. 

Ppy  5e  ponne  a?ppe. 
opep  ofcpe  men. 
opepmobrgen. 
buton  anbpeopce. 
nu  ge  usebelne. 
aemj  ne  meta^5. 
ppy  ge  eop  pop  sbeliun. 
up  ahebban  nu. 
On  baem  mobe  brS. 
roonna  jehpilcum. 
ba  piht  aebelo. 


the  translation  of  the  Metres  to  that 
form  in  which  they  have  been  handed 
down  to  us ;  being  at  once  a  monu- 
ment of  royal  industry,  and  a  pure 
specimen  of  the  poetry  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons/'— p.  HI. 


44  They  from  one  pair. 
All  came, 
Men  and  women 
Into  Me  world."— p.  64. 

*'  Why  do  ye  then  ever. 
Over  other  men. 
Proudly  exalt  yourselves. 
Without  cause, 
Since  ye  do  not  find 
Any  ignoble  ? 

Why  do  ye  for  your  nobility 
Lift  up  yourselves  ? 
In  the  mind  is 
To  every  one  of  men 


The  true  nobility."— p.  65. 
We  have  only  room  for  a  fine  sentiment  in  the  closing. 

"  Man  alone  goeth. 


OOan  ana  jariS. 
metobep  jepceajta. 
nub  hip  anbpliran. 
upon  5t»juhte. 
ODib  by  ijp  getacnob. 
baet  hij*  tpeopa  rceal. 
anb  hip  mob-gebonc. 
ma  up  bonne  niep 
nabban  to  heojronum. 
py  laer  he  hip  luge  penbe. 
nibep  rpa  baep  nyten. 
Nip*]?  jrbapenlic. 
pet  re  mob-pepa. 
monna  aenigep. 
pibep-healb  pepe. 
anb  bait  neb  uppeapb. 


Of  the  Maker's  creatures. 
With  his  countenance 
Upright. 

By  that  is  betokened, 
That  his  trust  shall. 
And  his  mind, 

More  upwards  than  downwards 

Aspire  to  the  heavens. 

Unless  he  his  mind  should  bend 

Downwards  like  the  beasts. 

It  is  not  seemly 

That  the  mind 

Of  any  man 

Should  be  downwards. 

And  his  face  upwards." — p.  140. 


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1855.1 


fUrixw. — Translation  o 


Mr.  Fox  properly  states  that  "  It  is 
now  ascertained  beyond  all  doubt, 
that  alliteration  is  the  chief  characte- 
ristic of  Anglo-Saxon  verse  ;  and  this 
is  also  accompanied  with  a  rhythm 
which  clearly  distinguishes  it  from 
pro^e ;  but  in  many  parts  of  these 
metres,  as  they  stand  in  Junius's  MS. 
and  Rawlinson's  printed  edition  of 
1698,  there  is  neither  alliteration  nor 
rhythm;  to  say  nothing  of  the  obscu- 
rity which  arises  from  this  faulty  col- 
location.   It  has,  therefore,  been  ray 
endeavour  in  this  edition  to  restore 
the  text  to  what  I  conceive  to  have 
been  its  original  purity,  by  preserving 
the  all  iteration  and  rhythm ;  and  by 
this  change  in  the  punctuation,  the 
sense  of  passages  which  before  was  in 
many  places  doubtful,  is  become  clear 
and  obvious.  This  alteration,  as  it 
is  merely  a  change  in  the  punctua- 
tion without  any  variation  in  the  ori- 
ginal orthography,  will  not,  I  trust, 
be   considered  an  unpardonable  li- 
berty."—p.  5,  Pref.  —  "  The  change 
in  punctuation  occurring  very  fre- 
quently, it  would  be  tedious  to  re- 
mark upon  every  case ;  the  reader  is, 
therefore,  referred  to  Rawlinson's  edi- 
tion, if  he  question  the  correctness 
of  the  present  text.   As  it  has  been 
my  desire  to  present  a  pure  and  cor- 
rect edition  of  the  Saxou  text,  I  hope 
those  who  differ  with  me  in  opinion 
will  consider  the  difficulty  as  well  as 

importance   of  the  undertaking."  

p.  6,  Pref. 

There  can  scarcely  be  a  greater 
cause  for  suspecting  that  a  man  is 
wrong,  than  his  over- confidence  that 
he  is  right ;  his  contracted  view  only 
allows  him  a  limited  prospect,  hence 
he  sees  no  difficulties,  and  is  dogmati- 
cal and  dictatorial.  Such  a  spirit  in- 
jures the  cause,  however  good,  which  it 
espouses.  On  the  other  hand,  when  a 
mind  is  so  enlarged  as  to  take  an  ex- 
panded view,  difficulties  are  seen,  and, 
therefore,  generally  avoided.  It  is  in 
literature  and  science  as  in  nature, 
the  higher  the  mountain  is  ascended, 
the  more  extended  is  the  view.  One 
height  after  another  has  successively 
brought  so  many  new  objects  before 
the  mind,  and  enabled  it  to  look  down 
upon  old  objects  with  an  enlarged 
▼iew,  in  so  clear  a  light  as  to  bring  a 
deep  conviction  that  another  elevation 
may  still  extend  the  prospect.  This 
experience  ever  produce*  a  modest  dif- 


51 

fidence,  and  an  unwillingness  to  make 
unlimited  assertions.  Mr.  Fox  has 
written  under  this  conviction,  and  has 
produced  a  work  most  creditable  to 
himself,  and  useful  to  Anglo-Saxon 
students.  We  wish  the  discussion 
concerning  the  Oxford  professors  had 
partaken  more  of  the  spirit  here  com- 
mended. When  the  professor's  chair 
at  Oxford  next  becomes  vacant,  we 
feel  convinced  Mr.  Fox's  modest  but 
well-deserved  claims  cannot  be  for- 
gotten. 


Specimen  of  a  New  Translation  of 
the  Luciad  of  Camoens,  Sfc.  by  Henry 
Christmas,  of  St.  John's  coU.  Comb. 

WHILE  all  lovers  of  poetry  must 
admire  the  spirit  and  elegance  of 
Mickle's  translation  of  Camoen's  no- 
ble Poem,  they  at  the  same  time  might 
justly  desire  one  more  faithful  to  the 
Poet's  meaning,  and  more  closely  re- 
sembling the  original  in  the  form  and 
structure  of  the  metre.  This  Mr. 
Christmas  has  attempted  to  do  in  the 
present  specimen,  and  not  we  think 
without  success.  His  versification  is 
harmonious  and  correct,  his  language 
elegant,  and  his  conception  spirited 
and  poetic.  We  will  give  a  short 
specimen  of  the  rival  versions. 

Mickle. 

Arms  and  the  heroes  who  from  Lisbon's 
shore,  [before ; 

Thro'  seas  where  sail  was  never  spread 
Beyond  where  Ceylon  lifts  her  spicy 
breast,  [waste, 
And  waves  her  woods  above  the  watery 
With  prowess  more  than  human  forced 
their  way 

To  the  fair  kingdoms  of  the  rising  day. 
What  wars  they  wng'd,  what  seas,  what 

dangers  past,  [at  last; 

What  glorious  empire  crown'd  their  toil 
Venturous  I  sing,  on  soaring  pinions 

borne,  [adorn. 
And  all  my  country's  wars  the  song 
What  kings,  what  heroes  of  my  native 

land 

Thunder' don  Asia's  or  on  Afric's  strand. 
Illustrious  shades  t  who  levelled  with  the 
dust 

The  idol  temples  and  the  shrines  of  lust ; 
And  where  e'erwhile  foul  demons  are  re- 
ver'd, 

To  holy  faith  unnumber'd  altars  rear'd ; 
Illustrious  names  with  deathless  laurels 

crown'd.  [nown'd. 
While  time  rolls  on  in  every  clime  re- 
Let  Fame  with  wonder  name  the  Greek 

no  more ;  [bore  ; 

What  lands  he  saw,  what  toils  at  «ea  he 


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52 


Review. — Christ  mas  s  Translation  of  Camoens.  [Juty* 


No  more  the  Trojan's  wandering  voyage 
boast,  coast ; 

What  storms  he  brav'd  on  many  a  per'lous 
No  more  let  Rome  exult  in  Trojan's 
name, 

Her  eastern  conquests  Amnion's  pride 
proclaim. 

A  nobler  hero's  deeds  demand  my  lays 
Than  e'er  adorn'd  a  song  of  ancient  days. 
Illustrious  Gama,  whom  the  waves  obey'd, 
And  whose  dread  sword  the  fate  of  em- 

pires  sway'd  I 
And  you,  fair  nymph  of  Tagus!  parent 
stream,  [theme, 
If  e'er  your  meadows  were  my  pastoral 
While  you  have  listened,  and  by  moon- 
shine seen,  [green ; 
My  footsteps  wander  o'er  your  banks  of 
Oh  come  I  auspicious,  and  the  song  inspire, 
With  all  the  boldness  of  your  hero's  fire; 
Deep  and  majestic  let  the  numbers  flow, 
And  rapt  to  Heaven  with  ardent  fury  glow. 
Unlike  the  verse  that  speaks  the  lover's 
grief,  [relief ; 
When  heaving  sigh9  afford  their  soft 
And  humble  reeds  bewail  the  shepherd's 
pain —  [strain, 
Hut  like  the  warlike  trumpet  be  the 
To  rouse  the  hero's  ire ;  and  far  around 
With  equal  rage  your  warrior's  deed  re- 
sound— 

And  thou,  oh !  born  the  pledge  of  happier 
days,  [raise ; 

To  guard  our  freedom  and  our  glories 
Given  to  the  world  to  spread  religious 
sway,  [day ; 

And  pour  o'er  many  a  land  the  mental 
Thy  future  honors  on  thy  shield  behold, 
The  cross  and  vietor's  wreath  emboss'd 
in  gold. 

At  thy  commanding  frown  we  trust  to  see 
The  Turk  and  Arab  bend  the  suppliant 
knee ; 

Beneath  the  morn,  dread  king,  thy  em- 
pire lies,  [skies ; 
When  midnight  veils  thy  Lusitanian 
And  when  descending  in  the  western  main, 
The  sun  still  rises  on  thy  lengthening 
reign,  &c. 

Christma*. 

Arms,  and  the  daring  man  who  from  the 
shore 

Of  western  Lusitania's  fair  domain, 
Through  seas  unplough'd  by  venturous 

bark  before, 
Sail'd  on  beyond  the  far  off  Taprobane. 
Sing,  Muse,  their  perils  on  the  stormy 
main,  [man  might 

Their  conquests  wide  for  more  than  hu- 
E'en  to  the  mightiest  promis'd  to  ob- 
tain ; 

And  that  vast  empire  which  to  glory's 
height, 

They  rais'd  in  lands  remote  in  darkest 
Pagan  night. 


And  with  the  song,  your  fame,  great  Kings, 

be  blended, 
Who  far  around  your  faith  and  empire 

spread; 

Whose  heavy  wrath  on  Afric's  realms 
descended, 

To  whom  sad  Asia  l>ends  her  humbled 
head ; 

And  ye  who,  following  on  where  valour 
led, 

Heroes !  your  hand  from  Death's  stern 

laws  have  freed, 
Far  as  the  sunbeams  o'er  the  earth  are 

shed, 

Would  I  proclaim  each  bright  trium- 
phant deed,  [deign  to  heed. 
If  this  my  lowly  prayer  high  genius 

Name  not  the  Trojan,  or  renowned  Greek, 
Sad  wanderers  over   ocean's  pathless 

wild,  [to  seek. 

Nor  him  who  dar'd  the  Dacian  wastes 
Nor  him   of  PeUa,  Victory's  favour' d 

child. 

I  sing  the  Lusian  chief— the  victor  mild. 
Whom  earth  and  sea  acknowledged  as 
their  lord,  [defil'd. 
Search  not  the  heathen  page  with  crime 
Cease,  Muse,  thine  ancient  story  to  re- 
cord, [heart  and  sword. 
Far  nobler  theme  is  mine,  far  worthier 
Nymphs  of  the  Tagus,  ye  who  in  my 
soul,  [song  ; 
Have   kindled  up   the   sacred   fire  of 
If  strain  of  mine,  when  your  bright  waters 
roll,  [along. 
Tuned  to  their  praise  was  ever  poured 
Now  be  my  Muse  like  your  own  currents 
strong,                       [roic  tale. 
Sweet,  full,  and  clear,  and  o'er  the  he- 
Scatter  what  splendour  to  the  theme  be- 
long, 

Then  e'en  Castalia's  sacred  fount  shall 
fail,  [cloud  to  sail. 

O'er  your  fair  brows  to  cause  one  envious 

Pour  forth  the  sounding  fury — not  the  lay 
Of  idle  pipe  or  lover's  gentle  lute ; 
But  the  loud  trumpet  blast  that  in  the  day 
Of  battle,  in  the  fierce  and  hot  pursuit, 
Doth  the  tir'd  arm  and  wearier  heart  re- 
cruit. 

Oh !  for  an  equal  ardour,  that  the  strain, 
Deeds  e'en  like  yours,  ye  Lusian  chiefs  ! 

may  suit,  [main, 
'Till  the  Isles  echo  them  beyond  the 
If  e'er  my  simple  Muse  such  glorious  fate 

obtain. 

And  thou,  O  Prince,  on  whom  our  hopes 

are  founded, 
Of  Lusitania's  ancient  freedom;  thou 
Whose  arm  shall  burst  the  barriers  that 

have  bounded  [now 
Christ's  flock  on  earth  for  ages— even 
Afric's  swarth  Moor  before  thy  lance 

cloth  bow  :  [sing 
Pride  of  our  age,  to  thee !  to  thee  I 


- 


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lS3i.]        Review. — Riddell's  Legal  and  Historical  Tracts.  $3 


Lo\  God  hath  wreath' d  the  laurels  round 
thy  brow, 

His  arm  is  with  thy  sword — that  thou 
should' st  bring       [Eternal  King, 
The  wanderin?  tribes  of  earth,  to  earth's 

Branch  of  a  stately  stem,  now  fair  and 
tender  1 

Yoang  scion  of  a  race,  far  dearer  care 
Of  Heaven  than  all  the  imperial  pomp 

and  splendour,  [bear ! 

That  the  broad  bosom  of  the  west  doth 
See  thine  own  warlike  shield:  for  present 

there,  [tory, 
Gkims  the  dread  sign  of  ancient  vic- 
Srmbol  that  once  Heaven's  monarch 

deign' d  to  wear 
The  form  of  man,  and  died  on  earth 

that  we  [hell  be  free. 

3d  ight  from  the  bondage  dire  of  sin  and 

Lord  of  a  thousand  lands  I  whose  empire 
wide  [beam, 
First  smiles  beneath  the  morning's  early 
Shines  out,  when  in  mid-heaven  the  sun 
doth  ride, 

And  glows  beneath  his  latest  evening 
gleam ;  [arm  we  deem 

Oh.  King!  whose  sword,  whose  potent 
Full  ? oon  the  power  of  Ishmael's  sons 
shall  shake,  [dream 
Startle  the  eastern  Turk  from  his  dull 
Of  ease  and  of  security,  and  make 
Tbe  dark  Gentoo  that  drinks  the  sacred 
river,  quake,  &c. 

This  specimen  we  consider  to  be 
quite  good  enough  to  induce  the  author 
to  proceed  in  his  undertaking.  It  will 
be  seen  that  a  few  of  his  expressions 
are  weak,  and  some  not  so  skilfully 
turned  as  they  ought  to  be ;  but  his 
measure  we  decidedly  prefer  to  Mic- 
kle's  ;  and  thus  differing  from  his  pre- 
decessor, both  in  the  structure  of  his 
verse  and  in  the  plan  of  execution, 
we  shall  willingly  accept  two  versions 
of  Camoens,  executed  on  different 
principles,  as  we  possess  two  versions 
of  Homer. 


Tracts,  Legal  and  Historical,  with  other 
Antiquarian  Matter,  chiefly  relative 
to  Scotland.  By  John  Rid  dell,  Esq. 
Advocate.  Edinburgh,  pp.  224,  8vo, 
1835. 

THIS  volume  contains  three  anti- 
quarian papers,  the  first  being  '  a  re- 
ply to  Mr.  Tytler's  remarks  upon  the 
death  of  Richard  II.;'  the  second,  'Ob- 
servations upon  the  representation  of 
the  Rusky  and  Lennox  families;'  and 
the  third,  '  Remarks  upon  the  law  of 


legitimation  per  subsequent  matrimo- 
nium.'   The  first  of  these  papers  is  the 
only  one  that  possesses  any  great  in- 
terest on  this  side  the  Tweed,  and  we 
shall  tale  advantage  of  the  opportu- 
nity it  affords  us  of  laying  before  our 
readers  some  brief  remarks  upon  the 
questions  respecting   the   death  of 
Richard  II.  which  have  been  recently 
agitated  amongst  antiquaries.  We 
shall  thus  be  enabled  to  do  justice  to 
the  present  author,  by  clearly  exhibit- 
ing the  new  information  he  has  con- 
tributed.   Before  entering,  however, 
upon  the  subject,  we  must  express  our 
displeasure  at  the  scornful  and  con- 
temptuous style  which  he  too  fre- 
quently adopts  in  his  allusions  to  Mr. 
Tytler.     Such  a  style  ought  to  be 
carefully  abstained  from  in  all  merely 
literary  controversies,  and  certainly, 
in  the  present  case,  is  most  unjust. 
Mr.  Tytler  may  be  right  or  wrong  in 
his  opinions  respecting  Richard  II., 
or  any  other  disputed  point  of  history, 
but  his  great  merits  as  an  historian 
are  unquestionable.    His  works  en- 
title him  to  the  respect  of  all  his  fellow- 
labourers,  and  more  especially  of  those 
whose  attainments  do  not  exceed  the 
comparatively  humble  standard  of  the 
present  author. 

On  the  27th  October,  1399,  Richard 
II.  was  sentenced  to  perpetual  impri- 
sonment in  some  unfrequented  place. 
He  was  to  be  guarded  by  sure  and 
sufficient  persons ;  no  one  who  had 
formerly  belonged  to  his  household 
was  to  be  permitted  about  his  per- 
son, and  these  directions  were  to  be 
carried  into  effect  with  the  greatest 
possible  secresy.  At  the  time  of  pass- 
ing this  'judgment,'  Richard  was  con- 
fined in  the  Tower  of  London.  He 
was  afterwards  conveyed  to  Leeds 
Castle,  in  Kent,  and  thence  to  Ponte- 
fract. 

Early  in  the  succeeding  year  a  for- 
midable conspiracy  for  his  restoration 
was  treacherously  disclosed,  and  easily 
defeated.  The  conspirators  comprised 
the  Earls  of  Kent,  Huntingdon,  and 
Salisbury,  the  Lords  Lumley  and  Des- 
pencer,  and  many  of  the  most  faithful 
of  the  relatives  and  adherents  of 
Richard.  The  premature  discovery  of 
their  plot  rendered  success  impossible, 
and  all  the  persons  we  have  enume- 
rated were  arrested  and  put  to  death 
in  various  parts  of  England.  The 


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5  4  Revikw.— Riddell  on  the  Death  of  Richard  II.  [July, 

conspiracy  was  revealed  on  the  5th  coffin  to  Westminster  Abbey,  to  a 

January,  1400,  and  before  the  middle  tomb  prepared  by  Richard  himself, 
of  the  same  month  all  the  principal  con-       It  is  contended  by  one  of  the  two 

spirators  had  probably  ceased  to  exist,  parties  which  have  arisen  in  the  anti- 

and  with  them  had  ended  the  hope  of  a  quarian  world  upon  this  subject,  that 

re-action  in  favour  of  Richard.  One  of  this  exhibition  of  a  body  was  a  mere 

the  measures  adopted  by  these  conspi-  farce  intended  to  deceive  the  people ; 

rators,  was  to  spread  abroad  reports  that  that  the  body  exhibited  was  not  that 

Richard  had  escaped  from  custody,  and  of  Richard,  and  that,  in  point  of  fact, 

was  stationed  at  Pontefract,  at  the  head  Richard  was  not  then  dead,  but  had 

of  a  large  army.    The  latter  part  of  the  escaped  into  Scotland.    The  other 

rumour  was  certainly  untrue,  and,  in  party  insists,  of  course,  upon  the  bona 

all  probability,  it  was  equally  so  that  fides  of  the  exhibition,  and  endeavours 

he  had  effected  his  escape.   True  or  to  establish  the  fact  that  Richard  was 

false,  however,  the  notion  was  exten-  at  that  time  really  dead, 
sively  circulated,  and  exercised  an  in-       Upon  referring  to  the  early  autho- 

fluence  over  the  public  mind,  which  rities,  there  may  be  found  three  dif- 

by  no  means  ceased  upon  the  total  fercot  accounts  of  the  manner  of  his 

defeat  of  the  conspiracy.  death.    One  is,  that  he  was  assasai- 

In  the  course  of  the  succeeding  nated  by  Sir  Piers  Exton ;  but  that 
month  of  February,  the  metropolis  ap-  account,  although  rendered  popular  by 
pears  to  have  been  agitated  by  contra-  having  been  adopted  by  Shakspeare, 
dictory  rumours  respecting  Richard ;  cannot  be  traced  to  any  satisfactory 
it  being  asserted  on  the  one  side  that  authority,  and  has  therefore  been  ge- 
he  was  dead,  with  probably  many  con-  ncrally  abandoned.  The  second  and 
tradictions  as  to  the  manner  of  his  third  accounts  attribute  his  death  to 
death,  and,  on  the  other,  that  he  was  starvation,  but  differ  as  to  its  occa- 
living  either  at  Pontefract,  or  else-  sion ;  the  one  declaring  it  to  have  been 
where.  With  a  view  to  quiet  the  voluntary,  springing  out  of  grief  for 
public  mind,  the  council  determined  the  loss  of  his  relatives  and  friends 
to  speak  to  the  King  upon  the  subject,  who  were  put  to  death  on  account  of 
and  to  recommend  to  him  that,  if  their  the  defeated  conspiracy,  and  the  other 
late  Sovereign  were  alive,  he  should  enforced,  by  order  of  Henry  IV.  The 
be  strictly  guarded,  and,  if  dead,  that  authority  of  all  these  accounts  is 
his  body  should  be  openly  shewn  to  shaken  by  their  being  based  by  the 
the  people.  It  will  be  observed  that  Chronicles  themselves  upon  no  better 
at  that  time  the  council  were  in  utter  foundation  than  mere  rumour.  They 
ignorance  of  Richard's  fate,  and  con-  are  all  qualified  by,  '  as  is  report, 
sequently,  if  it  were  the  result  of  foul  ed/— '  as  is  commonly  said/  or  si- 
play,  it  is  to  Henry,  and  not  to  his  milar  doubtful  phrases ;  but  it  will 
advisers,  that  the  crime  must  be  at-  be  remarked  that  this  doubtfulness 
tributed.  affects  merely  the  manner   of  Ri- 

Shortly  after  this  recommendation,  chard's  death,  and,  in  answer  to  the 

it  was  rumoured  that  Richard  had  advocates  for  his  escape,  it  is  suffi- 

died  upon  St.  Valentine's  day,  and  a  cient  if  good  reason  can  be  shewn  for 

corpse  which  was  stated  to  be  his,  a  belief  in  the  fact  of  his  death,  even 

was  brought  from  Pontefract  to  Lon-  although  nothing  had  ever  been  ru- 

don,  and  was  exhibited  to  the  people  moured  as  to  the  manner  in  which 

at  the  priucipal  intervening  places.  In  that  event  occurred.    As  to  the  fact 

London  it  was  exposed  to  view  at  St.  of  his  death,  all  the  English  authorities, 

Paul's  on  two  successive  days,  and  is  and  they  are  many  and  of  various' 

said  to  have  been  seen  by  twenty  kinds,  agree,  with  merely  this  diffe- 

thousand  persons,  the  face  being  un-  rence,  that  those  who  wrote  with  a 

covered  from  the  lower  part  of  the  favourable  feeling  towards  Henry,  at- 

forehead  to  the  throat.    Henry  at-  tributed  the  event  to  grief  and  volun- 

tended  the  funeral  ceremony  at  St.  tary  famine,  those  who  were  on  the 

Paul's,  and  the  body  was  immediately  other  side  accused  the  reigning  sove- 

afterwards  conveyed  to  Langley,  in  reign  of  having  had  a  share  in 
Hertfordshire,  where  it  was  interred. 

His  son  and  successor  removed  the     '  The  deep  damnation  of  his  taking  off.* 


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Rev  i  kw.— Riddell  on  t, 

The  case  set  up  in  answer  to  this  by 
the  advocated  for  the  Scottish  Richard, 
rests  principally  upon  two  Scottish  au- 
thorities. They  represent  that  Richard 
found  means  to  escape  from  Pontefract, 
and  succeeded  in  reaching  the  Scottish 
Isles.  That  he  was  accidentally  recog- 
nised when  sitting  in  the  kitchen  of 
Donald,  Lord  of  the  Isles,  by  a  jester 
*bo  had  been  educated  in  Richard's 
court.   That  Donald  sent  him,  under 
the  charge  of  Lord  Montgomery,  to 
Robert  111.  King  of  Scotland,  by  whom 
he  was  honourably  treated.  That 
after  that  king's  death  he  was  deli- 
vered to  the  Duke  of  Albany,  the  Re- 
gent of  Scotland,  and  finally  died  in 
file  Castle  of  Stirling,  a.  d.  1419,  and 
was  buried  in  the  church  of  the  Preach- 
ing Friars  in  that  town.    There  are 
discrepancies  between  the  authorities 
as  to  the  manner  of  his  discovery,  the 
inscription  upon  his  tomb,  and  other 
minor  matters,  but  they  do  not  affect 
the  main  fact  of  his  existence.  In- 
deed, as  to  that  there  is  no  dispute. 
It  is  admitted  on  all  hands  that  such 
a  person  did  exist,  but  the  question  is, 
was  he  '  the  true  prince,'  or  an  im- 
postor.   In  support  of  the  affirmative, 
Mr.  Tytler  first  brought  into  the  field 
certain  extracts  from  the  accounts  of 
the  Great  Chamberlain  of  Scotland 
during  the  government  of  the  Duke  of 
Albany,  from  which  it  appears  that 
that  nobleman  claimed  to  be  a  creditor 
upon  the  public  purse  for  £733.  6s.  Hd. 
being  the  amount  of  expenses  incurred 
by  him  '  in  the  custody  of  Richard 
King  of  England,'  for  a  period  of 
eleven  years.    Mr.  Tytler  considers  it 
extremely  improbable  that  such  an 
expense  should  have  been  incurred 
about  the  maintenance  of  an  impostor, 
and  therefore  regards  these  entries  as 
almost  conclusive  evidence  that  the 
Scottish  government,  who  must  have 
known  the  fact,  were  well  aware  that 
their  prisoner  was  really  the  deposed 
sovereign   of  England.     He  further 
considers  that  this  conclusion  becomes 
almost  irresistible,  when  coupled  with 
the  fact  that  the  Scottish  Richard  is 
stated  to  have  denied  that  he  was  the 
king.    '  That  an  impostor'  says  Mr. 
Tvtler,  '  should  deny  that  he  was  the 
king,  or  that  in  the  face  of  his  denial, 
a  poor  maniac  should  be  supported  at 
a  great  expense,  and  detained  for  more 
than  eleven  years  at  the  Scottish  court, 


e  Death  of  Richard  II.  55 

seems  to  me  so  extravagant  a  sup- 
position, that  I  do  not  envy  the  task  of 
any  one  who  undertakes  to  support  it.' 
(Hist.  Scotland,  vol.  iii.  p.  340). 

Unenviable  as  the  task  was  consi- 
dered, Mr.  Amyot,  who  had  already 
distinguished  himself  in  this  dispute, 
by  a  dissertation  upon  the  manner  of 
the  death  of  Richard,  took  it  upon 
himself,  and  is  generally  thought  to 
have  demolished  the  pretensions  of 
'  the  mammet  of  Scotland.'    His  trea- 
tise, which  is  to  be  found  in  the  23d 
volume  of  the  Archaeologia,  is  written 
very  pleasantly.    It  possesses  great 
interest  and  ingenuity,  and  might  have 
taught  Mr.  Riddell  in  what  manner, 
and  with  what  temper,  literary  dis- 
putation ought  to  be  carried  on.  Mr. 
Amyot  relies  principally  upon  the  four 
following  points.    I.  The  public  ex- 
posure of  the  corpse,  which  he  shews 
could  not  have  been  that  of  Maudelein, 
the  only  person  suggested  by  the  only 
authority  who  has  expressed  a  doubt 
whether  the  body  was  really  that  of 
Richard.    II.  The  subsequent  removal 
of  the  body  to  Westminster  Abbey  by 
Henry  V.  which  if  we  are  to  believe 
the  Scottish  story,  was  an  impolitic 
and  gratuitous  fraud.    III.  The  con- 
duct of  the  Percies  and  of  Archbishop 
Scrope,  who  in  the  manifestoes  issued 
during  their  rebellions  against  Henry 
IV.  charged  him  with  the  murder  of 
Richard.    *  Had  they,'  concludes  Mr. 
Amyot,  '  believed  the  true  Richard  to 
be  really  alive  in  Scotland,  they  would 
not  have  failed  to  use  the  king's  name 
as  '  a  tower  of  strength.'    IV.  The 
marriage  of  Isabella,  Richard's  queen. 
This  lady  was  sought  in  marriage  by 
Henry  IV.  for  his  son,  and  was  after- 
wards united  to  Charles  Duke  of  Or- 
leans.    '  This  marriage,'   says  Sir 
James  Mackintosh,  '  affords  a  tolera- 
ble presumption  that  her  family  had 
su  fficient  assurance  of  Richard's  death ; ' 
and  V.  The  slight  feeling  excited  in 
this  country  during  the  greater  portion 
of  the  supposed  Richard's  long  resi- 
dence in  Scotland,  a  period  of  no  less 
than  nineteen  years. 

With  respect  to  the  Chamberlain's 
accounts,  Mr.  Amyot  remarks  that  the 
extracts  furnished  by  Mr.  Tytler  sup- 
ply no  additional  evidence  as  to  his  v 
identity.  The  proofs  that  some  person 
was  detained  in  custody  required  no 
such  confirmation,  and  it  is  equally 


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56  Kkvikw.— Riddell  on  the  Death  o/Richardll.  [July, 


clear  that  considerable  charges  must 
have  beenlncurred  in  maintaining  him. 
No  claim  could  decently  have  been 
advanced  for  the  maintenance  of  an 
acknowledged  impostor.  It  may  ad- 
mit of  a  question,  whether  the  fact 
that  the  Regent  neither  asked  nor  re- 
ceived from  the  public  treasury,  any 
reimbursement  of  these  expenses,  may 
not  afford  an  inference  that  he  had  re- 
tained his  captive  for  objects  of  pri- 
vate and  personal  policy  ?  Be  that  as 
it  may,  the  position  that  he  was  not 
an  impostor  appears  to  Mr.  Amyot  to 
be  no  more  established  by  the  charges 
for  his  maintenance,  than  the  opposite 
fact  of  the  interment  of  the  real  king 
at  Langley  would  be  allowed  to  be 
proved  by  a  production  of  the  exche- 
quer accounts  of  the  funeral  expenses. 
The  Richard  in  England  was  buried, — 
the  Richard  in  Scotland  was  clothed 
and  fed, — and  no  historical  documents 
can  be  required  to  prove  that  expenses 
were  incurred  in  both  these  services. 
To  these  acute  observations  Mr.  Amyot 
adds  various  considerations,  arising 
out  of  the  politics  and  situation  of  the 
Courts  of  England  and  Scotland,  from 
which  he  argues  the  improbability  of 
Albany's  detention  of  the  real  king. 

Sucli  were  Mr.  Amyot's  arguments, 
as  far  as  we  have  space  to  exhibit  them, 
and  here  the  dispute  has  rested  up  to 
the  present  time.  Mr.  Riddell  endea- 
vours to  add  one  more  link  to  the 
chain.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
question  '  who  was  the  Scottish  Ri- 
chard ? '  was  not  treated  by  Mr.  Amyot 
— indeed,  it  scarcely  lay  in  his  way. 
All  that  he  did  upon  that  head  was  to 
prompt  an  inquiry  as  to  whether  the 
pretender  could  have  been  Thomas 
Warde  of  Trumpington,  whom  he  was 
alleged  to  be  by  Henry  IV.,  but  whose 
pretensions  had  been  summarily  no- 
ticed and  rejected  by  Mr.  Tytler,  upon 
grounds  which  Mr.  Amyot  proved  to 
be  insufficient.  Mr.  Riddell  has  re- 
produced the  facts  relating  to  this  per- 
son, adding  some  little  new  matter, 
.  and  endeavours  to  establish  the  iden- 
tity of  Thomas  Warde  and  the  Scottish 
Richard.  We  shall  show  how  the 
argument  stands. 

During  the  early  years  of  Henry  IV. 
many  rumours  were  circulated  respect- 
ing the  existence  of  Richard  in  Scot- 
land, and  several  conspiracies  on  his 
behalf  were  discovered  and  put  down. 


In  these  conspiracies  a  person  named 
Serle,  who  had  been  in  the  household 
of  the  late  king,  was  especially  con- 
spicuous.   In  the  year  1402,  we  find 
the  earliest  intimation  of  a  connexion 
between  Serle  and  a  Scottish  Richard, 
in  the  rumour  that  Richard  was  alive 
and  well  in  Scotland,  and  that  Serle 
who  was  with  him  had  arranged  every 
thing  for  his  array  and  entrance  into 
England.    Two  years  afterwards  Serle 
made  his  appearance  in  England,  hav- 
ing, as  he  asserted,  come  out  of  Scot- 
land, where  he  had  been  with  Richard, 
from  whom  he  brought  letters  under 
what  he  stated  to  be  his  privy  seal, 
addressed  to  his  friends  in  England. 
In  this  manner  he  won  over  many 
persons,    but   Henry's  promptitude 
quashed  the  conspiracy,  and  Serle  es- 
caped again  into  Scotland.   About  the 
same  time  a  general  pardon  was  grant- 
ed, out  of  the  operation  of  which  were 
excepted  Serle,    Amye  Donet,  and 
*  Thomas  Warde  de  Trumpington,  qui 
Be  pretende  et  feigne  d'estre  Roy 
Richard.'    Of  Donet  nothing  appears 
to  be  known.    Serle  was  shortly  after- 
wards entrapped  by  Lord  Clifford,  and 
after  a  confession,  was  drawn  from 
Pontefract  to  London,  and  there  ex- 
ecuted.   His  confession,  as  given  by 
Walsingham,  is  very  contradictory  to 
the  account  of  the  appearance  of 
Richard  given  by  the  Scottish  autho- 
rities, and,  if  allowed  to  have  any 
weight,  cannot  go  beyond  a  corrobo- 
ration of  the  previous  rumours  of  a 
connexion  between  Serle  and  a  Scot- 
tish pretender.    Warde  is  several  times 
named  in  public  documents  during 
the  reigns  of  Henry  IV.  and  V.,  and, 
in  one  dated  in  1409,  to  which  Mr. 
Riddell  is  the  first  person  who  has  at- 
tracted attention,  it  is  stated,  that  as 
the  son  and  heir  of  Joan  Warde,  he 
became  entitled  to  a  messuage  and 
eight  acres  of  land  and  meadow  in 
Trumpington.     This    property  was 
taken  into  the  king's  hands,  on  ac- 
count of  Thomas  Warde's  forfeiture, 
and  was  granted  by  the  king  to  one 
John  Edmond.    He  is  moreover  de- 
scribed in  a  letter  of  Archbishop  Arun- 
del to  Henry  IV.  which  Mr.  Riddell 
has  brought  forward,  as  if  for  the  first 
time,  although  it  has  been  already 
printed  by  Mr.  Amyot,  as  4  stultus,' 
and  '  fatuus/  and,  in  a  public  docu- 
ment in  the  3d  Henry  V.  as  '  ideota;' 


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R«i»w.- Illutratiom  of  Moore,  Irith  Melodie,.  57 

tl&  *z%&r with  th4t  of  r"  *  fr  -«k»     "  "*  W 

uie  ocoxu&u  cnromcler.  been  resident  in  London,  we  are  sure 

*  As  be  bare  hym  like  wet  he  !*€  wou^  n°t  have  remained  so  long 

Oft  half  wod,  or  wyid  to  be.'  ignorant  of  the  works  of  his  merito- 

u      •!      11      ,  -  ,  „      ,     "008  countryman ;  and  even  in  Edin- 

It  19  also  alleged  in  several  English    burgh,  we  should  imagine  that  not  to 
records  that  Thomas  Warde  bore  a    know  such  things  argues  something 
resemblance  to  the  late  king/  respecting  Mr.  Riddell,  which  we  trust 

Stringing  all  these  facts  together,  will  not  long  continue,  for  with  all  his 
Mr.  Riddell  concludes  it  to  be  unques-  redundances  he  may  become  a  useful 
tionable  that  the  Scottish  Richard  and  auxiliary  in  the  field  of  historical  in- 
Thomas  Warde  of  Trumpington  were  quiry. 

the  same  person.    Probably  the  proper   

inference  is,  not  that  Thomas  Warde    rM  .  „, 

is  proved  to  be  the  Scottish  Richard  irTF IUuMfrattOM  of  Moor*',  Irith 
but  that  Henry  IV.  alleged  that  he  •    ™th  Comments  for  the 

was  50,  a  fact  previously  well  known,         urious-    Part  I.  8vo. 
and  that  Mr.  Riddell  has  added  a       SO  much  has  been  done  of  late  in 
proof  that  Thomas  Warde  was  at  any    &e  way  of  landscape  illustrations  of 
event  not  entirely  a  fictitious  person,    00r  most  popular  writers,  that  we  had 
as  Mr.  Tytler  seems  to  have  thought,    begun  to  think  the  point  of  perfection 
but  that  such  a  person  did  really  ex-    nad  been  attained.  We  are,  therefore 
ist,  and  that,  for  some  cause  or  other,    delighted  in  taking  up  the  work  before 
his  property  was  forfeited  to  the  crown.    U8»  a  new  series  of  landscapes,  and 
This  latter  circumstance  certainly  ren-    tU08e  illustrative  of  that  beautiful  and 
ders  it  not  improbable  that  he  was  the    comparatively  neglected  country.  Ire- 
Scottish  captive.    Here  then  the  in-    *ana*»  as  its  more  p-ominent  beauties 
quiry  rests  for  the  present    Probably    are  alluded  to  in   the  Melodies  of 
some  future  publication  of  records  will    Moore.    The  plates  of  this  work  are 
throw  further  light  upon  it.  at  least  equal  to  anything  that  we 

If  Mr.  Riddell  had  confined  himself   bave  seen ;  the  illustrative  matter  is 
to  the  point  as  to  Warde,  his  paper    '"finitely  superior  to  everything  which 
would  have  been  shorter,  but  far  more    nas  8one  before  it,  and  we  need  only 
interesting.    As  it  is,  he  takes  up  and    8av»  to  insure  it  favour  in  the  eye  of 
presses  many  arguments  which  Mr.    our  readers,  that  it  is  from  the  ac- 
Amyot  had  exhausted  before  him, —    complished  and  amusing  pen  of  Crof- 
m  fact,  Mr.  Amyot's  reasonings  con-    *on  broker.  The  present  number  pre- 
stitute  the  substance  of  his  paper.    He    8ents  a  most  delightful  mixture  of 
is  desirous,  however,  that  his  readers    learning  and  wit,  of  antiquarianisni 
should  not  think  he  derived  his  argu-    ^  amusement,  embracing  four  inte- 
rnets from  any  other  source  than  his    resting  subjects,  the  rich  and  beauti- 
own  mind,  and  therefore  informs  them         Yale  °f  Avoca,  the  sacred  i»le  of 
that  Mr.  Tytler's  publication  upon  the    Inniscattery,  the  bed  of  St.  Kevin 
subject  is  the  only  one  published  since    and  the  Wicklow  Gold  Mines. 
1829  that  had  met  his  eye,  although  illustration  of  the  first  of  these 

be  had  been  told  that  there  had  been  objects,  we  have  a  curious  and  inte- 
a  subsequent  discussion.  If  this  as-  resting  disquisition  on  the  true  posi- 
sertion  substantiates  Mr.  RiddelPs  ori-  t*on  °f  the  meeting  of  the  waters  in 
ginality,  it  also  proves  him  to  have  ^  "  va,|ey  so  sweet/*  and  on  the 
been  wanting  in  the  first  duty  of  an  8Pot  which  gave  rise  to  the  song  by 
author,  which  is,  to  ascertain  what  has  Moore  Which  celebrates  it.  The  meet- 
been  previously  written  upon  the  sub-  'nS  and  mixinef  of  waters,  leads  very 
ject  of  which  he  treats,  in  order  that  naturally  to  the  consideration  of  other 
at  may  not  burthen  the  public  with  an  mixtures,  and  we  cannot  forbear  quot- 
ttnnecessary  book, — no  slight  evil;  or  in8  a  son8  with  which  the  chapter 
interfere  with  the  merits  of  preceding  concludes,  in  praise  of  that  "  strong 
writers, — no  trifling  injustice.     Mr.    water"  so  dear  to  the  sister  Isle,  which 


—  —   0  j   »•«■•  .   — - ■»-» ■  -  -•#.»., 

— »v.  adds,  with  some  simplicity,  18  more  commonly  known  by  the  name 

ft*  he  had  not  read  Mr.  Tytler's  pa-  of  whisky. 

J*r,  nor  any  other  part  of  his  history,       »  During  one  of  those  periodical  visits 
VthT.AlAG,  Vol.  IV.  1 


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58  Review.— Illustrations  of  Moore's  Irish  Melodies.  [July, 

which  4  the  poet  of  all  circles,  and  the  look*  that  we  love,  must  be  resolved  into 

idol  of  his  own,'  was  wont  to  pay  to  his  their  simplest  expression,  to  suit  homely 

irhostly  adviser  the  mountain  hermit —  and  primitive  tastes  like  my  own.*  And 

«  My  child,1  did  Prout  say  to  him,  1  be-  then  the  old  Father  would  hum  somewhat 

Keve  me,  all  this  metaphysics  about  blend-  as  follows— to  the  air  of  *  Noeh  bonin 

ing  of  souls  and  all  their  reflection  from  shin  doe  ;'— 

You  may  talk  about  songs  while  the  kettle  is  singing— 

But  your  streamlets  nnd  naiads  I  vote  them  a  bore. 
Old  Molly  the  sugar  and  lemon  is  bringing, 

Och  1  'tis  you're  the  bright  angel,  sweet '  Molly  asthore  V 
On  a  hill  is  my  home  \  and  with  feelings  romantic 

I  view  the  cruiskeen,  full  of  stuff  to  my  mind ; 
For  on  this  side  or  that  of  the  glorious  Atlantic, 

Spring  water  is  sure  its  own  level  to  find. 

Oh  1  'tis  all  very  well  in  the  sunshine  of  summer 

To  wander  and  ponder  beside  a  bright  stream, 
And  to  quaff  some  new  milk  with  a  small  drop  of  rum,  or 

Perhaps  to  take  tea  that  is  '  smothered  in  cream.' 
But  when  winter  comes  on — like  an  engine  hydraulic. 

The  magic  of  whisky  can  raise  up  a  spring ; 
And  when  mingling  ingredients  that  banish  the  cholic, 

Believe  me,  dear  Tom,  that 's  '  the  meeting  to  ring.' 

Inniscattery  was  formerly  the  resi-  When  so  it  chanced,  one  day  while  praying 

dence  of  St.  Senan,  whose  inhospitable  Most  fervently  his  bead-roll  saying,  # 

treatment  of  the  fair  St.  Canera,  who  He  saw  the  calves  by  stealth  approaching  ; 

had  come  to  visit  him  in  his  holy  £nd  on  the  pothers'  teats  fal  Poaching. 

.  ,     j    .  .  ,  «v    „,  »  ■    f  _f  So,  seeing  that  the  ropues  would  bilk 

island   has  suggested  the  subject  of  ^  hQQ  *  t  friars  of  ^ 

one  of  Moore's  lyrics.  The  stem  hard-  Away  hifi  rosary  he  flung 

heartedness  of  the  Saint  is  the  subject  To  part  ^  cattle  from  their  yoUDg ; 

of  a  pleasant  disquisition  of  some  four  ^n(j  m  the  ground  he  fixed  his  staff 

or  five  pages.  To  keep  each  mother  from  her  calf : 

-  A  single  act  of  rudeness,  or  indeed  ™™>         Senanus  prayed  to  heaven, 

an  isolated  act  of  almost  any  sort,  may  Nor  cow  nor  calf,  from  morn  to  even, 

by  the  mere  exercise  of  human  charity,    ^ft^V'W™^^  „ 
be  excused  or  accounted  for.    But  when    Each  by  the  staff  kept  m  their  station. 

unkindness  seems  associated  with  our  na-  Another  of  our  Saint»8  miracle8  was 

ture— to  «  grow  with  our  growth,  and  to  .       ,      .  , 

strengthen  with  our  strength,'  it  admits  n™  mucn  lc*9.  "uei  *na  .u,nJ"st  tnan 

of  no  defence.   We  appear  not,  then,  as  this,  upon  which  Crofton  Croker  sug- 

apologists  for  Senanus,  the  first  act  of  gests.  with  much  appearance  of  reason, 

whose  official  career  was  an  outrage  upon  that  the  miracle  arose  more  from  the 

the  sympathies  of  nature :  feeling  of  the  Saint's  staff  than  from 

Qui  ad  abbatis  imperium  its  look   and  that  the  Saint  might 

Custos  factus  pecudum,  actually  have  been  pronounced  guilty 

Cum  quodam  die  precious  under  Martin's  Act. 

Incumberet  attentius,  a  There  is  no  wish  on  our  part  further 

Videt  matram  uberibus  ^  instigate  the  conduct  of  Senanus. 

Jam  imminentes  vitulos,  He  ig  aamitted  to  have  been  rude  and  in- 

Quos  pastor  fidehssimus,  hospiUble.    We  have  advanced  sufficient 

Ut  lac  servaret  fratnbus,  t0  convict  him  of  cruelty  under  the  3d 

Intermittens  piam  precein,  Ge0  1V  cap         .  and  we  que8tion  if  a 

Segregavit  ab  invicem,  most  piausihie  indictment  against  the 

Et  figens  ibi  baculum,  Saint  could  not  be  framed  upon  the  fol- 

ln  signum  vel  obstaculum,  lowing  statement  of  the  informal  manner 

Rursum  incumbit  precibus,  in  wnich  he  empounded  the  horses  be- 

Nec  potuerunt  amplius  longing  to  a  neighbouring  prince,  who, 

Diei  toto  tempore  in  a  verv  qmet  wav  (for  ^  fri8b  prince) 

Ad  invicem  accedere,  caused  a  few  to  be'ferried  over  from  KU- 

Per  veri  Dei  baculum  rught  or  somewhere  thereabouts,  just  to 

Disjuncti  ab  alterutrum."  fattcn  a  Htde 

upon  the  pasture  of  Senan's 

"  Who,  being  bound  by  holy  vows,  island.    The  Saint's  mode  of  pounding 

Was  sent  to  tend  the  abbot's  cows :  cattle  for  trespass,  was  truly  a  summary 


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IStt  ]       R*v,  K  w  IlUutratwu  of  Moore's  Irish  Melodies.. 


We  will  copy  the  poet's  ac- 
of  the  transaction,  which  we  re- 
commend  to  the  attention  of  geologists ; 
prckriog  it  with  what  he  says  of  the  pro- 


Jubet  equoa  ad  pascua 
Duci  in  ipsa  insula, 
Athens  in  modis  omnibus 
Ut  exiret  episcopus : 
Sed  nihil  contra  Dominum 
Uumanum  est  consilium ; 
Terra  enim  apernit 
Os  suum,  et  ahsorbuit 
Cabal\os  quos  direxcrat, 
Nec  onus  supererat. 

'«  Which  in  oar  jingling  way  may  be 


S9 

minate  the  Comic  Annual  for  the  present 
year  (1835),  where  it  appropriately  ap- 
pears as  a  light-fingered  illustration,--- 
for  not  one  word  is  said  in  the  way  of 
acknowledgment ;  and  an  attempt,  more- 
over,  has  been  made  to  identify  the  Saint 
with  a  London  pick  pocket — *  one  of  the 
light-fingered  gentry/  Let  Mr.  Hood 
look  to  this  matter  while  he  may;  re- 
i  be  ring  what  befel  the  original  disco. 


*'  Then  horses  sent  he  from  the  strand 
To  graze  upon  the  Saint's  fat  land, 
Thus  taking  every  means  he  might 
To  cheat  the  priest  out  of  his  right. 
Bar  man  will  aye  be  disappointed, 
Who  seeks  to  hurt  the  Lord's  anointed : 
The  gaping  ground  yawned  wide  and  hol- 
low. 

And  gulped  the  horses  at  a  swallow  ; 
Nor  left  was  one  the  tale  to  tell, 
What  to  them  one  and  all  befel.'* 

One  other  miracle  of  St.  Senan,  aod 
we  leave  him.  A  description  of  the 
isle  of  Inniscattery  having  been  quoted 
from  "  Dr.  Mac  Slatt's  Pilgrimage," 
who  wondered  how  sufficient  light 
could  have  been  admitted  through  the 
*rnall  apertures  of  a  building  said  to 
have  belonged  to  the  Saint  to  serve  his 
purposes,  the  Commentator  proceeds— 

"  But  the  learned  Mac  Slatt's  wonder, 
and  the  somewhat  tedious  train  of  rea- 
soning into  which  he  fails  in  consequence, 
might  hare  been  spared  to  his  readers, 
had  he  studied  more  closely  the  metrical 
legend  of  S<- nanus  preserved  by  Colgan, 
ind  from  which  he  quotes,  as,  according 
to  it,  a  brother  belonging  to  the  pious 
community,  wondering,  like  the  Doctor 
himself,  at  the  Saint's  power  of  reading 
in  so  gloomy  a  cell — 

Per  fenestram  tediculie 
Videns,  hujus  Christicolss 
Sinistra  manus  digitos 
In  modum  lucis  fulgidos. 

"  Meaning,  in  plain  English,  that 

"  Peeping  through  the  narrow 
He  beheld,  with  great  amazement, 
The  Saint's  left  hand  as  five  wax  tapers, 
Etch  finger  tipped  with  gas-like  vapours. 

"flow carious  it  is  that  this  miracle, 
*tich  teems  to  have  escaped  the  notice 
rfwfravs  a  commentator,  should  illu- 


Grus  qui  ibi  fuerat, 
Ut  Senanus  prsedizerat, 
Fecit  in  eum  impetum, — 
Eique  avulsit  oculum. 

44  That  is : 

*  So,  as  Senanus  had  foretold, 

A  crane,  who  thereabouts  was  flying, 
Attacked  the  peeper,  and  behold  ! 

Poked  out  his  eye  to  check  his  prying."* 

The  third  plate,  a  view  of  St.  Kevin's 
bed,  and  the  lake  of  Glendalough,  in- 
troduces to  our  notice  a  Saint  in  every 
respect  the  reverse  of  the  hard-hearted 
and  inhospitable  Senan  r 

44  To  the  stranger  who  converses  with 
the  peasant-guide  whom  he  accidentally 
meets  in  the  valley  of  Glendalough,  various 
are  the  anecdotes  told,  illustrative  of  the 
affectionate  spirit  of  St.  Kevin.  These 
traditions  assume  even  greater  beauty  by 
contrast  with  the  wild  and  rugged  scene 
to  which  they  are  attached— the  retreat 
of  wolves  and  the  den  of  outlaws.  Like 
the  sunny  moments  of  an  April  day  amid 
the  rigour  of  wintry  showers,  these  gleams 
of  the  benignant  heart  appear  more  bright 
from  the  surrounding  darkness. 

41  Cessa  la  pioggia  al  fin  e  torna  il  sole, 
Ma  dolce  spiega  a  temporato  il  raggio, 

Pien  di  maschio  valor  siccome  suole 
Trk  il  fin  d'Aprile  e  il  commenciar  di 
Maggio.'* 

*'  4  Covered  with  brown  heath,  or  more 
sable  peat,'  to  use  the  expression  of  Dr. 
Ledwich,  the  summits  of  the  stupendous 
mountains,  by  which  Glendalough  is  en- 
compassed, 4  reflect  no  light,'  and,  the 
sides  being  almost  perpendicular,  the 
gloomy  shadows  fling  a  solemn  and  broad 
repose  over  the  Valley  of  the  Seven 
Churches ; — its  ancient  round  tower,  like 
the  gnomon  of  a  dial,  marking  to  the 
pensive  mind,  by  the  motion  of  its  shade, 
the  quiet  progress  of  days  into  the  revo- 
lutions of  centuries." 

Were  it  not  that  our  time  and  space 
are  decreasing,  we  would  quote  the 
amusing  remarks,  and  the  facetious 
convsrsation  between  Lord  Norbury 


Digitized  by  Google 


GO  Review.— Martin's  History  of  Britith  Colonies.  [July, 

and  hi*  guide,  with  which  the  account  Cape  Breton    .    —    1758  conqu  rad. 

of  St.  Kevin's  Bed  concludes.   The    Upper  Canada  I    . 

same  cause  forces  us  unwillingly  to  Lower  Canada/ 

pass  over  the  interesting^  history  of  Their  total  population  is  estimated  at 

the  Wicklow  Gold  Mines,  of  the  sin-  oniy  i ,81 9.000  soolsfwhUe  their  area  in 

gular  manner  of  their  discovery,  and  gquare  miles  ^  8tated  at  not  lesg  thaQ 

of  the  sensation  produced  by  the  "  auri  4^74,490  ;  of  which  the  N.  W.  Ter- 

sacra  fames"  upon  ^e  Irish  peasantry,  ritory  surrounding  Hudson's  Bay,  con- 
as  well  as  the  beautiful  ballad  byL.E.L. 
which  is  introduced  in  this  concluding 
chapter  of  the  present  part. 

We  have  no  fear  of  the  success  of 
this  publication,  and  shall  look  out 


anxiously  for  the  second  part,  a  part 
by  the  way  which  promises  us  some 
most  interesting  matter.  First  there 
will  be  the  Lake  of  Killarnev,  with 
the  Castle  of  O'Donaghue,  which  we 
doubt  not  will  be  enriched  by  some  of 
its  legends  told  in  Crofton  Croker's 


tains  about  3,700,000  square  miles, 
with  an  estimated  population  of  not 
more  than  500,000  souls. 

This  amazing  extent  of  compara- 
tively unpeopled  territory  in  the  pos- 
session of  Great  Britain,  of  course  in- 
cludes much  that  is  barren,  cold,  and 
uninhabitable  ;  but  it  also  includes 
immense  districts  which  are  capable 
of  being  rendered  very  productive,  and 
nearly  as  favourable  to  human  life  and 
social  comfort,  as  the  northern  parts 


best  style.  Then  we  shall  have  the  of  our  nfttive  country,  and  wnich  offer 
Isle  of  Innisfallen,  followed  by  the  aa  eiigjDie  retreat  for  some  portion  of 
Boyne  Obelisk,  illustrated  by  "  extra  our  8Urplu8  population,  t0  which  sub- 
curious  comments  upon  the  cele-  emigration,  Mr.  Martin  has  de- 
brated  battle  which  it  commemorates,  voted  y8  ^nth  chapter, 
derived  in  part  from  original  docu-  jt  nas  aira08t  ceased  to  be  a  ques- 
ments,  which  have  not  hitherto  been  tion  whether  it  be  the  duty  of  a  Go- 
consulted.    And,  lastly,  the  romantic  vernment  to  endeavour  to  relieve  the 


Glengariff.  Heartily  do  we  wish  suc- 
cess to  Mr.  Power,  and  his  efforts  to 
make  us  agreeably  acquainted  with 
the  land  of  song." 


History  of  the  British  Colonies,  by  R. 
Montgomery  Martin,  F.S.S.  8fc.  in 
five  volumes,  Vol.  III.  Possessions  in 
North  America.  8vo,  pp.  604. 

THE  volume  before  us  comprehends 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  Nova  Sco- 


State  by  encouraging  and  promoting, 
so  far  as  the  Government  of  a  free 
country  can  promote,  emigration.  In 
every  country,  but  more  especially  in 
a  Christian  country,  vagrancy  is  a  dis- 
credit to  the  institutions  of  society, 
and  English  travellers  and  writers, 
when  they  have  observed  vagrancy  in 
other  countries,  have  not  hesitated  so 
to  designate  it :  but  for  this  evil  there 
appears  to  be  no  remedy,  or  at  least 
no  suitable  and  effectual  remedy,  ex- 


tia,  Cape  Breton,  &c. ;  together  with        t  eimgration  conducted  judiciously. 
New  Brunswick,  Prince  Edward  s  Is-    on»  80und  principle8  of  po|itical  cci_ 
land,  and  Newfoundland.   It  contains, 
like  those  which  preceded  it,  a  great 
quantity  of  historical,  fiscal,  and  ge- 


nomy.  By  emigration  so  conducted, 
a  portion,  not  of  the  infirm  and  help- 
less, but  of  the  healthy,  able-bodied, 
and  efficient  population  of  an  over- 
peopled state,  may,  from  time  to  time, 
be  drawn  off,  in  order  to  people  colo- 
nies which  offer  space  for  improve- 
ment, and  motives  for  industry  and 
exertion. 

By  a  comparison  of  the  geographi- 


neral  information,  drawn  from  the 
best  available  sources,  and  condensed 
into  a  small  compass ;  with  a  general 
map  of  the  British  possessions  in 
North  America,  and  separate  maps  of 
the  different  provinces,  and  of  the 
townships  in  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 

Of  these  possessions  the  dates  and    caf  ^rEd^^ 
modes  of  their  acquisition  are  thus    the  Amcrican  coionies  of  Great  Bri- 
stated  by  Mr.  Martin  ^  ^ith  the  extent  ^  p0pu|ation  ot 

Newfoundland   A.D.  1583  colonized. 
Nova  Scotia    .    —    1 623  do. 
New  Brunswick  —    1630  do. 
Hudson  Bay  and 

N.W.  Territory  —    1670  do. 


-European  states,  or  of  India,  and  more 
particularly  of  China,  our  readers  will 
be  enabled  to  form  some  judgment  of 
the  capability  of  the  former  to  receive 
an  additional  population. 


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Rkvikw. — Greenwood's  Pichtrt  of  Hull. 


61 


Sq.  miles.  Population. 
China         1.250,000  360,000,000 

America!  *'™-*">  I'819'0W) 

The  general  diffusion  of  knowledge 
at  home  by  means  of  an  extended  edu- 
cation,-and  the  legislative  abolition  of 
slavery,  are  among  the  circumstances 
vbich  are  at  the  present  time  favour- 
able to  emigration ;  and  which,  not- 
withstanding Mr.  Martin's  opinion  to 
the  contrary,  have  occupied  a  consi- 
derable share  of  the  attention  of  the 
Government,  and  will,  we  are  per- 
suaded, still  occupy  its  attention,  into 
the  hands  of  whatever  political  party 
the  reins  may  chance  to  fall. 

On  reading  the  note  which  termi- 
nates the  introduction  to  the  present 
rolume,  we  felt  some  regret  at  its  ap- 
pearance; because  that  note  and  a 
few  other  paragraphs  in  the  book,  ap- 
pear to  have  a  political  character,  not 
quite  consistent  with  the  professed  ob- 
ject of  the  author,  and  which  might 
therefore  have  been  well  spared.  We 
presume  it  is  intended  that  Mr.  Mar- 
tin's work  should  survive  the  tempo- 
rary fluctuations  of  party;  for  which 
reason  its  author  would  have  done 
wisely  had  he  omitted  to  notice  them. 

There  is  one  regulation,  which,  as  it 
appears  to  us  to  be  of  importance,  and 
calculated  to  promote  emigration,  we 
venture  to  suggest ; — it  is  that  the  ex- 
pense of  intercourse  by  letter,  between 
the  emigrants  and  those  friends  whom 
they  may  have  left  behind  them  in 
the  mother  country,  should  be  fixed  on 
the  lowest  possible  scale.    Many  im- 
portant considerations,    which  our 
space  will  not  allow  us  to  specify, 
show  the  expediency  of  such  an  ar- 
rangement. 

It  is  due  to  Mr.  Martin  to  acknow- 
ledge, that  on  the  various  topics  of 
history,  general  and  natural  statistics, 
religion,  education,  revenues,  com- 
merce, and  government,  he  is  highly 
interesting  and  instructive.  The  go- 
vernment of  these  colonies,  4t  appears, 
is  committed  to  governors  and  lieute- 
nant-governors, with  the  aid  of  legis- 
lative councils  and  representative  as- 
semblies. There  is  in  each  colony  a 
Protestant  episcopal  Establishment, 
Hell  endowed ;  those  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada  in  particular,  have  re- 
ceived for  their  exclusive  use,  one- 
jerenu  part  of  the  territory  called 


the  "  clergy  reserves."  There  are  se- 
parate establishments  of  Roman  Ca- 
tholics, Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Me- 
thodists, &c.  all  which  enjoy  equal 
protection  and  support  from  the  Go- 
vernment. The  state  of  education  in 
these  colonies  appears  also  to  be  highly 
respectable ;  and,  in  all  of  them,  the 
press  is  free,  and  newspapers  abound. 

Their  cost  to  the  nation  is  not  in- 
considerable, and  is  provided  for  by 
parliamentary  grant;  but  in  return 
they  materially  aid  the  national  reve- 
nues, by  an  extensive  commerce,  chief- 
ly in  timber  and  corn,  with  the  pro- 
duce of  mines  and  fisheries. 

Those  persons  who  have  read  Mr. 
Martin's  former  volumes  will  not  want 
information  respecting  his  style  :  we 
therefore  forbear  from  quoting  any  of 
the  very  descriptive  paragraphs  con- 
tained in  the  present,  in  which  the 
general  reader  will  find,  among  other 
details,  a  brief  narrative  of  the  con- 
quest of  Canada,  and  death  of  Gene- 
ral Wolfe  ;  a  description  of  Niagara, 
and  its  Falls ;  of  the  earthquake  in  Ca- 
nada in  1663  ;  of  the  effects  of  cold 
iu  the  northern  districts,  and  of  the 
ice- roads,  ice-boats,  snow  storms,  and 
modes  of  travelling  in  those  districts ; 
with  various  geological  notices,  and 
descriptions  of  the  state  of  society 
in  the  colder  regions. 

It  may  be  some  recommendation  of 
this  work  that,  before  (he  publication 
of  the  fifth  and  concluding  volume, 
the  first  is  undergoing  a  second 
edition. 


Greenwood's  Picture  of  Hull.    With  te- 
venty  illustrations.  8vo,  pp.  207. 

"  IN  a  literary  point  of  view, 
the  claims 'of  this  book  to  public  ap- 
probation" are  not,  in  our  judgment, 
quite  so  humble  as  its  author  would 
assume.  It  appears  to  us  fully  to  an- 
swer to  its  title,  and  to  be  a  picture, 
and  a  good  picture,  "  in  which  no 
interesting  or  important  point  is  omit- 
teu. 

Kingston,  or  Kingstown,  upon  Hull, 
(so  named  by  King  Edward  I.  as  ap- 
pears from  the  history,  of  which  Mr. 
Greenwood  has  given  a  very  con- 
densed summary,  compiled  from  Frost, 
Tickell,  and  others)  was  placed  under 
a  warden  and  bailiff,  in  1293*  and  in 
1299  was  constituted  a  free  borough- 


Digitized  by  Google 


Review.— Williams's  Life  of  Sir  M.  Hale. 


[My, 


It  was  even  then  regarded  as  one  of 
the  principal  towns  on  the  northern 
coast.  From  that  date  its  growth  ap- 
pears not  to  have  been  very  rapid,  un- 
til the  extension  of  the  maritime  power 
and  commerce  of  Great  Britain  gave 
it  importance  as  a  port ;  for  which  its 
situation  on  the  H  umber,  and  at  the 
confluence  of  that  river  with  the 
stream  called  Old  Harbour  River,  pe- 
culiarly adapted  it. 

Speed's  map,  which  Mr.  Greenwood 
has  re -engraved,  compared  with  a 
more  modern  and  well-executed  sur- 
vey, prefixed  to  the  volume,  will  show 
the  reader  the  nature  and  extent  of 
the  enlargements  and  alterations  which 
took  place  during  the  two  last  centu- 
ries. The  docks,  in  particular,  are  of 
comparatively  recent  origin.  They  en- 
close the  old  town  on  the  inland  side, 
and  separate  it  from  the  new ;  and 
would,  were  there  need  of  such  defence 
in  that  direction,  abundantly  supply 
the  place  of  the  ancient  wall  and  ditch, 
with  which  the  town  was  formerly 
separated  from  the  marsh. 

The  citadel  stands  on  the  opposite 
shore  of  Old  Harbour  River,  and  is  of 
modern  erection. 

There  are  three  churches  in  the  old 
town,  and  three  in  the  new,  besides 
chapels  and  meeting-houses.  Deli- 
neations of  these,  together  with  en- 
gravings of  the  public  offices,  schools, 
almshouses,  and  other  objects  of  inte- 
rest, and  particularly  neat  portraits 
of  some  distinguished  natives  of  the 
borough,  form  the  embellishments  of 
the  work. 

The  biographical  notices  include 
namesof  some  note ;  and  among  others, 
those  of  Luke  Fox,  the  voyager  ;  An- 
drew Marvell,  with  his  autograph ;  Sir 
George  Lawson  ;  Commodore  Thomp- 
son ;  John  Mason  the  poet ;  and  last, 
though  not  least  in  public  estimation, 
the  late  William  Wilberforce,  with  a 
view  of  the  house  in  which  he  was 
born.  We  are  glad  to  learn  that  his 
townsmen  intend  to  do  themselves 
honour  by  erecting  a  column  to  his 
memory. 

The  municipal  government  of  this 
town  consists  of  a  mayor,  recorder, 
sheriff,  and  twelve  aldermen,  who  are 
justices  of  the  peace.  By  the  charter 
granted  to  them  in  the  18th  year  of 
King  Henry  the  Sixth,  the  mayor  is 


empowered  to  have  a  sword  carried 
erect  before  him. 

After  a  careful  examination  of  this 
"  Picture  of  Hull,"  by  Mr.  Greenwood, 
we  venture  to  pronounce  it  a  work  of 
considerable  merit.  Its  typography 
and  embellishments  are  excellent.  In 
addition  to  the  old  and  modern  plans 
of  Hull,  it  contains  a  third  plan  which 
describes  the  limits  of  the  borough 
under  the  Reform  Act. 


Memoirs  of  the  Life,  Character,  and 
IVritinga  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale.  By 
J.  B.  Williams,  Esq.  LL.D.F.S.A. 
8vo,  pp.  408. 

Bishop  Burnet's  Life  of  Hale 
stands  upon  a  par  with  Walton's  ad- 
mirable biographies.    It  has  attained 
the  rank  of  an  acknowledged  English 
Classic,  has  been  made  familiar  to  the 
public  by  republications  in  various 
forms  and  sizes,  and  has  acquainted 
all  the  classes  of  readers  with  the  par- 
ticulars of  Hale's  uneventful  life,  his 
high  reputation  as  a  lawyer  and  a  di- 
vine, and,  above  all,  with  the  blame- 
less purity  of  his  Christian  character. 
So  satisfactory  has  this  biography  been 
considered,  that  amidst  the  multitude 
of  books  no  other  author  has  attempted 
a  life  of  Hale  as  a  separate  publica- 
tion, nor  indeed  could  any  other  work 
be  made  better  worthy  the  attention 
of  the  world ;  for  the  very  few  other 
particulars  respecting  Hale,  which  arc 
scattered  throughout  his  own  writings 
and  those  of  his  contemporaries  are, 
generally  speaking,  extremely  unim- 
portant.   Baxter's  narrative  of  his 
conversations  with  Hale  is  the  only 
exception,   and  that,  however  inte- 
resting in  itself,  furnishes  no  founda- 
tion for  a  new  biography.     In  the 
work  before  us  the  author  has  thrown 
together  Burnet's  Life,  Baxter's  Nar- 
rative, and  the  few  other  minute  par- 
ticulars he  could  glean  elsewhere,  and 
out  of  them  has  written  a  new  biogra- 
phy.    Burnet's  work  is  the  ample 
foundation,  and  two-thirds  of  the  vo- 
lume are  nothing  more  than  Burnet's 
facts,  presented  to  the  public  in  lan- 
guage slightly  altered,  and  in  a  dif- 
ferent arrangement.     Burnet's  style 
in  this  biography,  although  not  pro- 
bably the  best  that  could  possibly  be 
devised,  has  a  quaint  simplicity  which 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.1  Review.— Bowles's  Annal*  of  Lucock  Abbey. 


63 


renders  his  narrative  very  interesting; 
that  of  Mr.  Williams  is  more  ambi- 
tions, it  approaches  more  nearly  to 
what  is  often  called  *  fine  writing/ 
bat  will  not,  we  fancy,  be  generally 
preferred.    Occasionally,  indeed,  the 
necessity  which  he  has  imposed  upon 
himself  of  altering  the  Bishop's  phra- 
seology, whether  for  better  or  worse, 
whilst  he  retained  his  facts,  has  driven 
him  to  curious  straits,  and  now  and 
then  into  blunders  in  facts  and  oddi- 
ties in  style  greater  than  any  which 
modern  refinement  could  discover  in 
the  sentences  of  Burnet.   For  instance, 
Burnet  wrote, 

'  He  loved  building  much,  which  he 
affected  chiefly  because  it  employed  many 
poor  people ;  but  one  thing  was  observed 
in  all  his  buildings,  that  die  changes  he 
made  in  his  houses  were  always  from 
magnificence  to  usefulness  ;  for  he  avoided 
every  thing  that  looked  like  pomp  or  va- 
nity, even  in  the  walls  of  his  houses. 
He  had  good  judgment  in  architecture, 
and  an  excellent  faculty  in  contriving 

Mr.  Williams  alters  it  thus 

'  He  was  fond  of  architecture,  and  his 
love  to  it  was  increased  by  the  employ- 
ment it  created  to  the  poor.  His  judg- 
ment in  it  as  a  science  was  good  ;  in  the 
indulgence  of  his  taste,  however,  he 
avoided  vanity  and  pomp,  and  connected 
utility  with  every  contrivance  and  every 
change/ 

Burnet  properly  used  *  building'  in 
one  sense,  and  '  architecture'  in  ano- 
ther sense.  Mr.  Williams  confounds 
the  two  words,  and  uses  one  of  them 
in  both  senses.  Again,  Burnet  wrote  : 

'  And  he  was  scarce  ever  seen  more 
angry  than  with  one  of  his  servants,  for 
neglecting  a  bird  that  he  kept,  so  that  it 
died  for  want  of  food.' 

This  is  rendered  by  Mr.  Williams 
thas. 

'  Never  was  his  anger  seen  to  glow  so 
hot,  as  towards  one  of  his  servants  who 
had  negligently  starved  a  bird  to  death, 
*oa  want  or  food.' 

It  is  of  such  alterations  and  trans- 
positions, that  the  bulk  and  substance 
of  Mr.  Williams's  book  is  made  up. 
He  has  written  in  a  Christian  spirit, 
and  we  have  no  doubt  with  a  good 
intention  ;  but  the  little  he  has  added 
to  oar  knowledge  of  the  subject  of  his 
biwaphy,  does  not  justify  his  having 
indicted  a  new  book  upon  the  world ; 


especially  so  speedily  after  the  recent 
reprint  of  Burnet's  Lives  under  the 
editorship  of  the  venerable  Bishop 
Jebb. 


Annals  and  Antiquities  of  Lacock  Ab- 
bey, in  the  County  of  Wtlts,  urith 
Memorials  of  Ela,  the  Foundress, 
the  Countess  of  Salisbury,  8fc.  by 
W.  L.  Bowles,  M.A.oarf  John Gough 
Nichols.  8vo. 

THE  history  of  Monasteries  as  it 
has  generally  been  written,  after  the 
model  of  the  great  work  of  Dugdale, 
in  which  brevity  was  indispensable, 
has  seldom  extended  beyond  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  ruins  and  architectural  re- 
mains, a  catalogue  of  the  superiors  of 
the  convent,  and  a  transcript  of  the 
most  important  charters  relative  to 
the  foundation. 

It  is  not  a  little  remarkable  that  the 
proverbial  minuteness  and  elaborate 
research  of  our  English  antiquaries 
has  never  yet  been  exercised  in  work- 
ing out  the  history  of  one  of  our  great 
abbeys,  in  a  manner  at  all  approaching 
to  the  completeness  whicn  the  still 
existing  records  would  authorize.  If 
investigated  fully  and  closely,  any  one 
of  them  would  afford  ample  materials 
for  an  important  volume,  possessing  a 
main  current  of  considerable  interest, 
and  a  ramification  of  contributary 
sreamlets,  illustrating  the  topography 
and  genealogy  of  the  neighbouring 
district. 

In  comparison  with  many,  Lacock 
was  a  foundation  of  humble  preten- 
sions. Even  in  the  same  county  there 
were  two  larger  nunneries — Wilton 
and  Amesbury  ;  and  from  the  time  of 
its  foundation  (the  history  of  which, 
and  of  its  Foundress,  as  enlarged  upon 
by  Mr.  Bowles,  are  certainly  matters 
of  high  and  even  romantic  interest) 
until  the  dissolution,  it  remained  in 
the  second  rank  of  such  establishments, 
the  peaceful  and  unpretending  retreat 
of  female  devotion.  Its  history,  how- 
ever, as  given  in  the  present  work, 
shows  what  might  be  done  by  the  use 
of  every  available  record,  combined 
with  a  methodical  arrangement,  in 
elucidating  the  histories  of  monas- 
teries of  greater  importance. 

The  first  objects  for  examination  are 
the  foundation  charters,  the  confirma- 
tions obtained  from  superior  jurisdic- 


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64 

tions,  ecclesiastical  and  feudal ;  and 
the  coadjutors  in  the  foundation ; 
then  the  most  important  subsequent 
benefactors ;  the  surveys  and  valuations 
of  the  monastic  property  at  different 
periods ;  and  the  succession  of  supe- 
riors. The  charters  and  records  rela- 
tive to  estates  may  be  best  arranged 
under  the  head  of  each  place,  as  in  the 
15th  Chapter  of  the  present  volume, 
in  which  the  history  of  each,  as  con- 
nected  with  the  abbey,  is  given  in  a 
brief  narrative. 

In  cases  where  the  monks  themselves 
have  left  the  annals  of  their  house, 
they  are  found  chiefly  to  record  the 
architectural  works  executed  at  sue* 
cessive  periods,  the  legal  controversies 
with  secular  aggressors  or  professional 
rivals,  the  election  of  abbats,  the 
fallings  of  timber,  cleansing  of  fish- 
.  ponds,  and  most  important  agricultu- 
ral operations,  extraordinary  seasons, 
storms  and  eclipses,  famines,  plagues, 
and  murrains  ;  together  with  the  deaths 
in  the  families  of  their  patrons,  and 
such  public  events  as  struck  the  atten- 
tion of  the  chronicler,  either  from  their 
importance,  or  the  vicinity  of  the  place 
of  their  occurrence. 

Such  are  some  of  the  principal  mate- 
rials available  to  the  writers  of  mo- 
nastic history ;  and  which  have  been 
faithfully  employed  in  the  present  work 
as  far  as  the  records  of  Lacock  ex- 
tend, whilst  their  deficiencies  have 
in  some  respects  been  supplied  by  illus- 
trations drawn  from  those  of  similar 
establishments.  We  think  the  accounts 
of  the  discipline  and  domestic  economy 
of  the  nuns,  the  ceremonies  of  profes- 
sion, consecration,  election  of  abbesses, 
funerals,  &c.  will  be  new  to  the 
modern  reader,  at  least  to  those 
uninitiated  in  the  mysteries  of  the 
church  of  Rome. 

Lacock  abbey  possessed  a  book  of 
history,  the  work  of  one  of  its  inmates, 
not  recording,  however,  the  annals  of 
*  the  house,  but  relating  the  romantic 
history  of  the  Foundress  and  first 
Abbess  Ela,  the  heiress  of  the  Earldom 
of  Salisbury.  Following  the  state- 
ments of  this  authority,  Mr.  Bowles 
has  been  induced  to  entor  at  large  into 
the  history  of  the  early  Earls  of  Salis- 
bury; so  that,  in  fact,  a  great  portion 
of  this  work  is  biographical  detail  and 
genealogical  disquisition.  Thcgenealo- 
8 


[Jiily, 

gies  of  de  Sarisbury,  Longespe,  and 
Romara,  and  their  connections,  have 
received  considerable  accessions  and 
corrections;  and  among  the  important 
discoveries  developed,  and  prevalent 
errors  corrected,  we  may  instance  the 
following — 

That  the  first  Earls  of  Salisbury 
were  not  named  Devereux,  but  only 
dc  Sarisbury. 

That  they  had  a  common  origin 
with  the  house  of  Roumara,  which 
produced  an  Earl  of  Lincoln :  and  that 
the  Tancarvilles,  Chamberlains  of  Nor- 
mandy, were  probably  of  the  same 
lineage. 

That  Ela  of  Salisbury  had  two  sisters : 
though,  the  Earldom'  being  an  inad- 
visable fief,  she  was  made  the  sole 
heiress,  and  their  names  have  been 
hitherto  unknown. 

That,  as  William  Longespe*,  Earl  of 
Salisbury,  was  the  son  of  Fair  Rosa- 
mond, Geoffrey  Archbishop  of  York, 
who  was  more  than  fifteen  years  his 
senior,  is  not  likely  to  have  been  the 
King's  son  by  the  same  mother.  The 
difficulties  attending  Rosamond's  his- 
tory, have  arisen  from  her  being 
assigned  as  the  mother  of  Archbishop 
Geoffrey. 

That  the  present  representative  and 
heir  general  of  the  Longespes  is  Lord 
Stafford  and  not  Lord  Audley  :  as  will 
be  more  fully  shown  by  Mr.  Beltz  in 
his  History  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter. 

We  shall  only  add  that  the  work  is 
written  throughout  with  taste  and 
elegance ;  that  many  pleasing  little 
digressions  occur  to  relieve  the  dryness 
of  antiquarian  detail ;  that  the  romantic 
incidents  connected  with  the  monastic 
history  are  skilfully  interwoven  with 
the  historic  narrative ;  some  very 
natural  and  elegant  poems  are  inter- 
spersed, among  which  the  Lay  of 
Talbot  the  Troubadour  pleased  us 
particularly ;  the  reflections  by  Mr. 
Bowles  on  the  Monastic  Life',— his 
last  visit  to  Old  Sarum, — his  obser- 
vations on  Stonehenge,  and  many 
other  passages,  are  of  superior  in- 
terest ;  while  the  imagination  of  the 
Poet  sheds  a  pensive  gleam,  like  that 
of  the  evening  sun,  upon  the  venerable 
ruins  which  it  has  preserved  from 
obscurity.  We  therefore  thus  bid  Mr. 
Bowles  farewell  : 


Review.— Bowles's  Annals  of  Lacock  Abbey. 


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1835  ]  Review. — The  Knight  and  the  Enchantress.  05 

Time  had  his  triumph — with  remorseless  wing 
Cruel  Oblivion  o'er  the  prostrate  slain 
Sate,  like  a  bird  obscene,  upon  the  plain 
Guarding  its  silence.    Can  no  second  spring 
Reaew  sweet  Nature's  wasted  powers,  or  bring 
Art's  fallen  glories  into  life  again  ? 
Wake  gentle  Ela,  and  her  princely  train, 
Creative  Poet !  and  in  triumph  sing  ; — 
"  Potential  influence  of  the  Wizard's  call 
Hath  quell'd  the  twin -destroyers — the  soft  horn 
Breathes  from  the  moonlight  battlements,  the  hall 
With  revelry  resounds,  and  see !  the  Morn 
O'er  yon  grey  pinnets  sheds  a  glory  born 
Of  Hope,  prophetic  of  no  second  fall."  J.  M. 


The  Knight  and  the  Enchantress;  with  £ro™  .th,e  ******  *  do 

other  Poems.  By  the  Lady  Erame-  {h£k ^u*^7  T  ^ 
i;n~  Qhi.rt  iVnrti.«  "a"  of  xt  °y  beart:  but  do  you  know,  it 

line  Stuart  \\  ortley.  ^  wm  ukely  tQ  haye  prod|lced  a  mogt 

WE  were  just  going  to  commence  violent  quarrel  between  us.  Frederick 

our  review  of  this  little  volume,  when  doaU  upon  the  character  of  the  En- 

we  happened  to  be  favoured  with  a  chantress ;  while  I  absolutely  rave,  when 

sieht  of  a  letter  from  a  lady,  to  whom  *  he*J  thet  adorable  descriptions  of  the 

the  noble  authoress,  we  presume,  had  *£n,Sht:  however,  we  have  compromised 

"  j  »u        i          j"  tn  mattcr  satisfactorily,  by  allowing  that 

presented  the  volume,  in  return  for  ^         tive  exccUence  is  nearly  ec,ual. 

the  gift ;  and  she  has  so  well  expressed  My  dea/udy  Emmeline !  how  could  you 

our  sentiments,  that  we  begged  per-  wrjte  8Uch  charming  poetry,  so  finished, 

mission  to  make  use  of  her  epistle,  g0  delicate,  so  refined  in  expression,  so 

which  she  kindly  granted.  musical  in  the  rhythm  (as  I  believe  it  is 

„  called)  which  I  think  is  much  prettier 

Grotvenor-»qu*re,  May  25.       than  (D  ^  about  yergeg  /w,  . 

My  dear  Lady  Emmeline,  and  Frederick  (who  is  looking  over  my 

I  cannot  say  how  much  Frederick*  shoulder)  adds,  so  masculine  in  thought : 

and  myself  have  been  delighted  with  the  I  assure  you  we  are  all  amazement !  You 

beautiful  volume  of  Poetry  which   we  must  excuse  my  transcribing  the  opening 

found  on  our  table  last  night,  after  our  of  the  Poem  : 

Say  whither  along,  ah  !  whither  along, 

Yet  whither  along  art  thou  hurrying  now ; 
The  sunset  is  hanging  crown-jewels  of  pride 

On  the  old  mountain's  towering  brow  ? 
Say,  whither  along,  yet  whither  along ;  but  whither  along,  young  stranger; 

Ah  !  why  then,  whither  along,  in  thy  strength  and  thy  speed  ? 

Loose,  loose  ye  the  reins,  and  dismount  from  the  selle, 

And  forbear  now  to  urge  your  tir'd  steed. 
*  •  *  *  • 

Then  whither  along,  speak  whither  along,  yet  whither  along,  young  stranger  ! 
Ah  !  why,  then,  whither  along,  &c. 


Do  you  know,  my  dear  Lady  Emme-    they  amount  to  near  fifty-five,  without 
line,  that  we  were  so  pleased  with  this    the  last  couplet,  which  we  consider  to  be 
animated  address,  that  I  absolutely  got    a  noble  conclusion :  it  is  our  pet  of  the 
Frederick  to  count  the  number  of  the  whole, 
along,"   and  do  you  know, 

Ha  I  whither  along,  ho  !  whither  along — whither,  whither  ? 
Now  hither  !— come  hither  !— ah  t  whither  ? 


•  Frederick  is  the  name  of  the  lady's  husband.    They  have  two  beautiful  dear 
'little  children    and  an  elegant  villa  at  East  Sheen,  with  a  pair  of  the  sweetest 
r^>,  in  .he  world. 
CtNT.  M*o.  Voi-  IV.  K 


J 

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66  Review. — The  Knight  and  the  Enchantress.  [Julys 

AC  first  I  confess  I  could  not  imagine  but  Frederick  assured  me,  that  they  fol- 

how  these  persons  found  time  for  such  lowed  as  fast  as  they  could,  lest  he  should 

repeated  addresses  to  the  Knight,  as  he  get  out  of  hearing ;  and  they  warned  him 

is  described  as  passing  them  in  full  gallop  ;  it  was  going  to  be  a  rainy  night : — 

In  their  lone  keyless  caves  the  great  winds  I  perceive 
As  they  lie  in  abeyance  upfurl'd  ; 
»  As  they  sleep  in  their  strongholds,  the  ancient  and  drear 

At  the  deep  hinges  four  of  the  world. 

How  exquisite  that  last  allusion  is  !  the  Featherstonhaugh,  while  Sir  Lancelot 

A  hinge  would  be  a  most  uncomfortable  Shadwell, — I  mean  Sir  Lancelot  Vaux, — I 

place  in  general  to  sleep  on ;  but  for  the  suppose  represents  the  family  of  the  ex- 

winds  it  is  most  appropriate :  seeing,  as  Chancellor.     This   is  very  flattering;, 

they  are  bad  sleepers,  when  they  want  to  There  is  one  little  point  that  puzzles  mc, 

shift  they  can  turn  any  way  they  like,  my  dear  Lady  Emmeline,  which  I  dare 

My  dear  Lady  Emmeline,  how  delighted  say  you  can  explain.    Why  the  ladies), 

Lady  Londonderry  will  be  to  find  that  after  the  Knight  has  dismounted,  and  is 

the  hero  of  your  enchanting  tale  must  sitting  in  their  hall,  should  still  persevere 

have  been  her  old  grandfather,  Sir  Guy  o'  in  crying. 

Then  whither  along  ? — speak,  whither  along  ? — 
Ah  !  hither,  turn  hither,— yet  hither— Sir  Knight. 

For,  as  the  Knight  has  obeyed  their  sum-  what  the  tutors  of  colleges,  and  people  in 
mons,  and  as  his  horse  has  been  taken  to  black,  call 4  Versus  I  nte  read  ares,'  or  some 
the  stable,  I  don't  see  how  the  Knight  such  word :  so  he  says  it  is  quite  appro- 
could  be  still  golloping  on.  Frederick  sup-  priate,  even  if  people  are  sitting  still,  to 
poses  that  I  don't  understand  it  rightly;  address  them  as  if  moving — "  Whither 
but  that  these  words  are  repeated,  not  along  ?  Whither  along,"  ficc  or  as  you 
that  they  contain  any  sense,  for  he  says  better  express  it, 
that  it  is  not  the  intention  ;  but  they  are 

Still,  still  in  his  ears  rang  the  exquisite  sound*, 

And  ceas'd  not  the  full-chorused  song  ; 

Oh !  whither  along,  thou  victorious  young  Knight, 

Oh  I  whither,  sav  whither  along  ? 

m  *  m  *  * 

Through  these  and  round  those,  the  young  Warrior  moves, 

While  still  sing  the  bright  gay  fluttering  song, 
Now  whither  along  ?  oh !  whither  along 

Say,  whither  and  wherefore  along  ? 

The  description  of  the  lady's  dress    new:  how  pretty  dear  Lady  Jersey  would 
struck  me  as  being  at  once  beautiful  and    look  in  it  at  a  masqued  ball  at  Almack's. 

'  Twas  a  broad  jewell'd  Zodiac  form'd  her  zone 

And  trae'd  round  its  richly  wrought  signs, 
Hieroglyphical  characters  dimly  shone, 

Wizard  numbers,  and  mystical  lines. 
Cabalistical  names  were  thereon  inscrib'd, 

And  squares,  circles,  and  trines  were  engrav'd  ; 
And  with  queenly  grace  in  her  ivory  hand 

A  fairy-like  wand  she  wav'd. 
Xereanthemum -blooms  loop'd  the  draperies  up 
t  .  On  her  smooth  shoulders  white  and  round. 

Not  less  pleasing  is  the  description  of  stanza,  and  we  were  forced  to  ask  Lord 

the  pictures  in  the  dining-room  ;  though  Holland,  who  happened  to  call ;  was  not 

do  you  know,  neither  I  nor  Frederick  that  droll  ? 
knew  whom  you  meant  in  the  following 

And  there  Anacyndarax's  son, 

With  the  rose  and  the  myrtle  crown'd, 
Reclin'd  at  the  festal  board,  while  throng'd  thick 

His  peers  and  satraps  around. 

Frederick  was  highly  delighted  with  the  hundred  feet  high.  He  says,  it  is  what 
device  of  the  two  whales  spouting  fire  a    the  critics  call  a  beauty  from  surprise- 


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1835.]       Review.— Suggestion  on  the  Economy  of  the  Army.  67 


as  no  one  would  expect  to  see  a  whale    delicate  innovation  on  established 
spouting  fire,  except  when  be  was  pierced    in  the  following  stanza  s— 
by  a  Confrere  rocket ;  there  is  also  a 

From  the  flagons,  and  nrns,  and  boss'd  salvers  superb, 

And  the  graceful  and  rare  myrrhine  cups ; 
And  the  goblets,  like  rich  crown-imperial  flowers, 

Where  the  small  bird  luxuriantly  tupt. 

A  common  poet  would' have  said  'sips:  *  dear  Ladv  Erameline,  to  say  how  much 

but  surely,  a  bird  supping  off  a  4  crown-  we  like  the  device  of  stealing  the  Knight's 

imperial/  forms  a  fuller  and  richer  picture  cloak  in  order  to  detain  him,  though  I 

to  the  mind,  than  merely  sipping  or  pitied  him  I  confess,  when  I  read  how 

tasting  it.    1  have  only  time  now,  my  cold  he  was. 

On  a  sudden  a  sharp  biting  blast  cross' d  the  hall, 

So  sharp  and  so  biting  and  chill, 
That  it  pierc'd  thro'  the  bones,  and  it  shook  all  the  nerves 

With  its  icy  and  arrowy  thrill. 

Then  the  Knight  would  have  wrapp'd  (as  who  would  not,  who  had  been  in  his  place) — 

Then  the  Knight  would  have  wrapp'd  his  fair  fur-border' d  cloak 
Round  his  shoulders,  and  round  his  broad  breast ; 

But  it's  gone— it  is  lost— where,  where  can  it  be, 
The  fair  broider'd  and  miniver'd  vest. 

But  his  resolution  to  defy  the  storm,  cloak  vain,  heightens  my  ideas  of  his 
when  he  found  all  hopes  of  recovering  his    chivalrous  character, 

Out  spoke  that  young  Knight.— Now  to  horse !  ha !  to  horse  ! 

For  too  long  I've  been  tarrying  with  ye  ; 
Now  to  horfee  !  hs  !  to  horse !  and  a  courteous  farewell 

To  thy  company,  Sorceress,  and  thee  ! 

But,  my  dear  Lady  Erameline,  Frede-  second  line,  which  occurs  after  you  have 

nek  asks  me  to  suggest  whether  there  is  so  beautifully  described  the  light  that 

not  a  slight  misprint  by  Messrs.  Manning  «  pierced  to  the  warrior's  soul  through  his 

and  Smithson  of  No.  12,  Ivy  Lane,  in  the  sense,'— when  you  say, 


Now  he  urges  his  steed— and  now  shipping  he's  ta'en. 
And  now/ao*e*  like  a  dream,  the  alien  strand,— 

as  the  latter  part  does  not  go  so  trippingly  Here  unfortunately  the  letter  broke 
off  the  tongue  as  your  verses  in  general.    0ff,  and  we  are  unable  to  give  the 

I  LTn^^l^tTlJ^9^  namc  of  the  e,e8ant  and  t*8*™  cor- 
1  have  not  time  to  expatiate  on  the  beau-  j    .  ,  , 

tie*  of  the  other  poemV,  which  are  all  but  resP°ndent.    We  can  only  add,  that 

(excuse  those  two  naughty  little  words)  wf  /u  11  y  agree  in  the  high  admiration 

equal  to  the  one   I  have  mentioned.  whlch  she  ha9  80  we1,  and  feelingly 

Prederick  desires  his  kind  love ;  I  must  expressed  of  this  beautiful  Poem,  and 

dow  dress.    Hoping  to  see  you  at      *  need  add  nothing  of  our  own.  We 

•         *         *         *  hope  soon  to  see  Lady  Emmeline  in 

the  Press  again. 


Auxiliary  Suggestion*  on  Military  In- 
(piiry   concerning  Crime*,  Puniehments, 
and  the  Economy  of  the  British  Army,  by 
the  Author  of  the  Military  Law  of 
England. — The  author   of  this  sensible 
little  tract,  although  he  has  not  directly 
debated  himself  on  the  title  page,  is 
evidently  Mr.  Robert  Scott,  a  veteran  in 
military  jurisprudence.    He  has  treated 
the  difficult   subject    of   remission  of 
punishment   to   be  rendered  consistent 
wjtb  discipline  and  the  public  safety,  with 
considerable  tart :  he  shews  that  there  is 
ftt/Jr  no  defect  in  the  code  by  which  the 


British  army  is  governed,  but  that  its  ad- 
ministration may  be  capable  of  improve* 
ment.  Mr.  Scott  is  of  opinion  that  the 
soldier  should  never  feel  himself  other 
than  a  military  criminal,  and  deprecates 
his  consignment  to  the  treadmill,  or  the 
contamination  of  the  common  gaol.  He 
recommends,  for  less  flagrant  delinquen- 
cies, transfer  to  a  degraded  »quad,  and  la- 
borious offices.  "  It  is  pretty  certain," 
he  adds,  "  that  those  who  complain  of 
flagellation  would  not  deaire  to  see  it  dis- 
placed by  punishments  of  the  ancient  or 
modern  foreign  codes,  and  so  far  as  he 


Digitized  by  Goalgle 


38 

the  writer  can  judge,  the  public  abhor- 
rence has  arisen  from  the  anomalous 
manner  in  which  it  has  been  inflicted, 
and  an  opinion  that  passion  rather  than 
cool  reason  too  often  awurds  it.  Nothing 
can  be  more  evident  than  that  on  the 
principle  of  the  existing  military  code, 
with  a  few  practical  and  little  expensive 
details  to  carry  it  further  into  execution, 
there  can  be  no  sphere  of  human  life  more 
capable  of  happiness  than  that  of  a  soldier. " 
— p.  19.  The  author  demonstrates  his 
assertions  by  very  satisfactory  proofs  and 
deductions  ;  his  pamphlet  is  well  deserving 
of  the  attention  of  the  Commission  of 
Military  Inquiry,  for  which  we  under- 
stand his  Majesty  has  recently  issued 
his  warrant. 


Italian  and  English  Dictionary,  by 
F.  C.  Meadows,  M.A.— This  is  a  very 
comprehensive  and  generally  accurate 
little  volume.  The  dictionary  is  preceded 
by  a  concise  and  well-arranged  grammar, 
in  which  general  rules  are  clearly  laid 
down,  but  the  author  does  not  notice  the 
exceptions,  which  are  often  as  numerous 
as  instances  of  the  rule  itself ;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  plural  terminations  of  nouns. 
It  strikes  us  this  defect  might  be  obviated 
in  the  next  edition,  without  increasing 
the  bulk  of  the  volume,  (which  would  be 
the  case  were  all  the  exceptions  noticed 
in  the  introductory  grammar,)  by  subjoin- 
ing in  the  first  part  of  the  Dictionary  the 
plural  termination  to  those  nouns  which 
are  exceptions  to  the  rules  before  given 
in  the  Grammar.  For  instance,  we  read, 
nouns  ending  in  a  are  feminine,  and  form 
their  plural  in  e :  the  scholar  looks  in  the 
Dictionary  for  the  Pope,  he  finds  Papa  ; 
the  Pope,  then,  is  an  old  woman ;  (mo. 
narchs,  dukes,  and  professional  men  are 
in  the  same  predicament ;)  and  for  the 
Popes,  if  he  follows  his  rule,  he  will  write 
le  Pape ;  instead  of  i  Papi.  Or  even  should 
he  be  too  good  a  Catholic  to  doubt  the 
sex  of  the  Roman  bishop,  he  will  still  be 
at  a  loss ;  for  he  is  not  told,  as  is  usual  in 
grammars,  that  all  names  of  men  are 
masculine,  &c.  Again,  we  are  told  nouns 
ending  in  o  are  masculine,  (mano  is  an 
exception,)  and  form  their  plural  in  t,  Dio 
makes  Dei  and  uomo,  uomini.  Anello, 
ca$tello,  filo,  and  many  others  have  two 
plural  terminations ;  others,  as  frutto, 
yesto,  labbro,  three  ;  these  peculiarities 
should  be  noted  in  this  manner  : — Frutto 
*.  m.  ti,  tc,  ta,  pi.  fruit.  Some  marks 
should  also  be  placed  against  obsolete 
words ;  the  authority  for  many  of  them  is 
given,  which  is  good.  We  do  not  think  the 
author  has  correctly  given  the  plural  termi- 
nation of  nouns  in  to,  which  is  a  great 
nicety  in  the  Italian  language,  and  he  has 


[July, 

adopted  the  colloquial  o  instead  of  the 
more  elegant  final  a  in  the  first  person  of 
the  imperfect  tense.  Opening  the  Dic- 
tionary at  hazard,  we  find  Silenu*  in- 
serted as  an  Italian  word,  which  it  cer- 
tainly is  not ;  Sileno  being  their  cognomen 
for  the  foster-father  of  Bacchus.  Weare  not 
aware  that  there  are  many  Misses  Silena 
in  this  country,  but  should  there  be  any, 
we  should  certainly  advise  them  to  indict 
Mr.  Meadows  for  a  libel :  here  it  is.  4  Si- 
lena, s.f.  a  snubbed-nosed  girl.'  But  let 
us  not  be  misunderstood.  We  hope  these 
remarks  will  be  received  as  we  give  them, 
in  perfect  good  humour,  and  we  cor- 
dially recommend  this  little  volume  to  all 
those  who  like  to  find  a  great  deal  of 
information  in  a  small  compass ;  as  it 
contains,  besides  the  Italian  language  as 
now  spoken,  a  large  number  of  antiquated 
words,  contractions,  and  poetical  licenses, 
the  want  of  which,  in  most  Dictionaries, 
renders  the  study  of  the  old  Poets  gene- 
rally so  difficult. 


Memorial*  of  a  Departed  Friend. — A 
cultivated  understanding,  an  elepaut  and 
refined  taste,  an  affectionate  and  amiable 
disposition,  and  above  all,  a  deep  sense  of 
religion,  with  a  never-failing  watchful- 
ness over  her  own  mind — such  are  the 
qualities  which  are  shown  in  this  inte- 
resting little  volume,  and  with  which  we 
are  acquainted  from  the  pen  of  the  writer 
herself.  It  is  a  pleasing  memento  of 
departed  innocence  and  worth. 


Ten  plain  Sermons,  by  the  Rev.  F.  W. 
Fowle,  Rector  of  Allinyton.—Ylzin,  for- 
cible, and  sometimes  eloquent,  these  ser- 
mons are  worthy  of  the  extensive  patro- 
nage which  they  have  received.  The  last, 
the  Assize  Sermon  preached  before  Mr. 
Justice  Taunton,  and  published  at  his 
and  the  Bishop's  desire,  rises  to  consi- 
derable excellence.  The  subject,  the 
abuse  of  Liberty,  was  discreetly  chosen, 
and  treated  with  judgment  and  propriety  ; 
we  think  it  might  be  printed  in  a  cheap 
and  separate  form,  for  the  use  of  the 
lower  orders, 

Who  bawl  for  freedom  in  their  senseless 
mood,  [them  free, 

And  still  revolt  -when  truth  would  set 
License  they  mean,  when  they  cry  Liberty, 
For  who  loves  that,  must  first  be  wise  and 
good. 


Descriptive  Outlines  of  Modern  Geo- 
graphy  tyc.  by  T.  St.  Clair  Macdougal. — 
The  best  compendium  of  geographical 
information  we  have  lately  seen.  What 
a  prodigious  river  is  the  Amazon.  Its 
length  is  between  four  and  5,000  miles  ; 


Review. — Meadows'  Italian  Dictionary,  #r. 


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Miscellaneous 


its  mouth  159  miles  broad  ;  it  receives  in 
its  course  nearly  200  other  rivers,  many 
mot  inferior  to  the  Danube  !  We  believe 
xh\t  the  proper  meaning  of  the  word 
Ghamts  is  not  mountains,  as  the  author 
used  it,  but  the  pastes  through  them. 

The  Sunday  School  Reward-book.  Se- 
lections  from  the  new  Version  of  the 
P*rj,a*t  £c.  —  A  selection  judiciously 
a  i-ie,  with  an  extract  from  Bishop  Home's 
beautiful  and  elegant  Commentary. 


that  he  is  somewhat  comforted  in  the  re- 
flection  that  paralysis  and  poetry  are 
united.  Homer,  he  says,  and  Milton, 
were  blind  !  Dante  was  a  blear-eyed  beg- 
gar man  ! !  Tasso,  mad  ;  Pope,  ricketty  ; 
Akenside,  a  cripple ;  Thomson,  morbidly 
fattish  ;  Shakspeare,  stupid/  Scott  and 
Byron,  lame  ;  Cowper  and  Collins,  mad  ; 
Coleridge  had  mannering  fits  of  dreary 
daftness ,-  and  having  thus  recounted  his 
lazar-book  of  diseases,  the  author  con- 
siders his  own  complaint  as  affording  an 
apology  for  venturing  into  the  Limbo  of 
fools.  How  he  would  have  written  while 
in  health,  we  cannot  say,  but  the  follow, 
ing  stanza  seems  to  us  a  little  morbid: 


Plnm  Sermons  preached  at  Hampton, 
nddlestx,  by  Rev.  H.  F.  Sidebottom, 
-These  discourses,  we  are  told, 
•ere  received  with  much  attention  by 
the  congregation.  They  are  plain,  per- 
5pi<*uoui>f    *^t*  ri  >  1  bl£f     And     uif  rtt*iit)lc  to 

Scripture-dwelling  on  the  great  leading  And  bending  raise  the  gorgeous  sable  pall 
doctrines  of  Christianity,  enforcing  them        That  stTve,d  a  shal>en  church-yard  clod 


Dim  thro'  the  silence  of  that  pageant  hall, 
In  widow  weeds  he  saw  a  lady  glide, 


with  earnestness,  and  explaining  them 
precision. 


Memoirt  of  a  Serjeant  late  in  the  49/A 
and  an  Account  of  his  Con- 
ifc. — The  use  of  such  works  as 

these,  if  use  they  have,  is  to  fill  up  the   

<k?«ils  of  authentic  history;  they  form    Sketches  of  the  Beginning  and  the  End,  in 


to  hide ; 

And  with  the  ire  of  an  insulted  bride, 
Deep  in  the  dead  she  plunged  a  gleam- 
ing  kn(fe, 

And  wildly  ran,  with  frantic  accents  cried, 
41  Now  I  am  free — I  am  no  more  a  wife  I" 


for  the  future  Chronicler  of  the 
*n  in  Spain ;  and  even  the  observations 
of  a  common  soldier  may  give  an  account 
of  some  particular  manoeuvre  or  skirmish, 
the  truth  and  accuracy  of  which  may  be 


the  Life  of  Gherardo  de  Lucca. 

This  talc  of  wonders, 
And  fatal  blunders, 
Of  high-born  beauties, 
(We  kiss  their  shoe-ties,) 
With  chisel' d  hands,  and  scornful  lips, 
~~— —  And  eyes  that  sun  and  moon  eclipse, 

meditative  and  devotional,  by    And  knights  as  straight  and  stiff  as 

Thomas  Albin.  skewers,— 
soxxkt  sixty-first.  Are  bad  subjects  for  Reviewers. 

I  teU  a  tale — wilt  listen  while  I  tell  ?   

A  little  girl  was  playing  with  her  toys, 

Some  trifling  thing,  which  o'er  her  held       Literary  Fables,  from  the  Spanish  of 

a  spell,  1'riarte,  by  Richard  Andrews.  18,15.— 

And  fill'd  her  infant  breast  with  many  joys.  The  original  tales  of  Yriarte  are  neatly 
Her  father,  tho'  they  pleased  his  child  so    devised,  and  skilfully  and  pleasantly  exe- 

well,  cuted  ;  more  simple  than  Fontaine,  and 

With  one  of  those  fond  looks  which     more  concise  than  Gay.    The  translation 

well  decoys  by  Mr.  Andrews,  is  very  good.    We  will 

A  child's  regard— cries — Throw  them  on    give  a  specimen  from  p.  75. 

the  fire ; 


A  bursting   tear  proclaimed   the  un- 

uttered— Why  ? 
Still  she  obey'd  his  seeming  hard  desire, 
Nor  munnur'd,  though  her  breast  gave 

forth  a  sigh. 
Ht  buys  her  toys  which  please  her  more, 

and  saith,  [faith  ; 

Remember,  while  you  live,  these  are  for 
And  shall  not  our  Almighty  Father  give 
A  gnat  reward  to  aU  who  in  his  Word 
believe  ? 


THE  TWO  TIIRl'SUER. 

A  sage  old  thrush  was  once  discipling 
His  son-in-law,  a  hair-brained  stripling, 
In  the  purveying  art ;  he  knew, 
He  said,  where  vines  in  plenty  grew, 
Whose  fruit  delicious,  if  he 'd  come, 
He  might  devour  ad  libitum. 
4  Ha!  fruit !  and  is  it  good,  I  pray, 
My  honoured  sir  ?  do  show  the  way.' 
'  Come  then,  my  son,'  the  old  one  cried, 
*  I  to  the  spot  will  be  your  guide. 


  You  can't  imagine  what  a  treat, 

Eforts  by   an   Invalid.     Greenock,  Such  fruit  it  is— so  plump  and  sweet.' 

IMS  —The  author  of  this  volume  tells  He  said,  and  gliding  through  the  air, 

m  ht  ha*  had  many  paralytic  fits,  but  Tbey  reached  the  vine,  and  halted  there. 


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70 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[July, 


Soon  as  the  grapes  the  youngster  spied, 
*  Is  this  the  fruit  you  praise  ?»  he  cried ; 
1  Why,  an  old  bird,  sir,  as  you  are, 
Should  judge,  I  think,  more  wisely  far, 
Than  to  admire,  or  hold  as  good, 
Such  half-grown — small— and  worthless 
food  ; 

Come  see  a  fruit  which  long  I 've  known, 
In  yonder  garden,  and  you'll  own, 
That  not  without  some  cause,  I  sneer, 
At  your  poor  dwarfish  berries  here." 
1  Well,'  said  the  other,  *  lead  the  way, 
But  I  '11  my  head  and  feathers  lay, 
Before  I  see  it,  't  will  be  found 
Not  worth  those  skins  upon  the  ground  ! 
They  reached  the  spot  the  youth  had 
named, 

And  he  triumphantly  exclaimed, 
'  Show  me  the  fruit  to  equal  mine, 
A  size  so  great,  a  shape  so  fine — 
Now,  now  your  silly  taste  confess,* — 
It  was — a  pumpkin — nothing  less ! 
Now  that  a  thrush  should  take  this  fancy, 
Without  much  marvelling,  I  can  see, 
But  it  is  truly  monstrous,  when 
Men,  who  are  held  as  learned  men, 
All  books,  whate'er  they  be,  despise, 
Unless  of  largest  bulk  and  size ; 
A  book  is  great,  if  good  at  all, 
If  bad — it  cannot  be  too  small. 


The  Belgic  Revolution,  in  1B30,  by 
Charles  White,  Esq.  2  role.  1835.— These 
volumes  are  written  by  a  person  of  know- 
ledge, acuteness,  and  observation,  and 
form  the  very  best  account  of  that  re- 
volution, which,  rising  in  the  pit  of  the 
theatre,  in  a  single  night  tore  the  crown 
of  Belgium  from  the  temples  of  the  mo- 
narch.   The  causes  of  the  discontent, 
its  progress,  and  its  movements ;  the 
delay,  and  difficulties,  and  errors  of  the 
king  and  his  advisers,  are  clearly  ex- 
plained.   The  Allied  Congress,  in  unit- 
ing  two   kingdoms   so  discordant,  so 
differing  in  language,  religion,  habits, 
interests,  first  laid  the  stone  of  future 
evil ;  secondly,  William,  by  his  pre- 
ference of  the  Dutch  in  all  situations, 
civil  and  military,  increased  it ;  thirdly, 
hy  delay,  and  obstinate  inflexibility,  he 
lost  the  chance  of  recovery ;  and,  lastly, 
the  total  incompetence  of  Prince  Frederic 
to  fill  the  important  office  of  commander 
of  the  invading  and  chastising  army,  in  a 
most  delicate  and  difficult  crisis,  sealed  at 
once  the  fate  of  the  sovereign,  rendered 
re-union  hopeless,   and  placed  the  re- 
volted Belgians  under  a  new  and,  we 
hope,  a  happier  dynasty.    Mr.  White's 
book  is  highly  interesting  and  instructive ; 
it  is  the  work  of  one  who  was  present 
during  the  eventful  period,   from  the 
breaking  out  of  the  revolution,  to  the 


final  settlement  under  Prince  Leopold  : 
who  was  acquainted  with  the  principal 
persons,  civil  and  military,  both  in  Hol- 
land and  Belgium,*  who  were  concerned 
in  the  progress  of  the  great  events  de- 
scribed ;  who  was  privy  to  the  principal 
negociations  ;  and  who  has  formed  a  cool, 
deliberate,  and  statesman -like  view  of  the 
whole. 


New  England  and  her  Institutions-, 

by  one  of  her  Sons.  —  The  most  inte- 
resting chapter  in  this  work,  is  that 
which  gives  us  an  account  of  Slavery  in 
America.  •  It  appears  that  there  are  in 
America  two  millions  of  slaves  and  three 
hundred  thousand  free  blacks  ;  and  their 
numbers  are  increasing  at  the  rate  of 
sixty  thousand  annually ;  a  fearful  num- 
ber, which  has  long  naturally  excited  at- 
tention and  inspired  alarm.    The  Ame- 
ricans have  a  colony  at  Liberia  in  Africa, 
where  free  blacks  have  been  sent ;  but  it 
absorbs  only  one  drop  in  a  shower,  and 
the  colony  itself  appears  to  be  in  an  un- 
prosperous  situation.    The  account  of 
the  insurrection  of  the  negroes  in  Au- 
gust 1831  in  Virginia,  is  most  terrific; 
and  presents  a  more  frightful  picture  of 
misery,  consternation,  and  horror  on  the 
one  side,  and  brutal  and  bloody  ignorance 
and  frantic  cruelty  on  the  other,  than  we 
ever  remember.    Alas!  what  is  to  pre- 
vent a  second  eruption  of  this  fearful 
volcano,  and  desolation  in  all  its  terrors 
a  hundred  times  as  great? 

Facte  and  Fiction*,  or  Gleanings  of  a 
Tourist,  by  the  author  of  Rostang.  — 
We  must  always  withhold  our  approba- 
tion from  tales  like  these  ;  they  are  dan- 
gerous by  the  false  lights,  the  artificial 
and  exaggerated  colouring  which  they 
throw  over  the  events  of  life,  and  by  the 
violent  manner  in  which  they  act  on  the 
imagination.    Events  like  those  here  de- 
scribed seldom  occur  ;  when  they  do,  they 
should  as  speedily  as  possible  be  buried 
in  oblivion.    The  history  of  guilty  de- 
sires, unrestrained  wills,  misplaced  affec- 
tions, rash  and  headstrong  resolves,  and 
catastrophes  ending   in  desolation  and 
death,  was  borne  for  some  time  reluct- 
antly in  the  poetry  of  Byron,  but  will  be 
rejected,  when  offered  again  in  the  prose 
of  his  less  illustrious  successors. 


*  How  came  Mr.  White  to  make  so  un- 
scholar-like  a  blunder,  as  to  assert  that 
Scaliger  was  born  in  Holland  ?  Why  the 
marble  statues  of  the  great  La  Scalas,  at 
Verona,  shook  upon  their  lordly  pe- 
destals ?  Is  the  blood  of  Julius  come  to 
this? 


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Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


71 


Sober  Views  of  the  Millenium,  by  the 
Her.  T.  Jones,   of  Creator*,  Northamp- 
i  mkirt. — Of  the  extreme  sobriety  and 
moderation  of  Mr.   Jones's  views  of  a 
prat  event,  supposed  to  be  mysteriously 
predicted  in  Scripture,  no  doubt  can  be 
entertained  ;  and  we  are  most  willing  to 
separate  the  opinions  of  a  very  sensible 
cum  \nd  pious  Christian  from  the  wild 
ravings  of  fanaticism  and  the  rash  hypo- 
theses of  overheated  imaginations  and 
weak  judgments.     Mr.  Jones's  reflec- 
tions towards  the  conclusion  of  his  book 
are  worthy  of  all  praise. 


Pemr-uddock,  a  Tale  by  the  author  of 
TTaltr  burgh.      3    vols.  —  We  cannot 
commend  this    novel    either  for  the 
propriety  of  the  fiction,  the  probability 
of    the  incidents,  the  elegance  of  the 
sentiments,  or  the  truth  of  the  charac- 
ters.     The  object  of  the  author  seems 
to  have  been,  to  make  his  tale  exceed- 
ingly   mysterious.     Indeed,  a  cloud  of 
mystery  haDgs  over  the  whole  narrative 
from   beginning  to  end  ;  from  the  intro- 
duction of  the  hero  as  a  gipsy  in  the  first 
part,  to  the  attempt  to  carry  him  off  by 
an  Italian  swindler  in  a  night -anchored 
on  the  day  of  his  nuptials,  in  the 
All  the  females  too  are  as  inyste- 
i  as  the  gentlemen,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  two  ladies'  maids,  who  be- 
haiwe  like  sensible  women,  and  are  by  far 
the  most  interesting  of  the  whole.  One 
of  the  ladies  walks  into  a  gentleman's  bed- 
room at  dead  of  night,  with  a  lamp  and 
dagger,  and  sits  quietly  on  the  fauteuil, 
and  talks  to  the  astonished  inmate  in  vio- 
lation of  all  decorum ;  then  blows  out  the 
candle  and  disappears — this,  too,  from  a 
\ady  past  forty !    Another  is  going  to  be 
married  to  a  very  amiable  young  man, 
but  changes  her  mind,  after  everything  is 
signed  and  sealed  ;  and  the  bridegroom, 
with  well-bred  nonchalance,  agrees  to  the 
alteration,  though  she  was  the  chosen  of 
his  heart,  and  he  was  devotedly  attached 
to  her.  Such  persons  as  these,  are,  there- 
fore, beyond  our  criticism  ;  and  we  again 
sat,  that  the  ladies '  maids  are  the  only 
nhoml  part  of  the  menage. 

Soma  of  ***  Prophecies,  by  S.  M. 
oenys  v  pleasing  and  in- 

U'iton.—Thi*  is  »  descriptive  pas- 

ttructire  vohinu.  many  of  them  of 

*iZC!>  in  the  poe  ^t-riaintX  much  delicacy 
£st  beauty  ;  p<^£e  an  Elegant  selection 
of  expr***101*'   ,    a    flowing,  harmonious 

of  \n**y*>  ar**f  jn  f«*«  a  ^  P°e?c 
'  .  there  *»'  yor  the  defects,  the 
llm  'ibroaghou^      ^on8i8ts  in  the  sue 


cession  of  subjects  so  similar  to  each 
other,  viz.  the  destruction  of  the  great 
heathen  cities  of  the  ancient  world,  by  the 
predicted  judgments  of  God ;  thus  Ba- 
bylon, Nineveh,  Tyre,  &c.  have  all  sepa- 
rate narratives ;  and  the  causes  and  se- 
quences being  nearly  the  same  in  all,  the 
reflections  and  opinions  cannot  be  much 
diversified.  The  introductions  and  notes 
also  are  too  long ;  and,  though  well  writ- 
ten, are  rather  out  of  place  in  a  book  of 
poetry.  For  the  particular  faults  which 
we  wish  to  be  removed,  they  consist 
chiefly  in  some  trifling  defects  of  taste  in 
the  versification.  The  author  has  a 
strange  and  affected  pronunciation  of 
many  words  ;  and  others  are  misplaced. 

As, 

And  on  the  gentle  evening's  calmness,  oh  1 
Full  many  a  minstrel's  harp's  enrap- 
turing strain 
Pour'd  forth  its  low  wild  notes  of  pa- 
thos on  the  plain. 

Again  this  botch  of  an  exclamation  oc- 
curs— 

No  tree,  nor  shrub,  nor  flower  blowing 
there,  [low, 
A  sombre,  sullen  waste !  from  far  be- 
The  dark  funereal  waters  leave  the  bare 
And  rocky  mountain-sides,   or  deep, 
deep  oh  !  [flow,  ice. 

Full  many  a  fathom  down,  their  currents 

Once  more, 

Yet  burst  them  bravely,  fearlessly,  and  oh  ! 
How  clear  and  how  sublime  shines  forth 
the  ark  [adventurous  bark. 

Of  truth.    Oh  I  give  the  sails  to  your 

And, 

For  oh !  the  ivy  climbs  the  temple's  pride. 

We  do  not  like  the  concetto, 
Wasted  in  beauty,  beautiful  in  waste. 

Nor  such  lines  as 

And  what  they  did  of  good,  go  ye  and  do 
likewise. 

Crush' d  beneath  which,  the  mountains 
deem'd  stedfast. 

As  of  the  fire  of  his  ancestors  shone. 

But  these  are  only  as  mosses  and  li- 
chens on  the  trunk  of  the  poetic  tree, 
which  may  easily  be  removed ;  in  the 
meanwhile,  its  sap  and  vigour  seem  to 
prognosticate  future  crops  of  rich  and 
mellow  fruit.  The  moral  parts  of  the 
poem  are  not  equal  to  the  descriptive; 
and  there  are  proofs  scattered  up  and 
down,  of  immaturity  of  taste ;  but  while 
there  is  little  to  blame,  there  is  much  to 
commend ;  and  if  we  do  not  extract  any 
passages,  it  is  only  to  induce  our  readers 
to  read  the  whole. 


Digitized  by  Google 


■ 

FIXE 

Etchings  by  Rembrandt. 

The  late  Mr.  PoleCarew's  fine  Cabinet 
of  Rembrandt's  Etchings  was  lately  dis- 
persed by  auction,  and  a  preface  to  the 
catalogue  informs  us  that  this  collection 
was  surpassed  only  by  that  of  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  the  sale  of  which  we 
recorded  last  year.  If  the  latter  proved 
more  abundant  in  rare  and  unique  speci- 
mens of  the  master,  Mr.  Carew's  at  least 
possessed  its  due  share  of  gems  of  no 
ordinary  interest,  as  the  following  prices 
of  some  of  them  will  amply  testify: — 
Rembrandt's  most  celebrated  work, 
«  Christ  healing  the  Sick,'  known  among 
collectors  as  The  Hundred  Guilder,  pro- 
duced 163/.  16*.  bought  by  Sir  Ah.  Hume. 
The  Portrait  of  Tolling,  the  Dutch  Ad- 
vocate,  220/.,  purchased  for  M.  Six,  of 
Amsterdam,  whose  ancestor  is  comme- 
morated by  one  of  Rembrandt's  finest  por- 
traits. 1  be  '  Little  Polish  Figure,'  a 
diminutive  gem  of  an  inch  and  a  quarter 
high,  531.  1 I*,  was  bought  for  the  King  of 
Holland.  The  4  Rat-killer,'  59/.  17*.  by 
Molteno  &  Graves.  The  rare  portrait  of 
Renier  Ansloo,  7  W.  11*.  by  Air.  Harding. 

*  A  Girl  reading,'  la/.  Mr.  Woodburn. 

*  Lutma,  the  Goldsmith,'  31/  10*.  by  M. 
Claussin,  of  Puris.  *  Asselyn  the  Painter, 
with  the  easel,'  39/.  18*.  A  Portrait  of 
Rembrandt  drawing,  31/.  10*.;  another 
portrait  of  him,  581.  16*.  The  finest  spe- 
cimens of  this  collection  were  either  car- 
ried off  by  foreign  agents,  or  found  then- 
way  into  private  collections  at  home, 
whilst  the  officer  of  the  print  department 
of  our  national  establishment  sat  a  quies- 
cent spectator  of  the  sale,  without  funds 
at  his  disposal  to  dispute  the  possession. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  the  results  of  this  sale 
may  not  be  lost  upon  the  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons  who  are  now 
investigating  the  affairs  of  the  British 
Museum,  and  that  greater  funds  will  ere 
long  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Trustees. 


Four  Views  of  Belvoir  Castle,  Leicester- 
sliire,  the  seat  of  his  Grace  the  Ihike  of 
Rutland. — These  are  from  original  draw- 
ings by  Joseph  Rhodes,  Esq.  of  Leeds. 
They  consist  of  two  exterior  views,  the 
more  distant  one  taken  from  the  lake,  and 
the  near  view  from  the  woods  below  the 
castle  on  the  north-west.  Plate  3.  repre- 
sents the  Grand  Hall  and  Staircase;  and 
plate  4.  the  interior  of  the  Chapel,  with 
the  altar-piece  by  Murillo.  The  plates 
are  of  large  quarto  size,  well  executed  in 
lithography,  by  the  masterly  hand  of  P. 
Gnuci. 


[July, 

ARTS. 

Leonardo  da  Jlnci.— A  picture  by  Le- 
onardo da  Vinci  has  been  lately  disco- 
vered at  the  palace  of  Fontainebleau, 
which  had  long  been  given  up  as  lost. 
The  subject  is  Leda,  and  it  is  spoken  of 
by  the  contemporaries  of  Leonardo  in  the 
highest  terms  of  praise. 


Heath's  Gallery  of  British  Engravings. 
8vo.  &  4to.  Parts  I.  II. — The  rapacious 
cupidity  of  foreign  publishers,  which  lias 
long  pirated  with  impunity  the  copyright 
of  English  authors,  has  lately  directed 
its  attack  upon  the  works  of  our  en- 
gravers, whose  acknowledged  superiority 
in  the  execution  of  small  plates  has  made 
their  works  an  article  of  profitable  spe- 
culation in  the  continental  markets.'  To 
accomplish  their  purpose  still  more  effec- 
tively, the  said  publishers  have  even  pro- 
ceeded to  engage  English  artists  to  make 
the  copies.    In  order  to  encounter,  on  j 
equal  terms,  this  unjust  and  illiberal  corn-  ; 
petition,  the  proprietor  of  the  Keepsake,  ' 
the  Book  of  Beauty,  the  Picturesque  <; 
Annual,  and  Turner's  Annual  Tour,  has  ! 
determined  to  offer  to  the  public,  both  of 
England  and  the  Continent,  impressions 
from  the  original  plates,  at  a  less  price  ■ 
than  his  competitors  can  sell  their  stolen  ; 
and  inferior  copies.    His  plan  is  to  give 
three  engravings  in  each  shilling  part, 
together  with  descriptions.     They  will 
usually  consist  of  one  portrait  or  fancy 
head,  an  historical  subject,  and  a  land- 
scape.   The  wonderful  durability  of  en- 
gravings on  steel  prevents  any  perceptible  , 
difference  between  the  earliest  and  the 
latest  impressions.  •  • 


Tfie  Napoleon  Gallery ;  or.  Illustrations 
of  the  Life  and  Times  of  the  Emperor  of 
France.  12mo.  Parti. — This  is  an  English 
edition  of  a  series  of  French  etchings,  said 
to  be  taken  "  from  all  the  most  celebrated 
pictures,  &c.  produced  in  France  during 
the  last  forty  years.*'  It  is  to  be  completed 
in  sixteen  monthly  parts,  each  containing 
six  plates.  They  are  effectively  executed 
in  outline,  slightly  shaded  j  and  will  cer- 
tainly form  a  very  interesting  series  when 
chronologically  arranged,  or  as  illustrations 
to  the  various  Lives  of  Napoleon,  for 
which  their  size  well  adapts  them.  In 
one  instance  "The  Retreat  from  Mos- 
cow,'* the  letter-press  does  not  at  all  an- 
swer to  the  story  of  the  picture. 


British  Atlas,  by  J.  and  C.  Walker. 
Longman. — This  work  is  to  comprise 
separate  maps  of  every  county  in  England, 
and  the  three  Ridings  of  Yorkshire. 


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Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


73 


Wiles  will  be  contained  in  four  sheets,  and 
be  so  arranged  that  they  may  be 

pined  together,  and  form  one  map  of  the 
Prindpality.  The  whole  will  be  com- 
pleted in  twenty-three  monthly  numbers, 
each  containinng  two  maps.  The  plates 
nwasure  sixteen  inches  by  thirteen ;  yet 
are  sold  at  the  very  cheap  price  of  9d. 
plain,  or  1*.  coloured.  In  the  first  part 
are  Lincolnshire  and  Gloucestershire,  and 
m  the  «econd  Kent  and  Dorsetshire.  The 
modern  electoral  divisions  and  boundaries 

In  Parts  VIII.— X.  of  Shaw's  Speci- 
men* of  Ancient  Furniture,  some  very  great 
cariosities  are  represen  ted .  A  reli  quary  of 
box  work,  said  to  have  been  brought  from 
Spain,  is  an  exquisite  specimen  of  ancient 
carving,  in  the  most  florid  ecclesiastical 
style,  and  deservedly  occupies  two  plates. 
The  enamelled  candlestick  of  the  twelfth 
century,  belonging  to  Sir  Samuel  Mey- 
rick,  and  formerly  engraved  in  the  Archseo- 
locm,  makes  a  most  splendid  figure  in  co- 
lours, which  are  copied  with  the  utmost 
fidelity  and  beauty.  We  have  here  also 
that  monarch  of  all  curule  seats,  the  chair 
in  St.  Mary's  Hall  at  Coventry. 

Exhibitions. 
The  lovers  of  the  art  of  painting  have 
now  before  them  not  only  the  Exhibition 
at  Somerset  House,  which  is  considered 
to  contain  many  pictures  of  great  merit 
this  year;  but  also  two  Water  Colour 
Exhibitions;  and  at  the  British  Gallery  a 


very  choice  assemblage  of  the  old  Mas- 
ters, together  with  nearly  one  hundred 
portraits  on  enamel  by  Mr.  Bone,  of  emi- 
nent persons  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

At  the  Diorama  two  new  pictures  by 
M.  Bouton  have  been  opened.  The  Cam- 

So  Vaccino,  at  Rome,  is  a  splendid  pro- 
uction ;  but  the  interior  of  the  church  of 
Santa  Croce,  is  managed  with  the  most 
magical  effect.  Day  is  succeeded  by 
night,  and  the  darkness  followed  by  the 
whole  building  being  lighted  up  with  can- 
dles, for  a  nocturnal  service,  attended  by 
a  full  congregation,  which,  wonderful  to 
say,  leave  their  seats  on  its  termination, 
and  presently  the  dawn  of  returning  day 
is  seen  with  its  own  peculiar  rays  of  light. 

At  the  Panorama  in  Leicester  Square 
Mr.  Burford  has  opened  a  new  view  of 
Thebes,  and  the  gigantic  temple  of  Kar- 
nak.  The  drawings  have  been  supplied 
by  Mr.  Catherword  the  architect,  to  whom 
Mr.  Burford  was  indebted  for  the  view  of 
Jerusalem,  now  exhibiting  at  the  same 
place.  Though  the  forms  of  the  archi- 
tectural ruins  of  Thebes  have  become  fa- 
miliar from  recent  works,  yet  the  visitor 
cannot  fail  to  be  struck  with  their  actual 
magnitude,  and  with  their  painted  variety 
of  colours  still  glowing  in  the  burning  sun. 

Mr.  HippingUle's  works  are  exhibiting 
at  the  Cosmorama  rooms  in  Regent-street. 
Among  these  are  the  Post  Office,  the 
Recruiting  Party,  and  some  excellent 
scenes  of  French  life  $  and  an  Hogarthian 
series  of  six  clever  pictures,  displaying 
the  Progress  of  Drunkenness. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


Sew  -works  announced  for  Publication. 

The  First  Part  of  a  Series  of  143 
Plates  of  Roman  Coins  and  Medals 
comprising  all  the  important  varieties  of 
the  Consular  or  Family  Series,  and  those 
of  the  Empire,  from  Pompey  the  Great 
down  to  Trajan  Decius.  Including  many 
of  those  struck  in  the  Colonies  and  Im- 
perial Greek  Cities,  embracing  a  period 
of  475  years.  With  Introductory  Ob- 
servations. By  the  late  Rev.  John  Glen 
King,  D.D.  F.S.A.&c. 

Greece  and  the  Levant ;  or,  Diary  of 
a  Summer's  Excursion  in  1834.  With 
Epistolary  Supplements.    By  the  Rev. 
K.  Bcrgess,  B.D.  Author  of  "  The  To- 
pography and  Antiquities  of  Rome." 

The  /latobiograpby  of  Cowper  :  being 
«n  acroant  of  the  nooet  interesting  portion 
of  bis  life.    Written  by  Himself. 

Rev.  Potb  Hall  on  Congregational 
Reform. 

Bibliad  Theology-  The  Rule 

ofFiitb.    By  the  JUv -.V.  Moreens. 
Cm-  Mag.  Vol.  I V. 


Chronological  Charts,  illustrative  of 
Ancient  History  and  Geography.  By 
John  Drew. 

Lectures  on  Moral  Philosophy.  By 
R.  D.  Hampden,  D.  D.  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of 
Oxford. 

Letters  on  the  Philosophy  of  Unbelief. 
By  the  Rev.  James  Wills. 

A  Volume  of  Sermons,  adapted  to  the 
Mechanical  and  Agricultural  Population. 
By  E.  W.  Clarke,  Rector  of  Great 
Yeldham,  Essex. 

Statement  of  the  provision  for  the 
Poor,  and  the  Condition  of  the  Labouring 
classes,  in  a  considerable  portion  of  Ame- 
rica and  Europe.  By  Nassau  W.  Se- 
nior, Esq. 

Rosebuds  rescued,  and  presented  to 
my  Children.  By  the  Rev.  S.  C.  Wilkb. 

German  Historical  Anthology.  By 
Aholphus  Bernays,  Ph.  Dr. 

Valpy's  History  of  England  illustrated, 
the  Third  Vol.  of  the 
L 


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74 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 
History.   By  the  Rev.  T. 


[July, 


of  Smollet's 
8.  Hughes, 

The  Fossil  Fruits  and  Seeds  of  the 
London  Clay,  by  J.  S.  Bowerbank  ;  with 
numerous  platen,  by  J.  D.  C.  Sowerby. 

The  Life  and  Times  of  William  III. 
King  of  England  and  Stadtholder  of  Hoi- 
land.  By  the  Hon,  Arthur  Trevor, 
M.P. 


ditur,"  James  Cowles  Pricbard,  Scholar 
of  Trinity. 

English  Essay,  '<  The  influence  of  an- 
cient Oracles  on  Public  and  Private 
Life,"  James  Bowling  Mozley,  B.A.  of 
Oriel. 

Latin  Essay,  "  De  Jure  Clientele  apud 
Komanos,"  Ronndell  Palmer,  B.A.  Pro- 
bationer Fellow  of  Magdalen,  Ireland 
and  Eldon  Scholar,  and  late  Scholar  of 
Trinity. 

Sir  Roger  NezcdigaU%s  Prize  for  the  best 
composition  In  English  verse,  44  The 
Burning  of  Moscow,"  Seymour  Fitzge- 


Colbum's  Modern  Novelists. 
The  plan  of  this  spirited  publication  is 
professedly  an  imitation  of  the  late  ad- 
mirable edition  of  the  Waverley  Novels, 

which  has  been  eminently  successful.  Tbe  raid,  Commoner  of  Oriel, 
enterprising  bibliopolist,  who  has  so  long  Cambridge,  June  12.   The  Chancel- 
distinguished  himself  in  this  particular  lor's  medal  for  the  best  English  poems 
department  of  amusing  literature,  now  was  adjudged  to  T.  Whitehead,  of  St. 
appears  determined  to  gratify  the  public  John's  College.— Subject,  «  The  Death 
taste  in  a  more  extended  degree,  and  at  of  tbe  late  Duke  of  Gloucester." 
so  cheap  a  rate,  that  nothing  but  an  im-  The  Greek  Porson  Prize  of  this  year 
mense  circulation  can  adequately  remu-  has  been  adjudged  to  W.  J.  Kennedy,  of 
nerate  him.     This  material  object  we  St.  John's  College.     Sabjcct,  Shak- 
have  little  doubt  will  be  ensured,  if  we  speare's  3d  Part  of  Kin*  Henry  VI.  Act 
take  into  consideration,  independently  of  II.  sc.  2,  beginning  u  My  gracious  liege," 
the  beauty  and  cheapness  of  the  volumes,  &c. 
the  distinguished  Authors  whose  leading  — — 
works  are  to  appear  in  the  collection,  and  royal  society. 
the  eminent  artists  engaged  in  the  execu-  May  28.    Sir  B.  C.  Brodie,  V.  P. — 
tion  of  the  embellishments  which  adorn  The  reading  was  commenced  of  a  paper 


the  volumes.  Among  the  Authors  con- 
nected with  the  series  appear  the  names  of 
R.  P.  Ward,  Esq,  author  of  *  Tremaine' ; 
E.  Lytton  Bulwer,  Esq.;  Theodore 
Hook,  Esq.  ;  Earl  of  Mulgrave;  Capt. 
Marryatt ;  B.  D' Israeli,  junior  ;  Rev. 
R.  Gleig;  Horace  Smith,  Esq. ;  T.  H. 
Lister,  Esq. ;  P.  R.  James,  Esq. ;  J.  B. 
Fraser.  Esq.;  Rev.  G.  Croly.  author  of 


on  the  influence  of  the  tricuspid  valve  of 
the  heart  on  the  circulation  of  the  blood, 
by  T.  W.  King,  esq. 
June  4.  The  Rev.  G.  Peacock,  V.P. 
Mr.  King's  paper  was  concluded ;  and 
a  report  was  read  from  a  committee  for 
collecting  information  respecting  tbe  oc- 
currence of,  and  the  more  remarkable  phe- 
nomena connected  with,  the  earthquakes 


■  Salathiel  * ;  John  Banim,  Esq. ;  Capt.  lately  felt  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Chi 
Glascock:   E.  S.  Barrett.  Esa.:  Mrs. 


Glascock;  E.  S.  Barrett,  Esq.;  Mrs. 
Gore  ;  Lady  Morgan ;  Lady  C.  Bury. 

Tbe  volumes  which  have  already  ap- 
peared (the  merits  of  which  are  now  too 
well  known  to  require  observation)  con- 
sist of  Pelham,  by  E.  Lvtton  Bulwer, 
Esq.  2  vols;  the  celebrated  Irish  national 
tale,  called  O'Donnel,  by  Lady  Morgan, 
the  three  volumes  published  in  one;  Tre- 
malne,  by  R.  P.  Ward,  Esq.  in  2  vols. ; 
and  Drambktye  House,  by  Horace  Smith, 
Esq. 


cheater,  by  J.  P.  Gruggen,  esq. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Foreign  Members  of  the  Society:  M. 
Elie  de  Beaumont,  M.  Frederic  Cuvier. 
M.  P.  Flourens,  Professor  Hansen,  and 
Dr.  Rosenburgbv 

The  Society  adjourned  over  Whitaun 
week  to  June  18. 


Oxofrd,  June  9. — The  Theological 
Prize  for  I836\  on  the  following  subject, 

<*  The  Death  of  Christ  was  a  propitiatory  -  .     ,  . 

Sacrifice,  and  a  vicarious  Atonement  for  year,  and  F.  jiady,  W.  D.  Cooley,  a nd 
the  Sins  of  Mankind,"  has  been  awarded    Thomas  Murdoch,  esqrs.  Vice- Presidents 


ROYAL  GEOGRAPHICAL  SOCIETY. 

May  18.  The  Anniversary  Meeting 
was  held  at  the  Society's  apartments  in 
Regent  street,  at  which  the  necessary 
changes  were  made,  Sir  John  Barrow, 
being  elected  its  President  for  the  ensuing 


to  Mr.  John  Cowley  Fishery  B.A.  of 
Queen's  College. 

June  16.  The  Chancellor's  Prizes  for 
the  present  year  have  been  this  day  ad- 
judged to  the  following  gentlemen : 

Latin  Verse,  u  Julian  us  Imperator  Tern- 
plum  Hierosolymitanum  instaurare  aggrc- 


A  very  favourable  report  was  made  of  tbe 
proceedings  and  prospects  of  the  Society. 

The  annual  premium  which  his  Ma- 
jesty places  at  tlie  Society's  disposal,  had 
been  awarded  this  year  to  Lieut.  Bumes, 
for  his  most  valuable  and  interesting  Tra- 
vels up  the  River  Indus,  and  aero** 


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i 


1835.] 

Western  Asia.    The  council  has  voted 
500.'.  towards  the  outfit  and  maintenance 
of  two  expeditions  of  discovery,  one  to 
tbe  interior  of  South  Africa,  from  Dela- 
liay,  the  other  to  the  back  of  British 
Guiana;  and,  for  the  promotion  of  these 
objects  his   Majesty's  Government  has 
been  pleased  to  grant  the  sum  of  1000/. 
dpt.  J.  E.  Alexander,  of  tbe  42d  regi- 
ment, started  some  time  since  on  the 
African  expedition ;  and  Mr.  Scbomburgh, 
&  scientific  gentleman  in  the  West  Indies, 
U  already  at  George  Town,  preparing  for 
the  contemplated  explorations  in  Guiana. 
It  was  stated,  that  no  late  intelligence  had 
been  received  of  Captain  Back ;  but  that 
in  all  probability  August  or  September 
would  bring  tidings  of  him,  and  that  his 
return  might  be  looked  for  before  the  ex- 
piration of  the  year.    The  council  had 
subscribed  towards  tbe  expense  of  publish- 
ing an  elaborate  grammar  of  the  Cree 
language  by  Mr.  Howse,  a  gentleman 
who  has  passed  many  years  in  tbe  Hud- 
son Bay  Company's  territories ;  and  also 
to  a  translation  from  the  Danish  into 
English  of  Captain  Graah's  voyage  to  the 
east  coast  of  Greenland,  both  which  works 
are  in  progress.    From  the  treasurer's 
report,  it  appeared  that  the  funds  of  the 
Society  are  in  a  most  prosperous  state ; 
for,  notwithstanding  the  above  extraor- 
expenf.es,  the  Society  was  pos- 
of  4,80< XM.  stock,  together  with  a 
respectable  balance  in  the  bankers1  bands. 
In  the  evening  a  number  of  its  friends  and 
supporters  assembled,  and  dined  at  the 
Thatched  House  with  the  Raleigh  Club, 
at  the  table  of  which  the  idea  of  founding 
this  Society  was  tirst  brought  forward  by 
its  present  President,  Sir  John  Barrow, 
five  years  ago. 


ZOOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

May  29.  At  the  adjourned  general 
meeting  (see  p.  644),  after  a  protracted 
discussion,  the  Council  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  election  of  Sir  R.  Gordon  and 
Mr.  Grant  into  their  number,  by  a  large 
majority. 

At  tbe  usual  monthly  meeting  on 
Thursday,  the  4th  of  June,  it  appeared 
that  a  deputation  of  the  fellows,  composed 
of  Dr.  Bostock,  Sir  C.  Forbes,  and  Sir 
J.  Sebright,  had  waited  on  the  Council 
with  a  resolution,  to  the  effect  that  it 
would  promote  the  welfare  of  the  Society 
and  a  more  friendly  feeling  among  the 
members,  if  the  Council  were  in  future  to 
be  guided  in  the  election  of  officers  by  a 
combined  principle  of  length  of  appoint- 
ment and  non-attendance  at  the  business 
meetings ;  L  e.  that  two  members  of  coun- 
ril  should  be  selected  to  go  out  by  senio- 
rity of  nppointment,  and  three  by  the 
fewest  number  of  attendances.    The  pre- 


75 

sident,  treasurer,  and  secretary  to  be  ex- 
empted. To  this  resolution  the  council 
agreed,  and  it  was  arranged  that  it  should 
be  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the 
members  of  the  Society,  who  of  course 
will  agree  to  it. 


May  23.  The  Annual  Meeting  for 
distributing  the  Prizes  was  held  this  day. 
Lord  Nugent  presided.  Tbe  business  of 
the  Meeting  was  commenced  by  Dr.  El- 
liotson  reading  the  general  report,  which 
contained  a  highly  satisfactory  account  of 
the  advance  of  medical  science  at  the 
University.  It  stated  that  the  medieal 
pupils  derived  the  greatest  possible  ad- 
vantages from  tbe  establishment  of  the 
North  London  Hospital,  which  afforded 
them  the  opportunity  of  attending  to  the 
practice  of  their  intended  profession,  with- 
out being  compelled  to  have  recourse  to 
any  other  institution  than  that  to  which 
they  belonged.  It  also  announced  the 
gratifying  fact,  that  the  number  of  medical 
students  had,  since  the  report  of  the  last 
year,  increased  from  350  to  390.  Among 
the  prizes  were  a  gold  medal  to  William 
Marsden,  of  Yorkshire,  and  a  silver  me- 
dal to  Matthew  Morehouse,  of  Hudders- 
field;  in  both  cases  for  proficiency  in 
Materia  Medica.  Thomas  Morton,  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tvne,  also  received  four 
prizes— the  two  gold  medals  respectively 
for  Surgery  and  Midwifery,  and  two  silver 
medals  for  Anatomy  and  Practical  Ana- 
tomy. 


ROXBURGHE  CLUB. 

A  meeting  of  the  members  of  tbe  Rox- 
burghe  Club  having  been  convened  on 
the  16th  May,  for  the  purpose  of  electing 
a  President,  in  tbe  place  of  the  late  Earl 
Spencer,  Lord  Viscount  CUve  was  pro- 
posed as  his  Lordship's  successor  by  the 
Duke  of  Sutherland,  seconded  by  the 
Earl  Cawdor,  and  was  unanimously  elect- 
ed to  fill  the  Chair. 

Tbe  anniversary  meeting  of  the  Club 
was  holden  on  tbe  17th  inst.  when  the 
following  members  were  present: — Lord 
Viscount  Clive,  President,  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland,  Earl  Cawdor,  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  G.  Neville  GrenvUle,  the  Hon. 
Buron  Bolland,  Sir  S.  R.  Glynne,  Bart., 
Sir  Francis  Freeling,  Bart.,  Wm.  Ben- 
tham,  esq.,  the  Rev.  Henry  Drury, 
M.A.,  Geo.  Hibbert,  esq.,  J.  A.  Lloyd, 
esq.,  J.  H.  Markland,  esq„  J.  D.  Phelps, 
esq.,  Tho.  Ponton,  esq.,  JS.  V.  Utterson, 
esq. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Buccleugb  and 
Queensberry,  K.G.  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Club. 

Tbe  President  presented  to  the  Club 
a  beautiful  volume  printed  in  black  letter, 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


Digitized  by  Google 


70  Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence.  [July* 


entitled,  "  The  Lyvys  of  Seyntys,  trans- 
lated  into  Englya  by  Osbern  Bokenam, 
Frer  Austvn  of  the  Convent  of  Stok- 
dare."  This  work  is  preceded  by  an 
interesting  Preface  by  the  donor,  and  is 
now  first  printed  from  a  velluin  MS. 
No.  327,  of  the  Arundel  Collection,  which 
was  completed  in  1447. 

i  *  ■ 

INSTITUTE  or  BRITISH  ABCHITECT8. 

A  new  society  has  been  formed  for  tho 
promotion  and  cultivation  of  Architecture, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  fostering  and  sti- 
mulating the  talents  of  individuals  in  its 
advancement.  Its  members  will  be  both 
professional  and  honorary.  The  pro- 
fessional members  are  divided  into  two 
classes,  Fellows  and  Associates,  the  for- 
mer being  such  architects  as  have  been 
engaged  as  principals  for  at  least  seven 
years,  paying  five  guinea*  for  admis- 
sion and  three  guineas  annually;  the 
latter,  persons  of  less  practice,  but  who 
have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and 
pay  three  guineas  for  the  first  year,  and 
two  guineas  for  every  subsequent  year. 
Honorary  Fellows  will  be  admitted  on 
the  payment  of  not  less  than  twenty-five 
guineas ;  and  Honorary  Members  may  be 
elected  for  their  scientific  acquirements, 
without  being  expected  to  contribute  to 
the  funds.  Of  the  last  class  have  been 
elected  Dr.  Faraday  and  Mr.  Britton. 
Earl  de  Grey,  the  President  (who  has 
presented  50/.),  and  Sir  T.  H.  Farquhar, 
the  Treasurer,  are  also  Honorary  Fellows. 
There  are  upwards  of  fifty  Fellows  and 
thirteen  Associates;  and  sixteen  foreigners 
are  Honorary  and  Corresponding  Mem- 
bers. The  Vice-Presidents  will  be  al- 
ways professional  gentlemen,  and  those 
now  chosen  are  P.  F.  Robinson,  esq., 
Joseph  Kay,  esq.,  and  J.  B.  Papworth, 
esq.;  the  Secretaries  are  Thos.  L.  Don- 
aldson, esq.  and  John  Goldicutt,  esq. ; 
and  these  form  the  Council,  together  with 
the  following  ordinary  members:  Cbas. 
Barry,  esq.,  George  Basevi,  jun.  esq., 
Edward  Blore,  esq.,  Decimus  Burton, 
esq.,  Charles  Fowler,  esq.,  Henry  E. 
Kendal,  esq  ,  and  Henry  Rhodes,  esq. 

The  first  meeting  took  place  at  the 
Society's  room  in  King-street,  Covent- 
Gardcn,  on  the  15th  of  June.  Earl  de 
Grey  took  the  chair,  and  was  supported 
by  the  Duke  of  Somerset,  Sir  M.  A. 
Shee,  Sir  Edmund  Cust,  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  &c.  Mr.  Donaldson,  the  Secretary, 
then  read  a  paper,  in  which  the  general 
views  and  hopes  of  the  founders  of  the 
Society  were  fully  explained ;  among  the 
more  important  facts,  it  was  stated,  that 
a  library  is  being  formed ;  that  specimens 
are  being  procured,  models  have  been 
presented,  and  that  all  things  are  in  pro- 


press  for  the  establishment  of  a  museum  ; 
that  a  paper  of  queries  containing  the  de- 
siderata in  every  branch  of  architecture, 
has  been  drawn  up,  and  after  revision 
by  the  members,  it  is  to  be  distributed 
throughout  the  world;  this  paper  is  to 
contain  questions  as  to  edifices,  in  regard 
to  their  individual  history,  destination, 
size,  distribution,  and  construction ;  pre- 
cise information  will  be  required  on  all 
sorts  of  materials ;  and  their  applications, 
failures,  and  remedies,  will  oner  a  wide 
field  of  experience ;  and  acoustics  and 
light  will  be  also  subjects  of  investiga- 
tion. The  literature  of  the  art,  antiqui- 
ties, biography,  and  education,  are  also 
included  as  proper  for  the  attention  of 
correspondents.  These  questions  will 
be  sent  to  foreign  countries,  translated 
into  the  various  languages  of  Europe, 
and  find  admission  into  the  leading  peri- 
odicals connected  with  science.  In 
the  meantime  the  Council  have  deter- 
mined to  offer  an  honorary  premium  for 
an  u  Essay  upon  the  natures  and  proper- 
ties of  the  mode  of  construction  techni- 
cally called  Concrete,  and  of  its  applica- 
tion in  Great  Britain  up  to  this  period,'* 
for  which  all  persons  are  invited  to  com- 
pete. The  list  of  benefactions  was  then 
read,  and  the  President  announced  a  do- 
nation of  750/.  in  the  name  of  Sir  John 
Soane,  and  bis  grandson  John  Soane, 
esq.  which  was  received  with  acclama- 
tions. 

MONUMENT  OF  8HAK8PEARE. 

The  members  of  the  Shakspearean 
Club  of  Stratford-upon-Avon  propose  to 
undertake,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
public  at  large,  the  restoration  of  the  bust 
and  monument  of  Shakspeare,  and  of  the 
interior  of  the  chancel  which  contains  it. 

The  chancel  of  the  collegiate  church 
of  Stratford  was  erected  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  by  Thomas  Balshall,  D.D.  War- 
den of  the  College.  Its  large  and  beauti- 
ful windows  were  originally  of  painted 
glass,  and  its  roof  was  of  carved  oak.  Of 
the  painted  glass  a  small  portion  only 
remains,  inserted  in  the  eastern  window; 
and  the  roof  of  the  chancel  has  been 
hidden  from  view  by  a  ceiling  of  plaster. 
The  architecture  is  much  obscured  by 
repeated  coatings  of  white-wash,  and  the 
floor  and  foundations  suffer  serious  injury 
from  damp. 

The  monument  erected  to  ShaksDeare 
by  his  family  a  few  years  after  his  death, 
representing  the  poet  with  a  cushion  be- 
fore him,  a  pen  in  his  right  hand,  and  his 
left  leaning  on  a  scroll,  was  originally 
coloured  to  resemble  life;  but  was  thickly 
covered  over  with  white  paint  in  the  year 
1793,  at  the  instigation  of  Mr.  Malone. 
The  pen  was  long  since  detached  by 
some  visiter,  and  a  recent  attempt  has  been 


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1S35.3 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


trade  to  abstract  one  of  the  fingers  of  the 
bu«t,  which  was  actually  broken  off,  but 
reentered  and  replaced.  The  removal  of 
the  coating  of  white  paint,  and  the  re- 
newal of  the  original  colours  of  the  mo- 
nument, are  supposed  to  be  practicable 
without  tbe  chance  of  injury  to  the  ori- 


Neax  the  grave  of  Shakspeare  lie  in- 
terred the  bodies  of  Anne  his  wife :  of 
Susannah  his  eldest  daughter,  and  her 
husband  Dr.  John  Hall;    of  Thomas 
Nashe,  esq.  tbe  husband  of  Elizabeth  the 
daughter  of  Dr.  John  Hall  and  Susannah 
his  wife  ( Elizabeth  having  afterwards 
married  Sir  J.  Barnard  of  Abington,  near 
Northampton,  and  being  there  buried.) 
The  inscriptions  on  some  of  the  grave- 
stones of  these  members  of  the  poet's 
family,  the  stones  being  on  the  floor  of 
tbe  chancel,  arc  partly  obliterated;  and 
an  epitapb,  commemorating  the  excellen- 
cies of  Sbakspeare's  favourite  daughter, 
wa<  either  worn  out  or  purposely  effaced 
in  1707,  and  another  inscription  engraved 
ou  the  same  stone,  for  a  person  uncon- 
nected with  tbe  family  of  Shakspeare. 

The  respect  due  to  the  memory  of 
Shakspeare,  tbe  loss  of  almost  every  per- 
sonal relic  of  him,  the  demolition  of  bis 
house,  the  destruction  of  his  traditionary 
mulberry  tree,  and  the  alteration  and  re- 
moval of  the  greater  part  of  his  father's 
residence,  concur  to  make  the  members 
of  tbe  Shakspearean  Club  most  anxious  to 
preserve  every  thing  connected  with  bis 
mortal  remains  from  further  disrespect. 

The  sentiments  of  the  numerous  visiters 
of  Sbakspeare's  tomb  have  been  so  re- 
peatedly expressed  on  these  subjects,  and 
are  so  warmly  seconded  by  the  feelings  of 
the  neighbouring  residents,  that  the  Shak- 
spearean Club  has  resolved  to  appeal  to 
the  educated  portion  of  the  community  of 
Great  Britain ;  to  eminent  literary  cha- 
racters in  all  countries;  and  to  the  ad- 
mirers of  genius  throughout  tbe  world; 
to  co-operate  with  them  in  the  sacred 
task  of  protecting  tbe  tomb  from  further 
neglect,  and  the  building  which  contains 
it  from  gradual  ruin. 

It  is  proposed  to  effect  these  objects 
by  voluntary  donations,  not  exceeding 
one  pound  each ;  the  sum  thus  raised  to 
be  laid  out  under  the  direction  of  the 
Committee,  and  with  the  advice  of  emi- 
nent artists.  In  case  of  a  sufficient 
amount  being  subscribed,  they  would 
gladly  extend  their  care  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  house  in  which  Sbakspeare's 
fether  resided,  in  Henley-street,  the  pre- 
sumed birth-place  of  Shakspeare ;  and  to 
the  bouse  still  remaining  at  Sbottery  near 
Stratford,  which  was  the  residence  of 


77 

Anne  Hathaway,  afterwards  the  wife  of 
Shakspeare ;  and  even  to  tbe  purchase  of 
the  site  of  New  Place,  the  bouse  in  which 
Shakspeare  passed  the  last  three  years  of 
his  life,  and  in  which  he  died;  a  spot 
which,  being  yet  un encroached  upon,  they 
are  most  desirous  of  guarding  from  new 
erections,  and  consecrating  to  the  memory 
of  him  whose  name  has  rendered  it  in 
their  estimation  hallowed  ground. 

Donations  will  be  received  by  Messrs. 
Smith,  Payne,  and  Co.  Bankers,  Lon- 
don ;  and  a  book  is  prepared  by  the  Com- 
mittee in  which  tbe  names  and  places  of 
abode  of  the  donors  will  be  carefully 
preserved. 

NEWLY  INVENTED  COMPOSITION  STONE. 

A  recent  invention  has  been  made  in 
New  York,  and  secured  by  patent,  which, 
if  all  accounts  are  true,  promises  to  give 
a  new  aspect  to  the  face  of  tbe  country. 
Mr.  Obadiah  Parker,  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  for  many  years  a  resident 
of  Onondaga  county,  in  New  York,  has, 
after  various  experiments,  discovered  a 
cement  which,  from  a  state  of  liquid  mor- 
tar, hardens  in  eight  or  ten  days  into  a 
solid  substance,  almost  as  impenetrable 
as  granite,  and  susceptible  of  as  beau- 
tiful a  polish  as  marble.  Any  colour 
may  be  given  to  it;  and  it  defies  the 
changes  of  the  atmosphere,  becoming 
more  dense  and  bard,  and  less  brittle,  the 
more  it  is  exposed  to  atmospheric  influ- 
ences. The  material  is  so  cheap  that 
entire  houses,  of  any  shape  or  dimensions, 
fortifications,  canals,  aqueducts,  &c, 
may  be  constructed  in  a  few  days.  It 
will  entirely  supersede  the  use  of  brick 
and  stone,  and  effect  a  complete  revolu- 
tion in  architecture. 

In  England  also  a  patent  has  been 
taken  out  by  Mr.  Ranger,  of  London, 
for  making  stone  from  a  composition  of 
lime,  gravel,  &c.  The  Pruttm  Pilot  says, 
that  the  system  is  now  in  full  operation 
at  Lytham,  in  Lancashire.  The  process 
of  making,  facing,  and  polishing  a  stone 
of  five  cwt.  (after  the  materials  are  pre- 
pared), does  not  necessarily  occupy  more 
than  twenty  minutes.  It  is,  however, 
soft  at  first,  and  requires  some  time  to 
hurden  before  it  can  be  safely  placed  in 
the  building, but  itgradually  hardens  with 
time,  until  it  is  in  a  complete  state  of 
petrifaction,  perhaps  much  harder  and 
more  durable  than  the  ordinary  quality  of 
quarry  stone.  This  sort  of  artificial  stone 
has  come  into  general  use  at  Brighton. 

BSLGRAVE  INSTITUTION. 

The  sessional  meetings  were  closed 
this  day,  June  30th,  when  Dr.  Birkbcck 
delivered  an  interesting  lecture  on  elasri- 


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Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[July, 


ticity,  with  particular  reference  to  the 
history  and  properties  of  caoutchouc. 
The  following  gentlemen  have  lectured 
during  the  season:  Professor  Vaughan, 
on  the  History  and  Literature  of  Ancient 
Rome,  a  course  of  four ;  Messrs.  R. 
Ad  dams,  on  Acoustics,  two;  W.  C. 
Taylor,  A.M.  on  Oriental  Literature, 
two;  W.  Higgins,  F.G.S.  on  Geology; 
E.  Atherstone,  on  the  study  of  Elocu- 
tion from  books;  R'.  Mudie,  author  of 
the  work  on  "  British  Birds,"  on  the 
Philosophy  of  Natural  History,  four ; 
Professor  Bernays,  Ph.  D.  on  General 
Grammar,  two;  Dr.  Hope,  F.R.S.  on 
the  Circulation  of  the  Blood,  two ;  J.  S. 
Buckingham,  esq.  M.P.  on  the  Advant- 
ages of  Travel;  the  Rev.  H.  Subbing, 
A.M.  F.  R.S.L.  on  the  Influence  of 
Italian  Literature  on  early  English  Li- 
terature; Thomas  Jackson,  esq.  B.A. 
on  the  Historians  of  Greece ;  Dr.  A.  T. 
Thompson,  on  Physical  Education. 

At  the  Conversazioni  the  following 
papers  have  been  read:  on  the  History 
of  the  Romans  in  Great  Britain,  by  the 
Rev.  G.  F.  W.  Mortimer,  A.M.;  on 
the  «*  Ornithorhyncus  Paradoxus"  by  G. 
Bennett,  esq.  F.L.S. ;  on  Oriental  Cus- 
toms, by  Dr.  Holt  Yates,  F.R.S.A.;  on 
Artificial  Light  and  Light. houses,  with 
experiments,  by  Mr.  H.  Wilkinson ;  on 
Instruments  for  drawing  Perspective,  by 
Mr.  Howlett ;  and  two  on  Vegetable 
Physiology,  with  experiments,  by  Mr. 
Day.  The  Library  has  lately  received 
considerable  additions,  and  now  contains 
about  2000  volumes. 

LITERARY  FUND  SOCIETY. 

June  1 7.  The  forty-sixth  anniversary  of 
this  Society  was  celebrated  at  the  Free- 
masons' Tavern.  The  President,  the 
Duke  of  Somerset,  was  in  the  Chair, 
supported  by  Lord  Teignmouth,  the  Ba- 
ron Ompteda,  M.  Van  de  Wcyer,  Asmi 
Bey;  of  our  own  men  of  science,  Sir 
John  Barrow,  Drs.  Roget,  Paris,  Su- 
therland, Lardner,  Mr.  Murcbison,  Mr. 
Amyot,  Sir  W.  Betbam,  Sir  Harris 
Nicolas,  Mr.  James,  Mr.  Lockhart,  &c. 
&c.  Dr  Croby,  as  one  of  the  registrars, 
enforced  the  merits  of  the  institution  in  a 
very  eloquent  address;  and  the  company 
were  gratified  by  excellent  speeches  from 
Lord  Teignmouth,  Mr.  Murchison,  Mr. 
Wilkie,  &c.  &c.  The  subscriptions 
amounted  to  upwards  of  S0OL  of  which 
5(1/.  was  a  donation  from  the  Duchess  of 
Kent,  who  had  recently  been  made  ac- 
quainted with  the  merits  of  the  Fund.  A 
gratifying  letter  from  Mr.  Sharon  Turner 
announced  that,  in  consequence  of  the 
renewal  of  his  own  pension  from  his 


Majesty,  he  was  enabled  to  raise  his  sub- 
scription  from  one  to  five  guineas  an- 
nually. 

NEW  HOUSES  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

The  Committee  recently  appointed  to 
take  into  consideration  the  rebuilding"  of 
the  two  Houses  of  Parliament  have  pub- 
lished their  Report;  having  arrived  at 
this  important  Resolution,  44  That  it  is 
expedient  that  the  designs  for  the  rebuild- 
ing of  the  Houses  of  Parliament  be  left 
open  to  general  competition." 

The  style  of  the  buildings  is  to  be 
**  either  Gothic  or  Elizabethan."  A  litho- 
graphic plan  is  to  be  made  of  Westmin- 
ster HaU  and  of  the  premises  adjoining, 
shewing  the  entire  area  of  the  new  build- 
ing, including  the  space  to  be  gained  by 
an  embankment  of  the  river.   All  De- 
signs are  to  be  executed  on  one  and 
the  same  scale,  vii.  of  20  feet  to  an  inch, 
to  be  delivered  in  to  the  Office  of  the 
Woods  and  Buildings  at  Whitehall,  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  November  next. 
A  premium  of  500/.  is  to  be  given  to 
each  of  the  parties  whose  Plans  shall 
be  recommended  by  five  Commissioners, 
to  be  appointed  by  his  Majesty,  and 
shall  be  considered  by  them  as  wor- 
thy of  the  reward,  but  the  successful 
competitor  shall  not  be  considered  as 
having  necessarily  a  claim  to  be  entrusted 
with  the  execution  of  the  work ;  but  if 
not  so  employed,  he  is  to  receive  an  ad- 
ditional reward  of  1,000/. 

It  is  determined  that  the  House  of 
Lords  should  be  capable  of  containing  300 
Peers  on  the  floor;  that  the  same  space 
be  allowed  below  the  bar  and  for  the  throne 
as  in  the  late  House ;  but  that  the  new 
House  shall  be  so  much  wider  as  to 
admit  one  bench  more  on  each  side.  That 
there  shall  be  a  lobby  of  40  feet  by  30, 
and  a  hall  outside  the  same.  Upwards  of 
eighty  apartments  are  also  considered 
necessary  for  the  various  offices,  &c. 
among  which  are,  one  46  feet  by  25  for 
conferences  with  the  Commons;  two  for 
private  interviews;  and  four  galleries,  one 
for  100  Members  of  the  Commons  and 
distinguished  individuals,  one  for  150 
strangers,  one  for  40  (ladies),  and  one  for 
24.  (reporters). 

With  respect  to  the  House  of  Commons 
it  is  proposed  that  sitting-room  be  pro- 
vided for  from  420  to  460  Members  in 
the  body  of  the  House,  and  adequate 
accommodation  for  the  remainder  in  the 
galleries,  not  exceeding  1,200  feet  of  sit- 
ting-room in  all;  that  two  Lobbies  be 
provided  immediately  adjoining  the  op- 
posite sides  or  ends  of  the  House ;  that 
there  should  be  an  outer  Lobby  for  stran- 


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1835.]                          Antiquarian  Researches.  79 

rm  desirous  of  speaking  to  the  Members  bers  of  the  other  House  of  Parliament* 
fin  their  entrance  to  the   House;  that  and  distinguished  strangers,  should  be  pro- 
there  be  one  or  more   Galleries  at  the  vided  within  the  walls  of  the  House  for  100 
lower  end  of  the  House  for  the  accommo-  persons  ;  that  there  be  thirty  Committee. 
(Uuon  of  200  strangers,  of  which  a  por*  rooms  provided ;  that  the  Library  he 
riooin  the  centre  to  contain  24  reporters ;  formed  of  three  rooms,  each  60  feet  long, 
ivh  of  which  Galleries  should  bare  a  and  wide  and  lofty  in  proportion ;  and 
separate  access,  and  a  Retiring-room  at  that  suitable  accommodations  be  provided 
do  great  distance*  for  the  strangers  re-  for  the  official  residence  of  the  Speaker, 
spectivtly  to  occupy  when  the  House  is  and  offices  for  the  chief  Clerk,  and  other 
cleared  ;  that  accommodation  for  mem-  persons  connected  with  the  House. 


ANTIQUARIAN 

SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQU  Ail  £8* 

May  28.    Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  Trea- 
surer, in  the  chair. 

Sydney   Smirke,  esq.  Ft  S.  A.  com- 
municated an  account,  accompanied  by 
drawings,  of  various  original  features  of 
the  architecture  of  Westminster  Hall, 
developed  during  the  repairs  now  pro- 
ceeding under  the  superintendence  of  his 
brother  Sir  Robert  Smirke.    It  has  been 
fully  ascertained  that  the  walls  of  the 
Hail  as  high  as  the  cornice  or  string 
course  within,  are  of  the  identical  fabric 
erected  by  William  Rufus.    Air.  Smirke 
parsed  an  unfavourable  opinion  on  the 
soundness  of  their,  structure,  the  cement 
not  being  so  strong  as  in  most  ancient 
works,  and  the  stones  consisting  of  rub- 
ble work,  of  various  kinds,  (sometimes 
very  fragile,)  specimens  of  which  were 
laid  upon  the  table.    On  the  remodelling 
of  the  Hall  by  Richard  II.  the  walls  were 
cased  with  Caen  stone,  and  the  massy 
external  buttresses  added,  which  have 
greatly  contributed  to  their  support,  and 
to  carry  off  the  weight  of  the  roof.  At 
the  same  time  the  upper  part  of  the  walls 
was  rebuilt,  and  perhaps  raised;  larger 
windows  were  inserted;  and  a  Norman 
colonnade,  or  triforium,  was  obliterated, 
which  appears  to  have  run  round  the  ori- 
ginal Hall,  in  the  manner  of  a  gallery, 
from  which  access  might  be  had  to  the 
windows,  tapestry  might  be  suspended, 
or  a  certain  number  of  spectators  might 
survey  the  throng  below.    This  remark- 
able feature  of  the  original  structure  has 
been  disclosed  in  several  parts,  and  we 
have  already  mentioned  an  engraving  of  a 
portion  of  it,  which  has  been  published  in 
the  first  number  of  Britton's  "  Palace  of 
Westminster."    Mr.  Smirke  exhibited 
some  of  the  original  Norman  capitals, 
which  have  been  found  built  into  the 
walls;  and  also  an  ancient  sheath  for  a 
knife  or  a  dagger,  made  of  leather  stamped 
with  a  small  pattern  of  lions  and  fleurs- 
de  lis.  In  a  postscript,  Mr.  Smirke  stated 
the  remarkable  fact,  that  it  has  been 
ascertained  that  the  walls  of  St.  Stephen  s 


Chapel,  when  complete,  were  raised  to 
a  still  greater  height  than  the  ruins  now 
show  them  —  having  the  addition  of  a 
clerestory. 

June  11.  H.  Hallam,  esq.  V.P. 
The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society:  Edward  Ord 
Warren,  esq.  of  Horkesley  Hall,  near 
Colchester,  F.G.S. ;  Francis  Merrier, 
esq.  of  Torrington-square ;  Jabez  Gib- 
son, esq.  of  WaJden  in  Essex ;  Benjamin 
Golding,  M.D.  of  St.  Marrin's-lane,  au- 
thor of  a  History  of  St.  Thomas's  Hos- 
pital; and  Simon  Macgillivray,  esq.  of 
Salisbury-street. 

John  Gage,  esq.  Director,  gave  an  ac- 
count of  the  important  discoveries  re- 
cently made  in  the  largest  barrow  of  the 
Bartlow  Hills,  on  the  confines  of  Essex 
and  Cambridgeshire.  It  will  be  recol- 
lected that  these  barrows  consist  of  two 
rows,  four  of  a  larger  size,  and  three  of 
a  smaller,  and  that  two  of  the  latter  were 
investigated  by  Mr.  Gage  in  1832,  and 
his  observations  printed  in  the  25th  vo- 
lume of  the  Arcnaeologia. 

About  two  months  ago  the  largest  bar. 
row  of  the  whole  was  very  scientifically 
opened  under  the  superintendence  of  the 
land-agent  employed  by  Lord  Mavnard. 
A  gallery,  or  passage,  level  with  the 
surrounding  surface,  was  cut  from  one 
side  of  the  mound,  and  directed  imme- 
diately towards  its  centre,  to  which  it 
arrived  after  proceeding  to  the  extent  of 
forty  feet;  and  the  deposit  was  imme- 
diately found,  in  the  spot  where  from  ex- 
perience it  was  expected.  The  articles  of 
value  had  been  placed  in  a  large  wooden 
chest,  and  the  sweepings  of  the  funeral 
pyre  collected  into  a  coarse  earthen  ves- 
sel, which  was  laid  by  its  side.    The  soil 
had  not  fallen  in  upon  the  chest,  although 
the  wood  was  almost  entirely  decayed; 
but  every  article  remained  undisturbed  in 
its  original  position.    They  are,  1.  a  large 
square  vessel  of  glass,  which  contained 
the  calcined  bones  of  the  deceased ;  2,  a 
bronze  prefericulum,  ornamented  with  a 
sphinx  on  its  handle ;  3.  a  patera,  of 


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80 


Antiquarian  Rescarcfct. 


[July, 


bronze,  having  a  handle  terminating  in  a       J.  Y.  Alcennan,  eaq.  F.8.A.  exhibited 

ram's  head ;  4.  a  small  vessel  of  bronze,  two  Roman  coins  lately  found  by  the 

very  beautifully  enamelled  in  a  pattern  of  workmen  employed  in  removing  tbe  foun- 

bluc,  red,  and  green,  with  a  moveable  ban-  dations  of  old  London  Bridge.  Larfre 

die;  it  is  supposed  to  be  a  censer,  or  conglomerated  masses  are  now  continual  ly 

vessel  for  perfumes;  &  a  large  bronze  brought  up  from  the  bed  of  the  river,  and 

lamp,  with  a  lid  or  cover  in  the  form  of  a  they  are  generally  found  to  contain  Ro- 

leaf;  the  wick  and  residuum  of  the  oil  man  coins.    A  Commodus  in  large  brass 

remained  within,  and  it  is  supposed  to  was  lately  discovered  in  one  of  these 

have  been  left  burning  in  the  sepulchre;  manses;  another  contained  a  gold  Valeris; 

6.  a  folding  chair  of  iron,  tipped  and  orna-  while  numbers  of  the  small  brass  of  the 

mented  with  bronze,  and  having  some  lower  empire  are  frequently  found  in  them, 

remains  of  the  leather  straps  by  which  the  Among  the  latter  were  the  two  exhibited 

seat  was  attached ;  7,  8.  two  glass  bottles,  to  the  Society :  one  of  Allectus,  the 

one  containing  a  liquid  which  Mr.  Fara-  assassin  of  Garausius,  the  other  of  Man  us, 

day  conjectures  may  have  been  a  mixture  a  tyrant  in  Gaul,  who  is  said  to  have  held 

of  wine  and  honey;  9,  and  10,  two  bronze  the  sovereignty  in  that  province  for  only 

strigils.    No  coins  were  found ;  nor  any  three  days. 

pottery,  except  the  coarse  vessel  already       A  communication  from  Sir  Francis 

mentioned.    The  whole  afforded  addi-  Palgrave  was  then  read,  being  a  letter  of 

tional  proof  that  the  Romans  had  sepul-  Martin  Tindal,  Fellow  of  King's  college, 

rhral  barrows  as  well  as  the  Celts ;  that  Cambridge,  to  Secretary  Cromwell. 


the  Bartlow  hills  are  Roman  sepulchres ; 
and  that  the  theory  which  has  attri- 
buted their  formation  to  the  Danes,  and 
thereby  supported  tbe  location  of  the  bat- 
tle of  Assandune  at  Ashdon,  and  that 
which  has  assigned  to  the  same  peo- 
ple the  erection  of  the  round  church 
towers  abounding  on  the  Eastern  coast, 
have  been  vain  and  visionary. 

June  19.  The  Society  re-assembled 
after  the  Whitsuntide  recess,  for  the  last 
time  this  season,  H.  Hallaro,  esq.  V.P. 
in  tbe  chair. 


John  Yates,  esq.  communicated  a 
paper  on  the  invention  of  Paper  made 
from  linen  rags ;  and  as  early  a  date  as 
1263,  in  Germany,  was  mentioned. 

A  further  portion  was  also  read  of  Mr . 
Repton's  collections  respecting  Female 
Head-dresses. 

The  Society  then  adjourned  to  the  9th 
of  November. 


A  Prospectus  is  in  circulation  for  the 
formation  of  an  Archaeological  am> 
Topographical  Institution.    The  im- 
The  following  gentlemen  were  elected    mediate  objects  are  to  investigate,  de- 
Fellows:   Robert  Pashley,  esq.  M.  A.    scribe,  and  illustrate  the  antiquities  of  the 
resident  Fellow  of  Trinity  college,  Cam-    various  counties  in  England,  Wales,  and 
bridge;  William  Wallen,  esq.  of  Spital    Scotland,  the  results  to  be  arranged  and 

classed  in  chronological  order,  under  the 


square,  architect;  and  William  Cotton, 
esq.  of  the  Priory,  Letherhead,  Surrey. 

Air.  Richard  Tongue  presented  two 
oil-paintings  by  himself,  one  representing 
tbe  Coeton  Arthur,  near  Newport  in 
Pembrokeshire,  and  the  other  the  Tolraen 
near  Constantine  in  Cornwall. 

Hudson  Gurney,  esq.  V.P.  exhibited 
a  dagger  found  at  Messrs.  Barclay  and 
Perkins'  brewhouse,  near  the  site  of  the 
Globe  Theatre. 

S.  C.  Northcote,  esq.  exhibited  an 
earthen  vessel,  of  coarse  manufacture,  and 
blackened  with  fire,  found  near  St. 
Olave's  church  in  Southwark. 

Samuel  Woodward,  esq.  exhibited  a  cop- 
per bulla,  lately  found  at  Castle  Acre  in 
Norfolk.  It  is  round,  about  two  inchesand 
a  half  in  diameter,  embossed  on  one  side 
with  the  figure  of  a  man  on  horseback,  in 
a  shirt  of  mail,  holding  in  his  right  hand 
a  bow  and  in  his  left  an  arrow ;  on  the 
other,  a  similar  figure,  holding  in  his 
right  hand  a  faulchion,  and  on  the  left  a 
concave  shield.  Mr.  Woodward  i  >rcsurncd 
it  to  be  Saxon;  but  many  who  saw  it 
thought  it  of  Oriental  work. 
10 


following  heads:  r.  Celtic,  or  British 
Antiquities ;  2  Roman  Roads,  Stations, 
Encampments,  and  other  Remains;  3. 
Saxon,  Danish, and  Norman  Antiquities; 
4.  Castles,  Monastic,  and  Ecclesiastical 
Buildings,  &c;  5.  Old  Mansions,  Crosses. 
Bridges,  &c.  Committees  are  to  be  formed 
in  the  metropolis,  and  others  in  the  coun- 
ties, to  undertake  and  direct  the  separate 
subjects  of  inquiry ;  and  it  is  proposed  to 
commence  with  the  county  of  Kent. 

Several  ancient  remains  have  been  dis- 
covered at  Jumieges  in  France,  not  far 
from  the  Forest  of  Brotonne.  They 
were  found  buried  nine  feet  below  tbe 
surface  of  the  earth  under  the  turf. 
Amongst  other  objects  were  the  follow- 
ing:— Two  hatchets,  supposed  to  be  Cel- 
tic, of  copper ;  the  point  of  the  blade  of 
a  sword,  of  bronze ;  a  bronze  vase  of  s> 
circular  form,  the  orifice  of  which  is  four 
inches  in  diameter;  and  a  leaden  plate 
ornamented  with  figures  of  dolphins  in 
relief.  All  these  curiosities  were  sent  to 
the  Museum  of  Antiquities  by  M. 
poucet. 


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1835.]  81 

t 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 
PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 

House  of  Lords.  directed  to  the  subject,  with  tbe  view  to 

.Vay2l.  Liord  Hrougfiam  rose  for  the  reduce  some  portion  of  those  burdens  to 

purpose  of  bringing  forward  a  resolution  which  the  land  is  subject  through  the 

on  the  subject  of  General  Education,  pressure  of  local  and  general  taxation." — 

Tbe  Noble  Lord  went  at  great  length  Tbe  Earl  of  Darlington  seconded  the 

into  a  review  of  the  existing  system  of  motion. — Lord  J.  Russell  disapproved  of 

education  in  this  country.    Referring  to  the  address  as  far  as  it  went,  in  calling 

the  Report  of  the  Education  Committee  for  specific  reductions  of  taxes.  Already 

in  1818,  he  said,  it  appeared  from  that  that  interest  hod  experienced  benefit;  and 

document,  that  there  were,  at  that  time,  it  would  derive  more  from  the  iroprove- 

schools  capable  of  educating  640,000  chii-  ment  of  the  poor  laws  and  the  commuta- 

dren:  viz.,  endowed  schools,  containing  tion  of. tithes.    He  moved,  as  an  amend- 

166,000,  and  schools  supported  by  volun-  ment,  "  That  the  House  directs  the  early 

tiry  contributions  for  478,000.    In  1818,  attention  of  the  Government  to  the  re- 

tbe  number  of  children  in  unendowed  day-  commendation  of  the  Committee  ap- 

teoools  was  50,000 ;  in  1828,  the  number  pointed  last  Session  on  tbe  payment  of 

had  increased  to  105,000;  and  the  whole  county  rates,  with  a  view  to  the  utmost 


r,  which  in  England  in  1818  was  practical  alleviation  of  the  burden  of  local 

178,000,  had,  in    1828,    increased    to  taxation." — A  long  debate  followed ;  and 

1,000,000 ;  and  ut  present,  in  thirty-three  on  a  division,  the  motion  of  the  Marquis 

counties  from   which  he  got  returns,  of  Chandos  was  lost  by  a  majority  of  211 

1, 144,000  children  were  receiving  educa-  against  150. 

tion.    The  great  increase  bad,  however,       May  26.  On  the  report  of  the  Great 

taken  place  in  tbe  endowed  schools.    He  Western    Railway  Bill,   Mr.  Miles 

thought  the  number  of  schools  should  be  moved  the  introduction  of  a  clause  to  pre 

increased,  and  the  system  of  instruction  vent  travelling  upon  it  on  the  Lord's  Day, 

extended,  and  that  education  ought  to  be  naming  a  penalty  of  20/.— .It  called  forth 

more  equally  distributed ;  for  whilst,  take  much  discussion,  and  it  was  eventually 

E?ipland  through,  the  average  was  as  high  as  divided  upon,  when  the  numbers  were, 

one  in  twelve,  take  the  populous  counties  of  ayes,  34>;  noes,  212. 
London  and  Lancashire,  the  average  did       June  1.  Mr.  Cayley  brought  forward 

not  exceed  one  in  thirteen,  or  one  in  four,  a  motion,  for  a  select   Committee  to 

teen.    Under  these  circumstances,  he  did  inquire  into  the  means  of  affording 

not  mean  to  say  that  the  Government  relief  to  the  agriculture  of  the  country, 

should  take  the  whole  expense  of  public  and  especially  to  consider  the  subject  of 

education  upon  itself,  but  he  was  of  a  silver,  or  conjoined  standard  of  silver 

opinion,  that  they  should  meet  it  half-  and  gold.    A  debate  ensued,  in  which 

'way,  and  be  hoped  a  grant  of  public  several  Members  took  part,  amongst 

money,  to  be  so  appropriated,  would  be  which  were  Mr.  C.  P.  Thomson*  Sir  JR. 
acreed  to.  After  some  further  details,  Peel,  and  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 
the  Noble  Lord  concluded  by  moving  a  The  motion  was  eventually  lost  upon  a 
string  of  resolutions  pro  forma,  embracing  division,  by  a  majority  of  216  to  126. 
all  the  points  of  his  speech,  and  prepare-  June  2.  Mr.  Grote  brought  forward  a 
tory  to  an  ulterior  measure  whicn  it  was  motion  for  the  adoption  of  the  Ballot 
his  intention  to  submit  to  their  Lordships,    in  Parliamentary  Elections.    In  a  speech 

  of  considerable  length,  he  contended  that 

House  or  Commons.  independent  voting  could  only  be  secured 

May  25.  Tbe  Marquis  of  Chandot,    by  the  Ballot— an  opinion  which  the  last 
after  depicting  tbe  sufferings  of  the  agri-    general  election,  and  still  more  recent 
cultural  interest,  in  a  speech  of  consider-    events  in  Devonshire  and  elsewhere,  had 
ible  length,  brought  forward  a  motion  for    strengthened.— Sir   W.  Moksvorth  se- 
their  relief,  to  tbe  following  effect: —    conded  the  motion,  and  enumerated  the 
"  That  a  bumble  Address  be  presented  to    different  places  at  which  the  Whigs  were 
bis  Majesty  expressive  of  the  deep  regret    beaten  for  want  of  tbe  Ballot,  as  he  con- 
which  the  House  feel  at  tbe  continuation    tended. — Mr.  Gishorne  opposed  the  rao- 
of  the  distress  experienced  by  the  agricul-    tion,  and  moved  the  previous  question 
furaJ  interest,  and  to  express  the  anxious    upon  it. — A  long  discussion  followed,  in 
desire  of  tbe  House  that  the  attention  of    which  Dr.  Bowringy  Lords  Houiik  and 
his  Majesty's   Government  should  be    Stanley,  Lord  J.  Russell,  and  Sir  R.  Pert, 
Gmst,  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  M 


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1835.3 


Proceeding*  in  Parliament.— Foreign  News. 


S3 


yetation,  their  Lordships  divided,  when 
the  clause  was  negatived  by  a  majority  of 
40  to  19,  and  the  Bill  was  read  a  third 
time. 

June  13.  The  Earl  of  Kosiyn,  after  a 
few  prefatory  observations,  moved  and 
carried  an  Address  to  His  Majesty,  pray- 
ing M  that  be  would  be  graciously  pleased 
to  appoint  five  Commissioners  to  examine 
and  report  to  the  two  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment upon  the  different  plans  proffered  by 
the  competitors  for  the  erection  of  the 
new  Houses,  see  p.  78. 

House  of  Commons. 
June  15.  Lord  J.  Ru$$eil  having  moved 
the  second  reading  of  the  Municipal  Re- 
form Bill,  Lord  Stanley  observed,  that 
vbile  he  highly  approved  of  the  measure, 
as  a  whole,  he  was  apprehensive,  unless 
care  was  taken,  that  a  mode  of  close 
voting  would  be  introduced.  He  thought 
the  Town  Councils  ought  to  be  elected 
for  six  instead  of  three  years,  thus  avoid, 
ing  the  excitement  of  incessant  contests, 
while  the  people  would  still  have  an  am- 
ple control  over  those  bodies. — Sir  R.  Peel 
willingly  assented  to  the  second  reading. 
He  approved  of  the  qualification  of  the 
constituent  body,  but  thought  the  govern, 
ing  one  ought  certainly  to  possess  some 
property  qualification.  He  was  favour, 
able  to  the  proposition  of  electing  the 
Councils  for  six  years,  as  calculated  to 
avoid  the  frequent  recurrence  of  conflicts 
which  would  probably  disturb  the  har- 
mony of  society. — The  Bill  was  then 
read  a  second  time,  without  a  division, 
and  was  ordered  to  be  committed  for 
Monday,  June  22,  to  be  discussed  from 
day  to  day. 

Lord  O.  Somerset  then  moved  and  car- 
ried an  Address  to  the  Crown,  praying 


His  Majesty  to  carry  into  effect  the  re- 
solutions of  the  Committee  on  rebuilding 
the  Houses  of  Parliament. 

June  19.  Mr.  Hume  brought  in  a  Bill 
for  regulating  the  expenses  attendant  upon 
elections  in  England  and  Wales,  which 
was  rend  a  first  time,  and  ordered  to  be 
read  a  second  time  on  the  26th  inst. 

June  22,  23.  The  various  clauses  of 
the  Municipal  Reform  Bill  were  dis- 
cussed in  Committee ;  and  after  some  in- 
effectual attempts  at  opposition,  the  mi- 
nisterial propositions  were  carried  without 
amendment.  On  the  ninth  clause  being 
brought  forward,  which  was  considered  of 
great  importance,  as  tending  to  disfran- 
chise all  the  freemen  of  Corporations,  an 
amendment  was  proposed  by  Sir  W.  FbUet, 
to  protect  the  rights  of  freemen,  whether 
acquired  by  birth  or  servitude,  and  a  warm 
debate  arose  upon  the  question.  It  was 
urged,  upon  one  hand,  that  the  scot  and 
lot  voters  were  as  corrupt  as  the  freemen, 
and  that  the  rights  of  the  latter  ought  not 
to  be  attacked  by  a  side-wind,  after  having 
been  recognised  by  the  Reform  Act, 
which  expressly  reserved  them.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  was  maintained  that  the 
rights  alluded  to  were  usurpations;  that 
the  effect  of  the  amendment  would  be  to 
make  freemen  perpetual ;  and  that,  as  a 
new  system  was  now  about  to  be  odopted, 
there  was  an  absurdity  in  having  two  sets 
of  burgesses  counteracting  each  other,  and 
perplexing  the  operation  of  the  plan. 
The  debate,  which  was  exceedingly  ani- 
mated, called  up  almost  every  speaker  of 
note  in  the  House,  and  concluded  by  a 
division,  the  majority  being  in  favour  of 
the  original  clause.  The  numbers  were 
278  and  232,  leaving  a  majority  of  46  in 
favour  of  Ministers. 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

The  cause  of  the  Queen  of  Spain,  in 
the  northern  provinces,  has  been  on  the 
decline.  The  troops  of  Don  Carlos  have 
have  every  where  prevailed,  and  the  whole 
of  the  Basque  provinces  may  be  said  to 
be  in  their  possession.  General  Valdez, 
with  his  army,  has  taken  up  his  position 
on  the  banks  of  the  Ebro,  without  at- 
tempting  any  decisive  operation ;  his 
troops,  it  is  said,  being  in  a  general  state 
of  disorganization. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  strongholds 
of  the  Queenites  in  the  northern  provinces 
have  been  evacuated  ;  Oraa  and  Espar- 
tero  have  been  completely  defeated,  and 
tbeir  colours  destroyed;  El  Pastor  has 
been  compelled  to  steal  off,  in  the  dead  of 


the  night  to  Saint  Sebastian,  in  such 
haste,  as  to  leave  in  Tolosa  an  immense 
quantity  of  ammunition,  guns,  cannons, 
&c  Villa  Franca  capitulated  to  the  Carl- 
ists  on  the  3rd  of  June,  after  having  been 
well  defended ;  and  Tolosa  was  evacuated 
on  the  dlb ;  Bilboa  also,  having  been  bom- 
barded for  several  days  by  the  Carlists, 
w  as  expected  to  capitulate. 

Owing  to  the  unfavourable  position  of 
affairs,  it  has  at  length  been  decided  on 
by  the  Queen. Regent's  Government  to 
apply  to  England,  France,  and  Portugal, 
for  that  active  assistance  which  by  the 
articles  of  the  Quadruple  Treaty  it  was 
contended  those  powers  were  bound  to 
furnish ;  consequently  a  protracted  nego- 
ciation  was  entered  into  on  the  part  of 


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1835.1 

and  the  preparations  for  conducting  the 
river  into  its  new  bed  will  be  shortly  ter- 

BGYPT. 

According  to  the  latest  accounts  the 
plague  baa  been  committing  dreadful  ra- 
vage*, in  both  Lower  and  Upper  Egypt, 
setting  every  precaution  at  defiance.  At 
Foua,  a  town  of  25,000  or  30,000  inhabit- 
ants, 19,000  bad  already  been  attacked, 
and  of  these,  barely  500  escaped.  Alex- 
andria is  almost  a  desert,  having  lost,  by 
death  and  emigration,  two-thirds  of  its 
population. 

CAPE  DE  VERDE  ISLANDS. 

Letters  from  Cape  de  Verde  inform  us 
that  the  garrison  had  risen  at  St.  Jago 
against  their  officers,  and  proclaimed  Don 
Miguel.  After  many  excesses,  the  popula- 
tion of  the  town  and  its  neighbourhood  was 
roused  to  oppose  them,  and  the?  finally 
succeeded  in  expelling  them.  The  muti- 
nous garrison  took  possession  ot  some 
Sardinian  vessels,  and  sailed  away,  it  was 
supposed  for  Italy,  to  tender  their  services 
to  Don  Miguel.  Nothing  is  further  known 
about  them,  and  the  island  was  perfectly 
^jiiict  wh^rx        IttS t  £1^1  \  ices  left* 


AMERICA. 

A  rail -road  is  about  to  be  formed  be- 
tween New  York  and  Lake  Erie,  of  the 
almost  incredible  length  of  four  hundred 
and  eighty-three  miles,  and  at  the  cost  of 
five  million  six  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
thousand  five  hundred  dollars !  Shares 
to  the  amount  of  upwards  of  one  million 
eight  hundred  thousand  dollars  have  al- 
ready been  taken  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
and  the  rail-road  is  expected  to  be  finished 
in  about  three  years.  A  canal,  1 15  miles 
in  length,  is  about  to  be  constructed  be- 
tween Michigan  and  the  Illinois  River, 
at  the  cost  of  three  million  dollars. 

Accounts  from  Buenos  Ayres  state, 
that  the  late  governor,  Quiroga,  and  his 
suite  of  ten  persons,  returning  from  a  mis- 
sion of  mediation  between  two  discordant 
provinces  (Tucuman  and  Salta),  were  at- 
tacked in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cordova 
by  a  band  of  assasins,  who  lay  in  wait  for 
them,  and  murdered  them  in  cold  blood; 
only  one  person  attached  to  the  embassy 
escaped.  This  individual  was  a  courier, 
who  at  the  moment  of  attack  was  seve- 
ral yards  in  advance  of  the  travelling  car- 
riage which  contained  the  ill-fated  suffer, 
ers,  and  instantly  putting  spurs  to  his 
horse,  saved  his  life. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


INTELLIGENCE  FROM  VARIOU8  PARTS 
OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

There  is  some  probability  that  the 
hitherto-unexplored  mineral  treasures  of 
Dartmoor  will  be  brought  to  light;  some 
of  the  ancient  workings  (the  supposed 
stream -works  of  the  period  of  the  Phoe- 
nician* and  Carthaginians)  have  been 
opened,  and  great  quantities  of  tin  have 
been  found.  The  Chudleigh  United  Com- 
pany have,  according  to  report,  not  only 
the  most  extensive  set,  but  they  have  also 
some  of  the  richest  lodes.  A  short  time 
since,  a  wheelbarrow  and  some  miners' 
tools  were  found,  that  bad  been  buried  36 
years  since,  which  were  in  a  perfect  state 
of  preservation ;  some  men  bad  just  then 
got  to  the  lode,  when  the  water  broke  in 
upon  them,  and,  having  found,  they  were 
obi  iced  to  give  up.  The  present  com- 
pany are  working  with  spirit. 

May  1 6.  The  external  repairs  of  Great 
Malvern  Church  have  commenced,  the  first 
stone  having  been  laid  this  day  at  the  north- 
west angle  of  the  nave,  by  Thomas  Wood- 
vat,  Esq.,  of  Holly  Mount.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Phillips,  of  Gloucester,  and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Kinsey,  of  Cheltenham,  have  set  on 
foot  a  subscription  for  the  preservation  of 
this  noble  structure. 

Jane  2.  A  meeting  of  the  St.  Asaph 


Diocesan  Society  for  Promoting  the 
Building  and  Enlargement  of  Churches, 
held  at  Mold,  the  Bishop  of  St. 
Asaph  in  the  chair.  The  following  grants 
were  made  in  aid  of  building  a  cfaanel  at 
Pont  Blenddyn,  in  the  parish  of  Mold, 
200/.;  ditto,  Oswestry,  250/. ;  ditto,  Rhyl, 
200/. ;  ditto,  Ruabon,  300./;  ditto,  Llan- 
gadfan,  150/.;  and  of  enlarging  the  church 
at  Ysceifiog,  100/. 

June  10.  A  dreadful  storm  visited  Ztar- 
ham ;  during  which,  the  western  tower 
of  the  cathedral  was  struck  with  light- 
ning, hurling  down  an  immense  mass  of 
stone,  which,  alighting  upon  the  pavement 
beneath,  was  dashed  into  innumerable 
portions.  At  this  moment,  a  party  of 
students  belonging  to  the  University,  who 
had  been  inspecting  a  monument  lately 
erected  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Carr,  late  master  of  the  grammar-school, 
alarmed  by  the  crash,  rushed  from  the 
cathedral,  and,  lamentable  to  relate,  two 
of  them  were  instantly  annihilated  by  the 
falling  fabric.  Another  had  his  right 
foot  dreadfully  mutilated,  and  a  fourth 
was  most  severely  bruised  by  several  frag- 
ments of  the  stone,  which,  rebounding, 
struck  him  on  the  abdomen.  The  names 
of  the  unfortunate  youths  who  perished 
are  Hagle  and  Brown. 


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Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Joly, 


June  11.  Five  men  were  killed  and  16 
bruised,  many  of  tbem  severely,  at  AY:r- 
castlc,  by  the  fall  of  some  new  buildings. 

June  13.  The  foundation  stone  of  the 
public  cemetery  at  Exeter,  was  laid  by  the 
Kev.  Chancellor  Martin,  in  the  presence 
of  several  other  of  the  dignitaries  of  the 
Church,  and  a  large  concourse  of  specta* 
tors.  The  Rev.  Chancellor  closed  au  elo- 
quent address  on  the  occasion,  by  ex. 
pressing  bis  gratification  that  all  sects  of 
professing  Christians  would  now  have  a 
burying-place  in  common ;  and  he  assured 
his  dissenting  brethren,  however  they 
might  differ  on  points  of  doctrine,  or  forms 
of  Church  government — and  on  some 
points  they  must  be  content  to  differ — be 
most  fervently  hoped  they  would  all  at  last 
meet  where  no  differences  could  arise. 

The  foundation  stone  of  a  column  to 
commemorate  the  indefatigable  exertions 
of  the  brothers,  Richard  and  John  Lan- 
der, and  to  record  the  untimely  fate  of 
the  former,  who  was  murdered  by  the 
natives  in  his  recent  expedition  to  the 
Quorra,  was  laid  at  Truro  with  masonic 
honours.  All  the  respectability  and  wealth 
of  Truro  and  the  neighbouring  towns 
were  present. 

The  Court  of  Exchequer  has  decided 
that  the  corporation  of  Truro  have  a  right 
to  a  toll  of  4d,  per  chaldron  for  metage  of 
all  coals  coming  into  that  port. 

June  13.  At  Wolverhampton,  an  inves- 
tigation of  some  length,  connected  with 
disturbances  arising  out  of  the  election  of 
Sir  F.  H.  Goodricke  for  South  Stafford- 
shire, was  brought  to  a  final  close.  It 
appears  that  the  military  had  been  called 
out  to  quell  the  riot,  and  some  wounds 
were  inflicted.  Owing  to  the  public  ex- 
citation caused  by  the  affair,  Government 
thought  proper  to  send  down  Sir  F.  Roe, 
of  Row  Street  police  office,  to  investigate 
the  affair.  In  the  course  of  the  inquiry 
one  hundred  and  fifty-two  witnesses  were 
examined.  From  the  evidence  of  the 
soldiers  it  appeared,  that  by  Captain 
Manning's  orders,  they,  in  the  first  in- 
instance,  only  used  the  flats  of  their 
swords  to  disperse  the  mob;  but  this 
seems  only  to  have  encouraged  violence, 
and  almost  every  one  of  the  troop  (the 
Captain  included),  were  struck  with 
stones.  The  men  examined  exhibited 
their  helmets,  all  of  whieh  bore  marks  of 
blows  from  stones;  and  the  soldier  whose 
horse  was  killed  by  being  stabbed  with 
some  sharp  instrument,  was  severely  hurt 
by  a  stone  while  standing  near  his  dead 
horse.  Before  Sir  F.  Roe  left  Wolver- 
hampton, au  expression  of  thanks  was 
tendered  by  several  respectable  inhabit- 
ants to  him,  for  the  impartiality  with 
which  be  had  conducted  the  inquiry. 
Two  subscriptions  have  been  commenced 


in  the  town — one  in  order  to  present  to 
Captain  Manning  and  Lieutenant  Bran- 
der  some  testimonial  of  approbation  of 
their  conduct ;  and  another  on  behalf  of 
Marriott,  a  boy  who  lost  his  leg  in  conse- 
quence of  a  shot  passing  through  bis 
knee. 

The  total  emigration  from  the  United 
Kingdom  amounted,  in  1833,  to  62,527 
persons;  and  in  1834,  to  76,222. 

LONDON  AND  IT8  VICINITY. 

The  London  and  Greenwich  Railway. — 
This  work  is  rapidly  approaching  com. 
pletion ;  nearly  500  arches  are  built,  ex- 
clusive of  those  at  the  London  Bridge 
end,  and  it  is  expected  that  an  engine  will 
commence  running  from  the  Spa- Road  to 
High  Street,  Deptford,  before  the  month 
of  September.  The  whole  line  will,  in  all 
probability,  be  completed  before  Christ- 
mas. A  few  days  since,  one  of  the  com- 
pany's engines  performed  several  experi- 
mental trips,  for  the  purpose  of  testing  the 
solidity  of  the  works,  when  several  noble- 
men and  scientific  individuals  attended. 
A  tumbler  of  water,  filled  to  the  brim, 
was  placed  near  the  rail,  and  the  engine, 
with  coals,  water,  and  passengers  —  a 
weight  of  at  least  14  tons — passed  along  ; 
not  a  drop  of  water  was  spilt,  and  the  vi- 
bration was  scarcely  perceptible.  Those 
who  stood  underneath  the  arches  were  as- 
tonished to  find  that  the  noise  was  not  so 
great  as  that  which  would  have  been 
occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a  hackney- 
coach.  This  viaduct,  wnen  completed, 
will  exceed,  by  three  quarters  of  a  mile, 
the  celebrated  bridge  of  Trajan  across 
the  Danube,  and  is  certainly  the  most  ex- 
traordinary work  of  the  kind  in  our  age. 

May  16.  Mr.  Jerrold,  author  of  4  Kent 
Day,' and  other  successful  pieces,  brought 
an  aetion  in  Court  of  Common  Plea*,  agai  ns  t 
Messrs.  Morris  and  Winston,  proprietors 
of  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  to  recover 
compensation  for  a  three-act  piece  intitled 
4  Beau  Nash,  or  the  King  of  Bath,'  per- 
formed 13  nights  in  succession  last  season, 
in  their  Theatre ;  they  had  given  him  50V. 
which  they  deemed  fair  remuneration — 
he  thought  not,  and  the  jury  being  of  the 
same  opinion,  returned  a  verdict  for  the 
plaintiff,  damages  100/.  in  addition  to  the 
50/.  already  paid. 

June  1 9.  The  triennial  ceremony  called 
the  Monttm,  was  celebrated  by  the  Eton 
scholars.  Their  Majesties  attended,  ac- 
companied by  the  Duchess  of  Kent  and 
the  Princess  Victoria,  the  Duke  of  Cum- 
berland, the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  Prince  George— The  name 
of  the  "  Captain*'  this  year  is  Money, 
and  tbe  subscriptions  are  stated  to  amount 
to  upwards  of  1,000/. 


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1835.1 


87 


Df<.  is,  \*m. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 

Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 


the  Hon. 


Knighted,  Capt 

Hrrry  Duncan,  R.N..T!.B.  and  K.C.H. 

M>t9  6.  The  Hon.  Geo.  Stevens  Byng,  Comp- 
troller of  his  Majesty's  Household. 

3lrty  ».  The  Ri^ht  Hon.  Marquis  Conyng- 
bam  and  Right  Hon.  Viscount  Morpeth  to  he 
of  the  Privy  Council.— Knighted,  Rear-Adm. 
Jobn  Acworth  Ommanney,  C.B.— Graham 
speirs,  esq.  to  be  Sheriff  Depute  of  the  Shires 
of  Elgin  and  Nairn. 

.  W«jr  22.  Earl  of  Lichfield  to  be  his  Ma- 
jesty's Postmaster  General. — it h  Light  Dra- 
rpoos,  Brevet  Major  Edward  Byrne  to  be 
Major— llth  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  J.  Jen- 
kins to  be  Major.— 74th  Foot,  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 
R  Riall,  K.C.H.  to  he  Col.— Rifle  Brigade, 
Cant.  J.  N.  Gossett  to  be  Major. 

Ma?  27.  Right  Hon.  Sir  ft.  Hnssey  Vivian, 
Bati.  and  the  Right  Hon.  Geo.  S.  Byng,  to  be 
of  his  Majesty's  Privy  Council. 

May  28.  Royal  ArtUlery,  Major-Gen.  Sir  J. 
Marlran,  K.C.H.  to  be  Colonel  Coramaudant. 

Mag  29.  2d  Foot,  Capt.  R.  W.  Brough,  to 
1*  Major.— 11th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  G.  L.  Goldie 
to  be  Ueut.-Col.— 35th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  J. 
Keightley  to  he  Ueut.-Col.— 90th  Foot,  Major 
G.  G.  Nichols  to  be  Maior. 

May  30.  ('liar lets  Ellice,  esq.  to  he  Page  of 
Honour  to  his  Majesty  in  Ordinary. 

June  5.  1st  Dragoons,  Major  1 .  Marten  to 
be  Ueut.-CoL— 1st  Gren.  Guards,  Lieut,  and 
Capt.  Sir  J.  M.  Burgoyne,  Bart,  to  be  Capt. 
ind  Lieut. -Col.— 19th  Foot,  Major  T.  Raper 
to  be  Ueut.-Col.— Royal  London  Militia,  Win. 
Thompson,  esq.  M.P.  and  Alderman,  to  be 
Lieut.-Col. — North  Devon  Yeomanry  Cavalry, 
the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Clinton  to  be  Lieut.-Col. 
—1st  Devon  Yeomanry  Cav.  B.  Fuiford,  esq.  to 
be  Major. 

Jnne  8.  Isaac  AJex.  Hog,  of  Higham-lodge, 
Suffolk,  esq.  to  be  Gentleman  at  Arras. 

Archibald  Earl  of  Gosford.  created  a  Peer  of 
the  United  Kingdom  by  the  title  of  Baron  Wor- 
lingham,  of  Beccles,  Suffolk. 

Jumt  y.  Earl  of  Gosford  to  be  Governor  in 
Chief  of  the  provinces  of  Lower  and  Upper 
Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the 
Island  of  Prince  Edward. 

Jmme  10.  Knighted,  Dr.  Whitelaw  Ainslie, 
late  of  the  Medical  Staff  of  Southern  India. 

June  12.  3d  Foot,  Capt.  Hen.  Fred.  Lockyor 
to  be  Major. 

Jume  15.  Beni.  Cruttall  Pierce,  of  St.  He- 
len Vplace,  London,  M.D.  to  take  the  surname, 
and  bear  the  arms  of  Seaman  quarterly  with 
t»o*e  of  Pierce. 

June  19.  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Gosford, 
Sir  Charles  Edward  Grey,  Knight,  and  George 
Gipps,  esq.  to  be  his  Majesty's  Commissioners 
for  the  investigation  of  all  grievances  affecting 
bis  Majesty's  subjects  in  Lower  Canada  ;  and 
Tbo.  Fred.  EUiot,  esq.  to  be  Secretary  to  the 


l*t  Foot,  Capt.  Chas.  Deane  to  be  Major.— 
9th  Foot,  Lieut-Col.  Jobn  M'Caskill,  to  be 
Uent.-CoL— 98th  Foot,  T 
bell  be  to  Ueut.-Col . 


Member  $  relumed  to 


tn  Parliament- 


A. Vigors,  Esq.  A 

tPDwyer, 


».— N  . 
IhookedA.  -  Andrew  Carew 
7p««ra.-Rigby  Wason,  Esq.  and  J; 


Raphael, Esq. 


KUdare  Co.— R.  M.  O'Ferrall,  esq. 

Kington  ujnm.Uull.—T.  P.  Thompson,  Esq. 

Tirer1on.-~Lonl  Vise.  Palmenrton. 


Rev.  W.  Powell,  to  a  Preb.  in  Llandaff  Cath. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Tyler,  to  a  Freb.  in  Llandaff  Cath. 
Rev.  —  Smith,  to  be  Canon  in  Worcester  Cath. 
Rev.  T.  Allbutt,  Dewsbury  V.  co.  York. 
Rev.  J.  Barnes,  Bassenthwaite  R  Cumb. 
Rev.  D.  Bey  non,Tredington  R.  co.  Worcester. 
Rev.  W.  Braithwaite,  Holland  Fenn  Chapel, 

co.  Lincoln. 
Rev.  R.  S.  Bree,  Tintagell  V.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  B.  S.  Broughton,  Elmley  Lovett  R.  co. 

Worcester. 

Rev.  J.  Daniel,  Elmore  P.  C.  co.  Gloucester. 
Rev.  M.  D.  I  > ii (field,  Bere  and  Layer  de  La 

Hay,  P.  C.  Essex. 
Rev.  J.  Dodson,  Cockerham  V.  co.  Lancaster. 
Rev.  W.  C.  Fenton.MatterscaBawtry  V.Notts. 
Kev.  J.  Garbett,  Clay  ton  R.  Sussex. 
Rev .  G.  L.  Hamilton,  Carew  V.  co.  Pembroke. 
Rev.  J.  Hardy  ,  Lea  P.  C.  co.  Gloucester. 
Rev.  C.  Hesketh,  North  Meols  R  co.  Lane. 
Rev.  W.  Jones,   Uanlihaugel  Generglyn  V. 

Cardiganshire. 
Rev.  T.  G.  Joyce,  Kilmastulla  C.  Killaloe. 
Rev.  W.  Leech,  Hierborne  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Marshall,  Brigsley  P.  C.  Lincoln. 
Rev.  C.  Nevill,  East  Grinstead  V.  Sussex. 
Rev.  J.  Ridding,  Andover  V.  Hants. 
Rev.  J.  Shadwell,  All  Saints  R.  Southampton. 
Rev.  J.  Shooter,  Attenhorough,  V.  co.  Notts. 
Rev,  A.  Short,  Ravensthorpe  V.  co.  Northamp. 
Rev.  A.  C.  Wallace,  Great  Coggeshall  V.  Essex. 
Rev.  K.  W.  West,  Melborne  V.  Somerset. 
Rev.  M.  West,  Haydon,  V.  co.  Dorset. 
Rev.  C.  Wildbore,  Clee  V.  co.  Uncoln. 

Chaplains. 

Rev.  H.  Berry-,  Chap,  to  Earl  Spencer. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Charlton,  to  the  Duke  of  Dorset. 
Rev.  J.  U  Popham,  to  the  Marq.  of  Abercorn. 
Rev.  G.  L.  Wascy  ,  to  Lord  Bricqiort. 


BIRTHS. 

May  16.   At  Exminster,  the  wife  of  Capt. 

Peard,  R.N.  a  dau.  17.  At  Hadley,  the  wife 

of  the  Rev.  H.  Harvey,  Preb.  of  Bristol,  a  son. 

 At  Maidenhead,  Lady  Phillimore,  a  dau. 

 22.  At  Bishopthorpe,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 

Wm.  Vernon  Harcourt,  a  dau.  At  the  Ge- 

neral  Post  Office,  Mrs.  Freeling,  a  dau.  28. 

At  her  father  s,  T.  F.  Buxton,  esq.  M.P.  the 
wife  of  Andrew  Johnston,  esq.  jun.  of  Renny- 

hill,  M.P.  a  son.  23.  In  Baker-street,  the 

wife  of  Capt.  Rivett  Carnac,  R.N.  a  dau.  

25.  At  Clifton  Hamden,  near  Abingdon,  the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  Hugh  Poison,  a  dau.  At 

Uplowman,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Sydenham 

Pidsley,  a  dau.  27.  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 

Dr.  Dean  of  Windsor,  a  dau. 

June  4.  At  Ramsgate,  the  wife  of  Ueut.- 
Col.  Gummer,  Madras  Armv,  a  dau.  The 

wife  of  Edw.  Rudge,  esq.  of*  Ewelme,  Oxf.  a 

son.  5.  At  Merton  Cottage,  Cambritlge,  the 

wife  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Keppel,  a  son.  6. 
In  Gloucester-pl.  Uidy  Frances  Calder,  a  dau. 

 7.  In  Charter-honse-square,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  W.  Goode,  Rector  of  St.  Antholin,  a  dau. 

 8.  At  her  father's,  inYork-st.  Portman-sq. 

thewifeof  Major Tronson,  13th Light  Inf.  ason. 

9.  At  Milford  Lodge,  near  Lymington, 
Hants,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  H.  T.  Roberts, 

C.B.  a  dau.  10.  At  Tidmington,  the  wife  of 

Dr.  Staunton,  a  dau.  11.  In  Lower  Brook-st. 

the  wife  of  W.  Levcson  Gower,  esq.  of  Titsey- 
place,  a  dau.  12.  At  Downes,  the  wife  of  J. 


W  entworth  Bnller,  esq.  a  son  and  heir.- 
15.  At  the  Mansion  House,  York,  the  Lady 
Mayoress,  a  dau. 


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88 


Births  and  Marriages. 


[July, 


MARRIAGES. 


May  7.  At  Ipplepen,  Capt.  Geo.  Wm.  Bul- 
ler,  to  Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  Geo.  Drake, 

esq.  9.  At  Knurhtwick,  Worcestershire,  the 

Rev.  Wm.  Jones  iJkinner,  Rector  of  Whitfield, 
Northamptonshire,  to  Eleanor,  only  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir.  W.  Jones,  of  Little  Tarrington, 

Herefordshire.  10.  At  Whitchurch,  the  Rev. 

Dr.  W.  Birkett  Allen,  Rector  of  Winterboume, 
Gloucestershire,  to  Anne  Martha,  dau.  of  the 

late  J.  Hill,  esq.  of  Kingsclere.  11.  At 

Hayes,  Kent,  the  Rev.  W.  Drummond,  of 
Down,  to  Lydia,  eldest  dau.  of  S.  W.  Ward, 

esq.  of  Baston,  Kent.  At  Rome,  in  the 

apartments  of  Cardinal  Weld,  Don  Marc  An- 
tonio Bortfhese,  Prince  of  Sulmona,  eldest  son 
and  heir  to  the  Prince  and  Princes  Borghcse,  to 
Lady  Gwcndalinc  Talbot,  second  dau.  of  the 

Earl  and  Countess  of  Shrewsbury.  12.  At 

Penshurst,  the  Rev.  T.  Maude,  to  Eliz.  Stewart 
Hay,  niece  of  the  late  James  Lain?,  esq.  of 

Strcatham-hill,  Surrey.  At  Spilsby,  Line. 

the  Rev.  John  Alington,  Rector  of  Canillesby,  to 
Charlotte  Sophia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 

Allen  Bellingham,  Bart.  At  Wimbledon,  the 

Rev.  H.  St.  Andrew  St.  John,  Vicar  of  Adding- 
hani,  Cumb.  to  Emily  Murray,  second  dau.  of 

A.  Belcher,  esq.  At  Mortlake,  Char.  Eyre, 

esq.  of  Hallinjrburj -place,  Essex,  to  Mary- 
Ann,  dau.  of  Lieut. -Gen.  L.  Popham,  of  Lit- 

tlecott,  Wilts.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq. 

the  Rev.  H.  B.  W.  Hillcoat,  D.D.  to  Cathe- 
rine, dau.  of  the  late  F.  Pym,  esq.  of  the  Has- 
sells,  Bedfordshire.  At  St.  George's, Blooms- 
bury,  A.  Peyton  Phelps,  esq.  to  Rachel  Su- 
sanna, widow  of  the  late  Alex.  Deans,  esq. 

Master  in  Chancery'  in  Jamaica.  13.  At 

Wotton-under-Edge,  the  Rev.  Kenelm  Henry 
Digby,  second  son  of  Vice-Adm.  Sir  H.  Digby, 
to  Caroline,  fifth  daughter  of  Edward  Shep- 

pard,  esq.  of  the  Ridge,  co.  Gloucester.  14. 

The  Rev.  E.  H.  Dawk  ins,  Vicar  of  Markham 
Clinton,  Nottinghamshire,  to  Elix.  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  W.  H.  Cooper,  Hart .  and  widow  of  G. 

A.  Dawkins,  esq.  At  Oxford,  the  Rev. 

D.  Williams,  Rector  of  Alton  Barnes,  Wilts, 
to  Miss  Eliz.  Powell,  of  Brecon.  At  Totten- 
ham, the  Rev.  F.  M.  M'Carthy,  Vicar  of  Lo- 
ders,  Dorsetshire,  to  Frances  Mary,  eldest  dau. 
of  William  Robinson,  esq.  LL.D. — «-At  St. 
Martiu's-in-the-Fields,  H.  Penney,  esq.  to  Har- 
riet, only  dau.  of  Sir  J.  Nicbll  M'Adam, 

of  Whitehall.  At  Kingston,  near  Taunton, 

Andrew,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Edw.  Foster, 
Preb.  of  Wells,  to  Elix.  only  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

A.  Foster.  At  Clifton,  the  Rev.  H.  Gray,  of 

Almondsbury,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Bishop  of 
Bristol,  to  the  Hon.  Emilie  Caroline  Pery, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Viscount  Glentworth. 
 At  Brislington,  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Towns- 
end,  Rector  of  Bishop's  Cleeve,  to  Anne,  only 

dau.  of  H.  Ricketts,  esq.  At  Bampton, 

Oxfordshire,  the  Rev.  C.  Rose,  B.D.  Rector  of 
Cublington,  Bucks,  to  Elix.  Frances,  third  dau. 
of  the  late  W.  Manley,  esq.  Serjeant -at- Law. 
 At  Bradford,  Geo.  Churchill,  esq.  of  Buck- 
land  Ri|>ers,  to  Frances,  thud  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Middleton  Onslow,  Rector  of  Bradford  Peve- 

rel.  At    Hartlebury,  the  Rev.  F.  J.  B. 

Hooper,  to  Caroline  smith,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

J.  Harward.  At  Epsom,  the  Rev.  G.  Tre- 

velyan,  Rector  of  Maiden,  Surrey,  to  Anne, 
only  dau.  of  H.  Gosse,  esq.  16.  At  Chel- 
tenham, C.  Saunders,  esq.  third  son  of  the 
late  Col.  A.  Saunders,  to  Eliza,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  J.  Wilson,  esq.  of  Smeaton  Castle,  co. 
York.  Joseph  M.  Gerothwohi,  esq.  to  Char- 
lotte Claudine  Clementine,  dau.  of  the  Marq.  de 
Croy  Channel  de  Hongrie.  18.  At  Leaming- 
ton, the  Rev.  W.  Warburtou,  to  Emma-Mar- 

jraret,  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Gen.  Stovin.  

l'J.  At  Hovingham,  Yorkshire,  the  Rev.  G.  H. 


Webber,  4th  son  of  the  Archd.  of  Chichester, 
to  Frances,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Geo.  Worsley, 

Rector  of  Stonegrave.  At  the  Earl  of  Lis- 

towell's,  Kingston  House,  Hed worth  Lambton, 
esq.  M.P.  youngest  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Durham,  to  Anna,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Ger- 
vase  Parker  Bushe,  esq.  of  Kilkenny,  and 

niece  to  the  Countess  of  Listowell.  At 

Bathwick,  the  Rev.  E.  F.  B.  B.  Fellowes,  to 
Frances  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  Brookes,  esq. 

of  Cumberland  Cottage,  Sidmouth.  20.  At 

Berry  Pomeroy,  the  Rev.  J.  Bentall,  of  Dean's 
Yard.  Westminster,  to  Harriet,  dau.  of  the 
late  J.  Everett,  esq.  of  Salisbury.  At  Edin- 
burgh, G.  W.  Denys,  est).  68th  Light  Inf.  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Geo.  Ilenys,  Bart,  to  Catherine- 
Eliza,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  M.  H.  Perceval, 

esq.  At  West  Rainham,  Norfolk,  the  Rev. 

J.  Kinrhant,  to  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

R.   Phayre,  of  Shrewsbury,  esq.  21.  At 

Hiphgate,  the  Rev.  R.  J.  B.  Hensliaw,  Vicar 
of  Hungarton,  Leicestershire,  to  Harriet,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Win.  Findley,  esq.  of  Mon- 
trose, N.B.  At  Swaffham  Prior,  W.  Treve- 

lyan,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Sir  J.  Trevelyan,  Bart, 
to  Paulina,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jermyn. 

 At  St.  Pancras,  the  Rev.  H.  E.  Fryer,  of 

Cattistock,  Dorsetshire,  to  Mary  Ellen,  dau.  of 

H.  G.  Stephens,  esq.  At  Bromham,  Capt. 

Ajar,  late  16th  Lancers,  to  Mary  Hoad,  third 

dau.  of  the  late  Adm.  P.  Puget,  C.B.  At 

Pluckley,  Kent,  the  Rev.  W.  Yorke  Draper, 
Rector  of  Broke,  to  Mary  Anne,  fourth  dau.  of 

Barrington  Price,  esq.  At  St.  Mary's,  Marv- 

le-bonne,  the  Rev.  H.  Reade  Quartley,  of  Wdl- 
verton,  Bucks,  to  Isabella  Tumor,  dau.  of  the 

late  Major  Forbes.  At  Tooting,  the  Rev. 

W.  P.  Funis,  Rector  of  Kirklington,  Cumb. 
to  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  E.  East,  esq.  of  Leigh- 
house,  Surrey.  22.  At  Camlierwell,  George 

Jones,  esq.  surgeon,  late  of  Alcester,  in  this 
county,  to  Anne,  relict  of  Tho.  Snepp,  esq.  and 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Henry  Wakeman,  Bart,  of 
Perdiswell,  Worcestersh. — 23.  At  St.  George's, 
Hanover-sq.  the  Rev.  T.  Garnier,  Vicar  of 
Lewknor,  to  Lady  C.  Keppel,  dau.  of  the  Earl 

of  Allwrnarle.  26.  At  Chelsworth,  Capt.  Job 

Hanmer,  RN.  of  Holbrook  Hall,  Suffolk,  to 
Charlotte-Sophia  Blagrave,  dau.  of  the  Late  J. 

Blagrave,  esq.  of  Calcot-park,  Berks.  At 

Shimpling  Thome,  Suffolk,  J.  M.  Cookesley,  of 
Boulogne-sur-mer,  to  Henrietta  Sarah,  dau.  of 
Thos.riske,  Rector  of  Shimpling  and  Ki-t  tie- 
has  ton.  27.  At  Trinity  Church,  Marylebone. 

Henry  Coe  Coape,  esq.  to  Sidney-Jane,  third 
dau.  of  Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  H.  King, 

K.C.B.  28.  At  Chester-le -Street,  R.  Pierce 

Butler,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Sir  T.  Butler  Bt.  of 
Bullin  Temple,  Carlow,  to  Matilda,  dau.  of  T. 
Cook  son,  esq.  of  Hermitage,  Durham. 

June  1.  At  Edinburgh,  Sir  James  Stuart, 
Bart,  of  Allanbank,  to  Katherine,  second  dau. 
of  Alex.  Monro,  esq.  M.D.  Professor  of  Ana- 
tomy in  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  2. 

The  Rev.  J.  Daubeny,  Rector  of  Publow,  Som- 
ersetsh.  to  Eleanor,  only  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gen. 

Browne  Clavton,  of  Adlington  Hall,  Lane.  

3.  At  Frome,  Lieut. -Col.  J.  W.Aitchison,  E.I.C. 
to  Eliza  Vincent,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt 
R.  J.  L.  O'Connor,  R.N.—*.  At  Plymouth 
the  Rev.  R.  L.  Burton,  vicar  of  the  Abbey, 
Shrewsbury,  to  Mary-  Anne  Elix.  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  C.  Pyne  Coffin,  of  East  Downe,  Devon . 

 At  St.  George's,   Hanover-sq.  J.  David 

Watts  Russell,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Jesse  Watts 
Russell,  esq.  to  Mary  Neville,  dau.  of  J. 
Smith  Wright,  esq.  of  Rempstone  Hall,  Not- 

tinghamsh.  6.  At  Marylebone  church,  the 

Rev.  F.  W.  Hope,  to  Miss  Ellen,  dau.  of  the  late 

G-  Meredith,  esq.  of  Nottingham-place.  At 

Croydon,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Worgan.  to  Phi- 
lipi>a,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Beruey, 


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1835.]  •  89 

OBITUARY. 

The  Earl  or  Devon,  the  late  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Reginald  Cour- 

Msy  26.    At  his  residence  in  the  Place  tenay,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter,  and 

Veadome,  Paris,  in  his  67th  year,  the  grandson  of  Henry  Reginald  Courtenay, 

Richt  Hon.  William  Courtenav,  Earl  of  esq.  younger  brother  to  tbe  first  Viscount. 

Devon  (1553,)  third  Viscount  Courtenay,  The  Viscounty  has  become  extinct, 

of  Powderbam  castle,  co.  Devon  (J762,)  The  present  Earl  was  born  in  1777,  and 

and  a  Baronet  (1644).  married  in  1804,  Lady  Henrietta  Leslie, 

His  lordship  was  born  July  30,  1768,  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Lucas  Papys, 

the  only  son  (with  thirteen  sisters)  of  Bart,  by  Jane- Elizabeth  Countess  of 


the  second  Viscount  Courtenay,  Rothes,  by  whom  be  has  issue  the  Hon. 
(de  jure  Earl  of  Devon,)  by  Frances,  William- Reginald  Courtenay,  who  mar- 
daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Clark,  of  Wal-  ried  in  1830  Lady  Elizabeth  Fortescue, 
iingford  in  Berkshire.  He  succeeded  his  seventh  daughter  of  Earl  Fortescue,  and 
fetber  in  the  title  of  Viscount,  shortly  has  issue,  and  two  other  sons, 
before  be  became  of  age,  on  the  14th  of  Tbe  remains  of  the  late  Earl  of  Devon 
Dee.  178a  lay  in  state  at  Powderbam  Castle  on  the 
His  claim  to  the  Earldom  of  Devon  11th  of  June.  A  large  number  of  persons 


founded  upon  the  limitation  in  the  from  Exeter  and  the  surrounding  neigh 
patent  of  tbe  3d  Sept.  1  Mary,  1553,  by  bourhood  visited  the  mournful  pageant, 
which  that  dignity  (originally  derived  by  The  funeral,  which  it  was  intended  should 
the  Courtenays  by  inheritance  from  the  be  as  private  as  circumstances  would  per- 
bouse  of  Redvers  in  the  earliest  feudal  mit,  took  place  the  following  day,  the 
times)  was  granted  to  Sir  Edward  Cour-  body  being  interred  in  the  family  vault  in 
tenay,  to  bold  to  him  "  rt  heredibut  nit  Powderbam  Church.  The  procession 
nascmfu  imperpetuum"  with  tbe  prece-  from  the  Castle  consisted  of  the  relatives 
dence  in  Parliament*,  and  in  all  other  of  the  deceased  Nobleman,  and  some  of 
places,  which  any  of  bis  ancestors,  Earls  tbe  immediate  friends  of  the  family,  to- 
o/Devon, bad  ever  held  or  enjoyed.  The  gether  with  several  hundreds  of  the 
wid  Earl  was  tbe  son  and  heir  of  Henry  tenantry  of  Powderbam  and  tbe  adjoining 
Marquess  of  Exeter,  whose  honours  were  parishes. 

forfeited  by  attainder;  and  grandson  of   

William  Earl  of  Devon  by  the  Princess  Adm.  Hos.  Sir  A.K.  Legge,  K.C.B. 
Elizabeth  bis  wife,  daughter  of  King  May  12.    At  his  residence  on  Black- 
Edward  tbe  Fourth.    Edward  Earl  of  heath,  in  his  69th  year,  the  Hon.  Sir  Ar- 
Devon  died  in  September  1556,  without  thur  Kaye  Legge,  K.  C.B.  Admiral  of  the 
;  and  tbe  title  remained  unclaimed  Blue;  uncle  to  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth, 


until  tbe  year  18:10,  when  Viscount  Cour-  elder  brother  to  the  late  Bishop  of  Ox- 

tenay  urged  his  rigbt  to  tbe  honour  as  ford,  and  to  Lady  Feversham. 
collateral  heir  male  of  tbe  last  Earl,  he       He  was  born  Oct.  25,  1766,  tbe  sixth 

heir  male  of  tbe  body  of  Sir  Philip  son  of  W»lliara  second  Earl  of  Dart- 


Courtenay  of   Powderham,  a  younger  mouth,  by  Frances-  Catharine,  only  daugh- 

brother  of  Sir  Edward  Courtenay,  which  ter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Charles  Gunter 

Sir  Edward  was  tbe  eldest  son  of  Hugh  Nicholls,  K.B.    He  entered  the  Navy  at 

second  Earl  of  Devon,  (but  died  in  vita  an  early  age,  and  had  the  honour  of  being 

patris)  and  ancestor  of  the  subsequent  a  shipmate  with  his  present  Majesty  on 

Earls.    Upon  establishing  his  pedigree,  board  the  Prince  George,  bearing  the  flag 

and  proving  that  all  the  elder  male  of  Rear-Adm.  Digby,  on  the  American 

branches  of  tbe  Courtenay  family  were  station.     In  1791  he  commanded  the 

extinct,  the  House  of  Lords,  on  the  14th  Shark  sloop,  stationed  in  the  Channel; 

March  1831.  admitted  Lord  Courtenay's  and  in  1793  was  made  post  in  the  Niger 

right  to  the  Earldom  of  Devon  under  the  32,  which  was  one  of  the  repeaters  in  tbe 

patent  of  1553,  by  the  folio  wing  resolution:  glorious  victory  of  tbe  1st  June  1794. 

"  Resolved  and  adjudged  that  William  In  the  spring  of  1795,  the  Latona  fri- 

Viscount  Courtenay  hath  made  out  bis  gate,  to  which  he  bad  been  removed  from 

claim  to  tbe  title,  honour,  and  dignity  of  the  Niger,  formed  one  of  the  squadron 

Earl  of  Devon."  which  escorted  the  Princess  Caroline  of 

His  Lordship,  however,  never  took  his  Brunswick  to  this  country.    About  May 

as  Peer,  having  remained  out  of  the  1797  he  was  appointed  to  the  Cambrian 


country  from  that  period  until  his  death.  40,  in  which  he  captured  several  privateers 

He  wts  unmarried ;  and  is  succeeded  in  tbe  off  the  French  coast,  and  was  in  occa- 

£arldom  by  William  Courtenay,  esq.  assia-  sional  attendance  on  their  Majesties  at 

Cant  Clerk  of  the  Parliament,  elder  son  of  Weymouth,  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

(/Ext.  SI ag.  Vol.  IV.  N 


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90    Major-Gen.  Sir  J.  Campbell. — Capt.  Sir  C.  M.  Schomberg.  [July, 


Soon  after  the  renewal  of  the  hostilities 
in  1803,  he  obtained  the  command  of  the 
Repulse,  a  new  74,  attached  to  the  West- 
ern squadron.  Early  in  1 80o  he  captured 
a  valuable  Spanish  merchantman,  ofrFer- 
rol;  and  in  the  same  year  was  present  in 
the  action  between  Sir  Robert  Calder 
and  the  combined  fleets  of  France  and 
Spain.  He  was  afterwards  ordered  to  the 
Mediterranean  ;  and  in  ISO?  accompanied 
Sir  T.  Duckworth  to  the  Dardanelles, 
where  the  Repulse  bad  10  killed  and  11 
wounded.  He  afterwards  went  on  the 
Waleheren  expedition,  and  being  attacked 
with  fever  at  Flushing,  was  obliged  to  re- 
sign the  command  of  his  ship,  and  return 
to  England. 

Gapt.  Legge  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Hear- Admiral  July  31.  1810.  In  the 
spring  of  1811  he  was  appointed  to  the 
command  at  Cadiz,  having  the  Revenge 
74  for  his  Hag-ship  ;  and  remained  there 
until  Sept.  1812.  He  was  afterwards 
appointed  to  the  command  in  the  river 
Thames,  and  hoisted  his  flag  on  the  Thisbe 
frigate  ofT  Greenwich,  where  it  continued 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war.  He  be- 
came a  Vice- Admiral  1814,  K.O.B, 
iHlo,  and  Admiral  1830. 

In  1801  he  was  nominated  a  Groom  of 
His  Majesty's  Bedchamber,  in  which 
character  he  walked  at  the  funeral  of 
George  the  Third. 

Sir  Arthur  was  never  married.  He 
has  died  possessed  of  a  very  large  fortune, 
which  he  has  distributed  among  his 
nephews  and  nieces.  He  has  bequeathed 
to  his  butler,  named  Smith,  who  has  l>een 
many  years  in  his  service,  the  sum  of 
3,000/.  together  with  the  whole  of  his 
valuable  wardrol>e.  He  has  also  left  to 
Green,  his  coachman,  1,000/;  to  Jiurford. 
his  footman,  1,000/;  to  Kitson,  the 
groom,  1,000/;  and  to  his  housekeeper, 
1,000/.  To  his  housemaid,  who  had  only 
been  three  months  in  his  service,  he  has 
bequeathed  the  sum  of  Ml.  In  addition 
to  these  legacies,  he  has  ordered  the 
sum  of  100  .  to  be  paid  to  each  of  his  ser- 
vants in  lieu  of  half  a  yeur's  wages.  His 
remains  were  interred  in  the  family 
vault  in  Lewisham  churchyard. 

Major- Gkx.  Sir  J.  Campbkli.,  K.C.B. 

Mat/  6.  At  Paris,  Major. General  Sir 
James  Campbell,  K.C.B..  K.C-  H., 
K.T.S.  Colonel  of  the  74th  regiment. 

This  officer  was  appointed  Ensign  in 
the  first  foot  in  1791,  and  Lieutenant 
in  1794;  and  in  September  of  the 
latter  year  obtained  a  company  in  the  42H. 
He  served  at  Gibraltar  ;  and  was  at  the 
capture  of  Minorca  in  1798.  He  was 
appointed  Major  of  the  Argyle-fencibles, 
Jan.  3,  1799,  and  joined  them  in  Ireland. 
In  1802  he  exchanged  into  the  94th  foot, 


which  he  joined  at  Madras  ;  and  in  two 
years  after  was  appointed  Lieut-- Colonel. 
He  served  in  the  field  during  the  Iilah- 
ratta  war  from  Jan.  1803  to  March  IHCXJ, 
and  for  a  time  commanded  a  brigade.  In 
Oct.  1807  his  regiment,  which  had  then 
been  longest  abroad,  was  drafted  and  sent 
home,  where  it  arrived  in  April   1 808, 
consisting  of  only  130  men.    After  being 
recruited,  it  embarked  for  Jersey  in  Sept. 
1809,  and  for  Portugal  in  Jan.  fallowing  ; 
from  whence  they  proceeded  to  Cadiz, 
where  this  officer  commanded  n  brigade 
and  the  garrison,  and  returned  to  Lisbon 
in  Sept.  1810.    Upon  joining  the  army, 
he  commanded  a  brigade  of  the  third 
division  until  June  1812,  and  led  it  to 
victory  at  Ciudad  Rodrigo,  Badajos,  and 
Salamanca,  as  he  did  his  own  corps  at 
Fuentes  d'Onor  and  Vittoria.    At  the 
first  of  these  he  beaded  his  own  regiment, 
which    stormed   and   carried  the  great 
breach.    He  was  twice  severely  wounded, 
at  Salamanca  and  Vittoria.    He  became 
a  brevet  Colonel  1813,  C.B.  in  1815,  re- 
ceived permission  to  accept  the  insignia 
of  the  Tower  and  Sword,  March  11, 
1810;    Major-General   1819;  K.C.B. 
Dec.  3,  1822 ;  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  94th  foot  in  183.;  and 
to  that  of  the  74th  on  the  12th  of  Decem- 
ber last.    In  1818,  on  the  temperary  dis- 
bandment  of  the  94th  regiment,  he  was 
presented  by  the  officers  of  that  corps  with 
a  sword  as  a  memorial  of  their  respect  and 
esteem. 

He  married  March  18,  1817,  Lady 
Dorothea- Louisa  Cuffc,  younger  daugh- 
ter of  Otway  first  Earl  of  Desart,  and 
aunt, to  the  present  Earl. 

Capt;  Sir  CM.  Schomberg,  K.C.H. 

Jan.  2.  On-board  the  President  flag- 
ship, in  Carlisle  Bay,  Dominica,  his  Ex- 
cellencv  Sir  Charles  Marsh  Schomberg. 
C.B.,  K.C.H.,  K.T.S.,  Capt.  R.N.  and 
Lieut.- Governor  of  that  island. 

Sir  Charles  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Sir 
Alexander  Schomberg,  R  N.  by  Mary- 
Susannah.  Arabella,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Chalmers.  He  was  born  at  Dublin  ; 
and  entered  the  naval  service  on  board  the 
Dorset  yacht,  the  command  of  which  was 
held  for  many  years  by  his  father,  in  at- 
tendance on  several  Viceroys  of  Ireland. 
On  the  breaking  out  of  the  French  revo- 
lutionary war,  he  passed  into  active  service 
under  the  celebrated  Adm.  Maebride, 
until  the  year  179.5,  when  he  was  pro- 
moted to  be  Lieutenant  of  the  Minotaur, 
in  which  capacity  he  was  serving  at  the 
time  of  the  mutiny  in  1797.  He  was  sub- 
sequently engaged  in  several  severe  boat 
actions  with  the  Spauish  flotilla  and  land 
batteries  at  Cadiz,  for  his  conduct  in 
which  be  received  tbe  approbation  of  Karl 


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Obituary.— Capi. 

St.  Vincent.  The  Minotaur  afterwards 
,oiued  Nelson  off  Toulon,  and  bore  a  dis- 
tinguished part  in  the  battle  of  the  Nile ; 
«*nd  during  bis  subsequent  services*  in  the 
Mediterranean,  Lieut.  Schomberg  on  all 
»wa*ions  displayed  zeal  and  activity,  par. 
ticularly  in  a  gallant  and  successful  attack 
upon  two  Spanish  corvettes,  off  Barcelona. 

He  next  accompanied  Lord  Keith  to 
Egypt,  as  Hag  Lieutenant  of  the  Four- 
droyant,  and  was  sent  by  the  Admiral  ro 
Grand  Cairo,  to  keep  up  a  communication 
with  the  Turkish  army,  and  continued  in 
that  arduous  service  until  the  termination 
of  hostilities,  notwithstanding  he  had 
been  promoted  to  theTermagant  sloop  of 
war;  after  which  he  joined  the  Charon 
44,  and  assisted  in  conveying  the  French 
troops  from  Alexandria  to  Malta. 

He  was  employed  in  various  negotia- 
tions up  to  1803,'  and  in  August  of  that 
yrar  was  made  Post  into  the  Madras  ;A, 
lying  at  Malta ;  where  he  remained  until 
that  ship  was  dismantled  in  1807,  and  then 
returned  to  England. 

His  next  appointment  was  to  the  Hi  hernia 
X'dii,  as  dag  Captain  to  Sir  W.  Sidney 
Smith,  and  he  removed  with  the  Admiral 
into  his  former  ship,  the  Fourdroyant,  for 
the  purpose  of  conveying  the  Royal  Fa- 
mily of  Portugal  to  Rio  Janeiro.  In 
1810  he  was  appointed  to  the  Astrea  30, 
in  which  he  proceeded  to  the  East  India 
Marion,  and  in  company  with  the  Pbrp.be, 
Galatea,  and  Racehorse,  captured,  after  a 
hard-fought  and  gallant  action,  on  the  SWth 
May  1811,  la  Renomiuee  frigate  of  44 
guns  one  of  a  squadron  that  bad  com- 
mitted great  depredations  in  the  Indian 
seas.  He  subsequently  recovered  the  set- 
tlement of  Tama  tan,  in  Aladagascar,  and 
captured  another  French  frigate  lying  in 
the  port. 

In  April  1813  he  succeeded  to  the  torn- 
maud  of  the  Nisus  38,  and  proceeded  f  rom 
the  Cape  station  to  South  America,  whence 
he  conveyed  a  valuable  fleet,  and  was  paid 
off  in  March  1814.    At  the  enlargement 
of  the  Order  of  the  Rath,  in  Jan.  1815, 
he  was  nominated  a  C.B.  ,  and  on  the 
30th  Aug.  following,  received  permission 
to  accept  the  insignia  of  a  Commander  of 
the  Tower  and  Sword.    In  18V0  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Rochford  80,  destined 
forthe  dag  of  Sir  Graham  Moore.    In  1824 
be  returned  with  that  ofheer  from  the 
ilt'iiterranean.  his  time  of  service  being 
expired.    In  Feb.  1833  be  was  appointed 
Licur.- Governor    of    Dominica,  where 
ins  arise  and  impartial  administration  ap- 
pear* to  have  given  complete  satisfaction 
to  the  inhabitants.     He  was  interred  in 
Ht.  Paul's  Chapel,  on  the  'id  of  January, 
nth  mibfary  honours,  Sir  Li.  Cock  burn 
M<J  Sir  L.   Smith,  the  senior  naval  and 


IV.  Kempthorne,  R.\.  <J  I 

military  commar.dcrs  present,  acting  as 
chief  mourners. 


C.xcr.  W.  KhMmioiiNF.  K.N. 

/Mtcii/.  At  Exeter,  William  Kemp- 
thorne, esq.  a  Post  Captain  R.N. 

This  officer  was  a  native  of  Penrhyn  ; 
his  father  and  maternal  grandfather  were 
both  commanders  in  the  Falmouth  packet 
service;  and  the  name  of  the  latter  u ;«> 
( ioodridge.  He.  entered  the  navy  in  1 70,), 
and  served  the  who'e  of  his  time  as  .Mid- 
shipman under  the  active  and  chivalrous 
command  of  Sir  Edward  Pellew,  the  lat.' 
Viscount  Exmouth.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen, he  was  carried  prisoner  into  Ro- 
chelle,  whence,  however,  after  six  weeks' 
captivity,  he  had  the  good  fortune  to 
escape,  in  company  with  Mr.  Henry  Gil- 
bert,  another  Cornish  youth,  and  in  a  few 
days  more  was  again  on  board  the  Indefati- 
gable. He  attained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant 
in  INK). 

Having  proceeded- with  Sir  Edward 
Pellew  in  the  Culloden  74  to  the  East 
Indies,  Mr.  Kempthorne  was  there  np 
pointed  First  Lieutenant  of  the  Corn- 
wallis  frigate,  in  IHOj;  and  in  1807  ob- 
tained the  command  of  the  Diana  brig,  in 
which  he  captured  the  Topaze  piratical 
schooner,  in  May  of  that  year  (on  which 
oc  casion  he  was  severely  wounded),  and  a 
Hutch  national  brig  of  six  guns  in  Au;'u>t 
J  808. 

Towards  the  close  of  that  year  he  was 
employed,  with  a  brig  and  cruizer  under 
his  orders,  in  blockading  Canton  ;  and  in 
Sept.  1809  he  captured  the  Dutch  nati- 
onal brig  Zephyr  of  14  long-sixes.  Whilst 
employed  in  the  Eastern  sews,  he  made 
several  important  hydrogniphical  disco- 
veries; one  of  which,  an  extensive  and 
dangerous  patch  of  coral  to  the  south  of 
the  Natuma  islands,  he  named  after 
his  little  vessel  the  Diana;  which  was  at 
length  worn  out,  and  laid  up  at  the  island 
of  Rodrigues,  in  May  I M0. 

He  was  made  Commander  April  3, 
l8l  I,  appointed  to  the  Harlequin  sloop, 
Nov.  II  following;  and  to  the  Beelze- 
bub bomb,  July  2,  1810,  then  under 
orders  tor  Algiers.  During  the  bombard 
ment  of  that  town  he  commanded  the 
division  of  bombs  ,  and  after  its  surrender 
was  appointed  to  act  as  Captain  of  the 
Queen  Ciuulotte  108,  bearing  the  nag  of 
his  early  patron.  He  was  promoted  to 
Post  rank  on  the  loth  Sept.  following  ; 
and  continued  to  command  the  Que.  h 
Charlotteuntil  she  was  put  uut  of  commit 
sion. 

[A  more  particular  memoir  of  (  apt . 
Kempthorne  will  be  found  in  Marshall'* 
Royal  Naval  Biography,  Supplement,  part 
iv.  pp.  11 4—  1 10  j 


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92 


Obituary. — Mrs.  Cook.— Edward  Roberts,  Esq.  [July, 


Mas.  Cook. 
May  13.    At  Clap  ham,  in  her  94th 
year,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Capt.  James 
Cook,  R.N.  the  celebrated  circumnavi- 
gator. 

This  venerable  lady,  remarkable  alike 
from  the  eminence  of  her  husband,  and  for 
the  length  of  time  she  had  survived  him, 
as  well  as  estimable  for  her  private  virtues, 
was  married  in  the  year  1762.  She  was 
a  Miss  Batts,  of  Barking  in  Essex ;  and 
Cook  was  then  a  Master  in  the  Navy, 
thirty  .four  years  of  age.  To  the  last  she 
was  generally  accustomed  to  speak  of  bim 
as  "Mr.  Cook,"  which  was  the  style  by 
which  he  had  been  chiefly  known  to  her 
during  his  residence  at  home,  as  be  was 
not  appointed  to  the  rank  of  Commander 
until  1771,  nor  to  that  of  Post  Captain 
till  1776.  His  death  at  O  why  bee  took 
place  on  the  14th  of  Feb.  1779,  having 
then  been  absent  from  England  for  more 
than  two  years  and  a  half.  Mrs.  Cook 
bad,  after  his  departure,  received  from  the 
Royal  Society,  the  Copley  gold  medal, 
which  had  been  voted  to  him  for  a  pajwr 
explaining  the  means  he  had  employed 
for  preserving  his  crew  in  his  previous 
voyages,  and  this,  with  many  other  inter- 
esting memorials,  she  treasured  with  faith- 
ful care. 

When  the  tidings  of  Captain  Cook's 
death  were  communicated  to  King  George 
the  Third,  his  Majesty  immediately  di- 
rected pensions  to  be  settled  on  the  widow 
and  three  surviving  sons.  But  Mrs. 
Cook  had  the  grievous  misfortune  to  lose 
them  all  within  a  few  years  after.  Na- 
thaniel, the  second,  who  had  embraced 
the  naval  profession  from  hereditary 
emulation  of  his  father's  name,  not  with- 
out affectionate  apprehensions  on  the  part 
of  his  mother,  was  lost  in  1780,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  with  Commodore  Walsingham, 
in  the  Thunderer,  which  foundered  at  sea. 

Hugh,  who  was  considerably  the  young- 
est, died  in  1793,  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
whilst  a  student  in  Christ's  College,  Cam- 
bridge. His  mother  had  pui  chased  the 
advowson  of  a  living,  with  a  view  to  his 
preferment  ■,  but  he  died  unacquainted 
with  u  circumstance  which  might,  if  pre- 
maturely announced,  have  damped  his 
personal  exertions.  James,  the  eldest,  at 
the  age  of  thirty-one,  was  drowned  with 
his  boat's  crew,  while  Commander  of  the 
Spitfire  sloop  of  war,  off  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  in  1794.  A  daughter  had  previ- 
ously died  of  dronsy,  when  about  twelve 
years  of  age.  The  memory  of  these 
lamentable  bereavements  was  never  ef- 
faced from  her  mind,  and  there  were  some 
melancholy  anniversaries  which  to  the 
end  of  her  days  she  devoted  to  seclusion 
and  pious  observance. 


Mrs.  Cook  selected  Clapham  as  hex 
place  of  residence,  many  years  since,  on 
account  of  its  convenience  for  her  eldest 
son  when  coming  to  town  by  the  Forts- 
mouth  coach.  There  her  latter  days 
were  spent  in  intercourse  with  her  friends, 
and  in  the  conscientious  discharge  of  those 
duties  which  her  benevolent  and  kindly 
feelings  dictated  to  her.  Her  amiable 
conduct  in  all  social  relations,  her  pious 
acquiescence  and  resignation  under  extra- 
ordinary family  trials  and  deprivations, 
and  her  consistent  sensible  demeanour 
throughout  a  long  life,  secured  her  univer- 
sal esteem  and  respect. 

The  body  of  Mrs.  Cook  was  buried  on 
the  22d  May,  in  u  vault  in  the  church  of 
St.  Andrew  the  Great,  in  Cambridge,  near 
those  of  her  children,  to  whose  memory 
there  is  already  a  monument    Mrs.  Cook 
bus  munificently  left   1000/.  three  t>er 
cents,  to  that  parish,  under  the  following 
conditions: — The  monument  is  tube  main- 
tained  in  perfect  repair  out  of  the  interest, 
the  Minister  for  the  time  being  to  re. 
ceive  2/.  per  ami.  for  his  trouble  in  at- 
tending to  the  execution  of  this  trust; 
and  the  remainder  is  to  be  equally  divided, 
every  year  on  St.  Thomas's  Day,  between 
five  poor  aged  women  belonging  to  and 
residing  in  the  parish  of  Great  St.  An- 
drew's, who  do  not  receive  parochial  re- 
lief.   The  appointment  is  to  be  made 
each  year  by  the  Minister,  Church- 
wardens, and  Overseers.    She  has  also 
bequeathed  750/.  to  the  poor  of  Clapham  ; 
and  has  left  many  handsome  legacies  to 
her  friends ;  to  her  three  servants,  be  sides 
legacies,  she  has  bestowed  all  the  furniture 
in  their  respective  rooms.    She  has  be- 
queathed the  Copley  gold  medal,  before 
mentioned,  and  the  medal  struck  in  honour 
of  her  husband  by  order  of  George  III.  (of 
which  there  never  were  but  five),  to  the 
British  Museum.    The  Schools  for  the 
Indigent  Blind  and  the  Royal  Maternity 
Charity,  are  benefited  to  the  amount  of 
nearly  1,000/.  consols,  besides  various 
other  public  and  private  charities.  Her 
will  bas  been  proved  in  the  Prerogative 
Court  of  Canterbury  by  her  relation,  J.  L. 
Bennett,  esq.  of  Mertou,  und  J.  D.  Blake, 
esq.  the  executors,  and  her  property  sworn 
under  60,000/. 


Edward  Roberts,  Esq. 

May  14.  At  Ealing,  Middlesex,  in  his 
88th  year,  Edward  Roberts,  esq.  late 
Clerk  of  the  Pells  in  bis  Majesty's  Re- 
ceipt of  Exchequer. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  one  of  the  most 
marked  men  of  bis  time,  and  had  associ- 
ated with  nearly  all  the  celebrated  politi- 
cal character*  oi  the  age,  from  the  days  of 


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Obituary — Mrs.  0.  Serves. 


93 


bis  god- father  Sir  Edward  WaJpole,  and 
hv«  ear\y  friend  Colonel  'Barre,  down  to 
the  leading  Members  of  Lord  Liverpool's 
administration.    He  possessed  a  mascu- 
line  understanding,  with    a  particular 
quickness  and  acuteness  of  observation,  e 
During  a  long  and  active  career  in  th 
public  service  (upwards  of  sixty-one  years) 
he  was  remarkable  tor  those  qualities 
which  eminently  pointed  him  out  for 
offices  of  great  trust  and  res]>onsibility. 

His  personal  character  may  be  summed 
op  in  one  word — be  was  a  finished  gentle- 
man of  the  old  school — in  the  best  and 
highest  sense  of  the  term.    On  a  tirst  in- 
terview  something  bordering  on  austerity 
oiigbt  be  perceptible  in  his  manner,  but 
this  common  attribute  of  official  men 
almost  instantly  vanished,  and  the  natural 
amenity  of  bis  disposition  displayed  itself 
in  the  most  attractive  colours.  His 
countenance  was  prepossessing  in  the  ex- 
treme ;  bis  eye,  though  keen  and  piercing, 
dearly  demonstrated  a  benevolent  as  well 
as  ardent  mind.    He  delivered  his  opini- 
ons on  all  subjects  with  the  utmost  energy 
and  decision,  and  with  an  emphasis  pecu- 
liar to  himself.    Few  men  could  rival  him 
in  the  variety  and  correctness  of  his  in- 
lormalion,  or  in  the  extent  of  his  memory, 
at  a  very  advanced  peiiod  of  life.  Such 
was  the  accuracy  and  minuteness  of  his 
research,  tliat  it  was  difficult  to  call  in 
question  any  historical  fact,  or  even  date, 
which  he  advanced.    The  same  degree  of 
txaetness  pervaded  the  arrangements  of 
his  private  life,  and  nothing  could  exceed 
the  beauty  and  elegance  of  his  handwriting, 
but  the  vigour  and  perspicuity  of  his  epis- 
tolary style. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  a  detailed  me- 
moir  of  this  venerable  man  will  be  given 
to  the  public  by  the  same  admirable  pen, 
which  some  years  ago  illustrated,  in  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  biographical  sketches 
extant,  the  virtues  and  talents  of  his  dis- 
tinguished son,  fiarre  Charles  Roberts, 
Student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  (4to. 
ltttt. )  In  the  mean  time  this  feeble  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  Mr.  Roberts  is  offered 
by  one  who  felt  himself  both  honoured 
and  gratified  by  his  friendship. 

[We  may  add  that  at  the  time  of  bis 
decease,  Mr.  Roberts  was  the  senior 
member  of  the  Company  of  Apothecaries 
of  London,  of  which  he  served  the  office 
of  Master  some  years  since,  and  in  which 
society  he  was  regarded  with  the  highest 

•3 


Mas.  O.  Sbrbf.8. 
A'oc.  21.    Within   ibe  rules  of  the 
King's  Bench,  in  her  03d  year,  Mrs.  Olivia 
Serres,  the  sctf-styted  Princes*  Olive  of 
iuinbtrland. 


This  extraordinary  and  aspiring  impos- 
tor was  born  at  Warwick,  April  3,  1772, 
and  baptized  at  St.  Nicolas  church  in 
that  town,  on  the  loth  of  the  same  month, 
being  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Robert  Wii- 
mot, a  house- painter,  and  Anna- Maria 
his  wife.  She  was  educated  under  the 
protection  of  her  uncle,  the  Rev.  James 
Wiimot,  D.D.  Fellow  of  Trinity  college, 
Oxford,  and  Rector  of  Barton  on  the 
Heath  in  Warwickshire,  and  whilst  living 
with  him,  shortly  after  quitting  school,  she 
appeared  as  a  witness  upon  a  very  extra- 
ordinary trial  for  a  burglury  in  her  uncles 
house,  tor  which  two  men  were  convicted 
and  executed.  Her  story  was  very  mar- 
vellous, and  her  conduct,  as  she  repre- 
sented it,  highly  heroic. 

At  on  early  age  she  was  married  to 
Mr.  John  Thomas  Serres,  w  ho  had  the 
appointment  of  Marine  Painter  to  the 
King  and  Duke  of  Clarence,  and  was  a 
son  of  Count  Dominick  Scnvs,  one  of 
the  early  members  ot  the  Royal  Academy. 
After  a  few  years  they  separated,  and 
Mrs.  Serres  had  to  support  herself  and 
children  by  her  own  efforts.  In  1806  she 
was  herself  appointed  Landscape  Painter 
to  the  Prince  of  Wales.  We  believe  she  at 
one  time  made  her  appearance  on  the  stage, 
and  she  is  said  to  have  performed  Polly 
iu  the  Beggar's  Opera.  Mr.  Serres  died 
on  the  28th  of  December  1825;  and  a 
memoir  of  him  will  be  found  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine,  vol.  xcvi.  i.  280. 

Always  possessing  a  busy  and  romantic 
imagination,  Olivia  at  an  early  age  essayed 
her  powers  in  original  composition  ;  but 
we  believe  she  did  not  venture  before  the 
public  until  the  year  1805,  when  she 
printed  a  novel  called  "  St.  Julian."  In 
the  following  year,  she  put  forth  her  po- 
etical miscellanies,  under  the  title  of 
"  Flights  of  Fancy."  She  also  published 
the  **  Castle  of  Avala,"  an  opera ;  and 
"  Letters  of  Advice  to  her  Daughters." 

In  1813  she  embarked  in  the  first  of  her 
attempts  to  gull  the  British  public,  by 
proclaiming  her  late  uncle  before  men- 
tioned to  have  been  the  long-sought  au- 
thor of  Junius.    His  pretensions  were 
advanced  in  an  octavo  volume,  entitled, 
«« The  Life  of  the  Rev.  James  Wiimot, 
D.D."  (see  the  Monthly  Review,  N.  S. 
lxxh,  94,  and  Gent.  Mag.  lxxxiii,  ii. 
413.)    The  claim  was  completely  nega- 
tived by  letters  from   Dr.  Butler  of 
Shrewsbury  and  Mr.  G.  Woodfall,  which 
appear  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
August  1813  (ibid.  p.  99.)    Mrs.  Serres 
replied  in  Nov.  p.  413,  and  Mr.  Wood- 
full  honoured  her  with  one  more  rejoinder 
in  Dec.  p.  545.    The  lady  was  indulged 
with  further  attention  in  the  next  volume, 


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94 


OiiiTLAKY.—  Mrs.  Hemans. 


[July, 


pt.  i,  pp.  213,  344,  533,  pt.  ii,  24,  but  the 
falsity  ot  ber  pretensions  was  already 
apparent  to  every  intelligent  person  who 
paid  attention  to  the  subject. 

Her  next  extraordinary  freak  was  as- 
suming the  eharaeter  of  u  theologian,  by 
publishing  in  1811,  4t  St.  Athanasius* 
Creed  Explained,  tor  the  advantage  of 
youth.  By  Olivia  Wihnot  Serres,  niece," 
&c.  &e.  It  will  be  observed  she  had 
already  t>egan  to  traihe  in  assumed 
names;  ior  that  of  Wiluiot  was  not  given 
her  in  baptism. 

About  the  year  1S17  she  first  discovered 
that  she  was  not  the  daughter  of  Robert 
Wihnot,  but  of  Henry  Duke  of  Cumber- 
laud,  brother  to  King  George  the  Third. 
At  first  she  was  satisfied  to  be  accounted 
illegitimate;  but  she  shortly  professed 
herself  to  be  his  legitimate  daughter;  first 
her  mother  was  Airs.  Payne,  sister  to  Dr. 
Wihnot,  and  afterwards  she  became  the 
Doctor's  daughter.  On  these  pretensions 
she  proceeded  to  forward  her  claims  to 
the  Prince  Hegent  and  Koyal  family,  and 
the  officers  of  Government. 

She  employed  herself  in  fabricating 
several  absurd  and  contradictory  docu- 
ments; the  most  weighty  of  which  was 
a  will  of  George  the  Third,  bequeathing 
her  15,000/.;  some  of  these  were  printed, 
for  the  amusement  of  the  readers  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  in  the  number 
for  July  1822.  In  the  following  June 
Sir  Gerard  Noel  was  induced  to  move  for 
aii  investigation  of  her  claims  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  was  seconded 
by  Mr.  Hume;  but  Sir  Robert  Peel,  in 
a  clear  and  convincing  speech,  completely 
set  the  matter  at  rest,  and  enlightened  the 
few  who  had  been  deceived  by  her  extra- 
vagant assumptions.  He  pointed  out  that 
her  documents  were  framed  in  the  most 
injudicious  and  inconsiderate  manner, 
many  of  the  signatures  being  such  as 
could  never  have  been  made  by  the  parties 
to  whom  they  were  assigned,  (see  Gent. 
Mag.  vol.  xcin,  i.  037).  He  concluded 
by  humorously  observing  that,  "  if  these 
claims  were  given  up,  there  were  others 
which  could  yet  be  pressed.  The  lady 
had  two  strings  to  her  bow.  He  held  in 
his  hand  a  manifesto  of  the  Princess 
Olivia,  addressed  to  the  high  pow  ers  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Poland,  and  stating  that 
she  whs  descended  from  Stanislaus  Au- 
gustus!" 

From  this  time,  however,  the  Princess 
Olive  was  constrained  to  relinquish  her 
carnage  and  footmen  in  the  Royal  liveries, 
which  some  simple  tradesmen  had  permit- 
ted her  to  display, and  her  latter  years  were 
spent  in  obscurity  and  poverty  within  the 
rules  of  the  King's  Bench. 


Mus.  Hkmanb. 
May  Hi.  At  Dublin,  Airs.  F.  D.  lie- 
mans,  the  most  able  of  our  female  poets. 
For  the  following  memoir  of  her  history 
and  writings  we  are  indebted  to  tbe  *ilhc- 
tuinm, 

Felicia  Dorothea  Brown  was  born  at 
Liverpool,  in  the  house  now  occupied  by 
Mr.  Molyneux,  in  Duke  Street.  Her 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  her  mother 
a  German  lady — a  Miss  Warner — buL 
descended  from,  or  connected  with,  sonic 
Venetian  family,  a  circumstance  which 
Mrs.  Hemans  would  playfully  mention, 
as  accounting  for  the  strong  tinge  of 
romance  and  poetry  w  hich  pervaded  htr 
eharacter  from  her  earliest  childhood. 
When  she  was  very  young,  her  family  re- 
moved from  Liverpool  to  the  neighbour- 
hood of  St.  Asaph,  in  North  Wales. 

She  married  at  an  early  age  and  ber 

married  lite,  after  the  birth  of  five  sons, 
was  clouded  by  separation  from  her  hus- 
band. On  the  death  of  her  mother,  with 
whom  she  had  resided,  she  broke  up  ber 
establishment  in  Wales,  and  removed  to 
Wavertree,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Liver- 
pool— from  whence,  after  a  residence  of 
about  three  years,  she  again  removed  to 
Dublin, — her  last  resting-place. 

From  childhood,  her  thirst  for  know- 
ledge was  extreme,  and  her  reading  great 
and  varied.  Those  w  ho,  while  admitting 
the  high-toned  beauty  of  her  poetry,  ac- 
cused it  of  monotony  of  style  and  subject, 
(they  could  not  deny  to  it  the  praise  of 
originality,  seeing  that  it  founded  a  school 
of  imitators  in  England,  and  a  yet  larger 
in  America,)  little  knew  to  what  histori- 
cal research  she  had  applied  herself — how 
far  and  wide  she  had  sought  for  food  with 
which  to  fill  her  eager  mind.  It  is  true 
that  she  only  used  a  part  of  the  mass  of 

information  which  she  had  collected,  

for  she  never  wrote  on  calculation,  but 
from  the  strong  impulse  of  the  moment, 
and  it  was  her  nature  intimately  to  take 
home  to  herself  and  appropriate  only  what 
was  high-hearted,  imaginative,  and  refined . 
Her  knowledge  of  classic  literature,  how- 
ever, may  be  distinctly  traced  in  her 
*  Sceptic,'  her  •  Modern  Greece,'  and 
many  other  lyrics.  Her  study  und  ad- 
miration of  the  works  of  ancient  Greek 
and  Roman  art,  were  strengthened  into 
an  abiding  love  of  the  beautiful,  which 
breathes  both  in  the  sentiment  and  struc- 
ture of  every  line  she  w  rote  (for  there  aie 
few  of  our  poets  more  faultlessly  musical 
in  their  versification);  and  when,  subse- 
quently, she  opened  for  herself  the  trea- 
suries of  German  und  Spauish  legend  and 
literature,  how  thoroughly  she  had  imbued 
herself  with  their  spirit  may  be  seen  in 


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1835.] 


Obituary.— Afrs.  Hemans. 


95 


Hrr*  Siege  of  Valencia,*  in  her  glorious 
uwi  chivalric  4  Sui^s  of  the  (via?  and  in 
Her  '  Uvys  of  Many  I^ands,'  the  idea  of 
which  was  Mtgfce«ted  by  Herder  s  *  Stim- 
nien  der  Vulker  in  L.iedem.' 

But  though  her  ruimi  was  enriched  by 
her  vide  acquaintance  with  the  poetical 
and  historical  literature  of  other  countries, 
\\  possessed  a  strong  and  decidedly  marked 
character  of  its    own,    which  coloured 
all  her  product  ion* — a  character  which, 
though  anything  hut  feeble  or  sentimen- 
tal, was  essentially  feminine.     Her  im- 
agination was  rich,  chaste,  and  glowing; 
those  who  saw  only  its  published  fruits, 
little  guessed  at  the  extent  of  its  variety. 

It  is  difficult  to  enumerate  the  titles  of 
her  principal  works.    Her  first  childish 
effort*  were  published  when  she  was  only 
thirteen,  and  we  can  only  name  her  su!>- 
>equent  poems — *  Wallace,'  4  Dartmoor,* 
•  The  Restoration  of  the  Works  of  Art 
to  July,'  and  her   *  Dramatic  Scenes." 
These   were,  probably,  written  in  the 
happiest  period  of  her  life,  when  her  mind 
was  rapidly  developing  itself,  and  its  pro- 
gress was  aided  by  judicious  and  intelligent 
counsellors,  among  whom  may  be  men- 
tioned Bishop  Heber.    A  favourable  no- 
tice of  one  of  these  poems  will  be  found 
in  Lord  Byron's  Letters  ;  and  the  fame 
of  her  opening  talent  had  reached  Shelley, 
who  addressed  a  very  singular  correspon- 
dence to  her.    With  respect  to  the  world 
in  general,  her  name  began  to  be  known 
by  the  publication  of  her  '  Welsh  Melo- 
dies,' of  her  «  Siege  of  Valencia,'  and  the 
•scattered  lyrics  which  appeared  in  the 
New  Monthly  Magazine,  then  under  the 
direction  of  Campbell.     She  had  pre-  ■ 
viously  contributed  a  series  of  prose  papers, 
on    Foreign    Literature,  to  Constable's 
Edinburgh  Magazine,  which,  with  little 
exception,  are  the  only  specimens  of  that 
etyle  of  writing  ever  attempted  by  her. 
To  the  4  Siege  of  Valencia  '  succeeded 
rapidly,  her  *  Forest  Sanctuary,'  her  *  Re- 
cord* of  Woman',  (the  most  successful  of 
her  works.)  her  *  Songs  of  tbe  Affections', 
(containing,   perhaps,   her  finest  poem, 
•  The  Spirit's   Return*,)  her  4  National 
Lyrics  and  Songs  for  Music,'  (most  of 
which  have  been  set  to  music  by  her  sister, 
and  become  popular;,  and  her  «  Scenes 
and  Hymns  of  Life' 

We  "should  also  mention  her  tragedy, 
The  Vespers  of  Palermo,'  which,  though 
containing  many  fine  thoughts  and  mag- 
nificent bursts  of  poetry,  was  hardly  fitted 
'or  the  stage ;  and  the  songs  which  she 
contributed  to  Col.  Hodges'  4  Peninsular 
Melodies/ 

She  had  been  urged  by  a  friend  to  un- 
dertake a  prose  work,  and  a  series  of 
MrtisfjV  Novels,'  something  after  the 


manner  of  Tieek,  and  Goethe's  AW- 
Hoinanen.  as  likely  to  lie  congenial  to  her 
own  tastes  and  habits  of  mind,  and  to 
prove  most  acceptable  to  the  public. 

"  1  have  now,"  she  says,  (in  a  letter 
written  not  long  since),  **  passed  through 
the  feverish  and  somewhat  visionary  state 
of  mind  often  connected  with  the  passion- 
ate study  of  art  in  early  life;  deep  affec- 
tions, and  deep  sorrow*,  seem  to  have 
solemn  zed  my  whole  being,  and  I  now 
feel  as  if  bound  to  higher  and  holier  tasks, 
which,  though  I  may  occasionally  lay 
aside,  I  could  not  long' wander  from  with- 
out some  sense  of  dereliction.  I  hope  it 
is  no  self-delusion,  but  I  cannot  help 
sometimes  feeling  as  if  it  were  my  tme 
task  to  enlarge  l  he  sphere  of  Sacred  Poetry, 
and  extend  its  influence.  When  you  re- 
ceive my  volume  of 4  Scenes  and  Hymns,' 
you  will  see  what  I  mean  by  enlarging  its 
sphere,  though  my  plan  as  yet  is  very 
imperfectly  developed." 

In  private  life,  Mrs.  Hemans  was  re- 
markable for  shrinking  from  the  vulgar 
honours  of  Uouism,  with  all  the  quiet 
delicacy  of  a  gentlewoman ;  and  at  a  time 
when  she  was  courted  by  offers  of  friend- 
ship and  service,  and  homages  sent  to  her 
from  every  corner  of  Great  Britain  and 
America,  to  an  extent  which  it  is  necessary 
to  have  seen  to  believe,  she  was  never  so 
happy  as  when  she  could  draw  her  own 
small  circle  around  her,  and,  secure  in 
the  honest  sympathy  of  its  members,  give 
full  scope  to  the  powers  of  conversation, 
which  were  rarely  exerted  in  general 
society,  and  their  existence,  therefore, 
hardly  suspected.  It  will  surprise  many 
to  be  told,  that  she  might,  at  any  moment, 
have  gained  herself  a  brilliant  reputation 
as  a  wit,  for  her  use  of  illustration  and 
language  was  as  happy  and  quaint,  as  her 
fancy  was  quick  and  excursive;  but  she 
was,  wisely  for  her  own  peace  of  mind, 
anxious  rather  to  conceal  than  to  display 
these  talents.  Her  sensitiveness  on  this 
point,  prevented  her  ever  visiting  London 
after  her  name  had  become  celebrated  : 
and,  in  fact,  she  was  not  seldom  reproached 
by  her  zealous  friends  for  undervaluing, 
and  refusing  to  enjoy,  the  honours  which 
were  the  deserved  reward  of  her  high 
talents,  and  for  shutting  herself  up,  as  it 
were,  in  a  corner,  when  she  ought  to  have 
taken  her  place  in  the  world  of  society  as 
a  leading  star.  The  few  who  knew  "her 
will  long  remember  her  eager  child-like 
affection,  and  the  sincere  kindliness  with 
which,  while  she  threw  herselt  fully  and 
frankly  on  their  good  offices,  she  adopted 
their  interests  as  her  own. 

Her  health  had  for  many  years  been 
precarious  and  delicate:  the  illness  ot 
which  she  died  was  long  and  complicated, 


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96  Obituary.—  Dr.  Pinckard. — Richard  Sharp,  Esq.  [July, 


but,  from  the  first,  it*  close  was  foreseen ; 
and  we  know  from  those  in  close  con- 
nexion with  her,  that  ber  spirit  was  placid 
and  resolved,  and  that  she  looked  forward 
to  the  approach  of  the  last  struggle  with- 
out a  fear. 

GroacF.  Pivckahd,  M  D. 

May  \b.  In  Bloomsbury-square,  aged 
67,  George  Pinckard,  esq.  M.D.  Phy- 
sician to  the  Bloomsbury  Dispensary. 

Dr.  Pinckard  was  a  distinguished  mem- 
ber of  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  in 
extensive  private  practice.    In  early  life 
he  was  attached  to  the  medical  department 
of  the  army,  having  accompanied  the  ex- 
pedition of  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby  to  the 
West  Indies,  towards  the  close  of  the  last 
century,  as  Physician  to  the  Forces.  He 
was  afterwards  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Inspector- General  of  Hospitals  and  con- 
tinued for  many  years  to  superintend  the 
entire  medical  department  of  that  un- 
healthy station.    He  had  a  mind  enriched 
by  the  stores  of  literature,  and  was  the 
author  of  several  works.    Among  these, 
•  his  "  Notes  on  the  West  ludies,"  pub- 
lished in  three  octavo  volumes,  1806,  is 
regarded  as  a  production  of  standard  utility 
as  a  medical  guide  to  the  climate,  abound- 
ing in  original  and  intelligent  views  of  the 
state  of  society,  and  accurate  statistical 
information.     Dr.   Pinckard  was  the 
founder  of  the  Bloomsbury  Dispensary, 
and  continued  the  Physician  for  upwards 
of  thirty  years.    To  his  professional  ex- 
ertions and  unremitting  solicitude  for  its 
welfare,  that  charitable  institution  mainly 
owes  its  flourishing  state.    The  severe 
visitations  of  bodily  pain,  to  which  for  the 
last  ten  years  he  was  occasionally  subject 
by  the  disorder  which  so  abruptly  cut 
short  his  existence,  compelled  him  to 
relax  somewhat  in  the  number  of  his  per- 
sonal attendances  at  the  infirmary,  and  at 
the  bed-side  of  the  poor;  but  his  mind 
continued  to  the  last  to  watch  over  and 
promote  its  interests.     In  a  namphlet 
published  shortly  before  his  death,  he  has 
left  proofs  of  the  intelligence  of  his  mind, 
and  of  his  active  benevolence  in  the  cause 
of  the  poor. 

A  coroner's  jury  assembled  to  inquire 
into  the  circumstances  of  his  sudden  death. 
Dr.  Rchnrd  Pinckard,  his  nephew,  said  he 
resided  in  the  same  house  with  the  de- 
ceased, and  on  Friday  morning,  May 
15,  his  uncle  proceeded  to  take  break- 
fast, witness  reading  to  him  during  the 
time.  While  thus  engaged,  a  patient 
called,  and  Dr.  George  Pinckard  went 
down  stairs  to  him.  In  a  minute  or  two 
witness  heard  a  sound  as  if  something 
had  fallen  heavily,  and  shortly  afterwards 
the  bell  rang.  The  female  patient  who 
12 


had  called  on  the  deceased,  told  him,  that 
after  Dr.  Pinckard  had  examined  her 
throat,  he  turned  round  to  write  her  a 
rescription,  but  before  he  got  to  the  table 
c  fell  down,  and  in  less  than  two  minutes 
was  a  corpse.    Dr.  Williams  of  Bedford - 
lace,  and  Dr.  Moore  of  Lincoln's-!  nn- 
elds,  deposed  that  they  were  present  at 
the  examination  of  the  body,  and  tbey  had 
ascertained  that  the  deceased  laboured 
under  a  disease  termed  angina  pectoris  for 
a  considerable  length  of  time.  They 
found  partial  ossification  in  the  vessels 
about  the  heart,  and  also  inflammation  of 
the  aorta.    The  jurv  returned  a  verdict 
of  "  Died  by  the  visitation  of  God." 

Dr.  Pinckard  was  married  June  27, 
1617,  to  Miss  Eastwood. 


Richard  Sharp,  Esq. 

March  30.  At  Dorchester,  on  his  road 
from  Torquay  to  London,  aged  76. 
Richard  Sharp,  esq.  of  Park-lane,  and 
Miekleham,  KR.S.  and  S.A. ;  agentle- 
man  well  known  in  the  literary  world  as 
44  Conversation  Sharp." 

Though  a  great  part  of  his  b'fc  was 
spent  in  the  superintendence  of  extensive 
commercial  concerns,  of  which  the  respon- 
sibility rested  on  himself  alone,  he  made 
such  good  use  of  his  leisure,  as  to  merit 
and  receive  the  title  of  a  man  of  letters, 
not  the  least  distinguished  of  his  time. 

His  "  Letters  and  Essays  in  Prose  and 
Verse,"  recently  published,  show  that,  if 
he  had  more  exclusively  devoted  himself 
to  study  and  composition,  he  might  have 
taken  a  high  station  among  our  moral 
philosophers  and  moral  poets.    His  taste 
and  judgment  were  so  correct,  that  Sir 
James  Mackintosh,  who  was  well  ac- 
quainted with  him,  said  that  Mr.  Sharp 
was  the  best  critic  he  had  ever  known. 
His  advice,  which  was  equally  valuable 
in  matters  of  speculation  and  of  practice, 
was  alw  ays  at  the  service  of  his  friends, 
in  whose  reputation  and  success  in  life  he 
never  failed  to  take  a  lively  and  a  gener- 
ous interest.    He  was  not  less  distin- 
guished by  his  benevolence  and  kindness 
of  heart,  than  by  his  powers  of  conversa- 
tion.   At  the  general  election  of  1806,  he 
was  returned  to  Parliament  for  Castle 
Rising;,  for  which  he  sat  till  1812,  and 
was  afterwards  chosen  for  Portarlington, 
for  which  borough,  we  believe,  he  sat  until 
1820.    In  politics  he  was  in  principle  a 
steady  and  consistent  Whig ;  and  though* 
he  had  latterly  retired  from  Parliament,  no 
one  was  more  watchful  of  political  events, 
or  more  anxious  for  the  extension  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty,  and  the  improvtnent 
of  the  moral  condition  and  happiness  of 
society.    Mr.  Sharp  has  left  behind  him 
upwards  of  230,000/.  He  has  bequeathed 


i; 


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1635.1    Obituary. — Sir  G.  Tuthill,  M.D.—Wm.  Blanchard. 


97 


to  Mis*  Ki  nnaird,  liis  niece,  to  whom  he 
to  most  affectionately  attached,  150,000/, 
ind  he  has  fairly  distributed  100,000/. 
sarong  his  other  nieces  and  nephews. 

Sir  G forge  Tuthill,  M.D. 
April  1.  In  Cavendish -square.  Sir 
George  Tuthill,  Knt.  M.  D.  Fellow  of 
the  College  of  Physicians.  He  was  of 
Cmu*  College,  Cambridge ;  in  1794  was 
fifth  Wrangler;  and  was  subsequently 
fleeted  to  present  a  University  address  to 
the  King. 

Sir  George  TutbilTs  entrance  upon  his 
professional  career  was  considerably  pro- 
tracted, owing  to  an  untoward  circum- 
stance, from  which  he  was  somewhat 
nMnantically  delivered.  Previous  to  the 
*ir  with  France,  having  proceeded  to 
Paris,  he  was,  with  his  lady,  included 
wnong  the  numerous  detenm  at  that 
period.  When  he  had  continued  in 
captivity  for  some  years,  Lady  Tuthill 
**s  at  length  recommended  to  appeal 
to  the  generosity  of  the  First  Consul ; 
and,  being  provided  with  a  petition,  she 
encountered  Napoleon  and  his  suite  on 
their  return  from  hunting,  and  respect- 
folly  presented  her  memorial.  The  result 
was  propitious,  and  in  a  few  days  they 
were  on  their  road  to  England. 

This  accomplished  physician  was  for 
many  years  attached  to  Bethlem  and  the 
Westminster  Hospitals,  and  was  highly 
(Meemed  by  his  professional  brethren  for 
hi*  extensive  professional  acquirements, 
*od  general  erudition.  Under  a  cold  ex- 
terior, Sir  George  Tuthill  carried  a  very 
warm  heart,  and  was  much  beloved  by 
his  patients  and  friends — he  was  pecu- 
liarly straightforward  in  his  transactions, 
and  was  always  actuated  by  the  finest 
feelings  of  a  gentleman  and  honourable 
man.  His  friendship  was  not  readily 
given;  h  was  never  slightly  withdrawn. 
Sir  George  was  strictly  a  sententious 
speaker— he  spoke  in  quick,  short  sen- 
tences, seldom  uttering  a  word  more  than 
the  occasion  required,  or  omitting  one 
that  was  necessary.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  lecturer  on  the  practice  of  phyBic, 

» and,  at  one  time,  boasted  the  largest 
class  in  London ;  of  late,  his  practice  had 
been  chiefly  devoted  to  diseases  of  the 
brain,  and  bis  name  has  usually  been  in- 
cluded among  the  evidences  in  the  Com- 
Bntoons  dt  lunaiico  inquirtndo.    He  was 
appointed  to  deliver  the  Harveian  oration 
•t  the  College  of  Physicians,  on  the  25th 
of  June,  and  with  his  friends  Sir  Henry 
Halford  and  lately   deceased  colleague 
Ik.  Alston,  was  actively  engaged  in  effect- 
ing such  wholesome   reforms  in  the 
College  as  he  deemed  the  improvement  in 
the  present  state  of  medical  science  had 
Gext.  Mac;,  Vol.  IV. 


rendered  necessary.  He  was,  however, 
a  firm  opponent  to  radicalism  in  the 
profession. 

Sir  G.  L.  Tuthill  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood,  April  28,    1820.  Sir 
George's  malady  was  inflammation  of  the 
larynx— his  medical  attendants  were  Sir 
H.  Hal  ford,  Dr  Warren,  Dr.  Watson,  and 
Mr.  Laurence.    Mr.  Knox,  of  the  West- 
minster Hospital, alsosat  up  with  him.  He 
died  after  an  illness  of  10  days.  His  fune- 
ral took  place  on  the  1-lth  April  at  St. 
Alban's.    Many  individuals  of  rank  w  ere 
desirous  of  paying  the  last  sad  token  of 
respect  to  his  memory;  but  Mr.  Basil 
Montagu,  his  executor,  directed  that  his 
funeral  .should  be  strictly  private,  in  obedi- 
ence to  the  wishes  of  Sir  George,  who 
was  known  to  have  an  aversion  to  the 
pomp  and  show  of  mourning.    He  has 
left  a  widow  and  daughter. 

His  library,  containing  a  good  collection 
of  books  in  medical,  botanical,  and  mis- 
cellaneous literature,  was  sold  by  Messrs. 
Sotbeby  on  the  26lb  and  27th  of  June. 


Mr.  William  Blanchard. 

May  9.  At  Chelsea,  aged  66,  Mr. 
William  Blanchard,  the  eminent  comedian. 

He  was  a  native  of  York,  where  he  was 
brought  up  by  an  uncle,  the  printer  of 
one  of  the  newspapers,  who  apprenticed 
him  to  the  same  business.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen,  however,  be  left  home  to  join 
a  company  of  comedians  at  Buxton,  in 
Derbyshire,  then  under  the  management 
of  Mr.  Welsh.  He  made  his  debut  under 
the  assumed  name  of  Bentley,  in  the  part 
of  Allen  a  Dale  in  Robin  Hood,  and  a 
favourable  reception  induced  him  to  pur- 
sue his  theatrical  career.  His  success 
continuing,  he  was  induced  after  a  year  or 
two  to  appear  in  bis  proper  name,  and 
performed  some  of  the  most  usual  tragic 
characters, as  Romeo, young  Norral,  Barn- 
well, &c. 

When  he  bad  attained  the  age  of 
twenty,  he  became  a  manager  on  his  own 
account,  and  opened  theatres  at  Penrith 
in  Cumberland,  Hexham  in  North  umbea? 
land,  and  Barnard  Castle  and  Bishop's 
Auckland  in  Durham,  After  a  few  sen- 
sons  he  relinquished  management  a  poorer 
man  than  when  he  commenced. 

In  1793  he  was  engaged  by  Mr.  Brun. 
ton,  for  the  Norwich  company;  in  which 
he  had  abundant  opportunities  for  the 
display  of  bis  talents.  In  particular  bia 
performance  of  rustic  characters,  old  men, 
smart  servants,  sailors,  &c.  obtained  him 
some  appluuse,  and  rendered  him  an  estab- 
lished favourite  throughout  that  circuit, 
liis  increasing  reputation  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  managers  of  Covent  Gar- 
den, who  at  once  engaged  him  for  five 


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98 


O  n  i  t  i: a  r  y . — C  Icrgtj  De ceased. 


[July. 


years  commencing  with  the  9eason  of 
1800.  On  the  first  of  Oct.  he  made  his 
first  bow  to  a  London  audience,  in  the 
characters  of  Acres  in  the  Rivals  and 
Crack  in  the  Turnpike-gate. 

His  correct  delineation  of  the  numerous 
characters  which  he  successively  assumed 
in  play,  farce,  nnd  opera,  made  him  an 
universal  favourite.  His  Fluellen,  Me- 
nenius,  Polonius,  Pistol,  Sir  Andrew 
Aguecheek,  Sir  Hugh  Evans,  and  many 
others,  were  evidences  of  the  soundness 
of  his  judgment  and  versatility  of  his 
talents. 

Mr.  Blanchard  was  twice  married,  and 
hud  several  children.  His  health,  neither 
benefited  by  poverty,  misfortune,  nor  seek- 
ing means  to  forget  them,  had  been  for  some 
time  impaired.  On  the  Tuesday  previous 
to  his  death,  he  dined  at  Hammersmith, 
and  about  6  in  the  evening  quitted  his 
friends  for  his  residence  at  Chelsea.  On 
his  way,  he  must  have  had  a  tit  and  fallen 
into  a  ditch,  from  which  it  appears  tbat 
he  could  not  extricate  himself  until  nearly 
3  o'clock  in  the  morning.  On  the  day 
after,  he  got  up  and  shaved  himself,  but 
in  the  course  of  the  evening  was  visited 
by  another  severe  fit,  which  was  succeeded 
by  one  on  the  Thursday,  still  more  violent, 
and  on  the  following  day  he  died.  His 
remains  were  interred  in  the  burial- 


year  ;  The  Origin  and  Importance  of 
Life,  at  Northampton,  and  at  Carshal- 
ton,  for  the  Royal  Humane  Society, 
1789;  Christian  Politics,  or  the  Origin 
of  Power  and  the  Grounds  of  Subor- 
dination, at  Northampton  1792;  The 
Sin  of  Wastefulness,  at  St.  Vedest,  Fos- 
ter-lane, 1796;  Deliverance  from  our 
Enemies,  at  the  Thanksgiving,  1797; 
Tbe  Faithful  Soldier  and  True  Chris- 
tian, and  The  Miseries  of  Rebellion 
considered,  two  sermons  at  Northampton, 
1798;  The  Difference  between  the 
Death  of  the  Righteous  and  the  Wicked, 
illustrated  in  tbe  instances  of  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson  and  David  Hume,  esq.  before 
the  University  of  Oxford,  1806. 

April  15.  At  Stoke,  Plymouth,  tbe 
Rev.  Robert  Turner,  M.A. 

April  20.  At  Lopen,  near  Crewkeme, 
aged  85,  the  Rev.  John  Ternpleman. 

April  21 .  Aged  67,  the  Rev.  J.  Floekton, 
Vicar  of  Shernbourne,  Norfolk,  to  which 
he  was  collated  in  1831,  by  the  Bp.  of  Ely. 

April  21.  Aged  67,  the  Rev.  Thomat 
Mean,  Rector  of  All  Saints'  and  St.  Law- 
rence's, and  Vicar  of  St.  John's,  South- 
ampton. He  was  of  Wadham  college, 
Oxford,  M.A.  1792.  He  had  performed 
his  clerical  duties  in  Southampton  for 
upwards  of  forty  years ;  but  was  pre- 
sented to  the  livings  by  the  Lord  Chan- 


ground  of  Chelsea  New  Church,  attended  cellor,  in  the  year  1817.  Tbe  rectory  of 
to  their  final  resting-place  by  his  youngest  All  Saints  will  in  future  be  held  distinct 
son,  aged  15;  Mr.  Fearman,  his  son -in-  from  that  of  St.  Lawrence, 
law ;  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Hsrrold  ;  April  26.  At  Teignmouth,  aged  76,  the 
Mr.  Fisher,  father  of  Miss  Clara  Fisher ;  Rev.  George  ForUscue,  Rector  of  St. 
Mr.  W.  Evans,  Mr.  Thomas  Grieve,  Mellion,  and  St.  Pcnnick,  in  Cornwall, 
Mr.  Drinkwater  Meadows,  Mr.  F.  Mat-  to  the  latter  of  which  churches  he  was 
thew9,  Mr.  Warner,  and  Mr.  Tilbury,  presented  in  1789,  and  to  the  former  in 
All  the  members  of  the  dramatic  corps  1793.  He  was  of  Merton  College,  Ox- 
would,  from  the  high  esteem  they  enter-  ford,  B.C.L.  1785. 
tained  for  pour  Blanchard,  have  attended  April  27.  At  Thorpe,  Surrey,  aged  66. 
bis  obsequies,  bad  not  his  own  particular  the  Rev.  John  Leigh  Bennett,  Vicar  of 
relations  wished  the  ceremony  to  be  per-  that  parish.  He  was  of  Braze-nose 
formed  as  privately  as  possible.  He  was  college,  Oxford,  M.A.  1796;  and  was 
fortunately  a  very  old  member  of  the  Co-  presented  to  Thorpe  in  1806,  by  the 
vent-garden  Theatrical  Fund,  and  hence  Lord- Chancellor.  The  death  of  his 
his  widow  will  receive  for  life  an  annuity  youngest  son  is  noticed  in  p.  101. 
of  40/.  per  annum.  April  29.  At  Antingham,  Norfolk, 
There  is  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Blanchard  (found  hanging  in  bis  school- roomj^the 


in  the  European  Magazine  for  July  1817. 

Clergy  Deceased. 
March  26.  In  Upper  Gower-strcet, 
aged  77,  the  Rev.  William  Abutter,  for- 
merly Chaplain  and  Secretary  to  the 
Asylum  for  Female  Orphans.  He  was 
of  Magdalene  college,   Oxford,  M.A. 


Rev.  John  Hubbard,  Vicar  of  Little  Hor- 
stead,  to  which  Church  he  was  instituted 
in  1823  on  his  own  presentation. 

At  Dewsbury,  Yorkshire,  aged  56.  the 
Rev.  John  Iluckworlh,  Vicar  of  that  parish. 
He  was  o  f  St.  Edmund  hall,  Oxford. 
M.A.  1810,  and  was  presented  to  Dews- 
bury  in  1807  by  the  Lord  Chancellor, 


1791 ;  and  published  the  following  ser-  having  pieviously  laboured  for  two  years 

inons :     The  Abolition  of  the  Slave  as  Curate  of  tbat  extensive  parish. 

Trade  considered  in  a  Religious  Point  of  April  29.    At  Morden,  Surrey,  aged 

View,  preached  at  Oxford,  1788;   On  the  90,  the  Rev.  John  Withcrington  Pe*r'i 

death  of  bis  friend,  the  celebrated  Rev.  D.C.L.  more  than  57  years  Rector  ot 

John  Henderson,  at  Bristol,  the  same  that  parish,  and  for  65  years  incumbent  oi 


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Obituary 


99 


CwAehampton,  co  Oxford.  He  survived 
t w  days  his  great- grandson,  J.  Wither. 
mum.  onlv  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Wi- 
:^ntigton  1?ccrs,  Curate  of  Old  Shore. 
;  n>.  Hewn*  of  Merton  Coll.  Oxford, 
M.A.  1770,  D.C.L.  1778;  was  pre- 
^Tited  to  both  the  churches  above  named 
by  C.  Peers,  esq. 

^  April  $\  At  Clare  Hall,  Hants,  aged 
*6,  the  Uev.  sindrev  Sharp,  Vicar  of 
Bambrougb,  Northumberland,  to  which 
Caurch  he  was  presented  in  1792  by  the 
trustees  of  Lord  Crewe's  charity. 

May  2.  At  the  residence  of  his  mo- 
ther, I^exden,  near  Colchester,  aged  36, 
'Jte  Rev.  Harvey  Bowtrec*  of  Gorleston, 
Suffolk,  He  was  of  Trin.  coll.  Camb. 
B.A  1815,  M  A.  1818. 

May  4.    At  Newark  upon  Trent,  aged 
the  Rev.  Itliiiam  Bartlctt,  Vicar  of 
Newark  and  East  Stoke.    He  was  the 
£rauid>on  of  John  Bartlctt,  esq.  formerly 

Cortin  Deuham,  co.  Dorset,  and  an  al- 
dennan  of  Bristol.  He  was  of  St.  John's 
coll.  Oxf.  M.  A.  1811,  aud  was  presented 
in  the  same  year  to  Newark  by  the  King, 
*nd  to  East  Stoke  by  the  Dean  and 
tbapter  of  Lincoln.  He  has  left  a  large 
family. 

May  V  Aged  63,  the  Rev.  Charles 
CWi,  Rector  of  Overton  Longueville, 
Hants.  He  was  of  Su  John's  coll.  Camb. 
B  D.  1811;  was  for  several  years  Curate 
of  Tbiselton  in  Rutlandshire ;  and  was 
presented  to  Overton  Longueville  in 
i<£6  by  the  Earl  of  Aboyne. 

-Way  6.  At  North  Meols,  Lancashire, 
the  Rev.  Gilbert  Ford,  Rector  of  that 
parish.  He  was  of  Wadbam  coll.  Oxf. 
ALA.  1798;  and  was  presented  to  his 

bring  in  1799  by  Ford,  M.D. 

Af«y  9.    At  Craike,  Durham,  aged  35, 
the  Kev  Powtll  Colchester  GuUe,  Rector 
of  that  parish,  aud  Vicar  of  Elmore  and 
Longncy,  Glouc.  brother  to  Sir  John 
Wright  Guise,  Bt.  K  C.B.    He  was  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  M.  A.  1804  ;  was 
presented  to  Craike  in  1818  by  the  late 
Bishop  Harrington,  to  Elmore  by  his 
brother,  and  to  Longney  bv  the  Lord 
ChancdJor.    He  married  Oct.  13.  1808, 
M*ria,  second  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Clifford, 
of  Fraropton  Court,  co.  Glouc.  esq  and 
had  issue  William -Christopher,  who  died 
J*b  2, 1834,  »t.  22,  and  other  children. 
May  20.     At  Freckenbam,  Suffolk, 
51,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Tillbrook,  Rec- 
tw of  that  parish.   He  was  formerly  Fel- 
low of  Peterhouse,   Camb.  where  he 
Ousted  B  A.    1806   as  6th  Senior 
Optine,  M.A.  1809,  B.D.  1816.  He 
**«  presented  to  Freckenbam  bv  his  col- 
fe?ein  1829,  and  married  on  the  15th  Dec. 
tut  year,  Frances  fourth  dau.  of  John 
esq.  of  Tiliiiigton,  Sussex. 


May  21 .  At  Grassby,  co.  Lincoln,  aped 
50,  the  Rev.  Wm.  H niton  Wilkinson,  Vicar 
of  that  parish  and  Kirmington.  He  was 
of  Trin.  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1811,  as  17th 
Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1814;  was  pre- 
sented to  both  his  livings  in  1812,  to 
Grassby  by  Mrs.  Wilkinson,  and  to  Kir- 
mington  by  Lord  Yarborougli. 

May  27.  At  the  rectory,  Bangor,  aged 
75.  the  Rev.  Maurice  Wynnr,  LL.D.  of 
Llwyn, co.  Denbigh,  thel.tst  male  descend 
ant  of  the  house  of  Gwvdir.  He  was  of 
Jesus  coll.  Oxf.  B.C.'L.  1790,  D.C.L. 
1798;  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of 
Great  Wenloek  in  1793  by  Sir  W.  W. 
Wynne,  Bart,  to  Bangor  in  1798  by  P.  L. 
Fletcher,  esq.  and  to  the  chapelry  of  Over- 
ton in  the  same  year  by  Earl  Grosvenor. 

DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Fcb.li.  Aged  90,  retired  commander 
John  Mavcr,  R.N. 

April's.  At  Woolwich, aged  15, crashed 
under  u  great  iron  roller  which  was  being 
drawn  by  fifty  boys,  Mr.  Onslow,  a  cadet 
of  the  Royal  Military  Academy. 

May  6.  At  Avenue-road,  Reccnt's- 
park,  aged  65,  Rear-Adm.  John  Mason 
Lewis,  on  the  superannuated  list.  He 
served  as  a  Lieut,  of  the  Queen  98,  in 
Howe's  action  of  June  1,  1794;  after- 
wards commanded  the  Snake  sloop  of 
war;  and  obtained  post  rank,  Jan.  1, 
1801.  He  was  for  many  years  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  Navy,  successively  re- 
sident at  Antigua,  Bermuda,  and  Malta. 

May  12.  At  Winchmore-hill,  aged  28, 
William  Charles  Haynes,  esq.  only  son  of 
the  late  Wm.  Haynes,  esq.  of  kibwurth 
Harcourt,  Leic. 

May  16.  At  Kensington,  aged  72,  Mr. 
Richard  Harris,  formerly  printer  of  The 
Sun  newspaper,  and  for  many  years  clerk 
and  publisher  of  The  London  Gazette. 

May  18.  At  Bernard-st.  aged  22,  Laun- 
celot,  fourth  sou  of  John  Barrow,  esq.  of 
Wediuorc,  Som. 

May  20.  Aged  17,  Caroline- Georgians, 
eldest  dau.  of  Francis  Willes,  esq.  of 
Gloucester,  place. 

May  22.  At  Camberwell,  aged  80,  Ca- 
therine, the  wife  of  J.  Ward,  esq. 

May  23  At  Saville-row,  aged  80,  Ro- 
bert Snow,  esq.  of  the  house  of  Messrs. 
Snow  and  Paul,  bankers,  Temple  Bar. 

At  Clapham-common,  aged  83,  Mary, 
widow  of  Ebenezer  Maitland,  esq. 

Mail  25.  In  Sloane-at.  Sarah,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  T.  R.  Wrench,  Rector  of  St. 
Michael's,  Cornhill. 

May  29.  At  Denmark-hill,  Ann,  wife 
of  Wm.  Manfield,  esq. 

May  30.    In  Devonshire- place,  aged 


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Obituary. 


[July, 


45,  George  Thornton  Bayley,  esq.  of  the 
civil  service  on  the  Bengal  Establishment. 

May  31.  Aged  81,  J.  A.  Myers,  esq. 
first  Secondary  in  the  Remembrancer's 
office. 

June  2.  In  London -street,  Fitzroy- 
square,  Sarah,  widow  of  Cupt.  W.  Story. 

June'S.  At  Walcott  place,  Lambeth, 
aged  74,  John  Rush  Cutbbert,  escj. 

June  4.  At  Clapham,  aged  17,  Emilia- 
Sophia,  third  dau.  of  J.  Thornton,  esq. 

June  6.  In  the  Wandsworth -rond, 
aged  75,  James  Denison,  esq.  founder 
and  father  of  the  Commercial  Traveller's 
Society. 

June  8.  In  Green-st.  Grosvenor-sq. 
aged  87,  G.  W.  Smyth,  esq. 

Aged  90,  R.  Fisher,  esq.  of  Alders- 
gate-street  and  Mitcham. 

In  Hertford- st.  May-fair,  aged  5,  Cra- 
dock  Trevor  Zacchia,  youngest  child  of 
Benjamin  Hall,  esq.  M.P. 

June  10.  In  Park-place,  Regent's- 
park,  John  Eames,  esq. 

At  Clapham,  in  her  86th  year,  Marga- 
ret, relict  of  Andrew  Van  Yzendoorn, 
esq.  of  Mount-row,  Lambeth,  and  for- 
merly of  Rotterdam.  Also  June  12th, 
in  Burton -crescent,  aged  23  years,  Fre- 
derick Herman  Arnold  Bicker  Caarten, 
esq.  her  grandson,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Adrian  Herman  Bicker  Caarten,  esq. 

June  11.  At  the  house  of  her  son-in- 
law,  the  Rev.  Josiah  Pratt,  in  Finsbury- 
circus,  aged  87,  the  widow  of  J.  Jowett, 
esq.  of  Newington. 

June  hi.  At  Saville-row,  Margaret, 
widow  of  T.  Brent,  esq. 

June  23.  At  the  house  of  her  son. 
in-law  Mr.  Baron  Alderson,  Caroline, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Edw.  Drewe,  of 
Broad  Herobury,  Devon. 

By.uks  —June  2.  Mr.  P.  B.  Dal  ton, 
of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge.  Ac- 
companied by  his  elder  brother,  Mr.  C. 
Browne  Dal  ton,  Fellow  of  Wad  bam  coll. 
Oxford,  he  ascended  the  Thames  from 
Eton  in  a  two-oared  boat,  and  on  arriving 
at  Maidenhead  Weir,  proceeded  to  bathe 
in  the  pool  near  Boulter's  Lock.  While 
swimming  within  a  short  distance  of  one 
another,  the  younger  brother  suddenly 
became  exhausted,  and  sank,  in  spite  of 
the  utmost  exertions  of  the  elder,  and  when 
his  body  was  recovered,  life  was  extinct. 

Cambbiooe. — May  29.  At  Cambridge, 
in  her  82d  year,  Mrs.  Pearce,  widow  of 
the  Very  Rev.  Dr.  William  Pearce, 
Dean  of  Ely,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Walter  Sercold,  of  Cherry hinton. 

Lately.  At  Queen's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, after  a  short  illness,  aged  22,  Wus- 
tel  Brisco,  esq.  youngest  son  of  Sir 
Wastel  Brisco,  Bart,  of  Crofton  Hall, 
Cumberland. 


Cornwall. — May  21.  At  Shilling"- 
ham,  Henry- Spry,  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Edward  Bennett,  esq.  of  Exeter,  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Rev.  William  Spry, 
Hector  of  Endellion. 

Lately.  At  Penzance,  J.  Armstrong, 
esq.  late  Major  5th  Dragoon  Guards. 

Derby. — May  16.  At  Edensor,  Flo- 
rence, sixth  daughter  of  the  Rev.  R. 
Smith,  and  sister  to  Mrs.  Airy,  of  the 
Observatory,  Cambridge. 

At  Hayheld,  aged  104,  Aaron  Ash  ton. 
He  was  born  in  a  cottage  on  the  estate  of 
Aspensbaw,  and  he  recollected  going  to 
Manchester  with  his  father,  in  1745,  to 
see  the  rebel  army.  At  the  age  of  20  he 
enlisted,  and  was  a  soldier  for  28  years ; 
and  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill  re- 
ceived a  wound  from  the  same  shot  which 
wounded  Major  Shuttleworth,  of  Hether- 
soge.  Within  a  few  months  of  his  death 
this  old  patriarch  continued  to  walk  about, 
and  enjoyed  good  health  and  all  his  facul- 
ties nearly  to  the  last. 

Devon. — May  18.  At  Exeter,  aged 
72,  John  Neave,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late 
Sir  Richard  Neave,  and  brother  to  the  pre- 
sent Baronet.  He  was  formerly  Judge  at 
Tirhoot  and  Chief  Judge  of  Benares, 
both  in  Bengal.  He  married  Sept.  9, 
1789,  Catharine,  dau.  of  Col.  Smith  of 
Ireland,  by  whom  he  had  issue  three  dau. 
and  three  sons:  Anna- Frances;  Caroline- 
Mary,  married  in  1819  to  the  Rev.  Win. 
Cook  son,  Vicar  of  Huncerford;  Eliza, 
married  in  1817  to  John  Milford  of 
Exeter,  esq. ;  John,  Judge  and  magistrate 
at  Allyghur  in  Bengal;  Robert,  magis- 
trate and  collector  of  revenue  at  Delhi ; 
and  Edgar. 

May '20.  At  Hall,  in  the  parish  of 
Bishop's  Taw  ton,  aged  82,  Charles  Chi- 
chester, esq.  for  many  years  an  active  and 
intelligent  Justice  or  the  Peace  in  this 
county. 

May  26.  At  Hfracombe,  William 
Shepherd,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sa- 
ville  William  Shepherd,  esq.  of  Coxside, 
Plymouth. 

Dorset. — May  8.  At  Parnham,  Lt. 
Og lander,  of  the  Scots  Fusileer  Guards 
youngest  son  of  Sir  W.  Oglander,  Bart, 
and  grandson  of  the  Duke  of  Grafton. 

May  30.  At  Sutton,  Tichborne 
Doughty,  only  son  of  Edward  Doughty, 
esq.  of  Upton  House,  near  Poole,  Dorset. 

Lately.  Near  Weymouth,  Lieut.- Gen. 
Powell,  of  the  E.  I.  Co.'s  service. 

June  3.  Aged  6,  Florence- Lucy- Hut- 
chinson, youngest  twin  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Ralph  Hutchinson  Simpson,  M.A. 
of  Trinity  coll.  Cambridge. 

Essex.— June  14,  Anthony  Merry, 
esq.  of  Dedham -house. 


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Obituary. 


101 


VUkto.— May  13.  At  Ryde,  aped  18, 
Eliiabeth  Sophia,  last  surviving  child  of 
the  late  E.  Percivul,  M.B.  of  Bath. 

May  21.  Susannah,  the  wife  of  H. 
T.  Tirason,  esq.  of  Tachbury  Mount. 

May  28.  At  Cowes  the  Right  Hon. 
Mary  dowager  Lady  Kirkcudbright,  wife 
of  Robert  Davis,  esq.  R  N. 

June  6.  At  Southampton,  aged  74, 
James  Byrn,  esq. 

Herts. — May2\.  At  Pishobury,  aged 
78%  Rose,  only  daughter  and  heiress  of 
tbe  late  E.  Gardiner,  esq.  of  Pishobury, 
and  widow  of  J.  Miles,  esq. 

Huntingdon.— May  19.  At  Kim- 
bolton,  Susanna,  widow  of  Cha.  Cut  field, 
esq.  of  Midburst. 

Kent. — May  23.  At  Ramsgate,  aged 
73,  Mary,  widow  of  C.  Pratt,  esq.  of 
Tottenham. 

May  27.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Do- 
rothea, relict  of  R.  Scott,  esq.  of  Lichfield. 

May  30.  Charles.  Anna,  wife  of  Col. 
H.  Cuyler,  District  Paymaster,  Chatham. 

June  3.  Aged  51,  J.  Webster,  esq. 
of  Sboulden-bouse.  near  Deal. 

Jane  4  At  Lewisbam,  aged  60,  Mary, 
wife  of  Sam.  Cowper  Brown,  esq.  F.S.  A. 

At  Greenwich,  at  an  advanced  age, 
Dame  Mary  Bate  Dudley,  relict  of  Rev. 
Sir  Henry  Bate  Dudley.  Bart.  She  was 
tbe  2d  dau.  of  James  White,  esq.  of  Ber- 
ral,  co.  Somerset. 

Jnne  7.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged 
56,  Major- General  F.  Hepburn,  late  of 
tbe  3rd  regiment  of  Foot  Guards. 

June  9.  Joseph  Foster,  esq.  of  Brom- 
ley, a  distinguished  Member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  and  the  indefatigable 
coadjutor  of  Joseph  Lancaster,  in  the 
cause  of  popular  instruction. 

Lancashire. — June  2.  At  Belle-vue, 
near  Liverpool,  J.  Philips,  esq.  Lieut. 
R.N.  eldest  and  only  surviving  son  of  the 
late  John  L.  Phillips,  esq.  of  Mayfield, 
near  Manchester. 

Middlesex. — June  12.  Aged  83,  John 
Harvey,  esq.  of  Teddington. 

Norfolk.  —  May  26.  At  Norwich, 
aged  90,  Barnabas  Leman,  esq. 

June  7.  At  Narford-hall,  in  his  65th 
year,  Andrew  Fountaine,  esq. 

Northamptonshire.  —  May  26.  At 
GuiUborough-bail,  Mary,  wife  of  W. 
Z.  L.  Ward,  esq.  and  heiress  to  the  late 
Woodford  Lam  be,  esq.  of  Addington. 

Oxon. — May  15.  At  Launton,  aged 
83,  Bridget,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Browne,  Prebendary  of  Wells  and  Rec- 
tor of  Launton. 

May  20.  At  Oxford,  Sarah,  wife  of 
James  Adey  Ogle,  esq.  M.D.  leaving  a 
fmilyof  nine  young  children. 

Map  22.  At  bis  brother's  at  Heading, 
ton,  aged  57,  "W.  H.  Whorwood,  esq.  a 
Commander  R.N.  (1808). 


Somerset. — April  25.  At  Bath,  Maj.. 
Gen.  Sampson  rreeth.  Appointed  Lt. 
llltb  foot  1794,  Capt.  Liverpool  reg. 
1795,  in  26th  dragoons  1796,  Major  1800, 
in  96tb  foot  1807.  brevet  Lieut.- Col. 
IN (8,  Major  2d  W.  I.  Regt.  1808,  h.  p. 
15th  foot  1809,  Col.  1814,  and  Major- 
Gen.  1825.  He  was  for  some  years 
Inspecting  Field  Officer  of  the  Liverpool 
recruiting  district. 

May  22.  At  Bath,  aged  58,  Mary,  wife 
of  J.  H.  Hele  Phipps,  esq.  of  Leighton 
House,  near  Westbury,  Wilts. 

May  25.  At  the  house  of  her  brother 
the  Rev.  John  Bayley,  at  Chilthorne 
Domer,  aged  66,  Ann  Bayley,  dau.  of  the 
late  B.  Bayley,  esq.  of  Kcyford,  near 
Frome. 

May  28.  At  Bath,  Sarah- Eliza,  widow 
of  Lieut. -Col.  Noble,  67th  reg. 

May  30.  At  Crowcombe,  aged  52, 
William  Bucknell,  esq. 

June  2.  At  Bath,  Mrs.  Mary. Anne 
Curteis,  sister-in-law  to  Tristram  Whit, 
ter,  esq.  M.  D.  and  first  cousin  to  the  late 
E.  J.  Curteis,  esq.  M.P.  for  Sussex,  of 
whom  a  memoir  was  given  in  our  May 
number. 

Suffolk.  —  April  20.  At  Ipswich, 
aged  52,  Louiaa,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  T. 
Nottage,  Rector  of  St.  Helen's  and  St. 
Clement's. 

June  2.  At  Chelsworth,  Ellen,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  H.  S.  Pocklington,  esq. 
of  Tyrllandwr. 

June  14.  At  Ipswich,  aged  90,  J.  Cob- 
bold,  esq.  of  Holywells,  near  that  town. 

Surrey—  Feb.  21.  At  Croydon,  Jo- 
seph Bordwine,  esq.  Professor  of  Forti- 
fication to  Addiscombe  college. 

May  28.  At  the  house  of  his  sister 
Mrs  Henry  Wyndbam,  near  Ripley, 
aged  34,  Lieut-Col.  Charles  Henry  So- 
merset, Lieut.  Col.  of  tbe  1st  Dragoons, 
nephew  to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort.  He 
was  tbe  2d  son  of  the  late  Lord  Charles 
Somerset,  by  his  first  wife,  tbe  Hon.  Eli- 
zal>eth  Courtenay,  sister  to  the  late  Earl 
of  Devon. 

June  1.  At  Thorpe-place,  aged  33, 
Frederick  Leigh,  tbe  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  J.  Leigh  Bennett ;  whose  death 
is  recorded  in  our  present  number,  p.  98. 

June  2.  At  Andlestone,  near  Chert- 
sey,  Charlotte,  widow  of  Andrew  Wil- 
son Hearsey,  Lieut.- Col.  E.  I.  service. 

June  5.  At  Unstcd-wood,  near  God. 
aiming,  aged  58,  Hutches  T rower,  esq. 

June  7.  Aged  73,  Francis  Paynter, 
esq.  of  Denmark-bill. 

June  11.  At  Kingston-on- Thames, 
aged  92,  Ann,  widow  of  G.  Roots,  esq. 
surgeon. 

Sussex  April  19.    At  the  Rectory, 

Pet  worth,  aged  79,  Ann,  widow  of  John 
Sims,  M.D.  of  Wimpolc-strcet. 


Digitized  by 


102 


Obituary. 


[J«ly. 


May  18.  At  Ncwick  Park,  Frances 
Sophia,  youngest  daughter  of  J.  H.  Sla- 
ter, esq. 

June  4*.  At  Hove,  near  Brighton,  aged 
48,  the  Chevalier  Peceio. 

June  5.  At  Brighton,  aged  75,  Sarah, 
wife  of  P.  W.  Thomas,  esq.  of  High- 
bury-grove. 

June  9.  At  Brighton,  aged  63,  J.  Jen- 
kinson  Lnnyon,  esq.  of  East  Bourn. 

Warwick. — 1m(cIij.  In  his  90th  year, 
John  luge,  esq.  of  the  Charter  House, 
near  Coventry. 

Wii.tr. — May  15.  At  the  Asylum, 
Chippenham,  in  his  96th  year,  Phillip 
Townsend.  This  old  man  served  in  the 
campaign  with  the  Marquis  of  Granby 
and  Lord  George  Saekville,  and  well  re- 
membered the  circumstances  of  the  battle 
of  Minden  in  1759. 

May  24-.  Aged  65,  Mary,  widow  of 
William  Powell  Bendry,  esq.  of  Castle 
House,  Calne. 

Worcester. — June  10.  At  Malvern, 
Louisa  Augustus,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Fran- 
cis Duncan,  of  Alcester,  eldest  daughter 
of  Col.  Ellrington,  47th  Kept. 

York  May  19.  Aged  63,  At  Shef- 
field, Elizabeth,  relict  of  the  Kev.  John 
Grant,  sister  of  Dr.  Ayre,  of  Hull; 
having  only  six  days  survived  her  brother, 
Thomas  Ayre,  esq.  who  died  at  King's 
Lynn,  on  the  13th,  in  his  65th  year. 

June  5-  At  the  house  of  his  uncle 
G.  W.  Tireman,  esq.  at  Conisborough, 
in  bis  20tk  year,  Staniforth  Cattley,  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Thomas  Cattley,  esq.  of  York. 

June  7.  Aged  60,  the  lady  of  William 
Watson,  esq.,  of  Scarborough,  brother  to 
Sir  Frederick  Watson,  Master  of  the 
Kindt's  Household. 

WxLF.a.-Latcly.  At  Duflfrin,  near  Fish- 
guard, South  Wales,  aged  96,  Captain  J. 
Morgan,  It.N.  This  veteran  officer  was 
wounded  at  the  Battle  of  the  Nile,  while 
standing  by  the  side  of  the  immortal 
Nelson. 

Scotland  Jan.  24-.    At  Edinburgh, 

Capt.  Frazer,  h.  p.  3d  W.  I.  regiment. 

March  28.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  64>, 
John  Fyfle,  esq.  retired  Capt.  R.N.  He 
was  made  Lieut.  1782,  Commander  1798, 
in  which  year  be  commanded  the  Cyclops 
troop-ship  in  the  expedition  to  Quiberon. 
For  his  services  in  the  Egyptian  cam- 
juiign  he  received  a  gold  medal  from  the 
Grand  Seignior.  In  command  of  the 
Reindeer  18- gun  sloop  he  captured  se- 
veral privateers  in  the  West  Indies,  and 
fought  a  gallant  action  with  two  French 
bri^s,  each  of  nearly  equal  force  with  the 
Reindeer.    He  was  made  Post  in  1807. 

June  9.  At  Porto  Bello,  near  Edin- 
burgh, aged  22,  Miss  Charlotte  A.  M. 


Ochterlony,  granddaughter  of  the  late  Sir 
David  and  sister  to  Sir  Charles  Ochter- 
lony, Bart. 

Lately.  At  Ulva  House,  Lieut.- Col. 
Charles  M'Quarrie,  formerly  of  4-2d  Higb» 
landers. 

Ireland  /Ijiril  6.     At  Longford, 

Comet  Charles  Jones,  14th  light  drag. 

June.  14.  At  his  residence  near  Ra- 
heny,  the  Honourable  Judge  Vandoleur, 
third  Justice  of  the  Court  of  King's 
Bench.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar  in 
Trinity  Term  1790.  Asa  Jud^e  be  was 
an  ornament  to  the  Bench ;  his  duties 
might  truly  be  said  to  have  been  per- 
formed with  sound  judgment  and  strict 
impartiality,  whilst  his  urbanity  of  man- 
ners and  dignified  deportment,  commanded 
respect  from  all  who  witnessed  his  deci- 
sions. 

Lately.  Pierrepoint  Oliver  Mitchell, 
esq.  Grand  Treasurer  of  Freemasous  in 
Ireland. 

At  Abbeyleix,  Capt.  H.  Oulton,  late 
29th  regt. 

At  Fermoy,  Lieut.  Met  calf,  95th  regt. 

East  Indies. — Jan.  24.  In  camp  at 
Narekalapully,  near  Hydrabad,  aged  30, 
Capt,  W.  Bouchier  Coxe,  43d  reg.  Ma- 
dras Native  Infantry,  Deputy- Assistant 
<vhiarter-master-general  of  the  Northern 
Division  of  the  Army,  and  fourth  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  R.  Coxe,  of  Bucklebury 
vicarage,  Berks. 

Lately.  At  Madras,  George  Tyler, 
esq.  brother  of  Adm.  Sir  Charles  Tyler, 
G.C.B.  nephew  to  the  late  Lords  Dacre 
and  Teynham. 

West  Indies. — Feb.  ...  At  the  Ba- 
hamas, Lieut.  Brennan,  of  the  2d  West 
India  Regiment,  shot  through  the  head 
in  a  duel  with  a  brother  officer. 

March  23.  In  Jamaica,  in  the  prime  of 
life,  Alexander  Francis  Tannachie  Tul- 
locb,  esq.  son  of  Francis  Tullocb,  late 
Major  of  the  10th  or  Inverness  Militia, 
grandson  of  Alexander,  the  last  of  the 
Lairds  of  Tannachie,  of  that  ancient 
name  and  family  in  the  county  of  Moray. 
A  fire  having  broken  out  on  the  property 
of  his  uncle,  John  Simpson,  esq.  he  re- 
paired to  the  spot,  and  on  suddenly  retir- 
ing from  a  falling  rafter,  fell  into  a  mass 
of  burning  hot  fluid,  and  was  so  burnt 
that,  after  lingering  in  agony  for  nearly 
four  days,  he  expired. 

March  26.  The  Rev.  Valentine  Ward, 
General  Superintendent  of  the  Wesleyan 
Missions  in  the  West  Indies,  and  Chair, 
man  of  the  Jamaica  District.  He  entered 
the  ministry  in  the  year  1801. 

Abroad.—  Jan.  31.  At  Callao,  aged 
22,  Lieut.  W.  R.  Drumroond,  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's ship  Satellite,  youngest  son  of 
Gen.  Sir  Gordon  Drunimond. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835  ."\ 


Bill  of  Mortality. — Markets. — Price  of  Shares. 


103 


March  9.  At  St.  Petersburg,  aged  16, 
PrmceGeorge,  third  son  of  Prince  Lieven, 
He  was  born  in  this  country,  and  baptized 
after  his  late  Majesty  George  JV.  who 
stood  sponsor  at  bis  baptism.  Also, 
lately,  bis  brother,  Prince  Arthur  Lieven, 
godson  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

jfpril  9.  The  day  following  his  depar- 
ture from  Madeira,  on  board  the  Braganza, 
Henry  Edward  Hoare,  late  Capt.  66th 
loot,  and  second  son  of  Peter  Richard 
Hoare,  esq.  of  Soutbfield  House,  Som. 

May  4.  At  Nuremberg,  her  Serene 
Highness  the  Princess  of  Tour  and  Taxis, 
consort  of  Prince  Maximilian,  of  Tour 
find  Taxis,  only  u  few  days  after  the 
death  of  her  mother,  the  Baroness  Von 
Dornberg. 


May  19.  At  Frankfort,  Baron  d'An- 
stell,  the  Russian  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  Minister  in  that  city. 

May  19.  On  the  Continent,  aged  87, 
Sir  Samuel  Wathen,  High  Sheriff  of 
Gloucestershire  in  1903,  when  he  was 
knighted,  March  13,  and  many  years  in 
the  commission  of  the  Peace  for  that 
county.  His  remains  were  brought  to 
England  to  be  deposited  in  the  family 
vault  at  King's  Stanley.  Gloucestershire, 
the  residence  of  his  son,  Sir  Paul  Baghott. 

May  20.  The  Bey  of  Tunis.  He 
has  been  succeeded  by  his  brother. 

June  I.  In  his  65th  year,  Lieut.- Gen. 
Kdlermann,  Duke  of  Valmy,  son  of  the 
Marshal. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  May  20  to  June  23,  1835. 


Christened. 
Males     1132  1 22g£ 
Females  1156/ 


Buried. 
Males       783  ) 
Females    759  S 


1542 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  419 


4 


o 
10 
20 
30 
40 


and 
and 
and 
and 
and 
and 


5 
10 
20 
30 
40 
50 


173 
57 
51 
120 
134 
162 


GO 
70 


50  and 
60  arid 
70  and 
80  and 
90  and  100 
102 


152 
126 


80  101 
90  40 
6 
I 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  June  12. 


Wheat. 
>.  d. 

39  8 


Barley. 
*.  d. 
30  9 


Oats. 
*.  d. 
23  10 


Rye. 
s.  d. 
31  2 


Beans. 
t.  d. 

38 


5 


Peas. 
t.  d. 
36  1 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  June  22, 


Famham  (seconds)  0L  Ot.  to  0L  Ot. 

Kent  Pockets   5/.  0*.  to  8/.  Ot. 

Sussex   4i.  10*.  to  67.  0#. 

Essex   5L  Ot.  to  71.  iOt. 


Kent  Bags  5/.  0*.  to  «/.  I  Of. 

Sussex  0/.  Ot.  to  1)1.  Ot. 

E&ei   0t.  to  0U  Of. 

Fsraoajn  (fine)  8/.  0*.  to  9i.  0t. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  June  25. 
Smithfield,  Hay,  31. 15*.  to  5/.  5*— Straw,  1/.  18/.  to  21. 5*.— Clover,  M.  \0t.  to  51. 15*. 
S M I T  H  FI E  LD,  June  22.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef.  2*.  0d.  to  4*.  id. 

Mutton  2*.  Id.  to  4*.  0d. 

Veal  3s.  4rf.  to  4*.  Od. 

Pork  3*.  Od.  to  4*.  Cif. 


Lamb   5*.  Od.  to  6*.  2d. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  June  22. 

Beasts  2,147    Calves  271 

Sbeep&Lambs2U)l0    Pigs  394 


COAL  MARKET,  June  26. 
Walls  Ends,  from  18*.  9d.  to  20*.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  17*.  Od.  to  18*.  OdL 
TALLOW,  per  cwt  —Town  Tullow,  40*.  6V.    Yellow  Russia,  39*.  0d. 
SOAP. — Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd,  *. 
CANDLES,  6*.  6U  per  doz.    Moulds.  8*.  Od. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Bbotheus,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  241.  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  88  Grand  Junction, 

237.  Kennet  and  Avon,  21i.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  533.  Regent's,  I64. 

—Rochdale,  124.  London  Dock  Stock,  58.  St.  Katharine's,  69..  West 

India,  98.  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway.  199.  Grand  Junction  Water 


■  West  Middlesex,  78.  Globe  lnsunince,  155$. 


Guardian,  33$. 
Phcenix  Gas, 


Works,  X> 

—Hope,  6.— —Chartered  Gas  Light, 46$.  Imperial  Gas,  43. 

24|.  -Independent  Gas,  50.  United  General,  42*.  Canada  Land  Cora- 
piny,  40-— —Reversionary  Interest,  134. 


For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 


Digitized  by  Google 


104 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  \V.  CARY,  Strand. 

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34 
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33 
32 


J.  J.  ARNULL.  Stock  Broker.  1.  Bank  Buildings,  Comhill, 

late  lliciiARDBoN.  <yoodi.uoc.  and  AttfOU* 


J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  2.%  I'AHUAMENT  HHFTT. 


TH  F. 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

AUGUST,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Minor  Correspondence — Churches  of  Stoke  d'Abernon  and  Stoke  by  Guild- 
ford— Hudibrastic  lines — Arms  of  Lord  Mayors— Bercarius— &c   106 

Ccoeb's  Memoir  op  Lord  Bolingbroke   107 

New  Record  Commission,  No.JI.  Close  Rolls  of  King  John   118 

Rare  and  unpublished  Coins  of  Roman  Emperors,  &c.  struck  in  Greek  Cities...  129 

British  Relations  with  China   132 

Proceedings  of  the  Record  Commission  in  Prance   140 

Han  of  the  Cathedral  of  Old  Sarnm   143 

Memorials  or  Literary  Characters,  No.  VII.    Letters  of  Lord  Boling- 

broke,  146. — Dr.  Stukeley's  Journal,  149.— Family  of  Dr.  Donne   150 

Ancient  Book  of  Medical  Recipes   150 

Boccaecius  de  MuUeribus  Clarissimis,  printed  at  Ulm  in  1473   151 

Executions  at  Thornton  Heath,  near  Croydon   152 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Willis  on  the  Architecture  of  the  Middle  Ages,  and  Whewell  on  German 
Churches,  133. — Montgomery's  Poet's  Portfolio,  156. — Keightley's  History 
of  Greece,  157. — Chabai lie's  Roman  du  Renart,  &c.  158. — Pluquet's 
Contes  Populaires,  159. — American  Commdn  Prayer,  160. — Literary  History 
of  Italy,  163.— Ord's  England,  163.— Dallaway's  Antiquities  of  Bristow, 
164.— Letters  on  the  Court  of  Chancery,  167.— Latham  on  the  Greek 
Unfmage,  168. — Ingram's  Memorials  of  Oxford,  169.— Hardy's  Notices 
of  the  Holy  Land,  170. — Mrs.  Loudon's  Philanthropic  Economy,  172. — 
Robinson's  History  of  Hardwicke  Hall,  174. — Auldjo's  Visit  to  Constan- 
tinople, 174— Provincial  Sketches,  The  Gipsy,  and  Miscellaneous  Reviews. .  177 

FINE  ARTS. — New  Publications,  178.—  Architectural  Designs  at  the  Royal 
Academy  >.  180 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  183.— Installation  of  the  Marquis  Camden  at  Cambridge, 
184 — Learned  Societies,  &c   185 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. — Sale  of  Mr.  Salt's  Egyptian  Antiquities. .  190 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  190.  — Foreign 
News,  193. — Domestic  Occurrences,  St  Alban's  and  Bath  Abbeys — Great 
Tom  of  Lincoln,  195.— Promotions,  Preferments,  &c.  198.— Marriages.: . .  199 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  Earl  of  Courtown ;  Earl  of  Longford ;  Mar- 
chioness H.  L.  Grimaldi ;  Hon.  B.  Bouverie ;  Sir  W.  C.  Medlycott,  Bart. ; 
Sir  Andrew  Corbet,  Bart. ;  Major-Gen.  Sir  John  Ross ;  General  Burton  t 
Vice-Adm.  Locke  ;  William  Smith,  esq.  ;  Evan  Baillie,  esq. ;  Thomas  Car* 
ter,  esq.  William  Cobbett,  esq.  M.P.  ;  Thomas  Clayton,  esq. ;  James  Morris, 
esq. ;  Mrs.  Davies  ;  Charles  Mathews,  esq.  ;  Rev.  Thomas  Harvey ;  Edw, 
Trough  ton,  esq.  F.R&.;  Professor  Martos  ;  Col.  W.  B.  Naynoe;  Joseph 

Todd,  esq.  ;  Dr.  Pughe   201 

Citasr  Deceased,  217.— Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties   219 

Bdl  of  Mortality—  Markets— Prices  of  Shares^23— Meteorological  Diary— Stocks  224 

Embellished  with  Representations  of  Grebe  Imperial  Coins. 
And  a  Ground  Plan  of  the  Cathedral  of  Old  Sarum. 


d 

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106 


MINOR  CORR 

E.  I.  C.  remarks  :  «•  In  Mr.  Rickman's 
Observations  on  the  Ecclesiastical  Archi- 
tecture of  France  and  England,  in  the 
new  portion  of  the  Archssologia,  vol.  xxvi. 
p.  40,  he  names  Stoke  D'Abernon,  in 
Surrey,  as  one  of  the  examples  of  the 
description  of  architecture  to  which  the 
essay  refers ;  he  refers,  in  particular, 
to  the  chancel  arch  and  the  tower.  The 
church  which  he  means  is,  I  apprehend, 
Stoke  by  Guildford ;  for  the  present 
church  of  Stoke  D'Abernon  has  no  tower, 
and  though  the  chancel  has  a  round  arch, 
it  is  so  covered  with  plaster  that  the 
architecture  cannot  be  distinguished.  In 
other  respects,  the  church  is  worthy  of 
the  notice  of  the  antiquary  ;  it  possesses 
a  beautiful  stoncroofed  chancel  in  the 
taste  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  con- 
tains one  of  the  oldest  brasses  in  exist- 
ence. Mr.  Rick  man  will  pardon  this  cor- 
rection, as  he  must  be  well  aware  of  the 
necessity  of  correctness  in  all  matters  of 
this  kind.  While  on  the  subject  of 
Surrey  antiquities,  I  would  notice  that 
the  ancient  rood-loft  of  Kingston  church, 
which  was  perfect  when  I  first  visited  the 
church,  has  been  entirely  destroyed. 
This  spoliation  took  place  about  three 
years  since ;  and  in  pursuing  the  work  of 
destruction  some  ancient  paintings  were 
discovered.  I  understand  that  a  portion 
of  the  remains  were  purchased  by  some 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  inhabitants  of  the 
parish.  Why  are  our  ancient  churches 
to  be  left  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  ignor- 
ant churchwardens?  The  ancient  chantry, 
used  as  a  grammar  school,  has  suffered 
from  the  modern  fancy  of  throwing  open 
every  relic  of  former  times,  institutions 
as  well  as  buildings.  As  the  exposed 
walls  were  not  deemed  neat  enough  to 
meet  public  gaze,  they  have  been  covered 
with  compo,  another  evidence  of  the  cor- 
rupt taste  which  prevails  in  this  town." 

Dr.  Ward,  in  his  Life  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham  prefixed  to  the  "  Lives  of  the 
Greshara  Professors,"  alludes,  in  p.  27, 
to  "  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  Jotirna/ MS." 
Can  any  of  our  readers  inform  us  where 
that  MS.  is  now  to  be  found  ? 

J.  G.  D.  communicates  from  "  Sen- 
tentise  Morales  a  diversis  auctoribus  col- 
lects?, per  eruditiss.  Sec.  Andream  Cag- 
natum,  Lugd.  1584."  the  following  Latin 
version  of  the  four  Hudibrastic  line*  given 
in  June,  p.  562, 

Qui  fugit  e  pugna  rursus  pugnare  redibit ; 
Qui  oadit  in  pugna  nunquam  pugnare  re- 
surget. 

These  certainly  resemble  so  closely  the 
English  lines,  that  the  latter  may  have 
been  derived  immediately  from  them ; 
but  they  do  not  bear  out  our  Correspond- 


ESPONDENCE. 

ent  in  his  opinion  "  that  no  Greek  writer 
is  the  author  of  the  idea."— Dr.  Ro doe's 
letter  on  the  same  subject  we  may  be  ex- 
cused inserting,  after  its  having  been 
published  in  the  St.  James's  Chronicle  ; 
but,  having  referred  to  Pearch's  Col- 
lection of  Poems,  vol.  iii.  p.  84,  we  have 
to  inform  him  that  the  lines  in  question 
do  not  occur  there. 

Mr.  Leeds  claims  our  attention  to  **  a 
very  singular  ruse  practised  towards  him. 
After  his  name  had  actually  been  given  to 
the  public  as  the  author  of  the  letter-press 
of  the  Second  Series  of  Goodwin's  Domes- 
tic Architecture,  it  was,  as  he  has  since  dis- 
covered, withdrawn  previously  to  the  new 
edition  of  the  work,  and  another  title 
substituted  in  lieu  of  the  original  one, 
although  he  had  expressly  conditioned 
that  his  name  should  appear.  In  fact, 
that,  he  observes,  constituted  the  chief 
remuneration  for  his  labour  ;  and  what 
renders  the  case  the  more  extraordinary 
is,  that  Mr.  Goodwin  had  manifested 
neither  dissatisfaction  nor  displeasure  of 
any  kind  that  would  in  some  degree  ac- 
count for,  yet  certainly  not  justify,  such 
procedure." 

In  answer  to  the  inquiries  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Gregory  (New  Series,  vol.  ii. 
p.  562,)  respecting  the  arms  of  several 
aldermen  of  London,  H.  G.  is  enabled 
to  give  the  two  following.  Brackley 
Kennett,  Lord  Mayor  1780,  Quarterly 
Or  and  Gules,  a  label  of  three  points  in 
chief  Sable,  charged  with  nine  Bezants, 
3,  3,  and  3.  Thomas  Sainsbury,  Lord 
Mayor  1787,  Azure,  three  lozenges  con- 
joined in  bend  Or,  within  a  bordure  en- 
grailed of  the  Last,  a  mullet  for  difference. 
It  is  probable  that  the  arms  of  those  yet 
wanting  may  be  obtained  from  the 
churches  of  their  respective  wards. 

Antiquarius  (p.  2,)  may  be  referred 
for  Pigot  of  Clotheram  to  Gent.  Mag. 
xcm.  ii.  p.  2  ;  for  the  Wardes  of  York- 
shire to  xciv.  i.  290,  ii.  482 ;  and  for 
some  slight  notice  of  the  names  of  Warde 
and  Burton,  to  Hargrove's  Knares- 
borough. 

If  E.  N.  had  looked  for  Bercarius  in- 
stead of  Beckarius  in  any  of  the  law- 
dictionaries,  his  curiosity  would  have 
been  satisfied.  The  word  has  the  same 
origin  as  the  French  berger,  which  was 
derived  from  brebit,  berbicarius,  pertync. 
bercarius. 

T.  B.  inquires,  what  were  the  arms  (if 
any)  of  the  Priory  of  Tortington,  near 
Arundel,  in  Sussex,  and  of  its  foundress, 
Hadwise  Corbet,  as  well  as  those  of  the 
Priory  of  Okeburn,  in  Wiltshire,  which 
was  dependent  on  the  Abbey  of  Bee  in 
Normandy. 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 


MEMOIR  OF  LORD  BOLINGBROKE. 
By  George  Wingrove  Cooke,  Esq.    2  vols.  8vo. 

THERE  are  few  characters  recorded  in  English  history,  who  have  filled 
so  important  a  space  iu  the  eyes  of  their  contemporaries,  who  hare  been 
more  highly  extolled  by  their  friends,  and  who  have  wrung  a  reluctant 
acknowledgment  of  the  superiority  of  their  talents  from  their  bitterest  ene- 
mies,* than  that  very  singular  and  eminent  person  who  forms  the  subject 
of  Mr.  Cooke's  biography.    At  the  same  time,  there  are  few,  the  blossoms 
of  whose  fame  have  so  rapidly  faded  away  under  the  hand  of  Time,  whose 
name  is  so  seldom  beard  in  political  disquisitions,  or  in  the  walks  which  he 
once  adorned,  of  literature  and  philosophy;  and  over  whose  writings,  which 
society  once  beheld  with  curiosity  and  with  awe,  the  occasional  eye  of  the 
scholar  and  the  man  of  letters  is  alone  seen  to  glance,  more  for  the  purpose 
of  completing  a  knowledge  of  the  liteiature  of  the  time,  than  for  any 
instruction  which  they  are  calculated  to  afford.    Yet  Bolingbroke  was 
a  man  adorned  with  the  richest  gifts  of  nature ;  and  in  whom  the  original 
powers  of  his  mind  were  as  early  and  boldly  developed,  as  they  were  after- 
wards cultivated  and  matured.    We  think  it  is'Dr.  Johnson  who  observes, 
"  that  no  man  distinguishes  himself  in  after  life,  in  whom  the  superiority 
of  his  talents  could  not  have  been  discovered  in  his  youth;" — if  so,  the 
dawning  light  which  early  burst  into  the  full  effulgence  of  genius,  in  Bo- 
lingbroke's  youthful  days,  may  corroborate  the  observation  of  the  moralist. 
Mr.  Cooke  says,  '  He  was  removed  from  Eton  to  Christ-Church,  where 
his  great  natural  advantages  had  more  facility  for  development.    His  wit 
and  genius  soon  distinguished  him  among  bis  companions,!  and  he  already 
assumed  a  superiority  which  he  was  destined  always  to  maintain.    His  ex- 
traordinary talents  forced  themselves  into  general  notice,  and  his  tutors 
confessed  that  in  him  they  had  no  common  pupil.    His  original  and  un- 
quiet curiosity  startled  and  perplexed  them,  and  his  prodigious  strength 
of  memory  and  quick  apprehension  excited  their  astonishment.    His  dash- 
ing and  brilliant  style  of  conversation  was  the  admiration  of  his  friends;. . 

 his  tenacious  memory  and  strong  reasoning  powers,  rendered  him  an 

antagonist  to  be  dreaded  even  by  those  who  had  laboured  most  diligently  at 


•  Walpole  dreaded  him,  even  when  he  had  disarmed  him  ;  and  watched  him  even  at 
the  lowest  ebb  of  his  fortunes,  and  when  he  was  lying  like  a  wreck  on  the  shore. 
'  While  he  was  engaged  with  the  Pretender,  the  authorities  at  home  (says  Mr.  Cooke) 
dreaded  bis  talents  and  felt  the  force  of  his  influence.  They  knew  the  value  of  his 
assistance,  and  the  confusion  which  must  follow  his  defection  ;  and  personally  inte- 
rested as  they  were  in  preventing  his  return  to  England,  they  thought  that  abroad  he 
wis  a  more  dangerous  enemy  than  he  could  be  at  home.  It  was  determined,  therefore, 
to  attempt  to  detach  him  from  the  cause  he  had  so  imprudently  espoused,  and  full 
powers  were  sent  to  the  Earl  of  Stair  to  treat  with  him  for  that  purpose.'  See  Cooke's 
Life,  vol.  ii.  p.  9-  Walpole's  hatred  was  the  strongest  proof  of  Bolingbroke'i*  talents, 
f  H.  Walpole,  in  his  Memoirs,  says  that  his  father  and  Bolingbroke  w*<re  rivals  at 

febool.    Walpole  was  older  by  two  year?.    How  little  did  they  foresee  •  Them  »hall 

rtefttryrassionatcar,'  &c. 


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108 


Cooke's  History  of  Lord  Bo  ling  broke. 


[Aug. 


the  studies  he  had  neglected.  His  learning  was  crude  and  undigested,  but 
the  mass  was  great,  and  as  he  always  possessed  the  strong  art  of  displaying 
every  qualification  in  the  most  advantageous  view,  his  companions  consi- 
dered him  as  resembling  Chrichton  as  deeply  in  bis  acquirements  as  he 
certainly  did  in  bis  dissipation.  When  he  left  them,  they  looked  after  him 
with  anxious  expectations  as  he  imincrged  into  the  world  :  none  doubted 
that  he  was  destined  to  perform  a  distinguished  part  in  the  great  drama  of 
his  age.' — As  a  writer,  it  may  be  said  of  Bolingbroke,  that  he  was  consi- 
dered by  the  unanimous  consent  of  his  contemporaries,  as  in  no  wise  infe- 
rior even  to  those  who  were  esteemed  the  first  models  of  their  age.  His 
style  was  said  to  possess  all  the  graces  and  elegance  of  Addison's,  and  the 
idiomatic  purity  of  Swift's ;  while  it  surpassed  them  both  in  the  majestic 
flow  of  its  eloquence,  and  iu  the  tasteful  richness  of  its  decorations.  Pope 
said, — '  Lord  Bolingbroke  was  much  the  best  writer  of  the  age.'  Ches- 
terfield says, — '  Bolingbroke  talked  all  day  long,  as  elegantly  as  he  wrote/  * 
As  an  orator  he  stood  pre-eminent  and  unapproached.  To  the  knowledge 
of  a  statesman,  and  the  attainments  of  a  philosopher,  he  added  all  the  graces 
of  the  courtier ;  the  fascinating  powers  of  his  conversation,  and  the  almost 
bouudless  stores  of  his  intellectual  wealth,  were  acknowledged  by  all.  He 
ought  to  have  been  the  greatest  man  of  his  age.  The  man  gifted  with  the 
greatest  variety  of  the  highest  qualities  which  nature  could  bestow,  or 
education  improve  ;  one  who  seemed  born  to  occupy  a  commanding  situa- 
tion, and  exercise  that  powerful  influence  which  superior  genius  possesses 
over  common  minds. 

Ingenium  cut  sit,  cui  mens  divinior,  atque  os 
Magna  sonaturuin.  

Hear  what  Swift  says  of  him,f  in  the  commencement  of  his  political 
career: — '  1  think  Mr.  St.  John  the  greatest  young  man  I  ever  knew.  Wit, 
capacity,  beauty,  quickuess  of  apprehension,  good  learning,  and  an  excellent 
taste  ;  the  best  orator  in  the  House  of  Commons,  admirable  conversation, 
goodnature,  and  good  manners ;  generous,  and  a  despiser  of  money.  This 
is  his  character.'  In  after  life,  Pope  speaks  of  him,  }  as  of  a  being  almost 
elevated  above  the  level  of  mortality,—'  Lord  Bolingbroke  is  something 
superior  to  any  thing  I  have  seen  in  human  nature.  You  know  I  don't  deal 
much  in  hyperboles  ;  I  quite  think  him  what  I  say.  When  a  man  is  much 
above  the  rank  of  men,  (he  had  been  speaking  of  BoHngbroke,)  who  can  he 
have  to  converse  with  ?. . . .  Nobody  knows  half  the  extent  of  his  excellen- 
cies but  two  or  three  of  his  most  intimate  friends  There  is  one  thing 

in  Lord  Bolingbroke  which  seems  peculiar  to  himself.  He  has  so  great  a 
memory  as  well  as  judgment,  that  if  he  is  alone  and  without  book:?,  he  can 
sit  down  by  himself,  and  refer  to  the  books,  or  such  a  particular  subject  in 
them,  in  his  own  mind  ;  and  write  as  fully  on  it,  as  another  man  would  with 
all  his  books  about  him.  He  sits  like  an  intelligence,  and  recollects  all  the 
question  within  himself.'  *  I  really  thiuk  there  is  something  in  that  great 
man  which  looks  as  if  he  were  placed  here  by  mistake.  There  is  so  j  and 
when  the  comet  appeared  to  us  a  month  or  two  ago,  1  had  sometimes  an 


•  Doctor  Parr,  in  his  Warburtonian  Tracts,  speaks  of  "  hanging  with  rapture  over 
the  gorgeous  declamation  of  Bolingbroke.**  But  Bolingbroke's  style  possessed  a  great 
variety  of  excellence  ;  and  was  as  perspicuous  when  the  subject  demanded,  as  it  wa» 
ornamented  and  elaborate  when  he  chose  to  soar  away  in  praise  of  friendship,  and 
virtue,  and  patriotism,  and  give  th?  thoughts  of  Seneca  in  the  language  of  Tully. 

•f  See  Journal  to  Stella,  vol.  xv.  p.  I7ti,  ed.  Nichols. 

♦  See  Spenee's  Anecdotes,  in  various  place*. 


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1535-1  Cooke's  History  of  Lord  Botingbroke.  109 

imagination,  that  it  might  possibly  be  come  to  our  world  to  carry  him  home, 
u  a  coach  comes  to  one's  door  for  other  visiters.' 

If  somethiug,  in  the  stern  severity  of  truth,  is  to  be  taken  from  these 
transcendent  eulogies,  and  given,  as  perhaps  justly,  to  the  tenderness  of 
established  friendship,  and  the  generous  warmth  of  the  poet's  affectionate 
heart,*  yet  enough  will  remain  to  convince  us  of  the  real  existence  of 
those  rare  excellencies  which  could  excite  the  boundless  admiration  of 
so  wise  a  man,  and  so  accurate  an  observer  of  human  nature  as  Pope ; 
sud  the  rapid  decline,  and  indeed  all  but  total  extinction  of  this  full- 
blown and  exalted  fame,  may  be  traced  to  causes,  other  than  the  suppo- 
sition, that  what  was  so  lavishly  bestowed,  is  now  by  a  too-tardy  justice 
recalled;  and  that  time  has  made  a  more  correct  estimate  than  friend- 
ship, of  the  valae  of  Bolingbroke's  princely  reputation.    We  should  rather 
advance  other  opinions  npon  the  subject ;  and  while  we  confess  that  neither 
the  intrinsic  excellencies  that  shine  through  many  of  his  works,  nor  the 
candid,  able,  and  well- written  biography  of  Mr.  Cooke,  (the  first  and 
only  one  that  deserves  that  name,)  will  avail  to  rescue  his  reputation  from 
the  indifference  which  has  fallen  on  it,  we  believe  the  causes  to  be  such  as 
we  shall  now  enumerate. 

We  do  not  speak  of  the  growing  neglect  in  our  days,  so  obvious,  as  to 
strike  all  who  have  turned  their  attentiou  to  the  subject,  towards  those 
illustrious  writers,  whose  works  have  given  the  high  title  of  "  the  Augustan 
age"  to  that  in  which  they  lived  ;  an  indifference  which  has  almost  closed 
the  pages  of  Addison,  and  Swift,  and  Middleton  ;  and  which  has  made  ft 
too  partial  exception  in  the  case  of  Pope,  from  the  oblivion  that  has  fallen 
on  the  companions  and  rivals  of  his  song  j  not  to  say  how  far  the  exquisite 
and  refined  graces  of  Bolingbroke's  style  (once  so  admired,  and  wrought 
pnt  with  so  much  genius  and  labour),  the  dazzling  splendour  of  his  compo- 
sition, and  the  stately  march  of  his  measured  prose,  may  be  now  compara- 
tively  disregarded  or  unfelt :  putting  aside  the  consideration,  that  in  the 
present  day,  the  fine  modulations  and  cunningly  wrought  harmonies,  both 
of  poetry  and  prose,  have  lost  the  charm  which  they  once  possessed  ;  be- 
cause, it  may  be  said,  that  this  objection  does  not  act  exclusively  or  more 
emphatically  on  the  works  of  Bolingbroke,  than  of  any  of  his  contempora- 
ries ;  we  should  attribute  the  decline  of  his  fame  to  the  following  causes:— 
First,  that  as  a  statesman  there  is  nothing  in  his  short  and,  wc  must  call  it, 
his  most  inglorious  ministry,  that  would  call  for  the  admiration  of  the  histo- 
rian, or  detaiu  hiin  amid  the  selfish  intrigues,  and  low  jealousies,  dishonour- 
able factions,  and  unconstitutional  designs  of  a  divided  dominion  ;  when  he 
was  hastening  on  to  the  contemplation  of  the  long  and  successful  administra- 
tion of  his  more  politic  and  more  judicious  rival.  The  distrust,  the  contempt, 
the  stiffed  hatred,  and,  at  length,  the  avowed  enmity  to  Harley, —  t  the  ainbi- 


•  Spence  told  Dr.  J.  Warton,  that  Bolingbroke  bent  over  the  chair  of  the  dying 
poet,  and,  looking  earnestly  down  upon  him,  repeated  several  times,  interrupted  with 
sobs; — 4  Oh  !  great  God  !  what  is  man  !'  I  never  saw  a  person  who  had  so  tender  a 
heart  for  his  particular  friends,  or  a  warmer  benevolence  for  all  mankind.  His  lord- 
ship's melancholy  attitude,  says  Spence,  on^the  morning  of  the  21st,  was  remarkable, 
leaning  against  Pope's  chnir  and  crying  over  him  for  a  considerable  time,  with  mor« 
concern  than  can  be  expressed. 

f  Swift  plainly  mentions  that  the  first  misunderstanding  between  Harley  and  St. 
John  arose  from  some  intrigues  or  indiscretions  of  the  latter,  during  Harley's  ill- 
nets  from  his  assassination.  '  I  am  not  altogether  sure  that  Mr.  St.  John  did  not  enter* 
t*m  some  project  °f  succeeding  as  first  minister  in  ease  of  Harley's  death,'  &c.  See 
his  la*r  years  of  Queen  Anne.    •  Neither  the  exact  cause  of  Harley  and  St.  John's 


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Cooke's  History  of  Lord  Bolingbroke. 


[Aug 


guous  correspondence  with  Marlborough,* — the  mysterious  connexion  with 
the  Pretender ;  these  might  find  either  an  apology  or  defence  from  the 
friendly  historian  of  his  acts  j  but  a  darker  shadow  is  cast  over  that  sliort 
and  melancholy  period  when  Bolingbroke  held  the  reins  of  power,  when 
wc  recollect  that  through  him  the  arm  of  Marlborough  was  arrested  in  its 
proud  career  of  victory,  and  his  sword  forced  back  into  its  scabbard  ;  and 
the  ambition  of  France  again  let  loose  to  deform  and  desolate  the  world. 
Louis  the  XIV.  was  lost,  said  the  King  of  Prussia,  if  Marlborough  had  held 
his  power  two  years  more ;  that  through  him,  in  the  face  of  the  most 
solemn  engagements  and  the  most  binding  treaties,  the  old  and  faithful  allies 
of  Great  Britain  were  deserted  by  her;  and  that  the  inglorious  Peace  of 
Utrecht  remains  an  opprobrious  monument  of  the  violence  of  faction,  the 
dread  of  rivals,  and  the  lust  of  power,  prevailing  over  the-principles  of  duty, 
his  own  integrity,  his  sovereign's  honour,  his  country's  glory,  and  the  in- 
terests of  Europe.    Bolingbroke  fell,  the  victim  of  his  own  dark  ambi- 
tion, and  his  acknowledged  perfidy  jf  and  in  the  unceasing  struggle  of 
a  long  and  anxious  life,  in  honour  and  dishonour,  in  apostacy,  and  in 
repentance,  in  exile  or  at  home,  by  flattering  promises,  or  by  threatened 
vengeance,  he  never  was  able  to  regain  the  pre-eminence  he  had  lost,  or  to 
wrest  the  rod  of  power  from  the  strong  and  skilful  hands  of  his  more  cauti- 
ous rival,  and  his  determined  and  implacable  foe.    As  a  Statesman,  there- 
fore, no  longer  considered,  still  there  might  have  remained  to  Bolingbroke, 
it  may  be  said,  a  glory  of  another  kind,  and  that  was  pre-eminently  his 
own  j  he  might  have  been  known  to  posterity  as  the  rival  of  Demosthenes, 
or  Tully,  as  the  greatest  orator  of  his  age, 

'  When  listening  Senates  hung  on  all  he  spoke.' 

Who  has  not  heard  with  admiration  of  the  influence  which  this  extraordi- 
nary man  is  reported  to  have  exerted  over  the  senate,  by  the  splendour  of 
his  eloquence,  the  vigour  and  force  of  his  arguments,  the  brilliancy  of  his 
imagery,  the  variety  and  beauty  of  his  illustrations,  his  constitutional  know- 
ledge, and  his  captivating  address  ?  All  these  were  pre-eminently  his  own ; 
and  these  justify  the  high  eulogies,  which  men  of  the  first  attainments  in 
his  own  art,  have  been  anxious  to  pronounce.  Burnet,  a  man  of  course  in 
no  way  friendly  to  him,  confesses  that  his  eloquence  was  superhuman  ; 
and  Mr.  Pitt,  being  in  company  with  certain  friends,  each  of  whom  was 
expressing  a  particular  wish  that  he  was  anxious  to  fulfil,— one  said  he 
should  like  to  see  the  lost  books  of  Livy,  another  a  specimen  of  an  ancient 
comedy ;  Mr.  Pitt  said,  that  npon  the  whole  he  should  prefer  to  see  a 

violent  rupture,  nor  the  disgrace  of  Harley,  and  the  anger  of  the  Queen,  are  known  ; 
they  probably  both  arose  from  secret  intrigues  of  Harley ;  but  how  far  culpable,  beyond 
the  point  of  endeavouring  to  maintain  his  power  and  party,  cannot  be  said.  Harley 
may  have  had  correspondence,  both  at  St.  Germain 8  and  Hanover,  that  St.  John  was 
not  admitted  to  ;  and  the  Queen  may  have  expected  more  from  Lord  Oxford  in  favour 
of  her  brother,  than  he  ever  designed  to  give ;  and  may  have  unexpectedly  become 
acquainted  with  his  intercourse  with  a  successor  she  disliked  :  and  in  this  double  dis- 
appointment, the  outbreak  of  her  heavy  displeasure  and  complaints  may  have  arisen. 
See  a  note  by  Mr  Rose,  in  Marchmout  Papers,  vol.  ii.  p.  192. 

*  In  his  correspondence  with  Mr.  Drummond  of  Amsterdam,  (see  the  edition  by 
Mr.  G.  Parke)  where  Bolingbroke  mentions  Marlborough,  he  calls  him — *  that  great 
man     and  his  character  of  him  in  Marchmont  Papers,  vol.  t.  p.  214. 

t  Lord  Bolingbroke's  father  said  to  him,  on  his  being  made  lord,  1  Ah,  Harry  !  I 
ever  said  you  would  be  hanged,  but  now  I  find  you  will  be  beheaded.'  See  the  Un- 
happy Consequences  of  the  Peace  of  Utrecht,  justly  given  in  Coxc's  Life  of  Sir  R. 
Walpole,  vol.  i.  p.  26. 


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1835.]  Cooke's  Hlttory  of  Urd  Bolingbroke. 


Ill 


tpctch  of  Bolingbroke.    Such  was  that  great  statesman's  opinion  (himself 
in  orator  of  the  highest  class)  of  Bolingbroke's  extraordinary  eloquence, 
shown  as  it  was  in  his  speeches  in  Parliament  j  and  not  without  evidence 
to  its  value,  in  the  success  of  his  skilful  negotiations,  and  his  great  influ- 
ence at  the  different  courts  of  Europe.    Mr.  Cooke  says, — *  "  It  is  said, 
that,  in  the  delivery  of  his  speeches,  there  were  occasional  pauses  of  reflec- 
tions ;  but  when  he  had  recovered  and  arranged  his  ideas,  as  he  clothed 
them  in  words,  his  language  flowed  on  without  either  hurry  or  hesitation, 
in  a  copious  stream  of  eloquence  which  equally  delighted  the  ear  and  con- 
vinced the  judgment.    In  all  the  arts  of  oratory  he  seems  to  have  been 
endowed  with  a  natural  proficiency ;  and  even  the  tactics  of  debate  were 
not  in  him  the  acquirements  of  experience.    When  the  weakness  of  a 
canse  was  to  be  disguised,  or  the  attention  of  the  audience  withdrawn  from 
its  examination,  the  wit  of  the  orator  shot  like  a  star-shoot  athwart  the 
debate  j  but  when  the  arguments  of  an  adversary  were  to  be  sifted  and  bis 
fallacies  exposed,  he  discovered  a  wonderful  power  of  analysing  his  sub- 
ject at  a  single  glance,  and  of  almost  instantly  discovering  its  capabilities 
of  attack  and  defence.    He  united  in  his  reply  a  subtlety  of  reasoning,  a 
profundity  of  thinking,  and  a  solidity  of  judgment,  which  fixed  attention 
and  commanded  admiration."    Yet  is  all  this  treasure  of  eloquence  lost  to 
us.   Not  a  report  of  a  single  speech  remains  !  The  lightning  of  his  *  winged 
mind'  has  faded  away  j  the  playful  corrnscations  of  bis  genius  and  wit,  and 
the  awful  thunders  of  his  indignant  and  glowing  oratory  are  alike  gone.  We 
have  only,  alas !  left — the  firm  conviction  of  the  reality  and  magnitude  of 
our  loss — '  stat  inagni  nominis  umbra.'    As  regards  his  metaphysical  spe- 
culations, and  his  deistical  diatribes,  they  have  long  since  been  '  where 
Chnbb  and  Tindal  rest.'    They  have  ceased  to  disturb  the  consciences, 
awaken  the  scruples,  or  perplex  the  judgment,  of  the  pious  and  timid  Chris- 
tian :  the  weakness  of  his  arguments,  the  inaccuracy  of  his  speculations, 
and  the  imperfection  of  his  knowledge,  were  seen  and  acknowledged  even 
in  his  own  day,  and  by  his  most  zealous  admirers  and  frieuds.  Pope 
acknowledged,  that  in  matters  of  theology  and  discussion  on  religion  he 
was  but  a  common  man.f    '  If  ever  he  trifles,  it  must  be  when  he 
turns  divine.'    Warburton  attacked  him  in  his  violent  and  intemperate 
manner  ;  but  Leland  subsequently  examined  his  objections  with  patience, 
and  refuted  them  with  candour  and  knowledge. 


*  See  Life,  vol.  i.  p.  20. 

t  See  also  Lord  Cornbury's  excellent  letter  to  Mallet,  which  does  him  great  honour, 
(ride  Cooke's  Life,  toI.  ii.  p.  256)  1  on  the  subject  of  religion  particularly  (whatever 
was  the  reason  that  inflamed  his  passions  upon  that  subject  chiefly,  his  pactions  were 
then  most  strong ;)  and  I  will  venture  to  say  (when  called  upon  to  do  it),  what  I  have 
said  more  than  once  to  himself,  with  the  deference  due  to  his  age  and  extraordinary 
talents,  his  passions  upon  that  subject  did  prevent  his  otherwise  superior  reason  from 
seeing,  that  even  in  a  political  light  only  he  hurt  himself  and  wounded  society,  by  striking 
at  establishments  upon  which  the  conduct  at  least  of  society  depends,  and  by  striving 
to  overturn  in  their  minds  the  systems  which  experience  at  least  has  justified,  and 
which  at  least  has  rendered  respectable,  as  necessary  to  public  order  and  private  peace, 
without  suggesting  to  men's  minds  a  better  or  indeed  any  system.'    See  a  very  elegant 
Criticism  on  the  Philosophical  Works  of  Bolingbroke,  in  Mr.  Ward's  Tremaine,  vol. 
ui.p.316 — 334;  and  Rose's  excellent  Note  in  Marchmont  Papers,  vol.ii.  p.  230.  On 
his  character  and  abilities,  see  Social  Life  of  England  and  France,  by  Miss  Berry,  p. 
303.    The  anonymous  letter  to  Warburton,  on  his  treatment  of  Bolingbroke  in  his 
View  of  his  Philosophy,  was  by  the  great  Lord  Mansfield.    M.  de  St.  Lambert  com- 
posed an  E«say  on  the  Life  and  Works  of  Lord  Bolingbroke,  at  the  request  of  Lord 
Corobury.    S«*  hia  P°sthumo««  Works. 


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1 1 2  Cookts  Uittory  of  Lord  BoVmgbroke. 


Pope  was  once  shocked  to  hear  Warburton  and  Spence  discoursing 
on  Bolingbroke's  denial  of  the  attributes  of  the  Deity.   Those  who  have 
uot  Leland's  work  at  hand,  will  derive  satisfaction  from  the  very  able 
manner  in  which  Mr.  Cooke  has  conducted  his  arguments,  but  which  are  far 
too  extended  for  us  either  to  extract  or  abridge,  as  they  occupy  nearly  fifty 
pages  of  his  volume.    The  best  that  can  be  said  of  these  works  of  Boling- 
broke  is,  that  the  disposition  of  his  arguments  is  often  managed  with  consi- 
derable skill ;  and  that  his  language  is,  as  usual,  copious,  elegant,  and  flow- 
ing.  The  political  pamphlets  which  he  gave  to  the  world  on  different  occa- 
sions, and  the  various  treatises  either  published  in  self-defence,  or  for  the 
purpose  of  embarrassing  and  wounding  his  enemies,  and  his  exposition  of 
the  true  interest  and  of  the  designs  of  the  European  states,  perhaps  at  pre^ 
sent  form  the  most  valuable  part  of  his  writings.    '  Lord  Bolingbroke's 
strength  (says  Goldsmith)  lay  in  the  province  of  politics ;  for  as  a  philo- 
sopher and  critic  he  was  ill  qualified,  being  destitute  of  virtue  for  the  one, 
and  of  learning  for  the  other.    His  writings  against  Walpole  are  compa- 
ratively the  best  part  of  his  works    The  personal  and  perpetual  antipathy 
he  had  for  that  family,  to  whose  places  he  thought  his  own  abilities  had  a 
right,  gave  a  glow  to  his  style  and  an  edge  to  his  manner,  that  has  never 
been  yet  equalled  in  political  writing.    His  misfortunes  and  disappoint- 
ments gave  his  mind  a  turn  which  his  friends  mistook  for  philosophy,  and 
at  one  time  of  his  life  he  had  the  art  to  impose  the  same  belief  on  some  of 
his  enemies:    His  idea  of  a  patriot  king,  which  1  reckon  (as  indeed  it  was) 
amongst  his  writings  against  Walpole,  is  a  mastei piece  of  diction.  Kven 
in  his  other  works  nis  style  is  excellent ;  but  where  a  man  either  does  not 
or  will  not  understand  the  subject  he  writes  on,  there  must  always  be  a 
deficiency.    In  politics,  he  was  generally  master  of  what  he  undertook,  in 
morals  uever.'    His  letter  to  Windham  is  one  of  the  roost  carious  of  his 
works,  and  gave,  as  it  has  been  truly  said,  a  deadly  and  incurable  blow  to 
the  folly  and  madness  of  Jacobitistn,  and  is  also  of  great  value  as  regards 
the  history  of  the  times.    Mr.  Cooke  says — *  Had  this  work  alone  sur- 
vived, it  would  have  sufficed  to  place  its  author  among  the  first  writers  of 
the  age,  and  among  the  classic  authors  of  his  couutry.    The  forcible  argu- 
ment, the  clear  narrative,  and  the  polished  style,  which  distinguish  this 
production,  will  be  admired  as  long  as  the  language  iu  which  it  is  written 
will  last.    It  will  be  studied  with  equal  pleasure  as  a  portion  of  history 
which  is  no  where  else  to  be  obtained,  and  as  a  piece  of  elegant  composi- 
tion which  has  seldom  been  surpassed.'  * 

Warburton  said,  that  his  '  Occasional  Writer,'  (the  first  stroke  in  his 
long-continued  pursuit  against  Walpole,)  is  one  of  the  best  things  Boling- 
broke  ever  wrote.  His  papers  in  the  '  Craftsman'  are  pointed  with  all  the 
keenness  of  political  invective  j  and  his  letters  on  English  History,  uuder 
the  name  of  Oldcastle,  will  be  read  with  interest  and  instruction,  even  now 
that  the  ingenuity  of  the  parallelisms,  the  poignancy  of  the  satire,  and  the 
felicity  of  the  allusions  are  no  longer  sought  for  or  enjoyed.  *  1  am  not 
sure,'  says  an  author  who  has  chosen  a  fictitious  narrative  f  as  a  channel 
to  convey  some  historic  truth, '  whether  the  most  brilliant  passages,  the 
most  noble  illustrations,  the  most  profound  reflections,  and  the  most  useful 
truths,  are  not  to  be  gathered  from  the  least  popular  of  Bolingbroke's  writ- 
ings—his political  tracts.'    The  correspondence  t  of  the  retired  philoso- 


*  See  Cooke's  Life,  vol.  ii.  p.  26.  f  See  Devereux,  vol.  iii.  p.  9. 

t  There  were  a  great  many  MSS.  letters  of  Bolingbroke  in  the  poeseBsion  of  the 


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Cooke  s  History  of  Lord  Bolingbroke. 


,13 


yher,  for  such  Was  the  character  he  loved  his  friends  to  think,  and  perhaps 
persuaded  himself  that  he  bad  assumed,  is  distinguished  for  the  animation, 
Mid  ease,  and  gracefnlness  of  its  manner ;  though  it  is  filled  too  much  with 
lofty  professions  of  bis  disinterested  views,  or  querulous  lamentations  over 
his  fallen  fortunes  j  and  though  there  is  too  much  of  the  rhetorician's  dis- 
play, in  his  constant  eulogy  of  friendship,  which  he  chose  to  designate  by 
the  general  name  of  virtue,*  and  which  seemed,  in  his  acceptation,  to 
embrace  every  thing  tbat  was  valuable  in  the  world. 

Swift's  intimacy  with  Bolingbroke,  during  all  his  variety  of  fortune,  and 
indeed  from  his  early  possession  of  power  to  the  latest  period  of  his  life, 
is  as  well  known  as  his  great  admiration  of  him  ;  it  will  be  as  well,  there- 
fore, to  recal  to  mind  the  portrait  which  he  has  left  of  his  illustrious 
friend.  "  It  happens,"  f  he  says,  "  to  very  few  men  in  any  age  or  country 
to  come  into  the  world  with  so  many  advantages  of  nature  and  fortune  as 
the  late  Secretary  Bolingbroke ;  descended  from  the  best  families  in  Eng- 
land, heir  to  a  great  patrimonial  estate,  of  a  sound  constitution,  and  a  most 
{graceful  and  amiable  person  :  but  all  these,  had  they  been  of  equal  value, 
were  infinitely  inferior  in  degree  to  the  accomplishments  of  his  mind, 
which  was  adorned  w  ith  the  choicest  gifts  that  God  has  yet  thought  fit  to 
bestow  upon  the  children  of  men  ;  a  strong  memory,  a  clear  judgment,  a 
vast  range  of  wit  and  fancy,  a  thorough  comprehension,  an  invincible 
eloquence,  with  a  most  agreeable  elocution.  He  had  well  cultivated  all 
these  talents  by  travel  and  study  j  J  the  latter  of  which  he  seldom 
omitted  even  in  the  midst  of  his  pleasures,  of  which  he  had  been  indeed 
too  great  and  criminal  a  pursuer;  $  for  though  he  was  persuaded  to  leave 


Duchess  of  Portland  (see  Warton's  Pope,  toI.  ii.  p.  307),  and  also  many  curious  ones 
ia  the  Egremont  Collection  of  Papers  (see  Bowles's  Supplement,  p.  241).  There  are 
many  letters  to  him  in  Aaron  Hill's  Works,  vol.  i,  p.  270  top,  290.  Besides  his  cor- 
respondence in  4  yols.  by  Mr.  J.  Parke,  some  letters  of  Bolingbroke  are  preserved  in 
Pope's  works,  and  some  in  the  Marchmont  Papers.  •  The  Correspondence  published 
by  Parke  brings  to  light,  says  Archdeacon  Coxe,  many  proofs  of  the  weakness  and  infa. 
taition  of  the  British  Cabinet,  which  would  not  otherwise  be  credible.  '  Vide  Memoirs 
of  Spain,  vol.  ii.  p.  56. 

*  Pope  says,  Lord  Bolingbroke's  usual  toast  after  dinner  was — "  To  friendship  and 
liberty."  When  Pope  said,  in  his  dying  hours,  « There  is  nothing  meritorious  but  virtue 
aad  friendship,  and  friendship  is  only  a  part  of  virtue/ — Bolingbroke,  on  being  told  of 
it,  said,  *  Why,  to  be  sure,  that  it  the  whole  duty  of  man.* 

t  See  Inquiry  into  the  behaviour  of  the  Queen's  last  Ministry. 

i  Yet  Bolingbroke  was  not  a  scholar  or  man  of  learning ;  he  had  little  or  no 
knowledge  of  Greek  ;  his  Latin  inscriptions  are  not  classical  or  correct ;  even  his 
French  correspondence  is  inelegant,  and  often  contrary  to  the  idiom  of  the  language  ; 
*ad  Pope  confessed  that  he  knew  little  of  painting,  sculpture,  or  architecture. 
He  was  fond  of  disposing  gardens  and  ornamenting  grounds,  &c.  See  an  account  of 
his  seat  "  La  Source,"  near  Orleans,  in  Cradock's  Memoirs,  p.  162  ;  a  view  of  it  ia 
given  in  the  Academie  des  Inscriptions.    His  house  at  Dawley  has  been  pulled  down, 

$  Old  Mr.  Mildmay,  who  died  within  the  remembrance  of  many  persons  now  alive, 
had  been  in  early  youth  appointed  Bolingbroke's  private  Secretary.  In  a  previous 
interview  with  St.  John,  he  was  desired  by  him  to  delay  entering  on  his  functions 
on  the  day  first  proposed*  because  he,  the  Secretary  of  State,  recollected  that  on  that 
day  he  tkouid  be  exceedingly  drunk.  See  Social  Life  of  England  and  France,  p.  306. 
Tncre  are  some  French  verses  on  an  amour  of  Bolingbroke's,  in  Lcs  Memoires  de  la 
Duchesne  d' Orleans,  p.  289,  with  a  tiUc  echappee  du  Couvent,  beginning, 

Bolingbroke,  est  tu  posset? 

Quel  est  ton  desir  chimerique, 
De  t'amuser  a  chevaucher 

La  fill?  de  Saint  Dominique  ?  &o. 

Tku  character  remained  with  him  even  to  his  declining  year*,  and  was  the  ciuae  of 
Qneen  Anne's  dislike  of  him.  *  .  ' 

Oust.  Ma«.  Vol.  IV.  H 


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114  Cooke  $  History  of  Lord  Boli*jbroke.  [Aug. 

off  intemperance  in  wine,  which  he  did  for  some  time  to  soch  a  degree 
that  he  seemed  rather  abstemious ;  yet  he  was  said  to  allow  himself  other 
liberties,  which  can  by  no  means  be  reconciled  to  religion  and  morals ; 
whereof,  I  have  reason  to  believe,  he  began  to  be  sensible.  Bat  he  was 
fond  of  mixing  pleasure  and  business,  and  of  being  esteemed  excellent  in 
both.  Upou  which  account  he  had  a  great  respect  for  the  characters  of 
Alcibiades  and  Petronius,  especially  the  latter,  whom  he  would  be  gladly 
thought  to  resemble.  His  detractors  charged  him  with  some  degree  of 
affectation,  and  perhaps  not  altogether  without  grounds  ;  since  it  was 
hardly  possible  for  a  young  man,  with  half  the  business  of  the  nation  upon 
him,  and  the  applause  of  the  whole,  to  escape  some  tincture  of  this 
infirmity.  He  had  been  early  bred  to  business,  was  a  most  artful  nego- 
ciator,  and  perfectly  understood  foreign  affairs.  But  what  I  have  often 
wondered  at,  in  a  man  of  his  temper,  was  his  prodigious  application  when- 
ever he  thought  it  necessary ;  for  he  would  plod  whole  days  and  nights 
like  the  lowest  clerk  in  an  office.  His  talent  for  speaking  in  public,  for 
which  he  was  so  very  much  celebrated,  I  know  nothing  of  except  from 
the  information  of  others ;  but  understanding  men  of  both  parties  have 
assured  me,  that  in  this  point,  in  their  memory  and  judgment,  he  was  never 
equalled." 

Let  us  complete  and  authenticate  this  sketch  of  Swift  s,  by  a  few 
strokes  from  the  pencil  of  the  roost  accomplished  courtier,  and  one  of  the 
keenest  observers  of  his  day.  1  have  often,"  *  writes  Lord  Chesterfield 
to  his  son,  "  asserted  that  the  profoundest  learning  and  the  politest  man- 
ners are  by  no  means  incompatible,  though  so  seldom  found  uuited  in  the 
same  person  j  Lord  Bolingbroke  is  a  strong  instance  on  my  side  .of  the 
question.  He  joins  to  the  deepest  erudition  the  most  elegant  politeness 
and  good  breeding  that  ever  any  courtier  and  man  of  the  world  was  adorned 
with.  And  Pope  very  justly  called  him, '  All-accomplished  St.  John,*  with 
regard  to  his  knowledge  and  his  manners.  He  had,  it  is  true,  his  faults, 
which  proceeded  from  unbounded  ambition  and  impetuous  passions ;  but 
they  have  now  subsided  by  agef  and  experience }  and  I  can  wish  yon 


Nor  is  old  St.  John  guilty  less  of  folly, 
Though  some  perhaps  may  call  it  melancholy. 
He  would  not  willingly  consent  'tis  so, 
But  rather  be  thought  mad  than  not  a  beau. 

St.  James's  Park,  a  Satyr. 

•  See  Chesterfield's  Letters,  by  Mrs.  Stanhope,  vol.  ii.  p.  301,  ed.  eleventh. 

f  Lord  Chesterfield's  statement  of  the  tranquillity  of  Bolingbroke's  latter  years  is  not 
borne  out  by  the  following  testimony.  "  As  to  the  rules  of  conduct  to  be  given  by 
this  noble  writer,  I  hope  they  will  not  be  such  as  governed  him ;  for  should  they 
make  us  what  they  have  left  him,  virtue  would  be  no  gainer.  None  of  the  boisterous 
patriot*  of  his  youth  restrained,  none  of  the  peevish  or  mischievous  ones  of  his  old 
age  mitigated  or  allayed ;  envy,  ambition,  anger,  gnawing  and  burning  in  his  heart  to 
the  last."  Vide  Mrs.  Montagu's  Letters,  vol.  ill.  p.  179.  When  Bolingbroke  was 
very  old,  in  his  retirement  at  Battersea,  it  was  customary  for  many  people  to  pay 
their  respects  to  him,  chiefly  with  a  view  of  seeing  and  conversing  with  a  character 
so  distinguished.  Among  others  Lord  Chatham,  then  a  young  man,  called  on  htm  ; 
but  found  him  pedantic,  angry,  fretful  with  his  wife,"  flee.  This  anecdote  was  com- 
municated by  Lord  Chatham  to  the  late  Marquis  Lansdowne.  See  Scott's  ed.  of 
Swift,  vol.  xvii.  p.  276.  Warburton  says,  that  Bolingbroke  was  overcome  with 
terrors  and  excessive  passion  in  his  last  illness  ;  after  one  of  his  fits  of  passion  he  way 
overheard  by  Sir  H.  Mildmay  complaining  to  himself  and  saying,  "  What  will  my 
poor  soul  undergo  for  all  these  things?"  Lord  Chesterfield  says,  when  he  parted 
from  Bolingbroke  in  the  tortures  of  his  last  illness,  Bolingbroke  said,  "  God,  who 
placed  me  here,  will  do  what  he  pleases  with  me  hereafter  ;  and  he  knows  best  what 
to  do." 


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€350  Cooke  s  History  of  Lord  Bolinybroke. 


nothing  better  than  to  be  what  he  is  now,  without  being  what  he  has  been 
formerly.  His  address  pre-engages,  his  eloquence  persuades,  and  his  know 
Woe  informs  all  who  approach  him." 

Lord  Chesterfield  subsequently  expanded  this  sketch  into  a  more  com* 
plete  and  finished  picture.    "  I  desire  that  you  will  read  Lord  Boling- 
broke's book,*  which  he  published  about  a  year  ago.    I  desire  that  you 
will  read  it  over  and  over  again  with  particular  attention  to  the  style,  and 
to  all  those  beauties  of  oratory  with  which  it  is  adorned.    Till  I  read  that 
book,  1  confess  I  did  not  know  all  the  extent  and  powers  of  the  English 
language.    Lord  Bolingbroke  has  both  a  tongue  and  a  pen  to  persuade ; 
his  manner  of  speaking  in  private  conversation  is  full  as  elegant  as  his 
writings.    Whatever  subject  he  either  writes  or  speaks  upon,  he  adorns 
it  with  the  most  splendid  eloquence ;  not  studied  or  laboured  eloquence, 
but  such  a  flowing  happiness  of  diction,  which  (from  care  perhaps  at 
first)  is  become  so  habitual  to  him,  that  even  his  most  familiar  conver- 
sations, if  taken  down  in  writing,  would  bear  the  press,  without  the  least 
correction  either  as  to  method  or  style.    If  his  conduct,  in  the  former  part 
of  bis  life,  had  been  equal  to  all  his  natural  and  acquired  talents,  he  would 
most  justly  have  merited  the  epithet  of  all-accomplished.    He  is  himself 
sensible  of  his  past  errors  j  the  violent  passions  which  seduced  him  in  his 
youth,  have  now  subsided  by  age  j  and  take  him  a£  be  is  now,  the  cha- 
racter of  all -accomplished  is  more  his  due  than  any  man's  I  ever  knew  in 
my  Kfe.    But  he  has  been  a  most  mortifying  instance  of  the  violence  of 
human  passions,  and  of  the  weakness  of  the  most  exalted  human  reason. 
His  virtues  and  his  vices,  his  reason  and  bis  passions,  did  not  blend  them- 
selves by  a  gradation  of  tints,  but  formed  a  shining  and  sudden  contrast. 
Here  the  darkest  and  there  the  most  splendid  colours  ;  and  both  rendered 
more  shining  from  their  proximity.    Impetuosity,  excess,  and  almost  ex- 
travagancy, characterised  not  only  his  passions,  but  even  his  senses.  His 
youth  was  distinguished  by  all  the  tumult  and  storm  of  pleasures,  in  which 
he  most  licentiously  triumphed,  disdaining  all  decorum.    His  fine  imagi- 
nation was  often  heated  and  exhausted  with  his  body,  in  celebrating  and 
deifying  the  prostitute  of  the  night ;  f  and  his  convivial  joys  were  pushed 
to  all  the  extravagancy  of  frantic  Bacchanals.   These  passions  were  inter- 
rupted but  by  a  stronger — ambition.    The  former  impaired  both  his  con- 
stitution and  character  :  but  the  latter  destroyed  both  his  fortune  and 
reputation.    He  has  noble  and  generous  sentiments,  rather  than  fixed 
reflected  principles  of  good- nature  and  friendship  ;  but  they  are  more 
violent  than  lasting  j  and  suddenly  and  often  varied  to  their  opposite  ex- 
tremes, with  regard  even  to  the  same  persons.    He  receives  the  common 
attentions  of  civility  as  obligations,  which  he  returns  with  interest ;  and 
resents  with  passion  the  little  inadvertences  of  human  nature,  which  be 


*  Letters  on  the  spirit  of  Patriotism  and  the  idea  of  a  Patriot  King.  41  The  most 
unmeaning  of  all  Bolingbroke's  treatises,  and  which,  as  said  C.  Powniatowsky,  the 
late  unhappy  King  of  Poland,  proves  nothing  at  all.''  See  Warton's  Pope,  vol.  i. 
p.  34.  Lord  Bolingbroke  had  trusted  Pope  to  get  six  copies  of  his  Letters  on  Pa- 
triotism printed  off ;  after  Pope's  death  it  was  discovered  that  he  had  secured  a  vast 
number  of  copies  for  his  own  benefit.  What  aggravated  Lord  Bolingbroke's  exposing 
kis  friend  was  that,  after  his  own  death,  it  %va»  discovered  that  he  had  secretly  pre- 
ferred a  copy  of  Dr.  Middleton'e  Essay  on  Prayer,  which  hie  Lordehip  hadpereuaded 
the  Doctor's  es  ecu  tore  to  burn.   Vide  Horace  Walpole's  Memoirs,  p.  195. 

t  Voltaire,  in  the  twelfth  volume  of  his  Letters,  says,  "  J'aime  mieux  ce  que  disait. 
)  Sf4  compagnons  la  plus  fameuse  Caton  de  Londres.  "  Mes  soeurs,  Bolingbroke  est 
<kclar*  auiourdhui  Secretaire  d'Etatl  Sept  mille  guineas  de  rente,  mes  soeurs,  et  tout 
nous  I M  Voltaire  denies  that  Bolingbroke  ever  said  to  him,  *•  You  and  I  and 
are  the  only  three  men  living  fit  to  reign." 


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H6  Qootes  History  tf  Lord  Bolitigbfokt.  "lAu&. 

repays  w itl*  interest  loO ;  even  a  difference  of  opinion  opdn  philosophical 
subjects  would  provoke,  aod  prove  him  no  practical  philosopher  at  all* 
Notwithstanding  the  dissipation  of  his  youth,  and  the  tumultuous  agitation 
of  his  middle  age,  he  has  an  infinite  fund  of  various  and  almost  universal 
knowledge,  which,  from  the  clearest  and  quickest  conception,  and  hajy-* 
piest  memory  that  ever  .man  was  blessed  with,  he  always  carries  about 
him.    It  is  his  pocket  money;  and  he  never  has  occasion  to  draw  upofff 
a  book  for  any  sum.    He  excels  more  particularly  hi  history,  as  his  his-? 
torical  works  plainly  prore.    The  i dative  political  and  commercial  in- 
terests of  every  country  in  Europe,  particularly  of  his  own,  are  better 
known  to  him  than  perhaps  to  auy  man  in  it ;  but  how  steadily  he  has 
pursued  the  latter  in  bis  public  conduct,  his  enemies  of  all  parties  and 
denominations  tell  with  joy.    He  engaged  young,  and  distinguished  litizv^ 
self  in  busiuess,  and  his  penetration  was  almost  intuitive.    I  ast  old 
enough  to  have  heard  him  speak  in  Parliament;  and,  I  remember  tbatr 
though  prejudiced  against  him  by  party,  I  felt  all  the  force  and  charms  of 
his  eloquence.   Like  Belial,  in  Milton,  '  he  made  the  worse  appear  the 
better  cause.'    All  the  internal  and  external  advantages  and  talents  of  an 
orator  arc  undoubtedly  his  ;  figure,  voice,  elocution,  knowledge,  and  above 
all,  the  purest  and  most  florid  diction,  with  the  justest  metaphors  and 
happiest  images,  had  raised  him  to  the  post  of  Secretary  of  War  at  four- 
and-twenty  years  old,  an  age  at  which  others  are  hardly  thought  fit  for  the 
smallest  employments.    During  his  long  exile  in  Frauce,  he  applied  him- 
self to  study  with  Ids  characteristic  ardour,  and  there  he  formed,  and 
chiefly  executed,  the  plan  of  a  great  philosophical  work.   The  common 
bounds  of  human  knowledge  arc  too  narrow  for  his  warm  and  aspiring- 
imagination.    He  most  go  '  extra  flammantia  mcenia  mundi,'  and  explore 
the  unknown  and  unknowable  regions  of  metaphysics,*  whieh  open  an  on- 
bounded  field  for  the  excursions  of  an  ardent  imagination  j  where  endless 
conjectures  supply  the  defect  of  unattainable  knowledge,  and  toe  often 
usurp  both  its  name  and  influence.    He  was  a  very  handsome  person,  with 
a  most  engaging  address  in  his  air  and  manners ;  he  has  all  the  dignity 
and  good  breeding  which  a  man  of  quality  should  or  can  have,  and  which 
so  few  in  this  country,  at  least,  really  have.     He  professes  himself  a 
Deist,  believing  in  a  general  Providence,  but  doubting  of,  though  by  no 
means  rejecting,  as  is  commonly  supposed,  the  immortality  of  the  soul  and 
a  future  state.    Upon  the  whole,  of  this  extraordinary  man  what  can  we 
say,  but,  *  Alas  !  poor  human  nature  V  " 

Such  are  the  valuable  tributes  of  admiration  paid  alike  by  the  courtier 
and  the  divine,  by  the  man  of  taste  and  fashion,  and  by  the  splenetic 
scholar,  to  the  character  of  Bolingbroke  j  and  when  we  add  to  these 
the  still  more  lavish  and  profuse,  though  equally  sincere,  eulogies  of  Pope; 
when  we  consider  that  his  acute uess  and  knowledge  of  mankind  admirably 
fitted  him  to  estimate  the  qualities  of  his  friends,  that  he  lived  in  the  most 
unreserved  intercourse  with  Bolingbroke,  and  that  in  a  community  of 
studies  he  had  the  best  opportunities  to  estimate  the  extent  of  his  natural 
endowments  and  his  acquired  learning ;  with  these  authorities  before  us, 
if  we  still  withhold  our  assent  to  the  universal  acknowledgment  of  Boling- 
broke's  superiority,  it  must  arise  from  causes  which  an  ingenuous  and 
candid  mind  would  be  unwilling  to  acknowledge.  But  with  all  these  ad* 
vantages,  whieh  ought  to  have  raised  him  and  maintained  him  in  the 
highest  station  which  his  ambition  could  desire,  or  his  country  bestow, 

*  Bolingbroke  always  called  them  his  4wfi-Metuphy8ic». 


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*83dJ  Cooke  s  HUtory  of  Lord  Boiing broke.  f  1 ; 

there  fras  one  fatal  drawback  alike  to  his  fortunes  and  his  fame.  There 
was— shall  we  £all  it  a  vanity  >  a  restless  aspiring  vanity,  which  was  per- 
petually urging  him  to  mouut  fo  the  outmost  height  of  power  and  fame, 
nwdless  of  the  means  by  which  he  was  advanced  or  could  be  supported  ; 
which  made  bira  thirst  for  distinctions  however  questionably  acquired, 
and  which  blinded  him  as  to  the  real  value  of  the  ends  w  hich  he  pursued, 
and  the  honourable  fame,  and  self-respect,  and  high  integrity  of  will  and 
deed,  which  he  eagerly  lavished  in  the  fatal  purchase  of  that  which,  so 
unworthily  acquired,  could  not  be  permanently  or  peaceably  maintained. 
To  this  must  be  added  a  violence  of  feeling,  and  passions  that  never  knew 
control;  an  obliquity  of  judgment,  and  a  perverse  ingenuity  of  thought, 
which  found  its  pleasure  in  speculation  and  scepticism  of  every  kind ,  and 
which  loved  to  walk  apart  from  all  the  received  notions,  the  established 
troths,  and  the  approved  conclusions  of  the  world.    Aud  it  must  not  be 
concealed,  that  there  was  also  a  want  of  that  strict  integrity,  that  pure 
sense  of  honour,  that  firmness  and  principle,  which  form  the  only  solid 
security  of  the  statesman's  fame ;  and  which  were  peculiarly  wanted  to  watch 
with  jealousy  over  the  rashness  of  Bolingbroke's*  excited  feelings,  and  pre- 
serve him  from  the  danger  and  disgrace  to  which  they  led.    It  was  this  that 
led  him  to  struggle  to  maintain  his  power  and  place  under  auy  sacrifices,  and 
by  the  most  unhallowed  means  j  it  was  this  that  led  to  the  hasty  and  inglo- 
rious peace  of  Utrecht  j  it  was  this  that  drew  a  still  darker  cloud  over 
his  fame  in  the  desertion  of  his  old  and  faithful  allies,  in  the  face  of  the 
strongest  professions,  and  the  most  confirmed  engagement ;  it  was  this 
that  aroused  the  suspicion,  aud  awoke  Harley*  to  the  intrigues  forming 
against  him,  and  which  subsequently  led  to  their  separation  and  fall ;  it 
was  this  unquiet  and  insane  ambition  that  plunged  Bolingbroke  into  the 
lowest  degradation  when  he  joined  the  forlorn  and  wretched  fortunes  of 
the  Pretender,  grasped  at  the  miserable  shadow  of  a  mock  secretaryship,  f 
sought  to  plunge  that  country  in  civil  war  which  had  just  cast  him  from  her 
bosom,  and  fell  at  once  under  the  contemptuous  scorn  of  bis  enemies  aud 
the  unavailing  sorrow  of  his  friends  j  it  was  this  that  induced  him  to  for- 
get his  word,  his  honour,  his  integrity,  and  break  the  pledge  he  had  given 
to  Lord  Stair  j  |  "it  was  this  insatiate  feeling,  this  unworthy  desire  of 
fame,  that  made  him  the  bitter  enemy  of  Christianity,  and  gave  him 
the  melancholy  notoriety  of  being  the  leading  infidel  of  his  age.  To 
gain  this  unenviable  pre-eminence  he  sacrificed  talents,  and  acquirements, 
and  reputation,  and  peace  of  mind,  and  such  advantages  as  fortune  be- 
stows, but  at  very  distant  intervals  on  her  favourites  among  the  sons  of 
men.   Proud,  impetuous,  and  resentful,  the  slave  of  unwarrantable  pas- 
sion and  insatiable  ambition,  he  seemed  to  live  only  amidst  political  con- 
vulsions and  personal  animosities,  and  wild  aud  daugerous  speculations, 

4  His  shining  throne  built  on  the  ruin  was, 
Of  fame,  of  true  religion,  and  of  law.' 

r   " — —  ■  — — — ~  

*  The  first  hint  that  appears  of  St.  John's  jealousy  of  Harley,  is  to  be  found  in  his 
letter  to  Mr.  Drummond,  dated  18th  May,  1711.  Dr.  Warton  once  saw  two  original 
letters  of  Bolingbroke  to  Lord  Oxford,  full  of  the  most  fulsome  flattery  of  the  man 
whom  he  affected  to  despise  ;  they  were  in  the  possession  of  the  Duchess  of  Portland. 

t  See  Cooke's  Life,  vol.i.  p.  370,  371,  409.  and  vol.  ii.  p.  2.  7. 

X  See  instances  of  duplicity  alleged  in  Cooke's  Life,  vol.  i.  p.  314,  323.  329,  332 
to  336'.  Addison  called  him  (from  Shakspeare),  "  that  cankered  Bolingbroke."  Lm!y 
K.  W.  Montagu  always  refused  to  be  acquainted  with  him.  Coxe's  Life  of  Sir  R. 
V  ilpole  ought  ib  be  read  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Cooke's  Life  of  Bolingbroke  ;  the 
»aterf  from  the  well  of  truth  must  be  drawn  from  these  two  buckets. 


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118  Cooke  8  History  of  Lord  Bolingbroke.  [Aug. 


Bolingbrokc  has  been  compared  to  the  illustrious  orator  of  Rome  j  but 
if  we  concede  to  him  a  not  inferior  eloquence,  he  must  still  yield 
in  the  correctness  of  his  judgment,  and  the  mature  deliberation  of  his 
opinions.  As  a  philosopher  and  man  of  letters,  he  was  inferior  in  the 
depth  of  his  erudition,  the  sobriety  of  his  views,  and  in  critical  taste  and 
knowledge  j  and  he  was  totally  wanting  in  that  modest  reverence  for 
established  opinions  and  character,*  which  was  so  conspicuous  a  feature 
in  the  Roman  orator,  and  which,  without  lessening  its  own  freedom  or 
dignity,  rather  seemed  to  maintain  or  elevate  them,  in  the  jealous  anxiety 
which  it  exhibited  for  the  preservation  of  them  in  others.t  We  must 
conclude  with  extracting  the  following  passage  from  Mr.  Cooke's  pages : 

"  Some  years  after  Bolingbroke's  death,  a  little  work  was  published,  called,  '  A 
Vindication  of  Natural  Society/  purporting  to  have  been  written  daring  his  residence 
at  Battersea.  The  argument  goes  to  shew  that  the  division  of  mankind  into  artificial 
classes,  into  nations  and  tribes,  has  been  productive  of  the  greatest  misery  to  the 
human  race.  The  disastrous  concomitants  of  conquest  are  painted  in  their  sternest 
colours,  and  the  evils  inseparable  from  every  form  of  government  enumerated.  But 
what  the  ultimate  object  of  the  work  is,  it  is  difficult  to  ascertain.  It  sufficiently 
proves,  what  has  never  been  doubted,  that  all  human  institutions  are  imperfect,  and 
that  misery  exists  under  every  form  of  government ;  but  if  it  is  attempted  to  be 
argued,  because  Agricola  met  with  ingratitude,  and  Anaxagoras  lived  in  exile,  anarchy 
is  preferable  to  the  despotism  of  Rome  and  the  democracy  of  Athens,  we  should 
rather  doubt  the  author's  sanity  than  attempt  to  argue  him  out  of  his  opinion. 
This  work  is  not  Bolingbroke's  ;  no  copy  of  it  was  found  among  his  papers,  nor  was 
any  proof  ever  offered  of  its  genuineness.  The  peculiarities  of  his  style  are  sometimes 
pretty  closely  imitated,  and  his  enemies  were  eager  to  believe  that  he  was  equally 
an  enemy  to  government  and  religion ;  but  the  attentive  observer  of  Bolingbroke's 
■tyle  of  thinking  and  writing  will  readily  detect  the  imposition.  The  imitation  is 
often  overdone.  There  are  some  of  his  peculiarities,  but  we  look  in  vain  for  his 
beauties." 

How  singular  that  a  person  of  Mr.  Cooke's  acquaintance  with  literature, 
should  not  have  known  that  this  work,  so  happily  aud  skilfully  executed, 
was  the  first  production  of  Burke's  pen,  j  and  forms  the  first  treatise  in  his 
works  ! 


THE  NEW  RECORD  COMMISSION. 
No.  II. 

The  Close  Roll*  of  King  John. 
(Concluded  from  Vol.  III.  page  587 .) 

WE  now  proceed  to  the  third  great  incident  in  the  reign  of  King  John,  his  quarrel 
with  his  Barons.  When  we  consider  the  important  influence  which  Magna  Charta 
has  ever  exercised  over  the  minds  and  manners  of  the  people  of  this  country;  bow 
deeply  its  wise  and  liberal  principles  have  been  rooted  in  the  hearts  of  all  men,  from 
the  period  of  their  first  enunciation  down  to  the  present  time,  how  much  they  have 
contributed  towards  raising  our  legislature  and  jurisprudence  to  the  high  rank  which 
they  deservedly  occupy  in  the  estimation  of  other  nations,  we  shall  probably  conclude 
that  no  subject  can  be  more  interesting  to  Englishmen,  than  the  history  of  those 


•  It  has  been  observed  that  Bolingbroke  never  mentions  Shqftsbury,  to  whom  he 
was  indebted  for  many  of  his  arguments. 

f  We  recommend  Mr.  Cooke's  xx.  and  xxi.  chapters  to  our  readers'  attention, 
in  which  Bolingbroke's  character  as  a  philosopher  and  a  writer  is  examined  with 
judgment,  taste,  and  impartiality. 

X  On  this  treatise  consult  Prior's  Life  of  Burke,  p.  44.  Both  Lord  Chesterfield 
and  Warburton  believed  it  to  be  genuine.  Mallet  went  to  Dodiley's  shop  on  purpose 
to  disavow  it. 


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1 835.]  The  Close  Rolls  of  King  John.  119 

important  transactions  out  of  which  Magna  Charta  emanated.  It  will  be  gratifying  to 
learn  that  the  present  records  pour  a  clear  and  brilliant  light  upon  many  incidents  of 
this  period  which  have  hitherto  been  concealed,  and  strongly  confirm  others,  which 
have  rested  upon  doubtful  or  insufficient  authority. 

The  King  returned  from  his  last  expedition  into  Poitou,  about  the  15th  October, 
EH.*    After  hurrying  about  the  country  from  place  to  place,  in  his  usual 
r,  we  find  him  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  on  the  4th  of  the  following 
177.)    It  was  there,  and  at  that  time,  that  the  Barons  produced  to 
kirn  the  Charter  of  Henry  I.,  and  conferred  with  him  as  to  a  renewal  of  its  provisions. 
The  King  received  the  application  coldly,  and  the  Barons  in  consequence  bound 
themselves  to  one  another  by  an  oath,  to  persevere  in  their  demand.    Their  next 
application  was  made  during  his  stay  at  the  New  Temple,  London,  where  he 
remained  from  the  9th  to  the  15th  of  January,  1215.    He  put  tbem  off  till  Easter, 
agreeing  that  he  would  then  satisfy  all  their  reasonable  demands.    In  the  mean  time, 
ire  find  him  occupied  in  repairing  his  castles;  Colchester,  Wallingford,  Corfe, 
Hertford,  the  Tower,  Scarborough,  Northampton,  Mountsorell,  Berkbampstead, 
York,  Norwich,  Oxford,  Dover,  Winchester,  and  various  others  are  enumerated  as 
having  money  laid  out  on  them  in  repairs,  besides  sums  applied  to  the  same  purpose, 
but  without  the  mention  of  what  places  they  were  expended  upon.  Men-at-arms 
were  scattered  about  the  country,  and  writs  in  the  following  form  sent  with  them. 

*•  The  King  to  Philip  March,  &c.  We  send  to  you  William  Roillard,  Peter  de 
Lctes,  Ralph  de  Letes,  Ralph  de  Wyme,  Ernald  de  Waverana,  and  Oliver  de  Pun*' 
cbard,  knights,  commanding  that  they  lie  at  night  within  our  castle  of  Nottingham, 
and  their  horses  and  harness  lie  within  the  bailey,  and  when  you  send  to  us  for  money 
for  the  use  of  those  who  are  now  with  you,  we  will  send  you  money  for  their  use,  as 
much  as  is  their  due.  And  see  well  that  they  have  arms  and  harness,  such  as  knights 
ou^ht  to  have.  Witness  myself  at  Selveston,  the  17th  day  of  February  [1215]."— 
p.  188. 

Stores  and  provisions  were  laid  up  in  the  castles,  many  towns  were  hurdled  or  for- 
tified, and  balista?  and  quarrels*  despatched  to  various  parts  of  the  country.  Whilst 
the  King  was  thus  making  his  preparations,  the  Barons  were  not  idle.  They 
collected  an  army  of  2000  knights,  besides  horsemen,  servants,  and  men  on  foot 
armed  in  a  variety  of  ways;  and  at  the  bead  of  this  motley  assembly,  advanced 
towards  the  King,  shortly  after  Easter.  After  a  fruitless  attempt  at  negotiation, 
the  Barons  applied  themselves  to  the  siege  of  Northampton,  but  their  want  of 
petraries  and  other  warlike  instruments  rendered  success  impossible,  and  after  the 
lost  of  fifteen  days  they  relinquished  the  attempt,  and  proceeded  to  Bedford,  where 
the  castle  gates  were  opened  to  them  by  William  Beauchamp.  There  the  citizens 
of  London  sent  them  word  that  they  would  be  willingly  received  into  the  metropolis. 
Tbey  accordingly  advanced  by  a  forced  march,  through  Ware,  and  entered  London  on 
tbe  24th  May,  1215.  In  the  meantime  the  King  continued  his  preparations  for 
defence.  Arms  were  provided  for  his  followers,  and  the  following  knightly  equip- 
ments for  himself. 

**  Tbe  King  to  Reginald  de  (Jornhull  and  William  Cook,  &c.  We  command  you 
that  in  all  haste  you  cause  to  be  made  for  our  use,  five  coats  of  arms,  and  five  banners 
of  our  arms,  well  ornamented  with  gold ;  and  the  expence  you  shall  be  at  herein,  by 
the  view  and  testimony  of  lawful  men,  shall  be  allowed  you  at  the  Exchequer. 
Witness  myself  at  Woodstock,  the  6th  day  of  April,  in  the  16th  year  of  our  reign 
[1215]."— p.  193  b. 

The  lands  of  Robert  Fitz  Walter,  the  General  of  the  army  of  the  Barons,  or  as  he 

*  Matt.  Paris  says  "xiiii.  Calend.  Novembris,"  fp.  175.)  that  is,  on  the  10th 
October,  but  there  is  a  writ  tested  at  Dartmouth,  on  the  15th  October,  arid  several 
at  Corfe  on  the  17th  October,  (p.  17a) 


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120  TheNkw  Record  Commission— No.  II.  [Aug. 

was  designated,  "  Marshal  of  the  Army  of  God  and  Holy  Church,"  were  seized  by 
the  King,  and  those  belonging  to  him  in  Cornwall  given  to  Prince  Henry,  (p.  200;; 
those  of  Robert  de  Ver,  in  Devonshire,  were  given  to  Reginald  dc  Valletort  (ibid.) ; 
and  by  a  general  precept,  the  Sheriff  of  Berks  was  directed  to  let  the  Earl  of  Salis- 
bury have  full  seizin  of  all  the  lands,  fees,  and  chatties  of  those  knights  who  were 
**  against  the  King  with  Henry  Earl  of  Hereford,"  and  held  of  the  honor  of  Trow- 
bridge, and  if  any  of  them  resisted,  they  were  to  be  immediately  seized  and  firmly 
kept  until  the  King  otherwise  commanded,  (ibid.)  Similar  dispositions  were  made 
of  the  lands  of  many  others  of  the  associated  Barons;  Henry  de  Braybroc  was  parti, 
cularly  distinguished  by  the  King's  anger,  as  appears  by  the  following  writ,  which 
breathes  a  violent  spirit  of  revenge. 

'  "  The  King  to  Geoffrey  de  Marfeny,  greeting.  We  command  you  that,  imme- 
diately upon  sight  of  these  letters,  you  take  unto  our  hands,  for  our  use,  all  the  lund 
of  Henry  de  Braybroc,  utterly  destroying  his  houses,  and  doing  whatever  you  will 
with  his  goods ;  but  let  Hugh  de  Boseo  have  the  horse  which  we  sent  to  Geoffrey 
de  Corlang.    Witness  myself  at  Troubridge,  the  14th  day  of  May  [1215]  ."— p.200. 

The  next  day  the  Manor  of  Horsendon,  which  belonged  to  Henry  de  Braybroc,  was 
given  to  Philip  de  Pery — (ibid.) 

If  we  had  space  to  transcribe  a  few  of  the  writs  which  occur  at  this  period,  they 
would  be  found  to  give  as  clear  a  delineation  of  the  state  of  public  affiursas  can  now  be 
found  in  the  pages  of  our  daily  papers.  Whilst  on  the  one  side  the  King  is  giving 
away  the  lands  of  the  Barons,  on  the  other,  he  is  endeavouring  to  allay  some  rising 
discontent  at  Bristol,  by  sending  for  twelve  of  the  most  discreet  citizens  to  meet 
him  that  very  day,  (  Sunday  next  after  the  feast  of  St.  Pan  eras,)  in  order  that  he  may 
expound  to  them  his  will.  The  writ  which  contains  this  direction,  exhibits  the  state 
of  the  country  by  characteristically  directing  that,  at  the  same  time,  and  probably  by 
way  of  safe  conduct,  forty  hogsheads  of  wine  should  be  sent  to  him  at  Marlborough, 
and  twenty  to  Devises.  The  state  of  Bristol  is  further  exhibited  by  a  writ,  which 
although  imperfect,  can  be  made  out  to  be  directed  to  Peter  de  Cancel  I,  whom  we 
believe  to  have  been  the  keeper  of  the  King's  wines  at  that  port.  It  directs  him  to 
go  to  the  King's  Treasure  House,  taking  with  him  certain  persons,  and,  in  their  sight, 
to  break  the  locks,  and  put  on  new  locks,  the  keys  of  which  are  to  be  kept  under  the 
seals  of  the  persons  appointed,  and  nothing  is  to  be  abstracted  without  their  presence. 
About  the  same  time  there  is  another  imperfect  writ,  the  object  of  which  was  to  ob- 
tain a  reinforcement  of  men  from  the  King's  remaining  possessions  abroad;  Engelram 
de  Prcns  "  and  all  his  people,"  are  dispatched  as  an  addition  to  the  garrison  of  the 
castle  of  Bridgenorth ;  Southampton  is  called  upon  to  furnish  a  carriage  and  ropes 
to  draw  petrariea  and  mangonels;  and  the  Sheriff  of  Gloucester  is  directed  to  send  to 
Corfe,  "  under  safe  custody,  and  by  a  secure  route,"  one  mangonel  and  one  petrary, 
with  all  the  apparatus  belonging  to  the  same.  (p.  200  b.)  The  King  seems  to  have 
been  aware  that  he  could  not  meet  his  enemies  in  the  field ;  and  his  policy,  therefore, 
was  to  fortify  his  castles,  and  thus  keep  the  Barons  at  bay  until,  he  could  obtain 
succour  from  abroad. 

The  possession  of  the  capital  greatly  aided  the  cause  of  the  Barons.  Many  of  the 
waverers  declared  for  them,  and  many  of  the  King's  adherents  deserted  him,  so  that 
at  Odiham,  where  he  was  on  the  9th  of  June,  1215,  (p.  214  b.)  he  had  a  poor  retinue 
of  only  seven  knights.  He  betook  himself  to  Windsor,  (ibid.)  and  thence  despatched 
messengers  to  the  Barons.  The  celebrated  meeting  at  Runnymcde  was  arranged ; 
and  there  the  provisions  of  Magna  Charta  were  assented  to.  The  terms  of  treaty 
were  finally  settled  on  the  12th  of  June,  1215,  although  writs  are  found  dated  at 
Runnymedc  several  days  later,  (p.  215  b,  216.)  On  the  19th,  the  following  extraor, 
clinary  document  passed  under  the  great  seal. 


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1635.1 


The  Close  Rolls  of  King  John. 


121 


"Thefttng  to  the  Earl  of  Salisbury,  Greeting.    Know  you  that  peace  has  been 
concluded,  in  this  manner,  between  us  and  our  Barons,  upon  the  condition  that  we 
shall  immediately  restore  all  lands  and  castles  and  rights,  from  whence  we  have 
caused  any  one  to  be  disseised  unjustly,  and  without  judgment.    We  however 
requested  a  respite  from  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  as  to  the  restoration  of  his  lands  from 
whence  we  have  caused  him  to  be  disseized,  but  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  any 
respite  as  to  the  cultivated  lands,  but  only  as  to  the  castle  of  Troubridge  we  have  a 
respite  until  Sunday  next,  after  the  feast  of  St  John  the  Baptist.    And,  therefore, 
we  command  you  that  of  all  the  cultivated  lands  whereof  you  have  seizin  by  our 
precept,  you  cause  the  same  earl,  or  his  messenger,  the  bearer  of  these  presents,  to 
have  full  seizin  without  delay.    Witness  myself  at  Windsor,  the  19th  day  of  June, 
[1215.]— p.  215. 

Writs  were  at  the  same  time  directed  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Hampshire,  Dorsetshire, 
Somersetshire,  and  Wiltshire,  apprising  tbem  of  the  redelivery  of  the  Earl  of  Here- 
ford's lands,  and  the  manor  of  Troubridge,  save  only  the  castle  of  Troubridge,  and 
commanding  them  that  the  knights  who  were  tenants  of  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  but 
had  done  military  service  to  the  Earl  of  Salisbury,  should  in  future  render  the  same 
to  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  (p.  215.)  The  peace  between  the  King  and  the  Barons 
Mas  followed  by  a  variety  of  restitutions,  the  writs  for  which  appear  upon  these  rolls. 
Many  of  them  are  stated  to  proceed  upon  the  ground  that  the  King  had  disseized  the 
parties  unjustly,  of  bis  mere  will,  and  without  legal  judgment.  Henry  de  Braybroc 
had  a  writ  of  restitution  dated  at  Runnymede,  the  23rd  of  June. — (p.  216  b.) 

The  case  with  which  the  King  was  induced  to  consent  to  the  terms  of  Magna 
Charta,  is  attributed  by  all  our  historians  to  craft.  Upon  bis  submission,  the  Barons 
had  no  longer  any  pretence  for  keeping  on  foot  their  army,  which  was  consequently 
at  once  disbanded,  and  the  King  thus  relieved  from  all  present  fear.  He  immediately 
dispatched  messengers  to  the  Pope  to  procure  a  release  from  the  engagements  he  had 
entered  into,  and  the  assistance  of  the  Church  in  the  prosecution  of  his  plans.  He 
srho  had  himself  bent  before  the  papal  thunders,  could  not  but  attribute  great 
tfficacy  to  their  power.  The  Barons  had  anticipated  this  course,  and  bound  him 
not  to  adopt  it,  but  the  ink  with  which  the  Articuli  Magna*  Charta?  was  written,  had 
scarcely  had  time  to  dry,  before  his  messengers  were  on  their  way  to  Rome.  The 
court  of  Rome  took  up  his  cause  as  he  expected ;  the  Charter  was  annulled,  and  the 
Barons  were  excommunicated.  Messengers  from  Rome  arrived  at  Marlborough, 
where  the  king  was  staying,  on  the  16th  August,  1215,  (p.  226.)  and  shortly  after- 
wards we  find  hhn  repairing  to  Dover,  where  he  awaited  the  landing  of  bis  foreign 
auxiliaries.  From  the  1st  of  September  he  seems  to  have  thrown  off  all  disguise; 
his  castles  were  openly  repaired,  fortified,  and  supplied  with  men  and  warlike  stores  ; 
his  knights  were  scattered  amongst  them.;  ships  and  arms  were  sent  for  from  Ireland 
"  for  the  defence  of  our  land;*'  armour  was  supplied  to  his  followers,  and  foreign 
troops  arrived  daily.— Cp  226-230)  The  first  indication  of  actual  hostilities  occurs  on 
the  8th  October,  when  there  is  an  order  to  deliver  certain  prisoners,  unless  they  were 
taken  with  arms  in  their  hands. — (p.  230  b.)  On  the  13th  October,  we  find  that 
the  King  had  advanced  to  Rochester,  where  he  laid  close  siege  to  the  castle.— 
(p.  231.)  It  was  was  held  by  William  d'Aubeny  on  behalf  of  the  Barons,  and 
hittory  records  flew  more  gallant  defences.  In  the  mean  time  the  Barons,  who  had 
long  exhibited  extraordinary  supinencss,  aroused  themselves  to  exertion,  and  marched 
through  the  country,  doing  all  the  damage  in  their  power  to  those  who  adhered 
to  the  King,  (p.  233.)  but  apparently  not  having  guffieient  force  to  attack  him  in  the 
field.  John  would  not  be  diverted  by  their  partial  ravages,  but  remained  at  Rochester 
for  seven  weeks,  diligently  prosecuting  the  siege.  During  this  time  we  find  a  minute 
•ccwmt  of  the  condition  of  the  country  in  the  records  before  us.  Grants  innumerable 
of  the  lands  of  the  King's  enemies  were  made  to  all  classes  of  persons ;  even  the 


G'*.nt.  M a«.  Vot.  IV. 


R 


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122  The  New  Record  Commission — No.  II.  [A.ug. 

lowest  officers  in  his  household,  and  the  foreigners  in  his  employ,  shared  in  bin 
tyrannical  bounty.  Writs  occur  for  the  payment  of  the  money  for  the  passage  into 
England  of  the  foreign  troops  who  appear  to  have  been  principally  mere  adventurers 
who  hired  a  ship,  and  upon  their  arrival  in  England,  went  to  the  royal  camp  with 
a  tender  of  their  services,  leaving,  however,  some  of  their  number  behind  them  as 
hostages  for  the  payment  of  tbeir  passage. — (p.  237.)  Perhaps  nothing  can  more 
clearly  indicate  the  disturbed  state  of  the  country  than  such  a  writ  as  the  following, 
directed  to  the  Governor  of  Corfe  Castle,  and  relating  to  a  subject  which,  in  all  his 
troubles,  occupied  a  great  share  of  the  attention  of  King  John the  management  of 
his  hawks. 

"  The  King  to  Peter  de  Maulay,  &c  We  send  into  your  parts,  our  faithful 
Geoffrey  de  Hauville  with  our  girfalcons,  which  we  wish  to  have  exercised  in  the 
parts  of  Dorchester.  And,  therefore,  we  command  you  to  find  all  things  necessary 
for  the  said  Geoffrey,  and  those  who  may  be  with  him,  so  long  as  they  are  in  those 
parts,  and  we  wish  you  to  send  some  of  your  people  to  guard  our  girfalcons  when 
they  go  out  to  let  them  fly.  Witness  myself  at  Rochester,  the  10th  day  of  Novem- 
ber.—[1215.]"— p.  233  b. 

During  the  siege  of  Rochester,  there  are  several  writs  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
supplies  of  stores  and  warlike  instruments.  The  following  may  probably  be  con- 
sidered worthy  of  extract. 

"  The  King  to  the  Bailiffs  of  Canterbury,  &c.  We  command  you  that,  as  you  love 
yourselves,  immediately  upon  sight  of  these  letters,  day  and  night,  you  cause  to  be 
made  as  many  pickaxes  as  you  possibly  can.  So  that  all  the  workpeople  throughout 
the  w  hole  of  your  city,  laying  aside  all  other  labours,  make  pickaxes,  and  those  which 
are  ready,  and  the  others  as  they  shall  be  finished,  do  you  send  to  us  to  Rochester  in 
all  haste.  And  the  cost  you  shall  be  at,  by  the  view  and  testimony  of  lawful  men, 
shall  be  allowed  you  at  the  Exchequer.  Witness  myself  at  Rochester,  the  13th  day 
of  October,  in  the  17th  year  of  our  reign  [1215.]"— p.  232  b. 

Rochester  surrendered  on  the  30th  November,  1215,  but  the  King  remained  there 
until  the  5th  December,  (p.  210  b.)    We  find  at  p.  2U  b.  the  disposition  of  the 
prisoners  whom  John  is  said  to  have  ordered  to  be  hanged, — a  cruelty,  the  odium  of 
which  he  was  spared  by  the  intercession  of  Savory  de  Malaon.    William  d'Aubeny, 
Reginald  de  Cornhill,  and  ten  others  of  the  principal  persons,  were  sent  to  Corfe , 
to  be  kept  there  in  safe  custody ;  others  of  them  were  distributed  amongst  the  royal 
castles.    The  loss  of  Rochester  was  for  a  time  fatal  to  the  cause  of  the  Barons . 
At  the  head  of  his  mercenary  followers  the  King  scoured  the  country  from  south  to 
north,  burning,  ravaging,  and  destroying  in  every  direction,  and  granting  to  his 
followers  the  lands  of  the  unhappy  Barons.    Iiis  course  from  Rochester  to  Berwick 
may  here  be  clearly  traced,  almost  day  by  day.    The  majority  of  the  writs  relate  to 
violent  transfers  of  lands  to  the  persons  immediately  about  him,  sometimes  in  pay- 
ment of  services  already  rendered,  and  sometimes  upon  condition  of  future  fidelity. 
Of  the  latter  class  is  the  following. 

"  The  Sheriffs  of  Lincolnshire,  Buckinghamshire,  Norfolk,  and  Suffolk  are  com- 
manded that  they  let  Robert  de  Ferrers  have  all  the  lands  which  belonged  to  Roger  de 
Cressy,  with  all  their  appurtenances  in  their  Bailiwicks,  which  the  Lord  the  King 
has  granted  bim  by  an  agreement  made  between  the  Lord  the  King  and  the  said 
Robert,  to  wit,  that  the  said  Robert  will  serve  the  Lord  the  King,  himself  with 
five  knights,  throughout  all  the  present  war  between  the  Lord  the  King  and  the 
Barons  of  England,  and  as  often  as  the  Lord  the  King  has  occasion  for  his  service ; 
and  after  the  said  war  he  will  do  to  the  King  such  service  as  is  due  from  the  said  land. 
Witness  the  King  at  Colchester,  the  18th  day  of  March.  [1216.]"-  p.  254. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  barbarity  not  at  all  unexampled  in  degree,  although 
we  have  not  met  with  any  thing  exactly  similar  in  kind. 

"  Roger  Earl  of  Chester  is  commanded  that  the  Lord  the  King  is  well  pleased 
that  if  the  house  of  Raunulphus  Fitz  Payne  in  Richmond  be  such  as  he  has  reported 


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1835.] 


The  Clo$e  Roll*  of  King  John. 


1  23 


it  to  the  Lord  the  King  to  be,  it  may  stand  and  remain  entire,  during  such  time  as  be 
has  it  in  the  present  manner  ;  and  if  it  happens  that  the  said  Rannulphus  shall  return 
to  the  peace  of  the  Lord  the  King,  the  Lord  the  King  is  well  pleased  that  it  should 
be  pulled  down.  Witness  the  King  at  Selvestone,  the  6th  day  of  March  [1216]."— 
p.  251. 

The  general  treatment  of  the  houses  and  castles  of  the  Barons  at  this  time,  may  be 
jodged  from  the  following : 

-  The  King  to  Thomas  of  Edinton,  greeting.  We  command  you  that,  taking 
with  you  our  forces,  you  go  without  delay  to  the  castle  of  Tamewro*,  and  having  taken 
thereout,  and  retained  to  our  use,  all  the  prisoners,  horses,  arms,  and  other  harness 
found  therein,  you  immediately  cause  it  to  be  levelled  with  the  ground.  Witness 
myself  at  Lexinton,  the  30th  day  of  December  [1215]."— p.  244  b. 

The  Barons  seem  at  this  time  to  have  despaired  of  their  cause.    Many  of  them 
returned  to  their  allegiance,  paying  the  King  fines  to  be  restored  to  their  desolate 
estates,  finding  security  for  their  future  fidelity,  and,  in  some  instances,  giving  their 
sons  and  daughters  as  hostages  (p.  249,  250).    As  the  King  advanced  through  the 
country,  be  levied  on  the  tenantry  « tenseriae' — black  mail,  or  payments  for  protec- 
tion ;  which,  with  the  plunder  of  the  Barons'  estates,  probably  constituted  his  prin- 
cipal revenue  at  this  time.    In  March  1216,  a  very  important  success  attended  him  in 
the  surrender  of  Framlingham  castle,  and  the  return  to  his  sen-ice  of  a  great  many 
knights  and  gentlemen  who  had  held  out  against  him  in  that  stronghold    A  minute 
hbtory  of  this  transaction  might  be  gathered  from  the  Records  before  us,  and,  as  it 
has  not  been  noticed  by  the  historians  of  the  place,  we  intended  to  have  embodied 
some  of  its  very  curious  details,  but  our  want  of  space  admonishes  us  of  the  impossi- 
bility  of  doing  so.    At  pp.  254,  255,  are  lists  of  the  knights  who  surrendered,  and 
the  names  of  their  hostages,  with  statements  of  the  relationships  of  the  latter  to  the 
persons  for  whose  fidelity  they  were  answerable,  which  might  be  found  useful  to  the 
genealogist.    After  the  surrender  of  Framlingham,  and  several  castles  in  Essex,  the 
King  advanced  southwards,  with  the  apparent  intention  of  dispossessing  the  Barons 
from  the  capital,  which  had  always  remained  faithful  to  them.    The  citizens  of  Lon- 
don threw  open  their  gates,  and  with  a  display  of  courage  somewhat  unusual,  advanced 
to  meet  the  King.    Their  demonstration  was  successful ;  the  King  saw  that  he  could 
have  no  hope  of  safety  in  a  metropolis  so  resolute  in  its  opposition  to  him,  and  turned 
off  from  Enfield  to  Berkbampstead,  and  thence  to  Windsor  (p.  258).    It  is  about 
this  time  that  we  find  the  following  extraordinary  evidence  of  the  King's  temper  and 
disposition,  and  of  the  practices  towards  his  revolted  subjects  which  met  with  his  ap- 
probation. 

"  The  King  to  the  Sheriff  of  Lincolnshire,*  &c.  We  command  you  that  without 
delay  you  take  into  our  hands  all  the  lands  of  those  who  have  not  returned  to  our 
peace,  and  of  those  who  did  return  to  our  peace,  and  have  since  revolted ;  and  that  in 
all  haste  you  do  with  their  lands  what  you  think  will  be  to  our  advantage,  and  that 
joq  study  to  revenge  us  upon  them  by  means  of  their  lands  and  persons,  in  such  man- 
ner that  we  may  return  you  our  thanks,  and  may  hear  talk  of  the  revenge  you  have 
taken.  We  also  give  you  the  land  with  the  appurtenances  which  belonged  to  John 
the  Fleming  towards  your  maintenance  in  our  service.  Witness  myself  at  Reading, 
the  6th  day  of  April  [1216]."— p.  259. 

The  occasion  of  this  barbarous  writ  probably  was  that  the  Barons,  taught  by  the 
King's  example,  had  now  sought  for  foreign  assistance.  Driven  to  extremities  by  the 
unprincipled  and  inhuman  conduct  of  their  feudal  lord,  they  offered  to  transfer  their 
allegiance  to  Prince  Louis  of  France,  who  shortly  after  this  time  prepared  to  land  in 
•England  to  their  assistance.   John  endeavoured  to  oppose  his  landing  by  every  pos- 


*  The  name  of  this  worthy  appears  to  have  been  Ralph  Ridell. — (p.  259.) 


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124  The  Xbw  Record  Commission.'— No.  II.  [Aug. 

stble  means.  He  summoned  all  the  ships  from  all  the  ports  to  meet  at  tbe  mouth  of 
the  Thames  (p.  270),  and  issued  a  general  proclamation  inviting  all  those  who  bad 
previously  opposed  him  to  return  to  tbeir  allegiance  within  one  month  after  Easter, 
and  excepting  only  those  who  had  abjured  their  sovereign;  that  is,  those  wbo  bad 
offered  to  recognise  Louis  as  their  Lord  (p.  270  b).  But  tbe  tide  of  affairs  was  now 
upon  the  turn.  A  strong  north-easterly  wind  prevented  Louis  from  reaching  the 
Thames,  and  drove  him  upon  the  isle  of  Thanet,  where  he  landed  on  the  21st  May, 
1216,  escaping  John's  fleet,  which  was  stationed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames.  John, 
wbo  was  at  that  time  at  Dover,  was  no  soonet  apprised  that  the  French  prince  had 
effected  his  landing,  than  he  fled  to  Guildford,  and  thence  to  Winchester,  leaving 
Hubert  de  Burgh  in  possession  of  Dover  castle.  The  following  writ  is  one  of  many 
which  prove  that  the  King's  means  were  now  exhausted,  and  that  his  mercenaries  had 
become  clamourous  for  payment  of  their  allowances. 


"  The  King  to  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Justiciary  of  England,  &c.  We  command  you- 
that  with  the  money  we  caused  to  be  delivered  to  you  when  we  left  you,  and  our  other 
effects  which  are  in  our  castle,  you  pay,  as  well  as  you  are  able,  the  knights  and 
servants  who  are  with  you  in  our  castle.  Out  of  the  same  also  make  a  payment  on 
account  to  Peter  de  Crohun,  and  Joldewin  de  Dowe,  and  R.  de  Rodes,  and,  if  it  is 
not  sufficient,  let  us  know,  and  we  will  tell  you  where  you  may  take  more.  Witness 
myself  at  Devizes,  the  9th  day  of  June  [1216J."— (p.  274  b.) 

We  soon  find  that  the  Barons,  under  the  command  of  tbeir  new  master,  are  in  pos- 
session of  the  field.  Tbey  pursue  the  King,,  who  retreats  to  Corfe,  and  thence  writes 
to  Winchester  as  follows  : 

"  The  King  to  Robert  de  Barevill,  &c.  We  command  you  that  you  put  to  your 
own  use  all  tbe  stores  of  our  castle  of  Winchester;  and  all  the  wine,  as  far  as  ten 
hogsheads  of  wine,  we  have  given  to  Payne  de  Cbawortb,  and  if  any  wine  remains 
over  aud  above  the  said  ten  hogsheads,  do  with  it  as  you  will,  so  that  our  enemies  do 
not  receive  any  advantage  therefrom.  Witness  myself  at  Corfe,  the  8th  day  of  July 
[1216J."— p.  276. 

The  progress  the  Barons  were  making  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  is  evident 

from  tbe  following : 

"  The  King  to  Philip  Mark,  &c.  We  command  you  that  of  the  wooden  balista? 
which  you  have  in  your  custody,  you  let  Geoffrey  de  Serland  have  as  many  balista?  as 
you  judge  necessary  for  tbe  defence  of  our  house  of  Salvata,  and  help  him  as  much  as 
you  can  in  these  and  other  matters.  Witness  myself  at  Corfe,  the  1 6th  day  of  July 
[1216]."— p.  276. 

We  have  also  at  this  time  another  writ  to  the  person  before  directed  to  study  tbe 
art  of  revenge  on  the  King's  behalf.    It  is  worthy  of  his  former  fame. 

u  The  King  to  Ralph  Ridelt,  &c.  We  command  you  that  you  deliver  the  castle  of 
Laffbrd  to  the  Bailiffs  of  tbe  Lord  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  if  they  will  receive  it;  but  if 
not,  do  towards  the  castle  in  such  manner,  either  by  altogether  pulling  it  down,  or 
else  by  undermining  it,  that  it  may  fall,  and  our  enemies  have  no  advantage,  and  we 
incur  uo  danger  therefrom.  Witness  the  King  at  Hereford,  the  30th  day  of  July 
[1216]."— p.  279. 

Tbe  skilful  defender  of  Rochester  at  this  time  obtained  his  deliverance  by  a  fine  of 
6000  murks,  and  seizin  of  his  estates  was  delivered  to  '  Agatha  Trussebut,'  his  wife, 
in  order  that  she  might  raise  the  money  to  pay  this  enormous  fine."— (p.  280.) 

For  some  months  after  the  landing  of  Louis,  John,  unable  to  oppose  bis  enemies 
openly,  marched  about  the  country  destroying  with  fire  and  sword  in  every  direction. 
After  that  time  his  prospects  brightened ;  Louis  disgusted  many  of  his  new  subjects ; 
Worcester  was  captured  from  the  Barons  (p.  282);  several  of  them  returned  to  their 
allegiance;  Lynn  received  the  King  willingly,  and  entered  vigorously  into  his  plans 


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1835.]  The  Close  Roll*  of  King  John.  125 

foe  opposing  the  foreign  prince ;  but  in  the  midst  of  Una  new  turn  of  fortune,  death 

ameupon  him,  and  be  sank  under  the  weight  of  his  complicated  troubles  on  the  19th 

October  1216,  in  the  49th  year  of  his  age. 
We  trust  that  our  hurried  and,  we  are  conscious  extremely  imperfect  sketch  of  the 

manner  in  which  public  affairs  are  illustrated  by  these  records,  will  suffice  to  convince 
our  readers  of  their  value.    Nor  is  that  value  confined  to  the  light  they  throw  upon 
the  civil  and  military  transactions  of  the  times ;  we  have  selected  those  subjects  for 
the  substance  of  our  paper,  because  they  tend  to  exhibit  these  records  in  a  point  of 
view  in  which  we  have  not  seen  them  presented  to  the  public;  but  in  the  estimation 
of  many  persons,  the  infinity  of  illustrations  they  contain  of  the  customs,  dress,  dietr 
manner?,  and  general  condition  of  the  people,  the  information  they  yield  to  the  topo- 
grapher, the  genealogist,  and  the  biographer,  may  appear  to  be  of  greater  interest. 
We  had  marked  for  extract  many  entries  upon  all  these  subjects,  but  the  length  o£ 
which  our  paper  has  already  extended,  prevents  us  from  availing  ourselves  of  more 
than  a  very  few  of  them.* 

There  are  a  vast  many  entries  relating  to  the  supply  of  wine  for  the  royal  house- 
hold.   The  various  sorts  of  wine  we  have  found  noticed  are  those  of  Gascony  (p» 
&6  b.);  of  Poitou  (p.  225) ;  of  Aucerre  (p.  129);  Vinum  Francum  (p.  151);  Vinun* 
Gallicum  (p.  157);  Aurelian  (p.  183) ;  Mussac  (p.  68  b.);  wine  of  Anjou  (p.  99  b.); 
Vinum  de  Ublenc  (p.  44);  and  Vinum  de  Prisa  (ibid).    The  wines  are  further  die- 
tinguisbed  into  white  and  red  (p.  96  b.).   *  Vinum  dispensable,*  or  wine  for  ordinary 
use  (p.  98  b.) ;  and  wine  <  ad  os  nostrum'  (p.  101  b.),  wine  for  the  King's  especial 
drinking.    At  p.  126,  b.  is  mention  of  *  old  wine  of  the  past  year,'  and  orders  are 
often  given  for  4  good  and  durable'  wine  (p.  101).    John's  taste  in  wine  occasionally 
appears  in  his  sending  back  wines  purchased  for  him,  which  did  not  please  his  palate 
(p.  149  b.) :  and  also  in  the  particularity  in  his  orders  respecting  wine  to  be  sent  to 
him,  intimating  that  he  bad  given  directions  that  it  should  not  be  received  if  it  were 
not  good  (p.  152).    The  quantities  mentioned  are  the  *  dolium,'  or  hogshead,  and  the 
*  tunellus,'  or  '  tun.'    The  prices  are  not  very  various ;  thus,  eight  marks  for  2 
hogsheads  (p.  101);  two  marks  and  a  half  for  each  of  24  hogsheads,  provided  for  the 
Christmas  feast  in  1207  (p.  103  b.) ;  20  shillings  per  hogshead  for  wine  of  Gascony 
and  Anjou;  and  2  marks  for  a  single  hogshead  of  Aucerre  (p.  217  b»);  30  shillings 
for  a  hogshead  of  old  Gascon  wine  (p.  267) ;  501. 8*.  for  thirty-six  hogsheads  (p.  266  b.); 
and  2  marks  and  a  half  for  each  of  55  hogsheads  (p.  145).    In  the  last  instance, 
the  writ,  as  printed,  states  the  price  at  two  marks,  but  the  calculation  shews  it  was 
two  marks  and  a  half.    In  a  writ  (p.  27)  20  marks  are  directed  to  be  paid  for  two 
hogsheads  of  wine  (p.  27),  but  surely  that  must  be  a  mistake. 

The  royal  charities  appear  to  have  been  conducted  in  a  methodical  manner,  and 
upon  a  very  extensive  scale.  They  were  enrolled,  and  the  roll  was  apparently  kept 
by  the  Treasurer  or  Chamberlain.  They  were  continued  from  sovereign  to  sovereign 
(p.  58  b.) ;  as  one  recipient  died,  his  place  wan  supplied  by  another  (p.  8  b.) ;  and, 
occasionally,  grants  were  made  of  the  first  *  three  half-pence  or  two-pence  per  day,* 
that  should  become  vacant.  Sometimes  the  recipients  were  paid  by  the  bailiffs,  or 
other  officers  of  towns  held  in  farm,  and  the  amount  charged  to  the  King  at  the  Ex- 
chequer (p.  273  b.)    The  stated  receivers  of  the  King's  alms,  in  money,  were  gene- 

•  Our  readers  will  find  some  of  these  points  ably  enforced  in  a  series  of  excellent 
articles  upon  the  Close  Rolls,  published  in  the  year  1834,  in  the  Atheneum  ;  a  work 
conducted  in  a  manner  highly  creditable  not  merely  to  its  proprietors,  but  to  the  state 
of  English  literature.    'The  writer  of  those  articles  puzzled  himself  as  to  the  meaning 

of'  Gariofih:    It  is  evidently  the  source  of  the  French  «  Girofie,'  and  may  be  found 

in  Ducangc  (edit.  Venet  1738),  translated  by  that  word. 


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126  The  New  Record  Commission. — No.  II.  [Aug. 

rally  ecclesiastics  (p.  153  b.  and  176);  but  there  seems  also  to  have  been  a  distribu- 
tion of  the  unused  meats  amongst  poor  persons  who  no  doubt  crowded  round  the 
royal  household  wherever  it  happened  to  be.  At  p.  89,  is  a  charge  of  2  marks  and  a 
hulf  and  five  pence  for  repairing  the  trenchers  used  upon  these  occasions.  In  1213 
we  find  a  writ  directed  to  the  prior  and  brethren  of  the  hospital  of  St.  Bartholomew 
in  Oxford,  commanding  them  to  receive  Adam  de  Brebulle,  a  sick  clerk,  to  find  bim 
with  necessaries,  and  to  present  him  to  the  first  vacancy  that  occurred  in  their  esta- 
blishment (p.  139).  Some  years  earlier  there  occurs  a  writ  sent  to  the  prior  of 
Kenilworth  with  a  lunatic,  who  pretended  to  be  the  King's  son  or  nephew,  and  who 
had  been  supported  for  a  long  time  by  the  Abbot  of  Reading,  out  of  respect  to  the 
King — (p.  86.) 

Patronage  of  literature  could  not  be  anticipated  in  such  stormy  times,  and  under 
such  a  violent  monarch,  but  there  are  many  entries  which  are  interesting,  as  con- 
nected with  literary  persons  and  works.  On  the  29th  April,  1205,  the  king,  at  the 
end  of  an  order  for  the  transmission  of  various  quantities  of  wine  to  Northampton 
and  Windsor,  adds,.4  Send  us  also  immediately  upon  receipt  of  these  letters,  the 
Romance  of  the  History  of  England'  (p.  29  b.)  Just  after  the  publication  of  the 
interdict,  we  find  the  king  giving  a  receipt  to  the  sacrist  of  Reading  for  various 
books  which  had  been  in  the  custody  of  the  Abbot  of  Reading.  The  books  were, 
•  Six  books  of  the  Bible,  in  which  was  contained  all  the  Old  Testament ;  the  first 
part  of  the  Bible  and  the  sacraments  of  Master  Hugh  de  St.  Victor;  the  Sentences 
of  Peter  Lombard;  the  Epistolae  de  Civitate  Dei  of  Augustine;  Augustine  upon 
the  third  part  of  the  Psalter;  the  books  of  Valerian  de  Moribus ;  the  treatise  of  Ori- 
gen  upon  the  Old  Testament;  and  the  book  of  Candidus  A  nanus  ad  Marium. 
(p.  108.)  A  few  days  afterwards  the  king  acknowledged  to  have  received  at  Wa- 
verley,  from  Simon  his  chamberlain,  «  his  book  called  Pliny,'  which  had  also  been  in 
the  custody  of  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  Reading,  (p.  106  b.)  At  p.  106  is  a  notice 
of '  Master  Walter  Map,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford,'  the  translator  of  the  Romance  of  the 
Saint  Graal,  and  the  person  from  whom  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  obtained  the  original 
of  his  British  History.  At  p.  117  b.  there  occurs  a  reference  to  the  affairs  of  the 
celebrated  Petrus  Blesensis.  We  cannot  do  more  than  direct  the  attention  of  all 
future  biographers  to  these  entries.  Connected  with  the  subject  of  literature,  we  may 
also  notice  the  following  writ,  which  occurs  at  p.  27  b. 

«  The  King  to  William  de  Cornhulle.  We  command  you  that  you  let  Geoffrey, 
the  bearer  of  these  presents,  frequent  the  schools  at  Winchester,  and  find  him  in  all 
things  reasonably  necessary,  and  let  us  know  what  expense  you  are  put  to,  and  it  shall 
be  accounted  to  you.    Witness  myself  at  London,  the  13th  day  of  April  [1205.] 

Whether  or  not  the  bearer  of  this  writ  was  Geoffrey,  one  of  the  king's  illegitimate 
children,  we  have  not  been  able  to  satisfy  ourselves.  The  entry  seems  scarcely  con- 
sistent with  others  clearly  relating  to  Geoffrey,  the  king's  son.  (See  p.  3  b.  35  b. 
57.)  Many  notices  of  John's  children,  both  legitimate  and  illegitimate,  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  work :  as  well  as  entries  relating  to  other  branches  of  his  family  ;  his 
wives,  his  mother,  his  niece,  and  his  sister-in-law  Berengaria,  the  widow  of  Richard  I. 
Upon  some  of  these  occasions  we  find  indisputable  proof  of  the  king's  personal  inter- 
ference in  the  composition  of  these  documents;  to  what  precise  extent  that  inter- 
ference was  carried,  cannot  be  ascertained  with  very  great  accuracy,  but>iany  of  the 
documents  bear  the  king's  mark  clearly  impressed  upon  them.  Witness  the  following : 

*  The  King  to  Robert  de  Barevill  greeting.  We  command  you  that  you  deliver  to 
the  bearer  of  these  presents  certain  iron  cuirasses  for  the  use  of  Colin  de  Molis,  be- 
cause we  have  given  them  to  him.  And  let  us  know  the  condition  of  our  son.  We 
are  very  much  astonished  that  we  have  heard  nothing  from  you  upon  this  subject  since 


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1  fhe  Close  Rolls  of  King  John.  1 27 

our  departure.  Witness  myself  at  Canterbury,  the  21st  day  of  September  [1215.] 
p.  229. 


Robert  de  Barevill  was  keeper  of  the  king's  armour,  but  at  what  place  we  have  not 
seen  mentioned.  This  precept  was  issued  during  the  short  peace  between  the  king 
and  the  Barons,  subsequent  to  the  signature  of  Magna  Charta ;  and  1  the  departure' 
mentioned  in  it,  probably  alludes  to  his  departure  from  Windsor  or  Oxford.  If  so,  of 
coarse  Barevill  was  stationed  at  one  of  those  places. 

The  personal  interference  of  the  king  is  manifested  also  by  references  to  directions 
verbally  given  by  the  king.    Thus,  at  p.  195,  permission  is  granted  to  inclose  a  park, 
according  to  metes  and  divisions, 4  which  we  have  mentioned  to  you  by  word  of  mouth.' 
Many  of  the  letters  are  indeed  private  letters  in  the  strictest  sense,  and  doubtless 
proceeded  from  the  king's  direction  or  dictation.    For  example,  the  letter  to  Terric 
Le  Ties,  written  shortly  after  the  king's  arrival  in  England,  p.  175,  which  begins  with 
thanking  God  that  he  had  got  back  again  safe  and  well,  informs  his  correspondent  that 
he  should  soon  come  into  his  parts,  and  would  then  think  of  him  about  the  hawk, 
and  contains  the  following  compliment,  which  at  the  present  time  might  be  thought 
rather  equivocal :  *  Although  we  were  absent  from  you  for  ten  years,  yet  when  we 
mw  you  again,  it  would  seem  but  as  three  days.'    The  same  inference,  as  to  the 
king's  personal  cognizance  not  merely  of  the  subject  matter,  but  even  of  the  forms  of 
expression  made  use  of  in  these  documents,  may  be  drawn  from  the  curious  ex- 
hortations  they  contain  with  a  view  to  enforcing  attention:  'As  you  love  us;'  'as 
you  love  yourself;'  *  as  you  desire  to  be  regarded  by  us ;'  4  as  you  love  your  own  body  ; 
*aa  you  love  our  honour  and  yourself,  and  all  yours;'  « by  the  fealty  you  owe  to  us 
and  without  deceit.*    All  these  and  many  others  of  a  similar  character  perpetually 


Innumerable  entries  relate  to  gifts  or  presents  made  by  the  king.  At  p.  5  is  an 
rder  to  deliver  to  the  bearers,  who  are  messengers  from  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, forty  shillings,  to  purchase  a  ring.  At  p.  28  b.  Hugh  de  Nevill  is  directed  to 
let  the  Master  of  the  Temple  have  ten  bucks  and  does  from  Essex,  which  the  king 
bad  given  him  for  the  feast  of  bis  chapter.  Geoffrey  Fits  Peter,  the  Justiciary,  is 
ordered  to  pay  Matilda  Countess  Mellent  ten  marks  which  the  king  promised  to  give 
her  at  the  time  be  sailed  from  Portsmouth,  (p.  61  b.)  A  few  days  afterwards  this 
lady's  husband  had  a  similar  gift.  (p.  63.)  When  « the  King  of  Man'  did  homage,  and 
rendered  his  service  to  John,  he  received,  as  a  gift,  thirty  marks  of  land  in  Lanca- 
,  and  the  like  sum  in  money  out  of  the  Treasury,  (p.  68  b.)  Ten  hogsheads  of 
were  sent  to  the  King  of  Norway  and  the  Bishop  of  Asloc,  (p.  138  b.)  and  their 
issadors,  to  whom  the  wine  was  delivered,  received  forty  shillings,  (p.  146. )  The 
Abbot  and  House  of  the  Holy  Cross  at  Waltham  obtained  a  gift  of  the  tin  lavatory 
which  was  put  up  in  the  king's  house  at  Westminster,  in  the  time  of  his  father,  and 
■fterwards  taken  away.  (p.  140  b.)  Simon,  the  nephew  of  the  venerable  father  Ni- 
cholas Bishop  of  Tusculum,  received  as  a  gift  thirty  marks,  and  at  the  same  time  a 
messenger  from  the  King  of  Hungary  received  five  marks  as  a  similar  gift  for  two 
palfreys,  and  ten  shillings  for  two  saddles,  (p.  153  b.)  A  crusader  obtained  one  hun- 
dred shillings  towards  his  journey,  (p.  169.)  A  chalice  or  cup  for  the  Eucharist,  was 
•  common  gift  to  monastic  houses  and  churches;  the  following  writ  contains  a  de- 
scription of  one : 

« The  Kinir  to  Peter  de  Mauley,  &c.  We  command  you,  that  immediately  upon 
riffc  of  these  letter*,  you  deliver  to  the  bearer,  the  messenger  of  the  Monks  of  St. 
pE*L Trhalice,  if  you  have  brought  one  with  you  from  England;  and  if  you  have 
n  *  k     ht   r  let  a  cilded  chalice  be  made  of  the  weight  of  two  marks,  and  deliver 

,  lu  {  messenger,  to  be  taken  to  the  aforesaid  monks,  as  a  gift  from  us.  W  it- 
rlvseTat  St  Pe"Stnce,  the  15th day  of  August  [121*]. '-(p.  170.)  . 


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128  Tiik  New  Record  Commission— No.  11.  [Aug. 

The  two  following  writs  relate  to  presents  made  to  the  Emperor,  and  a  cuiious 
reward  for  the  messenger : 

«  The  King  to  Hubert  de  Burgh,  his  Seneschal  of  Poitou,  greeting.  We  command 
you  that,  at  our  cost,  you  purchase  eighty  hogsheads  of  wine,  and  ship  them  on  board 
one  safe  ship,  which,  in  like  manner,  is  to  be  freighted  at  our  cost,  and  deliver  the 
same  to  Peter  of  Poitou,  the  bearer  of  these  presents,  a  messenger  from  Lord  Otbo 
the  Emperor,  our  nephew ;  and  let  him  also  have  two  empty  ships  freighted  at  our 
cost,  to  carry  the  wine  which  in  the  parts  of  Poitou  is  given  to  the  said  Emperor.* 
p.  179. 

4  The  King  to  Hubert  de  Burgh,  his  Seneschal  of  Poitou,  greeting.  We  com- 
mand you,  that,  if  any  escheat  of  a  woman  to  be  married  has  fallen  into  our  bands  in 
the  parts  of  Poitou  to  which  the  bearer  of  these  presents,  Peter  of  Poictou,  servant 
of  Lord  Otho  the  Emperor,  our  nephew,  could  be  promoted,  you  promote  )  im 
thereto,  out  of  respect  to  the  Emperor,  who  has  interested  himself  in  his  behalf  with 
us.    Witness  myself  at  Wytene,  the  27th  day  of  November  [1214].'— p.  179. 

A  horse  is  a  frequent  gift ;  here  we  have  one  with  an  enumeration  of  bis  trappings : 

'  The  King  to  Thomas  de  la  Lauder,  greeting.  We  command  you  that  you  de . 
liver  to  William  de  Harrecurt,  the  bearer  of  these  presents,  the  spotted  horse  which 
belonged  to  Hugh  de  Lyziniac,  with  the  double  bridle,  and  two  housings,  and  one  sui- 
cingle,  which  we  have  given  him.  Witness  myself  at  Corfe,  the  4th  day  of  De- 
cember, [1214.]  ■   (p.  180  b.) 

The  Abbot  and  Monks  of  Stanley  had  ten  good  oaks  towards  the  building  of  their 
church,  (p.  182)  and  the  Bishop  of  Coventry  sixty-four  *  beasts'  out  of  Windsor 
Forest,  for  his  consecration -feast,  (p.  182  b.)  The  empress  was  presented  with  one 
hundred  marks  (p.  183) ;  two  messengers  from  the  Pope  had  two  robes  *  of  green  or 
brown'  (p.  226) ;  Baldwin  de  Newport  received  a  coat  of  mail  and  iron  leggings, 
an  iron  cuirass,  and  an  iron  cap  (p.  210)  ;  and  the  nephew  of  the  King  of  Norway 
was  ordered  to  be  furnished  with  a  robe  of  scarlet,  that  is,  a  pall  with  fine  linen,  and 
a  tunic,  and  for  his  chaplain  a  robe  of  brown,  furred  with  rabbit-skins  ;  and  for  his 
two  valets,  two  robes  of  green  ;  and  for  the  said  messenger,  one  cup  silver  gilt,  and 
another  silver  cup  for  his  sovereign,  with  a  stipulation  that  the  cups  should  weigh 
eleven  or  ten  marks,  (p.  231.)  This  enumeration  might  be  enlarged  beyond  all 
bounds,  but  we  must  forbear.  We  had  collected  many  items  relating  to  legal,  eccle- 
siastical, and  mercantile  matters;  to  the  personal  expenses  of  the  king  and  queen  ;  to 
the  king's  birds,  to  which  he  appears  to  have  been  extremely  attached ;  the  prices  of 
commodities,  and  rates  of  wages;  the  instruments  of  war;  the  treatment  of  prisoners; 
and  many  other  subjects;  but  we  must  draw  to  a  close,  without  even  alluding  to  them. 
Turning  almost  at  random  to  our  notes  for  something  with  which  to  terminate  our  ar- 
ticle, we  find  the  following: — The  king  took  his  dogs  abroad  with  him  upon  his  foreign 
expeditions,  and  they  seem  to  have  performed  some  of  the  most  important  duties  of 
his  commissariat.  They  were  sent  out  to  hunt  in  the  enemy's  country,  and  whatever 
they  killed,  was  applied  to  the  support  of  the  king's  household,  and  his  troops.  The 
two  following  writs  illustrate  this  subject : 

«  The  King  to  the  Seneschal  of  Engolisro,  flee.  We  command  you  to  provide  for  the 
reasonable  expenses  of  our  huntsmen,  vautrers,  and  dogs,  and  their  keepers,  until  we 
otherwise  give  you  in  command ;  and  if  they  take  any  fit  deer,  let  the  sides,  haunches, 
«nd  rumps  be  well  preserved  for  our  use,  but  the  tongues  and  fat  send  you  to 
the  lady  the  queen.  Find  also  a  horse  for  William  May  the  huntsman.  Witness 
the  King  at  Perrosa.  the  1st  day  of  August  [1214]  (p.  169  b.) 

xr'  The«?iing  t0  Geoffrey  de  Nevi,1»  Seneschal  of  Gascony,  &c.  We  send  you  Guido, 
Nigel,  Walter,  and  Geoffrey,  our  huntsmen,  with  seven  horses,  and  three  boar- 
hounds,  and  seven  boys,  and  forty-eight  dogs  from  the  kennel,  commanding  you  that 
you  let  them  run  at  unsheltered  deer  and  bogs  in  Gascony,  and  find  them  in  neces. 
sanes,  and  it  shall  be  accounted  to  you;  and  when  they  take  any  hogs,  let  them  bt 


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1 835 .]  Coins  of  Roman  Emperors.  1 29 

well  salted,  and  send  them  to  us  without  delay.  Witness  myself  at  Partenay,  the 
?9th  day  or  August,  in  the  16th  year  of  our  reign.'    [1214.]    (p.  171.) 

In  concluding  our  notice  of  these  Records,  we  cannot  but  reiterate  the  opinions 
we  expressed  at  its  commencement  They  constitute  a  highly  important  addition  to 
oar  historical  literature ;— probably,  the  most  important  that  has  been  published  by  the 
Record  Commission.  They  appear  to  be  well  edited;  they  are  got  up  with  a  rea- 
sonable attention  to  economy,  and  afford  solid  ground  for  hope  that  all  the  advantages 
which  historical  inquirers  have  fondly  anticipated  from  the  Record  Commission,  will 
»t  length  be  amply  realized. 


RARf  AND  UNPUBLISHED  COINS  OF  ROMAN  EMPERORS,  CiESARS, 
AND  EMPRESSES,  STRUCK  IN  GREEK  CITIES. — LETTER  III. 

XXIII.  CARACALLA. 

DlONYSOPOLIS  IN  PhRYOIA. 

AYT  .  KAI  .  M  .  AY  .  ANTON(€I)NOC.  Kwonpartop  Koto-op  Maxtor  Kvpij- 
W  Ayre>v*iPos.  The  Emperor  Cesar  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus.  JLaureated 
bast  of  Caracalla,  with  the  Paludamentum. 

Reverse.  XAPHC  .  B  .  I6P6YC  .  AlON(YC)OY  .  A(IONY)ConOAeiTCN  . 
AN€6HK€N .  Caret,  for  the  second  time  priest  of  Bacchus,  dedicates  this  to  the 
■u*  of  the  people  of  Dionysopolis.  Jupiter  Philalethes  standing  to  the  right, 
holding  in  his  right  hand  an  eagle  with  expanded  wings.  &.  size  10.  (Plate 
3-  So.  1.)  [In  the  British  Museum.] 

The  portrait  on  this  coin  is  more  like  that  of  Geta  than  of  Caracalla,  owing, 
perhaps,  to  its  being  struck  at  a  time  when  the  Dionysopolitse  were  unacquainted 
with  the  features  of  their  Emperor. 

The  word  Awdnxc  has  been  illustrated  by  Eckhel  with  his  usual  learning  and 
sagacity.  He  refers  to  many  tabular  inscriptions  which  record  the  munificence 
of  private  individuals  to  their  fellow  citizens.  In  the  case  of  an  Emperor,  he 
observes,  it  was  sufficient  to  say  that  a  largess  was  given,  because  it  was  given 
by  *  superior  to  an  inferior ;  but,  otherwise,  the  Greeks  made  use  of  a  more 
solemn  word,  namely,  "  offered  up,"  because  it  was  dedicated  to  the  people, 
who  were  commonly  held  sacred.  That  the  word  avartBrjfju  (offer  up)  was 
used  in  regard  to  money  is  shewn  by  a  decree  in  which  Crato  offers  for 
the  use  of  the  assembly,  eleven  hundred  and  fifty  drachmas  of  Alexandrine 
coin.  Similar  coins  to"  the  one  here  described  were  struck  on  occasion  of 
festival,  as  is  shown  by  many  of  them  which  bear  the  head  of  An ti nous,  the 
favourite  of  Hadrian,  the  degenerate  and  vicious  Greeks  seeking  to  ingratiate 
themselves  with  that  Emperor  by  a  demonstration  of  games  and  pageants  in 
honour  of  the  infamous  deceased. 

The  favourite  deity  of  this  city  was  Bacchus,  as  its  name  implies.  Stepha- 
nos says  it  was  built  by  Attalus  and  Eumenes  {trio-pa  KrraXov  kcu  Evpsvovs), 
who  established  in  it  the  worship  of  Bacchus  or  Dionysus. 

Cicero,  in  his  Epistle  to  Quintus,*  says  of  the  Dionysopolita?,  "  Dionysopo~ 
litas,  qui  erant  inimicissimi  mei,  lenivi :  quorum  principem  Hermippum  non 
solum  sennone  meo,  sed  etiam  familiaritate  devinxi." 

XXIV.  SEVERUS. 

ACRASUS  IN  LYDIA. 

■ 

AYTO  .  K  .  CEBHPOC.  AvroKparvp  Kaurap  Sf/fynor.  The  Emperor  C*sar 
Seterut.   Lau  rented  head  of  Severus  to  the  right. 

Reverse.  AKPAClOTON  (money)  of  the  people  of  Acrasus.  Fortune  stand- 
ing with  her  attributes.    A.  size  4*.  [In  the  British  Museum.} 


•  Epist.  11.  cap.  11. 
Gjsnt.  Mac.  Vol.  IV.  S 

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130  Coins  of  Roman  Emperors.  [Aug- 

The  site  of  Acrasus  is  not  known.  Froelich  supposes  that  it  stood  on  the 
confines  of  Ionia,  because  many  of  the  coins  of  Acrasus  bear  the  image  of  the 
Ephesian  Diana.* 

XXV.   JULIA  DOMNA. 

BAOiG  IN  LYDIA. 

IOYA.AOMNAC.(C)EBA.  Julia  Domna  Augusta.  Bust  of  Domna to  the  right. 

Reverse.  Em  .  ACKaHIIIAAOY  .  APX  .  A  .  BArHNQN.  (Money)  of  the 
people  of  Bag  a,  under  Asclepiades,  Archon  Cor  High  Prient),  for  the  first  time. 
./Esculapius  and  Hygeia  standing  face  to  face,  the  former  holding  his  club  and 
serpent,  the  latter  feeding  a  serpent  out  of  a  patera.    M.  size  6. 

[In  the  British  Museum.'] 

The  precise  site  of  Bagse  is  unknown,  but  coins  described  by  Mionnetf  and 
Sestini,}  show  that  it  was  situated  on  the  river  Hermus,  a  stream  of  which 
Virgil  and  Martial,  as  well  as  Silius  Italicus,  have  given  us  some  very  poetical 
descriptions.  A  coin  of  Gallienus  §  struck  at  Bagse,  bears  the  name  of  Temeno- 
thyne,  a  Lydian  city,  in  alliance. 

XXVI. 

IOYAIA  .  CEBACTH.    Julia  Augusta.    Bust  of  Domna  to  the  right. 

Reverse.  Em  .  TAIOY  .  APX  .  A  .  BArHNON.  (Money)  of  the  people  of 
Baga,  under  Gains,  for  the  first  time  Archon  (or  High  Priest?).  vEsculapius 
standing  with  his  attributes.    JE.  size  3*.  [/*  the  British  Museum.] 

XXVII.  PLAUTILLA. 

HYPJJPA  IN  l.YDIA. 

*OYA  .  nAAYTIANH  (sic)  C.  for  Fulvia  Plautilla  Augusta.  Bust  of  the 
Empress  to  the  right. 

Reverse.    Em  .  (M)ENANAPOY  .  B  .  ACI  CTP  .  YILAIIIHNQN.  Eir« 

vavbpov  B.  AauxpKov  (xai)  ^rpanyycw  YnaiTTTjvwv.  (Money)  of  the  people  of 
Hypepa,  under  Menander,  for  the  second  time  Asiarchus  (and)  Prator. 

A  male  figure  in  a  military  dress  pouring  the  contents  of  a  patera  upon  an 
altar ;  Victory  behind,  placing  a  garland  on  his  head.  >E.  size  8$.  (Plate  3. 
No.  2.)  [/a  the  British  Museum.] 

The  site  of  Hypaepa  is  alluded  to  by  Ovid  in  the  eleventh  Book  of  his  Meta- 
morphoses.   Dry  den  has  rendered  the  passage  thus  : 

"  For  where  high  Tmolus  rears  his  shndy  brow, 
And  from  his  cliffs  surveys  the  seas  below r 
In  his  descent  by  Sardis  bounded  here, 
By  the  small  confines  of  Hypaepa  there."  &c 

Hypaepa  was  one  of  the  eleven  cities  which  in  the  reign  of  Tiberius  sent 
deputies  to  Rome  to  solicit  the  honour  of  erecting  a  temple  to  the  Emperor. 
The  application  was  met  by  a  positive  denial,  ||  and,  as  the  title  Neocora  is 
never  found  on  the  coins  of  this  city,  it  was  doubtless  refused  that  distinction 
by  the  succeeding  Emperors.  If 

Stephanus  says  that  the  women  of  Hypaepa  were  gifted  by  Venus  with  extra- 
ordinary beauty ;  and  Petronius,  in  his  Satires,  hints  at  the  lewd  revels  to 
which  the  Hypa;prni,  in  common  with  the  other  cities  of  Lydia,  were  addicted. 

It  is  curious  that  a  coin  of  Antoninus  Pius,  struck  at  Hvpspa,  bears  the 
name  of  Julius  Menander.    As  Antoninus  did  not  die  till  tne  year  of  Rome 


•  Eckhcl  observes  of  Acrasus,  "  In  sol  is  Notitiis  haec  urbs  memoratur  o  An^aree, 
nempe  Episcopus,  et  tribuitur  Lydise."  Cellarius  makes  no  allusion  whatever  to  this 
city,  and  it  is  consequently  omitted  in  our  Classical  Dictionaries. 

•f  Descript.  de  Mi-dailies  Antiques,  tome  iv.  p.  17. 

X  Descr.  p.  415. 

$  Tanini,  Supplemt.  to  Banduri,  p.  69,  and  Mionnet,  tome  iv.  p.  29. 
II  Annates,  lib.  iv.  c.  55. 

U  Pausanias,  book  v.  chap.  27,  describes  a  strange  mode  of  sacrificing  at  Hypwpa. 


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1835.]  Corns  of  Roman  Emperors.  1 3 1 


914  (A.D.  161),  it  is  not  unlikely  that  the  Menander  on  this  coin  of  Plau tills, 
which  must  have  been  struck  in  or  about  the  year  of  Rome  955  (A.D.  202)*  is 
the  same  personage,  who  had  contrived  to  preserve  his  life  and  his  wealth 
daring  the  violent  political  storms  which  had  swept  several  Emperors  from  the 
throne. 

The  Asiarchi  were  the  in  tend  ants  or  presidents  of  the  public  games  and  sa- 
crifices held  in  the  cities  of  Asia ;  and  as  these  ceremonies  were  celebrated  at 
their  sole  expense,  none  but  the  wealthiest  individuals  could  aspire  to  the  dis- 
tinction of  Asiarchus  :  "  hujus  sacerdotii  honos  non  mediocris,  nec  mediocri 
pecunia  constat."  On  this  account,  Strabo  observes,  the  Asiarchi  were  gene- 
rally selected  from  among  the  Trailians,  who  were  supposed  to  be  the  richest 
of  the  citizens  of  Asia.  The  manner  of  their  election  was  as  follows.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  year  the  people  of  each  city  assembled  and  selected  some 
individual  of  wealth  and  honour,  whose  name  they  forwarded  to  the  common 
assembly  of  the  province,  when  the  pretensions  of  each  candidate  were  can- 
vassed, and  six  Asiarchi  were  elected.  Their  official  costume  was  costly,  and 
they  wore  crowns  of  gold.  They  have  been  styled  by  some  writers  "  sacer- 
dotes  provinciates. " 

XXVIII.    ELAGABALUS.  ' 

HYPJEPA  IN  LTDIA. 

AY  .  K  .  M  .  AY .  ANTONINOC.  AvroKparvp  Katoap  MapKos  Avprj\u>s  A*r<*>- 
»«»of.  The  Emperor  Ceesar  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus.  Laureated  bust  of 
Elayabalus  to  the  right,  with  the  paludamentum. 

Reverse.  YIIAIIIHNON.  (Money)  of  the  people  of  Hypeepa.  A  type  exactly 
similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  coin.    M.  size  8.      [/»  the  British  Museum.) 

XXIX.  HADRIANUS. 

MAOMA  IN  LYDIA. 

AY  .  KAICAP  .  AAPIANOC.  The  Emperor  Casar  Hadrianus.  Laureated 
bust  of  the  Emperor,  with  coat  of  mail. 

Reverse.  E  .  AUOAAONIOY  .  APX  .  TO  .  B  .  MAIONON.  Eiri  AiroAXwwov 
hptupeas  to  B.  Mcuovvv.  (Money)  of  the  people  of  Maonia,  under  Apollonius, 
tyh  priest  for  the  second  time.  A  tetrastyle  temple  containing  a  robed  statue. 
A  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  entrance.   M.  size  8|.   [/»  the  British  Museum,] 

Maeonia  was  the  poetical  appellation  of  Lydia,  but  the  coin  here  described  was 
struck  in  the  city  of  Maeonia,  which,  we  are  informed  by  Pliny,  was  watered 
by  the  Pactolus  or  Tmolus,  near  Mount  Tmolus,  and  stood  opposite  to  Sardes. 

* 

XXX.    FAUSTINA  JUNIOR. 

MJEONIA  IN  LYDIA. 

. .  .TEINA  .  CEBACTH.  F(aus)tina  Augusta.  Head  of  the  Empress  to 
the  right ;  the  hair  gathered  in  a  knot  behind. 

Reverse.    CTP  MAIONON.    (Money)  of  the  people  of  Mceonia  

Pretor  Ceres  standing  with  her  attributes.    M.  size  5. 

[/»  the  British  Museum.] 

XXXI.   LUCIUS  VERUS. 

MJSONIA  IN  LTDIA. 

A  .  K  .  A  .  AYP  .  BHPOC.  AvroKparop  Kaurap  Avuoe  AvpijXtor  Bijjoor.  The 
Emperor  Casar  Lucius  Aurelius  Verus.  Bare  head  of  Verus  to  the  right ;  the 
hair  arranged  in  short  curls,  as  on  his  Latin  coins ;  but  the  portrait,  though  of 
Hide  execution,  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  that  of  Aurelius  his  colleague. 
This  description  of  flattery  was  frequently  practised  in  the  Roman  mint. 


•  Plautilla  was  married  to  Caracalla,  A.D.  202,  and  exiled  to  Lipari  in  the  follow- 
ing year. 

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132  British  Relations  with  China.  [Aug 

Reverse.  EUl  .  KYINTOY  APX  .  T  .  B  .  MAIONON.  (Money)  of  the  people 
of  Maonia,  under  Quintus,  Archon  (or  high  priest?)  for  the  second  time.  Mi- 
nerva standing,  holding  in  her  right  hand  a  small  figure  of  Victory ;  her  left 
supporting  a  large  embossed  concave  shield  resting  on  the  ground.  Au.  size  84. 
(Plate  3.  No.  3.)  [In  the  British  Museum.} 

The  attitude  of  the  figure  on  the  reverse  of  this  coin  encourages  the  belief 
that  it  is  a  copy  of  some  statue  of  Minerva,  erected  by  the  people  of  Maeonia 
in  the  time  of  the  Antonincs  ;  a  belief  almost  confirmed  by  the  shape  of  the 
shield,  which  is  precisely  similar  to  some  of  those  placed  by  the  side  of  the 
figures  on  the  coins  of  Antoninus  Pius,  with  allusion  to  the  province  of  Britain. 

XXXII.    SEPTIMIUS  SEVERUS. 

MiCONJA  IN  LYDIA. 

AY  .  K  .  M  .  A  .  CEO  .  CEOYHPOC  .  (IIEP)TIN.  AvroKpartap  Kataap  Mapxot 
Avjctor  Zfirrifjuos  Sfovrjpof  Htprtvafc.  The  Emperor  C<esar  Marcus  Lucius  Sep- 
timius  Severus  Pertinax.  A  noble  armed  and  laureated  bust  of  Severus  to  the 
right. 

Reverse.  EDI  .  IOYAIA(N)OY  . . . .  OC  .  MAIONON.  (Money)  of  the  people 
of  Mawtia.  Under  Juliqnus  (Archon  ?)  Bacchus  in  a  car  drawn  by  two  cen- 
taurs, each  holding  a  torch  and  a  club.  M.  size  10.   (Plate  3.  No.  4.) 

[In  the  British  Museum.'} 

The  reverse  of  this  fine  coin  has  been  injured,  but  enough  of  the  type  remains 
to  show  the  beauty  of  its  execution. 

Notwithstanding  my  partiality  for  this  series  of  ancient  coins,  I  am  con- 
strained to  admit  that  in  one  respect  they  are  not  unfrequently  deficient; 
namely,  in  the  portraits,  which  on  many  examples  are  by  no  means  correct 
likenesses.  On  this  coin  Severus  is  represented  with  an  aquiline  nose ;  but  on 
all  those  of  Latin  fabric  that  feature  has  a  different  character.  In  other 
respects  the  bust  resembles  those  with  which  wc  are  familiar. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  Y.  Akerman. 


BRITISH  RELATIONS  WITH  CHINA. 

1.  China.   An  Outline  of  the  Govern-  and  the  ready  access  which  that  has 

ment.  Laws,  and  Policy,  and  of  the  given  him  to  the  records  of  British 

British  and  Foreign  Embassies  to,  commerce  with  China  from  its  com- 

and  intercourse  with  that  Empire,  menceraent,  warrant  the  expectation. 

By  Peter  Auber,  Secretary  to  the  in  which  his  readers  will  not  be  alto- 

Honourable  the  Court  of  Directors  of  gethcr  disappointed,  that  the  work 

Me  East  India  Company.    Svo.  pp.  before  us  will  afford- them  valuable  in  - 

419.  formation:  but  from  this  remark  we 

\\.  A  Sketch  of  Chinese  History,  an-  nmftt  except  the  three  first  chapters, 

dent  and  modern  :  comprising  a  re-  pp.  1  to  122,  in  which  the  author  pro  - 

trospect  of  the  Foreign  intercourse  fesses  to  elucidate  a  great  variety  of 

and  trade  with  China.    Illustrated  important  topics,  such  as  the  early 

by  a  new  and  corrected  Map  of  the  history  of  commerce,  the  rise  of  the 

Empire.  By  the  Rev.  Charles  Gutz-  Dutch  republic,  the  extensive  trade  of 

laff,  now  and  for  many  years  past,  the  Dutch,  the  early  history  of  the 

resident  in  that  country.    2  vols.  Svo.  English  East  India  Company,  the  na- 

pp.  902.  vigation  laws,  the  commercial  rivalry 

111.  A  Chinese  Commercial  Guide,  con-  of  Holland  and  England,  the  history 

sistina  of  a  collection  of  details  re-  of  currency  in  connexion  with  agricul- 

rpectingForeign  Trade  in  China.   By  ture,  manufactures,  and  commerce,  the 

John  Robert  Morrison.    8vo,  pp.  early  history,  religion,  government  and 

116.    Canton,  1S34.  laws  of  China,  together  with  the 

i/i-  rk.  n-     o  changes  in  the  latter,  and  some  parti- 

I.  Chm.  an  Ovlhne,  Sfc.  ^  of  ^  „,,,„  forcig|)  mhlmm_ 

MIL  AUBER'S  official  situation  as  Mr.  Auber's  notices  of  these  subjects 

Secretary  of  the  East  India  Company,  arc  necessarily  so  brief  as  to  be  al- 


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JS35.] 


British  Relations  with  China. 


133 


most  useless  to  persons  not  previously 
acquainted  with  them,  and  quite  so  to 
those  who  have  drawn  information 
from  higher  sources. 

The  remainder  of  the  volume,  which 
traits  of  British  intercourse,  including 
the  proceedings  of  our  countrymen  at 
Canton,  and  the  most  important  inci- 
dents of  the  modern  embassies,  con- 
tains much  that  is  novel  and  instruc- 
tive, and  well  calculated  to  render  va- 
luable assistance  in  guiding  the  con- 
duct of  Europeans  and  Americans  in 
their  future  visits  to  China. 

On  pp.  138  to  145,  are  given  the 
circumstances  connected  with  an  at- 
tempt to  establish  a  factory  at  Ton- 
quin  in  1672,  and  its  relinquishment 
in  1697  ;  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  found  "  unprofitable/'  and  at- 
tended with  considerable  "  difficulty/' 
This  appears  by  Mr.  Auber's  volume, 
and  by  a  document  which  was  laid 
before  Parliament  in  1821,  to  have 
been  the  fate  of  several  other  attempts 
to  open  a  commercial  intercourse  with 
places  in  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 

In  1682,  it  is  stated,  the  East  India 
Company's  particular  attention  was 
directed  to  Canton.  Many  circum- 
stances appear  to  have  favoured  the 
selection  of  this  port;  one  of  them 
was  the  loss  of  Bantam,  which  had 
been  taken  from  us  by  the  Dutch; 
and  among  the  others  was  the  superior 
value  of  the  harbour  of  Canton  as  a 
place  of  safety,  for  the  peaceable  con- 
duct of  the  trade,  in  defiance  of  Euro- 
pean  rivals. 

'*  In  1715,"  Mr.  Auber  observes,  "the 
intercourse  with  Canton  had  assumed 
somewhat  of  a  regular  trade.  The  ships 
were  despatched  to  China  at  stated  seasons, 
and  supracargoes  were  appointed  to  each 
ship,  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  the  sale 
of  the  outward  cargoes",  and  of  investing 
the  return  proceeds  in  tea,  silk,  and  other 
articles,  the  produce  of  China. 

M  The  several  supracargoes,  when  in 
China,  were  to  live  in  one  house,  to  keep 
but  one  table,  and  were  all  to  meet  in 
consultation  at  least  twice  a  week,  when 
at  Canton,  to  consult  for  the  general  be- 
nefit of  the  Company's  affairs." 

On  this  domestic,  unostentatious 
plan,  the  affairs  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany at  Canton  were,  for  more  than  a 
century,  managed,  with  goodadvantage 
to  the  British  nation ;  our  country 
hiving  been  thus  enabled  to  obtain,  in 
return  for  her  staple  productions,  a 


supply  of  Tea  amounting  in  later  years 
annually  to  30,000,000  of  pounds 
weight. 

It  is  a  fact  to  which  we  must  here 
call  the  attention  of  our  readers  as 
well  worthy  of  their  notice,  that 
this  trade  was  at  first  conducted,  on 
the  part  of  the  Chinese,  by  one  agent, 
called  the  Government  Merchant  at 
Canton  ;  an  arrangement,  however, 
which  was  not  of  long  continuance, 
the  Company's  supracargoes  having 
managed  to  establish  an  open,  or  free 
trade,  under  the  general  superintend- 
ence of  the  Hoppo,  or  Chinese  custom- 
house officer. 

But  in  1/20  the  Chinese  merchants 
are  stated  to  have  formed  themselves 
into  a  Co- Hong,  or  company,  for  the 
management  of  the  trade  on  the  part 
of  the  Chinese.  This  assumed  juris- 
diction was  resisted  by  the  British  and 
other  foreign  traders,  and  the  trade 
continued  nominally  open,  although 
often  much  embarrassed  by  exactions, 
till  1757,  when  the  Emperor,  by  his 
edict,  formally  restricted  the  dealings 
of  foreigners,  by  confining  them  to  Can- 
ton, and  by  placing  them  under  the 
Chinese  Co- Hong,  or  Company  of  Go- 
vernment merchants. 

There  are  some  circumstances  nar- 
rated by  Mr.  Auber,  as  having  oc- 
curred during  the  period  between  1715 
and  1757,  which  suggest  to  the  mind 
a  much  better  explanation  of  the 
probable  causes  of  the  Emperor's  re- 
strictions, than  Mr.  Auber's  notion  that 
the  local  officers  of  Canton  possessed 
great  interest  at  the  court  of  Peking. 

In  order  to  a  right  understanding  of 
those  circumstances,  our  readers  will 
do  well  to  bear  in  mind  the  high  lite- 
rary character  of  the  Chinese  nation, 
and  its  free  press,  and  that  by  means 
of  the  latter,  not  only  the  Emperor,, 
but  the  officers  of  his  government  and 
his  subjects  in  the  several  provinces, 
have  for  many  years  past  been,  from 
time  to  time,  made  acquainted  with 
all  the  foreign  interests  and  relations 
of  the  Empire,  and  with  the  conductor 
the  foreigners  who  visited  China;, 
all  questions  respecting  public,  and 
especially  foreign  interests,  which  are 
in  due  course  referred  to  Peking  for 
decision,  becoming  matters  of  record 
by  the  publication  of  the  official  de- 
tails and  imperial  decisions,  in  the  1  ek- 
ing Gazette.  . 

Wc  appprchend  that  among  the 


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134  British  Relati 

probable  causes  of  the  Emperor  of 
Chiua's  restrictive  edict  against  fo- 
reigners, should  be  reckoned  their  se- 
veral infractions,  some  accidental  and 
some  culpable,  of  the  laws  of  the  Em- 
pire, as  very  briefly  noticed  by  Mr. 
Auber ;  also  a  sort  of  forcible  entry 
into  Canton  in  1728,  of  which  he  gives 
the  particulars ;  also  discussions,  per- 
tinaciously persevered  in,  respecting 
the  rates  of  duty  and  rights  of  access 
to  the  higher  local  authorities,  contrary 
to  the  official  etiquette  of  the  Empire  ; 
and  the  unexpected  and  undesired  pre- 
sence in  China,  of  no  less  a  person 
than  Commodore  Anson,  in  the  Cen- 
turion ship  of  war,  and  the  peremptory 
manner  in  which  he  extorted,  by  threats, 
a  permit  for  his  ship  to  enter  the 
"  inner  river." 

Such  events  as  these,  none  of  which 
could  be  concealed  from  the  whole 
Chinese  community,  had  obviously  a 
tendency  to  awaken  in  their  breasts 
feelings  of  dislike  to  our  countrymen, 
and  suspicion  respecting  our  ulterior 
views  in  visiting  China. 

We  presume  also  that  on  a  consi- 
deration of  only  those  indications  of 
refractory  pugnacity  on  the  part  of 
foreigners,  which  preceded  the  year 
1736,  the  motive  cannot  be  mistaken 
that  induced  Kien  Long,  in  that  year, 
on  his  succession  to  the  government, 
to  issue  an  edict,  directing  his  manda- 
rins to  take  charge  of  all  cannon  and 
arms  which  might  be  brought  up  to 
Whampoa,  in  the  ships  of  the  East 
India  Company,  and  to  retain  them 
till  the  departure  of  the  ships,  when 
they  were  to  be  returned.  This,  al- 
though an  ancient  precaution  of  the 
Chinese  government,  which  may  be 
traced  back  as  far  as  their  early  inter- 
course with  the  Dutch  and  Portugueze, 
was  then  specially  re-enforced,  as  it 
has  since  been  on  more  than  one  oc- 
casion. 

But  there  is  one  important  event 
adverted  to  by  Mr.  Auber,  which 
throws  additional  light  on  the  edict  of 
1757;  and,  considered  in  connexion 
with  the  course  of  events  which  pre- 
ceded it,  appears  in  some  measure  to 
justify  that  remarkable  coyness,  and 
those  measures  of  precaution  on  the 
part  of  the  Chinese,  which  Mr.  Auber, 
in  compliment  to  the  prejudices  of  his 
countrymen,  has  designated  an  "  un- 
reasonable jealousy  of  foreigners." 


w  with  China.  [Aug. 

The  event  referred  to  is  the  esta- 
blishment of  the  British  power  in 
India,  by  Lord  Clive's  victory  at  Plas- 
sey,  in  the  East  Indies,  in  June  1757; 
an  event  of  which  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  whole  Chinese  empire 
was  fully  advised  by  the  agency  of  the 
press.    Mr.  Auber,  in  a  subsequent 
part  of  his  work  (p.  223),  admits  it  to 
have  been  probable  that  the  progress 
of  the  British  power  in  India  in  1792, 
had  a  tendency  to  inspire  the  Chinese 
with  caution  or  jealousy,  and  we  can 
see  no  reason  why  the  successes  of 
1757  should  not  have  had  the  same 
effect.    The  prohibitory  edict  of  that 
year,  and  punishment  of  a  servant  of 
the  Company,  Mr.  Flint,  for  having 
violated  it,  proves  that  it  was  then 
the  settled  conviction  of  the  Chinese 
government  and  nation,  that  this  kind 
of  caution  was  necessary  in  their  in- 
tercourse with  us ;  and  unfortunately 
their  firm  adherence  to  that  edict,  iu 
all  their  correspondence,  down  even 
to  the  present  time  [for  they  have  re- 
published it  within  the  last  year] ,  also 
goes  to  prove  not  only  that  the  feel- 
ing which  dictated  it  was  of  an  older 
date  than  is  supposed  by  Mr.  Auber, 
but  that  they  have  not  even  now  the 
least  inclination  to  relinquish  it,  and 
that  they  will  not  easily  be  either  per- 
suaded or  compelled  so  to  do. 

The  case  of  Mr.  Flint  was  as  fol- 
lows :— By  the  imperial  edict  of  1767, 
European  foreigners  were  expressly- 
prohibited  from  resorting  to  Limpo, 
Chusan,  or  Amoy,  three  Chinese  set- 
tlements at  which  Britons  had  for- 
merly traded,  but  which  had  been 
abandoned.  Mr.  Flint  was  the  Com- 
pany's linguist,  and  was  sent,  with 
others,  to  re-open  the  trade  with  Limpo 
without  reference  to  the  prohibitory- 
edict.  He  proceeded  accordingly,  and, 
for  having  done  so,  was,  on  his  return 
to  Canton,  arraigned  before  the  Chinese 
authorities,  sentenced  to  three  years 
imprisonment  at  Macao,  and  finally 
banished  from  China,  by  order  of  the 
Emperor.  The  circumstances  of  this 
transaction  are  briefly  stated  on  pp. 
171  to  173;  and  on  page  172  it  ib 
stated  that  the  edict  of  the  Emperor, 
which  was  shown  to  Mr.  Flint  when 
sentence  was  passed  on  him,  declared 
that  the  punishment  was  inflicted  on 
him  "  for  his  going  to  Limpo  after  his 
imperial  majesty  had  positively  or- 


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1 35 


no  ship  should  trade  there." 
Mr.  Flint  suffered  three  years  impri- 
sonment at  Macao,  agreeably  to  his 
•entence,  and  then  came  to  England, 
never  to  return  to  China;  nor  could' 
the  East  India  Co  mpany  ever  obtain 
» revocation  of  the  judgment,  which  of 
course  remains  on  record  in  the  his- 
tory of  China. 

In  1762  the  Court  of  Directors  found 
it  necessary  to   issue  orders  "  that 
iwrrel*  and  frays  should  be  strictly 
S^rded  against  between  the  sailors  and 
natives.    Few  persons  are  so  un- 
acquainted with  the  character  of  British 
sailors,  at  the  period  referred  to,  and 
even  long  afterwards  ;  their  contempt 
for  foreigners,  and  proneness  to  quar- 
rel with  and  insult  them ;  as  to  feel 
much  surprise  at  this  order  of  the  Court, 
which  it  has  been  found  expedient 
to  renew  on  more  than  one  occasion, 
the  Court  assigning  the  well-known 
character  of  the  sailors  as  i/ieir  reason 
for  so  doing. 

At  the  close  of  the  same  year  the 
trade  was  stopped  in  consequence  of 
H.  M.  ship  Argo  having  refused  to  be 
measured  and  to  pay  duty  to  the 
Chinese,  in  conformity  with  law  and 
the  customs  of  the  port.  The  com- 
mander referred  to  the  exemption  from 
duty  which  had  been  previously  al- 
lowed to  Commodore  Anson,  and  was 
told  in  reply  that  Anson  professed  to 
have  been  driven  in  by  stress  of 
weather,  and  did  not  trade,  but  that 
the  Argo  had  brought  dollars  and 
traded.  After  four  months  delay,  and 
unsuccessful  resistance  to  Chinese  au- 
thority, the  Argo  was  measured,  and 
the  duty  paid,  and  not  till  then  was 
the  trade  of  the  Company  at  Canton 
allowed  to  proceed. 

Upon  this  negociation,  Mr.  Auber 
in  a  note  remarks,  with  great  apparent 
simplicity,  p.  176, 

"  This  is  one  amongst  numerous  in- 
stances in  which  occurrences  that  have 
taken  place  years  preceding,  have  been 
*#un  brought  forward,  and  shows  the 
minuteness  with  which  the  Chinese  at- 
tend to  events,  however  remote,  con- 
nected trith  every  branch  of  their  regula- 
tions." 

Had  Mr.  Auber  rightly  understood 
tne  character  of  the  Chinese  Govern- 
ment, and  the  publicity  which  it  gives 
to  all  its  acta  by  means  of  the  press, 
as  has  already  been  noticed,  he  would 


robably  have  deemed  his  note  So  per - 
uous.  By  means  of  this  powerful 
engine  the  Chinese  keep  past  events 
always  in  view,  as  beacons  for  their 
present  and  future  guidance,  and  there 
is  some  reason  to  believe  that  while  it 
is  in  time  of  peace  the  mainspring  of 
a  popular  though  imperial  Govern- 
ment, should  they  ever  be  subjected 
to  unjust  attack  from  without,  it  would 
be  found  such  a  powerful  auxiliary  in 
the  defence  of  their  country,  as  to  ren- 
der them  invincible. 

In  1771  it  appears  that  the  supra- 
cargoes,  by  means  of  bribery,  effected 
the  dissolution  of  the  Co- Hong;  but 
the  consequence  of  their  having  done 
so  was,  that  in  1779  the  British  mer- 
chants at  Canton  had  demands  on  the 
Chinese  to  the  amount  of  1,000,000/. 
sterling,  of  which  they  were  unable  to 
obtain  payment,  and  that  the  "  serious 
evils"  which  arose  out  of  their  en- 
deavours to  enforce  payment,  led  the 
Emperor,  in  1782,  again  to  appoint 
"  certain  mandarins  through  whom 
alone  future  dealings  were  to  be  car- 
ried on."  With  this  and  other  facts 
on  record,  which  have  an  equally 
forcible  bearing  on  this  question,  is  it 
matter  of  wonder  that  the  Emperor  of 
China  should  tenaciously  adhere  to 
his  plan  of  conducting  his  subjects' 
trade  with  foreigners,  through  respon- 
sible Government  merchants  ?  His  de- 
termination still  to  do  so  was  commu- 
nicated to  the  late  Lord  Napier,  on 
his  arrival,  and  his  Lordship's  re- 
sistance to  that  determination  led  to 
the  painful  discussions  which  termi- 
nated in  his  death. 

We  shall  very  briefly  notice  some 
other  interesting  facts  given  by  Mr. 
Auber,  illustrative  of  the  history  of 
our  connection  with  China. 

In  1780  a  Mr.  Smith,  a  private  ad- 
venturer or  trader,  claimed  for  the 
second  time  a  right  to  establish  him- 
self in  China,  independent  of  all  autho- 
rity ;  for  which,  under  the  then  exist- 
ing law,  the  Company's  supracargoes 
sent  him  to  England. 

In  January  1785,  the  gunner  of  the 
Company's  ship,  Lady  Hughes,  was 
strangled  by  Chinese  authorities,  for 
having  killed,  by  accident  as  was  stated, 
two  natives  of  China.  The  discus- 
sions respecting  this  transaction,  pp. 
183  to  187,  exhibit  our  countrymen  as 
endeavouring  to  evade  the  Chinese 


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law,  and  to  intimidate  the  authorities, 
in  which  they  failed  after  incurring 
some  risk,  and  for  which  they  were 
censured  by  the  Emperor  in  his  final 
edict ;  a  document  which  was  of  course 
published  to  be  read  in  every  part  of 
his  dominions. 

Shortly  afterward  a  Chinese  killed 
an  English  seaman  on  Dane's  Island, 
for  which  he  was  also  strangled  by  his 
countrymen. 

44  This  circumstance/*  says  Mr.  Auber, 
44  evinces  the  equal  administration  of  the 
sanguinary  laws  of  that  extraordinary 
people,  and  at  the  same  time  holds  out  a 
fearful  warning  to  those  who  have  inter- 
course with  them,  of  what  they  are  to 
expect,  if  even  through  ignorance  and 
misfortune  they  happen  to  fall  under 
those  laws." 

The  Court  of  Directors  of  the  East 
India  Company  did  not  approve  the 
conduct  of  their  servants  in  the  case 
of  the  Gunner,  and  particularly  cau- 
tioned them  against  indulging  the  de- 
lusive notion  that  either  the  Chinese 
government  or  nation  were  afraid  of 
foreigners. 

In  1788  fresh  regulations  were  issued 
by  the  Directors  to  control  the  tur- 
bulent and  disorderly  conduct  of  the 
British  sailors. 

In  1792  Mr.  Auber  admits  "  the 
feeling  of  distrust  and  apprehension 
manifested  by  the  Chinese  towards 
British  subjects,  to  have  been,  in  some 
degree,  traced  to  the  impression  occa- 
sioned by  the  extension  of  our  arms 
and  possessions  in  India,  and  to  the 
opinion  which  the  Chinese  entertained 
of  our  character  for  encroachment, 
where  we  once  obtained  a  footing." 

This  feeling  certainly  manifested  it- 
self in  1792  and  1793,  during  the  em- 
bassy of  Lord  Macartney.  We  shall  not 
here  advert  to  the  details  of  this  em- 
bassy, but  confine  ourselves  to  a  very 
brief  and  accurate  summary  of  that 
whole  transaction  quoted  by  Mr.  Auber : 
•*  The  Ambassador  was  received  with 
the  utmost  politeness,  treated  with 
the  utmost  hospitality,  watched  with 
the  utmost  vigilance,  and  dismissed 
with  the  utmost  civility." 

Among  the  means  which  were  sub- 
sequently employed,  in  order  to  culti- 
vate a  good  understanding  with  the 
Chinese,  were  letters  and  presents 
tendered  to  the  Viceroy  of  Canton  and 
the  Hoppo :  but  those  officers  refused 


to  accept  the  presents ;  a  fact  which 
ill  accords  with  the  commonly  received, 
and  sedulously  propagated  notion  of 
the  venality  and  corruption  of  the  pub- 
lic servants  in  China. 

Another  accidental  homicide,  in 
1800,  was  with  difficulty  adjusted. 
The  Chinese  on  this  occasion  furnished, 
when  requested,  a  copy  of  their  laws 
relative  to  homicides. 

In  1805  a  friendly  letter  was  sent 
by  the  King  of  England  to  the  Em- 
peror, and,  after  some  delay,  present- 
ed. Our  readers  will  no  doubt  be 
amused  with  the  following  extract 
from  the  most  dignified  reply  given 
by  his  Celestial  Majesty. 

44  Your  Majesty's  kingdom  is  at  a  re- 
mote distance  beyond  the  seas,  but  is  ob« 
servant  of  its  duties  and  obedient  to  its 
laws,  beholding  from  afar  the  glory  of 
our  empire,  and  respectfully  admiring  the 
perfection  of  our  government.  Your 
Majesty  has  dispatched  messengers  with 
letters  for  our  perusal  and  consideration  ; 
we  find  that  they  are  dictated  by  appro- 
priate sentiments  of  esteem  and  venera- 
tion ;  and  being  therefore  inclined  to 
fulfil  the  wishes  and  expectations  of  your 
Majesty,  we  have  determined  to  accept  of 
the  whole  of  the  accompanying  offering. 

44  With  regard  to  those  of  your  Ma- 
jesty's subjects  who  for  a  long  course  of 
years  have  been  in  the  habit  of  trading  to 
our  Empire,  we  must  observe  to  you.  that 
our  Celestial  Government  regards  all  per- 
sons and  nations  with  eyes  of  charity  and 
benevolence,  snd  always  treats  and  con- 
siders your  subjects  with  the  utmost  in- 
dulgence and  affection  ;  on  their  account, 
therefore,  there  can  be  no  place  or  occa- 
sion for  the  exertions  of  your  Majesty's 
Government." 

In  the  following  year,  1806,  the 
Chinese  declined,  as  it  might  have 
been  expected  that  they  would  do,  to 
permit  an  English  gentleman,  Mr. 
Manning,  to  traverse  their  country  as 
a  professed  Botanist.  They  no  doubt 
attached  too  much  value  to  the  exclu- 
sive possession  of  the  Tea  plant,  and 
were  much  too  shrewd,  to  hazard  the 
loss  of  it  by  such  indirect  means;  and, 
although  this  gentleman  did  after- 
wards, in  1816,  actually  traverse  the 
country  in  the  train  of  Lord  Amherst, 
and,  on  his  return  to  England,  pub- 
lished a  paper  on  the  consumption  of 
Tea  in  Boot  an,  it  speaks  volumes  in 
commendation  of  the  efficiency  of  the 
Chinese  Government,  that  neither  he 


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British  Relations  with  China. 


137 


nor  any  of  the  otber  persons  who  ac- 
companied that  embassy,  succeeded  in 
obtaining  for  us  the  possession  of  the 
Tea  plant,  with  adequate  means  for  its 
advantageous  cultivation  in  India. 

But  we  must  condense  our  further 
notice  of  this  interesting  volume,  which 
also  contains    discussions   in  1807, 
1810,  1820,  1822,  and  1823,  relative 
to  accidental  homicides  of  Chinese, 
occasioned  chiefly  by  the  use  of  fire- 
arms, which  were  therefore  prohibited, 
and  to  the  consequent  stoppage  of  the 
trade  of  the  Company,  till  the  several  af- 
faire were  adjusted ;  also  to  the  entry  of 
British  American  ships  of  war  into 
the  waters  of  China,  and  particularly 
to  the  entry  of  a  British  ship  with  an 
American  prize  ;  the  Chinese  observ- 
ing with  great  naivety,  (p.  242.)  "  if 
the  English  and  Americans  have  petty 
quarrels,  let  them  go  to  their  own 
coantry  and  settle  them  ;" — and  lastly, 
to  the  project,  during  the  French  war, 
in  1810,  for  taking  military  possession 
of  Macao,  which  was,  after  fruitless 
discussions  and  demonstrations,  aban- 
doned,  and  the  troops  withdrawn, 
not  as  we  think  with  a  very  good 
grace,  but  in  just  deference  to  the 
rights  and  pacific  prejudices  of  the 
Chinese  government. 

The  account  of  Lord  Amherst's  Em- 
bassy to  China,  in  1816,  occupies 
several  pages ;  but  as  more  ample  de- 
tails have  been  long  before  the  public, 
we  pass  over  it. 

Pages  364  to  367  contain  the  record 
of  an  incident,  which  we  cannot  pass 
unnoticed  :  the  particulars  are  as  fol- 
lows : — In  1833    Mr.   James  Innes 
having  received  a  violent  assault  from 
a  Chinese  servant  of  one  of  the  Hong 
merchants,  threatened  to  burn  the 
merchant's  house  down  if  the  servant 
was  not  punished  adequately,  accord- 
ing to  his  views,  before  sunset ;  and 
actually  carried  his  threat  into  execu- 
tion, by  setting  the  merchant's  house 
on  fire  with  rockets.    The  crime  of 
arson  is  not  unknown  to  British  law, 
aod  its  punishment  is  death  ;  but  Mr. 
Innes  escaped  with  a  mere  record  of 
the  Select  Committee's  disapprobation 
of  his  conduct.    "We  apprehend  that 
if  we  feel  not  quite  satisfied  with  some 
of  the  laws  of  China  on  account  of 
their  strictness,  the  Chinese,  inferring 
the  character  of  our  laws  from  the 
practices  of  our  countrymen,  would 
'tor.  Mao.  Vol.  I\  • 


be  as  little  satisfied  with  ours,  on  ac- 
count of  their  laxness ;  but  might, 
from  such  a  case  as  that  of  Mr.  Innes, 
draw  inferences  very  unfavourable  to 
our  humanity  and  state  of  civilization. 

We  know  not  on  what  authority 
Mr.  Auber  has  ventured,  (p.  65.)  to 
suppose  that  the  amount  of  the  popula- 
tion of  China  is  nearer  to  150,000,000, 
than  to  300,000,000,  Surely  he  can- 
not have  read  the  very  clear  and 
learned  examination  of  that  question 
which  was  published  in  the  Chinese 
Miscellany  of  1833,  1834,  and  which 
led  the  writer  of  those  papers  to  admit, 
as  quits  credible,  the  last  Chinese 
Official  Returns,  which  state  it  at 
361,693.  879.# 

This  volume  contains  a  just  tribute 
to  the  merits  and  distinguished  ser- 
vices of  the  late  Dr.  Robert  Morrison 
to  the  East  India  Company ;  it  also 
contains  the  unpublished  narrative  of 
a  voyage  to  Japan  by  William  Adams, 
an  English  pilot,  in  1598. 

We  are  aware  that  the  work  before 
us,  of  which  we  now  take  our  leave, 
after  having  derived  considerable  satis- 
faction from  the  perusal  of  it,  has 
been  designated  by  critics  in  China,  a 
kcrnelless  shell ;  it  has  not  been  so  to 
us,  and  we  are  persuaded  will  not  be 
so  considered  by  the  generality  of 
readers.  Should  the  author  ever  find 
time  to  revise  it,  we  would  recommend 
the  enlargement  of  the  historical  por- 
tion of  it  from  the  official  records  of 
the  Canton  Factory,  if  they  are  still 
accessible  to  him,  and  a  continuation 
of  his  narrative,  down  to  the  close  of 
the  East  India  Company's  commercial 
existence. 

//.  A  Sketch  of  Chinese  History,  8fc. 

The  author  of  these  volumes,  who 
proceeded  to  China  a  few  years  since 
as  a  Prussian  missionary,  states  that 
he  has  been  "  many  years  resident  in 
China,"  and  professes  to  have  an  in- 
timate acquaintance  with  the  Chinese 
language.  We  apprehend  that  his 
residence  in  China  must  be  restricted 
to  very  transitory  sojourns  in  towns 
on  the  coast,  and  at  Canton,  whither 
his  commercial  employment,  as  inter- 
preter on  board  tne  coasting  vessels 
engaged  in  the  contraband  trade  in 
opium,  have  frequently  led  him. 

•  See  also  Montgomery  Martin's  Co- 
lonies, Vol.  I.  p.  448. 

T 


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British  Rtlatlons  with  China. 


The  three  first  chapters  notice  cur- 
sorily the  geography,  government, 
laws,  character,  usages,  industry,  lan- 
guage, sciences,  and  religion  of  the 
Chinese.  On  the  latter  very  impor- 
tant subject.  Religion,  upon  which  a 
Christian  missionary  might  have  been 
excused  had  he  been  peculiarly  copious, 
he  refers  his  readers  for  information 
(p.  70.)  to  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Re- 
view, and  Abel  Remusat's  Melanges 
Asiatique. 

The  fourth  chapter  gives  an  abstract 
of  the  chronology  of  the  Chinese 
sovereigns,  in  the  compilation  of 
which  M.  Gutzlaff  follows  M.  Gaubil 
the  Italian  missionary,  whose  learned 
treatise  on  the  earlier  chronology  of 
China,  as  compared  with  that  of  Eu- 
rope, was  published  in  France  by  M. 
SilvestredeSacy,  in  18 14,  and  the  more 
modern  works  of  Dr.  Morrison,  and 
the  French  writer  M.  Klaproth. 
M.  Gutzlaff  by  no  means  sustains  the 
charge,  brought  by  the  last- mentioned 
writer  against  the  former,  that  his 
English  dates  were  altogether  false, 
although  a  considerable  discrepancy  is 
apparent.  The  subject  is  acknow- 
ledged to  be  one  of  great  difficulty, 
and,  in  M.  Gutzlaff* s  opinion,  there  is 
no  authentic  chronology  in  China  be- 
fore the  age  of  Confucius,  550  B.C. 

The  account  of  the  mythological 
era  brings  before  us  some  of  those  re- 
markable notions,  on  the  most  impor- 
tant subjects,  which  in  every  country 
and  climate  appear  to  have  possessed 
the  human  mind,  when  destitute  of 
the  light  of  revealed  truth :  accordingly 
the  operation  of  the  male  and  female 
principles  in  the  formation  of  the 
earth,  and  the  nonsense,  that  "  reason 
produced  one,  one  produced  two,  and 
two  produced  all  things/'  are  still 
found  among  the  elements  of  natural 
science  in  China. 

So  far,  however,  as  the  earlier  his- 
torical records  are  credible,  they  reveal 
many  curious  facts the  institution 
of  marriage  by  appointed  government 
negociators,  together  with  public  schools 
for  the  instruction  of  youth  by  able 
professors,  are  represented  as' being 
of  very  high  antiquity  in  China;  having 
had  existence  more"  than  2200  years 
before  Christ. 

Chinese  history  also,  according  to 
M.  Gutzlaff,  assigns  a  very  high  an- 
tiquity to  some  of  the  other  valuable 


institutions  of  society,  and  to  many  of 
the  most  excellent  inventions ;  not 
only  letters,  or  hieroglyphic  characters, 
arms,  chariots,  carts,  and  boats,  but 
also  timepieces,  and  musical  instru- 
ments, the  use  of  money  and  the 
manufacture  of  silk.  The  probable 
date  assigned  to  these  inventions  in 
China,  is  more  than  2000  years  before 
Christ.  There  may  be  room  for  doubt 
as  to  the  accuracy  of  some  of  these 
statements ;  but  none,  we  apprehend, 
respecting  that  of  the  invention  of 
printing,  which  took  place  in  China 
full  four  centuries  before  the  art  was 
known  in  Europe,  and  which  accounts 
for  the  otherwise  inexplicable  fact,  of 
the  superior  literary  character  of  the 
natives  of  China 

Even  the  practices  of  draining  and 
embanking  land,  in  China,  are  ascribed 
to  the  roost  remote  antiquity ;  and 
considering  the  present  state  of  the 
country  with  reference  to  these  in- 
ventions, and  the  great  and  long  ex- 
isting improvements  she  has  derived 
from  them,  there  can  be  little  reason 
to  doubt  that  they  are  of  high  an- 
tiquity. 

We  cannot  follow  M.  Gutzlaff 
through  the  whole  of  the  historical 
part  of  his  work,  which  occupies  the 
residue  of  his  first  volume  and  88  pages 
of  the  second.  Many  of  the  incidents 
recorded  are  of  an  ordinary  character, 
and  such  as  will  be  found  in  every 
volume  that  professes  to  detail  the 
successions  to  sovereignty,  and  the 
changes  of  dynasties. 

The  19th  chapter  treats  of  the  pro- 
pagation of  the  Gospel  in  China.  M. 
Gutzlaff,  quotes  from  the  Chaldean 
ritual  a  sentence  which  ascribes  to  the 
Apostle  Thomas  "  the  extending  and 
opening  of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  to 
the  Chinese/'  This  accords  with  the 
opiuion  generally  entertained  in  the 
churches  of  that  apostle  in  India.  It 
is  also  stated  that  the  Syrian  metropo- 
litan, of  the  Malabar  coast,  always 
subscribed  himself  the  metropolitan  of 
all  Hindoostan  and  China,  and  that 
the  Roman  Catholic  missionaries 
preached  in  China  the  Pope's  suprem- 
acy.  There  is  good  reason  to  believe 
that  the  assertion  of  the  preteusions  of 
these  ecclesiastical  superiors,  led  to 
the  persecution  of  Christians  in 
China,  and  not  the  mere  hostility  of 
the  Chinese  Emperor  to  the  doctrines 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.]  British  Relations  with  China. 

of  the  Gospel  :  to  many  of  which  he 
was  not  unfavourable.    On  the  con- 
trary, so  long  as  the  Roman  Catholic 
missionaries  merely  taught  Christian- 
ity, and  rendered  useful  service  to  the 
Emperor  of  China,  in  those  depart- 
ments of  science  with  which  they 
*rete  conversant,  and  did  not  advance 
the  unreasonable  pretensions  of  the 
Roman  Pontiff,  they  were  cherished: 
hot  were  opposed,  and  at  length  per- 
secuted, when  they  ventured  to  put 
forth  those  claims  of  a  universal  head 
of  the  Church  of  Christ  upon  earth, 
which  were  not  more  inconsistent 
with  the  just  pretensions  of  the  Em- 
peror of  China  to  exclusive  dominion 
in  his  own  territories,  than  they  were 
with  those  of  the  Saviour  of  the  World, 
(see  p.  141.)    This  chapter  concludes 
with  an  account  of  the  origin  and 
progress  of  the  Protestant  mission 
under  the  late  Dr.  Morrison,  to  whom 
a  just  tribute  is  paid. 

The  remainder  of  the  second  volume, 
from  page  179*  consists  of  details  re- 
lative to  Foreign  intercourse  with 
China,  which  are  chiefly  commercial ; 
and,  although  they  throw  no  new  light 
on  the  history  of  the  Empire,  were 
probably  penned  for  the  satisfaction 
of  the  new  commercial  adventurers, 
with  a  view  to  whose  special  service 
and  patronage,  the  work  itself  appsars 
to  have  been  published. 

Under  the  head  Emporiums,  are 
described  the  several  ports  and  har- 
bours, with  some  particulars  of  un- 
successful attempts  which  have  been 
made  at. different  times  to  establish 
trade  in  those  ports.  As  a  manual  of 
information  upon  this  subject,  this 
part  of  the  work  may  be  very  useful, 
and  we  recommend  it  to  the  merchants, 
agents,  and  others  employed  in  the 
China  trade,  whenever  that  trade  shall 
be — which  in  our  opinion  it  is  not  like- 
ly soon  to  be,  with  the  consent  of  the 
Emperor — an  open  trade. 

The  second  volume  concludes  with 
an  appendix  containing  figured  state- 
ments of  commercial  operations,  com- 
piled from  documents  which  have  been 
printed  by  order  of  the  House  of 
Commons. 

While  we  have  felt,  on  the  whole, 
disposed  to  recommend  these  volumes, 
as  likely  to  be  useful  to  persons  de- 
sirous of  obtaining  an  acquaintance 
with  Chin*  for  commercial  purposes. 


139 


we  cannot  refrain  from  cautioning  our 
readers  not  to  allow  their  minds  to  be 
influenced  by  the  unfavourable  de- 
scriptions, which  are  to  be  found  in 
them,  of  the  Chinese  government  and 
people,  their  principles  and  manners  ; 
or  to  place  implicit  confidence  in  all 
M.  GutzlafTs  representations  of  the 
circumstances  attending  the  past  in- 
tercourse of  foreigners  with  that  em- 
pire; because  we  have  noticed,  in 
many  of  these,  an  undue  leaning  to 
the  side  of  the  foreigners,  who  are 
never  presumed  to  have  been  in  fault, 
or  to  have  done  wrong. 

Indeed,  according  to  information 
which  has  come  before  us,m  M.  Gutz- 
lafTs own  transactions,  in  connexion 
with  the  opium  or  contraband  trade, 
have  been  such  as  to  subject  him  to 
censure,  and  leave  him  obnoxious  to 
the  presumption  that  his  own  mind  is 
not  under  the  influence  of  the  most 
correct  notions  respecting  the  relative 
rights  of  the  Chinese  and  those  who 
visit  their  shores. 

We  must  also  remark  that  some  of 
his  observations  are  flippant,  and  by 
no  means  in  harmony  with  one 
another. 

But  the  most  exceptionable  portion 
of  the  work  consists  in  certain  para- 
graphs with  which  it  is  interspersed, 
describing  the  •*  Government  of  China" 
as  "  weak  and  contemptible/'  and  to  be 
"  easily  overawed,"  (p.  410)  and  the 
state  of  the  country  as  utterly  defence- 
less, (p.  21)  "  The  great  wall  on 
the  Tartar  (so  M.  Gutzlaff  affects  to 
write  the  word  Tartar)  frontier,  is 
wholly  inadequate  to  the  defence  of 
the  country  against  modern  tactics ; 
on  the  east  it  can  be  assailed  by  any 
petty  maritime  power;  it  has  every 
where  excellent  harbours,  and  ships 
may  go  a  considerable  distance  up 
some  rivers  without  any  fear  of  meet- 
ing a  force  to  repel  them."  We  be- 
lieve neither  of  these  statements  to  be 
correct :  but  even  were  they  so,  we 
ask,  is  it  the  part  of  a  man  who  pro- 
fesses to  be  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  of 
Peace,  and  a  Christian  missionary, 
under  the  cloak  of  history  to  make 
himself  the  mere  pioneer  of  war,  and 
the  harbinger  of  an  invading  force  • — 
We  think  not.  Fortunately  for  the 
interests  of  peace  and  truth,  M.  Gutz- 


•  See  Vol.  III.  p.  266. 


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140 


Record  Commission  in  France 


[Aug. 


laff  has,  with  notable  inconsistency, 
made    acknowledgments    that  may 
serve  as  counteractives  to  his  warlike 
suggestions.    He  has  described  the 
Chinese   military  as  extensive  and 
organized,  and  the  government  (p.  45) 
as  *•  pervaded  by  a  spirit  of  regularity 
unknown  in  any  other  part  of  Asia," 
comparing  it  to  a  steam  engine  "  re- 
ceiving its  propelling    power  from 
Peking,  and  communicating  it  by 
means  of  numerous  wheels  to  all  parts 
of  the  Empire,"  and  adds  that,  '*  age 
after  age  affairs  are  transacted  in  the 
same  manner."    These  we  take  to  be 
much  more  correct  statements  than 
those  above  referred  to ;  and  with  this 
remark  we  take  leave  of  the  volumes 
before  us,  and  for  the  present  of  their 
not  very  consistent  author. 

III.  The  Chinese  Commercial  Guide, 
published  at  Canton,  can  scarcely  need 
our  recommendation.  It  is  a  parting 
tribute  offered  by  its  amiable  author, 
the  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Morrison,  to 
the  British  Merchants  in  China;  under 
-whose  auspices  he  had  been  introduced 
to  public  life.  A  treatise  from  the  pen 
of  his  late  father,  on  that  part  of  the 
jura  gentium,  or  law  of  nations,  which 
relates  to  the  titles  and  pretensions  of 
independent  sovereigns  in  their  com- 
munications with  each  other,  is  pre- 
fixed to  it.   This  treatise  shows  the 


mind  of  the  writer  intently  occupied 
in  endeavours  to  surmount  the  diffi- 
culties which  have  arisen  out  of  the 
high  pretensions  of  the  sovereigns  of 
China  towards  potentates  not  less  in- 
dependent than  themselves,  who  have 
sought  intercourse  with  them  ;  and  it 
may  be  of  use  in  any  future  attempts 
of  that  nature. 

Presuming,    that  the  information 
here  embodied,  may  be  confidently  re- 
lied on,  it  cannot  fail  of  rendering  ira- 
poitant  services  to  those  who  are 
engaged  in  the  commerce  with  China. 
Among  other  helps,  the  reader  will 
find  a  glossary  of  Canton  words  and 
phrases ;  a  summary  of  British  and 
Chinese  laws  respecting  trade,  and 
particularly  of  the  local  port  regula- 
tions ;  some  valuable  information  re- 
specting the  currency  of  the  Eastern 
nations,  and  a  syllabus  of  the  Chinese 
laws  respecting  foreigners,  and  of  such 
others  as  may  be  found  to  involve 
their  interests.    To  these  particulars 
are  added  a  considerable  number  of 
Tables  and  Formula,  for  which  we 
must  refer  our  readers  to  the  work 
itself.     Persons  who  have  occasion 
for  information  of  this  description, 
will  be  abundantly  compensated  for 
their  trouble  by  a  careful  examination 
of  this  little  volume. 

T.  F. 


RECORD  COMMIS 

Mr.  Urban,  June  20. 

IT  may  be  interesting  to  those  of 
your  readers  who  have  perused  the 
various  papers  on  the  English  Record 
Commission-,  inserted  in  your  Maga- 
zine, to  compare  with  their  proceed- 
ings  the  Report  made  by  the  French 
Minister,  M.  Guizot,  to  his  Sovereign, 
on  the  measures  pursued  by  the  si- 
milar Record  Commission  established 
in  France.  The  object  of  both  Com- 
missions is  the  same,  viz.  the  pub- 
lication of  all  such  early  inedited  do- 
cuments as  illustrate  the  history  of 
the  country ;  but  there  is  a  very  wide 
and  Lamentable  difference  between  the 
limited  powers  possessed  by  the  Eng- 
lish Commissioners  and  the  absolute 
orders  of  the  French  Minister  of  State. 
In  the  one  case,  although  the  English 
Commission  has  been  established  for 


ION  IN  FRANCE. 

above  thirty  years,  there  still  exists 
the  same  difficulty  in  gaining  access  to 
the  Government  Offices,  and  Deposi- 
tories of  Public  Records  ;  the  same  ob- 
stacles thrown  in  the  way  by  persons 
who  pretend  to  have,  or  who  actually 
possess  vested  rights;  and  nearly  the 
same  ignorance  as  to  the  contents  of 
the  Record  Offices.  There  is  also 
wanting  that  public  spirit  and  zeal 
for  literature,  which  seem  to  ani- 
mate our  continental  neighbours  in 
the  prosecution  of  any  great  national 
work,  and  which,  in  England,  has 
usually  been  replaced  by  the  most 
scandalous  jobbing,  and  by  the  mere 
love  of  filthy  lucre.  It  were  easy  to 
explain  why  these  differences  exist,  but 
I  have  no  time  to  throw  away  fn  dis- 
cussing the  subject,  and  shall  turn  at 
once  to  the  Report  of  M.  Guizot, 


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1835.] 


Record  Commission  in  France. 


141 


which  occasions  my  now  addressing 
too.    It   bears  date  the  27th  No- 
vember,  1834,  and  was  inserted  in 
the  Journal  a>s  Debats  of  the  30th 
November  following. 

The  first  step  taken  hy  the  Mi- 
nister, to  whose  charge  the  plan  of 
the  Commission  was  entrusted,  was 
to  address,  in  November  1833,  cir- 
cular letters  to  the  prefets  of  the  se- 
veral departments  of  France,  for  sur- 
veys and  reports  of  the  different  li- 
braries and  archives  in  the  towns 
and  territory  over  which  they  pre- 
sided. The  returns  are  stated  to  con- 
tain very  valuable  information.  A 
similar  measure  was  adopted  by  the 
English  Record  Commission  in  an 
early  stage  of  their  proceedings,  but 
the  returns  were  so  meagre  and  un. 
satisfactory,  as  to  be  but  of  little 
service. 

The  next  step  of  M.  Guizot,  was  to 
open  a  correspondence,  in  July  1834, 
with  the  Literary  Societies  locally  es- 
tablished throughout  France,  for  the 
purpose  of  obtaining,  through  their 
medium,  more  extensive  information 
on  the  same  subject  of  inquiry.  On 
the  18th  of  the  same  month,  a  com- 
mittee was  formed,  specially  designed 
to  proceed  under  the  surveillance  of 
the  Minister,  and  in  this  committee 
were  nominated  those  individuals  who 
had  distinguished  themselves  for  their 
researches  into  the  early  history  and 
literature  of  France.    Their  primary 
object  was  to  define  accurately  the 
bounds  and  scope  of  the  undertaking. 
For  this  purpose  it  was  deemed  suf- 
ficient to  adhere  strictly  to  the  terms 
of  the  hoi  des  Finances  of  1834,  which 
stated  the  various  objects  of  the  Com- 
mission, viz.  to  collect  from  every 
source,    as  well  from  the  public  li- 
braries and  archives  of  the  kingdom, 
as  from  the  collections  of  local  so- 
cieties or  of  individuals,  to  examine 
thoroughly,  and  to  publish,   if  re- 
quisite, all  the  important  inedited  do* 
cuments  of  an  historical  character, 
including   chronicles,   charters,  me- 
moirs, correspondence,  &c.  &c.  and 
even  works  of  philosophy  or  art,  pro- 
vided that   they  afforded  any  illus- 
tration of  the  manners  and  social  po- 
sition of  the  people. 

The  Minister  and  Committee  then 
took  into  consideration  the  best  means 


of  carrying  this  into  effect,  and  the 
report  proceeds  thus  : — 

Considerable  difficulties  present 
themselves  in  the  search  after  docu- 
ments. At  Paris,  and  in  a  few  other 
towns,  the  archives  are  classed  me- 
thodically with  inventories  of  the  con- 
tents, but  every  where  else  confusion 
and  disorder  prevail.  At  the  period 
of  the  revolution,  an  immense  mass  of 
documents,  until  then  preserved  in 
ancient  monasteries,  chateaux,  and 
municipal  offices,  were  surrendered  to 
pillage  and  devastation.  Cartloads 
of  papers  and  manuscripts  were  car- 
ried into  the  neighbouring  districts, 
and  were  thrown  together,  j>4le-rn$le, 
into  cellars  or  granaries,  the  memory 
of  which  has  often  perished ;  and 
hence  the  error  that  the  records  in 
several  places  have  been  totally  de- 
stroyed. It  is  however  certain,  that 
in  many  towns  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  archives  may  yet  be  recovered. 
The  Bibliothique  du  Rot  possesses  a 
general  inventory  of  all  the  archives 
that  existed  in  Fiance  previous  to  the 
revolution,  made  about  1784,  which 
will  prove  of  great  assistance ;  the 
local  authorities  will  be  required  to 
arrange  their  archives  in  order,  and 
make  catalogues ;  and  a  number  of 
individuals,  selected  for  their  learning 
or  zeal  in  each  Department,  are  en- 
paged  in  correspondence  with  the  Mi- 
nister, to  see  this  properly  executed. 

Special  Commissioners  are  sent  by 
the  Committee  to  some  places,  and 
when  an  important  discovery  is  made, 
the  publication  of  the  documents  will 
take  place,  under  the  direct  super- 
intendence of  one  of  the  members  of 
the  Committee. 

In  many  towns  the  archives  are  in 
good  order.  The  public  library  of 
Besancon  has  for  a  long  period  been 
the  depository  of  the  papers  of  the 
principal  minister  of  Charles  the  Fifth 
and  Philip  the  Second.  This  vast  col- 
lection is  composed  of  all  the  official 
and  private  correspondence,  acts,  pa- 
pers, and  tracts,  relative  to  his  ad- 
ministration in  the  Low  Countries  and 
the  kingdom  of  Naples.  It  has  hi- 
therto only  been  imperfectly  known. 
A  Commission  therefore  has  been  ap- 
pointed there,  under  the  directum  of 
M.  Weiss,  the  librarian,  to  make  a 
complete  analysis  of  the  whole,  and 


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142 


Record  Commission  in  France. 


to  prepare  for  the  press  such  portions 
as  they  deem  worthy  of  being  printed. 

The  rich  archives  of  the  ancient 
Earls  of  Flanders  are  at  Lille.  These 
documents  extend  as  far  back  as  the 
eleventh  century.  Measures  will  be 
taken  to  examine  them  carefully. 

The  remains  of  the  ancient  archives 
of  Poosillon  are  at  Per  pi  gn  an.  These 
contain  very  valuable  information  re- 
specting the  history  of  that  proviuce, 
and  the  intercourse  between  the 
Crowns  of  France  and  Arragon. 

To  Poitiers,  where  the  archives  of 
the  ancient  province  of  Aquitania  are 
preserved,  one  of  the  elcves  of  the 
School  of  Charters  has  been  sent, 
with  the  title  of  archiviste,  and 
another,  with  the  same  powers,  to 
Lyons. 

At  Paris,  the  proceedings  of  the 
committee  are  in  full  activity.  The 
immense  collection  of  MSS.  in  the 
BibUothkque  du  Roi,  is,  for  the  first 
time,  to  be  submitted  to  a  general 
and  systematic  search.  The  valuable 
collections  of  Colbert,  Dupuy,  Bri- 
enne,  de  Gsignieres,  Baluze,  the  Pre- 

Sident  de  Mesmes,  and  others,  will  be 
thoroughly  examined.  Several  indi- 
viduals, under  the  direction  of  MM. 
Champollion,  Figeac,  and  Guerard, 
are  employed  for  this  purpose  in  se- 
dulous researches. 

Already  many  works  of  value  have 
been  discovered,  and  reserved  for  pub- 
lication. Among  these  may  be  no- 
ticed a  collection  of  curious  notes, 
chiefly  in  Italian,  in  the  handwriting 
of  Cardinal  Mazarin,  relative  to  the 
daily  incidents  of  his  government  dur- 
ing the  struggles  of  La  Fronde,  which 
are  shortly  to  be  given  to  the  world, 
accompanied  by  a  translation  and 
notes ;  and  a  Journal  of  the  Etats- 
Generaux,  held  at  Tours  in  1483, 
compiled  in  Latin  by  Jean  Masselin, 
one  of  the  members,  which  will  also 
be  printed,  with  a  translation. 

An  important  monument  of  the  lan- 
guage, poetry,  and  history  of  the  pe- 
riod— a  Chronicle  of  the  war  of  the 
Albigcois — written  in  Provencal,  one 
of  the  most  interesting  documents  of 
the  13th  century,  is  to  be  prepared  for 
the  press  by  M.  Fauriel,  the  author  of 
the  Lectures  on  the  Literature  and 
Poetry  of  the  South  of  France. 
After  the  peace  of  1763,   M.  de 


Brequigny  was  sent  to  London  with  a 
bureau  of  seven  persons,  charged  with 
a  commission  to  transcribe,  from  tbe 
Records  in  the  Tower,  every  document 
relative  to  the  history  of  France.  Thia 
undertaking  lasted  for  several  years, 
and  produced  a  collection  of  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  volumes  in  folio,  the 
oriyinaU  of  which  have  since  been  lost** 
These  volumes  are  now  deposited  in  ..  ~ 
the  Bibliotheque  du  Roi,  aud  are  of 
great  interest  and  importance.  An 
examination  of  the  contents  of  each 
has  been  ordered,  and  the  publication 
of  the  most  valuable  will  follow. 

Another  source,  thought  to  throw 
great  light  on  the  early  political  his- 
tory of  the  monarchy,  will  be  the  va- 
rious charters  and  grants  made  by  the 
sovereigns  and  feudal  lords  at  various 
times.  These  are  very  numerous,  and 
many  unpublished.  The  Royal  Li- 
brary possesses  an  extensive  collection 
made  by  Duprey,  in  several  volume* 
folio,  which  will  be  attentively  pe- 
rused. Those  already  printed  will  not 
be  republished.  To  these  will  be  added 
the  charters  of  different  corporations, 
gilds,. &c.  The  whole  to  be  under  the 
management  of  M.  Augustin Thierry. 

The  general  archives  of  the  kingdom 
will  equally  furnish  a  great  number  of 
detached  documents  worthy  of  pub- 
lication, and  the  various  special  ar- 
chives of  the  several  Ministers  will 
afford  ample  materials ;  but,  of  course, 
it  will  be  necessary  to  consult  these 
with  caution  and  judgment,  and  to 
confine  the  research  within  the  bounds 
properly  within  the  legitimate  juris- 
diction of  history.  The  archives  of 
the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  form 
the  most  considerable  d£pot,  for  ex- 
tent and  value.  The  publications 
therefrom  will  be  placed  under  the 
care  of  M.  Mignet,  who  has  already 
prepared  an  important  recueil,  as  the 
commencement  of  the  series,  This 
will  contain  the  long  and  curious  ne- 
gociations  relative  to  the  succession  in 
Spain,  subsequent  to  the  death  of 
Charles  the  Second,  which  began  im- 
mediately after  the  treaty  of  the  Py- 
renees, in  1659#  and  terminated  only 
in  1713,  at  the  peace  of  Utrecht.  The 
policy  of  Louis  the  Fourteenth  will. 


•  So  says  M.  Guixot.  Let  the  Keeper 
of  the  Records  in  the  Tower  look  to  it  I 


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1835.] 

for  the  fiibt  time,  appear  in  all  its  ex- 
tent. The  archives  of  the  D4pot  de 
Guerre,  will  be  also  consulted.  They 
will  supply  the  history  of  the  various 
campaigns,  the  correspondence  of 
Louis  the  Fourteenth,  of  Philip  the 
Fifth,  and  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  of 
the  Marechal  de  Berwick,  and  the 
Duke  de  Vend6me.  To  these  will  be 
added  -maps  and  plans,  and  the  work 
will  be  under  the  management  of  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

The  same  course  will  be  pursued  in 
regard  to  the  archives  of  the  naval 
department. 

After  the  political  history  of  the 
monarchy,  will  come  under  review  its 
moral  and  intellectual  character,  and 
the  works  which  relate  to  it.  Of  this 
description,  a  MS.  of  the  famous  work 
of  Obailard,  entitled  Sic  et  Non,  sup- 
posed  to  be  lost,  has  been  recovered  in 
the  library  of  Avranches.  It  was  this 
treatise  which  occasioned  the  con- 
demnation of  its  author  at  the  Council 
of  Seris,  in  1 140.  The  editor  will  be 
M.  Cousin. 

Lastly,  the  History  of  Art  will  oc- 
cupy the  attention  of  the  Committee. 
The  Minister  proposes  to  enter  on  it 
forthwith,  and  for  that  purpose  has 
caused  a  complete  catalogue  to  be 
prepared  of  the  monuments  of  all 
classes  and  ages  which  have  existed, 
or  still  exist  in  France. 


143 

Such  is  the  substance  of  M.  Guizot't 
report,  which  cannot  fail  to  attract 
the  attention  of  those  gentlemen  who 
direct  the  Record  Commission  in  our 
own  country.  A  period  of  fifteen 
years  at  least  has  elapsed  since  the 
collections  for  a  complete  edition  of 
our  national  historians  commenced, 
and  we  have  still  to  hope  for  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  first  volume!  Let  us 
venture  to  predict,  that  when  it  comes 
forth,  it  will  be  able  to  bear  a  com- 
parison with  the  works  of  a  similar 
class,  already  complete,  or  in  progress 
in  Italy,  France,  Germany,  Denmark, 
&c.  &c. 

Even  in  the  recent  kingdom  of 
Belgium,  the  same  spirit  of  historical 
inquiry  seems  to  have  arisen,  and  a 
Commission  has  been  issued  by  King 
Leopold,  the  objects  of  which  embrace 
much  more  than  the  English,  or  even 
the  French ;  for  not  only  does  it  con- 
template the  publication  of  all  his- 
torical documents,  strictly  so  called, 
but  an  abstract  of  all  the  monastic 
cartularies,  and  a  complete  collection 
of  all  the  tracts  in  poetry  and  prose, 
which  serve  to  illustrate  the  ancient 
language  and  literature  of  the  country ! 
When  shall  we  see  such  a  collection 
made  in  England  ?  Let  the  admirers  of 
Chaucer  and  Peirt  Plouhman  reply, 
if  they  can. 

Yours,  &c.  *. 


Plan  of  the  Cathedral  of  Old  Sarum. 


PLAN  OF  THE  CATHEDRAL  OF  OLD  SARUM. 


IT  will  be  recollected  that,  owing 
to  the  dryness  of  last  summer,  the 
foundations  were  perceived,  through 
the  grass,  of  the  ancient  Cathedral  on 
the  hill  of  Old  Sarum. 

Mr.  Hatcher,  the  author  of  a  recent 
"  Account  of  Old  and  New  Sarum,*" 
did  not  neglect  the  opportunity  thus 
afforded,  of  obtaining  information  re- 
htive  to  this  long -vanished  edifice, 
and  from  such  traces  as  he  found, 
assisted  by  the  analogies  of  other  struc- 
tures, similar  in  their  destination  and 
the  period  of  their  erection,  he  ex- 
ercised his  iogennity  in  the  formation 
of  the  plan  which  we  have  now  the 
pleasure  to 'lay  before  our  readers.f 

*  See  our  vol.  II-  P*  273* 

t  Of  the  entire  hill  of  Old  Sarum  for- 
ner  plans  have  been  made,  and  copies 
fctve  been  published  in  various  forms ; 


The  Saxon  diocese  of  Wiltshire  was 
divided  from  the  more  ancient  bishop- 
ric of  Sherborne,  about  the  middle  of 
the  ninth  century  J,  and  the  see  was 
fixed  at  Wilton.  Herman,  a  somewhat 


sometimes  the  streets  are  laid  out,  we  pre- 
sume on  the  authority  of  Leland,  and 
sometimes  a  pretended  view  of  the  Castle 
is  added  ;  but  we  will  not  allow  this  op-  • 
portunity  to  pass  without  remarking  that 
that  Castle  is  copied  from  the  sepulchral 
brass  of  Bishop  Wyvill  in  Salisbury  Ca- 
thedral, where  it  was  intended  for  a  re- 
presentation (whether  a  correct  one  we 
are  unable  to  say,)  not  of  the  Castle  of 
Sarum,  but  of  that  of  Sherborne,  of 
which  Bishop  Wyvill  was  Constable. 
See  Gough's  "  Sepulchral  Monuments," 
Vol.  I.  p.  132,  and  the  engraving  in  Car- 
ter's  "  Ancient  Sculpture  and  Painting." 

t  Alfstan  Bishop  of  Wilton  is  men- 
tioned in  a  charter  of  Edgar  in  866. 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1-M 


Plan  of  the  Cathedral  of  Old  Sarum. 


[Aug. 


restless  prelate,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  dedication,  on  the  nones  of  April.  Only 

the  Confessor,  made  an  unsuccessful  five  clays  after,  a  violent  storm  destroyed 

attempt  to  remove  the  see  to  Malmes-  the  roof,  as  is  commemorated  in  "the 

bury;  but  a  few  years  after,  on  the  death  following  lines  of  the  rhyming  chron- 

of  the  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  he  effected  icle  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 

the  reunion  of  the  dioceses  of  Dorset-  . 

shire  and  Wiltshire,  and  finally,  after  So  ff^t  lytnynge  was  the  vyfte  yer,  so 

!he^°hT%Cl0m;UeS1t,reraOVe^the6eC  The  rofVthe°  church  of  Salesbury  it 
to  the  hill  of  Sorbiodunum,  or  Seares-  broute 

by£!?-'     t_         ,  ,  Ryght  evene   the   vyfle   day   that  he 

This  change  he  was  enabled  to  ac-  yhalwed  was. 

complish  under  the  authority  of  an 
ordinance  of  the  Council  held  at  Lon- 
don in  1075,  which  directed  that 
Bishops'  sees  should  be  removed  from 
obscure  places  to  the  towns  of  the 


Unless  there  is  some  confusion,  the 
coincidence  here  is  extraordinary, 
that  the  church  should  be  dedicated 
on  the  fifth  of  April,  in  the  fifth  year 


greatest  importance  in  their  dioceses;  of  the  King's  reign,  and  that  it  should 

though  it  appears,  from  several  old  be  so  greatly  injured  five  days  after, 

authors,  that  Old  Sarum  was  never  Yet  the  last  fact  is  repeated  by  Knigh- 

rnuch  of  a  city,  but  only,  as  the  castle  ton.    However,  the  church  was  cora- 

of  the  Sheriff  of  Wiltshire,  it  had  be-  pleted  by  Bishop  Osmund,  and  he  was 

come  the  seat  of  the  civil  jurisdiction  buried  in  it  in  1099.    His  bones  were 

of  the  county.    Herman  is  said  to  afterwards  translated  to  the  new  Ca- 


have  commenced  the  cathedral  of  Old 
Sarum ;  and  after  his  death,  in  1077* 
the  work  was  carried  on  and  com- 
pleted by  his  successor  Osmund. 

The  edifice  was  completed  in  the  year 
1092,  when,  with  the  assistance  of 
Walcheline  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
and  John  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 


thedral ;  and  he  was  canonized  in 
145G. 

His  successors  at  Old  Sarum  were 
Roger,  who  died  in  1139;  Jocelyn 
who  died  in  1 184 ;  Hubert  Walter, 
translated  to  Canterbury  in  1193; 
Herbert  Poore,  who  died  in  1216; 
and  Richard  Poore,  in  whose  time  the 


(one  authority  says  with  seven  Bi-  preseut  Cathedral  of  Salisbury  was 
f  hops,)  he  performed  the  ceremony  of  founded. 


The  ground  plan  of  this  Cathedral, 
as  shown  by  the  traces  of  the  founda- 
tions, seen  last  year,  was  in  the  form 
of  a  plain  cross,  with  side  aisles  to  the 
nave  and  choir.  The  architect  seems 
to  have  imitated  the  style  of  the  an- 


tient  portion  of  the  cathedral  of  Win- 
chester, which  is  said  to  have  been 
built  by  Wacheline,  and  finished  in 
1097.  The  east  end  did  not  ter- 
minate in  a  semicircular  apsis,  as 
buildings  of  that  era  frequently  did. 


Digitized  by  Google 


I 

1835.] 


Cathedral  o/X)ld  Sarum. 


MS 


The  following  may  be  considered  as 
in  approximate  measurement  of  its 
several  parts,  which  display  great  bar- 
moay  of  proportion  : — Total  length, 
2,"0  feet;  length  of  the  transept,  150; 
of  the  nave,  150;  of  the  choir,  00; 
breadth  of  the  nave,  72  ;  of  which  18 
fwtwere  taken  on  each  side  for  the 
aisles;  of  the  transept,  60.  At  the 
▼est  end,  the  aisles,  to  the  length  of 
30  feet,  appear  to  have  been  parti- 
tioned off,  as  if  for  chapels.  The 
foundations  of  the  nave  were  found  to 
be  above  seven  feet  thick,  and  those  of 
the  transept  above  five  feet,  without 
the  facings. 

The  reasons  for  the  removal  of  the 
clergy  from  this  church,  were  the 
bleakness  of  the  situation,  which  oc- 
casioned their  buildings  to  suffer  fre- 
qoently  from  storms,  a  want  of  water, 
and  quarrels  with  the  soldiers  of  the 
castle.  The  following  lines,  whether 
written  at  the  time,  or  at  a  subsequent 
period,  express  the  sentiments  of  the 
ecclesiastics  on  the  subject. 

Quid  Domini  Domus  in  Castro,  nisi 
foederis  area  [locus, 

la  Teraplo  Baalim  ?  Career  uterque 
Eat  ibi  defectus  aquae,  sed  copia  cretje, 

S*vit  ibi  ventus,  sed  philomela  silet. 

The  new  cathedral  was  begun  in  1220  ; 
the  bodies  of  the  three  bishops,  Os- 
ttund,  Roger,  and  Jocely  n  were  removed 
thither  in  1226  ;  and  the  final  conse- 
cration took  place  in  1258.    In  1331, 
Kin;  Edward  111.  granted  permission 
to  the  Bishop  and  Dean  and  Chapter,  to 
remove  the  stone  walls  of  their  church 
and  houses  within  his  fortress  of  Old 
Sarum,  and  to  employ  them  in  the 
improvement  of  their  new  church ; 
and  of  the  enclosure  of  the  same, 
to  the  same  record,  reference  is  made 
to  the  chantry,  dedicated  to  St.  Mary, 
which  was  probably  a  foundation  an- 
terior even  to  the  antient  cathedral  it- 
wlfi  and  which  they  were  permitted 
to  establish  anew,  in  any  other  place 
within  the  fortress.   This  chapel  is 
again  mentioned  in  the  chapter  records, 
ifl  1392,  an  then  wanting  repair,  as 
well  as  its  organ.    In  the  valuable 
account  which  Leland  has  left  us  of 
Old  Sarum,   it  is  stated  that  the 
only  token   then   remaining  of  the 
cathedral  was   "  a  chapelte  of  our 
Lady,  yet  standing  and  mainteynid." 
The  other  important  particulars  that 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Leland  furnishes  of  Old  Sarum,  are 

these : — 

"  There  was  a  parish  of  the  Holy 
Rood,  and  another  [church]  over  the 
East  Gate,  whereof  ytt  some  tokens 
remain. 

'*  I  do  not  perceive  that  there  were 
any  more  Gates  in  Old  Salisbury  than 
two  r  one  by  east,  and  another  by 
west.  Without  each  cf  these  Gates 
was  a  fair  suburb;  and  in  the  east 
suburb  was  a  parish  church  of  St. 
John,*  and  there  yet  is  a  chapel 
standing. 

"  There  have  been  houses  in  time 
of  mind  inhabited  in  the  east  subutb 
of  Old  Salisbury;  but  now  there  is 
not  one  house,  either  within  Old  Salis- 
bury or  without,  inhabited. 

"  There  was  a  right  fair  and  strong 
Castle,  belonging:  to  the  Earls  of  Salis- 
bury. Much  notable  ruinous  building 
of  this  Castle  yet  there  remaineth. 
The  ditch  that  environed  the  town 
was  a  very  deep  and  strong  thing." 

Mr.  Bowles,  in  the  concluding  pages 
of  his  "  History  of  Lacock  Abbey," 
to  which  interesting  and  animated 
work  we  are  indebted  for  the  plans, 
has  given  the  following  eloquent  de- 
scription of  the  view  from  Old  Sarum  : — 

It  was  on  the  Kith  day  of  February, 
having  completed  the  last  sheets  of  this 
long  story  of  other  days,  I  stood  on  the 
summit  of  the  silent  mound  of  Old  Sarum, 
the  eventful  scene  of  much  of  this  history. 
I  stood  on  the  site,  as  it  is  conceived,  of  Ed- 
ward the  Sheriff's  Castle,  recalling 
the  names,  and  characters,  and  events,  of 
a  distant  age,  when,  on  this  spot,  a  City 
shone,  with  its  Cathedral,  and  ita  Nor- 
man Castle,  lifting  their  pinnacles  and 
turrets  above  the  clouds  ;  and  here,  on 
this  majestic  and  solitary  eminence,  the 
Regal  form  of  the  stern  Conqueror,  his 
mailed  Barons,  the  grey-haired  and  mi- 
tred Osmund,  who  had  exchanged  hit 
sword  for  a  crozier — and  young  Edward,' 
ancestor  of  the  Foundress  of  Lacockp 
seemed  to  pass  before  me,  followed  by 
the  crowned  Troubadour,  Richard  of  the 
*'  Lion's  Heart" — his  heroic  Brother  of 
the  14  Long  Sword,"  buried  In  the  Ca- 
thedral below ;  and  ELA  his  bereaved 
and  pious  Widow,  pale,  placid,  and  tear- 
ful, the  Foundress  of  that  Abbey  whose 
Annals  we  have  been  the  first  distinctly 
to  relate. 

"  I  turned  my  eyes,  and  beheld  the  vast 

•  Traces  of  interments,  indicating  the 
cemetery  of  this  church,  were  found 
in  1834. 

U 


Digitized  by  Google 


446 


The  View  from  Old  Sarum. 


[Aug. 


and  solitary  plains  below,  stretching  on 
every  side,  like  Ocean — To  the  norih- 
west,  hid  only  by  an  intervening  elevation 
of  the  Downs,  Stonehkxgk,  "  wonder 
of  a^es,"  was  still  sitting  in  her  sad  glory, 
to  which  most  ancient  Temple  of  the  Sun 
it  might  be  conceived  the  Bards,  de- 
scending in  procession,  whilst  it  was  yet 
dark,  on  solemn  festivals,  from  the  sacred 
hill  of  Salisbury,*  and  joining  in  the  open 
space,  between  the  vast  forests,!  struck 
their  harps  in  acclaim,  as  the  mighty  ob- 
ject of  their  adoration  slowly  ascended 
above  the  eastern  hills. 

44  To  the  west,  south-west — east,  and 
north-east — strode  t>u,  in  direct  lines,  over 
hill  and  vale,  with  traces,  after  fifteen  cen- 
turies, distinct  as  yesterday — the  four 
mighty  Roman  Roads,  here  meeting 
as  in  a  centre.  Immediately  on  our 
right,  a  little  below  the  mound  on  which 
the  Norman  banner  floated  on  the  aerial 
keep  of  the  Citadel,  we  marked  the  site  of 
the  ancient  and  vanished  Cathedral. 

44  Towards  the  east,  anciently  appeared 
the  battlements  of  Clarendon  Palace ;  to 
the  south-west,  the  field  of  tournament, 
of  which  the  chivalrous  Coeur  de  Lion 
appointed  five  in  England ;  to  the  east 
and  south-east,  crowning  the  further 
heights,  the  camps,  occupied  by  the  Bel- 
gic  invaders,  in  their  progress  to  the 
Severn,  still  seemed  to  awe  the  surround- 
ing country ;  whilst  a  series  of  barrows 
terminated  the  view,  until  their  forms 
were  lost  in  the  distance. 

44  But  the  most  interesting  sight  re- 
mained.  On  the  left,  surmounting  the 
towers  and  lesser  spires,  the  houses,  and 
smoke,  of  the  City  of  the  Living,  shone 
the  aerial  spire  of  the  Cathedral  of  New 
Sarym,  with  the  morning  sun  on  its  elfin 
shaft ;  and  could  we  be  insensible  to  the 
thought,  that  within  those  walla  the  sa- 
cred rites  of  Christian  worship,  with  a 
purer  and  more  scriptural  service,  had 

*  Solis-bury.  See  Davies's  Celtic 
Autiquities,  44  hill  of  bards," 

f  Namely,  of  Clarendon,  united  with 
the  New  Forest,  and  exteuding  to  the 
sea-— the  vast  woody  track  of  Cranbourne 
Chace — Great  Ridge— Groveley,  &c. 


been  uninterruptedly  kept  up— *ave  in  the 
short  intervening  space  of  the  fanatical 
republic — for  six  hundred  years,  as 
duly  and  solemnly  as  wnen  the  youthful 
Henry,  and  his  Justiciary,  Hubert  de 
Burgh,  offered  their  gifts  on  the  altar  ? 
with  this  difference,  indeed,  that  the  plain 
sacramental  bread  had  succeeded  the 
Elevation  of  the  Host,  an  emblem  de- 
rived from  the  ancient  Druidical  worship 
of  the  Sun,  on  its  first  elevation  above  the 
horizon  ?£     And  could  we  forget  that 
the  plain  open  Word  op  God,  the 
white  amice,  the  decent  forms,  had  suc- 
ceeded the  pompous  ceremonial  and  pa- 
geantry of  Popish  rites,  whilst  the  chil- 
dren of  the  choir,  iustead  of  tossing  to 
and  fro  their  censors,  with  the  words  of 
Latin,  repeating  by  rote,  44  meA  culpa, 
meA  maximA  culpa,"  now,  after  the  chant, 
are  seen,  bending  their  heads  over  their 
Bibles,  as  the  lesson  for  the  day  is  read, 
presenting  one  of  the  most  interesting 
sights  of  the  Protestant,  or  rather 
purer  Catholic  Church. 

44  To  return  to  the  desolate  hill.  No 
human  creature  was  in  sight,  save  some 
poor  women  gathering  sticks  among  the 
thorns  of  the  ramparts.  A  few  sheep 
were  bleating  in  the  foss.  The  rivers 
N adder  and  Avon  were  seen  tranquilly 
meandering  in  the  nether  vale  ;  whilst 
the  solitary  tree,  in  an  adjoining  meadow, 
under  which,  for  centuries,  the  burgesses 
for  this  ancient  City  had  been  elected, — 
bow  with  its  bare  trunk  seemed  to  resem- 
ble its  fortune,  one  branch  only  remaining. 

44  I  descended,  musing  on  the  events 
which  a  new  Parliament,  under  new 
auspices,  might  bring  forth,  either  for 
good  or  for  evil  ;  perhaps  in  the 
end  destined  to  leave  the  present  Ca- 
thedral AS  DESOLATE  A9  THE  FOR- 
MER ! — These  events  are  in  the  hand  of 
God ;  be  ours  submission  and  prayers." 


X  The  emblem  is  therefore  round,  sup- 
rounded  with  a  blaze  of  jewellery,  as  rays 
of  the  luminary  which  it  represented. 
This  might  be  called,  indeed,  the  44  an- 
cient faith  !  J"  as  the  early  corruptions 
of  the  Christian  creed  have 'been  absurdly 
called.  ' 


MEMORIALS  OP  LITERARY  CHARACTERS. — No.  VII. 

LETTERS  OF  LORD  DOLING  BROKE. 

THE  following  letters  of  Henry  St.  John,  Lord  Viscount  Boliogbroke,  toge- 
ther  with  some  of  other  writers  which  we  shall  publish  on  a  future  occasion, 
have  been  kindly  communicated  to  us  from  transcripts  of  the  originals,  by  the 
grandson  of  Edward  Long,  Esq.  the  Historian  of  Jamaica,  who  prefixed  to  them 
the  following  memorandum  : 

<•  Mem.  These  Letters,  of  whose  authenticity  I  have  not  the  smallest  doubt, 


Digitized  by  Google 


1 835.]  Letters  of  Lord  Bollngbroke  to  Aaron  Hill  Ml 


are  transcribed  from  a  collection  which  was  in  the  hands  of  Nicholas  Bourke, 
Esq.*  who  died  in  Jamaica  12  or  14  years  ago  ;  and  from  him  they  descended 
into  the  possession  of  his  son  Thomas  Bourke,  Esq.  a  gentleman  of  very  re- 
spectable character,  and  elegant  genius,  at  present  residing  in  that  Inland. 
His  father,  Mr.  Nicholas  Bourke,  had  them  from  Mr.  Dowell,  whom  I  was 
formerly  acquainted  with  in  Jamaica,  and  who  had,  for  some  years  of  his  life, 
been  in  Lord  Bolingbroke's  employ  as  a  private  secretary  or  amanuensis;  thus 
the  derivation  of  them  from  Lord  B.'s  cabinet,  is  very  easily  traced.  This  Mr. 
Dowell  was  some  time  in  Jamaica,  where  he  married  a  rich  widow.  He  seemed 
perfectly  well  informed  of  Lord  Bolingbroke's  general  and  private  history,  and 
had  many  anecdotes  of  him,  very  highly  to  the  honour  of  his  eminent  talents. 
Dowell's  colloquial  language  was  a  pedantic  imitation  of  his  Lordship's  nervous 
style, — an  awkward  imitation  it  is  true; — Bolingbroke's  language  burlesqued! 
but  he  was  a  goodnatured  and  a  sensible  man.  Mis  death  was  singular.  In- 
tending to  pass  to  North  America  for  the  re-establishment  of  bis  health,  he 
embarqued  with  his  family  at  Montego  Bay,  a  port  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Island,  but  had  not  been  many  hours  at  sea  before  a  flash  of  lightning  falling 
on  the  ship  set  fire  to  the  rum  which  was  the  chief  part  of  its  loading,  by  the 
explosion  of  which  every  soul  on  board  unfortunately  perished  ;  and  thf  ir  fate 
would  have  remained  unknown,  but  for  another  vessel  in  com  pan  v,  the  crew 
of  which  beheld  the  accident,  the  more  terrible  as  it  was  irremediable. 

"  Nov.  1786.  ,  E.  Long." 

Aaron  Hill,  to  whom  these  letters  are  addressed,  is  well  known  as  a  drama- 
tic poet  and  essayist.  His  works  and  correspondence  were  published  in  six 
volumes  8vo.  1753.  In  that  collection  occurs  only  one  letter  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke,  which  was  written  in  1738,  on  the  Tragedy  of  Ceesar, 


To  Aaron  Hill,  Esq. 
Sir,  London,  Nov.  30,  1733. 

I  received  the  proof  of  your  good 
opinion,  by  Mr.  Pope,  with  pleasure 
»nd  gratitude.  I  have  read  your  Tra- 
gedy, for  I  may  well  call  it  yours, 
with  rapture,  and  1  wish  with  all  my 
heart  that  there  was  less  reason  than 
hWe  is,  for  a  melancholy  reflection, 
wbich  arose  in  my  mind  as  soon  as 
this  agreeable  task  was  over  ;  you 
breathe  the  true  spirit  of  tragedy,  soft, 
mild,  rough,  terrible,  but  always  ele- 
vated, always  noble.  Your  sentiments 
are  drawn  trora  nature,  that  common 
•ource,  but  they  are  never  vulgar. 
Yoor  diction  follows  your  sentiments ; 
»*  inspired,  is  filled,  is  sustained  by 
tbem,  and  only  strikes  the  ear  as  it 
conveys  these  to  the  heart ;  there  the 
•motions,*  which  you  raise,  begin ; 
from  thence  they  extend  themselves, 
*od  shake  the  whole  frame,  whilst 
many  writers,  and  sometimes  even 
our  admired  Shakespear,  seem  to  me 
like  sons  of  vEolus,  rather  than  of  Ap- 
pollo;  they  raise  a  storm  on  the  surface, 


and  leave  the  depths  of  the  waters 
unmoved.  This,  Sir,  is  my  sincere 
Opinion,  formed  on  the  Tragedy  I  have 
just  now  read,  and  on  some"  former 
compositions  of  yours.  It  is  that 
makes  me  lament  the  present  state  of 
the  stage  and  town,  the  first  has  been 
long  prophaned  by  harlequins  and  Ita- 
lian eunuchs,  and  I  doubt  whether 
one  English  actor  remains  worthy  of 
the  buskin.  The  other  is  fallen  into  a 
depravity  of  taste,  that  feels  neither 
the  charms  of  writing,  nor  of  acting 
well.  Tom  Thumb  may  croud  an  au- 
dience, whilst  Zara  is  abandoned  ;  and 
the  authors  in  the  Dunciad  be  read, 
whilst  the  author  of  the  Dunciad  is 
neglected.  But  whilst  )  lament  both 
his  fate  and  yours,  I  admire  your  vir- 
tue ;  it  is  indeed  great  and  meritorious 
virtue  not  to  despair  of  the  common- 
wealth of  letters,  but  to  assert  in  the 
noblest  manner,  by  daring  to  write  as 
you  write,  the  cause  of  good  sense, 
and  learning,  of  wit  and  poetry,  in  the 
midst  of  those  Goths  and  Vandals, 
who  have  driven  them  quite  out  of 


*  This  gentleman  was  a  younger  son  of  Edmund  Bourke,  of  Cornlaunagh  in  Ire. 
,aod(son  of  Edmund  Burke  of  Urcy,  of  the  Mayo  family),  by  Mary,  daughter  of 
Richard  Areedeckne,  of  Gortncmona  in  Ireland.    He  went  out  to  Jamaica,  where  he; 
carried  Elizabeth  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Fearon,  Chief  Juptice  of  the  Island,  and 
died  in  1771,  leaving  several  children. 


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M8 


Letters  of  Lord  Bolingbroke. 


[Aug. 


fashion,  and  have  almost  annihilated 
their  existence.  After  all,  who  can  pro- 
nounce that  your  labour  will  be  in 
Tain?  You  may  do  perhaps  some- 
thing more  than  Orpheus  did,  when 
he  tamed  the  savage  herds  of  beasts 
and  men.  Boileau  and  Raccne  did 
something  like  it,  not  many  years  ago, 
in  France ;  the  true  taste  began  to  be 
vitiated,  and  authors  who  could  not 
write  up  to  the  standard  then  esta- 
blished, began  to  give  currency  to  wit 
of  base  alloy.  Boileau  and  Raccne 
exposed  the  fraud,  restored  the  standard, 
nay,  refined  and  fixed  it  to  that  de- 

free,  that  even  at  this  hour,  when  the 
rench  have  no  poets  equal  to  these, 
the  suffrages  of  the  publick  go  to  those 
who  approach  them  the  nearest ;  the 
genius  is  not  the  same,  the  judgement 
is.  Genius  formed  judgement,  judge- 
ment in  its  turn  will  call  forth  genius 
anew.  Preserve  and  fix  our  sterling 
standard ,  Sir  ;  no  writer  can  contribute 
to  it  more  than  vou  :  and  vou  inav 
justly  hope  to  succeed  in  the  attempt, 
unless  the  fate  of  other  empires  hangs 
on  ours,  and  the  period  be  come  at 
which  we  are  doomed  to  fall  back  into 
barbarity  and  ignorance.  What  I  can 
do  is  little,  but  that  little  shall  be  al- 
ways employed  in  the  cause  of  wit, 
sense,  learning,  and  truth  ;  it  will  he 
therefore  always  employed  in  your 
cause,  Sir,  to  whom  I  remain,  with 
very  great  esteem,  a  most  obedient  and 
most  humble  servant, 

(Signed)    H.  Vis.  Bolingbroke. 

Sir,    Twickenham,  July  y  2 1  st.  1 738. 

I  have  read,  since  I  came  hither 
with  Mr.  Pope,  the  Enquiry  into  the 
merit  of  Assassination,  the  Trajedy  of 
Caesar,  and  the  Dedication  by  which 
you  intend  much  honour  to  my  name. 
If  the  Treatise  has  not  entirely  con- 
vinced me  that  Caesar  was  a  patriot, 
it  has  convinced  me  at  least,  in  spight 
of  all  ancient  and  modern  prejudices, 
that  he  was  so  as  much  as  Pompey, 
and  that  liberty  would  have  been  as 
safe  in  his  hands  as  the  other's.  The 
tragedy  is  finely  wrought,  the  carac- 
ters  are  admiraMy  well  drawn,  the 
sentiments  are  noble  beyond  the  power 
of  wortls,  and  your  expression,  dig- 
nified as  it  is,  "can  add  nothing  to 
their  sublime.  We  have  doubted,  Mr. 
Pope  and  I,  whether  in  some  few  in- 
etances  the  utmost  effortr,  of  langunge 


have  not  a  little  obscured  the  beauty 
and  force  of  thought.  If  it  became  me 
to  say  anything  more  of  the  dedica- 
tion than  this,  that  by  inscribing  to 
me  one  of  the  noblest  dramas  that 
our  language  or  any  age  can  boast, 
you  transmit  my  character  to  posterity 
with  greater  advantage  than  any  1 
could  have  given  it,  I  would  say  that 
I  feel  a  laudable  vanity  to  be  thought 
the  friend  as  well  as  admirer  of  so 
great  a  writer,  and  should  therefore 
be  still  better  pleased  if  you  treated 
me  in  a  style  less  elevated,  and  less 
distant  from  that  familiarity  which  I 
shall  be  always  extremely  glad  to  hold 
with  you.  I  am,  Sir,  most  sincerely 
your  most  obedient  and  most  humble 
servant, 

(Signed)    II.  Vis.  Bolingbroke. 


Sir,    Battersea,  Aug.  the  21*/,  1/46. 

A  series  of  ill  health,  my  absence 
from  this  place,  and  my  expectation 
of  Mr.  Mallet's  return  from  Tunbridge, 
by  whom  1  might  convey  my  letter, 
have  hindered  me  from  acknowledging 
sooner  the  favour  you  did  me  in  send- 
ing me  your  Poem,  and  a  compliment 
which  I  should  be  glad  to  deserve. 

Your  guide  is  reason,  your  object 
truth  ;  but  you  live  in  an  age  that  has 
not  this  object  in  view,  and  that  either 
declines  this  guide  altogether,  or  em- 
ploys her  as  the  drudge  of  prejudice. 
So  it  has  been,  so  it  will  be ;  and  all 
that  remains  for  those  to  do  who  love 
truth,  is  to  travel  out,  peacefully,  patient 
life's  utwjjending  journey.  I  am,  with 
much  regard,  your  most  obedient, 
humble  servant, 

(Signed)    H.  Vis.  Bolingbroke. 

Sir,        Battersea,  Oct.  26th,  1748. 

I  have  many  things  to  thank  you 
for,  and  whilst  I  own  myself  greatly 
your  debtor,  I  am  sorry  to  be  an  in- 
solvent one.  You  ascribe  more  to  me 
and  less  to  yourself  than  we  both  de- 
serve. Your  poem  of  Gedeon,  so  I 
hope  you  will  call  it,  sets  out  in  a 
noble  manner,  and  I  observe  with 
pleasure  the  new  political  turn  you 
propose  to  give  it.  Monarchy  is  the 
best  of  governments,  and  liberty  the 
greatest  of  blessings.  If  they  go  seldom 
together,  if  one  rises  by  force  or  slides 
imperceptibly  into  unmasked  or  mask- 
ed tyranny,  for  there  is  tyranny  of 
both  sorts,  and  the  last  perhaps  the 


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1835.] 


Dr.  Stukeley's  Journal. 


149 


worst;  if  the  other  degenerates  into 
licence,  for  licence  is  liberty  run  mad, 
who  tears,  and  mangles,  and  destroys 
ber  own  form  ;  let  them  appear  united 
in  your  poem,  as  they  are  in  the  reason 
of  things,  and  as  they  arc  designed  to 
be  in  fact  by  the  wise  principles  of 
the  British  Constitution.  These  have 
bten  often  recalled  to  the  minds  of 
men,  and  are  sufficiently  known  ;  but 
tbat  spirit  which  can  "alone  render 
them  active,  has  not  yet  been  raised, 
and  he  who  is  a  patriot  in  specula- 
tion is  the  tool  of  a  court,  or  the  in- 
strument of  a  faction  in  practice.  Let 
it  be  the  Muse's  task  to  raise  this 
spirit,  to  fan  the  dying  embers  of  zeal 
for  the  publick,  and  to  fire  the  minds 
of  those  with  the  glorious  ambition  of 
patriots,  to  whom  nature  has  given 
the  talents,  or  fortune  the  means  of 
being  such.    Political,  like  religious 
missionarys,  may  teach  you  their  duty 
in  didactic   discourses,  but  we  feel 
that  oratory  and  poetry  much  more  is 
necessary  to  animate  in  one  case,  like 
special  grace,  which  we  believe  de- 
termines in  the  other ;  and  thus  the 
passions  of  the  heart  are  set  on  the 
side  of  virtue,  till  virtue  becomes  the 
object  of  our  predominant  passion. 
Whilst  you  express  a  doubt  you  shew 
extremely  well  how  satyr  should  be 
managed.    Horace  sneered  Vice  into 
ridicule,  Juvenal  lashed  it.  Persius 
mizht  have  done  something  of  both 
kinds,  if  he  had  studyed  to  be  intel- 
ligible instead  of  affect  ing  obscurity. 
Your  present  taste  is  very  different 
from  theirs — they  considered  men  as 
individuals — you  are  to  consider  them 
as  members  of  society ; — they  punished 
a$  civil  laws  punish  particular  men, 
an<l  particular  vices.    Your  satyr  must 
directed  like  the  great  sanction  of 
tbe  law  of  nature,  by  which  whole 
Kittys  are  affected,  collectively.  Every 
e*ampie  of  the  necessary  tendency 
*hich  national  vice  has  to  the  misery, 
and  national  virtue  to  the  happiness 
°f  society,  is  a  lesson  to  every  mem- 
ber of  every  society ;  it  is  a  lesson  of 
Jtesublimest  sort,  it  sets  nations  and 
hero's  as  examples  in  our  view — the 
epopea  stoops  no  lower,  and  if  it  could 
make,  as  well  as  reward,  hero's  and 
Patriots,  it  would  have  full  success. 
A  few  of  these  would  lead,  or  drive,  or 
wnstrain  the  many,  and  nations  might 


be  saved  from  beggary,  oppression, 
and  servitude,  as  it  were,  in  spight  of 
themselves.  ° 

The  difficulty  I  have  to  write  hinders 
me  from  saying  more,  but  I  could  not 
forbear  saying  thus  much  of  the  poem 
and  the  poet.  No  subject  is  more 
worthy  to  employ  a  generous  mind, 
and  no  man  so  likely  to  succeed  in  it 
as  you,  who  join  to  the  heroics!  genius 
of  poetry,  heroicai  sentiments  of  the 
heart.  1  am.  Sir,  v>ith  much  regard, 
your  most  obedient,  humble  servant 
(Signed)    H.  Vis.  Bolingbroke. 


Dr.  Stukeley's  Journal. 
Mr.  Urban, 

HAVING  lately  obtained  the  MS. 
journals  of  the  late  Dr.  Stukelev,  with 
a  large  mass  of  his  correspondence,  I 
send  for  your  Magazine  the  following 
extracts,  the  two  former  of  which  relate 
to  a  memorable  arrival  in  the  anti- 
quarian world,  and  the  two  latter  to  a 
striking  natural  phenomenon,  and  also 
notice,  with  vast  indignation,  the  fa- 
shionable habits  of  that  time. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  Britton. 

Richard  op  Cirencester. 

March  1,  1748-9.  I  ree'd  from  my 
friend  Mr.  Bertram  of  Copenhagen,  a 
copy  of  his  curious  MS.  of  "  Ric'us 
Wesimoncuterienais,"  with  the  map— 
'tis  a  most  valuable  curiosity  to  the 
antiquitys  of  Brittan,  being  compiled 
out  of  old  manuscripts  in  Westminster 
library,  now  lost. 

15  June.  1749.  The  Society  ad- 
journed to  Thursday,  26  October  next. 
I  asked  to  borrow  the  MS.  out  of  the 
Arundel  library,  and  gave  bond  ac- 
cordingly ;  but  find  'tis  not  of  Richard 
of  Westminster,  though  the  beginning 
of  it  is  the  same  in  words,  "  Brittania 
imularum  optima,"  and  said  to  con- 
tinue to  K.  Edward  III.  It  contains 
several  authors,  and  is  a  curious 
book. 

Feb.  10,  1749-50.  The  Sunday 
evening  after  the  earthquake,  Miss 
Chudleigh,  a  lady  of  a  prostitute  fame, 
kept  a  rout  (as*  they  call  their  card 
meetings),  and  the  whole  side  of  the 
square,  where  she  lives,  was  cover 'd 
o're  with  the  chairs  of  those  there 
present.  She  won  250  guineas  that 
night.    Those  routs  are  growing  into 


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150       Family  of  Dr.  Donne.— Ancient  Book  of  Medical  Recipes.   [A  ag. 


every  street  and  family  that  want  to 
signalize  themselves  for  impiety ;  and 
indeed  'tis  the  women  principally  that 
open  this  floodgate  of  folly,  wicked- 
ness, and  misery,  rushing  in  upon  us, 
the  men  being  tame  enough  to  give 
into  it,  and  sufTer  it. 

10  Feb.  1749-50.  We  have  accu 
from  all  parts  of  the  extensiveness  of 
the  earthquake ;  it  was  felt  more  par- 
ticularly near  the  Thames,  from  Green- 
wich to  Richmond,  I  lamps  ted,  High- 
gate,  Hertford,  Gravesend.  There  was 
a  masquerade  that  night ;  the  King 
refused  to  go,  and  said  he  thought  no 
one  would  after  such  a  judgement ; 
nevertheless,  it  was  as  much  crowded 
as  ever ;  3  coaches  of  women  went 
from  one  house  in  Queen-square,  and 
indeed,  'tis  chiefly  owing  to  the  women 
that  these  public  diversions  are  risen 
to  so  monstrous  a  height,  who,  thro' 
the  foolish  indulgence  of  the  men, 
having  got  rid  of  the  natural  modesty 
of  the  sex,  know  no  bounds  to  their 
pleasures,  and  shelter  under  number 
and  the  universality  and  fashion  of 
the  thing ;  'tis  all  their  discourse  in 
tea-table  meetings  ;  they  are  extremely 
unpolite  and  unhappy  that  contribute 
not  to  the  general  ruin.  Of  all  the 
numerous  diversions  in  vogue,  none 
50  little  excuseable  as  a  masquerade ; 
if  a  woman  frequents  'em,  be  she  maid, 
wife,  or  widow,  'tis  no  other  than  as 
a  hare  or  rabbit  that  willingly  runs  in 
the  midst  of  a  pack  of  hounds,  and 
desires  to  be  hunted,  regardless  of  the 
very  uncertain  chance  of  escape. 


Family  op  Db.  Donne. 
Mr.  Uuban,  Cambertceli. 

IN  your  June  number,  p.  6lO,  I 
furnished  a  brief  notice  of  the  faroilv 
of  Dr.  Donne,  to  which  I  will  now 
make  the  following  addenda. 

Margaret  Lady  Bowles  died  before 
her  husband,  and  was  buried  in  the 
porch  of  Chislehurst  Church,  Kent. 

Sir  William  Bowles,   in  his  will 
dated  20  Aug.  16S0,  and  proved  on 
the  I  March  following,  describes  him- 
self of  St.  James's,  Clerkenwell,  and 
desires  his  executors  to  lay  his  body 
by  that  of  his  late  wife  and  his  elder 
brother  Dr.  George  Bowles.    In  the 
course  of  the  will  he  mentions  his  two 
sons  William,  Master  of  his  Majesty's 
Tents,  Toyles,  Hales,  and  Pavilions, 
and  Charles,  and  his  five  daughters, 
Frances  wife  of  Thomas  Bispham,  e*q. 
of  Bbpham  hall,  Lancashire;  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  James  Tempest,  esq.  ; 
Cornelia,  wife  of  John  Wight,  esq.  of 
Catharine  hill,  near  Guilford  ;  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Peter  Scott,  LL.D.  Canon 
of  Windsor ;  and  F.mma,  wife  of  James 
Spelman,  gent,  of  Camberwell.  All 
these  ladies  had  issue. 

Sir  William  mentions  also  his  brother 
Francis,  his  sister  Bowles  and  her 
three  daughters,  his  sister  Holliday, 
and  George  Bowles. 

I  may  also  add  that  Thomas  Gardi- 
ner, esq.  (p.  611)  was  buried  at  Cam- 
berwell. Nov.  5,  1641  ;  and  he  styles 
himself  in  his  will,  not  of  Peckham, 
but  of"  Burstowe,  Surrey." 

Yours,  &c.  G.  S.  S. 


ANCIENT  BOOK  OP 


1 14.  To  do  away  the  webbes  in  the 
eye. — Take  cuttelbanus  and  put  it  in 
an  earthen  pot  full,  and  stoppe  it 
rounde  aboute  with  clave,  and  burne 
it  tyll  it  be  powder,  and  then  breake  it 
and  serge  it  small,  and  put  it  into  the 
eye,  and  it  breakes  awaye  the  webbe  : 
and  it  cleares  the  eyes  :  this  hath  bene 
proved. 

What  is  Cuttelbanus  ?  the  bones  of  the 
cuttle  fish  ? 

119.  To  corafortethebraine.— Take 
and  drinke  one  ounce  and  an  halfe  of 
rosewater  mixed  with  white  wine,, 
both  comforteth  and  strengthen  the 


MEDICAL  RECIPES. 

rrom  p.  36.) 

brain,  and  maketh  it  courageous,  and 
comforteth  all  the  substance  of  the 
harte. 

This  is  a  harmless  dram,  better  far  for 
the  health  than  "  the  water  of  life,"  com- 
pounded of  wine  and  spices,  which  in  the 
3d  book  is  directed  to  be  stilled  in  a  lym- 
becke  "  well  polymed,"  and  with  a  softe 
fire. 

145.  A  good  oyntment  against  the 
vanityes  of  the  heade. — Take  the  juice 
of  wormewoode  and  salte,  honye, 
waxe,  and  incens,  and  boyle  them  to- 
gether over  the  fire,  and  therewith 
anoynte  the  sicke  heade  and  temples. 


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1835.]       J.  Boccactiut  it  Mulieribu*  Clarissimis,  1473.  151 

I  wonder  under  what  meaning  Johnson  and  sixteenth  centuries,  upon  how  much 
would  have  classed  the  "  vanityes"  for    better  time  44  his  lot  has  fallen,"  than 

men  enjoyed  even  in  the  boasted  44  golden 
days  of  good  Queen  B  ess. 

6.  To  get  a  pretious  stone  out  of  a 
snake. — If  a  water  snake  be  tyed  by 
the  tayle  with  a  corde,  and  hanged 
up.  and  a  vessel!  full  of  water  set  be- 
low the  snake,  after  a  certayne  time 
he  will  avoyde  out  of  his  mouth  a 


which  this  receipt  proposes  a  remedy,  for 
he  defines  vanity  to  be  44  emptyucss,  fruit- 
less  desire,  trifling  labour,  falsehood, 
empty  pleasure,  ostentation,  and  petty 
pride."  When  the  fairies  proposed  to 
the  parson  of  Warlingham  a  remedy  for 
the  *4  Vanities  of  the  Head,"  they  were 
certainly  intending  a  cure  for  some  ma- 
lady of  man's  mind,  among  which  vanity 


-  _  r,     j    .....  w  v.    v»l*fc    wt     ut9     UJUUIU  It 

»  all  its  varieties  may  well  be  reckoned,  stone,  which  stone  being  taken  out  of 

Wy  of  vanities,"  saith  the  preacher,  the  vessell,  he  drinkes  up  all  water  ' 

"all  „  vanity  !»   How  well  Seneca  agrees  Iet  this  stone  5e  tyed  tQ  £  a  l}^™ot 

with  Solomon— Leve  est  vanumque  totum     »i  »  .         V     ,      uie  oe,l)e  °» 

hoc  quod  felicitas  dicitur !     Few  coT-  them  th"  ^Ve  }he  droP9>'e>  and  the 

combs,  dandies,  and  heads  filled  with  fine  Wa,le.r  J™,1  be  exhau«ted  or  drunk  up, 

poetic  conceits,  would  like  to  be  anointed  and  11  fu,iye  and  wholelye  helpes  the 

with  this  bitter  cure  for  self  sufficiency.  Part>e  that  hath  the  sayd  dropsye. 

tk.                 — 1_       .1.^   — Jacobus  Hollerius.             "  " 


The  wax  might  make  the  plaster  stick, 
but  it  may  be  feared  that  the  honey  and 
the  incense  would  neutralize  all  the  good 
effects  to  be  expected  from  the  wormwood 
and  salt. 

44  The  sixthe  booke"  begins  on  fol.  91, 
and  is  called  44  an  excellente  booke  of 
playsters,  salves,  diet  drinks,  purgations, 
potions,  &c."  The  44  seaventh  book" 
purports  to  be  44  taken  out  of  a  booke  in- 
tituled A  Thousand  notable  thinges  of 
Sondrye  sorts,"  and  has  four  pages  written 
in  the  same  neat  hand  as  the  preceding 
parts  of  the  volume ;  but  the  rest  of  it, 
extending  from  folio  107  to  folio  144,  is 
in  different  hands.  It  cannot  be  asserted 
that  this  concluding  part  of  the  manu- 
script is  in  any  degree  exceeded  in  won- 
derful and  miracle-working  nostrums  and 
compositions  by  the  fairy-imparted  cures 


V.H. 


w  St.  Peter$hurgh, 

Mr.  Lrran,  Feb.  5. 

THOUGH  no  Bibliographer  myself, 
I  am  fully  aware  of  the  importance 
attached  by  many  persons  to  every 
thing  connected  with  early  editions 
and  scarce  books,  and  have,  therefore, 
thought  that  the  following  might 
prove  of  interest  to  some  of  your 
readers. 

Looking  the  other  day  over  the 
valuable  library,  so  generously  be- 
queathed to  his  country  by  the  late 
Chancellor  of  the  Russian  Empire, 
Count  Roraantzoff,  1  stumbled  upon  a 

copy,  in  excellent  preservation,  of  the 
from  the  studv  of  the  vicar  of  hnnh  ir..n^k      Ai    •  • 

W«.  h„f  -  VL„  „ii„k*  ;  .„     scarce  book,  De  Multenbu*  Clvrun. 

mis  of  Johannes  Boccarcius;  printed 
by  John  Czeiner  de  Reuthingeu,  Ulm. 
1473.  * 
This  book  is  a  folio,  though  no  big, 
ger  than  our  small  quartos.  It  cor- 
responds very  exactly  with  that  de* 
scribed  by  Dibdin  in  his  Bibliotheca 
Spenceriana,  Vol.  IV.  p.  580,  and  it 
appears  to  be  of  the  same  edition. 
Dibdin,  however,  says  that,  in  the 


Warlingham  ;  but  a  very  slight  inspec 
tion  is  sufficient  to  satisfy  us  that  our  an- 
cestors did  not  live  in  enviable  times,  nor 
were  under  the  influence  of  enviable  pre- 
judices or  opinions.  The  most  disgust- 
ing filthiness,  the  most  debasing  credu- 
lity, abound  both  in  the  cookery  and  me- 
dical departments  of  the  volume.  The 
extracts  we  have  made  from  the  revela- 
tions of  the  court  and  council  of  Queen 

Mab,  are  polite  and  rational  in  corapa-         ,    ,  v,  r    ,  t 

ri*,n  with   the  strange  and  unspeakable    0"^ '"v  7hp 7°i?l         f°  V1 
that  are  reUtef  even  in  S*  and  l^^^ffi 

the  contrary,  is  very  irregular  as  to 


other  parts  of  the  book.    True  it  is,  that 
bere  and  there  we  find  good  useful  com- 
pounds,  and  prescriptions  founded  upon 
experience  and  pure  induction  from  Hip- 
pocrates and  Galen,  as  well  as  extracts 
from  Pliny  and  Tricenna;  but  the  collec- 
tion in  general  teems  with  ignorance,  su- 
perstition, astrology,  and  magic ;  and  one 
quotation  from  the  seventh  book,  in  addi- 
tion to  those  we  have  already  given,  will,  we 
Aink,  be  sufficient  to  convince  the  reader, 
Wflose  cariosity  has  never  led  him  back  to 
renew  the  medical  science  of  the  fifteenth 


the  number  of  lines  in  a  full  page. 
Thus  of  133  full  pages,  there  are 

6  pages  of  35  lines. 


25 
44 
33 
19 

5 


a 
«/ 
<« 
it 
** 


and  1 


34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
29 


** 

- 

«  « 
** 

n 


As  still  further  indications  I  shall 


Digitized  by  Google 


152 


Public  Executions  near  Croydon. 


[Aug. 


notice  that,  in  the  index,  the  number 
of  the  1 1th  Chapter  and  its  place  in 
the  book  is  given  in  words  at  full 
length,  and  the  same  occurs  for  chap- 
ters 13,  18,  22,  24,  30,  33,  40,  44, 
62,  64,  67,  69,  71,  72,  92,  93  and 
102. 

There  are  also  several  typographical 
errors  ;  thus  what  should  be  the  viiij,h. 
numbered  leaf,  is  by  mistake  num- 
bered viij. ;  and  what  should  be  Ixxxi. 
is  numbered  lxxxvij. 

Chap.  xix.  (De  Erithrea.)  is  marked 
in  the  index  as  at  folio  xxij.  whereas 
it  is  on  the  reverse  of  folio  xxi. 

On  the  reverse  of  folio  Ixxx.  Chap, 
lxxvij.  is  put  by  mistake  for  Ixxvi. 

On  the  reverse  of  folio  Ixxxi.  Chap, 
lxxxvij.  is  put  by  mistake  for  Chap, 
lxxvij. 

On  the  reverse  of  folio  Ixxxiiij.  the 
number  of  the  Chap.,  which  is  Ixxx., 
is  entirely  omitted. 

On  the  recto  of  folio  Ixxxiij.  Chap, 
lxxv.  is  put  for  Chap.  Ixxxv. 

On  the  reverse  of  folio  ci.  Chap, 
xcvij.  is  put  for  xcv. 

The  book  contains  118  leaves,  in- 
cluding the  index,. and  has  235  printed 
pages,  the  reverse  of  the  last  leaf  being 
left  blank. 

The  first  Chap,  commences  on  the 
reverse  of  the  in"1  numbered  leaf,  and 
has  the  ornamental  margin  described 
by  Dibdin. 

The  numbers  of  some  of  the  Chap- 
ters are  given  in  gothic  numeral  letters, 
others,  in  words  at  length  ;  not  cor- 
responding, however,  in  this  respect, 
to  the  similar  kind  of  diversity  in  the 
index. 

There  are  113  Chapters,  with  81 
wood-cuts,  all  of  which  are  coloured. 
The  cut  of  Chap,  xlvij.  on  the  reverse 
of  folio  1.  is  repeated  at  Chap,  liiij.  on 
the  recto  of  folio  Iviij. 

The  initial  letters  of  the  several 
Chapters  are  ornamented  and  coloured 
capitals  ;  but  of  these,  three  are  want- 
ing, the  spaces  for  them  being  left 
blank.  These  are  the  S  of  the  name 
Simiramis  of  the  second  Chap. ;  the  C 
of  the  name  Camilla  of  Chap.  37  ;  and 
again  the  C  of  Cornificia,  Chap.  84. 

The  same  capitals  are  ornamented 
and  coloured  in  exactly  the  same 
manner.  They  appear  to  have  been 
printed  in  colours. 


In  all  other  respects  the  copy,  as  I 
have  already  observed,  corresponds  to 
that  described  by  Dr.  Dibdin  in  the 
Bihliothcca  Spenceriana,  and  the  fore- 
going details  will  serve  to  determine 
the  exister.ee  of  a  copy  of  the  book  in 
question,  cither  siraiiar  or  dissimilar 
to  that  in  Lord  Spencer's  library,  a 
circumstance,  the  knowledge  of  which, 
will  either  way  prove  satisfactory  to 
the  Bibliographer. 

The  Romantzoff  copy  is  in  a  com- 
paratively modern  binding  of  green 
morocco  with  gilt  edges,  and  is  per- 
fectly preserved. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  R.  J. 


Mr.Urbax,  CcnnbericeU,July8. 
IN  the  church  registers  of  Croydon 
the  following  entries  of  criminals  tried, 
executed,  and  for  the  most  part  buried 
at  that  place,  are  to  be  found  : 

1581.  "John  Coke,  convicted  at  the 
assyse  and  executed,  was  buryed  the  viij,fc 
day  of  Marche." 

1G97.  Aug.  14.  "  Memorand.  that 
John  Stewart,  George  Rossiker,  Edward 
Allen,  Robert  Martin,  Elizabeth  Hart, 
and  Mary  Johnson  were  executed  and 
buried." 

1722.  "  Six  men  executed  at  Thornton 
heath,  and  some  of  them,  viz.  Butler 
Fox,  William  Walker,  Edward  Wilbon, 
and  Richard  Bird,  was  buried  the  same 
day  they  were  executed,  being  March  y* 
31,  and  Richard  West  was  taken  from 
the  gallows  by  the  surgeons  and  carried 
to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital;  and  Robert 
Forrester,  another  of  the  persons  exe- 
cuted, was  buried  y(  1  of  April." 

1723.  "  Four  criminals  was  executed 
at  Thornton  heath,  viz.  Timothy  Bagnal, 
Griftin  Morrice,  Sollaman  Davice,  and 
Joseph  Nevil,  and  buried  the  same  day, 
being  ye  27  Ap." 

1753.  "April  7.  WTilliam  Hurley,  ex- 
ecuted at  Thornton  heath  for  murder, 
and  his  body  given  to  the  surgeons  to  be 
anatomised." 

These  extracts,  taken  at  a  cursory 
view  of  the  registers,  are  interesting, 
not  only  as  historical  records  of  the 
administration  of  the  laws,  but  from 
the  circumstance  that  they  now  first 
give  the  locality  of  the  executions  near 
Croydon.    Your's,  &c.      G.  S.  S. 


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1135. ] 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


\.  Reworks  on  the  Architecture  of  the  in  isometrical  perspective,  of  several 

Middle  Ages,  especially  of  Italy,  by  ™dta  of  different  ages,  and  various 

K.  Willis.  M.A.   8vo.  constructions. 

.     ,  i     xr  ,  ry  It  must  not  be  understood  that  the 

1.  Architectural    Notes   on   German  narrow  qW8tion  q(  ^  invention  of 

thurches   a  new  edition  ;  to  which  ^  pointed  arch  is  the  ^  object  of 

are  added  Notes  writ ten  during  an  ^  Pinquiry.     Mr.  Whcwell  JdwelU 

Architectural  Tour  in  Piwdy  and  mope  Jpon        influence  which  the 

ITT,'  yJ    Py  C_  form  exercised  over  the  buildings  of 

well,  M.A.   8ro.  the  midd|e  ^e3t  ^  wnich.  in  its 

WE  have  derived  great  pleasure  universal  application,  led  to  the  ere* 
from  witnessing  the  zealous  exertions  ation  of  a  new  and  beautiful  style, 
which  have  been  recently  made  by  so  one  of  the  highest  productions  of  hu- 
man y  gentlemen  of  the  highest  taste  man  art — from  whatever  source  the 
and  ability,  to  Investigate  the  origin  architect  derived  his  form.  If  he 
acd  history,  and  to  develope  the  me*  adopted  it  from  a  foreign  source,  aud 
rits  and  beauties,  of  the  architecture  applied  it  in  the  first  place  to  the  pur- 
of  the  middle  ages.  The  two  trea-  poses  of  vaulting,  for  which  Mr- Whe- 
tises  now  before  us  are  deserving  of  well  clearly  proves  it  was  so  excel  - 
the  highest  attention,  from  the  talent  lently  adapted,  or  if  he  discovered  it 
and  science  which  the  authors  have  in  the  very  process  by  which  he  con- 
displayed  in  the  prosecution  of  the  structed  his  vaulting,  still  there  must 
inquiry.  have  been  a  reason  for  its  rapid  and 

One  question  has  engaged  the  at-  universal  predominance.  Seeing  that, 
tention  of  both  authors,  and  this  is,  there  was  no  absolute  necessity  for 
the  derivation  of  the  pointed  formation  the  use  of  the  pointed  arch,  the  first 
from  the  requirements  of  vaulting,  question  still  is,  how  the  mere  foim 
The  necessity  of  abandoning  the  semi-  was  obtained  ?  and  when  this  is  an- 
ciicular  arch,  and  using  another  form  swered,  the  theory  of  Mr.  Whewell 
when  a  space  was  required  to  be  co-  goes  far  to  meet  the  inquiry  which  re- 
vered with  a  vault,  of  which  the  suits.  We  have  always  inclined  to 
length  and  breadth  were  different,  the  intersection  hypothesis,  inasmuch 
seemed  to  lead  so  naturally  to  the  as  it  deduced  the  formation  from  the 
pointed  form,  that  the  theory  of  Mr.  result  of  geometrical  figures.  We 
Whewell  founds  its  origin  on  the  re-  inclined  to  it,  because  we  could  not 
suit  of  such  a  combination.  Mr.  Wil-  bring  ourselves  to  attribute  any  in- 
lis  inclines  to  a  different  opinion,  and  in  vention  to  mere  chance;  and  if  the 
supportofhisviewofthequestion,hees-  followers  of  this  theory  have  not  ar- 
tablishes,  upon  geometrical  principles,  rived  at  the  perfection  of  knowledge, 
that,  so  far  from  the  pointed  arch  being  it  is  certain  that  they  have  advanced  a 
indispensable  to  enable  a  parallelogram  step  towards  its  attainment.  At  the 
to  be  vaulted,  the  object  might  equally  same  time  we  are  free  to  admit  that 
be  effected  with  a  round-headed  one.  they  have  leaped  upon  their  conclu- 
He  then  shews  not  only  that  the  ar-  sion.  The  idea  that  the  invention  of 
chitectsof  the  middle  ages  were  in  pos-  the  pointed  arch  arose  from  the  inter- 
cession of  the  mode  of  forming  such  a  section  of  two  circles,  appears  to  have 
construction,  but  that  they  actually  struck  them  ;  and  imagining  they  had 
practised  it  even  to  the  latest  period  of  solved  the  long  disputed  question,  they 
the  middle  ages.  This  object  they  ef-  triumphantly  exclaimed,  "  We  have 
fected  two  ways,  either  by  doming  the  discovered  the  origin  of  Pointed  archi- 
vaulting- cells,  or  by  stilting  two  of  the  tecture,"  and  proceeded  no  farther.  A 
arches  out  of  the  four  necessary  to  the  better  informed  and  more  scientific 
construction  of  the  vault,  and  this  is  inquirer  looks  deeper  into  the  sub- 
safisfactorily  proved  by  the  drawings  ject,  yet,  in  tracing  the  invention  of 
Gext.  Mag.  Vox..  IV.  X 


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154 


Kevikw — Willis's  Architecture  of  Italy. 


[Aug 


the  form  to  the  progress  of  stone  vault- 
ing,  he  must,  of  necessity,  dwell  upon 
the  intersections  of  curved  lines.  In 
pursuing  the  subject,  he  finds,  from 
the  earliest  improvements  on  the  sim- 
ple waggon -vault,  to  the  more  com- 
plicated covering  which  either  utility 
or  taste  suggested,  that,  when  such 
improvements  were  practised,  the  in- 
genious architects  were  forced  to  have 
recourse  to  a  variety  of  expedients,  to 
carry  their  novelties  into  effect ;  and 
he  will  see,  as  he  moves  his  compasses 
in  the  delineation  of  the  various  forms, 
that  the  pointed  arch  frequently  and 
indeed  constantly  obtrudes  itself  on 
his  eye ;  for  even  in  the  diagram 
which  Mr.  Willis  constructs,  to  shew 
that  the  pointed  arch  was  not  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  the  formation 
of  such  a  vault  as  we  have  described, 
we  cannot  help  being  attracted  to  the 
pointed  form  so  strikingly  apparent  in 
his  plan.  This  form  must  have  been 
constantly  appearing  on  the  drawing- 
board  of  the  architect  of  the  ancient 
vaults ;  and  when  the  rage  for  the 
invention  of  arches  of  novel  forms 
arose,  it  would  naturally  occur  to 
him  as  a  more  pleasing  and  elegant 
form  ;  he  found  it  would  be  useful  in 
the  construction  of  his  vaults ;  he 
adopted  it,  sparingly  at  first,  hut  at 
length  the  peculiar  beauty  of  its  form, 
caused  its  general  adoption,  until  from 
a  casual  member  it  ultimately  became 
the  pervading  feature  of  a  style.  But 
after  all,  if  the  main  question  should 
never  be  settled — if  the  veil  of  obscurity 
which  apparently  shrouds  the  origin 
of  Pointed  architecture  should  never 
be  withdrawn — still  the  greatest  good 
will  result  from  the  examination  of 
the  question  by  so  many  able  hands. 
The  style  will  become  better  under- 
stood, and  more  ad  mired,  as  the  prin- 
ciples of  its  construction  are  laid  open 
and  explained  ,  we  shall  then  hear  no 
more  of  the  builders  of  these  wonder- 
ful piles  learning  their  art  from  the 
ramifications  of  trees,  or  the  inter- 
sections of  basket-work. 

The  treatise  of  Mr.  Willis  contains 
an  examination  of  the  pointed  archi- 
tecture of  Italy;  Mr.  Whewell  turns 
his  attention  to  the  buildings  of  Ger- 
many. Each  author  has  personally 
investigated  a  great  number  of  edi- 
fices ;  and  their  remarks,  founded  on 
experience,  are,  in  consequence,  of 


the  greatest  value.    Mr.  Willis  enters 
upon  the  examination  of  the  question 
in  a  very  masterly  manner,  and  with 
the  undoubted  fact  before  us,  of  the 
influence  which  Rome  exercised  over 
the  architecture  of  the  middle  ages, 
throughout  Europe,  and  by  the  means 
of  Byzantium,  eventually  over  all  the 
world,  we  are  pleased  to  see  the  au- 
thor turning  nis  attention   to  the 
Pointed  architecture  of  Italy,  which, 
with  some  slight  exceptions,  has  ex- 
perienced more  neglect  than  its  merits 
deserve.    The  reason  of  this  pre- 
ference, and  the  claims  of  the  Italian 
examples  of  Pointed  architecture  to 
attention,  may  be  best  conveyed  in 
the  author's  words : 

11  When  principles  are  to  be  recovered 
by  the  examination  of  examples  alone, 
which  is  the  case  with  middle-age  archi- 
tecture, of  which  no  precepts  are  pre- 
served, the  greater  number  of  examples 
that  can  be  compared  the  better;  and 
we  are  by  no  means  to  confine  ourselves 
to  the  most  excellent,  for  we  may  often 
detect  the  rules  of  successful  practice,  by 
comparing  the  attempts  of  unskilful  art- 
ists, or  the  experiments  of  experienced 
ones,  with  those  specimens  in  which  the 
desired  effect  has  been  obtained  in  the 
highest  degree.  In  this  point  of  view  the 
edifices  of  Italy  possess  a  peculiar  in- 
terest, as  they  oppear  to  have  been  the 
result  of  a  eontinual  struggle  between 
two  principles,  carried  on  by  artiats  of 
high  ability. 

"  There  is  in  fact  no  genuine  Gothic 
building  in  Italy ;  that  style  which,  with 
an  uniformity  disturbed  only  by  slight 
local  variations,  spread  itself  over  Ger- 
many, France,  Britain,  Spain,  and  the 
Netherlands,  was  never  practised  there ; 
for  her  artists,  always  so  pre-eminent  in 
sculpture  and  painting  as  to  attract  fo- 
reigners to  their  schools,  appear  to  have 
been  emboldened  by  that  pre-eminence, 
to  attempt  originality  in  architecture  ;  and 
never  losing  sight  of  the  classical  struc- 
tures, they  hoped  to  succeed  in  giving 
their  proportions  and  beauty  to  buildings, 
formed  with  pointed  arches,  and  other 
features  either  borrowed  from  the  prac- 
tice of  their  neighbours,  or  invented  by 
themselves.  The  curious  result  is  a  style 
in  which  the  horizontal  and  vertical  lines 
equally  predominate,  and  which,  while  it 
wants  alike  the  lateral  extension  and  re- 
pose of  the  Grecian,  and  the  lofty  upward 
tendency  and  pyramidal  majesty  of  the 
Gothic,  is  yet  replete  with  many  an  inte- 
resting and  valuable  architectural  les- 
son/*— p.  3. 


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Rkvikw.— Willis's  Architecture  of  Italy. 


The  invention  of  "  the  pointed  form 
of  the  arch,  the  ogee,  and  the  prac- 
tice of  foiling    arches,"  Mr.  Willis 
seems  inclined  to  give  to  the  Sara- 
cens ;  and  he  urges  as  a  proof,  "  that 
the  period  of  their  introduction  into 
Christian    architecture,  corresponds 
nearly  with   the  crusades  and  pil- 
grimages which  directed  attention  to 
the  East."    We  should  first  wish  to 
see  it  shewn  that  the  Saracens  pos- 
sessed any  style  of  architecture  indi- 
genous to  themselves  ;  we  apprehend 
that  Byzantium  was  the  school  not 
only  of  the  Saracenic  architecture,  but 
that  the  forms  above  noticed  were 
brought  into  practice,  if  not  actually 
invented  by  the  architects  of  Constan- 
tinople.   The  "  regular  styles  of  the 
Gothic"  Mr.  Willis,  in  common  with 
Mr.  Rickman  and  Mr.  Whewell,  as- 
signs as  follows — the  Lancet  andTudor 
to  England — the  Decorated  or  Com- 
plete Gothic  to  Germany. 

To  arrive  at  a  complete  understand- 
ing of  the  subject  of  inquiry,  Mr.  Wil- 
lis takes  a  very  comprehensive  view  of 
architecture,  historically  as  well  as 
scientifically.  Separating  the  mecha- 
nical from  the  decorative  construction, 
he  shews  in  what  way  and  when  the 
introduction  of  the  arch  effected  so  ra- 
dical a  change  in  building,  that  the 
mechanical  became  the  decorative; 
that  the  member,  which  was  at  first 
used  only  for  strength  and  utility,  and 
was  invariably  screened  from  ob- 
servation, in  the  end  became  so  en- 
tirely decoiative,  that,  still  retaining  its 
use,  it  pervaded  every  ornament,  as 
may  be  seen  in  the  various  circular 
styles  which  prevailed  from  the  ninth 
to  the  twelfth  century.  His  aim  is  to 
recover  the  laws  on  which  the  archi- 
tects worked,  and  thus  to  absolve 
them  from  the  charge  of  working 
without  rule,  so  often  made,  but  so 
seldom  attempted  to  be  proved. 

"  I  have  said,  recover  the  laws,  be- 
came the  possibility  of  detecting  them, 
proves  that  they  were  recognized  by  the 
artists,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  the 
parts  of  Gothic  decoration  were  as  well 
defined  in  their  own  age,  as  the  division 
of  a  Roman  entablature,  into  archi- 
trave, frieze,  and  cornice,  which,  had 
Vjtruvius  been  lost,  we  must  have  picked 
oat  for  ourselves,  from  a  comparison  of 
examples,  just  as  I  propose  to  pick  out 
the  Gothic  rules."— P-  »». 

The  author  then  enters  into  a  mi- 


nute and  scientific  examination  of  the 
component  parts  of  buildings  of  Go- 
thic architecture— their  bones,  sinews, 
and  muscles  ;  in  truth,  this  part  of  his 
design  may  be  styled  an  anatomy  of 
the  subject.  He  divides  the  several 
parts,  and  shews  the  use  and  design 
of  each ;  in  one  he  displays  the  me- 
chanical, in  another  the  ornamental 
portions ;  what  is  apparently  deco- 
rative, may  on  examination  prove  to 
be  really  constructive ;  so  satisfac- 
torily and  skilfully  have  the  ar- 
chitects veiled  their  supports  in  the 
guise  of  ornament;  and  in  doing 
this,  he  establishes,  without  the  fear 
of  controversy,  the  evident  design 
which  pervaded  their  works,  and  the 
consummate  skill  and  science  which 
they  must  have  possessed. 

It  would  be  vain  to  attempt,  without 
engravings,  to  convey  an  idea  of  this 
dissection  of  the  mazy  intricacies  of  a 
Gothic  vault,  or  the  elegant  bundles 
of  small  columns  which  appear  to  com- 
pose the  great  piers  of  a  cathedral. 
It  is  sufficient  to  allude  to  it,  and  to 
refer  to  the  treatise  itself. 

By  means  of  this  analysis,  the  au- 
thor has  taken  the  best  mode  of  as- 
certaining the  rules  which  guided  the 
ancient  architects,  and  which,  as  be- 
fore observed,  can  only  be  picked  out 
by  a  careful  examination  of  various 
buildings.  To  enable  the  enquirer  to 
do  this  effectually  and  scientifically,  he 
has  only  to  peruse  Mr.  Willis's  book, 
and  follow  the  mode  of  inquiry  which 
he  has  adopted,  and  he  will  be  then 
proceeding  on  the  best  road  for  the  ac- 
quisition of  the  requisite  information. 

The  different  terms  made  use  of  by 
Mr.  Willis  to  designate  the  detail  of 
buildings,  are  clear  and  perspicuous, 
and  must  prove  exceedingly  useful ; 
they  arc  not  merely  technical,  but  ex- 
planatory, aud  ought  to  find  a  place 
in  every  architectural  dictionary. 

The  information  conveyed  in  the 
appendices  is  extremely  valuable;  a 
guide  to  the  best  Italian  buildings 
is  given,  with  dates  and  other  parti, 
culars,  which  must  prove  extremely 
useful  to  the  traveller. 

A  few  casual  observations,  and  we 
close  Mr.  Willis's  treatise.  In  look- 
ing at  his  plates,  we  cannot  help  be- 
ing struck  with  the  similarity  of  some 
of  the  Italian  detail,  to  many  of  our 
early  buildings ;  to  notice  their  iden- 
tity, mav  be  useful  in  ascertaining 


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Infi 


RKViKW.-^Jamcs  Montgomery's  Poet's  Portfolio. 


their  age.    The  singular  towers  of 
Earl's  Barton,  and  St.  fiennet's  at 
Cambridge,    evidently   have  drawn 
their  parentage  from  the  Italian  brick 
tower,  specimens  of  whieh  are  en- 
graved in  Plate  X.    In  one  in  par- 
ticular, is  seen  a  curious  bracketed 
impost,  to  be  met  with  in  Ibe  Nor- 
folk round  towers.  A  singular  kind  of 
arched  support  crossing  the  building, 
appears  in  the  old  Italian  churches ; 
in  our  own  country,  such  a  mode 
of  construction  will  be  recognized  in 
the  hall  of  Mayfield  Palace.  The  whole 
of  the  plates  are  highly  worthy  the  at- 
tention of  the  student,  and  the  more 
so,  as  they  are  not  mere  sketches 
heightened  by  the  graver,  but  correct 
architectural  drawings,  rising  from  sec- 
tions of  mouldings  to  entire  buildings. 

The  space  which  we  have  devoted 
to  Mr.  Willis's  book,  prevents  us  from 
doing  equal  justice  to  Mr.  Whewell 
in  the  present  number.  We  have 
therefore  postponed  the  consideration 
of  the  "  Architectural  Notes  on  Ger- 
man and  Norman  Churches,"  until 
another  month. 


A  Poet's  Portfolio,  or  Minor  Poems. 
By  James  Montgomery. 
THERE  is  nothing  of  great  excel- 
lence in  this  volume,  and  certainly  no- 
thing approaching  to  the  merit  of  Mr. 
Montgomery's  World  before  the  Flood, 
aod  his  Wanderer  of  Switzerland  ;  but 
there  are  some  pleasing  poems,  written 
in  that  middle  style,  in  which  we  think 
Mr.  Montgomery  most  excels: — we 
mean  the  style  of  quiet  pensive  reflec- 
tion, and  of  narrative  graceful  and  in- 
teresting, rather  than  sublime  or  pow- 
erfully affecting  the  feelings.  In  fact, 
we  never  thought  Mr.  Montgomery  so 
successful  in  his  very  aspiring  at- 
tempts, as  when  he  condescended  to 
fly  nearer  the  ground.    In  the  present 
volume  we  like  Lord  Falkland's  Dream, 
and  the  Voyage  of  the  Blind,  far  less 
than  the  more  unassuming  poems  we 
shall  quote.  Indeed,  the  latter  subject 
is  hardly  fit  for  poetic  illustration  :  it 
is  painful  in  its  nature  :  and  whatever 
sublimity  it  may  derive  from  terror, 
comes  from  the  least  refined  or  exalted 
species  of  it.  Our  specimen  of  the  pre- 
sent volume  shall  be  of  a  very  different 
kind ;  but  more  correctly  exhibiting 
Mr.  Montgomery's  true  powers  and 
line  of  excellence. 


A  LUCID  INTERVAL. 

Oh !  light  is  pleasant  to  the  eye, 

And  health  comes  rustling  on  the  galer 

Clouds  are  careering  thro'  the  sky, 

Whose  shadows  mock  them  down  the- 
dale, 

Nature  as  fresh  and  fragrant  seems. 
As  I  have  met  her  in  my  dreams. 

For  I  have  been  a  prisoner  long 
In  gloom  and  loneliness  of  mind, 

Deaf  to  the  melody  of  song, 
To  every  form  of  beauty  blind, 

Her  morning  dew,  her  evening  balm. 

Might  cool  my  cheek,  my  bosom  calm. 

But  now  the  blood,  the  blood  returns 
With  rapturous  pulses  thro*  the  veins, 

My  heart  from  out  its  ashes  burns,  [chains* 
My  limbs  break  loose,  they  cast  their 

New  kindled  at  the  Sub,  my  sight 

Tracks  to  a  point  the  eagle's  flight. 

1  long  to  climb  those  old  grey  rocks, 
Glide  with  yon  river  to  the  deep. 

Range  the  green  hills  with  herds  and 
flocks, 

Free  as  the  roebuck,  run  and  leap. 
Or  mount  the  lark's  victorious  wing, 
And  from  the  depth  of  ether  sing. 
Oh!  earth,  in  maiden  innocence, 

Too  early  fled  thy  golden  time  ; 
Oh!   earth!   earth!   earth!  for  man's 
offence 

Doom'd  to  dishonour  in  thy  prime, 
Of  how  much  glory  then  bereft, 
Yet  what  a  world  of  bliss  is  left ! 

The  Thorn,  harsh  emblem  of  the  curse, 
Puts  forth  a  paradise  of  flowers; 

Labour,  man's  punishment,  is  nurse 
To  home-boru  joy  at  sunset-hour, 

Plague,  earthquake,  famine,  want,  disease, 

Give  birth  to  holiest  charities. 

And  Death  himself,  with  all  the  woes 
That  hasten  yet  prolong  his  stroke. 

Death  brings  with  every  pang  repose, 
With  every  sigh  he  solves  a  yoke. 

Yea,  his  cold  sweats  and  moaning  strife 

Wring  out  the  bitterness  of  life. 

Life,  life  with  all  its  burdens  dear, 
Friendship  is  sweet,  Love  sweeter  still, 

Who  would  forego  a  smile,  a  tear, 

One  generous  hope,  one  chastening  ill  ? 

Home,  kindred,  country !  these  are  tics 

Might  keep  an  angel  from  the  skies. 

Bui  these  have  angels  never  known, 

Unvex'd  felicity  their  lot, 
The  sea  of  glass  before  the  throne 

Storm,  lightning,  shipwreck,  visit  not : 
Our  tides,  beneath  the  changing  moon, 
Arc  soon  appeased,  are  troubled  soon. 

Well,  I  would  bear  what  all  have  borne, 
Live  my  few  years  and  fill  my  place, 

O'er  old  and  young  affections  mourn, 
Rent  one  by  one  from  my  embrace  v 

Till  suffering  ends,  and  1  have  done 

With  every  thing  beneath  the  sun. 


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1835.]  Retiew.— Keigfatley '•  History  of  Greece.  Itf 

to  compress  their  knowledge  into  a 
mere   abridgment;    and   from  any 
writers  of  a  different  class,  and  pos- 
sessing less  extensive  materials. — this 
work  wonM  have  been  but  a  dry  re- 
cital of  facts,  which  is  absolutely 
worth  nothing ;  or  a  trifling  improve- 
ment on  the  mediocrity  of  their  pre- 
decessors.   Our  histories  of  Greece 
were  commenced  too  soon ;  before 
sufficient  materials  had  been  collected, 
or  the  remoter  veins  and  quarries  of 
antiquity  explored.     The  writer  of 
ancient    history  must  wait  for  the 
labours  of  the  antiquary,  the  critical 
scholar,  the  medallist,  the  man  well 
read  in  scholiasts,  and  the  painful 
investigator  of  manuscripts,  before  he 
can  occupy  safely  the  ground  of  his- 
toric research  ;  a  vast  body  of  widelv- 
collected  learning  must  precede  him. 
For  want  of  this  Gillies  and  M  it- 
ford  have  both  failed :   Gillies  wrote 
his  entire  history  in  the  time  that 
might    more   properly    have  been 
spent  in  writing  a  chapter :  and  it  is 
nothing  worth  :  but  he  will  live  as  a 
scholar,  in  his  translations  of  Aristotle 
and  I socrates.    Mitford  was  a  person 
of  great  acuteness  of  understanding  ; 
and  of  as  varied  accomplishments  as 
any  man  of  his  day.    He  was  a  fair 
scholar,  conversant  in  most  modern 
languages,  a  painter,  a  musician  of  a 
high  class,  an  architect,  and  had  fine 
feeling  for  art,  had  travelled,  and  had 
*n7norrmr  I  rommeconceal'd,    mixed  in  ^  be8t  societ        ivafe  and 

mit  not  her  story  : — she  had  been   ,.4-    ,    v  «.  u*   i.-  »  ^  i.- 

The  pride  of  many  a  splendid  scene.  P^it.cal ;  but  his  history  was  to  him 

.  ,      ,  a  recreation,  and  not,  as  it  ought  to 

KnTf  ^"iFm  7  \l      a  T?'  h»ve  been,  the  business  of  his  life.  He 

And  frohrk'd  in  the  rayest  nnir  _  . '     ...  ,   ,  . 

Where  fashion's  high-bori  minions  sport,  P08fMe^  no  library,  and  always  spoke 

Like  sparkling  fire-flies  on  the  wing ;  contemptuously  (and  consequently  ig- 

But  thence  when  love  had  touched  her  souL  noran»y)  of  mere  scholars ;  as  if  K/e- 

aature  and  to  truth  *ht>  «tnl<>  rary  gentlemen  could  write  histories 

out  of  the  latin  columns  of  Hero- 


I  ?     Memory  cannot  say. 
What  am  1  ?  Knowledge  will  not  show. 
Bound  whither  ?    Ah  !  away,  away, 

Far  as  eternity  can  go- : 
Thy  love  to  win,  tby  wrath  to  flee, 
Oh  God !  thyself  my  teacher  be  !" 

We  must  add  the  short  poem  of 

TBI  RBCLT7SE. 

A  fountain  issuing  into  light, 

Before  a  marble  pnlace  threw 
To  aeaTtn  its  column  pure  and  bright, 

Returning  thence  in  streams  of  dew ; 
Bat  soon  a  humbler  course  it  took, 
And  glid  away  a  nameless  brook. 
Flowers  on  its  grassy  margin  sprang 

Flies  o'er  its  eddying  surface  play'd, 
Birds  mid  the  alder- branches  sang, 

Flocks  through  the  verdant  meadows 
stray'd ; 

The  weary  there  lay  down  to  rest, 
And  there  the  halcyon  built  its  nest. 

Twas  beautiful  to  stand  and  watch 

The  fountain's  crystal  turn  to  gems, 
And  from  the  sky  such  colours  catch 

As  if  'twere  raining  diadems ; 
"V  et  all  was  cold,  and  envious  art 
That  charm'd  the  eye,  but  miss'd  the  heart. 
Dearer  to  me  the  little  stream 

Whose  unimprison'd  waters  ran 
Wild  as  the  changes  of  a  dream 

By  rock  and  glen,  through  shade  and 
sun  ; 

Its  lorely  links  had  power  to  bind 
In  welcome  chains  my  wandering  mind. 
So  thought  I,  when  I  saw  the  face 

By  happy  portraiture  reveal'd, 
Of  one  adorn'd  with  every  grace 


To  nature  and  to  truth  she  stole. 

From  din,  from  pageantry  and  strife, 
'Midst  woods  and  mountains,  vale  and 

She  treads  the  path  of  lowly  life,  [plains 
Yet  in  a  bosom  circle  reigns  ; 

No  fountain  scattering  diamond  showers, 

But  the  sweet  streamlet  watering  flowers. 


dotus  and  Xenophon.  He  had  also  a 
strong  political  bias,  which  was  always 
warping  his  better  judgment,  extolling 
tyrants,  and  calumniating  patriots ; 
giving  Philip  the  virtue  of  a  Nassau, 
and  making  Demosthenes  no  better 

than  John  Wilkes  or  Mr.  O'C  ; 

but  still  he  was  a  person  of  shrewdness 
and  thought,  and  penetration  :  he  has 
viewed  parts  of  history  more  philoso- 


The  History  of  Greece.    By  Thomas 
Keightley. 
A  COMPENDIUM  of  Grecian  His- 
tory  had  long  been  wanting,  and  often  , 
and  in  vain  demanded  of  the  scholars    phically  than  any  of  his  predecessors  ; 
of  the  age  :  those  who  had  the  talents    thrown  the   reflex  light  of  modern 
and  erudition  to  complete  a  history  of   history  back  upon  the  ancient ;  ex- 
that  singularly   great  country,    its    plained  the  old  almanacs  by  the  pre- 
powers,  its  achievements,  and  its  in-    sent ;   unlaced  the  buckram  suit  in 
tcrcsts,  probably  did  not  feel  inclined    which  the  characters  of  antiquity  were 

Digitized  by  Goggle 


158  Review.— ChabaiUVs 

laced  ;  and  explained  the  real  motives 
and  springs  of  actions  which  had  been 
recited  without  explanation,  and  re- 
verenced without  understanding  their 
real  character  and  intention.  If  he 
had  any  pattern,  or  examples  of  his- 
toric compilation  before  him,  it  was 
the  work  of  Polybius,  whom  he  ad- 
mired for  his  practical  wisdom  and 
knowledge  of  affairs;  and  liked  his 
plain  jolting  style,  so  much  in  har- 
mony (the  harmony  of  discords)  with 
his  own.  Mr.  Keightley  has  neither 
copied  Gillies,  Mr.  Mitford,  or  any 
one  else,  but  formed  a  most  faithful 
and  excellent  compendium  from  his 
own  independent  labours :  he  has  di- 
ligently read  the  ancient  historians, 
and  has  consulted  the  labour  of  the 
modern  scholars.  His  narrative  is 
plain,  simple,  and  historical  in  style, 
and  his  interpretation  of  motives  and 
of  characters  is  formed  with  candour, 
and  a  preference  for  truth  above  parly- 
feeling.  We  wish  he  had  entered 
more  largely  into  that  most  interesting 
subject  the  Trade  and  Commerce  of 
Greece ;  and  that  he  had  given  more 
room  to  literary  history :  for  his  ac- 
count of  literature  is  so  compressed 
as  to  be  almost  useless.  This,  if  he 
thinks  proper,  might  be  remedied  in 
another  edition  ;  and  we  sincerely  say 
that  every  school,  or  academy,  that 
does  not  use  this  History,  in  preference 
to  the  other  miserable  compilations 
from  Goldsmith  downwards,  are  want- 
ing in  justice  to  themselves  and  their 
scholars. 

Le  Roman  du  Renart,  Supplement,  Va- 
riantes  et  Corrections,  Public'  d'apres 
les  Manuscrits  de  la  Bibliotlikque  du 
Roi  et  de  la  Bibliothhque  de  V Arse- 
nal; par  P.  Chabaille.  8vo.  Lon- 
don, Pickering. 

THE  Roman  du  Renart,  independ- 
ently of  its  importance  as  forming  part 
of  one  of  the  most  singular  and  curi- 
ous branches  of  medieval  literature,  is 
valuable  to  us  as  abounding  in  illus- 
trations of  the  feelings,  manners,  and 
customs  of  former  times.  The  edition 
which  Meon  has  given  in  four  vols. 
8vo,  is  by  no  means  a  correct  or  ju- 
dicious publication.  The  manuscripts 
were  not  carefully  collated,  the  read- 
ings are  frequently  anything  but  good, 
and  there  are  many  mistakes  which 
arose  entirely  from  the  deficiency  of 
philological  knowledge  in  its  editor. 


Roman  du  Renart,  Sfc.  [Aug. 

M.  Chabaille,   the  truly  learned 
editor  of  the  present  volume,  was 
aware  of  these  defects,  and  has  at- 
tempted here  to  remedy  them.  It 
appears  that  Meon  had  made  a  trans- 
script  of  an  unedited  branch  of  the 
Renard,  with  a  view  to  publication, 
and,  after  MeWs  death,  in  1829,  that 
transcript  was  put  into  the  hands  of 
M.  Chabaille,  to  be  prepared  for  the 
press.    As  this  transcript  bore  no  in- 
dication of  the  original  from  which  it 
had  been  copied,  it  became  necessary 
to  search  all  the  MSS.  of  the  romance 
which  were  known,  and  it  appears  to 
have  been  during  this  search  that  the  idea 
of  the  present  volume  suggested  itself. 

The  first  story  of  the  new  branch  of 
the  history  of  Renard,  which  M.  Cha- 
baille has  printed,  is  "  Si  comme  Re- 
nars  menja  dant  Pincart  le  Hairon  et 
fist  a  peu  noier  le  vilain." — i.  e.  How 
Renard  eat  dan  Pincart  the  Heron, 
and  nearly  drowned  the  countryman. 
Next  we  hear  "  De  I'AndoilJe  qui  fui 
juge  es  Marelles."— Then  how  Re- 
nard was  master  of  the  King's  House- 
hold,— *'  Renars  mestres  de  I'Ostel  le 
Roy,"  taken  from  the  '*  Dit  d'Entende- 
ment,"  by  Jehan  de  Conde.  Next 
M.  Chaba'ille  has  printed  the  "  Re- 
nart le  Bestourne."  (or  Renard  me- 
tamorphosed,) of  Rutebeuf,  who 
flourished  from  1250  to  1300,  and 
which  contains  a  vigorous  satire  on 
the  court  party  of  the  time  when  it 
was  written.  M.  Chabaille  thinks, 
from  the  following  passage  (v.  ii.) 

"  II  est  sires— 
Et  de  la  Brie  et  du  vignoble, 
Renars  fit  en  Constantino ble 
Bien  ses  aviauB," 

that  Renard,  who  is  thus  spoken  of, 
must  represent  Thibaud,  King  of  Na- 
varre and  Count  of  Champagne  and 
Brie,  who  went  on  the  Crusade  in 
1238,  at  the  head  of  several  French 
knights.  The  fifth  piece  which  M. 
Chabaille  has  here  printed,  is  a  sort 
of  fly  ting,  or  as  it  was  called  in  French 
of  the  time  a  tenson,  between  a  min- 
strel called  Renard,  and  a  clerk  called 
Piaudoue,  and  entitled  "  De  Renart  et 
de  Piaudoue". "  The  name  and  cha- 
racter of  the  former  personage  has  led 
him  to  give  this  poem  a  place  in  his 
collection.  M.  Chabaille  has  also 
printed,  among  the  Vnriantes,  the  fable 
of  "  La  Compaignie  Renart,"  and.  in 
his  appendix,  the  very  curious  poem 


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I  $35.] 


Rkview. — Pluquet's  Contes  Populaires,  &c. 


159 


of  "  La  Vie  du  saint  hcrmite  Re- 
gnart."  a  fragment  evidently  disfigured 
by  a  copyist  of  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century,    an  epoch  when  the  happy 
conciseness  of  our  ancient  trouveres, 
and  their  naive  style,  were  abandoned, 
their  grammatical    rules  unknown, 
their  orthography  violated,  and  even 
their  language  w*ith  difficulty  under- 
stood. 

The  larger  portion  of  M.  Chabaille's 
book  consists  of  Variantes  to  the  four 
volumes  of  M.  Me'on,  which  often 
contain  Ions  passages  and  whole  stories, 
and  the  value  of  which  may  be  con- 
ceived from  the  fact  that  the  editor  has 
used  eighteen  manuscripts,  and  that 
he  hae.  studied  and  collated  them  all 
with  the  greatest  care.    In  a  philolo- 
gical point  of  view  they  are  highly 
valuable ;  they  furnish  us  with  good 
readings,  where  those  of  Meon's  edi- 
tion are  often  wretchedly  bad,  and 
they  give  us  corrections  of  passages, 
where  the  error  of  the  scribe  of  the 
manuscript  or  of  the  transcript  has, 
in  that  edition,  destroyed  the  grammar 
and  construction.  This  is  in  fact  abook 
edited  in  a  style  which  we  have  rarely 
had  the  fortune  to  see  in  editions  of 
the  early  literature  of  France,  a  book 
which  merits  a  place  on  the  shelves  of 
every  lover  of  the  literature  of  the 
middle  ages,  and  which  is  necessary 
to  every  one  who  possesses  the  four 
volumes  of  Meon's  Renard,  as  being, 
what  it  pretends  to  be,  a  complete 
supplement  to  that  work.    At  the  end 
of  the  volume  is  given  a  table  of  cor- 
rections of  the  errors  in  those  four 
volumes,   which  have    arisen  from 
carelessly    transcribing    the  manu- 
scripts, errors  which  have  frequently 
loaded  the  glossaries  with  words  which 
never  did  exist,  and  which  never  could 
have  existed. 


Coutes  Populaires,  Prfjuge's,  Patois, 
Proverbes,  Nam*  de  Lxcux,  de  I'Ar- 
roMaUssement  de  Bayetix,  recueillis  et 
publics  par  Frederic  Pluquet.  Deu- 
iieroe  Edition,  8vo.  Rouen.  Lon- 
dres,  Pickering. 

THIS  neat  little  volume  is  a  very 
judicious  collection  of  the  supersti- 
tions, proverbs,  and  dialect  of  a  part 
of  Normandy,  which  are  interesting 
to  an,  from  tneir  close  connexion  with 
those  of  the  northern  nations,  and 
with  oar  own.    It  is  almost  a  solitary 


exception  to  the  general  neglect  with 
which,  in  France,  such  subjects  have 
hitherto  been  treated.  The  popular 
stories  of  fairies  and  magicians,  which 
M .  Pluquet  has  gathered  together,  are 
often  very  amusing.  The  following 
shows  the  danger  of  meddling  with 
the  grimoire,  or  magical  book,  which 
placed  the  fiends  under  the  control  of 
its  possessor,  if  he  knew  well  how  to 
use  it. 

One  day,  a  curate  of  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Bayeux,  who  kept  up  a  con- 
stant intercourse  with  the  devil,  left 
his  grimoire  thoughtlessly  on  the 
table.  His  domestic,  a  lad  who  was 
very  curious,  had  long  sought  an  op- 
portunity to  open  the  mysterious  book. 
His  curiosity  was  the  more  eager, 
because  his  master  had  so  expressly 
forbidden  him  to  touch  it ;  and  he  im- 
mediately began  to  turn  over  the  leaves, 
reading  here  and  there  a  few  passages. 
Scarcely  had  he  pronounced  a  certain 
word,  which  presented  itsel  acci- 
dentally to  his  eyes,  when  the  devil  sud- 
denly made  his  appearance  in  the  form 
of  a  great  black  man,  with  red  eves,  and 
a  terrible  mouth.  "  What  is  thy  will  ?" 
said  he,  in  a  hoarse  and  fearful  voice. 
The  domestic,  terrified  by  this  unex- 
pected apparition,  instead  of  answer- 
ing, made  an  attempt  to  escape  from 
the  chamber ;  but,  with  the  end  of  one 
of  his  claws,  the  devil  seized  him  by 
the  hair  of  his  head,  raised  him  from 
the  ground  as  though  he  had  been  but 
a  feather,  and  was  on  the  point  of  car- 
rying him  away,  when  happily  the 
curate  returned  and  said  some  words 
to  the  devil,  who  placed  the  terrified 
servant  gently  on  the  ground  and  dis- 
appeared. The  poor  man  was  nearly 
dead  with  fright,  and  promised  reidily 
that  he  would  never  again  read  in  the 
grimoire.  As  for  his  master,  he  took 
care  in  future  to  put  his  magical  books 
under  lock  and  key,  and  continued  to 
live  in  good  intelligence  with  Satan. 

Besides  these  tales,  &c.  M.  Pluquet's 
book  consists  of  a  chapter  of  prejudices 
and  superstitious  observations,  another 
of  provincial  words,  at  the  end  of 
which  is  given  a  version  of  the  story 
of  the  prodigal  son,  in  the  dialect  of 
the  country  of  Bessin,  and  a  third  chap- 
ter of  proverbs  and  popular  sayings, 
with  an  appendix  of  some  curious  do- 
cuments illustrative  of  the  subject  of 
the  volume. 


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160         Revision  of  the  Liturgy— American  Common  Prayer.  [Aug. 


The  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  Sec.  ac- 
cording to  the  Use  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America.  From  the  Philadelphia 
authorised  edition.    J8mo.   pp.  414. 

THIS  little  volume  is  far  less  knowu 
than  it  ought  to  be  in  England.  In 
an  historical  point  of  view,  it  is  inte- 
resting, as  showing  what  changes  took 
place  in  America  after  the  political 
separation ;  and  in  other  respects  it 
affords  the  safest  basis  for  any  re- 
consideration of  the  Liturgy  at  home. 

The  separation  of  America  from 
England  had  not  long  taken  place, 
when  the  Episcopalians  found  it  ne- 
cessary to  adopt  a  few  alterations  in 
those  passages  which  contain  prayers 
for  the  constituted  authorities.  The 
King,  the  Privy  Council,  the  Parlia- 
ment, had  disappeared,  and  other  au- 
thorities were  to  be  substituted  in 
their  room. 

"  But  while  these  alterations  were  in 
review  before  the  Convention,  they  could 
not  but  with  gratitude  to  God  embrace 
the  happy  occasion  which  was  offered  to 
them  (uninfluenced  and  unrestrained  by 
any  worldly  authority  whatsoever)  to  take 
a  further  review  of  the  public  service, 
and  to  establish  such  other  alterations 
and  amendments  therein  as  might  be 
deemed  expedient." 

Indeed,  the  entire  preface,  which  is 
but  brief,  embodies  the  principle  of 
alterations  being  sometimes  necessary. 

"  In,  every  church,  what  cannot  be 
clearly  "determined  to  belong  to  doctrine, 
"must  be  referred  to  discipline ;  and  there- 
fore, by  common  consent  and  authority, 
ray  be  altered,  abridged,  enlarged, 
amended,  or  otherwise  disposed  of.  as 
may  seem  most  convenient  for  the  edifi- 
cation of  the  people,  according  to  the 
various  exigencies  of  times  and  occasions.' ' 

There  is  nothing  in  this  language 
that  need  offend  the  most  attached 
friend  of  the  Liturgy.  The  preface 
then  proceeds  to  point  out  that  the 
Liturgy  has  several  times,  since  the 
reign  of  Edward  the  Sixth,  received 
such  alterations  as  were  thought  con- 
venient, without  injuring  its  main 
body  and  essential  parts.  We  will 
add,  for  the  information  of  our  rea- 
ders, that  these  revisions  took  place 
in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth,  James  I. 
and  Charles  II.  in  which  last,  no  less 
than  four  hundred  changes  (princi- 


pally verbal)  took  place,  so  rapidly 
had  language  varied. 

"  A  commission  for  a  review  was  is- 
sued in  the  year  1689,  but  this  great  and 
good  work  miscarried  at  that  time ;  and 
the  civil  authority  has  not  since  thought 
proper  to  revive  it  by  any  new  commis- 
sion." 

The  American  convention  of  Clergy 
terms  this  proposed  revision  a  great 
and  good  work.  Our  readers  may  be 
gratified  to  know,  that  it  stands  con- 
nected with  great  and  good  names,  viz. 
Tillotson,  Tenison,  Patrick,  Burnet, 
and  Stillingfleet.  The  celebrated  Pri- 
deaux,  author  of  the  "  Connection," 
wrote  in  favour  of  it.* 

Having  said  thus  much,  by  way  of 
illustrating  the  subject,  we  now  pro- 
ceed to  point  out  the  principal  altera- 
tions in  the  American  Liturgy. 

The  sentences  at  the  opening  of  the 
service  are  enlarged  by  these  addi- 
tions, Heb.  ii.  20,  Mai.  i.  11,  Psalm  - 
xix.  14.  The  absolution  is  termed 
thevdeclaration  of  absolution  or  remis- 
sion of  sins.  The  one  in  the  commu- 
nion service  may  be  used  instead  of 
it.  The  one  in  the  Visitation  of  the 
Sick  is  wholly  omitted.  The  Gloria 
Patri  is  used  at  the  end  of  the  Psalms, 
not  of  each  separate  Psalm ;  or  the 
Gloria  in  excelsis  may  be  used  instead. 
There  are  ten  selections  of  Psalms, 
which  may  be  used  in  course,  instead 
of  the  present  arrangement  by  days. 
The  lessons  are  changed  in  many  re- 
spects. The  Apocryphal  ones  are 
omitted,  except  on  Saints'  days.  Long 
lessons  are  divided  in  many  cases, 
which  is  a  great  relief  to  clergymen, 
who  have  the  whole  service  to  per- 
form.f  Only  onecreed,  either  Apostles' 
or  Nicene,  need  be  read.  The  Atha- 
nasian  is  omitted.  In  lieu  of  He  de- 
scended into  hell,  may  be  said.  He 
went  into  the  place  of  departed  spirits. 
The  Collect  for  the  day  is  not  used 
twice,  when  the  Communion  service 
is  read.  In  the  Litany,  of  course, 
the  prayers  for  the  King,  &c.  are 
omitted,  and  these  words  are  used  in- 

*  His  pamphlet  (if  we  may  so  call  it) 
has  lately  been  re-published,  with  that  of 
Archbishop  Tenison,  by  Mr.  Prebendary 
Wodehouse. 

f  In  Cathedrals,  the  service  is  divided 
among  several,  and  therefore  is  compara- 
tively easy. 

■ 


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1835.]  Review.— American  Book  of  Common  Prayer.  161 


*trad,  "  That  it  may  please  to  bless 
and  preserve  all  Christian  Rulers  and 
Magistrates,  giving  them  grace  to  exe- 
cute justice,  and  to  maintain  truth." 

Instead  of  the  hundredth  Psalm, 
after  the  second  lesson,  may  be  read 
Lake  L  68,  &c.  four  verses  in  all, 
being  much  shorter  than  the  portion 
in  oar  own.  In  the  Litany,  all  that 
occurs  from  "  O  Christ,  hear  us,"  to 
"as  we  do  put  our  trust  in  Thee," 
may  be  omitted.0 

The  evening  service  is  of  course 
substantially  the  same  as  the  morn- 
ing. Between  the  lessons  is  read 
Psalm  98  or  92,  and  before  the  Creed, 
Psalm  67  or  103,  the  Magnificat  and 
Song  of  Simeon  being  omitted. 

Several  additional  prayers  and 
thanksgivings,  for  special  occasions, 
are  introduced.  The  Communion  ser- 
vice is  rather  enlarged  than  shortened. 
There  is  an  additional  preface  for  Tri- 
nity Sunday.  The  invocation  at  the 
time  of  consecration  is  lengthened  by 
the  introduction  of  a  prayer,  founded 
on  that  which  is  usually  said  after 
communion,  beginning  "  O  Lord  and 
heavenly  Father."  Then  follows  a 
hymn  from  the  authorized  selection. 
If  more  bread  and  wine  requires  to  be 
consecrated,  the  process  is  rather  longer 
than  with  us. 

In  Baptism,  the  parents  may  stand 
as  sponsors.  The  sign  of  the  cross 
may  be  omitted.  Of  the  two  prayers 
at  the  beginning,  only  one  need  be 
used;f  the  Gospel  and  exhortation, 
and  following  prayers,  need  only  be 
used  occasionally,  or  once  a  month  at 
least.  The  next  exhortation  to  the 
sponsors  mayalso  (it  seems)  beomitted, 
a*  is  done  in  our  full  form  of  private 
baptism.   The  Creed  is  omitted,  and 

*  In  adopting  such  an  abbreviation, 
would  it  not  be  advisable  to  retain  the 
prayer  beginning  "  O  God.  merciful 
Father/*  to  be  used  alternately  with  the 
one  beginning  44  We  humbly  beseech 
Thee." 

t  As  our  service  now  stands,  there  are 
no  less  than  four  prayers,  besides  short 
sentences,  for  the  same  object.  "We  be- 
lieve, that  one  long  and  comprehensive 
prayer  is  found  to  be  more  impressive 
than  several  repetitions,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  prayer  '*  for  the  whole  State,"  &c.  in 
the  Communion,  which  is  much  more 
solemn  than  the  several  prayers  in  the 
evening  service. 
Ge*t.  Mac— Vol.  IV. 


the  question  stands,  "  Dost  thou  be- 
lieve all  the  articles  of  the  Christian 
faith,  as  contained  in  the  Apostles' 
Creed  ?  Ant.  I  do."  The  Catechism 
has  no  material  alteration,  and  is  not 
ordered  after  the  second  lesson.  The 
Confirmation  is  not  changed. 

In  the  Marriage  service,  the  cere- 
mony may  take  place  in  a  private' 
house.  It  is  much  abbreviated.  The 
expressions  at  the  beginning,  which 
ore  considered  too  natu  ral,  areomitted. 
So  are  some  of  the  prayers,  the  psalms, 
and  the  scriptural  sentences.  J  The 
expression  "  with  my  body  I  thee 
worship,"  is  expunged. 

The  Churching  of  Women  may  be 
reduced  to  the  concluding  prayer,  in- 
troduced among  the  occasional  prayers 
and  thanksgivings.  Or  if  the  whole 
be  employed,  then  the  Lord's  prayer 
may  be  omitted,  should  the  office  be 
used  during  service-time.  Only  one 
Psalm  is  used,  viz.  the  116th,  but 
omitting  several  verses  retained  in  our 
own.§ 

In  the  Visitation*  of  the  Sick,  the 
special  confession  and  absolution  are 
omitted.  The  Psalm  is  changed  to 
the  130th,  and  additional  prayers  are 
subjoined,  for  all  persons  present,  and 
in  case  of  sudden  danger,  with  a 
thanksgiving  for  the  beginning  of  a 
recovery. 

In  the  Burial  service  there  is  one 
Psalm,  compiled  from  the  39th  and 
90th,  which  is  not  so  judicious  a 
change,  as  some  of  the  expressions  in 
the  latter  are  only  applicable  to  aged 
persons.  In  the  prayers,  &c.  the  con- 
troverted expressions,  which  have  been 
understood  to  pronounce  a  favourable 
verdict  over  the  departed  person,  arc 
omitted,  so  that  the  form  is  more  ge- 

*  Yet  surely  a  short  selection  of  pas- 
sages might  well  be  made.  It  is  curious 
•  that  the  last  sentence  in  our  service,  as  it 
stands  at  present,  has  Buffered  by  the  re- 
vision of  1662.  It  now  stands,  "  and  are 
not  afraid  with  any  amazement,"  which 
is  not  very  plain ;  whereas  in  the  old  Li- 
turgy it  stood  thus,  "  not  being  dismayed 
with  any  fear." 

§  The  offerings  are  applied  to  the  re- 
lief of  distressed  women  in  childbirth. 
Such  an  usage,  if  introduced  in  England, 
would  not  be  felt  as  a  loss  in  villages ; 
but  in  large  towns  which  are  badly  en- 
dowed, it  forms  a  material  part  of  a  mi- 
nister's income. 

Y 


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162  Review.— Jlmru 

nerally  applicable.  One  of  the  most 
prolific  sources  of  doubt  and  cavil  is 
thereby  removed.  Only  one  of  the 
two  concluding  prayers  need  be  used. 

The  form  of  prayer  to  be  used  at 
Sea  is  nearly  the  same.  So  are  the 
ordination  services.  The  commie  a  - 
tion  is  omitted  entirely. 

There  is  a  form  of  prayer  for  the 
Visitation  of  prisoners,  a  thanksgiving 
for  the  fruits  of  the  earth,  to  be  used 
on  the  first  Thursday  in  November,  a 
service  for  consecrating  churches,  and 
another  for  institution  of  ministers 
into  parishes  or  churches.  There  is 
also  a  form  of  family  prayer,  which 
however  only  answers  to  a  single  day, 
and  consequently  has  all  the  disad- 
vantages of  repetition. 

The  Thirty- nine  Articles  are  re- 
tained in  substance.  In  the  eighth  no 
mention  is  made  of  the  Athanasian 
Creed,  or  about  assembling  councils 
in  the  twenty-first.  In  the  thirty- 
fifth,  the  homilies  are  recognised,  "  as 
an  explication  of  Christian  doctrine, 
and  instructive  in  piety  and  morals." 
But  as  they  arc  chiefly  applicable  to 
the  laws  and  constitution  of  England, 
and  contain  many  obsolete  words  and 
phrases,  the  reading  of  them  is  sus- 
pended till  they  shall  have  been  re- 
vised. 

The  services  for  the  5th  of  Novem- 
ber, &c.  are  omitted  of  course. 

Such  are  the  most  important  features 
in  a  volume,  which,  as  we  have  ob- 
served, is  too  little  known.  While  it 
affords  a  good  precedent  for  revision, 
it  also  supplies  us  with  a  safe  guide, 
and  may  thus  prove  a  barrier  against 
rash  innovations.  We  recommend  the 
Clergy  to  make  themselves  masters  of 
the  revisions,  as  the  subject  is  gra- 
dually pressing  itself  upon  the  public. 

Before  we  dismiss  this  subject,  we 
would  observe,  how  desirable  it  would 
be,  if  some  abbreviations  were  allowed 
on  certain  occasions.  Thus,  on  Sa- 
crament days,  the  prayer  •*  for  the 
whole  state  of  Christ's  Church  mili- 
tant" might  be  used  instead  of  the 
Litany  and  Thanksgiving.  Instead  of 
the  Commandments,  the  summary  con- 
tained in  Matt.  xxii.  37-40/  might  be 
employed.  A  short  prayer  on  account 


*  In  the  American  Church  it  is  al- 
ways repeated  after  the  Commandments. 


of  the  Litwrw.  [Aug. 

of  the  alms  and  oblations  might  be  in- 
troduced in  the  usual  place.    We  make 
this  remark,  because  in  the  present 
day,  so  many  Clergymen  are  laid  aside 
by  diseased  throats  and  lungs,  that 
some  mode  ought  absolutely  to  be 
adopted  for  shortening  their  tasks. 
The  Dissenting  Churches  have,  in  this 
respect,  an  immense  advantage,  be- 
cause they  can  contract  or  expand 
their  services  at  pleasure.   The  Wed* 
nesdays  and  Fridays  services,  which 
are  now  so  poorly  attended,  but  which 
take  up  so  much  of  a  Clergyman's  time, 
might  well  be  discontinued,  together 
with  most  of  the  Saints'  days,  at  least 
all  that  are  not  founded  on  some  event 
in  the  history  of  our  Lord.   By  this 
the  Clergyman  would  gain  much  in 
point  of  time,  and  be  saved  a  fatigue 
which  is  daily  becoming  less  neces- 
sary.   Where  there  is  no  curt  of  souls, 
i.  e.  in  Cathedrals  and  Colleges,  those 
services  might  be  retained,  at  least  the 
reason  for  discontinuing  them  is  not 
so  strong. 

It  might  also  be  allowed  to  a  Cler- 
gyman, who  is  suffering  from  any  ill- 
ness, but  is  anxious  not  to  omit  a  ser- 
vice, to  use  the  abridgments  proposed 
above.  But  to  avoid  affording  a  pre. 
text  for  laziness,  he  should  not  do  it 
more  than  twice  together,  and  should 
report  to  the  Bishop  how  often  he  has 
done  so,  when  he  answers  the  usual 
queries. 

If  H  be  asked,  how  can  these  ad- 
vantages be  secured  ?  the  answer  is 
easy.  All  regulations  concerning  fasts, 
days  of  thanksgiving,  &c.  are  made  by 
an  order  in  Council.  By  a  similar 
order  the  name  of  the  late  Queen  Ca- 
roline was  omitted  in  the  Liturgy. 
Such  a  permission  might  be  conveyed 
in  the  same  way. 

With  regard  to  abbreviations  in  ge- 
neral, there  are  two  classes  to  whom 
they  would  be  very  acceptable,  viz. 
the  very  old  and  the  very  young,  who 
certainly  ought  not  to  be  repelled  by 
length  or  repetition.  And  we  are  sure, 
that  all  the  Clergy  would  in  time  ac- 
knowledge the  benefit,  although  at 
first  they  might  (from  no  illaudiHe 
feeling)  dislike  an  alteration  of  their 
accustomed  usages.  Quod  bene  vor- 
tat  is  the  sentiment  with  which  we 
regard  all  improvement  that  is  not  in- 
troduced for  the  sake  of  innovation. 


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1835.1    Rbvibw.— Literary  History  of  Italy. —Oris  England.       1 63 

and  offering  them  the  most  unrestrained 
to  his  house." 


o/  the  Literary  History  of 
until  tke  formation  of  the  Mo- 
derm  Italian  Language,  HfC  By 
Count  F.  V.  Barbaconi. 

THIS  little  work  is  chiefly  a  trans- 
lation of  the  early  part  of  Tiraboschi's 
History  of  Italian  Literature.   It  is  a 


mary  of  the  subject ;  not  very  deep, 
nor  always  exact ;  and  the  translator 
uses  language  occasionally  offensive 
to  English  ears.  We  presume  that  he 
comes  from  a  hilly  country,  as  he 
never  knows  how  to  use  the  word 
*  tvtn.'  We  are  reminded  by  this 
work  to  express  a  wish  that  some 
scholar  would  favour  us  with  an  elegant 
and  learned  biography  of  Lucullas, 
who  deserves  a  higher  niche  in  fame 
than  he  at  present  possesses. 

Hear  what,  ere*  in  his  abridged  ac- 
count. Tiraboschi  says : 

"  LucmDms,  a  person  of  the  highest 
talents,  as  Cicero  attest*,  and  gifted  in 
bis  language  also,  with  a  memory  as  it 


We  are  not  aware  whether  the  French , 
who  far  excel  us  in  biographies  of  this 
kind,  possess  one  of  this  eminent  and 
learned  man.  We  should  like  to  see 
it  written  in  Latin,  alter  the  manner 
of  C.  Nepos ;  for  the  benefit  of  the 
— squirarchy  and  country  vicars. 


England,   an   Historical  Poem.  By 
John  Walker  Ord.    Part  II. 

NOTWITHSTANDING  the  radical 
defect  of  the  plan  of  this  poem,  which 
is  neither  more  nor  less  than  a  His- 
tory of  England  in  verse,  and  which 
has  neither  plot  nor  plan  more  than 
Harding  the  Chronicler,  or  Robert  of 
Gloucester ;  and  notwithstanding  that 
the  author  has  formed  his  manner  and 
style  too  much  on  that  of  Lord  Byron, 
in  exaggeration,  impetuosity,  and  a 
perpetual  straining  for  effect ;  yet  we 
must  own  that  Mr.  Ord  has  many 
divine,  devoted  to  continual 'study,  very  poetic  qualities  belonging  to  him, 
sad  amazingly  versed  in  all  the  fine  arts,  and  his  poem  possesses  much  beauty. 
—Lueallus,  after  a  close  application  for  There  is  an  astonishing  fertility  of 
many  years  to  the  study  of  the  sciences  thought,  and  an  unusual  command  of 
and  government  of  the  Republic,  elected  language ;  a  readiness  to  catch  ana- 
.uddenlr  to  the  supreme  command  of  the  ,  fC8  |owevcr  renlote  a  livcly  feel. 
amy  destined  against  Mithndates,  proved  •„  fnr  „«fI1M,  .  an  ol„'  f  - 
himself  one   of  the  greatest  Captains    "*  f?r  .nature  5  M  elegant  power  of 

1  description ;  and  a  noble  vein  of  mo- 

rality. Occasionally  his  muse  is  lan- 
guid or  slovenly,  and  occasionally  un- 
graceful ;  and,  as  we  before  observed, 
his  thoughts  are  kept  in  too  forced 
and  high  a  strain,  and  common  feel- 
ings pushed  up  into  the  highest  senti- 
ments. This  is  one  of  the  great  be- 
setting faults  of  the  age,  and  for  this 


had  ever  known ;  and  after  having 
borne,  both  in  a  civil  and  military  capa- 
city* the  principal  offices  of  the  Republic, 
retiring  into  private  life,  he  offered  a  new 
spectacle  to  die  eves  of  his  countrymen, 
in  displaying  to  them  the  extent  to  which 
the  luxury  and  magnificence  of  a  private 
individual  could  reach.  Delightful  villas, 
ample  and  spacious  porticos,  some  si- 


TL°?  ^  f*'  0t^er8  0n    ^  Bl°pe  °f  they  are  much  indebted  to  the  noble 

bus  baths,  theatres  pictures,  and  statues,  Bft/d  of  New8tead.  Sometimes  amidst 

tte  display  in  short  of  a  grindeur  and  w  ornamented  language,  Mr.  Ord  is 
luxury  more  than  royal,  was  exhibited  at  r     ,  ...  "  6  ,6  '    .  ' 

Rome.   But  what  relates  more  imme-  S^ty  °£  Platit«<l«>  downright  flat- 

diatHy  to  our  subject,  is  the  extensive  nesses  of  expression,  as—  a  fine  old 

collection  of  books  which  he  formed,  and  abbey '— '  sweating  giants '— '  a  pigmy 

the  free  access  to  them  which  he  per.  after  all.'  He  is  also  guilty  of  reviving 


those  expletives  'do 'and  'did,' which 
we  hoped  had  been  banished  by  Pope 
during  the  life  of  the  Corpus  Poet  arum ; 
and  he  sometimes  has  such  unrhyming 
rhymes   as  soul   and   all,   and  oitl 


isittrd  all  to  enjoy.  Viewed  in  this  point, 
Lucullus  may  reasonably  be  considered 
tke  chief  protector  of  letters  and  the 
literati,  Rome  had  hitherto  known  ;  for, 
although  Scipio  and  others  had  honoured 

joac  poets  and  philosophers  with  their       d     u  „e  not  great  defects 

^^^^^^^.^^  and  do  not  strike  into  the  heart  or 

la  the  extent  and  regal  magnificence  of  "           ri.i.„M»;.juu.*  tv,*,, 

his  encouragement  to  the  sciences.    He  lamina  of  his  poetical  talent,  but  they 

fcrfri«d",d  equally  all  the  learned,  and  ought  to  be  removed ;  and  indeed  Mr 

peculiarly  the iGreek  philosophers,  by  every  Ord's  poem,   however   pleasing  and 

then*  st  his  own  table,  graceful,  would  profit  much  by  an  at. 


j 

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164  Review.— Ord's  England,  a  Poem.  [Aug. 

tention  to  many  minute  points  of  cri-  pressed,  to  dismiss  all  the  crowd  of 

ticism.  What  can  be  worse  than  such  satellite  and  lesser  thoughts  that  crowd 

a  stanza  as  the  following;  and  how  round  it ;  or  in  other  words,  to  shorten 

inferior  to  the  general  strain.  a  little  his  flowing  Asiatic  robe,  and 
"  To  these  we  add  the  poets :  that  pure  amPlc  and  Invariant  folds  ; 

host  and  when  We  neXt  mCet  him'  °n  a  bet" 

Of  almost  martyrs;  Homer  rings  his  shell,  ter  selected  ground  than  his  present^ 

From  fabulous  regions,  and  the  soul  is  lost  we  are  sure  that  his  volume  will  be 

Amid  the  plumes  of  war.  We  cannot  swell  acceptable  to  all  who  understand  and 

His  fame.   The  classic  Virgil  hath  a  knell  feel  the  beauties  of  poetry. 

O'er  burning  Troy ;  we  list  to  Horace's   

The  pure  and  saintly  Milton  too  can  tell  Antiquities  of  Bristow  in  the  Middle 
Of  mighty  arts ;  we  hear  of  Shakspeare's        Centuries  ;  including  the  Topography 


[smouldering  flame.  by  William  Wyrcestre,  and  the  Life 

And  Byron's  lyre  is  heard  amid  the  of  William  Canynges.    By  the  Rev. 

If  Mr.  Ord  had  written  always  in  James  Dallaway.  8vo.  pp.  234. 
this  manner,  he  would  neither  have  THIS  is  a  handsome  republication, 
been  favoured  by  subscribers,  nor  in  one  volume,  with  an  index,  of  the 
troubled  with  critics ;  but  his  ge-  labours  of  the  late  Mr.  Dallaway  on 
neral  strain  is  of  a  far  higher  mood,  the  Antiquities  of  Bristol,  consisting 
and  sometimes  approaches  to  high  ex-  principally  of  the  curious  work  of  Wil- 
cellence.  How  much  superior  are  the  liam  Wyrcestre,  followed  by  an  essay 
two  following  stanzas.  on  the  Life  of  the  great  Bristol  mer- 
"  Greece  caught  the  rays  from  Egypt,  in  »d  preceded  by  "  An  Attempt 
the  land  [clime,  *°  describe  the  first  Common  Seal  used 
Of  sunny  fields,  blue  heavens  and  glorious  by  the  Burgesses  of  Bristol "  (pub- 
Still  superstition  led  her  maniac  band,  lished  in  vol.  xxi.  of  the  Archoologia) . 
Their  creed  e'en  in  its  falseness  was  As  the  Seal  is  placed  foremost,  we 
sublime.  [conquered  time ;  shall  commence  with  a  few  remarks 
Men  then  were  gods,  whose  deeds  had  on  that  subject,  on  which  we  conceive 
They  had  a  sylph  for  every  fruitful  wood,  Mr  Dallaway  to  have  given  way  to  a 
And  satyrs  that  among  the  rocks  would  little  antiquarian  romance.    It  may  be 

■m  •  j        I      *  a  —  -u  -i— -  a^a  premised  that  the  subject  of  his  dis- 

Naiads  who  tenanted  each  glassy  flood  *                                only  to  be  the 

And  mermaids  singing  sweet  'mid  ocean's  .'  V  '„  ,    / £       ,    X   *        «    t  * 

solitude.  first   but  the  only  Common  Seal  of 

.j*.  the  City  of  Bristol.    Several  smaller 

fl^ 1  rtf^C f,lVV:  seals  for  the  office  of  Mayor  have  been 

feetf                             P  U8e?'  in  which  thc  8an?e  dcsiSn  ia 

No  more  doth  Dian  »mid  the  forests  rove,  copied,  and  thence  has  arisen  the  term 

Chacing,  with  all  her  nymphs,  the  wild  Mr.  Dallaway  has  employed ;  but  this, 

deer  fleet.  if  we  are  rightly  informed,  is  still  the 

Long  since  hath  Bacchus  left  his  viny  seat,  great  seal  of  the  city. 

The  glorious  heavens  that  bore  on  every  Mr.  Dallaway  states,  that  the  pri- 

cloud                          [heat,  vilege  of  using  a  seal  was  conceded  to 

A  conquering  god,  have  lost  their  ancient  the  burgesses  of  Bristol  by  King  Ed- 

And  that  bright  land,  to  which  the  na-  ward  the  First>  ftnd  to  that  pcriod  the 

I.  now  aTandb°oWf  slaves,  and  buriSmts  8eal  ^                    may  be  as- 

'               1U  ItB  signed.    It  is  formed  of  two  circular 

We  could,  had  room  been  allowed,  sides,  of  equal  dimensions,  being  about 

3uote  many  very  beautiful  and  elegant  three  inches  in  diameter.  The  obverse 

escriptions,  and  many  well- expressed  represents  a  castle,  with  water  before 

thoughts  ;  but  our  general  opinion  it,  and  on  one  of  the  towers  a  warden 

being  pronounced,  we  must  hasten  is  sounding  his  trumpet.*   The  in- 

*  to  fresh  woods  and  pastures  new!'  scription  is  :  bigillvm  :  commune  : 

and  at  parting,  hint  to  Mr.  Ord,  that  bvbqensivw  :  beistollie. 

he  should  labour  to  concentrate  his  •  Men  similarly  employed  stand  on  the 

thoughts  into  greater  brevity  of  cx-  cities  in  the  seals  of  Rochester  and 

pression ;  and  have  the  courage,  when  Thetford,  and  on  the  ships  in  several  of 

once  an  image  is  clearly  and  fully  ex-  the  seals  of  the  Cinque  Ports. 


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1835.]  Review.— Itollaway's  Antiquities  of  Brktow.  1 65 


On  the  reverse  is  represented,  sail- 
ing on  the  water,  a  one-masted  ship, 
in  which  is  a  single  figure  holding  a 
rudder  at  the  side  of  the  vessel.  There 
is  also  a  gateway,  on  the  tower  above 
which  is  a  watchman,  pointing  with 
his  finger.  Such  is  the  whole  of  the 
design,  with  the  exception  of  three 
fishes  of  different  species,  placed,  by 
way  of  embellishment,  very  promi- 
nently on  the  surface  of  the  water. 
The  incription  forms  two  Alexandrine 
hexameters : 

SECRET!    CLAVIS    BV'     PORT*  NAV1TA 
NAVIS  [p'DIT. 
PORTA'  CVSTODIT   PORT'   VIGIL  INDICE 

The  greater  part  of  this  legend  is  of 
obvious  meaning.    "  Here,"  it  says, 
"  you  see  the  sailor  keeping  the  rud- 
der of  his  ship  ;  and  there  the  watch- 
man showing  the  port  with  his  finger." 
The  matter  for  discussion  consists  in 
the  commencing  words  secreti  clavis 
svji  portvs,  and  more  particularly  in 
the  term  stcrtti.    Mr.  Dal  la  way  has 
explained  it  "  the  creek  or  secret  port 
of  the  castle;"  in  distinction  to  "  the 
op*n  port  of  the  town ;"  which  inter- 
pretation is  adopted  in  order  to  con- 
nect a  story  of  considerable  intricacy 
and  complexity  with  the  simple  design 
above  described.    In  the  year  1275 
the  daughter  of  Simon  de  Montfort 
was  being  conveyed  from  France  into 
Wales,  to  be  married  to  Prince  Llewel- 
lyn, when  the  vessel  was  overtaken  at 
the  island  of  Silly,  off  the  coast  of 
Glamorgan,  by  "a  burgers  of  Bristowe, 
charged  with  wines,"  who,  either  by 
treachery  or  force,  brought  the  bridal 
freight  into  port,  and  delivered  the 
maid  to  King  Edward.    Now  this  is 
the  story,  says  Mr.  Dallaway,  which 
is  represented  on  the  City  Seal ;  but 
the  design  we  have  described  of  a 
single  sailor  in  a  boat,  certainly  does 
not  bear  it  out ;  and  it  will  be  perceived 
that  it  depends  entirely  on  Mr.  Dal  la  - 
way's  interpretation  of  the  words  "  se- 
cret port."    The  secret  port,  he  says, 
is  the  gateway  shown  on  the  seal,  into 
which  the  ship  was  taken  ;  but  where 
is  the  authority  that  the  strangers 
were  taken  into  such  a  place  ?  The 
only  expression  which  favours  such 
to  assumption*  is  in  the  chronicle  of 
Wykea,  "  perduxtrunt  intrinsecus,"— 
that  is,  wrthin  the  port,  not  "  into 
the  creak  and  water-gate  of  the  castle," 


as  Mr.  Dallaway  has  forced  his  inter- 
pretation. 

We  will  now  give  our  version  of  this 
will-o'-the-wisp  expression,  which  led 
Mr.  D.  into  so  wide  an  excursion,  too 
much  resembling  the  elaborate  fancies 
of  by-gone  antiquaries,  the  antiquarii 
ingeniosissimi.  In  the  words  Secreti 
clavis  sum  port  us.  the  seal  must  be 
supposed  to  speak, — a  conceit  of 
which  we  have  seen  other  instances, 
as  on  a  counter- seal  used  by  Henry 
Earl  of  Derby  (Vetusta  Monumenta) : 
"  Jussa  Johannis  ago  que  prasens  sig- 
nat  imago." 

The  words  on  the  Bristol  seal,  if 
not  quite  so  much  resembling  She- 
ridan's Lord  Burleigh,  as  to  imply  all 
the  long  story  about  Alianor  Mont- 
fort, and  her  unfortunate  bridal  voyage, 
are  yet  very  sententious  and  "  preg- 
nant with  meaning ;"  suggested  by  the 
same  quaint  spirit,  which,  as  Mr.  Dal- 
laway has  justly  remarked,  delighted 
in  the  jingle  of  portam  and  port  urn. 
"  I,"  says  the  seal,  "  am  the  Key  of 
the  Secret  Port," — the  key,  or  the 
lock  (for  such  is  the  double  significa- 
tion of  clavis,)  "  the  legal  guardian  of 
its  rights,  and  the  opener  of  its  con- 
cessions :  not  only  is  such  the  im- 
portance of  my  office,  but  I  have  a 
peculiar  boast  in  the  master  it  is  mine 
honour  to  serve,  for  mine  is  the  surest 
Port, — a  port  more  defended  from  the 
weather,  and  more  secure  from  hostile 
aggression,  than  any  other."    Such  is 
our  paraphrase  of  this  ancient  conceit; 
and  to  enter  fully  into  the  justness  of 
the  title  thus  attributed  to  the  port  of 
Bristol,  it  is  only  necessary  to  look  at 
the  map,  and  remark  its  situation,  not 
immediately  on  the  sea,  nor  yet  on  a 
river  communicating  directly  with  the 
sea,  but  several  miles  up  a  second 
river,  and  requiring  the  aid  of  watch- 
towers  and  watchmen  to  direct  the 
mariner  in  his  approach  to  it. 

To  proceed  to  tne  main  substance  of 
this  volume,  consisting  of  those  por- 
tions of  the  historical  and  descriptive 
memoranda  of  William  Wyrcestre 
which  relate  to  Bristol.  The  title 
should  have  been  Notabilia  Villa  Bris- 
tolia,  which  we  find  was  one  by  which 
the  manuscript  was  formerly  known  • 
but  Mr.  Dallaway  has  retained  that  of 
Itinerarium,  under  which  the  whole 
was  originally  published  by  Nasmith. 


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Rbview.— Dallaway  8  Antiquities  of  Bristov.  [Aug. 


166 

It  was  then  scarcely  applicable;  but 
it  happened  that  Wyrcestre's  work 
was  one  of  two  MSS.  which  that 
editor  published  together  in  1 778,  from 
the  library  of  Corpus  Chriati  college, 
under  the  conjoint  title  of  "  Itineraria 
Symonis  Simeonis  etWillalnii  da  Wor- 
cestre."  The  travels  of  the  former 
extended  from  Ireland  to  the  Holy 
Land  those  of  Wyrcestre  only  from 
Bristol  to  Mount  St.  Michael,  at  the 
Land's  End  ;  and  this  journey  is  dis- 
missed in  two  or  three  pages.  The 
remainder  of  his  work  may  be  described 
as  a  topographical  and  architectural 
commonplace  book,  the  greater  part 
relating  to  Bristol,  which  was  the 
place  of  his  residence.  The  other  por- 
tions not  relating  to  that  city  consist 
of  miscellaneous  notes  respecting  other 
places,  and  churches,  and  persons,  not 
in  the  form  of  an  itinerary,  but  as  me- 
moranda made  from  observation  or 
oral  information. 

In  point  of  curiosity  this  author 
must  be  ranked  next  to  Leland,  whom 
he  a  little  preceded,  but  he  generally 
deals  with  matters  of  inferior  im- 
portance, and  his  information  is  con- 
sequently of  less  value.  His  chief 
amusement  consisted  in  measuring,  by 
his  own  steps,  the  length  and  width 
of  streets,  and  churches,  and  every 
place  within  the  circuit  of  his  peram- 
bulations, writing  in  a  mixture  of  bad 
Latin,  French,  and  English,  as  in  the 
following  specimen : 

"  Cimimferentiamariaci  [Avyn-mertk] 
xii  brachia,  ut  reUtum  mi  hi  per  unum 
rope -maker.  Longitudo  de  le  slip,  an- 
glice  «  a  steyre/  de  lspidibus  ad  fundum 
aqua  de  le  bak,  id  est  a  summitate  vis 
desuper  le  bak  usque  ad  ultimum  gradum 
continencium  descensu  920  gressua." — 
(p.  99.) 

Mr.  Dallaway  appositely  quotes 
Chaucer : 

**  A  man cr  Latin  corrupt  was  his  apeches 
But  algate  therby  was  be  understande." 

Our  next  extract  is  another  very 
exquisite  piece  of  his  language,  and 
relates  a  curious  story  respecting  a 
hawthorn  which,  by  tradition,  grew 
in  the  narrow  street  of  Bristol,  in  the 
place  of  the  high  cross. 

*  Fits- Simeon's  Itinerary  forms  the 
of  an  article  in  the  Retrospective 
,  New  Series,  vol.  ii.  pp.  232-254. 


41  Memorandum  quod  quidem  Dynt  ar- 
tifici  (ita)  unius  plump-maker  viUae  Bris- 
tolliK  dixit  diversis  hominibus  ab  auditu 
senium  et  antiquonun  gencium,  quod  re- 
tulerunt  sibi  videre  unum  arborem  voca- 
tum  snglice  *  a  haw-tree*  crescentem  in 
loco  Hygh-strete,  ubi  crux  magnifies  scita 
est." 

This  is  the  "  magni6cent  cross" 
which  was  removed  as  an  incumbrance, 
and  the  remains  of  which  are  now  at 
Stourhead. 

Such  are  the  interesting  notices  with 
which  this  minute  observer  abounds  ; 
and  we  will  give  one  more  specimen 
relating  to  the  sumptuous  mansion  of 
the  celebrated  Canynges : 

"  Memorandum  in  mansione  pulcher- 
riroa  de  le  bak  ex  posteriors  parte  de 
Radclyf-strete,  super  aquam  de  Avyn  est 
pulcher  turris  per  Willelmum  Canyngis 
cdificata,  continet  4  fenestras  vocatas  Bay- 
wiudowes  ornatissimo  modo  cum  cameris, 
continet  circa  30  virgas,  in  longitudine 
16  virgas." 

Another  curious  passage  is  that  in 
which  he  mentions  the  custom  of  the 
women  washing  their  linen  in  the 
river,  at  the  reflux  of  the  tide,  when 
the  water  was  clear.  He  had  some- 
times seen,  he  says,  twelve  women 
together  standing  on  the  long  steps  of 
the  Back.  The  sight  is  familiar  to 
those  who  have  visited  Paris  and  other 
French  towns;  and  the  furniture  of 
the  churches  may  also  be  compared 
with  what  is  still  observed  in  the  sea- 
orts  of  France  at  the  present  day. 
n  the  chapel  of  St.  Anne  at  Brisling- 
ton  were  two  great  square  wax  lights, 
eighty  feet  high ;  that  of  the  cord- 
wainers  ten  fingers  broad  and  eight 
thick ;  that  of  the  weavers  eight  fingers 
wide  and  seven  thick ;  they  were  re- 
newed yearly  at  Easter,  and  cost  5/. 
apieee.  There  were  also  before  the 
image  of  St.  Anne  twelve  wax  lights ; 
and  in  the  chapel  were  thirty-two 
votive  ships  and  boats,  five  of  which 
were  made  of  silver,  and  each  worth 
20s. 

William  de  Wyrcestre  wrote  at  the 
time  when  Canynges,  the  great  mer- 
chant, was  in  his  glory,  employing 
for  eight  years  together  800  men  in 
his  ships,  and  100  carpenters,  masons, 
and  other  workmen  on  shore.  Among 
the  notes  with  which  this  volume  is 
illustrated,  are  pedigrees  of  the  prin- 
cipal old  families  of  merchants,  de- 


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1835] 


Review.— Letters  on  the  Court  of  Chancery. 


167 


rived  from  their  wills,  with  cats  of 
their  arms,  among  which  we  find  that 
of  William  Hore,  Mayor  of  Bristol  in 
1312,  displaying  the  same  spread  eagle 
and  bordure  engrailed,  which  appear 
on  the  shield  of  the  excellent  patron 
of  topographical  antiquities,  the  pre- 
sent Baronet  of  Stourhead. 

Into  the  third  article  of  the  volume, 
"  An  Essay  on  the  life  and  times  of 
William  Canynges,"  we  need  not 
enter  at  length.  It  is  an  interesting 
compilation  of  the  facts  handed  down 
to  us  respecting  that  prince  of  mer- 
chants, and  recording  historical  facts 
of  which  no  townsman  of  Bristol 
should  be  ignorant.  Indeed,  the  whole 
Tolume  is  such  as  may  well  form  a 
very  agreeable  study  to  every  intel- 
ligent Bristolian  ;  capable,  no  doubt, 
of  still  further  illustration  from  those 
who  have  access  to  original  docu- 
ments, or  the  means  of  making  per- 
sonal observations,  nor  will  the  anti- 
quaries of  other  ancient  cities  peruse 
it  in  vain  for  statements  that  will 
assist  them,  by  analogy,  in  the  eluci- 
dation of  their  own  annals  and  esta- 
blishments 


A  Litter  to  Charles  Pur  ton  Cooper,  esq. 
of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister -at -Law, 
o)c.  8fc.  bye.,  on  the  appointment  of  a 
Permanent  Judge  in  the  Court  of 
Chancery  in  the  place  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor,  and  a  change  in  the  ap- 
pellate jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  and  the  House  of  Lords. 
By  Causidicus,  8vo.  pp.  29. 

A  Second  Letter,  tyc.    pp.  31. 

THE  design  of  these  pamphlets  is  to 
show  that  the  vacancy  of  the  Chan- 
cellorship, by  the  placing  of  the  Great 
Seal  in  the  hands  of  Commissioners, 
affords  a  most  desirable  opportunity 
of  reforming  the  judicial  system  of  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  by  separating  the 
judicial  from  the  ministerial  duties  of 
that  high  office.  The  author  would 
relieve  the  Chancellor  from  all  business 
as  a  judge,  except  the  hearing  of  ap- 
peals in  the  House  of  Lords,  and  some 
matters  of  little  importance.  His 
practical  observations,  as  a  lawyer, 
are  just ;  and  be  clearly  exposes  the 
mischievous  and  ruinous  consequences 
befalling  suitors  in  Chancery,  at  a 
change  of  the  supreme  judge  of  that 
Court,  caused  by  sudden  political 


movements.  In  this  we  readily  agree : 
but  we  cannot  agree  with  the  premises 
from  which  he  argues  this  result,  as  a 
restoration  of  the  supposed  antient 
character  of  the  Chancellorship.  He 
says  :— 

"  In  early  times  the  Chancellor  could 
hardly  be  considered  as  a  minister  ;  poli- 
tics drew  scarcely  at  all  upon  his  time. 
He  was  the  head  of  a  sort  of  college  of 
justice,  consisting  of  the  Masters  in 
Chancery  and  the  Six  Clerks,  all  of  whom 
were  then  in  holy  orders;  and  the  ad- 
ministration of  justice  was  the  principal, 
if  not  the  sole  object  of  his  attention. 
Cabinet  councils  occupied  him  not;  he 
was  not  called  away  in  the  midst  of  hear- 
ing a  great  cause,  to  discuss  urgent  ques- 
tions of  policy,  foreign  or  domestic,  and 
upon  which  his  own  continuance  in  office 
might  depend  ;  or  if  this  ever  happened, 
it  was  but  seldom,  and  not  as  since  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century,  and 
more  especially  of  late,  weekly  and  daily, 
to  the  great  waste  of  time  of  the  court, 
and  the  just  dissatisfaction  of  the  suitor; 
who,  ignorant  as  he  may  be  of  law  mat- 
ters, cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  judge's 
mind  is  engaged  with  other  things  than 
the  pleadings  before  him."   Letter,  p.  6. 

Nothing  can  be  more  untrue  than 
this  position.  Both  history  and  re- 
cords incontestably  show  that  in  early 
times  the  Chancellor  and  the  Justi- 
ciary were  the  two  principal  council- 
lors and  ministers  of  state,  inseparable 
from  all  public  transactions,  foreign 
and  domestic,  and  constantly  attendant 
at  all  the  King's  councils.  Differently 
from  modern  custom,  the  Chancellor 
was  the  principal  and  the  only  Secre- 
tary of  State :  he  had  the  especial  care 
of  foreign  relations,  and  all  documents 
connected  therewith  were  prepared  in 
his  office,  until  by  the  gradual  increase 
of  the  business  of  the  privy  council, 
secretaries  for  several  departments  of 
affairs  were  gradually  appointed. 

To  deprive  the  Chancellor,  there- 
fore, of  a  political  character  and  mi- 
nisterial duties,  would  be  to  destroy  the 
essential  part  of  his  office  as  Keeper 
of  the  Great  Seal ;  but  to  deprive  him 
of  ngilar  judicial  functions,  which  have 
been  gradually  acquired  in  the  course 
of  ages,  would  not  only  be  desirable, 
but  quite  constitutional ;  and  experi- 
ence fully  shows  the  necessity  of  this 
course.  Yet  as  the  Court  of  Chancery 
derives  its  authority  from  the  office  of 
Chancellor,  and  as  the  legislature  has 


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108  Review. — Latham's  Sketch  of  the  Greek  Language.  [Aog. 

already  gone  so  far  as  to  relieve  the  curacy  in  his  own  statements,  espe- 
Chancellor  of  a  part  of  his  overwhelm-  cially  in  the  second  letter,  which  most 
ing  duties,  by  the  appointment  of  a  render  unwelcome  a  publication  in- 
Vice-chancellor,  there  can  be  no  rea-  volving  the  learned  gentleman  to  whom 
son  why  a  Supreme  Judge  should  be  it  is  addressed,  in  unpleasant  respon- 
appointed  under  any  other  title  ;  it  sibilities,  as  though  he  were  the  secret 
being  evident  that,  whatsoever  name  plotter  and  contriver  of  Lord  Broug- 
he  may  bear,  he  must  be  the  Chan-  ham's  measures.  To  our  certain  know- 
cellor's  deputy.  We  would,  therefore,  ledge,  such  has  been  the  impression 
suggest  the  propriety  of  appointing  a  left  on  Mr.  Cooper's  mind;  who  has 
Second  Vice-chancellor,  to  occupy  the  freely  expressed  his  regret  that  these 
station  next  below  the  Master  of  the  statements  were  promulgated,  and 
Rolls,  and  to  give  to  the  Fice-chan-  has  openly  disclaimed  the  lavished 
cellor  the  power  of  hearing  appeals,  honours. 

which  now  belongs  to  the  office  of  The  looseness  and  carelessness  to 
Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.  This  same  which  we  have  alluded,  are  especially 
method  also  might  be  effectually  used  observable  in  the  following  passages: — 
to  remedy  an  excessive  increase  of  I.  p.  6,  "  the  political  changes,  / 
business,  by  the  appointing  of  a  Third  think  of  1830,  or  it  might  be  at 
Vice- chancellor,  if  a  fourth  equity  judge 
should  ever  be  required,  either  for  a 
continuance,  or  until  a  vacancy  of  one 
of  the  superior  stations  should  happen. 

The  former  of  these  pamphlets  wa9 
written  on  the  22nd  of  April,  when 
that  was  only  expected,  which  was 
realized  before  the  date  of  the  second 
letter,  the  21st  of  May.  The  latter  is 
chiefly  occupied  with  answering  ob- 
jections against  the  measures  recom- 
mended in  the  former  letter.  Herein, 
also,  the  author  animadverts  on  the 
unfavourable  reception  that  his 
pamphlet  had  met  with  from  Mr. 
Cooper ;  who,  he  says,  had  "  treated 
what  was  meant  to  convey  an  honour- 
able mark  of  distinction,  as  an  affront/' 
and  had  thrown  doubt  on  the  accuracy 
of  all  those  statements  that  concerned 
himself.  Nor  is  this  at  all  surprising, 
when  we  find  the  writer,  a  young 
barrister,  who  says  he  was  a  "  student" 
so  lately  as  in  1 830,  not  only  ascrib- 
ing to  Mr.  Cooper  a  silent  and  benefi- 
cial influence  over  the  legal  reforms  of 
the  last  four  years  (many  of  which,  he 
says,  had  been  suggested  in  his  publi- 
cations, at  a  time  when  they  seemed 
almost  hopeless),  but  stating,  as  a  rea- 
son for  addressing  him,  "  the  confi- 
dence thought  to  be  reposed  in  you 
by  more  than  one  member  of  the  pre- 
sent government,  and  the  excellent 
use  made  by  you  of  that  confidence, 
by  advising,  as  it  is  said  you  have 
done,  that  the  Great  Seal  of  England 
should  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  Lords 
Commissioners."  Indeed,  there  is  a 
flippancy  of  style,  and  a  frequent  re- 
petition of  the  author's  doubt  of  inac- 


earlier  period." — II.  p.  13,  "  unless 
the  memory  of  what  I  have  read  in  one 
of  your  publications  is  erroneous." — 
16,  "  as  I  have  somewhere  read." — 
18-19,  "according  to  the  traditions 
that  have  reached  me." — 21,  "  if  1 
recollect  right."  Nor  can  we  omit 
observing  that  the  writer  seems  to  have 
confounded  "  The  Great  Seal"  of  the 
Parliament,  with  that,  of  King 
Charles  I. :  the  former  had  been  in 
commission  from  the  time  when  it  was 
made,  in  1643,  and  it  is  not  right  to 
speak  of  it  "  as  having  passed  through 
various  hands"  until  1646,  when  the 
Karl  of  Kent  and  others  were  ap- 
pointed its  keepers. 


8 


A  Grammatical  Sketch  of  the  Greek 
Language.  By  R.  G.  Latham,  B.A. 
Fellow  of  King's  college,  Camb. 

THIS  little  book  is  an  ingenious  at- 
tempt to  reduce  the  Greek  language  to 
the  orthography  of  an  universal  alpha- 
bet. The  following  extract  will  show 
best  the  grounds  on  which  Mr.  Latham 
has  formed  his  experiment.  It  will 
show  also  that  he  would  reform  the 
orthography  of  our  own  language,  in 
the  manner  which  he  has  set  forth 
in  another  tract,  an  "  Address  to 
Authors  of  England  and  America,  on 
the  Necessity  and  Practicability  of  per- 
manently  remodelling  the  English  Alpha-, 
bet  and  Orthography."  The  adoption 
of  this  new  fashioned  orthography, 
we  consider  a  defect  in  the  present 
book,  which  otherwise  contains  many 
clear  and  profound  observations  on 
the  Greek  language,  and  which  on 


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Kbtiiw. — Ingram's  Memorial*  of  Oxford. 


169 


that  account  deserves  well  to  be  known. 

The  extract  to  which  we  have  alluded, 
runs,  thus  (p.  67.)  We  have  printed 
it  in  Mr.  Latham's  orthography. 

"  Whosoever  looks  upon  the  present 
work  as  an  attempt  to  supplant  an  old  by 
a  new  orthography,  or  indeed  as  any- 
thing whatever,  save  and  ekseept  an  eks- 
periment  upon  an  alfabet,  akkuses  the 
author  of  more  presumption  than  he 
would  willingly  take  kredit  for ;  and  ra- 
ther than  an  ckspcriment  in  and  of  itself, 
h  is  one  of  a  series  of  eksperiments  upon 
the  following  kwestion  : — /*  Mere,  or  is 
there  no/,  aught  to  very  kabalistik,  to  ta- 
htmanik,  in  the  form  of  a\fabetikal  kha- 
raktert,  that,  tupposing  any  given  arti~ 
foliation  or  sound  to  be  represent  able  in 
one  lanr/uage  by  a  given  sign  or  letter, 
it  it  not  equally  representable  by  that 
tame  sign  or  letter  m  another  language  T 
Thus,  supposing  the  sound  of  the  b  as  in 
bat,  to  be  ekspressible  by  b  as  in  English, 
ts  it  not  equally  ekspress'ible  by  the  same 
letter  in  Greek,  or  any  other  language  ? 
Grant  once,  that  a  simple  single  sign  may 
represent  a  simple  single  sound  in  one 
language  as  well  as  another,  and  there  is 
no  alfabet  in  the  world  which  may  not  be 
transcribed  into  Roman  letters,  as  far  as 
the  letters  of  the  two  alfabets  (correspond 
in  power,  and  by  new  signs  adapted  to  the 
genius  of  the  Roman  alfabet  when  they 
do  not  korrespond.    *   *   •    The  pre- 
sent work  then  is  an  eksperiment,  not 
upon  the  possibility  of  persuading  people 
to  relinquish  a  familiar  for  an  unfamiliar 
mode  of  writing,  but  one  upon  the  eks- 
tent  of  the  necessity  of  using  two  eigne 
for  one  sound  in  the  abstrakt. 


Mmorialt  of  Oxford,  Not.  23  to  32. 

SINCE  our  last  review,  ten  more 
numbers  have  appeared,  and  it  is  but 
jnst  to  add  that  the  work  keeps  up  the 
high  character  which  the  early  por- 
tions led  the  subscribers  to  expect. 
The  numbers  now  before  us  comprise 
accounts  of  All  Souls,  Brazenose, 
Corpus  Christi,  and  Exeter  Colleges ; 
the  Observatory  and  Museum,  the 
Castle  and  Town  Hall,  the  Radcliffe 
Library,  and  the  parishes  of  Holywell, 
St.  Clement's,  St.  Martin's,  and  St. 
Peter  le  Bailey. 

Alt  Souls,  the  magnificent  founda- 
tion of  Archbishop  Chichele,  ranks 
high  among  the  buildings  of  the  Uni- 
versity ;  a  larger  portion  of  the  work 
is  in  consequence  allowed  to  it,  in 
common  with  the  more  important  of 
the  Colleges.    It  is  illustrated  by  four 

Gekt.  Mas.  Vol.  IV. 


engravings  and  four  wood-cuts.  The 
singularity  of  the  modern  part  of  its 
architecture  is  worthy  of  attention; 
the  fanciful  towers  of  Hawksmoor  are 
by  no  means  deficient  in  beauty.  The 
Cloister,  finished  about  1734  from  the 
designs  of  the  same  architect,  is  shewn 
in  one  of  the  plates  ;  its  exterior  fea- 
tures appearing  in  one  of  the  views  of 
Radcliffe  Library :  the  columns  are 
Doric,  and  the  Italian  architecture 
prevails,  but  the  simple  groined  ceiling, 
the  piers,  and  the  attached  semi- 
columns,  give  it  more  the  air  of  an 
early  Norman  or  Lombard  ic  work, 
than  that  of  a  building  erected  in  the 
eighteenth  century. 

The  Obtervatory  is  an  extensive  mo- 
dern building ;  its  predecessor  was  a 
very  humble  structure,  more  resem- 
bling a  pigeon  house  upon  a  garret. 
The  two  edifices  may  fairly  enough 
represent  the  state  of  the  science  at 
the  respective  periods  of  their  con- 
struction. 

A  good  account  of  the  ancient  Cat- 
tle is  given,  with  vignettes  of  its  re- 
mains, and  a  view  of  the  modern 
Gaol  on  its  site.  The  engraving  of 
the  Town  Hall  which  accompanies  it, 
is  almost  too  good  for  the  subject. 

The  Radcliffe  Library  is  well  known 
to  architectural  readers  from  the  pub- 
lication ofGibbs'  designs.  The  peculiar 
effect  which  Messrs  Mackenzie  and 
Le  Keux  succeed  in  giving  to  their 
representations  of  buildings,  is  finely 
employed  in  this  instance,  in  setting 
forth  the  beauties  of  this  fine  dome. 
However  much  the  exterior  may  re- 
mind the  spectator  of  St.  Paul's  Cathe- 
dral, still  there  is  considerable  origin- 
ality and  taste  displayed  in  the  design. 
A  cupola  formed  after  the  modern 
Italian  model,  can  scarcely  be  ex- 
pected to  possess  any  very  novel  fea- 
tures. The  design  had  been  absolutely 
exhausted  before  Gibbs  raised  this 
structure.  A  cupola  on  a  large  scale 
will  always  be  a  grand  feature  in  every 
view  of  a  city ;  and,  among  the  public 
buildings  of  Oxford,  the  Radcliffe 
dome  will  ever  rank  as  one  of  the 
finest.  The  view  of  the  exterior  em- 
braces a  part  of  All  Souls,  and  shews 
in  addition  the  elegant  spire  of  St. 
Mary's. 

Brazenose  has  a  chapel  of  the 
mixed  Gothic  and  Italian  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  The  ceiling  is,  not- 


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1 70  Review.— Ingram's  Memorials  of  Oxford.  [Aug. 


withstanding  this  admixture,  a  very 
respectable  specimen  of  Fan- work, 
resembling  the  roof  of  the  Cathedral. 
This  College,  with  Corpus  Christi  and 
Exeter,  are  the  remaining  structures 
described  in  the  numbers  already  pub- 
lished ;  their  architectural  features 
have  received  equal  justice  with  those 
which  have  previously  appeared.  One 
of  the  engravings  represents  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  Exeter  College  as  it  ap- 
peared on  the  completion  of  the  recent 
alterations  in  the  design.  The  gate- 
way has  been  rebuilt  four  times  in  as 
many  centuries. 

The  numbers  which  comprise  the 
parishes  are  not  the  least  interesting 
portions  of  the  work ;  many  remark- 
able and  interesting  objects,  which  are 
less  known  than  the  Colleges,  are 
there  called  into  notice  from  compara- 
tivc  obscurity.  Holywell  Church  is  a 
respectable  ancient  building,  marked 
with  a  solemnity  of  character  which 
is  aided  by  the  very  neat  and  pleasing 
church  gate.  A  vignette  is  given  of 
Seal's  Coffee  House,  remarkable  as 
having  been  built  by  Sir  John  Van- 
burgh,  and  it  preserves,  though  on  a 
small  scale,  the  peculiar  features  of 
the  work  cf  this  architect,  heavy,  but 
in  all  cases  grand  and  effective. 

St.  Clement's  Church  is  modern,  a 
Norman  design,  the  plan  by  Mr.  Ro- 
bertson. The  Old  Church,  shown  in 
a  vignette,  though  an  extremely  hum- 
ble building,  had  a  splendid  east  win- 
dow. Every  parish  church  in  Oxford 
appears  to  have  been  distinguished  by 
some  excellency  ;  •  it  is  lamentable  to 
witness  the  rage  for  building  new 
churches  reducing  their  number.  The 
modern  church  is  represented  in  an 
engraving  in  which  a  river  with  a  boat 
and  some  anglers  form  the  most  pro- 
minent features  :  the  church  is  in  the 
back-ground,  perhaps  it  is  as  well 
that  it  is.  One  of  Mr.  Smith's  best 
wood-cuts  represents  "  Joe  Pullen's 
Tree,"  immortalized  in  the  Reform 
Act.  It  is  situated  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Clement's. 

St.  Martin's  or  Carfax  Church  is 
another  modern  structure,  the  ap- 
pearance of  which  makes  the  spectator 

•  Many  views  of  the  Parish  Churches 
in  Oxford  have  appeared  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  from  the  elegant  and 
faithful  pencil  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Buckler. 


regret  the  loss  of  the  old  on-  a  vig- 
nette of  this  edifice,  with  a  Ioxg  porch 
or  portico  attached  to  it,  is  given  with 
the  following  observations  on  one  of 
the  many  singular  localities  in  the 
University. 

44  Attached  to  the  east  end  of  the  Old 
Church  was  Pennyless  Bench,  chiefly 
known  to  modern  readers  by  T.  Warton'a 
humourous  description  of  it  in  his  4  Com- 
panion  to  the  Guide,  and  Guide  to  the 
Companion/  but  Wood  informs  us,  4  that 
here  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren  met  oc- 
casionally on  public  affairs,'  probably 
when  proclamations  were  to  be  read. 
This  bench  is  mentioned  in  the  parish 
accounts  in  the  37th  Henry  VIII.  and 
was  then  either  first  erected,  or  entirely 
rebuilt ;  it  was  again  rebuilt  with  a  shed 
over  it  supported  on  stone  pillars,  which 
were  afterwards  removed,  and  a  sort  of 
alcove  substituted  for  them.  In  1747  it 
was  represented  to  the  City  Council  that 
4  the  Old  Butter  Bench,  otherwise  Pen- 
nyless Bench,  was  a  great  nuisance,  being 
a  harbour  for  idle  and  disorderly  people  :l 
and  it  was  then  ordered  to  be  immediately 
taken  down.  The  site  of  it  continues  to 
be  a  favourite  loitering  place  to  this  day, 
and  it  is  still  the  custom  for  labourers 
out  of  employment  to  wait  about  this 
spot  for  the  chance  of  being  hired." 

St.  Peter's  in  the  Bailey  is  an  un- 
sightly church,  built  in  1740,  an  in- 
auspicious period  in  the  history  of 
church  architecture.  A  vignette  re- 
presents the  present  appearance  of 
White  Hall,  a  structure  of  considerable 
antiquity  still  existing  in  this  parish, 
and  one  of  a  numerous  class  of  build- 
ings formerly  existing  in  the  Univer- 
sity. Skelton  has  engraved  a  drawing 
of  the  hall  as  a  place  no  longer  in  ex- 
istence, a  blunder  he  was  led  into  by- 
seeking  for  it  in  the  other  parish  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Peter. 


Notices  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  other 
Places  mentioned  in  Scripture,  By 
the  Rev.  Spence  Hardy. 

THE  writer  is  a  Wesleyan  mission- 
ary, who  left  Ceylon  to  return  to  Eng- 
land by  the  overland  passage,  and  who 
has  given  in  this  little  volume  the 
fruits  of  his  journal.  It  is  written  as 
a  plain  narrative  of  facts,  and  does 
credit  to  the  author's  observation  as 
well  as  to  his  feelings.  The  countries 
through  which  he  passed,  and  the 
scenes  he  viewed,  were  of  the  highest 


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Ricvibw.— Hardy's  Notices  of  the  Holy  Land.  j  j\ 

"*S0m         f*1*0!  °f  ^"f °ah    Arabic'    The  C°Pta  ^  Christiana,  and 
and  th^  House  of  Joseph,  to  Athens    are  supposed  to  be  descendants  of  the  an- 

Uve  Lye  of  Greece,"  and  the  glories  c,er»t  Egyptians,  though  there  is  little  re- 
of  imperial  Rome.  At  p.  81  the  semblance  in  their  features  to  the  ancient 
author  says,  statues.    Their  population  is  stated  at 

„  ~~    ,  .  .     .         ,  ,  t       160,000,  but  I  should  think  this  number 

The  tale  has  been  often  repeated  that  is  below  the  truth.    The  Fellahs  are  mid 

the  Sepoy  who  joined  the  British  army  to  amount  to  2,250,000,  and  the  Bedouinii 

in  the  war  against  Napoleon,  performed  to  180,000:  they  are  all  Mussulman, 

taeir  devotions  in  the  temple  of  Dende-  The  Turks  are  the  rulers  of  the  people 

rah,  as  if  they  had  taken  it  for  one  of  the  Copts  are  the  secretaries  of  govern' 

their  own  places  of  worship.    The  anec-  ment ;  the  Jews  are  mercers  •  Syrians 

dote,  perhaps,  rests  upon  too  strong  proof  Greeks,  and  some  of  the  Copts'  are  mer ' 

to  be  questioned ;  but  it  is  contrary  to  chants  ;  the  Fellahs  constitute  the  r-ca 

the  known  custom  of  the  Hindoos.    They  santry;  the  Bedouins  wander  in  the  de 

do  not  acknowledge  a  place  that  has  once  sert ;  and  the  Berberries  and  other  blacks 

been  desecrated;  and  the  wonderful  Cave-  are  household  slaves." 
temples,  near  Bombay,  have  no  attendant        A  ft 

priesthood,  and  scarcely  a  single  worship.  .  A    ,  describmg  the  topography  of 

per.    I  did  not  discover  so  much  simi-  Jen,salem,  and  questioning  the  truth 

laxity  between  the  Braminical  temples,  of  tDe  various  places  now  shown  as 

and  the  Egyptian,  as  to  prove  an  identity  the  scenes  of  the  most  affecting  and 

of  religion,  though  I  must  confess  that  I  awful  occurrences  in  Sacred  History 

am  not  deeply  versed  in  either  supersti-  Mr.  Hardy  very  judiciously  and  wisely 

turn,  being  most  conversant  with  Budd-  adds  :— -  * 
hiam.    The  most  prominent  examples  I 

were  the  Lingam,  the  Lotus,  It  would  be  a  work  of  no  mean  ser- 


 0  1  ""t  .                                     .                                 "    — *                                       Oi  l  - 

and  the  Hanshaga,  or  King  of  birds.  vice  to  Christianity  could  it  be  proved 

The  symbol  of  the  Phallus  is  exhibited  fha*       monks  and  pilgrims  are  utterly 

in  many  places,  particularly  at  Karnac,  in  error  5  a"d  >t  is  well  the  sacrednesg  of 

and  its  popularity  in  India,  as  the  com-  the  Placea        be  called  in  question  by 

mon  form  of  an  idol,  I  need  not  repeat.  aHruments  so  powerful  as  those  within  our 

Io  history  a  few  more  particulars  maybe  re°ch.     They  have  ministered  to  folly, 

mentioned,  such  as  the  use  of  brazen  8aperstition,  and  actual  crime.  Whilst 

vessels  cleaned  every  day  :  the  shaving  of  t,,ev  navc  promised  a  plenary  forgiveness 

eTery  part  of  the  body  by  the  priesthood  :  of  sin* .they  have  added  to  that  sin,  ren- 

their  confinement  to  one  mode  of  dress :  dered  its  stain  deeper,  and  its  punishment 

their  frequent  ablutions  :  their  veneration  more  Bcvere  !  and  whilst  they  have  pro- 

for  cows,  and  their  abhorrence  for  swine.  f«ssed  to  magnify  the  death  and  passion 

These  observances,  common  to  both  re-  of  our  Lord,  they  have  taken  from  them 

ligions,  may  prove  that  they  derived  their  their  Powrer,  by  substituting  a  personal 

origin  from  one  source,  but  were  differ-  Vlslt  to  the  supposed  Calvary,  in  place  of 

ently  modified  to  meet  the  different  cir-  an  application  by  faith  to  the  Son  of  God 

camstances.      The    simplicity    of   the  in  heaven.     It  was  in  mercy  that  the 

Egyptian  architecture    may  argue    its  tomb  of  Moses  was  hidden  from  the 

roperior  antiquity.    To  express  power,  knowledge  of  the  Jews,  and  it  has  been 

the  Deity  was  formed  in  colossal  propor-  in  eo.ual  mercy  that  the  exact  situation 

tioas,  and  the  Hindoos  used  the  same  of  the  tomb  of  Jesus  has  been  hid  from 

method  for  the  same  purpose ;  but  in  the  knowlcdge  of  the  Church,  as  it  has 

addition  gave  to  the  idol  a  multitude  of  been  thus  saved  from  the  desecration  of  the 

arms,  an  idea  which  was  probably  in-  thousand  sins  that  have  been  committed 

tended  to  be  a  refinement  upon  the  African  under  the  sanctity  of  its  holy  name." 

jwage.   The  thought  might  be  extended,  We  shall  o-Jvp  n»« 

but  the  controversy  cannot  be  entered  w„r!       L  *Ta    r     ^  1U0t,at,0I» 

into  within  the  narrow  limits  to  which  ?  J ,   ?    C  coac'ude>  from  our  author's 

these  observations  are  confined."  reflexions  on  the  scenes  yet  sanctified 

.  in  the  hearts  of  believers,  though  de- 

Of  the  population  of  Egypt,  he  says,  spoiled  of  all  their  outward  beauty 

(p*  90)  * 

(|  "  The  site  of  Jerusalem  is  peculiarly 

The  people  of  Egypt  are  divided  adapted  to  have  appeared  in  beAuty,  when 

mto  Copts,  Arab  Fellahs,  and  Bedouin  its  hills  were  terraced  after  the  manner  of 

Arabs.   There  are  also  living  among  them  the  East,  and  were  verdant  with  the 

many  Turks,  Jews,  Greeks,  Syrians,  Ar-  olive,  the  fig-tree,  and  the  vine  :  but  that 

tetnian s,  and  Berberries  and  other  blacks,  which  was  then  its  beauty,  now  adds  to 

The  language  at  present  spoken  is  the  its  deformity,  and  the  bare  and  blasted 


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173  Review.— Mrs.  Loudon'i 

rocks  seem  to  say,  that  God  iu  his  anger 
has  passed  by,  and  cursed  the  city  for  its 
sins.  There  are  rocks,  but  they  have  no 
sublimity  ;  hills,  but  they  have  no  beauty  ; 
fields  and  gardens,  but  they  have  no  rich- 
ness ;  valleys,  but  they  have  no  fertility ; 
a  distant  sea,  but  it  is  the  Dead  Sea.  No 
sound  is  now  heard,  but  that  of  the  pass- 
ing wind,  where  the  audible  voice  of  Je- 
hovah once  spoke  in  thunder ;  the  sky  is 
now  cloudless  and  serene,  where  the 
angel  of  the  Lord  was  once  seen  in  glory ; 
the  paths  are  now  deserted,  where  the 
tribes  once  approached  from  the  most 
distant  parts  to  the  festivals  of  the  temple, 
the  old  man  and  the  venerable  matron, 
and  the  beloved  son  and  the  beautiful 
daughter,  weeping  for  very  gladness  as 
they  came.  And  in  that  city,  where  once 
was  the  monarch,  his  brow  encircled  with 
the  golden  diadem,  and  in  his  train  the 
noble  and  the  wise,  there  is  now  no 
higher  power  than  a  delegated  governor, 
and  its  own  people  are  the  most  despised 
of  men." 


Philanthropic  Economy,  or  the  Philo- 
sophy of  Happiness,  By  Mrs.  Lou- 
don, of  No.  3,  Clarendon  Place, 
Clarendon  Square,  Leamington  Spa, 
Warwickshire. 

Mrs.  LOUDON,  while  drinking  the 
Leamington  waters,  amused  ^her  lei- 
sure hours  with  the  favourite  and 
fashionable  study  of  Political  Eco- 
nomy; and  in  these  pages  she  has 
concentrated  the  results  of  her  reading 
and  her  meditation.  The  book  is  de- 
dicated, virtually,  to  a  very  few  of  her 
select  friends,  who  indeed  are  the  only 
persons  who  can  challenge  a  right  to 
the  title  which  she  demands.  "  To 
every  human  being  on  whom  God  has 
bestowed  the  gift  of  Reason,  this 
earnest  appeal  to  reason,  to  justice,  to 
honesty,  to  pure  morality  enforced  by 
sacred  obligation,  to  every  noble  sym- 
pathy of  humanity,  is,  with  ardent 
feelings  of  good  will  to  all,  inscribed 
by  the  authoress,"  &c.  The  mottoes 
of  the  title-page,  she  says,  have  been 
selected,  because  from  their  considera- 
tion, connectedly,  the  unavoidable  in- 
ference follows,  that  if  we  would  obey 
the  commandment,  "  to  love  one 
another,"  we  must  not  tax  the  "  neces- 
saries of  life."  Oar  readers  will 
doubtless  be  anxious  to  know  what 
these  twin-texts  are,  which  prohibit 
monopolies,  put  down  smuggling,  and 
advocate  the  cause  of  fret  trade  in  every 


Philanthropic  Economy.  [Augf. 

thing,  and  all  over  the  world.  They 
are  as  follows : — "  A  new  command- 
ment I  give  unto  you,  that  ye  love  one 
another." — St.  John,  ch.  xiit.  v.  34. 
"  Taxes  upon  the  necessaries  of  life 
have  nearly  the  same  effect  upon  the 
circumstances  of  the  people,  as  a  poor 
soilanda  bad  climate." — Adam  Smith, 
Wealth  of  Nations.    From  the  callida 
junctura  which  binds  these  quotations 
together,  Mrs.  Loudon's  treatise  arises, 
and  she  deduces  the  conclusion  that  the 
Corn  Laws  ought  to  be  abolished,  being 
contrary  to  the  designs  of  God,  and 
the  doctrines  of  Smith.    We  must  beg 
leave  to  pass  over  the  first  sixty  pages 
on  the  Philosophy  of  Happiness,  as  it  is 
written  in  language  beyond  our  humble 
comprehension,  being  certain  that  we 
can  never  comply  with  the  demand  of 
the  learned  authoress,  that  "  it  is  ne- 
cessary for  every  member  of  the  whole 
family  of  man  to  comprehend  the 
tendency  of  every  institution  which 
forms  any  portion  of  the  system  under 
which  he  lives,  as  well  as  the  funda- 
mental distinction  between  bad  and 
good  government."   Verily,  a  task  like 
this  would  leave  us  very  little  time  for 
reading  Mrs.  Loudon's  future  valuable 
publications,  and  we  will,  therefore, 
contentedly  take  our  knowledge  of 
such  subjects  from  her  at  second-hand ; 
being  convinced,  that  we  are  safe 
under  the  guidance  of  her  moderation, 
knowledge,   and  practical  wisdom. 
For  instance,  we  at  once  learn  from 
her  the  evil  tendency  of  one  most  im- 
portant institution,  and  we  feci  how 
sagaciously  and  truly  she  has  dis- 
cerned and  exposed  its  weakness. 
"  How  much  (she  says)  have  they  to 
answer  for,  (the  self-styled  holy)  who 
by  their  love  of  worldly  gain,  and 
worldly  pomp,  have  brought  all  that  is 
holy,  just,  and  true,  with  too  many 
into  absolute  disrepute : — (that  is,  the 
Clergy  of  the  Church  of  England  have 
made  people  bate  justice,  truth,  and 
holiness,  changed  the  Church  of  good 
will,  into  the  Church  of  Rath  cor  mac, 
and  reduced  all  the  law  and  the  Pro- 
phets to  two  new  commandments. 
"  Pay  the  great  tithe,  and  pay  the 
lesser  tithe.")    Having  thus  gained 
fromMiatress  Loudon,  a  correct  opto  ion 
of  the  Church,  we  cheerfully  advance 
with  her  in  her  scrutiny  into  the  State, 
feeling  assured  that,  however  bitter 
and  spiteful  her  language  may  be 


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1835.1       Rkvibt*.— Mrs.  Loudone  Philanthropic  Economy.  173 


against  clergymen   and  gentlemen  of 
landed  property,  she  still  preserves 
the  spirit  of  her  motto,  and  loves  them 
is  her  heart.    By  the  help  of  Sunday 
Newspapers,  Penny  Magazines,  the 
Edinburgh  Review,   the  Spectators, 
Key  to  Political  Knowledge,  assisted 
by  a  Pamphlet  or  two  of  Colonel  Tor- 
rens.  Mistress  Loudon  has  brought 
forward  once  more  in  grim  and  for- 
midable array,  all  the  well-known  ar- 
guments in  favour  of  free  trade  in 
corn ;  which  she  has  seasoned  with  a 
little  spice  and  curry  of  her  own.  She 
accordingly  informs  us  that  at  some  fu- 
ture day,  it  will  be  held  a  disgrace  of  the 
deepest  dye,  to  be  descended  from  any 
one  who  supported  the  Corn  Laws ; 
as  from  Lord  Liverpool,  Lord  Gren- 
ville,  Mr.  Canning,  Sir  R.  Peel,  or 
Lord  Althorpe,  and  such  persons. 
"  Oh!  the  time  will  come  some  ge- 
nerations hence,  perhaps,  when  an 
Englishman's  greatest  anxiety  will  be 
to  prove  that  he  is  not  descended  from 
any  of  those  whose  names  will  then 
appear  marked  with  obloquy  on  the 
pages  of  history,  as  having  in  the 
great  assembly  of  Legislators  lifted  up 
their  voices,  and  in  the  presence  of 
their  Maker,  and  the  nation,  uttered 
6ophisms,  with  a  view  to  gaining  over 
a  majority  of  the  unwary,  the  unin- 
formed, and  the  unprincipled  to  join 
them  in  trampling  upon  those  rights 
which  they  one  and  all  undertake  to 
protect."    We  must  reluctantly  pass 
over  a  great  portion  of  Mistress  Lou- 
don's volume,  not  only  because  we  are 
much  pressed  for  time,  but  because 
the  arguments  she  advances  may  be 
found  much  more  clearly  stated  by 
Colonel  Torrens  and  others ;  except 
indeed,  that  we  do  not  recollect  that 
the  Colonel  goes  quite  so  far  as  the 
lady,  who  says  that  her  leading  Prin- 
ciple of  Love,  includes  not  only  a  total 
and  immediate  repeal  of  the  Corn 
Laws,  and  of  all  restrictions  on  the 
importations  of  live  cattle,  salt  meat, 
butter,  cheese,  and  all  other  first  ne- 
cessaries and  raw  materials,  and  a 
commutation  of  every  other  tax,  direct, 
or  indirect,  but  also  the  discontinu- 
ance of  every  species  of  monopoly, 
protection,  custom,  duty,  bounty,  pub  - 
lie  or  private  corporation'  privilege, 
or  partial  interference  of  any  kind, 
*e.  The  effect  of  this  would  be  tmi- 
venal  prosperity  and  happiness.  The 


King's  Bench  and  Criminal  Courts 
would  become  empty  and  useless, 
the  sanguinary  part  of  our  Penal  Code 
might  be  dispensed  with,  and  what 
remained  become,  with  the  blessing  of 
God,  a  dead  letter: — the  labourer 
would  rise  to  a  sort  of  voluntarily- 
industrious  gentleman.  What  was  to 
become  of  the  farmer  is  not  said,  but 
we  believe  he  is  to  be  sent  to  Man- 
cheater  or  Leeds ;  and  for  the  land- 
lord, whose  rent  has  entirely  ceased, 
and  whose  land  is  entirely  uncultivated, 
a  new  and  bright  prospect  now  opens 
before  him  ;  for  he  is  told  to  cover  his 
estate  with  small  tenements,  for  which 
speculators  will  be  ready  to  give  him  a 
price  !  ! 

Oh  !  fortunatos  nimium,  Buasibonanorint 
Agricolas  ! 

Had  the  landlord  this  knowledge  of 
his  own  good,  be  would  not,  good 
easy  man  !  grumble  at  being  told  that 
he  is  to  cover  his  estate  with  houses, 
when,  from  his  rents  having  ceased,  he 
has  not  a  farthing  to  lay  out ;  but 
nevermind.    "  Landlords,"  he  is  told, 
will  have  nothing  to  complain  of, 
for  land,  at  least,  would  be  sufficiently 
valuable ;  even  the  wretched  clay  soils, 
so  muffh  and  so  greatly  complained  of 
for  cultivation,  would  do  to  build  great 
Manufacturing  Towns  upon,  and  \f  the 
clay,  in  such  cases,  happened  to  be  brick 
clay,  so  much  the  better."    This  is  all 
very  consolatory  no  doubt,  and  will 
refresh  the  spirits  of  the  landowners 
exceedingly  ;  but  prosperity  may  be 
dangerous  even  from  its  excess.  The 
tide  of  opulence  seems  flowing  in 
faster   than   its   waters   can  diffuse 
themselves.    From  the  abolition  of  the 
Corn  Laws,  and  most  other  laws,  the 
population  has  so  increased,  "  as  that 
the  possession  of  a  small  portion  of 
ornamental   pleasure  ground  should 
conferdistinction,  and  fresh  vegetables, 
fresh  fruits,  &c,  become  what  hot- 
house grapes  and  pines  are  now,  the 
fare  only  of  the  very  rich :"  it  is  owned 
"  that  such  an  excess  of  competition 
would  be  far  from  desirable  ;"  yet  it  is 
added,  "On  a  more  moderate  view  of 
the  subject,  the  future  prospects  of 
landlords  will  be  splendid  beyond  de- 
scription.   He  would  let  a  part  of  his 
estate,  and  obtainbuilding  or  accommoda- 
tive price  for  it,  and  then  he  may  turn 
the  remainder  into  beautiful  parks  and 


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174  Revibtv.— Mrs.  Loudon's  Philanthropic  Economy.  [Aug. 


pleasure  grounds  for  his  own  gratifica- 
tion." But  lest  the  landlords  should 
be  too  dull  to  comprehend  with  exact- 
ness Mistress  Loudon's  reasoning  in 
their  favour,  she  is  obliging  enough, 
like  her  predecessors  Mrs.  Glass  and 
Mrs.  Rundell,  to  put  it  in  the  form 
of  a  recipe.  The  following  then,  she 
says,  is  a  recipe  for  making  one  acre 
of  land  produce  more  quarters  of 
wheat,  than  is  grown  on  the  greatest 
and  best  managed  farm  in  the  world ! 
— "  Abolish  the  Corn  Laws  ! — Then 
take  an  acre  of  ground  and  create 
upon  it  an  extensive  factory.  How 
many  quarters  of  wheat  will  these  im- 
mense sums,  (gained  by  the  factory) 
purchase  in  the  Amsterdam  or 
Havre  Market  ?  Or  in  Russia,  Ame- 
rica, or  Poland?  Let  the  money  be 
sent  to  any  of  these  places,  and  the 
quarters  of  wheat  be  brought  back  and 
laid  down  at  the  very  door  of  the  fac- 
tory." We  grant  this  reasoning  to  be 
irresistible,  and  the  whole  system  is 
brought  before  us  in  so  graphic  a  form, 
that  fatuity  itself  could  not  but  own 
its  success.  But  if  any  inconvenience 
(for  that  is  the  terra)  be  apprehended 
from  a/a//  of  rent,  the  allotment  sys- 
tem will  set  it  all  right :  a  system 
which  seems  to  possess,  like  the  magic 
lamp,  the  power  of  creating  itn- 
measureable  wealth.  Farmers,  it  is 
said,  cannot  afford  rent  for  good  land  ; 
but  a  poor  man  with  fourteen  children 
hired  three  acres  and  a  half  of  very 
poor  land,  at  50*.  improved  it,  paid 
10/.  rent,  and  realized  funds  to 
rebuild  his  house  and  purchase  the 
land?  A  stronger  instance  occurs. 
A  labourer  very  poor  and  destitute 
hired  one  acre  of  land  :  he  then 
purchased  nine  acres  from  his 
profits,  and  now  is  worth  1500/. 
Another  raises  four  tons  of  carrots  on 
a  quarter  of  an  acre,  which  would 
take  us  two  acres  to  effect.  Another 
who  rents  three  acres  of  land,  saves 
30/.  a  year.  This  is  Prosperity  with 
her  cornucopia  overflowing  :  and  then 
there  is  no  deduction  from  these  abun- 
dant profits,  for  the  authoress  says, 
"  as  to  taxation, — let  no  man  in  the 
Kingdom  be  taxed!!!"  This  looks 
well :  but  as  long  as  a  government 
exists  it  must  raise  money  to  pay 
its  expenses.  Mistress  Loudon  there- 
fore proposes  a  property  tax,  and  as 
the  likes  simplification,  she  takes  it 
in  this  clear  and  masterly  manner: 


50  millions  of  money  are  wanted ; 
you  have  25  millions  "of  population. 
Raise  25  millions  by  a  property-tax  ; 
then  by  a  poll-tax  lay  a  pound  a 
head  on  every  person,  which  will 
be  so  light  as  not  to  be  felt :  that  is, 
dukes,  commoners,  cobblers,  tinkers, 
thieves,  beggars,  prostitutes,  paupers, 
cripples,  boys,  girls,  prisoners  for 
debt,  and  inmates  of  workhouses  and 
madhouses,  will  all  easily  and  cheer- 
fully contribute  their  poll-tax  of  one 
pound  each,  and  the  revenue  is  se- 
cured. Then,  to  increase  the  civil  and 
social  rights,  the  law  of  primogeniture 
is  to  be  abolished,  because  the  younger 
sons  of  the  nobility  arc  all  cast,  like 
charity  children,  on  the  subscriptions 
of  the  public,  and  because  it  tends  to 
degrade  women.  Some  Commoners 
are  to  sit  in  the  House  of  Peers,  for 
the  purpose  of  instilling  more  liberal 
feelings  into  them,  and  breaking 
through  their  caste.  To  purify  the 
House  of  Commons,  members  are  to 
resiyn  at  the  will  of  their  constituents, 
and  then  there  "  would  be  no  more 
crowing  like  cocks,  braying  like  asses, 
or  yelling  like  savages  in  the  House, 
or  peals  of  laughter  during  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  distresses  of  the  labouring 
people."  The  tithes  would  be  returned 
to  the  poor,  from  whom  they  have 
been  unjustly  withheld;  and  the  cler- 
gyman should  have  no  more  than  was 
necessary  to  the  supply  of  his  simplest 
wants.  This,  uuited  to  the  ballot, 
and  a  complete  municipal  reform,  will 
effect  all  that  Mistress  Loudon  at  pre- 
sent considers  necessary  to  the  happi- 
ness of  the  nation.  Thus  has  she 
worked  out  her  principles,  and  shown 
that  the  precept  of '  Love  one  another ' 
of  the  Apostle,  evinces  itself  by  the 
abolition  of  corn  laws — the  increase  of 
manufactures — the  institution  of  a  pro- 
perty tax — the  destruction  of  tithes— 
the  abolition  of  the  privileges  of  nobi- 
lity— the  allotment  system— ballot — 
and  universal  suffrage". 


History  of  Hardwicke  Hall :  illustrated 
by  Plans,  Elevations,  and  Internal 
Views  of  the  Apartments,  from  ac- 
iual  measurement.  (Vitruviua  Bri- 
iannicus,  Part  III.)  By  P.  F.  Ro- 
binson, Architect,  F.S.A.  8fc.  8fc. 
Imperial  Folio. 

IT  is  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that 
we  welcome  a  new  Part  of  Mr.  Robin- 


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1835.] 

ion's  magnificent  work,  because  it 
forms  a  splendid  exception  to  the  ge- 
ceial  produce  of  an  age  of  cabinet  li- 
braries and  threepenny  prints.  We 
do  not  suppose  that  a  strict  architec- 
tural critic  would  decide  that  Hard- 
wick  Hall  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant subjects  that  could  be  selected 
for  the  Vitruvius  Britannicus  ;  but  we 
well  know  that  it  is  a  mansion  that 
has  long  been  celebrated  as  having  in- 
spired every  feeling  visitor  with  sen- 
sations of  highly  gratified  curiosity, 
and  the  liveliest  visions  of  the  past. 

This,  however,  has  arisen  from  its 
internal  decoration,  and  its  antique 
furniture,  rather  than  from  what  can 
be  properly  deemed  architecture. 

Its  external  features  are  indeed  re- 
markably plain,  the  grand  aim  of  the 
designer  having  been  general  loftiness, 
and  to  make  the  windows  as  large  as 
possible.    He  omitted  the  pilasters 
and  exuberance  of  carving  which  had 
characterized  his  immediate  predeces- 
sors of  the  Elizabethan  age  ;  and  con- 
fined his  ornaments  to  an  open  parapet 
pierced  with  scroll-work  and  the  fre- 
quently repeated  initials  of  E.  S.  be- 
neath a  Countess's  coronet.    The  Tu- 
dor windows  he  not  only  enlarged, 
but  so  much  elongated  as  to  make 
them  resemble,  both  from  their  shape 
and  from  the  position  of  their  rectan- 
gular raullions,  the  sash  windows  of 
more  recent  times. 

Besides  the  actual  c  .riosity  of  the 
apartments,  as  undisturbed  specimens 
of  antique  splendour,  a  factitious  inte- 
rest has  been  imparted  to  them,  as 
having  been  deemed   the  dwelling- 
place  and  prison  of  Mary  Queen  of 
Scotland.   Traditional  history,  though 
almost  always,  perhaps,  founded  on 
some  portion  of  truth,  is  seldom  accu- 
rate ;  and  cf  this  Hardwick  is  a  me- 
morable instance.    It  is  first  stated  to 
have  been  visited  by  Wolsey,  but  that 
visit  is  found  to  have  been  to  another 
Hardwick.    It  is  not  ascertained  that 
the  Scottish  Queen  was  even  a  casual 
visitor.    The  fact  is  that  the  present 
mansion  was  not  commenced  until 
1590,  that  is,  three  years  after  Mary's 
eiecution  ;  and  the  apartment  which 
now  goes  by  the  name  of  her  room, 
was  fitted  up  in  the  year  1599.    It  is 
troe,  however,  that  the  furniture  was 
hrought  from  Chatsworth,  where  Mary 
iojourned  during  several  summers  un- 


175 

der  the  custody  of  the  Earl  and  Coun- 
tess of  Shrewsbury,  and  a  carving  of 
the  arms  of  Scotland  sanctions  the 
idea  that  the  furniture  in  that  room  is 
actually  the  same  which  was  employed 
in  her  service. 

Elizabeth  Countess  of  Shrewsbury, 
the  founder  of  this  edifice,  is  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  characters  in  the 
whole  female  peerage.  Herself  an 
heiress,  she  was  the  wife  of  four  hus- 
bands, and  with  each  alliance  ad- 
vanced her  station  in  society.  Her 
sons  founded  the  two  families  of  Ca- 
vendish Duke  of  Devonshire,  and  Ca- 
vendish Duke  of  Newcastle.  She  raised 
three  splendid  houses,  Chatsworth, 
Oldcotcs,  and  this  of  Hardwick.  To 
this  her  paternal  inheritance,  she  re- 
turned in  her  last  widowhood,  and 
erected  the  mansion  which  forms  the 
subject  of  this  work,  apparently  as  a 
suite  of  apartments  for  her  own  dig- 
nified habitation  ;  for  the  house  is  not 
large,  and  the  old  mansion  was  pre- 
served for  the  family,  and  its  decayed 
walls  still  remain  at  a  short  distance. 
It  is  true  that,  in  point  of  magnifi- 
cence, this  palace  was  worthy  to  re- 
ceive a  Queen  ;  yet  from  the  memorials 
we  have  of  the  manners  of  the  age,  as 
well  as  of  the  personal  character  of  the 
foundress,  we  know  that  it  would  not 
be  deemed  too  stately  for  herself. 
Here,  then,  did  "  Bess  of  Hardwick," 
the  most  politic  and  aspiring  woman 
of  her  time,  sustain  the  dignity  of  a 
Countess  Dowager,  and  received  in  her 
presence  chamber,  as  a  provincial 
sovereign,  the  homage  of  the  surround- 
ing neighbourhood. 

On  the  principal  floor  towards  the 
entrance  front,  is  a  state  room  sixty- 
five  feet  long,  with  a  great  embayed 
recess ;  a  handsome  library,  nearly 
square  (32  ft.  by  38),  occupies  the  centre 
of  the  building ;  and  a  space  corre- 
sponding to  the  state-room  is  formed 
into  three  bed-rooms.  A  picture  gal- 
lery, 166  feet  in  length,  with  two 
large  bays,  occupies  the  whole  extent 
of  the  other  front.  , 

Jlound  these  apartments  the  carvings 
and  stucco-work,  the  tapestry,  the 
furniture,  and  the  pictures,  are  rich 
indeed.  In  the  views,  which  are  all 
drawn  and  engraved  by  Mr.  Henry 
Shaw,  F.S.A.  every  thing  is  made  out 
with  surprising  accuracy  and  minute- 
ness ;  as  might  well  be  expected  from 


Review.- Robinson's  Hardwivke  Hall. 


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176  Review. — Aoldjo'a 

that  gentleman's  previous  plates  in  his 
own  accurate  work  on  Ancient  Furni- 
ture. He  has  evidently  taken  a  pride 
and  a  pleasure  in  giving  every  article 
with  perfect  exactness,  and  we  have 
seldom  seen  interior  views  the  exami- 
nation of  which  so  closely  resembles 
being  at  the  place  itself. 

There  are  four  interior  views,  one 
exterior,  and  two  elevations,  a  plan, 
and  a  plate  of  the  singular  stucco 
frieze  which  runs  round  the  state 
room.  It  is  composed  of  trees,  nymphs, 
and  animals,  coloured  after  nature, 
something  in  the  fashion  of  prints  of 
Paradise  in  old  bibles,  or  the  African 
Glen  at  the  London  Colosseum. 

With  respect  to  the  accompanying 
letter-press,  we  regret  to  state  that  we 
cannot  speak  with  approbation.  We 
do  not  say  it  is  uninteresting,  for  it 
mostly  consists  of  very  interesting 
biography,  quoted  from  well  -  known 
works  ;  but  it  is  neither  scientific,  per- 
tinent, nor  well  arranged.  The  de- 
scriptive portion  is  principally  bor- 
rowed from  a  tour  by  the  novelist  Mrs. 
RadclifFe,  whose  remarks  are  alto- 
gether founded  on  the  misapprehen- 
sion respecting  Queen  Mary.  We 
should,  on  revision,  have  reduced  the 
thirty  pages  by  three  fourths,  and  thus 
have  saved  the  expenditure  of  much 
fine  printing  and  expensive  paper. 
After  it  had  been  shown  that  Mary  of 
Scotland  had  personally  nothing  to  do 
with  Hardwick,  why  enter  at  length 
into  her  well-known  history  ?  and  why 
quote  a  long  memoir  of  Lady  Arabella 
Stuart  from  so  common  a  book  as 
Lodge's  Illustrious  Portraits?  The 
only  biography  which  it  was  neces- 
sary to  enlarge  upon,  is  that  of  old 
Bess  of  Hardwick,  Countess  of  Shrews- 
bury, whose  name  is  identified  with 
the  spot,  and  whose  own  domain  it  is 
proclaimed  to  be  by  the  giant  letters 
which  stand  in  every  turret. 


Journal  of  a  Visit  to  Constantinople 
and  some  of  the  Greek  Islands,  in  the 
Summer  of  1833.  By  John  Auldjo, 
Esq.  F.G.S. 

MR.  AULDJO  is  a  very  gallant 
young  gentleman,  if  he  is  not  a  very 
instructive  or  scientific  traveller ;  and 
we  will  therefore  give  his  description 
of  a  Turkish  lady  whom  he  was  per- 
mitted to  behold  unveiled,  thanks  to 


Visit  to  Constantinople.  [Aug. 

the  increased  liberality  of  modern 
times. 

"  I  enjoyed  the  pleasure  of  being  in- 
troduced to  a  very  handsome  Turkish 
lady,  whom  Madame Guiscppino  purpose- 
ly invited  to  her  house,  in  order  to  give 
me  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  a  per  fect 
specimen  of  oriental  beauty.    After  * 
good  deal  of  persuasion,  she  allowed  me 
to  copy  her  profile.    Her  eyes  and  eye- 
lashes were  intensely  black,  though  I 
suspect  the  latter  were  stained  of  a  deeper 
dye  than  the  natural  one.    Her  com- 
plexion was  beautifully  fair,  with  the 
slightest  tint  of  carnation  suffused  over 
her  cheek.    Her  lips !  sweet  lips !  that 
make  us  even  sigh  to  see  such.  Her 
glossy  hair,  which  was  bound  with  a  Ka- 
lemkeir,  or  painted  handkerchief,  repre- 
senting a  whole  parterre  of  flowers,  fell 
in  loose  curls  upon  her  shoulders,  and 
down  her  back.    She  wore  a  short  black 
velvet  jacket,  embroidered  with  gold  lace, 
trousers  of  sky-blue  silk,  an  under  jacket 
of  pink  crape,  and  one  of  those  transpa- 
rent skirts  which  ravish  the  beholder,  and 
half  reveal  the  charms  they  fain  would 
hide.    A  magnificent  Persian  shawl  en- 
circled her  waist,  which  had  nature's  own 
form,  never  having  been  compressed  by 
the  cruel  bondage  of  stays.    Her  feet 
were  in  slippers,  and  two  or  three  ugly 
rings  deformed  her  white  and  slender 
fingers,  the  nails  of  which  were  dyed  with 
henna.    Around  her  neck  she  wore  a 
double  row  of  pearls,  from  which  hung 
an  amulet.    Her  skin  was  very  white  and 
beautiful,  the  constant  use  of  the  dry 
vapour  bath  having  reduced  it  to  a  fine- 
ness which  I  can  only  compare  to  finely 
polished  marble,  and  it  looked  as  glossy, 
and  as  cold.    She  was  well  pleased  with 
the  drawing  I  made  of  her ;  and  on  rising 
to  go  away  she  put  on  her  yellow  boots 
over  the  beautiful  white  foot  and  ankle, 
which  it  was  a  sin  to  conceal.  Then  don- 
ning her  yashmak  and  cloak,  she  bade  us 
adieu  with  a  grace  and  elegance  which 
few  English  ladies  could  equal.    It  was 
really  delightful  to  watch  the  elegant 
manner  in  which  this  young  and  lively 
creature  moved,  and  with  how  graceful 
yet  unstudied  attitude  she  accepted  the 
sweetmeats  I  presented  to  her.  Who 
would  wish  for  spoons,  or  forks,  or  knives, 
when  such  fair  hands  were  plunged  with 
yours  into  the  dish,  and  draw  forth  the 
contents  with  an  air  that  fills  one  with 
admiration  ?    So  soft,  so  gentle  is  the 
touch,  with  which  every  thing  is  handled, 
the  contact  being  effected  with  the  ex- 
treme tip  of  the  finger  alone,  that  it  re- 
minds you  of  the  half  resisting,  half  fear- 
ful, yet  graceful  motion  with  which  s 
well-bred  cat  dips  her  paw  into  the  water. 


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1833 •]                           Miscellaneous  Reviews.  177 

LZ^I  ^T^JS  h°lteSB  f°r  the  Sketches,  by  the  Author  of 

tioa  of  the  much  talked  of  and  far  famed  '  **" 

TarkUh  Udiea              >  „  .%              ^        ^  fa  ^ 

Mr.  Auldjo  s  account  of  the  Russian  the  schoolmen  call  the  '  causa  im- 

influence  at  C  >  stantinople,  and  of  pulsiva'  which  leads  to  the  multiplica- 

the  power  of  Count  Orloff,  is  worthy  tion  of  works  of  this  kind ;  but  if  they 

our  serious  attention,  though  we  have  amuse  the  leisure  hours  of  any  class 

do  fear  of  the  unwieldy  strength  of  of  readers,  or  represent  to  them  new 

that  overgrown  empire,  as  long  as  the  forms  and  modifications  of  many, 

other  nations  so  far  surpass  it,  as  they  coloured  life,  the  purpose  is  answered, 

do  at  present,  in  freedom,  civilization,  In  the  present  volume,  there  is  a 

and  knowledge.    The  motto  of  an  variety  of  Tales  and  small  Histories, 

English  statesman,  as  regards  the  po-  each  of  which  may  find  its  admirer, 

litics  of  Petersburg),  and  Constants  "  Ita  quae  non  prosunt  singula,  multa 

nople,  should  be— Watch  and  Wait.  juvant." 


The  Gipsy,  a  Tale,  by  the  Author  of  and  the  broken-hearted  debtor.    There  is 

Richelieu.  3  vols. — The  incidents  of  this  every  variety  of  character  which  can  bo 

tale  are  exceedingly  improbable ;  the  cha-  produced  in 

meters  such  as  rarely  occur;  and  the  London,  the  needy  villain's  general  home, 

process  and  developement  of  the  plot  too  Thc  common  sewer  of  Paris  and  of  Rome. 

aari  and  mysterious;  such  a  gipsy  as   

Pharold  never  perhaps  could  exist ;  such 

a  villain  as  Lord  Duory,  if  he  did,  should  Hector  Fieramosca  ,•  or,  the  Challenge 

be  forgotten.    These  are  the  two  prin-  of  the  Borletta,  by  the  Marquis  d'Axe- 

cipal  characters,  and  they  are  sketched,  glio.— The  author  of  this  tale  is  the  son- 

pspecially  the  former,  with  a  powerful  and  in-law  of  the  celebrated  Manxoni ;  the 

rigorous  hand.    Yet  we  can  hardly  say  work,  it  is  said,  may  have  had  a  few 

that  there  is  much  originality  in  them ;  master-strokes  given  to  it  by  the  poet's 

the  author  must  be  content  to  have  pro-  band  ;  at  any  rate,  it  has  become  justly 

fited  by  the  creations  which  have  been  popular,  has  been  translated  into  French, 

raised  by  his  predecessors.   Yet  notwith-  snd  is  an  interesting  tale  of  history  em- 


standing  these  defects,  the  work  is  far  beUished  by  fable.    The  account  of  the 

above  the  common  standard,  and  indeed  Challenge  of  the  Borletta  will  be  found  in 

often  approaches  a  high  degree  of  excel-  Roscoe's  Life  of  Leo  the  Xth. 
leuee.    The  scenes  are  pleasingly  and  — — 
elegantly  written;  many  observations  and       The  Sketch  Book  of  the  South.— This 

reflections  are  profound  and  apposite ;  volume  is  formed  of  eight  different  sto- 

many  beautiful  descriptions  occur,  and  ries,  of  which  the  journal  of  the  late 

some  skilful  developement  of  character  P.  L.  at  p.  93,  and  the  journal  of  the 

u  found.  We  only  wish  that  the  author  late  Countess  of  •  •  *  (three  stars),  are 

had  taken  a  more  familiar  ground  ;  and  the  most  interesting ;  but  the  whole  is 

that  the  excitement  caused  by  the  folly  of  written  with  a  poetic  feeling,  and  height, 

wmc,  and  the  crime  of  others,  had  arisen  ened  with  rich  and  fanciful  colouring. 


from  more  pleasurable  sources.  There  is  rather  a  lack  of  substance  in  the 
  work,  and  if  the  gay  feathers  were  plucked 

Scenes  and  Stories,  by  a  Clergyman  in  ^V™ 

DtbU  ifc.  3  vols.  1835.— If  the  scenes  rather  small.    The  first  tale  promised  a 

of  folly,  of  vice,  and  crime,  followed  by  ricAher  'eaat  t0  f?Uow  than  we  have 

their  sure  companions,  misery,  poverty  Amphora  caepit 

and  remorse,  which  are  here  displayed,  Institui,  currente  rota  cur  urceus  exit." 

»hould  alarm   the   timid,   awaken  the  "~ 

thoughtless,  or  restrain  the  dissolute,  a  The  Seaside  Companion;  or,  Marine. 

rood  and  sufficient  purpose  will  be  effected  Natural  History,  by  Mary  Roberts.— 

by  the,  perusal  of  the  volume.   Wretched  This  is  a  very  well-written  little  work, 

the  guilty  scenes  which  it  pour-  at  once  scientific  and  amusing.    The  his - 


friys;  there  is  the  seducer  and  his  vie-  tory  of  the  corals,  hydras,  and  sponges,  is 

titt,  the  sharper  and  his  prey,  the  rap  a-  neatly  and  accurately  given  ;  one  passage 

cioaj  usurer,  the  brutal  gaoler,  the  reck-  occurs  at  p.  41,  which  we  shall  extract 

ItM  ipendtbrift,  the  hardened  criminal,  because  of  the  truth  which  it  asserts  we 
Gfnt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  2  A 


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1?9 


Miscellaneous  Reviews.— Fine  Arts. 


[Aug. 


have  no  doubt.     44  The  reefs  of  coral 
which  have  been  raised  in  the  Dead  Sea 
on  the  east  of  Egypt,  and  the  sands  of 
the  desert  which  invade  it  on  the  west, 
concur  in  attesting  this  important  truth, 
that  our  continents  are  not  of  a  more 
remote  antiquity  than  hat  been  assigned 
to  them  by  the  sacred  historian  in  the 
book  of  Genesis,  from  the  great  avra  of 
the  Deluge;"  in  reference  to  which  Pro- 
fessor Jameson  has  remarked  :  "  That, 
as  in  civil  history,  records  are  consulted, 
medals  examined,  and  antique  inscrip- 
tions decyphered,  in  order  to  determine 
the  epoch  of  these  our  revolutions,  and 
to  verify  moral  events;   so  in  natural 
history,  we  must  search  the  archives  of 
the  world,  draw  from  the  bosom  of  the 
earth  monuments  of  former  times,  collect 
the  fragments  and  gather  into  one  body 
of  proof  all   the  indices  of  physical 
changes,  which  may  enable  us  to  retrace 
the  different  ages  of  nature." 


The  Wife ;  or,  Women  as  they  are,  a 
domestic  tale. — This  little  play  is  from 
a  female  hand  ;  it  is  written  in  a  familiar 
manner,  like  the  style  of  Lillo  ;  and  the 
pith  and  moral  of  it  lies  in  the  following 
concluding  lines : 

Ye  men  inconstant  who  arc  given  to  rove, 
And  seek  for  pleasures  in  unlawful  love, 
You  but  deceive  yourselves  in  your  own 
hurt, 

Forbear  in  time,  nor  vainly  search  for  that 
Which  Heaven,  never  intending, will  avert. 
Therefore  seek  not  to  alter  Fate's  decree, 
But  with  a  virtuous  wife  contented  be. 

To  which  we  shall  add,  to  conclude  with 
a  triplet : 

If  you've  a  little  child— you  will  be  three. 


Lectures  on  Jonah,  by  the  Rev.  W. 
Sibthorpc,  2d  ed.  With  a  New  Transla- 
tion.- -This  little  work  is  executed  with 


learning  and  care.  The  translation  U 
accurate,  and  not  wanting  in  elegance  : 
and  the  illustrations  are  such  as  their 
piety  will  recommend  to  all.  To  the 
Scriptural  student  the  volume  will  be 
eminently  useful. 

The  Captive,  a  tale  of  the  War  of 
Cuienne,  by  the  author  of  the  Pilgrim 
Brothers.  3  vols. 

Lightning  gleaming, 
Ladies'  maids  screaming. 
Chambers  haunted, 
Heroes  daunted, 
Barons  furious, 
Blasts  sulphureous, 
Midnight  tires, 
Knights  and  squires, 
Tabards,  argent,  azure,  gules, 
With  other  nets,  for  catching  fools, 
Many  a  rich  and  jewelled  casket, 
What  its  secret  ?— do  not  ask  it ; 
Saracens  flying  on  dragons  from  Delhi  %■ 
Such  is  the — nostri  farrago  libelli. 

Epitome  of  the  County  of  Warteickr 
by  Thomas  Sharp.  8vo. — This  is  a  com- 
pendious history  of  an  important  and  in- 
teresting midland  county,  with  which  w« 
have  been  much  pleased,  from  the  judg- 
ment and  good  sense  displayed  in  its 
compilation.    The  information  collected 
is  full  and  satisfactory  ;  yet  the  whole  ia 
brought  within  a  small  compass,  from  the 
absence  of  any  needless  digressions  or 
long  episodes.    No  subject  is  allowed  to 
run  riot  in  respect  of  space.    It  is  ar- 
ranged in  an  alphabet  of  the  parishes, 
while  other  heads  are  made  accessible  by 
a  copious  index.    Birmingham,  Coventry, 
Warwick,  Kenilworth,  Rugby,  and  Strat- 
ford afford  matter  of  general  interest :  and 
we  are  sure  the  volume  will  be  found  ac- 
acceptable  to  the  residents  in  the  county 
at  large,  as  well  as  to  the  visitors  of 
Leamington,  for  whose  use  it  was  imme- 
diately intended. 


FINE  ARTS. 


Graphic  Illustrations  of  the  Life  and 
Times  of  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D.  4to.  and 
large  8vo.  (Murray.) — Of  all  the  publica- 
tions in  illustration  of  the  standard 
aufhors,  this  promises  to  be  the  most 
interesting.  Each  part  is  to  contain  one 
landscape  illustration  of  the  actual  local- 
ities of  Johnson's  life,  two  portraits, 
and  two  autograph  letters.  Of  the  first 
Part  we  may  say,  Quorum  magna  pars — 
for  it  contains  a  portrait  of  Edward  Cave, 
in  theatrical  phrase,  "  the  original  Syl- 
van us  Urban  ;"  a  letter  of  his,  relating  to 
the   Magazine,  with  a  vignette  of  St. 


John's  Gate,  where  it  was  first  printed  ; 
and  a  remarkable  letter  of  Johnson  to 
Cave.    There  is  also  a  fac-simile  of  a 
letter  of  Mr.  Gilbert  Walmsley,  written 
to  introduce  Garrick  to  Mr.  Colson  of 
Rochester,  and  containing  this  remarkable 
passage:      He,  and  another  neighbour  of 
mine,   one  Mr.  Johnson,  set  out  this 
morning  for  London  together.  Davy 
Garrick  to  be  with  you  early  the  next 
week,  and  Mr.  Johnson  to  try  his  fate 
with  a  tragedy,  and  to  see  to  get  himrelf 
employed  in  some  translation,  either  from 
the  Latin  or  the  French.  Johnson  is  a  very 


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1835.^  Fine 

good  scholar  and  poet,  and  I  have  great 
hopes  wi\\  turn  out  a  fine  tragedy-writer." 
These  autograph  treasures  are  from  the 
collection  of  Mr.  Upcott.    The  other 
portrait  is   that   of  Michael  Johnson 
the  Lichfield  bookseller.  Dr.  Johnson's 
father,  whose  features,  now  for  the  first 
time  engraved,  certainly  bear  some  re- 
semblance to  those  of  his  son ;  and  the 
landscape  is  a  view  of  Lichfield,  drawn 
by  Stanfield,  from  across  the  lake.  We 
cannot  conceive  any  literary  curiosities 
of  gTeater  interest. 

Roscoe's  Wanderings  through  North 
Traits,  Parts  II.  — IV.  8vo.— The  moun- 
tains and  rivers,  the  castles  and  abbeys, 
of  North  Wales  form  the  materials  of 
these  beautiful  landscapes.  Mr.  D.  Cox 
shows  admirable  skill  in  the  figures  by 
which  his  views  are  enlivened.  Mr.  Rad- 
cliffe,  as  the  engraver,  executes  his  part 
with  great  beauty  and  evident  care.  Mr. 
Catterxnole's  historical  design  of  Richard 
II.  and  Boliagbroke,  is  sadly  erroneous  in 
eostume,  all  for  want  of  consulting  the 
illuminations  which  accompany  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Webb's  dissertation  in  the  Archseo- 
logis,  where  he  would  have  found  every 
thing  ready  to  his  hand. 


Gothic  Ornaments,  dratcn  from  exam- 
ples executed  in  the  improved  Papier 
Mdchi,  By  Charles  F.Bielefeld,  Modeller, 
4to.  Nine  plates. — The  merits  of  this  useful 
manufacture,  of  which  we  gave  some  ac- 
count in  the  article  accompanying  the 
view  of  the  Pantheon  Bazaar,  in  our  Ma- 
gazine for  January  last,  are  well  exhibited 
in  the  ornaments  of  the  present  tempor- 
ary House  of  Lords;  the  whole  of  the 
architectural  decorations  of  which,  in- 
cluding the  canopy  of  the  throne,  are  ex- 
ecuted in  Mr.  Bielefeld's  papier  machl. 
A  view  of  this  Hall  of  Assembly,  (which 
bids  fair  to  be  exceedingly  short-lived,) 
forms  the  frontispiece  to  this  brochure ; 
the  other  plates  shew  the  ornaments  at 
large,  together  with  a  very  elegant  design 
for  an  organ  canopy. 

Brit-ton's  Westminster  Palace,  Parts 
IV.— VII.— The  plates  published  in  this 
work  continue  to  possess  extraordinary 
interest,  presenting  many  beautiful  archi- 
tectural features,  in  combination  with  pic- 
turesque circumstances  derived  from  the 
late  catastrophe.  Some  plans  and  architec- 
tural sections  add  to  their  value. 


Stantield's    Coast   Scenery,  Parts 
I,  II.  8vo. — Another  work  is  here  com- 
menced for  the  employment  of  those  able 
artists  in  line  engraving,  which  the  Eng- 
liih  seriej  of  Annuals,  and  other  highly 


Ant.  1 79 

finished  miniature  plates,  have  contributed 
to  raise  to  so  high  a  standard  of  excel- 
lence. The  subject  of  Coast  Scenery  is 
one  which  affords  the  widest  scope  for 
the  talents  of  the  Painter,  in  exhibiting 
a  changeful  climate,  a  variety  of  atmos- 
pheric effects,  grand  natural  features,  with 
some  of  the  busiest  scenes  of  human 
life,  and  the  greatest  works  of  human  in- 
dustry. With  such  materials  the  abilities 
of  Stanfield  will  be  displayed  to  the  ut- 
most advantage.  The  subjects  will  not 
be  confined  to  the  British  coasts,  but  will 
extend  to  those  of  France  and  Germany, 
and  other  picturesque  portions  of  the  Eu- 
ropean'continent.  In  these  numbers  we 
have  St.  Michael's  Mount  in  Cornwall, 
St.  Michael's  Mount  in  Normandy,  Fal- 
mouth, the  Botallack  Mine  in  Cornwall, 
Dartmouth  (two  views),  St.  Malo,  and  an 
extensive  landscape  in  Brittany,  taken 
near  Dol. 


ROYAL  ACADEMY. — ARCHITECTURE. 

The  architectural  drawings,  still  crowd- 
ed into  the  Library,  and  still  obtruded 
upon  by  portraits  and  other  foreign  sub- 
jects, do  not  indicate  any  considerable 
improvement  in  the  science.  The  Archi- 
tecture of  every  country  being  influenced 
by  local  circumstances,  by  the  habits  and 
peculiarities  of  the  people,  we  do  not  ex- 
pect in  England  to  meet  a  structure 
marked  by  the  lightness  and  elegance  of 
our  volatile  neighbours,  the  French.  Our 
buildings  may  be  stamped  with  a  serious, 
and  even  heavy,  character;  we  may  lay 
weighty  load  on  the  earth ;  but,  still, 
there  is  no  reason  that  we  should  allow 
our  national  taste  to  degenerate  into 
plodding  and  dulness.  Sir  Christopher 
Wren  happily  combined  the  character- 
istics of  the  two  nations.  The  buildings 
of  Vanbnigh  and  his  school  are  heavy, 
but  full  of  grandeur;  their  merits  are  now 
better  understood  than  formerly ;  but  the 
Architecture  of  the  present  day  bears  no 
distinctive  character.  The  older  build- 
ings showed  the  impress  of  the  hand  of 
taste ;  those  of  the  present,  are  the  mere 
laboured  productions  of  the  mechanic; 
the  master-hand  of  the  architect  is  no 
where  apparent;  and  should  any  of  the 
works  of  this  age,  by  good  fortune,  reaoh 
to  another  generation,  it  will  be  imagined 
by  our  posterity  that  the  builder  must 
have  performed  the  double  offices  atten- 
dant on  design  and  execution. 

The  formally  dull  compositions  which 
the  architects  have  palmed  on  the  country 
as  pure  Grecian  buildings,  are  happily 
falling  into  disrepute :  if  a  more  than 
ordinary  tame  design  appeared,  the  ob- 
jectors were  met  with  the  assertion  that 


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1 80  Fine  Arte  —  Royal  Academy.  [Aug. 


it  was  pure  Greek,  and  the  name  of  Peri- 
cles silenced  every  caviller.  It  will  be 
long,  however,  before  the  effects  of  this 
miserable  taste  cease  to  influence  the 
Enrfllsh  school  of  Architecture.  All  the 
es'taDRshed  architects  of  this  day,  as  well 
asthosft  who  are' rising  into  fame,  have 
had  thej'r  tastes  vitiated  by  this  spurious 
invention  of  instructors,  and  it  will  be 
long  before  the  national  tast£  will  shake 
off  its  trammels.  The  Pointed  style  is 
placed  in  the  same  situation ;  though 
every  opportunity  is  afforded  to  architects 
to  execute  designs  in  all  the  purity  of 
ancient  works,  yet  it  must  be  obvious 
that  the  modern  Gothic  buildings,  with 
few  exceptions,  are  designed  on  Grecian 
principles.  The  Greek  of  Smirke,  and 
the  Gothic  of  YVyatt,  will  go  on,  hand  in 
hand,  pervading  all  our  designs,  until 
architects  think  for  themselves ;  until, 
like  the  professors  of  every  science,  they 
avail  themselves  of  the  gifts  of  mind  and 
genius,  and  rise  above  the  narrow  and 
limited  dogmas  of  their  professional  in. 
structors. 

In  Church  Architecture,  there  are 
several  examples  in  the  present  exhibition, 
but  they  all  partake  of  the  whims  of  the 
modern  school ;  a  fondness  for  ornament, 
at  least  on  paper;  a  great  predilection 
for  pinnacles ;  the  determination  to  have 
a  bit  of  finery,  however  the  parsimony  of 
parish  officers  may  wish  to  crop  off  every 
luxuriant  point  or  crocket.  Looking  at 
the  naked  meeting-house  structures,  which 
are  seen  among  the  modern  churches,  it 
may  be  urged  that  some  ornament  is  ne- 
cessary, and  therefore  a  sentinel-like  pin. 
nacle  is  allowed  a  place  with  no  better 
effect  than  a  tine  ribbon  on  the  cap  of  a 
slattern.  It  maybe  said  that  superfluous 
ornament  is  denied  to  the  new  churches ; 
true,  in  the  Utter  it  is ;  but  no  one  church 
has  yet  been  erected,  however  low  the 
estimate  might  have  been,  which  does  not 
contain  some  superfluous  ornament;  and, 
if  many  of  the  designs  had  not  been  pared 
down,  this  spurious  taste  would  have 
been  still  more  apparent.  To  combine 
ornament  with  utility,  real  or  apparent, 
was  the  aim  of  all  the  by-gone  architects  : 
to  embellish  and  trick  out  a  building,  is 
the  only  use  for  which  our  modern  de- 
signers seem  to  think  the  decorations  of 
the  pointed  style  were  invented. 

There  are  a  great  many  designs  for 
churches ;  but  there  is  little  variety,  and 
still  less  originality. 

The  following  are  among  the  princi- 
pal : — 

015.  View  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
nf  the Assumption,  Car  low,  Ireland. 

1009.  View  of  the  Protettant  Church, 
Carlou)~—T.  A.  Cobden. 


Mr.  Cobden  has  had  the  good  fortune 
to  be  the  chosen  of  both  creeds  ;  but  bis 
designs  partake  of  the  usual  character  of 
Irish  Gothic.    The  first,  the  Catholic, 
has  an  octagon  lantern  tower,  like  St. 
Dunstan's :  the  Protestant  has  little  of 
the  ancient  Architecture  about  it  except 
the  slender  octagonal  spire,  which  is  at- 
tached to  an  exalted  body,  without  win- 
dows, in  the  west  front  (the  only  feature 
which  is  shown  of  either  design).  Ire- 
land possesses  a  great  number  of  modern 
Gothic  churches,  all  appearing  as  if  de- 
signed by  one  hand,  and  the  best  even 
below  the  majority  of  our  own  attempts : 
the  steeples  are  generally  as  slender  as 
May-poles,  and  are  attached  to,  not  con- 
nected with,  churches  of  Grecian  design, 
the  pediments  of  which,  sloping  down  be- 
hind the  tower,  show  plainly  the  forced 
and  unnatural  union  between  two  essen- 
tially different  styles. 

938.  AVw  Church  about  to  be  erected  at 
Newport,  Monmouthshire,  from  the  designs 
of  T.  H.  Wyatt. 

The  principal  feature  is  an  octagon 
tower  standing  on  a  portico  of  open 
arches,  and  crowned  with  a  spire,  abso- 
lutely rivalling  Mr.  Bedford's  in  Little 
Queen  Street.  The  church  has  a  sort  of 
transept  at  each  end,  and  appears  to  be 
imitative  of  the  Lancet  style. 

As  a  better  example  of  ecclesiastical 
Architecture,  we  were  pleased  to  meet 
with, 

913.  Prior  Park,  Bath;  now  com-  . 
pleting,  under  the  directum  of  H.  E. 
Goodridge. 

A  Roman  Catholic  Collegiate  esta- 
blishment, on  a  very  splendid  scale;  the 
alterations  and  additions  are  in  the  style 
of  the  original  building,  the  well-known 
residence  of  Ralph  Allen,  the  friend  of 
Pope.  The  group  of  buildings  consist 
of  a  centre  and  two  extensive  wings,  form- 
ing the  segment  of  a  large  circle,  and 
showing  three  distinct  buildings  united  by 
a  low  arcade  ;  the  centre  is  a  magnificent 
mansion  with  a  hexastyle  portico,  being 
the  residence  of  the  Apostolic  Vicar;  be- 
hind it  is  the  intended  church,  which, 
when  erected,  will  constitute  one  of  the 
finest  groups  of  buildings  in  this  country. 
The  church  is  a  Greek  cross  in  plan, 
with  a  cupola  at  the  intersection;  the 
structure  of  this  dome  much  resembles 
St.  Paul's  on  a  small  scale,  being  a  cir- 
cular range  of  columns  enclosing  the  tam- 
bour, and  bearing  a  lantern  on  the  apex. 
The  principal  front  has  a  splendid  portico 
of  six  Corinthian  columns,  harmonizing 
with  that  of  the  episcopal  residence  in  the 
tympanum,  a  relief  apparently  of  the 
*  Sermon  on  the  Mount.'  There  is  an 
apparent  error  in  placing  the  church  in 


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1835  3                        Fine  Arts— Royal  Academy.  \  &  { 

rear  of  tbe  inanition,  making  what  should  compositions  now  so  fashionable,  and 

be  the  principal  a  secondary  object ;  tbe  from  their  fragile  nature  so  appropriate 

situation,  on  an  elevated  spot  of  ground,  to  tbe  buildings  of  the  day. 

aenritting  of  a  grand  flight  of  steps,  may  As  to  Town  Halls,  County  Halls, 

somewhat  obviate  tbe  defect ;  but  it  must  and   such-like  edifices  they  gen^rnlry 

still  occur,  to  every  one  acquainted  with  show  a  large  naked  structure,  wieh  sufli- 

tbe  ancient  arrangement  of  ecclesiastical  cient  windows  in  its  brick  '6-alTs,  and 

buildings,  that  tbe  bouse  is  too  prominent  a  high  slated  roof  covering  the  whole; 

an  object.    The  architect  bas  shown  his  against  one  end  or  side,  for  it  matters 

good  sense  by  adopting  tbe  Roman  style  little  to  modern  architects,  stands  a  por. 

of  Architecture.  tico  and  pediment,  no  way  connected  with 

In  Domestic  Architecture,  there  seems  the  building.    Of  this  class  of  edifices, 

a  probability  of  improvement;  but  even  there  are  several  in  the  present  Exhi. 

tbe  best  are  far  from  pure :  the  fanciful  bition,  including  tbe  competition  plans  for 

taste  which  combines  the  Roman  design  the  new  Town  Hall  of  Penzance,  and, 

with  the  Tudor  oriel,  which  raises  up  as  might  beexpected,  the  meanest  of  tbe 

towers  of  all  shapes  and  sizes  in  happy  whole  has  been  the  accepted  design, 

confusion,  still  holds  an  almost  sovereign  Mr.  Wilkins  has  an  unhappy  mode  of 

sway.    In  this  style  is  Studlty  Cattle,  and  introducing  his  designs  to  the  public. 

High  Cliff.  Alas  1  for  Wren,  and  Palladio,  and  Vi- 

9j0.  Dengn  for  a  House  at  Bucklebury  travius,  ancients  and  moderns,  your  fame 

(T.  J.  Francis)  is  in  better  taste;  it  is  a  is  fast  waning;  it  will  vanish  with  the 

fair  specimen,  both  in  materials  and  de-  rising  of  the  National  Gallery !  Mr. 

sign,  of  tbe  later  Tudor  buildings ;  but  Wilkins  has  built  a  column ;  Trajan's 

ihe  architect  has  marred  the  whole  by  pillar  is  thrown  into  shade.    No  more 

placing  a  cburcb-porch  against  the  front,  shall  the  graceful  structures  of  Rome 

Tbe  red  brick-walla,  and  the  dummies  in  claim  our  attention ;  we  shall  turn  up 

tbera,  are  characteristic  of  the  age.  our  noses  at  the  Monument.    Mr.  WiU 

962.  Mar  gam,  built  by  C.  R.  M.  Talbot,  kins  has  found  out  the  art  of  making  a 

&!f  T.  Hopper,  appears  to  be  a  grand  triumphal  column  out  of  tbe  unmanageable 

design,  corrected  before  from  Hengrave  Greek-Doric;  put  a  block  at  its  base; 

and  Mel  bury.  pile  up  several  stages  on  its  abacus,  and 

1029.  Perspective  View  of  a  design  for  you  have  a  short  column  made  into  a  tall 

the  Stockwell   Grammar  School,  James  one;  as  if  a  little  dumpy  man  with  a  high 

Field,  is  not  only  a  good  specimen  of  the  pair  of  pattens,  a  cap  and  a  feather,  could 

•  Elizabethan  style,  but  is  just  what  a  ever  pass  himself  ofT  for  a  grenadier, 

grammar  school  ought  to  be :  the  rage  for  984.  One  of  the  proposed  Designs  for 

pinnacles  and  finery,  is  very  apparent  in  the  Duke  of  York's  Column.  W.  Wilkins, 

many  of  tbe  new  grammar  schools,  parti-  A  A. — In  the  view,  this  Greek  column  is 

cularly  the  adopted  design  at  Stockwell.  compared  with  the  pillar  of  Trajan,  tbe 

Before  quitting  this  branch  of  design,  we  latter  being  expected  to  suffer  from  the 

cannot  avoid  noticing  the  Model  of  the  comparison. 

School  for  Indigent  Blind,  S.  Salter.    The  1031.  Mr.  Wilkins  exhibits  a  Vk-v  of 

nature  of  tbe  structure,  a  line  of  work-  the  National  Gallery-,  and  another  com- 

phopa,  built  with  the  praiseworthy  design  parison  is  courted.  It  is  shown  as  intend- 

of  employing  the  afflicted  inmates  of  the  ed  to  be  finished,  compared  with  what 

charity,  seemed  to  call  for  no  architectural  Mr.  Wilkins  would  have  made  it,  who 

display;  but  the  architect  thought  other-  speaks  out  his  sentiments  in  a  quotation, 

wise :  towers  and  stump  pinnacles,  odd  or  rather  a  parody  from  Hamlet : 

gables,  and  oriel  windows,  are  made  to  **  Look  here,  upon  this  picture,  and  on 

contrast  with  a  long  line  of  dwelling-  this,  buildings."] 


_  windows  in  the  plainest  style.  The  The  counterfeit  presentment  of  two 
architecture  defies  appropriation  ;  it  is  The  addition  of  a  few  feet  to  an  eleva- 
probebly  *<  Gothic  or  Elizabethan ! "  tion,  appears  to  have  inflicted  a  serious 
The  AhnsJiouses,  said  to  be  built  at  injury  on  Mr.  Wilkins's  original  design ; 
BsWs  Pond,  for  the  company  of  Tylers  and  the  observation  which  must  naturally 
Bricklaifers. — From  the  stuccoed  front,  it  arise  on  viewing  the  comparison  is, — why 
would  appear  to  have  belonged  to  another  is  a  style  of  Architecture  adopted  which 
worshipful  company,  the  Plasterers.    If  appears  to  be  perfectly  untraceable,  as  well 
ire  recollect  aright,  tbe  ball  of  this  com-  as  utterly  at  variance  with  every  thing 
panv  u-as  a  synagogue,  and  is  remarkable  around  it?    If  it  be  true  that  the  pro- 
as a  «pecimen  of  brick-work.  When  that  portions  are  violated  by  this  slight  altcr- 
struc ture  was  erected,  the  materials  were  ation,  it  is  manifest  that  a  style  ought  to 
not  concealed  or  falsified  by  any  of  the  have  been  chosen  which  would  adapt  itaelf 


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182  Royal  Academy. — Literary  J ritiWgence.  [Aug, 


to  local  circumstances,  mid  even  to  the 
caprices  of  employers.  These  difficulties 
were  felt  by  Wren ;  but  his  genius  rose 
Above  such  triBing  obstacles.  Would 
that  a  third  design  had  been  appended,  to 
show  what  the  National  Gallery  might 
and  ought  to  have  been  !  One  good,  it  is 
hoped,  will  result  from  the  controversy  to 
which  this  structure  has  given  rise,  the 
extirpation  of  the  taste  for  low  Grecian 
buildings 

The  interest  which  another  important 
miblic  building  will  create,  is  anticipated 

^985.  Design  fur  the  new  Houses  of  Por- 
1  iamcnt%  by  converting  Inigo  Jones's  struc- 
ture into  a  House  of  Lords,  and  by  continu- 
ing the  edifice  towards  the  line  of  Privy 
Gardens,  with  a  centre  building,  and  a 
corresponding  wing  for  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.— C.  H.  Tatham. 

If  Jones's  building  required  addition, 
surely  his  own  design  would  be  prefer- 
able to  any  new  one,  by  whomever  it  might 
be  composed.  The  present  design  re- 
peats the  Banqueting  house,  at  a  distance 
from  the  present,  and  unites  the  two 
with  a  central  building  in  a  plainer  style 
of  Architecture,  in  which  the  features  of 
the  original  structure  are  very  poorly  imi- 
tated, and  which  would  possess  the  com- 
mon English  peculiarity  of  making  the 
centre  subordinate  to  the  wings. 

1030.  East  and  west  interior  of  Gatton 
Churchy  Surrey,  a*  enlarged  and  entirely 
reconstructed  by  Lord  Monson. —  L. 
Webb. 

The  old  church  of  Gatton  was  a  struc- 
ture of  a  very  humble  character;  unlike 
Shorehain  or  llomney,  it  displayed  no 
evidence  of  the  departed  greatness  of  its 
despoiled  borough.  The  structure  has 
been  altered  and  fitted  up,  at  apparently 
a  great  expense,  and  in  a  style  resembling 
the  chapel  of  a  college.  The  ceiling  is 
an  acute  pointed  vault,  neither  groined 
nor  ribbed,— a  form  the  most  unprepos- 
sessing that  could  be  adopted,  both  on 


account  of  the  plainness  and  the  idea  of" 
immense  weight  which  such  a  vault  will 
always  create.  The  ribs  of  a  cathedral 
vault  so  completely  throw  an  air  of  light- 
ness over  the  whole,  that  the  spectator 
never  thinks  of  the  load  of  material 
which  is  suspended  over  his  head ;  but 
when  he  views  a  naked  stone  covering, 
without  any  apparent  support  except  the 
side  walls,  the  ideas  of  spreading  and 
fulling  must  rush  upon  his  mind,  and 
which  the  assurance  that  what  he  views 
is  only  lath  and  plaster  will  never  dissi- 
pate. It  would  be  well  if  a  little  com- 
mon sense  was  applied  to  Architecture 
as  well  as  to  other  transactions ;  we 
should  not  then  see  imitation  stone  roof* 
raised  where  real  ones  would  not  be  con- 
structed :  and  the  same  quality  must  be 
happily  applied  to  some  other  portions  of 
the  design.  Whenever  stalls  are  seen  in 
an  ancient  church,  they  betoken  the  pre- 
sense  of  a  religious  corporation,  cither  a 
college  fraternity,  or  a  chapter  of  monks, 
or  secular  canons.  The  first  and  last  are 
the  only  establishments  which  can  exist 
in  the  present  day  :  to  neither  of  these 
does  Gatton  Church  belong  :  of  what  use, 
then,  are  the  stalls  ?  They  are  merely  or- 
namental ;  and,  being  vacant,  must  injure 
the  effect  of  the  church.  The  pulpit  is 
fixed,  bracket  fashion,  to  an  angle  formed 
by  the  nave  of  a  small  trnnsept.  The 
design  is  showy,  but  it  is  not  appropriate 
to  a  parish  church. 

Mr.  Allen  exhibits  exterior  and  interior 
views  of  an  ancient  building  in  South, 
work,  erected  1639,  as  a  Hall  for  the 
Artillery  Company,  and  used,  until  lately, 
as  a  parish  workhouse.  The  exterior  was 
brick,  without  much  ornament,  but  the 
interior  had  an  open-worked  timber  roof 
of  considerable  merit — one  of  the  latest 
specimens  of  the  fine  old  coverings  so 
common  in  ancient  halls.  The  destruc- 
tion of  such  a  building  is  to  be  regretted  ; 
it  would  have  formed  an  excellent  town- 
hall. 

E.  I.  C. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


AVw  Works  unnouncrdfor  Pullication. 

History  of  Audley  End,  with  some  ac- 
count of  the  town  and  parish  of  Saffron 
Walden.    By  Richard   Lord  Bhay- 

BROOKK.  4tO. 

Lexicon  ADgyptiaco-Latinum,  ab  Hen- 
rico Tatham,  A.M  ,  F.R.S.,  gcc.  Rec- 
tore  S.  Cuthhcrti  Bcdfordite.  Oxonii,  e 
Typographeo  Academico. 


An  edition  of  the  curious  Travels  of 
Rubruquis  in  Tartary,  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  is  now  in  progress  at  Paris,  at 
the  expense  of  the  Royal  Geographical 
Society,  and  under  the  editorship  of  M. 
Francisque  Michel  and  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright,  B.A.  of  Trin.  Coll  Cambridge, 

The  Modern  Dunciad,  Virgil  in  Lon- 
don, and  other  Poems. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.1 


Literary  Intelligence. 


183 


At  the  Royal  French  printing-office,  the 
Metrical  Chronicle  of  Normandy,  written 
in  the  twelfth  century,  by  Benoi't  de  Saint 
Manr,  of  which  the  only  copy  in  existence 
is  that  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  first  volume  of  Professor's  Poppig's 
Voyage  to  Chili,  to  Peru,  and  on  the 
River  of  Amazons,  from  1827  to  1832, 
has  been  recently  published  at  Leipzig, 
handsomely  printed  in  4  to,  with  a  folio 
Atlas  of  lithographic  views. 

My  Note-Book  ;  Sketches  on  the  Con- 
tinent, by  John  Macgrkgor,  Esq.  au- 
thor of  "  British  America,"  &c. 

A  History  of  British  India,  from  the 
Termination  of  the  War  with  the  Mahrat- 
tas,  in  1305,  to  the  Renewal  of  the  Com- 
pany's Charter,  in  1833.  By  Ed.  Thorn- 
ton, Esq.,  author  of  *4  India  ;  its  State 
and  Prospects." 

A  selection  of  one  hundred  of  the 
finest  Pictures  in  the  Dresden  Gallery, 
executed  in  lithography  by  the  best  artists 
of  Paris,  after  drawings  by  the  first  Dres- 
den artists,  is  about  to  be  published  in 
livraisons,  each  containing  four  subjects, 
with  explanatory  text.  The  first  number 
will  contain  :  1.  Raffaelle's  Madonna  del 
Sisto  ;  2,  Rembrandt's  Rape  of  Gany- 
mede ;  3,  Cignani's  Joseph  and  Potiphar ; 
A,  A  Landscape,  by  Berghem.  Five 
numbers  will  appear  annually ;  and  the 
whole  will  be  completed  in  live  years. 

Dr.  Dibdin  is  busily  employed  on  his 
"  Reminiscences."    The  living  and  dead 
are  to  appear  on  the  scene.    Among  the 
numerous  embellishments  will  be  a  new 
portrait  of  the  Author,  and  others  of  the 
late  Rojrer  Wilbraham,  Esq.  and  Francis 
Douce,  Esq.  ;  views  of  the  Drawing-room 
and  Library  of  Miss  Currer,  at  Eshton- 
Hall,  fee.    It  will  embrace,  we  hear,  a 
complete  list  of  all  the  author's  works, 
with  personal  and  book  anecdotes,  and 
the  Roxburghe  Club  will  be  brought  pro- 
minently forward.    The  Doctor  announ- 
ces this  volume  as  the  last  production  of 
his  pen  :  in  this  wc  hope  be  will  not 
prove  a  true  prophet. 

A  magnificent  project  has  been  set  on 
foot  in  Paris,  by  a  Mr.  O'Sullivan,  who 
announces  a  Bibliotbeqne  Anglo- Fran- 
cai<e,  which  is  to  contain  translations  of 
all  our  principal  writers.    According  to 
the  prospectus,  the  enterprise  will  be  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  O'Sullivan  himself,  who  is 
to  make  an  analysis  of  several  of  the 
dramas  of  Sbakspeare,  and  a  translation 
of  Macbeth ;  MM.'  Guizor,  Jay,  Merme- 
cbetand  Cbasles,  are  to  translate  Othello, 
Ju'iui  Caesar,  and  Romeo  and  Juliet ;  M. 
I'  ul  Duport  undertakes  an  analysis  of 
the  dramas    contemporary'  - 


speare.    M.  Coquerel  has  Spenser  and 
Chatterton  allotted  to  him ;  M.  de  Pon- 
gerville  undertakes  the  Paradise  Lost; 
M.  Mennechet,  Butler  und  Addison;  M. 
Jay,  Drvden  and  Prior;   M.  Raudet, 
Buckingham;  M.  Laurent  de  Jussieu, 
Gay;  M.  Lepelletier  dMulnay,  Swift  { 
M.  O'Sullivan,  Pope,  Gray,  and  Thom- 
son; M.  Dubois.  Akenside;  M  de  Mon- 
tigny,  Goldsmith  ;  M.  Charles  Nodier, 
Burns;  M.  de  Chateaubriand,  Beattie; 
M.  Taillefer,  Cowper ;    Mad.  Beiloc, 
MM.  Paulin,  Paris,  and  Panithier,  Lord 
Byron  ;  Mad.  Beiloc  and  M.  Artaud, 
Walter  Scott:  M.  de  Maussion,  Sheri- 
dan; M.  Albert  Montcmont,  Campbell 
and  Rogers;  M.  Fontaney, Wordsworth; 
M.   de    Montalembert,  Montgomery; 
Mad.  Beiloc,  Thomas  Moore;  M.  de 
Custines,  Southey;  M.  Philnrete  Chasles, 
Crabbe;  Mud.  Constance  Aubert,  Miss 
Landon;    Mud.    Beiloc,  Miss  Bnillie; 
Mad.  Pirey,  Mrs.  Robinson ;  Mad.  Me- 
nessier,  Mrs.  Hemans!    There  arc  said 
to  be  already,  otic  thousand  subscribers  to 
this  work,  which,  besides  the  above  men- 
tioned, is  to  contain  a  complete  history  of 
English  literature. 


with   Shak-     low  : — 


Oxford,  June  21— The  Prizes  for  the 
present  year  have  been  adjudged  to  the 
following  gentlemen:  — 

Latin  Verse.  —  •«  Julianus  Imperator 
Templum  Hierosolymitanum  instaurare 
atfgreditur." — J.  c.  Priehard,  Scholar, 
Trinity  College. 

English  Essay.—"  The  influence  of 
ancient  oracles  on  public  and  private  life." 
—J.  B.  Mozley,  B.A.  Oriel  College. 

Latin  Essay.—"  De  Jure  Cliciitclea 
apud  Romano*. * —  R.  Palmer,  B.A. 
Probationer  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College, 
Ireland  and  Eldon  Scholar,  and  lute 
Scholar  of  Trinity  College. 

Sir  Roger  Ancdigattrs  Prize,  for  the 
best  composition  in  English  Verse  — 
"  The  Burning  of  Moscow."— W.  R.  S. 
1'itzgerald,  Commoner  of  Oriel  College. 

June  24.  Theological  Prize  for  1836. 
"  The  Evidences  of  our  Saviour's  Resur- 
rection." 

July  4*  The  following  subjects  arc 
proposed  for  the  Chancellor's  Prizes  for 
1836,  viz. :_ 

Latin  Verse.—"  Alexander  ad  Indum.- 
Englis/i  Essay.— « 'I  he  effects  of  a 

National  Taste  for  general  and  diffusive 

Reading" 
iMtin   Ess.y. — "  Antiqiiomm  Roma- 

noruiuiu  publicis  open  bus  magniucemia." 

Cambridge.  June  20— Sir  William 
Browne's  medals  were  adjudged  as  fol- 


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184 


Literary  Intelligence.— Cambridge  Installation. 


[Aug. 


Greek  Ode. — James  Ind  Smith,  Trinity 
College.  Subject—"  Delos." 

Latin  Ode.— Henry  Drury,  Caius  Col- 
lege.   Subject—"  Belisarius." 

Epigrams.— Henry  Drury,  Caius  Col- 
lege.   Subject — "  Amphora  caepit 
Institui,  currente  rota  cur  urceus  exit." 

Ju!y  2.  The  following  prizes  were 
adjudged : 

Members'  Prizes  Jbr  Bachelors  of  Arts. 
— E.  T.  Vaughan,  B.A.  Christ's  Col- 
lege ;  T.  B.  Paget,  B.A.  Trinity  Col- 
lege. Subject — 44  De  fide  historica  recte 
a?stimanda." 

Members'  Prises  for  Undergraduates  — 
J.  S.  Mansfield,  Trinity  College;  J.  I. 
Smith,  Trinity  College.  Subject,— »  U- 
trum  recte1  judicaverit  Cicero  iniquissi- 
mam  pacem  justissimo  bello  anteferendutn 
esse?" 

July  4.  The  proceedings  in  honour  of 
the  installation  of  the  Marquis  Camden, 
as  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, to  which  he  was  elected  on  the 
death  of  the  late  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
commenced  this  day,  with  Handel's  "Mes- 
siah," and  Mozart's  accompaniments.  The 
musical  department  was  under  the  super- 
intendence of  Sir  George  Smart:  the 
orchestra  was  led  by  Air.  F.  Cramer. 
The  noble  Marquis  arrived  about  six 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  and  was  received 
at  Trinity-lodge  by  the  master,  fellows, 
&c.  where  be  was  soon  after  waited  on  by 
the  Vice- Chancellor,  the  heads  of  the 
different  colleges,  and  the  whole  of  the 
acudemic  regalia.  Amongst  the  visitors 
were  the  following  distinguished  person- 
ages : — Prince  George  of  Cambridge,  at 
Magdalen  college;  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  the  Duke  of  Northumberland 
(High  Steward  of  the  University),  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ( Chancellor  of  Oxford 
Unh-ersity),  Viscount  Canterbury;  the 
Bishops  of  Gloucester,  Lincoln,  Car- 
lisle, and  Bath  and  Wells;  Lord  Lynd- 
hurst,  the  Marquises  of  Downshire  and 
Bute,  Earls  of  Devon  and  Brownlow;  Sir 
R.  Inglis,  Sir  H.  Hardinge,  Chief  Justice 
Tindal,  Mr.  Justice  Patteson,  the  Hon. 
E.  C.  Law.  Mr.  W.  Peel,  Sir  Charles 
Wetherell,  Mr.  Goulburn,  &c.  most  of 
whom  paid  their  respects  to  the  Chan- 
cellor on  his  arrival.  The  Chancellor 
went  in  procession  the  next  day  (Sunday), 
to  attend  divine  service  at  Great  St. 
Mary's,  when  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury pronounced  the  benediction,  and  an 
Appropriate  discourse  was  delivered  by 
Dr.  Bowes.  The  Bishop  of  Gloucester 
preached  in  the  evening. 

On  Monday  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
who  was  staying  at  Bourne  hall,  the  seat 
of  Earl  Delawarr,  was  escorted  into  the 
town,  by  a  very  numerous  cavalcade. 


When  the  doors  of  the  Senate-house  were 
thrown  open,  the  galleries  filled  to  suffo- 
cation.   The  procession  entered  the  Se- 
nate-house about  12  o'clock.    The  Chan- 
cellor wore  the  collar,  the  riband,  and 
garter  of  the  order  of  St.  George,  a  cap 
of  black  velvet  with  a  heavy  gold  tassel, 
and  a  black  velvet  robe  magnificently 
trimmed  with  deep  bars  of  gold  lace. 
The  congregation,  when  silence  was  ob- 
tained, proceeded  to  grant  honorary  de- 
rees,  which  ceremony  occupied  two 
ours.    The  following  were  admitted  to 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Civil 
Law : —  Prince  Pozzo  di  Borgo,  Duke  of 
Grafton,  Marquis  of  Bute,  Marquis  of 
Downshire,  Marquis  of  Exeter,  Marquis 
of  Northampton,   Marquis  of  Douro, 
Earl  of  Hard  wick  e,  Earl  Amherst,  Earl 
Brownlow,  Lord  Lyndhurst,  Lord  A  Din- 
ger, Lord  Teignmouth,  Lord  Lisle  and 
Dudley,  Lord  Cast)ereagh,Lord  Camden, 
Lord  Burlington,  Lord  A.  Fitzclarence, 
Lord  Clive,  Lord  Prudhoc,  Sir  E.  Sug- 
den,  Sir  J.  Graham,  Sir  N  Tindal,  Sir 
J.  Parke,  Mr.  Baron  Graham,  Hon.  R. 
Clive,  Hon.  G.  R.  Trevor.    The  follow- 
ing were  admitted  doctors  ad  eundem: 
— The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  the  Bishop  of 
Exeter,  the  Bishop  of  Llandaff.  The 
following  received  degrees  of  A.M. — 
Lord  Boscawen  ad  eundem ;  Hon.  W, 
W.  Forester,  Hon.  H.  Manners  Sutton, 
Sir  Francis  Chantrey,  Sir  G.  Rose,  Sir 
P.  Malcolm,  Sir  E.  Kerrison,  Sir  C. 
Wetherell.  —  The  Duke  of  Cumberland 
and  the  Marquises  of  Londonderry  and 
Douro  arrived  at  the  close  of  the  proceed- 
ings; after  which,  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  held  a  levee  at  Sydney  Col- 
1  ege,  which  was  n umerously  attended.  A 
grand  concert  was  given  at  the  Senate- 
house  in  the  evening. 

On  the  opening  of  the  Senate-house,  on 
Tuesday,  Mr.  Whytehead,  of  St.  John's, 
recited  a  poem  on  the  death  of  the  late 
Chancellor,  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  which  was  highly  compli- 
mented by  the  present  Chancellor.  Mr. 
James  Ind  Smith,  scholar  of  Trinity,  then 
recited  a  Greek  prize  ode  in  Sapphic 
verse,  on  the  subject  of  Delos ;  and  Mr. 
H.  Drury  recited  a  prize  ode  in  Latin  Al- 
caics, on  Belisarius;  both  very  well  re- 
ceived. The  recitations  were  concluded 
by  a  translation  in  Greek  Iambics  from 
act  2,  scene  2,  in  the  third  part  of  Shak. 
speare's  King  Henry  VI.  which  has  ob- 
tained the  Porson  prize.  The  version  is 
by  Mr.  Kennedy,  of  St.  John's  college, 
who  is  the  fourth  brother  in  the  same 
family  that  has  received  this  prize.  The 
Installation  Ode  was  written  by  the  Rev. 
C.Wordsworth,  fellow  of  Trinity  College. 


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Literary  Intelligence. 


165 


The  music   was    composed  by  T.  A. 
Wthmsley,  Mus.  Bac.  organist  of  Trinity 
and  St.  John's,  a  young  musician  of  great 
promise;    the   whole   concluding  with 
tbe  National  Anthem.    Tbe  Chancellor 
«nd  a  large  party  dined  with  the  Master 
in  Trinity.    There  was  another  grand 
concert  in  the  evening,  at  which  Madlle. 
GrUi,  Madame  Caradori  Allan,  Madame 
Scockhausen,  Miss  WagstafF,  Lablache, 
RuUini,  Uobbs.  Parry,  and  other  eminent 
vocalists,  gave  their  professional  services, 
supported  by  the  first  instrumental  per- 
fonners.    1  he  music  was  selected  from 
the  works  of  Haydn,  Handel,  Mozart, 
Rossini,  Meyerbter,  Beethoven,  Weber, 
9te.  The  festivities  tenninuted  on  Thurs- 
day, with  general  satisfaction. 


KING'S  COLLEGE,  LONDON'. 

Jmly  4.    The  distribution  of  prizes  took 
place  in  the  senior  and  junior  departments 
of  the  King's  College.    There  was  a 
very  numerous  and  fashionable  attendance 
on  tbe  occasion.    Amongst  those  present 
were  tbe  Bishops  of  London,  Llandaff, 
and  Chichester,  Lord  Brownlow,  Right 
Hon.  H.  Hobhouse,  Sir  R.  Jnglis,  Dr. 
D*  Oyly.  &c.    The  Bishop  of  Lon<lon 
took  the  chair  and  opened  the  proceedings 
of  tbe  day.    The  Principal  then  reported 
on  the  state  of  the  Classical  Department, 
and  gave  a  detail  of  the  honours  to  which 
several  of  the  students  had  arrived  in  the 
Universities.     He  announced  that  the 
Principal  of  Magdalene  College  Cam- 
bridge, had  founded  an  endowment  of  50/. 
p*r  annum  to  be  awarded  annually  to  the 
•rodents  of  King's  College.    The  prizes 
consisting  of  handsomely  bound  books, 
were  then  distributed  by  the  Chairman, 
who  in  awarding  these  honourable  marks 
of  distinction,  accompauied  each  by  ap. 
propriate  observations. 

In  Theology  the  prizes  were  awarded 
to  Messrg.  Spinks,  Powick,  Dasent, 
Barry,  Giraud,  Ford  junr.  and  Fincham. 

In  Classics,   to   Messrs.  Mathison, 
Ridout,  Rhennis,  and  Prull. 

In  Mathematics,  to  Messrs.  John  Wil- 
son, Frere,  Fisber,  and  Ford. 

In  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astronomy, 
to  Messrs.  Pocock  and  Wilson. 

In  Hebrew,  to  Messrs.  Jones,  James 
Wilson,  and  Dennett. 

Id  German  Literature,  to  Messrs.  Col- 
Kin  and  James  Wilson. 

Diplomas  of  Associates  of  King's  Col- 
lege were  granted  to  Messrs.  Cotton, 
Peppercorn,  Mathison,  Wilson,  and  Po- 
cock. 

Reports  were  made  by  the  masters  of 
the  junior  department,  containing  about 
400  pupils,  and  prizes  distributed  to 
Messrs.  Boileau,  Preston,  Stooks,  Fislicr, 

Gent.  Mac.  Vol..  IV. 


Ince,  Neate,  Pitman,  Bourne,  Elaps, 
Swire,  and  Mauning. 

The  Council  of  King's  College,  have 
recently  made  the  following  appointments: 
—The  Rev.  R.  W.  Browne,  to  the  Pro- 
fessorship of  Classical  Literature  ;  tbe 
Rev.  T.  Dale,  to  the  Professorship  o, 
English  Literature;  and  Rich.  Preston 
Esq.  King's  Counsel,  to  the  Professor- 
ship of  English  Law  and  Jurisprudence. 


LONDON  UNIVERSITY. 

July  4  Tbe  ceremony  of  distributing 
prizes  and  certificates  of  honour  to  those 
students,  who  had,  by  their  proficiency 
and  general  good  conduct,  distinguished 
themselves,  took  place  in  the  theatre  ot 
the  Institution.  The  chair  was  tilled  by 
Lord  Brougham.  At  his  lordship's  right 
sat  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Tbe  report  for  the  lust  half  year 
having  been  read,  the  prizes  were  awarded 
thus  :  — 

Mathematics. — Philip  Smith,  Lionel 
Davidson,  II.  Cumming,  W.  Best,  R.  A. 
Margary,  and  R.  Entield. 

Latin. — Jacob  Waley,  L.  Davidson, 
P.  Smith,  and  W.  II.  Griffith. 

Crffi.-Wm.  Best,  Jacob  Waley,  P. 
Smith,  and  C.  Leathley. 

Ifebrtzc.—S.  Spalding,  H.  Toller,  and 
J.  V.  Mummery. 

English  and  Wtctork. —  R.  Enfield,  and 
O.  II.  Curtis. 

French.— L.  Davidson,  R.  A.  Maude, 
and  F.  Hay  ward. 

German. — W.  Smith,  ond  Charles 
Dowding. 

Xutural  Philosophy  and  Astronomy. — 
J.  Foster,  and  J.  Elliott. 

Philosophy  of  the  Mind  and  Logic.— 
J.  Elliott,  A.  Toller. 

History.— R.  Potter,  J.  Foster,  R. 
Enfield. 

tMa»y—H.  Plank. 

English  lAte — C.  Tagart,  P.  Power. 

After  the  distribution  of  the  prizes, 
Lord  Brougham  congratulated  those  con- 
nected with  the  University  on  the  near 
prospect  there  was  of  obtaining  a  Charter, 
and  concluded  by  announcing  a  munificeut 
donation  of  1000  guineas,  made  by  some 
unknown  individual,  who  bad,  on  a  former 
occasion,  sent  a  similar  sum,  with  the  view 
of  its  being  devoted  to  the  objects  con. 
templated  by  the  founders  of  the  Institu- 
tion. 


CAMBER  WELL  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL. 

June  19.  The  first  annual  examina- 
tion of  this  Institution,  (see  vol.  III.  p. 
537.)  was  held  in  presence  of  the  Lord 
of  Winchester,  Patron  ;  the  Vicar 
of  Camberwell,  President  ;  the  Com- 
mittee, and  upwards  of  mx  hundred  friends 
2  B 


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1 86  Literary  and  Sci< 

of  the  school.  The  examination,  which 
was  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Russell, 
Rector  of  Rishopspate,  consisted  of  Divi- 
nity, the  Classics,  Mathematics,  and  other 
branches  of  science. 


KENSINGTON  PROPRIETARY  SCHOOL. 

Rev.  R  II.  Whitworth,  M.A.  Head 
Matter. — The  Midsummer  examination 
was  conducted,  in  Scripture,  by  the  Dean 
of  Chester;  in  Classics,  by  the  Rev.  J.  A. 
Giles,  of  Camberwell  Collegiate  School, 
and  Rev.  George  Hasker ;  in  Mathe- 
matics, by  Rev.  T.  G.  Hal),  of  King's 
College;  and  in  French,  by  M.  Brasseur, 
Professor  of  King's  College.  This  school 
is  very  flourishing,  the  intended  number 
of  shares,  100,  being  all  subscribed  for. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY. 

June  18.    The  last  meeting  of  the  rea- 
son. Sir  John  Rennie,  V.P.,  in  the  chair. 
The  following  papers  were  read— viz. 

1.  Discussion  of  Tide  Observations  made 
at  Liverpool,  by  J.  W.  Lubbock,  Esq. — 

2.  Experimental  Researches  in  Electricity, 
byiMichael  Faraday,  Esq.,  tenth  series. — 

3.  On  the  distinction  between  certain  ge-. 
nera  of  Shells,  bv  J.  E.  Gray,  Esq.— 4. 
On  the  Ova  of  Mammiferous  Animals, 
by  T.  W.  Jones,  Esq. — 6.  On  the  sup- 
posed existence  of  Metamorphosis  in  the 
Crustacea,  by  J.  O.  Westwood,  Esq.— 
6.  On  the  Star  Fish  of  the  Comatula,  by 
J.  V.  Thompson,  Esq. — 7.  On  the  influ- 
ence of  Respiration  on  the  quantity  of 
blood  in  the  Heart,  by  James  Wardrop, 
Esq. — 8.  On  Sound,  by  P.  Cooper,  Esq. 
— 0.  On  the  Tides,  by  the  same. 

The  Society  then  adjourned  over  the 
ong  vacation,  till  the  19th  of  November. 


INSTITUTION  OF  BRITISH  ARCHITECTS. 

June  29.  J.  Neeld,  Esq.,  M  P,  and 
Peter  Legb,  Esq.  were  elected  Honorary 
Fellows,  having  presented  twenty-five 
guineas  each. 

Mr.  Weale  has  presented  to  the  Society 
a  portrait  of  Revett,  the  companion  and 
assistant  of  Athenian  Stewart. 

Mr.  Bernhardt,  a  Saxon  architect,  in- 
vited the  Society  to  inspect  a  house,  No. 
12,  Upper  Montague-street,  Montague- 
square,  which  he  has  fitted  up  with  his 
patent  apparatus  for  heating  buildings. 
His  interpreter  explained  the  objects  and 
results  of  the  system,  and  a  day  was  fixed 
upon  for  the  survey  and  examination. 
Mr.  Donaldson,  Secretary,  began  bis  paper 
of  queries,  which  are  intended  for  general 
distribution,  and  for  the  puq>ose  of  elicit- 
ing answers  from  travellers  and  others 
upon  matters  connected  with  architecture. 

Mr.  Britton  read  a  paper  on  the  Parlia- 
mentary Report  respecting  the  two  Houses 


\tific  Intelligence.  [Aug. 

of  Parliament,  and  called  in  question  the 
propriety  of  the  terms  used  for  defining 
the  style  of  architecture  to  be  adopted, 
conceiving  the  words  Gothic  and  Eliza- 
bethan to  be  inaccurate,  the  latter  especi- 
ally, and  not  consonant,  if  taken  in  its 
strict  sense,  with  the  intentions  of  the 
Committee. 

We  may  here  incidentally  notice  that 
C.  Hanbury  Tracy,  Esq,  Sir  Edward 
Cust,  the  Hon.  T.  Liddell.  George  Vi- 
vian, Esq.,  and  Samuel  Rogers,  Esq., 
have  been  appointed  the  Commissioners 
for  examining  and  reporting  on  the  plans 
offered  for  rebuilding  the  two  Houses  of 
Parliament. 

July  6.  P.  F.  Robinson,  V.P.  in  the 
chair.  Several  letters  were  read,  among 
whirh  was  one  from  Leo  Von  Klenze, 
architect  to  the  TCing  of  Bavaria,  who  was 
called  to  Greece  last  summer,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  laying  down  a  new  general  plan, 
according  to  which  the  city  of  Athens  is 
being  rebuilt  at  this  time.  I  thought  it 
my  duty  to  profit  by  the  favourable  posi- 
tion in  which  I  was  placed,  to  project  and 
propose  the  excavation  and  restoration  of 
the  monuments  of  the  Acropolis,  and  to 
cause  them  to  be  commenced  in  my  own 
presence.  These  works  have  been  conti- 
nued with  activity  since  my  departure, 
and  have  produced  the  most  successful 
results.  In  the  first  place,  the  very  active 
demolition  of  the  Venetian  and  Turkish 
walls  and  fortifications,  will  henceforth 
render  military  defence  almost  impossible 
at  this  point,  and  guarantee  in  consequence 
these  fine  ruins  from  progressive  and  total 
destruction.  As  soon  as  they  commenced 
the  demolition  of  the  grand  battery  in 
front  of  the  Propyleum,  they  discovered 
many  fragments  of  a  small  Ionic  edifice; 
which,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  is  the  Tem- 
ple of  Victory  without  wings.  The  situ- 
ation in  which  it  is,  and  the  number  of 
fragments  which  have  already  been  found, 
prove  that  the  entire  restoration  of  this 
monument  may  be  effected,  and  the  Acro- 
polis may  from  this  time  be  considered  to 
possess  another  monument,  to  which  no- 
thing essential  is  wanting  but  the  two 
bas-reliefs,  which  are  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum." 

The  chairman  read  a  paper  upon  the 
recent  discoveries  of  a  new  crypt,  under 
York  Minster,  and  Mr.  Donaldson,  Hon. 
Secretary,  completed  his  paper  of  queries, 
which  have  since  been  printed. 


ZOOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

We  have  committed  some  errors  in  our 
reports  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Zoolo- 
gical Society.  In  our  Magazine  for  June 
it  is  stated,  that  the  anniversary  meeting 


Digitized  by"  Google 


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Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


187 


took  place  on  the  23d  April,  instead  of 
the  29th.    Sir  R.  Gordon'*  name  is  men- 
tioned as  one  of  those  recommended  by 
the  council  to  go  out  of  office;  this  is 
a  mistake   for   Mr.  Robt.  Gordon,  the 
member  for  Cricklade.    The  like  error  is 
committed  in  our  last  number,  where  it 
is  stated,  "  the  Council  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  election  of  Sir  R.  Gordon 
and  Mr.  Grant  into  their  number."  The 
fact  is,  as  mentioned  in  our  first  report, 
tbat  at  the  anniversary  meeting  of  the  So- 
ciety the  Council  recommended  that  Dr. 
Grant  and  Mr.  Robt.  Gordon,  with  three 
others,  should  be  removed  from  that  body. 
A  difference  of  opinion,  however,  arose 
in  the  Society  as  to  the  propriety  of  re- 
moving these  two  gentlemen,  and  a  coun- 
ter or  opposition  list  was  the  result.  In 
consequence  of  some  informality  in  the 
proceedings  at  the  anniversary  meeting, 
the  ballot  was  adjourned  to  the  27th  of 
Mav.  when  the  Council  were  successful 
in  carrying  their  list.    The  result  of  which 
i.«  that  Dr.  Grant  and  Mr.  R.  Gordon 
have  ceased  to  be  members  of  the  Coun- 
cil.   What  has  subsequently  taken  place 
in  the  Society  we  have  correctly  reported, 
and  we  are  happy  to  say,  that  all  diffe- 
rences between  the  Council,  or  a  portion 
of  the  Council,  and  the  non-official  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  are  at  un  end. 

At  the  ordinary  monthly  meeting  which 
took  place  July  2,  N.  A.  Vigors,  Esq., 
ALP.,  in  the  chair,  sixty-four  candidates 
were  balloted  for  and  duly  elected  Fel- 
lows of  the  Society. 

The  report  enumerated  various  dona- 
tions to  the  Menagerie,  the  Museum,  and 
the  Library.  It  stated  tbat  the  number 
of  visiters  to  the  Gardens  in  the  month 
of  June  was  41,801,  and  the  money  re- 
ceived at  the  gates  1,366.  16*.  That 
the  number  of  visiters  to  the  Museum  in 
the  same  month  was  4-92,  and  the  money 
thceived  for  such  admissions,  £7.  <Lr.  The 
report  also  mentioned  the  great  increase 
rest  had  taken  place  in  the  number  of 
thsirers  to  the  Gardens  on  Sundays,  up- 
viatds  of  3,000  having  on  several  late  oc- 
casions been  present. 


BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

From  late  returns,  it  appears  that  the 
total  number  of  printed  books,  in  1821, 
was  115,925,  and  in  1832  this  amount 
was  increased  to  218,957,  the  accession  of 
the  magnificent  and  unique  library,  col- 
lected by  King  George  III.  having  made 
an  addition  of  70,000  volumes.    As  the 
present  catalogue  of  the  Museum  books 
is  merely  alphabetical,  under  the  name  of 
the  author,  a  classed  catalogue  has  been 
in  preparation  for  many  years.    If  it  be 
not  thought  expedient  to  commence  the 
printing  of  this  work  at  present,  a  tran- 
script of  each  class,  that  has  been  nearly 
completed,  might  be  placed  in  the  Read- 
ing-room, and  be  made  at  once  available 
to  the  reader.    In  the  year  1821,  the  total 
number  of  manuscripts  was  17,937,  and 
of  charters  16.423.    In  1832,  there  were 
21,604  MSS.  and  19,093 charters.  A  ge- 
neral index  to  these  inestimable  treasures, 
has,  we  believe,  been  for  some  years  in 
preparation,  and  the  completion  of  it  is 
known  to  be  a  desideratum  with  every 
antiquary  and  lover  of  English  history. 

We  were  much  interested  in  observing, 
near  the  Gallery  of  Antiquities,  two  tables 
with  glass-cases,  containing  five  models 
of  ancient  Cromlechs  yet  remaining  at 
the  following  places,  viz :  One  near  Lis- 
keard  ;  one  at  Lanyon,  Cornwall ;  a  dou- 
ble Cromlech  at  Plas-Newydd  in  An- 
glesey ;  one  at  Chun,  Cornwall ;  and  one 
at  Duffrin  near  Cardiff,  South  Wales. 
They  have  been  modelled  (con  amore) 
and  recently  presented  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  British  Museum  (who  have  hand- 
somely mounted  and  displayed  them)  by 
Richard  Tongue,  esq.  the  gentleman  who 
presented  two  paintings  of  Druid ical  sub- 
jects to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  at 
Somerset  House,  as  noticed  in  p.  80. 
These  models  give  a  very  accurate  idea  of 
the  objects  they  represent,  as  they  are 
made  from  the  original  drawings  and  ad- 
measurements, to  the  scale  of  an  inch  to 
the  foot,  and  they  are  tinted  to  resemble 
nature. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 

Egyptian  antiquities.  preceding  collections,  as  well  as  the 

Since  our  last  a  highly  interesting  col-  present,  will  interest  our  readers, 

lection  of  Egyptian  Antiquities,  the  pro-  "  Three  collections  of  Egyptian  An- 

pertr  of  the  late   Henry   Salt,  Esq.,  tiquities  were*formed  by  Mr.  Salt  during 

Consul-general  in  Egypt,  has  been  dis-  his  residence,  as   Consul  -  general,  in 

po*ed  of  by  auction  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  Egypt.   On  his  arrival,  in  1816,  he  found 

and  Son.    This  sale  continued  nine  day*,  that  M.  Drovetti,  French  Consul,  was  in 

and  produced  7,168/.  18*.  6U   This  being  Upper  Egypt,  employed  in  buying  up 

the  third  collection  made  by  our  late  every  thing  that  might  add  to  the  collec- 

spirited  countryman,  the  history  of  the  tion  of  Antiquities  which  he  bad  becu 


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188 


<    .     Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Aug. 


several  years  in  forming,  with  the  view  of 
disposing  of  them  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment.   At  this  period,  few  Egyptian 
relics,  and,  comparatively  speaking,  no 
collection,  had  been  brought  to  this  coun- 
try :  Mr.  Salt,  therefore,  endeavoured  to 
persuade  Drovetti  to  offer  his  collection 
to  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum. 
In  the  meantime,  however,  Mr.  Salt's 
natural  taste  for  antiquarian  research,  com- 
bined with  the  ambition  that  this,  his  own 
country,  should,  equally  with  France  or 
any  other  foreign  country,  possess  the 
means  of  throwing  *ome  light  upon  the 
character  and  history  ol  the  ancient  Egyp- 
tians, induced  him  to  enter  that  field, 
which,  though  exceeding  far  in  interest 
all  others  of  remote  antiquarian  research, 
has  proved  fatat  to  several  of  those  persons 
who  were  the  most  enterprising  and  zea- 
lous in  the  cause  they  had  espoused.  The 
removal,  in  1816,  from  Thebes  to  Alex- 
andria, of  the  colossal  head  of  the  younger 
Memnon,  was  Mr.  Salt's  first  great  under- 
taking, in  which  he  was  joined  by  that 
eminent  traveller  Mr.  Burckhardt.  To 
the  kindness  and  liberality  of  Mr.  Salt,  is 
this  country  indebted  for  the  knowledge 
of  Belzoni ;  for  at  this  period  Belzoni,  a 
man  of  great  mechanical  ingenuity,  had 
failed  in  an  undertaking  of  watering,  by 
an  hydraulic  machine,  the  gardens  of  the 
seraglio  of  Mahomed  AH :  this  placed 
Belzoni  in  much  distress;  but  Messrs. 
Salt  and  Burckhardt,  fully  aware  of  bis 
mechanical  resources  and  feeling  com- 
passion for  his  misfortunes,  instantly  took 
him  into  their  employ  for  the  removal  of 
the  previously  alludcd-to  head,  which  now 
adorns  tbe  Egyptian  Gallery  at  the  British 
Museum.    Mr.  Salt  also  engaged  that  he 
should  excavate,  and,  further,  provided  him 
with  the  means  of  purchasing  antiquities 
on  his  (Mr.  Sail's)  account.    The  collec- 
tion that  was  at  this  period  formed,  was 
sent  to  this  country;  it  consisted  princi- 
pally of  large  statues,  and  was  ultimately 
purchased  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum  ;  and  to  which  Museum  Mr.  Salt 
presented  several  objects  of  great  interest 
and  magnificence.    In  1819,  the  Greek, 
Giovanni  D'Athanasi,  commonly  known 
by  the  nameot  "  Yanni,"  who  had  been  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  Salt  as  interpreter  to  Mr. 
Beechey,  at  the  opening  ot  the  temple  of 
Ahousimbel,  and  subsequently  during  Bel- 
zoni's  researches  in  the  pyramids,  was  en- 
gaged by  Mr.  Salt  to  supply  Belzoni's 
place.    It  was  from  this  period  until  the 
year  1824s  tnat  the  collection,  sold  by 
Mr.  Salt  to  the  French  Government  for 
10,000/.  was  formed.    The  purchase  of 
that  collection  was  not  completed  until 
April  1826 ;  but  from  the  year  1824,  until 
.  a  few  months  previous  to  the  lamented 


decease  of  Mr.  Salt,  D'Athanasi  was  em- 
ployed in  making  excavations,  and  in  the 
formation  of  the  present  collection,*  a 
portion  of  which  Mr.  Salt  bad  transmit- 
ted to  Leghorn  only  three  weeks  before 
his  death,  which  took  place  in  Oct.  1827. 
From  that  period  the  collection  remained 
at  Leghorn,  until  its  destination  to  this 
country  for  sale  by  public  auction." 

It  appears  that  the  desire  to  possess 
objects  of  such  remote  antiquity  and  high 
interest,  is  considerably  on  the  increase  in 
this  country.  The  prices  obtained  in 
general  were  very  liberal,  and  we  noticed 
several  new  purchasers  ;  but  tbe  great  pro- 
portion of  the  valuable  articles  have  become 
national  property;  the  Trustees  of  tbe 
British  Museum  having  laudably  laid  out 
above  4.500/.  at  this  sale.  At  tbe  end  of 
the  Catalogue  were  enumerated  a  few 
articles  of  Egyptian  Antiquities,  tbe  pro- 
perty of  the  widow  of  Belzoni;  these 
were  not  sold  by  auction,  as  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  British  Museum  liberally  took 
them  at  110/..  that  being  the  sum  named 
by  Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby,  to  lie  about 
tbe  value,  as  he  felt  that  by  public  com- 
petition they  might  not  have  produced 
so  much.  This  information  we  were 
glad  to  receive,  as  it  reflects  much  credit 
on  the  Government  by  the  power  invested 
in  the  gentlemen  appointed  to  purchase 
for  the  British  Museum.  The  Catalogue 
is  well  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby, 
with  the  assistance  of  Giovanni  D'Atha- 
nasi, who  came  over  to  this  country  to 
attend  the  sale,  and  to  give  information  as 
to  the  places  where  the  various  objects 
were  found,  which  adds  much  to  the 
interest  of  the  Catalogue.  In  selecting  a 
list  of  the  principal  articles,  we  shall 
endeavour  to  classify  the  curious  objects 
as  much  as  possible. 

Mammies. — A  Priest,  5  ft.  3  in.  high, 
with  two  cases;  face  well-proportioned; 
eyes  set  in  bronze,  inside  first  case  the 
figures  of  Osiris,  &c.  with  numerous  hie- 
roglyphics, 15/.  15*.,  Pettigrew. — A  Fe- 
male, 5ft.  6  in.  high,  with  case  ;  the  body 
was  enveloped  in  a  case  of  composition, 
which  was  ornamented  with  figures  and 
hieroglyphics,  17/.— A  Male,  Gneco- 
Egyptian,  5ft.  Tin.  high;  interesting; 
body,  arms,  and  legs,  separately  enve- 
loped, and  curiously  bandaged,  13/.  5*. — 
Gra?co  Egyptian  Mummy,  in  painted 
cloth,  4/.  10*.  Mr.  Pettigrew;  who  also 
bought,  for  10/.  10*.,  the  wooden  Sarco- 
phagus, 7  feet  long,  covered  with  figures, 
&e.   belonging  to  the  first-mentioned 

*  D'Athanasi  has  prepared  for  publi- 
cation an  account  of  his  Researches  in 
Upper  Egypt,  which  will  shortly  appear, 
with  engravings. 


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189 


mummy.    This  ca*e  is  very  turious,  and, 
with  the  assistance   of  Lord  Prudhoe 
and  other  learned  friends,  Air.  Pettigrew 
has  discovered  the  name  and  age  of  this 
priest ;  he  intends  to  open  the  mummy 
tor  the  gratification  of  the  public. — The 
Mummy  of  a  Royal  Personage,  in  two 
cases;  a  most  magnificent  specimen;  the 
body  5  ft.  10  in.  long,  enveloped  in  a  com- 
position laid  on  linen,  coloured  blue,  as  a 
ground  for  the   ornaments  and  hiero- 
glyphics in  gold,  placed  on  it  in  relief; 
on  either  side  the  head  was  a  cartouche, 
and  similar  ones  at  tbe  feet.    The  outer 
case  was  highly  ornamented,  the  front  like 
tbe  body,  but  the  lower  part  had  six  long 
lines  of  hieroglyphics,  with  a  cartouche, 
and  the  figures  of  Amcnti,  &c.    The  in- 
ner p  >rt  of  this  case  is  entirely  covered 
with  figures  and  hieroglyphics.    This  is 
tbe  only  mummy  hitherto  found  with  its 
case  thus  adorned,  and  containing  two  car- 
touches like  those  at  the  head,  being  sy. 
nonymous  of  Onru.    The  outer  case 
was  near  8  ft.  high,  and  entirely  covered 
with  hieroglyphics  on  a  black  ground. 
This  was  bought  for  the  British  Museum 
for  320/.  5t.* — A  Priest,  5ft.  Tin.  high, 
found  at  Thebes,  painted  over  in  gold  and 
colours,  with  various  deities,  12/.  15*., 
British  Museum. —  A  Graro- Egyptian 
Male  Mummy,  5  ft.  6  in.  with  its  cane, 
from  Thebes.  Down  the  centre  was  a  line 
of  hieroglyphics  in  black,  27/.,  M«Meen. 
—The  Covering  of  a  Female  Mummy, 
5ft.  9  in.,  25/.,  M'Meen — Mummy  ot  a 


Dancing  Girl,  5  ft.  high,  28/.  5*.,  British 
Museum. — Greco- Egyptian  Male  Mum- 
my, 5  ft.  high,  2/  3*.  Sams. 

Objects  in  Wood.  —  The  following 
curious  articles  were  all  secured  for  the 
British  Museum. — A  Spoon,  in  the  shape 
of  a  fish,  to.  5*.— A  Tablet,  painted,  in 
two  compartments;  the  upper,  with  a 
boat ;  tbe  lower,  offerings  to  Osiris,  1U 
lot. — A  Cassolette,  covered  with  ivory, 
13/.  5*. — A  Board,  painted,  with  the 
figure  of  a  king  seated,  with  two  car- 
touches, 42/.— Two  Tablets,  with  hie- 
ratic characters,  7/.  — Tbe  model  of  a 
Boat,  as  represented  in  funeral  proces- 
sions ;  the  corpse  is  on  a  stand  under  a 

canopy,  highly  curious,  77/.  I4t  Another 

model  of  a  Boat,  with  a  priest  holding  a 
roil  of  papyrus  82/.— Model  of  an  Egyp- 
tian Houkc,  with  its  court  yard,  unique, 
84/.  — Painted  Stand  for  Offerings,  12/.  5c 

—  Painted  Table  on  three  legs,  91.  5*.  

Eight  Chairs  and  Seats,  found  at  Thebes, 
of  various  patterns,  and  not  to  be  found 
in  any  collection,  at  various  prices,  from 
5/.  17*.  (id.  to  41/.  15#— A  Mummy, 
with  its  base  and  attributes,  covered  with 
hieroglyphics,  28  in.  high,  11  5t.  —  A 
Coffer  of  ebony,  9  in.  long,  tbe  largest 
yet  found.  15L  5t.— Female,  in  a  Nubian 
dress,  with  four  lines  of  hieroglyphics, 

12  in.  high,  11/.  5#„  bought  by  Mr.  Hay. 

—  A  painted  Box,   with  hieroglyphics, 

13  in.  high,  20/.  5*.,  bought  by  Lord 
Prudhoe. 

(7b  be  continued.) 


•  Various  opinions  were  held  as  to  the  propriety  of  assigning  this  mummy  to  a 
royal  personage,  owing,  we  believe,  to  the  hieroglyphics  on  tbe  cases  stating  it  to  be 
that  of  the  Priest  of  Osiris.    Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby,  on  selling  it,  made  a  few  obser- 
vations to  tbe  following  effect :  From  the  information  be  had  obtained  on  the  sub- 
ject, he  considered  that  this  mummy  equalled,  if  not  exceeded  in  splendour,  any 
one  tbat  had  hitherto  been  found;  that  it  was  an  extraordinary  circumstance,  that 
all  the  mummies  of  the  same  magnificence  tbat  had  ever  been  discovered,  were  those 
of  priests,  and  that  during  all  the  researches  and  excavations  made  in  Egypt, 
the  mummy  of  a  king,  or  even  that  of  a  royal  personage,  had  not  been  found;  and] 
furthermore,  no  information  on  that  subject  was  to  be  gained  in  the  works  of  either 
tbe  ancient  or  modem  historians.    From  this  he  argued,  merely  for  the  purpose  of 
putting  forth  an  opinion^  whether  the  office  of  the  High  Priest  of  Osiris  might  not 
tare  been  nominally  held  by  the  King  himself.    Osiris  was  worshipped  by  the 
Egyptians  as  their  highest  Deity ;  he  was  looked  upon  as  tbe  Governor  of  the  eaethy 
and,  as  at  that  time  the  church  by  far  preceded  the  state,  it  might  be  conjectured  that 
the  king  filled  tbat  situation,  whereby  he  himself  represented  Osiris,  in  the  same  way 
that  many  of  the  Koman  emperors  took  upon  themselves  the  title  of  Pontifex 
Majrimut.    From  this  conjecture,  Mr.  L.  Sotheby  inferred,  rf  the  kings  did  sustain 
tbe  office  of  High  Priest,  that,  as  the  spiritual  preceded  the  temporal  affairs,  so  would 
the  title  of  High  Priest  precede  that  of  King ;  and,  under  such  circumstances,  the 
king  would  be  buried  as  the  High  Priest  of  Osiris.    He  further  added,  in  support  of 
his  argument,  tbut  the  decorations  and  figures  contained  in  the  inside  of  tbe  interior 
case  of  tbe  present  mummy,  were  precisely  the  same  as  represented  in  the  interior  of 
tbe  tombs  of  the  kings,  and  that  the  present  wus  the  only  case  so  ornamented  as  yet 
discover*!. 


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190 


QAug. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS   IN  PARLIAMENT. 


House  of  Commons. 
June  24.  The  House  went  into  Com- 
mittee  on  the  Municipal  Reform  Bill, 
when  the  10th  clause  came  under  consi- 
deration, the  object  of  which,  with  the 
amendments  proposed  by  Lord  /.  Runaell, 
was  to  provide  that  no  person  should  claim 
any  share  or  benefit  in  the  common  lands 
or  public  stock  of  cities,  boroughs,  &c. 
who  was  not  a  citizen,  burgess,  or  inha- 
bitant, or  the  wife  or  widow  of  a  citizen, 
&c.  of  some  borough,  or  under  indentures 
of  apprenticeship  in  some  borough,  on 
the  5th  of  June  in  the  present  year.  The 
provision  would  not  apply  to  those  who, 
by  the  accident  of  birth,  were  entitled  to 
be  freemen  on  coming  of  age.  After  a 
good  deal  of  discussion,  Lord  John  Rus- 
eelPs  amendments  were  agreed  to. 
•  June  26.  Lord  Morpeth  brought  for- 
ward a  motion  on  the  subject  of  Tithes 
in  Ireland.  He  observed,  that  by  the 
first  part  of  his  plan  it  was  intended  to 
remit  the  million  of  money  which  had 
been  advanced  to  the  Irish  lay  and  eccle- 
siastical applicants.  Several  landlords 
had  undertaken  to  pay  the  Clergy  in  the 
north  and  Protestant  parts  of  Ireland  the 
amount  of  their  composition.  Those 
landlords  not  having  acted  in  compliance 
with  the  spirit  of  the  law,  it  was  intended 
to  exempt  the  occupying  tenant  from  the 
payment  of  the  money  so  advanced,  and 
to  give  the  Government  the  power  of  pro- 
ceeding against  such  landlords  as  pos- 
sessed the  first  estate  of  inheritance  for 
the  arrears  of  1834.  In  the  next  place, 
it  was  intended  to  convert  the  tithe  into 
an  annual  rent-charge  on  the  first  estate 
of  inheritance,  equal  to  seven-tenths  ;  that 
was  70/.  for  every  100/.  The  Bill  of  last 
year  made  the  rent -charge  equal  to  three - 
fifths,  or  60/.  per  annum ;  but  then  the 
perpetuity-fund  was  to  be  saddled  with  a 
large  sum,  and  there  was  to  be  no  remis- 
sion of  the  million  loan.  The  expense  of 
collecting  the  rent-charge  was  to  be 
charged  on  all  tithe-owners,  deducting 
from  the  amount  so  collected  6d.  in  the 
pound.  A  difference  was  to  be  made  be- 
tween lay  and  clerical  tithe-owners,  inas- 
much as  the  latter  had  their  duties  to  at- 
tend to,  and  as  they  had  been  reduced  to 
a  state  of  great  distress,  not  by  any  fault 
of  their  own,  but  by  those  who  were  the 
upholders  of  a  ruinous  and  pernicious 
system.  The  annual  income  of  the  cler- 
gyman would  then  amount  to  73/.  5*., 
upon  which  they  proposed  to  place  an  ad- 


ditional  charge  of  5/.    With  respect  to 
the  proportion  of  Protestants  and  Catho- 
lics, there  was  in  some  districts  a  very 
great  disproportion.     It  was  therefore 
their  intention  to  call  upon  the  House  to 
suspend  the  patent  to  every  benefice  in 
which  the  Protestants  should  not  be  found 
to  exceed  fifty.    In  some  parishes  there 
was  no  glebe,  no  church,  and  no  church- 
man.   Now,  if  in  a  parish  so  circum- 
stanced it  should  happen  that  a  Protes- 
tant family  might  come  to  reside,  or  if  a 
casual  traveller  or  visitor  stood  in  need 
of  the  spiritual  assistance  of  a  Protestant 
clergyman,  it  was  their  intention  to  leave 
no  part  of  the  country  unprovided  for, 
even  in  this  respect,  and  the  cure  of  souls 
of  such  Protestants  was  to  be  committed 
to  a  neighbouring  clergyman,  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Bishop,  at  a  stipend  of 
five  pounds  a  year— on  the  principle  that 
where  there  was  no  duty  there  should  be 
no  pay.    The  present  Bill  provided  that 
sooner  than  a  parish,  no  matter  how  few 
Protestants  in  it,  should  be  left  to  the 
superintendence  of  a  neighbouring  cler- 
gyman, a  separate  Curate  should  be  ap- 
pointed, with  a  salary  not  exceeding  75/. 
and  as  much  of  the  glebe  lands  as  the 
commissioners  should  appoint,  not  ex- 
ceeding 25/.  per  annum.    Proper  places 
of  worship  were  to  be  erected,  or  hired, 
in  every  parish  which  did  not  already  pos- 
sess them.     They  might  not  suit  the 
palmy  days  of  architectural  greatness  and 
parish-paid  organs,  but  they  would  amply 
suit  the  purposes  of  their  limited  congre- 
gations, who  would  be  satisfied  with  the 
humble  roof  which  would  only  be  vocal  to 
their  Maker's  praise.    With  regard  to  the 
income  of  parishes,  the  Lord  Lieutenant 
would  be  empowered  to  reduce  them,  hav- 
ing taken  the  advice  of  the  commissioners 
on  the  proportionate  ecclesiastical  expen- 
diture of  the  parish,  such  reduction  to 
take  place  in  no  instance  below  300/. 
per  annum.    The  surplus  which  would  in 
this  case  accrue  to  the  Government  was 
to  be  applied  by  the  Commissioners  of 
Education  to  the  moral  and  religious  edu- 
cation of  all  classes  of  the  people,  without 
regard  to  religious  distinction.    The  No- 
ble Lord,  in  reviewing  the  state  of  the 
Irish  Established  Church,  with  a  view  to 
the  reduction  of  revenues,  for  which,  he 
maintained,  no  duty  was  performed,  stated 
that  in  the  28  dioceses  of  Ireland  there 
were  no  less  than  151  parishes  without 
any  Protestants  ;  those  which  contained 


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18:*5.] 


Proceedingt  t*  Parliament. 


191 


less  than  10  amounted  to  194 ;  less  than 
SO,  198  ;  less  than  30,  133  ;  less  than  40, 
10"  ;  less  than  50,  77.    The  whole  num- 
ber which  came  under  the  operation  of 
the  Bill  would  be  865  parishes.  These 
were  the  main  provisions  of  the  Bill.  It 
covered  much  ground,  and  touched  many 
beads ;   therefore  he  was  aware  that  it 
would  meet  many  assailants.    He  main- 
tained, however,    that  a  reduction  was 
called  for  of  a  superabundant  Establish- 
ment, and   he   conscientiously  believed 
that  the  Bill,  instead  of  robbery  and  pil- 
lage, would  be  productive  of  new  sources 
of  vitality  to  the  Established  Church.  It 
was  to  ratify  the  existence  of  that  Church, 
and  its  further  extension,  that  he  brought 
in  the  Bill,  and  to  put  an  end  to  those  ano- 
malies which  had  long  made  it  a  subject 
of  contemptuous  reproach  and  religious 
acrimony.    With  these  views  he  had  the 
honour  and  the  pleasure  to  move  for  leave 
to  bring  in  a  Bill  for  the  better  regulation 
of  Church  Revenues  in  Ireland,  and  to 
appropriate  their  surplus  to  the  purpose 
of  the  moral  and  religious  education  of 
the  people. 

Sir  H.  Hardmge,  Mr.  Shaw,  Lord 
Stanley,  Sir  R.  Peel,  and  Mr.  Goulbum 
expressed  themselves  opposed  to  the  prin- 
ciple of  the  Bill,  which  met  the  warm 
concurrence  of  Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  Walker, 
and  Lord  John  Russell.  Leave  was  even- 
tually given  to  bring  in  the  Bill. 

June  29.    Mr.  Praed  moved  for  copies 
of  the  correspondence  with  the  Board  of 
Directors  on  the  subject  of  the  revocation 
of  the  appointment  of  Lord  Heytesbury 
as  Governor-general  of  India.— Sir  J. 
H<ihkou*e  resisted  the  motion,  as  incon- 
venient in  principle  and  practice,  to  pro- 
duce confidential  correspondence.  The 
question  led  to  a  long  discussion,  and 
eventually  to  a  division,  when  there  ap- 
peared, for  the  motion  179  ;  against  it  254. 

Lord  John  Russell   moved  that  the 
House  resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  on 
the  Municipal  Corporation  Reform 
Bill.    The  11th  clause  was  taken  into 
consideration,  which  enacts,  44  that  every 
person,  in  any  borough,  may  keep  any 
shop  for  the  sale  of  all  lawful  wares  and 
merchandize,  by  wholesale  or  retail,  and 
u>e  every  lawful  trade,  occupation,  mys- 
tery and  handicraft,  for  hire,  gain,  sale, 
or  otherwise,  within  any  borough  ;  any 
custom  within  such  borough  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding."    After  some  dis- 
ruption, on  an  amendment  proposed  by 
Col.  Sibthorpe,  the  clause  was  ordered  to 
stand  part  of  the  BilL    Clauses  1 2  and  1 3 , 
with  some  trifling  amendments,  were  then 
assented  to. 

The  Rom  ax  Catholic  Marriage  Bill 
TO  then  read  a  third  time,  and  passed. 


June  30.  The  various  clauses  of  the 
Municipal  Corporation  Bill  were  pro- 
ceeded with.  On  the  20th  clause  being 
brought  forward,  Sir  R.  Peel  proposed  an 
amendment,  that  in  a  town  divided  into 
wards,  no  person  should  be  eligible  to 
serve  in  the  corporation  council  unless 
he  was  seised  of  real  or  personal  estates 
to  the  amount  of  1 ,000/.  or  that  disjoin- 
tively  he  should  occupy  a  house  rated  for 
the  support  of  the  poor  at  40/.  With  re- 
spect to  towns  not  divided  into  wards,  he 
proposed  to  reduce  the  qualification,  and 
to  make  it,  that  those  elected  to  the  town 
council  should,  in  like  manner,  possess 
pioperty  of  500/.  or  be  rated  at  not  less 
than  20/.  a  year. — Sir  J.  C.  Hoi  house 
resisted  the  amendment,  as  it  would  ma- 
terially alter  the  character  of  the  Bill. — 
I«ord  /.  Russell  opposed  it,  as  he  con- 
ceived it  would  operate,  not  only  injuri- 
ously in  many  boroughs,  in  restricting  the 
means  of  many  selections  ;  but  in  others, 
absolutely  to  prevent  the  opportunity  of 
getting  adequate  numbers  for  the  councils. 
After  an  animated  discussion,  the  Com- 
mittee came  to  a  division,  when  there  ap- 
peared, for  the  original  clause,  267  ;  for 
the  amendment,  176  ;  being  a  majority  of 
44  in  favour  of  Ministers. 

July  1,2,  3,  and  6.  The  various  clauses 
of  the  Municipal  Corporation  Re- 
form Bill,  were  debated  in  Committee, 
and  some  divisions  took  place  on  minor 
points,  generally  in  favour  of  the  minis- 
terial plan.    The  principal  alteration  of 
the  bill  during  its  progress  was  regarding 
the  division  of  towns  into  wards.    At  the 
suggestion  of  Lord  Stanley,  it  was  agreed 
that,  if  there  be  more  than  12,000  inhabi- 
tants, and  not  more  than  18,000,  there 
are  to  be  two  wards ;  if  there  be  more 
than  18,000,  and  less  than  24,000,  the 
borough  is  to  be  divided  into  four  wards, 
so  that  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  a 
ward  will  rarely  exceed  9000.    The  79th 
clause  received  several  additions,  not  al- 
tering its  essential  principle  of  placing  all 
the  borough  funds  under  the  control  of 
the  council,  but  appropriating  them  more 
certainly  and  stringently  to  the  payment 
of  all  debts  legally  contracted  heretofore 
by  the  borough. 

July  7,  The  County  Coroners' 
Court  Bill  went  through  Committee  ; 
when  it  was  decided,  on  the  proposition 
of  Mr.  Poulter,  after  a  division  of  44 
against  37,  that  for  the  future  the  Courts 
held  by  the  Coroner  should  be  open  to 
the  public,  who  were  to  be  excluded  only 
under  very  peculiar  circumstances,  where, 
to  further  the  ends  of  justice,  secresy  was 
indispensable  —  and  even  in  those  in- 
stances, the  Coroner  could  not  close  the 


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192 

court  against  them  without  the  concur- 
rence of  the  jury. 

Lord  Morpeth  brought  forward  the  im- 
portant Bill  "  for  the  better  Regulation  of 
Ecclesiastical  Revenues,  and  the 
Promotion  of  Religious  and  Moral  In- 
struction in  Ireland,"  the  details  of  which 
were  given  on  his  Lordship's  obtaining 
leave  to  bring  in  the  Bill ;  see  p.  190.  It 
was  read  a  first  time  amidst  loud  cheering. 
— Sir  R.  Peel  then  stated  that  he  should 
not  oppose  the  second  rending  of  the  Bill, 
but  that  he  should  move,  on  going  into 
committee,  that  it  be  an  instruction  to 
the  Committee  to  divide  the  Bill  into 
two  ;  separating  that  portion  of  it  which 
related  to  the  regulation  of  Tithes  from 
that  which  referred  to  the  appropriation 
of  Church  property.  To  the  former  part 
of  the  Bill,  with  some  modifications,  he 
did  not  object ;  but  to  the  latter  he  should 
offer  the  most  strenuous  oppositiou. 

July  8.  Sir  R.  Muagrave  moved  the 
second  reading  of  a  Bill  for  the  adoption 
of  Poor  Laws  in  Ireland.  He  spoke 
strongly  in  support  of  the  measure, 
and,  after  alluding  to  the  extremity  of 
want  to  which  the  poor  of  that  country 
were  often  reduced  by  deficient  crops,  con- 
cluded by  recommending  Poor  Laws  as 
the  only  means  of  securing  them  from  the 
evils  of  starvation. — Lord  Morpeth  re- 
minded the  House  that  he  had  redeemed 
his  promise  by  presenting  the  first  re- 
port of  the  Commissioners  on  the  state 
of  the  poor.  He  maintained  that,  until 
they  had  the  whole  of  their  labours  be- 
fore them,  it  would  be  precipitate  and  un- 
wise  to  adopt  any  final  measure.  Upon 
this  ground,  he  advocated  the  postpone- 
ment of  the  question  until  next  session, 
when  the  subject  would  be  taken  up  by 
Government. — The  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer resisted  the  further  progress  of 
the  Bill,  on  the  same  ground  as  that 
stated  by  Lord  Morpeth.— Mr.  O'Connell 
supported  the  second  reading,  not  because 
he  approved  of  the  principle  of  poor-laws, 
for  in  his  opinion,  wherever  they  existed 
they  were  productive  of  mischief :  he  sup- 
ported the  Bill  to  avoid  something  worse. 
After  an  extended  discussion,  the  Bill  was 
read  a  second  time,  and  ordered  to  be 
committed  a  fortnight  hence ;  but  from 
the  opposition  of  Government  the  Bill 
was  considered  as  lost. 


House  of  Lords,  July  13. 
The  Earl  of  Radnor  moved  the  second 
reading  of  a  Bill,  the  object  of  which  was, 
to  repeal  the  law  which  required  subscip. 
tion  to  the  Thirty-nine  Articles  on 
Matriculation,  and  on  taking  the  degrees 
of  B.A.  and  M.A.  if  those  degrees  were 
taken  before  the  age  of  twenty-three.  His 
11 


[Aug. 

Lordship  strongly  insisted  on  the  absurdi- 
ty of  requiring  youths  to  subscribe  to  the 
truth  of  Articles  of  which  they  knew  no- 
thing — referred  to  the  practice  of  the 
foreign  Universities;  nay,  even  of  Oxford, 
as  to  that  particular — and  much  doubted 
how  the  late  Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  an 
avowed  Unitarian,  could  have  subscribed 
to  the  Articles.  The  noble  Lord  thea 
moved  that  the  Bill  be  read  a  second  time. 
— The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  strongly 
opposed  the  Bill.  He  considered  the  early 
subscription  required,  merely  a  mark  of 
the  youth's  adherence  to  the  Church  of 
England,  and  that  he  was  desirous  of 
being  instructed  in  the  Articles.  The 
consequences  of  the  course  at  present  pur- 
sued in  the  Universities  had  been,  that 
during  a  space  of  three  hundred  years  they 
had  preserved  religion  in  all  its  purity  ; 
that  polemical  controversies  had  been  ba- 
nished from  the  scats  of  those  sacred  in- 
stitutions, and  that  a  succession  of  learned 
and  well-principled  men  had  been  pro- 
duced to  fill  all  stations  in  the  difleient 
profcsMous  of  life,  and  in  the  several  de- 
partments of  the  State.  He  deprecated, 
therefore,  alteration  in  a  system  so  fruit- 
ful of  good.  His  Grace  concluded  by 
moving,  that  the  Bill  be  read  a  second 
time  that  day  six  months.— The  Bishop 
of  Llandafi  opposed  the  Bill.  He,  how- 
ever, hoped  that  the  Universities  would 
be  induced  to  modify  the  form  of  sub- 
scription, so  that  it  might  be  less  exposed 
to  animadversion. — The  Bishop  of  Glou- 
cester looked  upon  this  Bill  as  the  begin- 
ning of  a  series  of  measures  equally  hos- 
tile to  the  Universities  and  the  Church, 
and  he  hoped  their  Lordships  would  allow 
him  to  say,  that  whenever  an  attack  was 
designed  against  the  Church,  the  Univer- 
sities were  always  the  first  object  of  as- 
sault. — Viscount  Melbourne  thought  it 
desirable,  for  the  tranquillity  of  the  coun- 
try, that  the  differences  between  the  mem- 
bers of  religious  communities  should  no 
longer  be  continued  and  perpetuated  by 
their  separation  in  academical  pursuits 
and  distinctions.  That  a  subscription  to 
the  Articles  should  be  required  from  a 
boy  twelve  years  old,  without  any  exami- 
nation of  the  subject,  without  even  hav- 
ing heard  the  Articles  read,  was,  indeed, 
ridiculous. — The  Duke  of  Wellington  op- 
posed the  Bill.  The  object  was  to  give 
the  Dissenters  the  right  of  entrance  to  the 
Universities — a  proposition  to  which  he 
strongly  objected,  as  he  conceived  that 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  should  be  filled 
only  by  members  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  that  the  only  religion  taught 
there  should  be  that  of  the  Establishment. 
— The  House  then  divided  on  the  second 
reading:  content,  57;  not  content,  163. 


Proceedings  in  Parliament. 


■ 

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1 835-]  Proceedings 

In  the  House  ok  Commons,  the  same 
day,  the  Irish  Church  Bill  was  read  a 
second  time  without  discussion  ;  Lord  J. 
Rut*? I!  having  iatimated,  in  the  usual 
form,  that  his  Majesty  had  been  pleased 
to  place  at  the  service  of  the  House,  for 
the  purposes  of  the  Bill,  his  interest  in 
any  bene  aces  or  ecclesiastical  dignities  in 
Ireland. 


House  of  Commons,  July  16  and  17. 
Mr.  G.  Berkeley  moved  for  a  Com- 
mittee to  consider  the  propriety  of  appro- 
priating a  portion  of  the  strangers'  gal- 
lery to  the  accommodation  of  the  Indies. 
The  motion  was  opposed  by  Lord  ./.  Rut- 
*e//.  On  a  division,  there  appeared — for 
the  motion,  15*1  :  against  it,  104.  The 
Committee  was  then  appointed. 

On  the  motion  of  Lord  J.  Rwsell,  the 
Corporation  Rkform  Bill  was  re-com- 
roitted  ;  when  Mr.  Praed  moved  the  in- 
troduction of  a  clause  continuing  the  right 
of  voting  for  Members  of  Parliament  to 
•11  persons  who  had  enjoyed  that  right 
under  the  Reform  Bill.— Lord  J.  Rime// 
opposed  the  clause,  on  the  ground  that  it 
was  unnecessary. — Sir  R.  Peel  supported 
it.    After  a  long  conversation,  the  Com- 
mittee divided,  for  the  clause,  234 ;  against 
it,  262. — Mr.  J.  Pnnsonby  moved  as  an 
amendment  the  insertion  of  a  provision 
preserving  "  to  the  children  of  freemen 
■nd  persons  now  serving  apprenticeships 
their  corporate  rights." — This  proposi- 
tion also  gave  rise  to  a  long  discussion, 
*hen  the  Committee  again  divided — for 
the  amendment,  203  ;  against  it,  234.— 
Several  other  divisions  took  place  upon 
amendments  proposed,  all  of  which  were 
negatived.     The  remaining  clauses,  and 
schedules  A,  B,  C,  13,  and  E,  were  finally 
Agreed  to  ;  the  House  resumed,  and  the 
report  was  brought  up. 

July  20.  After  some  desultory  discus  - 
»ion,  and  trifling  amendments,  the  Mu- 
nicipal Corporations  Bill  was  read  a 
third  time  without  a  division,  and  passed. 


House  op  Lords,  July  21. 
The  Municipal  Corporations  Bill 


in  Parliament,  Utf 

was  read  a  first  time,  without  any  oppo- 
sition, and  ordered  to  be  read  a  second 
time  on  the  28th  instant. 


In  the  House  of  Commons,  the  same 
day,  the  House  resolved  itself  into  Com- 
mittee on  the  Irish  Church  Bill.— Sir 
R.  Peel  moved  that  it  be  an  instruction 
to  such  Committee  to  separate  the  Bill ; 
to  confine  that  portion  of  it  which  regards 
the  more  effectual  recovery  of  tithes  to 
one  Bill,  and  to  embody  what  concerned 
a  new  appropriation  of  the  Church  pro- 
perty in  another.     He  contended  that 
if  justice  could  prevail,  his  motion  would 
be  adopted.    He  deplored  that  there  had 
been  so  much  exaggeration  on  the  subject 
of  the  revenues  of  the  Irish  Church.  Dr. 
Doyle  had  written  that  the  amount  was 
44  several  millions,"  and  that  the  Protest- 
ants constituted  only  one-thirtieth  of  the 
population  ;  and  other  exaggerations  had 
beeu  equally  outrageous.    He  feared  that 
the  Government,  and  those  who  supported 
it,  sanctioned  this  Bill  because  they  had 
voted  for  a  resolution  for  party  purposes, 
and  which  had  caused  the  removal  of  the 
late  Administration.    As  to  surplus,  he 
declared  that  ail  the  documents  and  re- 
ports of  the  Government  proved  the  ex- 
pectation to  be  visionary,  and  he  there- 
fore held  that  the  pretence  of  a  surplus 
was  dishonest,  and  that  the  encourage- 
ment of  the  idea  was  only  calculated  to 
generate  delusions,  and  to  promote  the 
undermining  of  the  Protestant  Establish- 
ment.— The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
resisted  the  motion,  contending  that  the 
object  of  the  Right  Hon.  Baronet  was  not 
to  divide  the  Bill,  but  to  divide  the  House  ; 
for  that,  if  the  motion  were  sincere,  the 
success  of  it  would  not  accomplish  the 
Right  Hon.  Baronet's  object,  inasmuch 
as  the  principle  of  appropriation  pervaded 
the  whole  Bill.    The  discussion  was  then 
adjourned. 

July  22,  23.  The  adjourned  debate  on 
the  Irish  Church  Bill  was  carried  on 
with  great  animation  for  two  days,  when, 
on  a  division,  there  appeared,  for  Sir  R. 
Peel's  motion,  282  ;  against  it,  319.  Ma- 
jority in  fuvour  of  Ministers,  37. 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

The  trial  of  the  political  prisoners  en- 
gaged in  the  riots  of  Paris  and  Lyons, 
which  has  been  proceeding  for  some  time 
before  the  Houae  of  Peers,  (see  vol.  III. 
p.  650,)  has  lately  received  a  new  in- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


terest  by  the  escape  of  twenty-eight  of 
the  accused  from  the  prison  of  St.  Pela- 
gic They  escaped  by  making  a  subter- 
raneous passage  from  some  vaults  in 
which  they  were  placed,  into  an  adjoining 
garden.  The  fugitives  have  published  a 
paper,  in  which  they  declare  thnt  they 
2  C 


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194 

have  long  had  the  mean  a  in  their  power 
of  regaining  their  liberty,  but  that  they 
would  have  preferred  the  opportunity 
which  the  trial  would  have  afforded  of 
disseminating  their  republican  ideas,  had 
not  the  Peers,  by  their  late  decree,  re- 
solved to  separate  one  class  of  prisoners 
from  another,  disposing  of  the  cases  of 
those  from  Lyons  in  the  present  session, 
and  leaving  the  rest  without  trial  for  an- 
other year  in  prison. 

Twenty  persons  are  in  custody,  charged 
with  being  concerned  in  a  late  conspi- 
racy to  assassinate  King  Louis- Philippe. 
Their  leader  is  a  man  named  Bergeron, 
who  has  already  been  tried  and  acquitted 
of  a  similar  offence — namely,  tiring  a 
pistol  at  the  King,  as  he  was  going  to 
open  the  Chambers.  The  plan  of  the 
conspirators  was  to  kill  the  King  while 
passing  from  the  Tuilleries  to  Neuilly. 

A  very  considerable  quantity  of  fine 
statuary  marble  has  been  discovered  in 
Dauphi'ne,  department  of  L'Isere,  by  M. 
Breton,  captain  of  engineers.  The  Cha- 
mois hunters  have  long  said,  that  in  the 
torrent  which  passes  through  the  Val 
Sen<S  lies  a  beautiful  block,  on  which  are 
written  the  following  words:  "  Si  a  Gre- 
noble vous  me  portez,  cent  ecus  vous 
l'aurez."  After  several  attempts  to  find 
this  block,  M.  Breton,  in  the  summer  of 
1834,  reached  it,  and  found  it  inscribed 
as  above.  The  marble  is  very  white  and 
lustrous,  and  easily  cut.  The  council 
for  the  department  have  voted  funds  for 
working  quarries,  and  have  given  the  su- 
perintendence of  them  to  M.  Gaymard. 

HOLLAND. 

A  popular  tumult  took  place  at  Am- 
sterdam on  the  4th  of  July,  and  con- 
tinued the  whole  night.  Two  houses 
were  burnt  after  being  plundered,  and 
every  thing  in  the  hotel  of  the  Receiver- 
General  of  the  city  broken  to  pieces  or 
plundered.  The  armed  Schuttery  were 
on  the  spot,  but  refused  to  obey  the  or- 
ders of  the  officer  to  put  down  the  rioters. 
Although  three  hundred  Cuirassiers  were 
brought  up  to  prevent  an  attack  on  the 
hotel  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Government 
in  the  city,  every  thing  in  the  hotel  was 
broken  and  plundered,  the  coffers  were 
carried  off,  and  the  contents  distributed 
among  the  people  ;  and  it  was  not  till  to- 
wards the  morning  that,  by  distributing 
money  and  making  fair  promises  to  the 
people,  the  authorities  succeeded  in  ap- 
peasing the  tumult. 

SPAIN. 

The  cause  of  the  Queen,  since  our  last, 
presents  a  more  favorable  prospect.  Zu- 
malacarreguy,the  CarlistGeneral-in-chief, 
i*  dead  from'*  wound  received  in  the  leg  ; 


[Aug. 

and  the  siege  of  Bilbo*  has  been  raised, 
the  troops  of  the  Queen,  to  the  amount 
of  20,000  men,  having  entered  that  city 
on  the  1st  of  July.  Don  Carlos  esta- 
blished his  head  quarters  at  Onate  on  the 
30th  of  June. 

A  part  of  the  British  troops  have  al- 
ready arrived  at  St.  Sebastian.  Their 
presence  has  tended  to  raise  the  spirits  of 
the  Queen's  supporters,  and  it  is  now  ge- 
nerally believed  that  the  insurrection  in 
the  Basque  provinces  will  shortly  be 
brought  to  a  close.  It  is  also  supposed, 
that  the  Carlist  bands,  which  were  held 
together  by  the  powerful  influence  of  Zu- 
malacarrcguy,  will  soon  be  scattered,  now 
that  the  celebrated  chief  has  been  cut  off 
in  the  midst  of  his  career. 

A  treaty  has  been  just  concluded  with 
the  Spanish  Government,  which  will,  it 
is  believed,  have  the  effect  of  wholly  put- 
ting an  end  to  the  slave-trade.  By  the 
new  treaty,  the  owners  and  crews  of 
slavers  are  to  be  punished  as  piratical 
robbers, —  vessels  fitting  and  preparing 
may  be  seized  and  condemned  as  if  they 
were  laden  with  their  c^irgo,  and  previous 
to  their  sale  are  to  be  broken  to  pieces, 
so  that  they  may  never  be  used  again — 
and  all  slaves  captured  by  British  cruizers 
are  made  over  to  the  British  Government. 
In  short,  the  new  treaty  puts  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  slave  trade,  which  now  almost 
solely  flourishes  under  the  Spanish  flag, 
entirely  in  British  hands. 

ITALY. 

There  are  now  published  in  Italy  170 
Scientific  and  Literary  Journals.  Of  these 
24  appear  at  Naples,  19  at  Milan,  10  at 
Venice,  i)  at  Rome,  8  at  Turin,  7  at  Pa- 
lermo, 7  at  Florence,  and  6  at  Bologna. 

GREECE. 

It  appears  by  letters  from  Greece  that 
King  Otho  ascended  the  throne  on  the 
1st  of  June,  when  his  minority  ended, 
at  Athens,  with  nil  those  forms  and  cere- 
monies which  are  usual  in  monarchies  of 
longer  standing.  Upon  that  occasion  he 
made  his  profession  of  political  views, 
which  appears,  from  its  silence  upon  the 
great  point  of  a  Constitution,  to  have 
caused  great  disappointment  to  his  sub- 
jects. According  to  letters  from  Athens, 
his  refusal  to  conform  to  the  Greek 
Church  has  excited  particular  displeasure. 

UNITED  STATES. 

The  United  States  of  America  now  pay 
annuities  to  about  SO  different  tribes  or 
communities  of  Indians,  amounting  to 
more  than  500,000  dollars  per  annum. 
Among  the  annuitants  are  the  following 
tribes  :  the  Senccas,  Ottawa*.  Wyandot*, 
Munsees,  Delaware*,  Miamies,  Eel  Ri- 


Foreign  News. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Foreign  and  Domestic  News. 


vers,  Pottawatamies,  Chippewas,  Minne- 
bagoes,  Menomonies,  Sioux,  ;  Yanctous, 
Sabties,  Omahas,   Lacs,  Foxes,  loways, 
Ottoes,    Missouri  as,    Kanzas,  Osage?, 
Kkkapoos,  Kaskaskias,  Peorias,  Weas, 
Piankashaws,      Sihawauees,  Choctaws, 
Chickasaws,    Creeks,    Cheroktes,  Qua- 
paws,  Puwnees,   &c.     The  Government 
appropriates  10,000  dollars  per  annum 
towards  the  maintenance  and  education 
of  young:  Indians.    In  addition  to  this, 
however,  much  has  been  done  by  various 
religious   denominations,  especially  the 
Baptist  and  Methodist  conventions.  There 
are  now  about  20  Indian  schools,  princi- 
pally within  their  own  precincts.  These 
schools  employ  about  40  teachers.  They 
teach  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  and 
geography.  The  present  number  of  scho- 
lars is  estimated  at  about  2000.    There  is 
also  an  academy  in  Kentucky,  which  con- 
tains about  170  Indian  pupils.    Many  of 
them  are  said  to  have  made  a  great  profi- 
ciency, and  the  institution  is  said  to  be 
flourishing. 

Temperance  Societies. — At  the  last  an- 
niversary meetirg  of  the  Boston  Tempe- 
rance Society,  held  on  the  20th  of  May, 


a  general  report  was  read,  which  stated 
the  following  remarkable  facts  : — 

There  are  State  Temperance  Societies 
in  every  State  but  one  of  the  Union  ; 
there  are  eight  thousand  local  Societies  ; 
four  thousand  distilleries  are  represented 
as  having  extinguished  their  fires;  eijht 
thousand  merchants  as  having  abandoned 
their  immoral  traffic;  and  twelve  hun- 
dred American  vessels  now  navigate  the 
ocean  without  the  use  of  alcohol.  The 
"  Temperance  Recorder,"  established  a 
few  years  since  by  the  New  York  State 
Temperance  Society,  for  the  purpose  of 
persuading  the  whole  community  to  aban- 
don the  making,  vending,  and  drinking 
ardent  spirits,  has  perhaps  had  a  patron- 
age beyond  that  of  any  paper  ever  pub- 
lished. Its  list  of  subscribers  at  one  time 
rose  to  200,000.  Of  the  " American 
Temperance  Intelligencer,"  now  in  its 
second  year,  60,000  are  required  to  meet 
the  demand.  Of  the  "  American  Tem- 
perance Almanac" for  1834,300,000  were 
circulated.  The  Temperance  Almanac  for 
1 836  is  now  in  the  press,  and  striking  off 
at  the  rate  of  5,000  to  6,000  per  day. 
About  600,000 .are  already  ordered. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


INTELLIGENCE  FROM  VARIOUS  PARTS 
OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

jVeir  Churches. — On  the  26th  of  June 
the  foundation  stone  of  a  new  church  was 
laid  at  Tredegar  Iron  Works,  Monmouth- 
shire, by  the  eldest  son  of  Samuel  Horn- 
frey,  esq.    The  site  is  a  beautiful  meadow 
at  the  northern  end  of  the  town,  and  the 
building  will  consist  of  a  church  with 
square  tower,  in  the  early  Norman  style, 
and  will  contain  sittings  for  1,020  per- 
sons, one-half  of  which  will  be  free. 
There  is  no  place  in  the  Principality 
where  a  church  is  more  needed,  the 
parish  church  bting  eight  miles  distant, 
and  totally  inadequate  to  the  population, 
which  has  increased  about  twenty-fold  ; 
the  return  of  the  census  in  1801,  about 
which  time  the  Iron  Works  were  esta- 
blished, being  617;    and  that  in  1831 
amounting  to  10,647.    The  ground,  100 
yards  by  70,  is  presented  by  Sir  Charles 
Morgan,  Bart,  of  Tredegar  Park,  and 
the  Tredegar  Iron  Company,  who  have 
also  contributed   liberally  towards  the 
building. 

A  new  church,  the  first  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  Burnley  erected  since  the 
Reformation,  is  about  to  be  commenced. 
It  is  to  be  of  the  early  English  or  lancet 
style  of  architecture,  and  is  calculated  to 
contain  about  1,500  persons.  Another 
sacred  structure  is  also  nearly  ready  for 


consecration  at  Worst  horn.  The  late 
Col.  Hargreaves,  the  instant  the  plan  was 
laid  before  him,  proposed  to  contribute 
200/.  to  each  of  the  buildings,  and  inti- 
mated his  intention,  moreover,  of  provid- 
ing the  munificent  sum  of  1,000/.  as  an 
endowment  of  one  of  them.  In  addition 
to  a  liberal  donation,  the  site  of  the  fabric, 
with  the  space  around  it  to  be  appropri- 
ated as  a  burial  ground,  is  the  gift  of 
Robert  Townley  Parker,  esq.  the  patron 
of  the  chapelry  of  Burnley. 

On  the  9th  of  July,  Jesus  Chapel, 
Forty-hill,  Enfield,  was  consecrated  by 
the  Bishop  of  London,  assisted  by 
several  of  his  lordship's  chaplains,  and 
the  Rev.  Messrs.  Bollaerts,  E.  and  S. 
Warren,  Thomson,  Vaux,  El  win,  Thack- 
eray, Preston,  Bolland,  Thirlwall,  Craig, 
Capper,  Pickthorne,  and  Giles.  The 
chapel  has  been  erected  at  the  sole  ex- 
pense of  Christian  Paul  Meyer,  esq.  of 
Forty-hill,  for  the  purpose  of  accommo- 
dating the  neighbouring  families,  and 
that  gentleman's  tenantry  and  their  de- 
scendants with  free  sittings  to  the  number 
of  400  for  ever.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bollaerts 
has  been  appointed  incumbent  of  the 
chapelry. 

St.  Peter's  Chapel,  Islington,  was  con- 
secrated on  the  14th  of  July,  by  the 
Bishop  of  London,  assisted  by  a  great 
number  of  the  clergy  of  the  district. 


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Domestic  Occurrences. 


The  chapel  has  been  built  by  voluntary 
contributions,  aided  by  a  grant  from  the 
Church  Building  Society ;  and  is  calcu- 
lated to  afford  accommodation  for  1.1(H) 
persons,  GOO  of  the  sittings  being  free. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Haslegrave,  of  Manchester, 
has  been  appointed  minister. 

St.  Alban's  Abbey.— Mr.  Cottingham 
has  made  considerable  progress  in  the 
repairs  of  the  abbey  church,  (he  furnished 
portion  being  now  restored  to  a  state 
proper  for  the  congregation.  Preparatory 
to  a  confirmation  which  was  held  there 
on  the  30th  of  June,  he  effected  a  very 
important  restoration  to  the  altar-screen. 
A  mass  of  stuecoed'masonry,  occupying  a 
*pace  of  16  feet  in  height  by  10  feet  in 
width,  had  been  stuck  up  against  the 
centre  of  the  screen  about  a  century  ago. 
It  consisted  of  cherubim  heads,  acanthus 
leaves,  and  other  modern  Italian  orna- 
ments, which,  of  course,  were  wholly  irre- 
levant to  the  style  of  the  abbey,  and, 
indeed,  were  most  discordant  with  its 
Gothic  ehasteness.    Its  appearauce  will 
be  .set  n  in  the  beautiful  plate  engraved  in 
Clutterbuck's  History  of  Hertfordshire. 
On  examination,  thin  ill-designed  and 
heterogeneous  mass  of  masonry,  weighing 
several  tons,  was  found  to  be  so  loosely 
attached  to  the  ancient  work,  as  to  be 
in  great  danger  of  falling.    Its  removal, 
which  was  done  without  accident,  has 
laid  open  to  view  the  original  finishing 
of  a  screen  beyond  dispute   the  most 
splendid  in  this  kingdom.    This  grand 
design  presents  in  all  its  divisions  the 
sublime  masonic  three  in  one :  it  is  in 
three  divisions,  right  and  left,  the  centre 
in  three  grand  compartments,  and  the 
side  niches  in  three  tiers- the  portion 
just  discovered  consists  of  a  simple  Latin 
cross  in  the  centre  of  the  screen,  16  feet 
high,  and  10  feet  wide.    Above  the  arms 
of  the  cross  are  four  beautiful  niches, 
supported    on   highly   enriched  corbel 
brackets,  two  on  each  side  ;  these  niches 
are  four  feet  four  inches  high,  and  one 
foot  eight  inches  wide  :  below  these  are 
two  splendid  niches  with  canopied  heads, 
nine  feet  six  inches  high,  by  two  feet  six 
inches  wide,  one  on  each  side  the  stem  of 
the  cross  :   the  external  splays  are  all 
adorned  with  small  niches  and  panelling. 
Beholding  as  we  now  do  the  entire  com- 
position with  its  profusion  of  niches, 
great  aud  small,  surmounted  with  rich 
canopies,  the  beautiful  doorways  on  each 
side  of  the  altar  leading  into  St.  Alban's 
feretory,    and   the    delicate  panelling, 
thrown  like  a  rich  veil  over  the  whole,  it 
will  not  be  difficult  to  Imagine  how  gor- 
geous this  altar  must  have  appeared  when 
•U  the  historic  and  ecclesiastical  statues, 


sacred  emblems,  and  the  utensils  apper- 
taining to  such  situations,  were  in  their 
places. 

Bath  Abbey.— This  venerable  church 
has  been  re-opened  for  divine  service, 
after  having  been  closed  during  twenty- 
five  weeks  for  internal  repairs,  made  prin- 
cipally at  the  expense  of  the  Corporation. 
The  choir,  or  portion  appropriated  to  the 
congregation,  has  been  considerably  al- 
tered and  renewed.    The  altar-piece  is 
beautifully  executed  in  free-stone,  after  a 
design  of  Mr.  Manners,  and  is  in  perfect 
harmony  with  the  style  of  the  building. 
On  the  right  of  the  sanctuary,  in  Prior 
Birde's  Oratory,  which  has  lately  been 
restored  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  E. 
Davis,  architect,  of  Bath,  and  which  now 
presents  one  of  the  most  exquisite  speci- 
mens of  florid  gothic  that  the  ecclesiasti- 
cal architecture  of  these  kingdoms  can 
supply,  is  the  Bishop's  Throne :  it  is  a 
massive  chair,  with  crockets  and  fiuials, 
and  surmounted  with  the  Tudor  orna- 
ments, in  complete  accordance  with  the 
etone  work  of  the  edifice.   This,  as  well 
as  the  Oratory,  which  is  similarly  orna- 
mented, is  of  solid  oak,  and  occupies  one 
half  of  Prior  Birde's  Chapel,  the  other 
half  being  appropriated  as  the  rector's 
pew.    In  the  former  are  the  arms  of  the 
See  and  those  of  the  Lord  Bishop,  wrought 
in  circular  plates  of  glass  in  the  windows 
of  the  chapel ;  and  in  the  latter,  those  of 
Prior  Birde  and  of  the  City,  to  corre- 
spond.   Exactly  opposite  are  two  pews, 
similarly  fronted  and  correspondingly  fit- 
ted up,  for  the  use  of  the  nobility  and 
gentry  visiting  Bath.    The  Pulpit,  which 
is  situated  on  the  left,  about  ten  feet  from 
the  railing  of  the  Sanctuary,  is  richly  or- 
namented, particularly  the  canopy,  with 
arches  crocketcd,  terminating  with  finials, 
and  based  with   pendents ;   the  frieze 
crowned  with  rich  Tudor  ornaments.  The 
whole  is  of  fine  oak.  The  fronts  of  all  the 
pews  are  fitted  with  cusp  heads,  termi- 
nating with  finials.    One  of  the  most  ad- 
mired features  of  the  Architect's  plan  is 
the  bringing  to  view  the  rich  tracery  of 
the  basket-roof  or  ceilings  of  the  aisles, 
heretofore  completely  hidden  by  the  ca- 
nopy, and  projection  of  the  old  galleries. 
At  the  re-opening  on  the  31st  June,  the 
Bishop  preached  an  appropriate  sermon, 
after  which  a  collection  was  made  at  the 
doors  for  a  new  Organ. 

On  the  preceding  day  his  Lord- 
ship had  consecrated  a  new  chapel 
erected  on  Combe  JJomt.  Its  style  is 
Decorated  English,  from  a  design  by  H. 
E.  Cioodridpc,  Esq.,  architect,  who  has 
presented  an  east  window  of  coloured 
glass.    A  copy  of  the  Nativity,  by  Paul 


Digitized  by  Google 


Domestic  < 

Veronese,  is  also  placed  above  the  com- 
munion table.  The  building  will  accom- 
modate \GO  persons  in  pews,  and  360  in 
free  fitting*.  The  spire,  which  rises  to 
the  height  of  90  feet,  forms  a  prominent 
object  above  the  village  of  Monk  ton 
Combe. 

Great  Tom  tit  Lincoln. — The  great  bell 
of  Lincoln  cathedral  having  been  re-cast, 
has  been  hung  in  the  central  tower.  Great 
Tom  was  originally  cast  in  the  Minster 
yard,  nearly  opposite  the  present  resi- 
dence of  the  Sub-Dean,  in  the  year  1610, 
a  temporary  foundry  being  erected  for 
that  purpose  under  the  direction  of  Henry 
Oldneld,  of  Nottingham,  and  W.  Ncw- 
oorub,  of  Leicester.   He  weighed,  accord- 
ing to  one  authority,  4  tons  14  cwt. ;  ac- 
cording to  another  1 0,400  lbs. ;  and  ac- 
cording to  a  third  9,894  lbs.,  and  would 
hold  424  gallons,  ale  measure ;  he  was  22 
feet  in  circumference,  and  a  man  rather 
aixjve  the  middle  size  could  stand  upright 
in  him.    He  had  not  been  swung  for 
nearly  30  years,  on  account  of  his  having 
shaken  the  tower  (the  north-west)  ;  but 
the  hours  were  struck  upon  him  with  a 
hammer .    He,  however,  became  cracked 
near  the  rim,  and  an  attempt  to  restore 
his  tone  by  cutting  a  piece  out,  having 
proved  unsuccessful,  he  was  taken  down 
in  August  last,  and  a  new  Great  Tom  has 
now  sprung  from  the  metal  of  his  prede- 
cessor.   He  started  on  Tuesday  the  7th 
April,  from  the  foundry  of  Mr.  Mears  at 
nhitechapcl,  in  a  carriage  drawn  by  nine 
horses,  and  arrived  at  Lincoln  on  Mon- 
day the  13th,  when  he  was  received  in 
grand  procession  by  the  military,  public 
schools,  and  companies  of  ringers  and 
musicians,  and  having  been  conducted  to 
the  minatcr  was  drawn  by  manual  strength 
iato  the  centre  of  the  building,  whence  he 
was  raised  to  his  new  station  a  few  days 
after. 

June  18.  A  dreadful  explosion,  attend- 
ed by  a  disastrous  loss  of  life,  took  place 
at  Walk  End  Colliery,  the  property  of 
William  Russell,  Esq.  four  miles  from 
Newcastle,  on  the  road  to  North  Shields. 
One  hundred  and  four  persons,  chiefly 
young  men  and  boys,  were  in  the  mine 
when  the  explosion  occurred,  and  of  these 
only  four,  three  men  and  a  boy,  were  got 
ont  alive.  The  escape  of  these  four  is 
attributed  to  their  having  been  fortunate- 
ly at  a  short  distance  from  the  bottom  of 
the  fchaft  where  the  accident  occurred,  so 
as  to  receive  the  benefit  of  the  atmo- 
*pheric  air. 

July  5.  As  the  workmen  of  John  Flet- 
cher, Esq.  at  a  coal-pit  called  the  //«/- 
litri  Hole,  near  Prestolec,  between  Man- 
chester and  Bolton,  about  four  miles  from 
the  latter  place,  on  the  banks  of  the  river 


:citrrences.  j  97 

Irwell,  were  at  their  employ,  the  water 
burst  iu  from  the  bed  of  the  river  Irwell, 
about  100  yards  from  the  mouth  of  the 
pit,  with  such  force,  that  seventeen  per- 
sons, ten  boys  and  young  men  and  seven 
adults,  were  immediately  buried  in  the 
water  and  gravel.  The  pit  contains  three 
mines,  the  lowest  of  which  the  water  en- 
tered first,  and  rose  with  such  amazing 
rapidity,  that  the  men  working  in  the  up- 
per mines  had  but  just  time  to  escape. 
It  is  thought  there  must  have  been  some 
old  works  underneath  the  bed  of  the  river, 
and  that  there  had  been  a  giving  way 
some  time. 


LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

The  Revenue.—  The  official  tables  of 
the  Revenue  for  the  year  ending  July  3, 
exhibit  a  deficiency  of  1,758,88(J/.  The 
chief  railing  off  appears  in  the  excise,  the 
income  for  which  is  less  by  3,194,263/. ; 
but  by  the  transfer  of  the  tea  duties, 
however,  from  that  department  to  the 
customs,  this  latter  shows  an  increase  of 
2,457,515/.  Under  the  heads  of  4  Post 
office'  and  '  Miscellaneous,'  there  is  an 
improvement  to  the  amount  of  23,000/. 
The  income  derived  from  the  assessed 
taxes  is  1)82,019/.  less.  Stamps,  too,  have 
proved  111  ,574/.  less  productive.  Under 
the  head  of  repayments  of  moneys  ad- 
vanced for  public  works,  &c.  there  is  an 
increase  upon  the  year  of  54,721/. 

June  20.  A  Protestant  meeting  was  held 
in  Exeter  Hall,  attended  by  a  deputation 
from  Ireland,  Lord  Kenyon  in  the  chair, 
and  the  principal  speakers  were  the  Revs. 
Mr.  M'Ghie,  Dr.  Cooke,  and  Mr.  Sulli- 
van, the  latter  of  whom  moved  a  resolu- 
tion to  the  effect,  that  "  the  tenets  of 
the  Church  of  Rome  are  no  longer  a  dead 
letter,  and  that  their  deplorable  and  bane- 
ful inn  uence  in  Ireland  was  visible  in  the 
sedition  and  organisation  with  which  that 
country  was  pervaded."  This  resolution 
being  put  and  carried,  Capt.  Gordon  an- 
nounced that  a  society  was  about  to  be 
formed  for  the  support  of  the  doctrines 
of  the  Reformation.  On  the  11th  of 
July  a  second  meeting  was  held,  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  into  consideration  the 
principles  of  Den's  Theology,  which  em- 
bodies all  the  obnoxious  tenets  of  Ro- 
manism, and  is  still  acknowledged  by  the 
Catholic  church.  After  some  eloquent 
speeches  in  reprehension  of  the  persecut- 
ing principles  of  popery,  which  were  un- 
opposed by  any  Catholic  present,  the 
meeting  quietly  separated. 

June  22.  At  the  anniversary  dinner  of 
the  friends  of  the  Middlesex  Hotpital,  the 
Vice  Chancellor,  who  officiated  as  chair- 
man,  congratulated  the  company  on  the 


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1  OS  Domestic  Occurrences. — Promotions,  Sfc.  [^ug- 


completion  of  two  additional  wings,  by 
which  the  accommodation  afforded  to  pa- 
tients has  been  considerably  increased ; 
and  stated  that  it  had  been  determined  to 
erect  also,  on  the  ground  belonging  to 
the  hospital,  a  Medical  School,  the  Mid- 
dlesex Hospital  being  now  the  only  one 
in  London  to  which  a  school  is  not  at- 
tached. The  expense  is  estimated  at  1 ,600/. 
to  be  raised  by  a  subscription,  to  which 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland  has  contri- 
buted 100  guineas,  in  addition  to  his  an- 
nual subscription  of  the  same  sum  to  the 
hospital. 

June  2G.  The  Gazette  of  this  day  con- 
tains an  Order  in  Council  that  the  Assizes 
and  Sessions  held  therewith  under  com- 
missions of  gaol  delivery,  and  other  com- 
missions for  the  despatch  of  civil  and 
criminal  business,  for  the  county  of  Wilts, 
heretofore  holden  at  Salisbury,  shall  be 
hereafter  holden  alternately  at  Salisbury 
and  Devizes — that  is  to  say,  on  the  sum- 
mer circuit  at  Devizes,  and  on  the  spring 
circuit  at  Salisbury.  And  auother  order 
that  the  assizes  and  sessions  held  under 
commissions  of  gaol  delivery,  and  other 
commissions  for  the  despatch  of  civil  and 
criminal  business,  for  the  county  palatine 
of  Lancaster,  heretofore  holden  at  Lan- 
caster, shall  be  hereafter  holden,  on  the 
same  circuit,  both  at  Lancaster  and  Li- 


verpool, in  the  said  county  palatine  ;  the 
county  to  be  divided  into  north  and  south, 
the  northern  division  comprehending  the 
several  hundreds  of  Lonsdale,  Anioun- 
derness,  Leyland,  and  Blackburn ;  the 
southern,  Salford  and  West  Derbv. 

July  23.  The  inhabitants  of*  South- 
wark,  and  others  interested  in  the  late 
restoration  of  the  Lady  Chapel,  had  a 
grand  dinner  at  the  London  Tavern,  for 
the  purpose  of  presenting  to  Thomas 
Saunders,  esq.  a  piece  of  plate,  for  the 
exertions  which  he  had  used  in  obtaining 
the  restoration  of  that  ancient  edifice. 
There  were  about  150  gentlemen  present, 
and  Charles  Barclay,  esq.  M.P.  presided 
on  the  occasion.  After  dinner  the  chair- 
man presented,  in  due  form,  a  splendid 
silver  vase,  surmounted  by  a  model  of 
the  Lady  Chapel,  with  the  following  en- 
graved on  the  vase  :  "  To  Thomas  Saun- 
ders, esq.  F.S.A.  this  testimonial  of  his 
public  spirit  and  of  the  munificent  gene- 
rosity and  exemplary  zeal  with*  which  he 
promoted  and  eventually  effected  the  re- 
storation of  that  interesting  monument  of 
our  Protestant  confessors  and  martyrs  to 
its  ancient  architectural  beauty,  the  Ladye 
Chapel,  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  was 
presented  from  numerous  friends,  by 
Charles  Barclay,  esq..  M.P.,  23d  July, 
1835." 


PROMOTIONS,  P 

Gazette  Promotions. 

Mau  16.  R.  M.  O'FerraU,  esq.  to  be  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  Treasury. 

June  8.  Lieut. -Col.  J.  C.  Chatterton,  of 
Castle  Malum,  ro.  Cork,  to  l>e  a  Gentleman  of 
his  Majesty's  Privy  Chamber. 

June  24.  Col.  Sir  S.  Gordon  Higgins  to  be 
Equc  ry  to  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester. — 
Knighted,  Capt.  W.  H.  Jhllon,  R.  N.  and  Capt. 

G.  Gtpps,  Royal  Enc— Right  Hon.  Sir  Harford 
Jones  Bridges,  Bart,  to  be  of  the  Privy 
Council. 

June  27.  Edw.  Marjoribanks,  of  Wimpole- 
street,  to  be  a  Gentleman  of  his  Majesty's 
Privy  Chamber. 

June  29.  Royal  Engineers,  Brevet  Majors 
M.  C.  Dixon  and  P.  D.  Calder  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonels.— Fifeshire  Militia,  Lieut.-Col.  J. 
Lindsav,  to  be  Colonel. 

Julv  1.  Right  Hon.  Lord  Charles  Fitzroy 
and  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Edward  Grey, 
Knt.  to  be  of  the  Pri\y  Council. — Knighted, 
Francis  Chantrev,  esq.  ft. A. 

July  3.  The  Earl  of  Durham  to  be  Ambas- 
sador Extraordinary  to  the  Emperor  of  Russia, 
—(/apt.  Sir  Edm.  Lyons,  R.N.  to  be  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  the  King  of  Greece.— Hon. 

H.  E.  Fox  to  be  Secretary  to  His  Majesty's 
Embassy  at  Vienna. — Sir  Alex.  Malet,  Bart,  to 
be  Secretary  to  His  Majesty's  Legation  at 
Turin.— Albert  \V.  Beethain,  esq.  F.R.S.  to  lw 
Clerk  of  the  Cheque  to  the  Corps  of  Gentle- 
men at  Arms. 

Julv  7.  Dame  Mary  Martin  Ormsby,  widow 
and  relict  of  Sir  Thos.  Ormsby,  of  Cloghans, 
co.  Mayo,  Bart,  deceased,  only  child  and  heir 
of  Lt.-Gen.  F.  S.  Rebow,  of  Wivenhoe  Park, 
to  assume  tbe  surname  of  Rebow,  in  addition 


tEFERMENTS.&c. 

to  that  of  Ormsby. — Also  Thos.  Levett,  of 
Croxhall,  co.  Derby,  esq.  in  compliance  with 
the  will  of  his  maternal  uncle,  to  take  the 
surname  of  Prinsep,  in  addition  to  that  of 
Levett. 

July  10.  22d  Foot,  Capt.  John  Goldie  to  be 
Major. — Brevet,  Lieut. -Col.  John  George  Bon- 
ner to  be  Lieut.-Col.  in  the  East  Indies  only. 

Julv  11.  J.  P.  Kay,  of  Manchester,  M.D. 
R.  Weale,  of  Ashfield,  Sussex,  and  Edw. 
Carleton  TuffncH,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  esq. 
to  be  Assistant  Commissioners  of  the  Poor 
LswSi 

July  13.  C.  H.  Tracy,  esq.,  Hon.  Sir  Edw. 
Cust,  Hon.  T.  Liddell,  Geo.  Vyvyan,  esq., 
and  Samuel  Rogers,  esq.,  to  be  his  Majesty  s 
Commissioners  for  examining  and  reporting 
upon  the  nlnns  which  may  be  ofTered  bv  com- 
petitors for  rebuilding  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment. 

Araunah  Verral,  of  Chiddingly,  Sussex, Gent, 
and  Maria  his  wife,  heretofore  Maria  Green, 
to  take  the  surname  and  bear  the  arms  of 
Green.— John  Burland  Harris,  of  YYotton- 
undcr-Edge,  Gloucestershire,  esq.  to  take  the 
surname  of  Burland,  in  addition  to  that  of 
Harris. 

July  16.  C.  S.  Lefevre,  G.  J.  Pennington, 
J.  E.  Drinkwater,  E.  Rushton,  S.  A.  Rumball, 
G.  B.  Lennard,  D.  Maudp,  J.  Buckle.  J.  Ald- 
ridge,  J.  Hanmill,  H.  D.  Jones,  J.  \V.  Pringle, 
J.  J.  Chapman,  H.  R.  Brandreth.  Gustavus 
du  Piatt,  and  W.  T.  Denison,  esqrs.  to  be 
Commissioners  for  inquiring  into  the  present 
metes  and  hounds  of  certain  cities,  boroughs, 
cinque  ports,  and  municipal  corporations  in 
England  and  Wales. 

July  17.  14th  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  J.  MT. 
S.  Smith  to  be  Major.— 57th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col. 


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1835.] 


Promotions,  eye  — Births  and  Marriages. 


i  99 


Geo.  E.  Jones  to  be  Lieut. -Col.— 89th  Foot, 
lje\it.-Col.  11.  ti   Hartley  to  be  Lieut.-Col. 

Jul*  19.    Kig/ht  Hon.  Gilbert  Earl  of  Minto, 
G.C.B.  the   Hon.    Mounstuart  Elphinstone, 
John  James  Hope  Johnstone,  esq.  R.  Bell,  esq. 
Procurator  of  the  Church  of  .Scotland,  J.  Me- 
tes Lairne,  esq.  of  Dunsinnan,  T.  H.  I,ester, 
esq.  and  J .  Shaw  Stewart,  John  James  Reid, 
A.  C.  Dirk,  H.  Baxter,  and  F.  Horseman, 
«qr».  Advocates,  to  be  Commissioners  for  in- 
quiring into   the  opportunities  of  religious 
w«»r-hip  and  means  of  religious  instruction  in 
Scotland. 

Jutf  20.  W.  Harcourt  Isham  Mackworth, 
esq.  and  Frances  his  wife,  dau.  and  coheir  of 
W.  S.  Dolben,  of  Finedou,  esq.  and  grand-dau. 
of  Sir  English  Dolben,  Hart,  to  take  the 
surname  of  Dolben,  in  addition  to  that  of 
Mackworth. 


Member t  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament. 
J»r<Airt — John  Dunlop,  es4i. 
B*iy  8L  Edmund'*. — Lord  Charles  Fitxroy. 
Drookeda.— Honourable  Randal  Flunket. 
Otdhamu— John  Frederick  Lees,  esq. 

Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Rev.  C.  Smith,  to  be  Vicar-General  of  the  Dio- 
cese of  Elphin. 

Rev.  C.  H.  Poore,  a  Minor  Canon  in  Win- 
chester Cathedral. 

Rev.  F.  R.  Arden,  Sustead  P.C.  Norfolk. 

Rer.  W.  Blunt,  Newark-upon-Trent  V.  Notts. 

Rev.  W.  Boyd,  Arncliffe  V.  co.  York. 

Rev.  C.  Cator,  Stokesley  R.  co.  York. 

Rev.  H.  Chaplin,  Ryhall  R.  ro.  Lincoln. 

Rev.  R.  Colbnson,  I'sworth  P.  C.  co.  Durham. 

Rev.  R.  Cooper,  Kilpatrick  V.  co.  Meath. 

Rev.  T.  Davidson,  Church  of  Salin,  Isle  of 
Moll. 

Rev.  R.  Fallowfeild.  Kirkhampton  R.  co.Cumb. 

Rev.  T.  Garbett,  Clavton  R.  Sussex. 

Rev.  R.  W.  Goodeftough,  Whittingham  V. 

Northumberland. 
Rev.  J.  p.  Hammond,  Minestead  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  J.  Hall,  Poulton-in-the-Fylde  V.  co.  Lane. 
Rev.  K.  N.  Hoare,  St.  Lawrence  R.  Limerick. 
R^v.  K.  Home.  St.  Laurence  R.  Southampton. 
Rev.  S.  JetTaries,  Kiltnacahill  V.  co.  Kilkenny. 
Rev.  D.  Llewellyn,  Puddington  R.  Devon. 
Rev .  D.  Macdonald,  West  Allington  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  A.  Macpherson,  Rothwell  V.  co.  Northamp. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Methold,  Hempstead  and  Wighton 

V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  G.  B.  Haley,  Freckenham  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  G.  L  Parsons,  Bensington  P.  C.  Oxon. 
Rev.  H.  Rooker,  Upton  Grey  P.  C.  Hants. 
Rev.  L  Stephenson.  Souldern  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  J.  Urquhart,  Chapel  Allerton  P.C.  Leeds. 
Rev.  P..  L  Ward,  Blendworth  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  W.  S.  Ward,  Iver  P.  C.  Bucks. 
Rev.  G.  A.  Whitaker,  Knoddishall  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  E.  N.  Rolfe,  Chap,  to  Earl  Nelson. 
Rev.  D.  Young,  Chap,  to  Karl  of  Clare. 

Civil  Preferments. 

Rev.  S.  Dunn,  Master  of  Maldon  Gram.  School. 
R>r.  H.  Manton,  Master  of  Sleaford  Grammar 

School,  co.  Line. 
R<  >.  J.  .Wtherwood,  Held  Master  of  Api«-lby 

Grammar  School,  Westmoreland. 
Rev.  E.  Power,  Master  of  Atherstone  Gram. 

School,  co.  Warw  ick. 
Rev.  G.  N.  Smith,  Master  of  Preston  Gram. 

School,  Lancashire. 


June  13.   At  Netherton  Hall,  the  lady  of 

Sir  Edm.  S.  Prideaux,  Bart,  a  son.  16.  The 

wife  of  William  Pickering,  esq.  Chancery-lane, 

a  son.  18.  At  Oxenheath,  Kent,  the  Hon. 

Lady  Dering,  a  son.  20.   At  Brighton,  the 

lady  of  Charles  Morgan,  esq.  M.P.  a  dau.  

21.  At  Bluehridge-house,  Essex,  the  wife  of 

the  Rev.  W.  C.  Totton.  a  dau.  22.  At  Mount 

Ebford,  the  wife  of  Kuw.  Harris  Donnithorne, 

esq.  16th  Lancers,  a  dau.  At  Southmolton, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Maitland,  a  son. 

 23.  At  Kensworth,  Herts,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  T.  Chas.  Boone,  a  son.  At  Chard,  the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Bussell,  a  sou.  24. 

At  CheNea,  the  wife  of  the  Rev  Geo.  F.verard, 

son.  23.  At  Hiepton  Mallet,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  F.  T.  New,  a  son.  27.  The  wife  of 

Lieut.-Col.  Gurwood,  Brigade-Major  of  Ports- 
mouth, a  dau.  28.  At  East  Ham,  Essex,  the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  Streatfeild,  a  son.  At 

Melford,  Suffolk,  the  wife  of  R.  Alinack,  esq.  a 

son.  29.  The  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Hewlett, 

Head  Master  of  the  Abingdon  Free  Graqunar 
School,  a  son. 

Ju/u  3.  At  Grappenhall-lodge,  Chester,  the 
wife  of  J.  H.  Leigh,  esq.  a  son. — —6.  In  I'pper 
Seymour-st.  Pnrtinan-sq.  the  wifcof  Lieut. -Col. 

Walton,  a  dau.  18.  At  Blairquhan.co.  Avr, 

the  lady  of  Sir  D.  H.  Blair,  Bart,  a  dau.  21. 

In  Carleton-terrace,  the  Marchioness  of  Aber- 

corn  a  dau.  At  Longton-ltall,  Essex,  the 

wife  of  W.  W.  Maitland,  esq.  a  dau.  22. 

In  Jermjn-strcet,  Viscountess  Stonnont,  a 
son  and  heir. 


J%  21. 
of  the  Rev. 


BIRTHS. 
At  South Jilajhng,  Sussex^ the  wife 


MARRIAGES. 

Dec.  23.  1834.  At  Calcutta,  C.  E.  Trevelyan, 
esq.  to  Hannah  Moore  Macaulay,  dau.  of 
Z.K-hariah  Macaulay,  esq.  and  sister  to  the 
Right  Hon.  T.  Babington  Macaulay.  fourth 
member  of  the  Supreme  Council  of  India. 

April  15.  At  Exeter,  John  Irving,  esq.  son 
of  C.  Irving,  LL.I).  of  the  I>latid  of  Guernsey, 
to  Henrietta  Augusta,  dan.  of  the  late  W.  A. 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Bowhill  House,  and  relict  of 
Rev.  W.  Gw>nne.  Rector  of  Denton,  Sussex. 

 At  Twerton,  W.  Mnssey,  esq.  son  of  the  late 

Sir  Hugh  Dillon  Massey,  Bart,  to  Eliz.  Caro- 
line Griffith,  uiece  of  the  late  John  Griffith, 
esq.  of  Bexbill,  Sussex. 

May  21.  At  Checkley,  co.  Stafford,  Thos. 
Turner,  of  Montagu-street,  Russell-square, 
Barrister-at-Law,  to  Mary  Anne,  second  dau. 

of  the  Rev.  C.  B.  Charlewood.  Onkhill.  

Edw.  Bagge,  esq.  of  Lynn  and  of  Islington 
Hall,  Norfolk,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
E.  Hutton,  LL.L).  rector  of  Gavwood. 

JuneS.  At  Arthuret,  Cumberland,  Richard 
Brinsley  Sheridan,  esq.  to  Man  ia  Maria  Grant, 
dau.  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  C.  Grant,  having  been 
previously  married,  by  elopement,  at  Gretna 

Green.  9.  At  St.  George's,  Bloomsbury, 

.Monsieur  Marie  Louis  Robert  Ali  de  Boulogne, 
to  Eliz.  Bridget,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  T. 

Forman,  of  Cooinbe  Park,  Greenwich.  10. 

The  Rev.  Edw.  Poj>e,  Archd.  of  Jamaica,  to 
Augusta,  second  dau.  of  Thos.  Bigge,  esq.  of 

Beddington,  Surrey.  11.  The  Rev.  F.  G. 

Hopwood,  grandson  of  John  fifth  Vise.  Tor- 
rington,  to  the  I*dy  Eleanor  Mary  Stanley, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Derby.  At 

Lullingstone,  the  Rev.  N.  Fiott,  Vicar  of 
Edgware,  Middlesex,  to  Harriet  Jenner,  dau. 

of  Sir  Percival  Hart  Dyke.  Bart.  At  St. 

Mary's,  Bryanston-sq.  Geo.  Dodd,  esq.  of  Mon- 
tagu-su.  to  Georgine,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

J.  Sanders,  esq.  At  Clapham,  John  James 

de  Loerker,  esq.  of  Vught,  Holland,  to  Ellen, 
dau.  6f  the  late  Thos.  Selby,  esq.  of  Otford 

Castle,  Kent.  12.  At.  Hascombe,  Surrey, 

the  Rev.  H.  Wellesley,  to  Miss  Mackenzie.  

16.  At  Richmond,  Surrey,  Henry  Brown,  esq. 


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200 


Promotions,  SfC— Births  and  Marriages. 


[Aug- 


Bombay  Ci\  it  Service,  to  Eliia  Ann,  dau.  of  the 

late  Sir  Harry  Verelst  Darell,  Bart.  At 

Kvde,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  Hon.  unit  Kev.  Mus- 
grave  Alured  Harris,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Lord  Harris,  to  Georgina,  dau.  of  the  late 

W.  Fosberrv,  esq.  of  Limerick.  At  Dros- 

ford,  Hants,"  Capt.  C.  Parker,  R.N.  son  of  the 
late  Adm.  Sir  Hyde  Parker,  to  Kate,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Smith,  third  dau.  of  the 

late  J.   Williams,  esq.  of  Kim  Grove.  

At  Stonehouse,  Devon,  the  Rev.  J.  Besley. 
D.C.L.  Rector  of  Aston  Subedge,  to  France*, 
widow  of  the  late  R.  Bint,  esq.  of  Mount 

Stone.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.  Capt. 

J.  Campbell,  8"th  Fusileers,  to  Catharine,  dau. 
of  the  late  Rdw.  Daniel,  esq.  of  Ramsgate.- — 
18.  At  Salisbury,  the  Rev.  L.  Tomlinsou,  to 

Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  T.  D.  Windsor,  esq.  

At  Bath,  (  apt.  G.  Boyd,  to  Amelia  Lainont, 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Robertson,  esq.  of  Denie- 

rara  and  Essequibo.  At  liurghelcre,  Hants. 

the  Rev.  W.  Anneslev,  Rector  of  Cliflbrd 
Chambers,  Gloucestershire,  to  Laura  Anue, 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Jones,  of  Fontuon 

Castle,  Glamorganshire.  At  Duxford.  J. 

Moss  Sperling,  esq.  to  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Geo.  Barlow,  late  Rector  of  Abingdon, 

co.  Cambridge.  20.  At  the  Countess  of 

Uandatl  Dublin,  Kdw.  Symes  Baily,  esq. 
of  Ballyarthur,  co.  Wieklow,  to  Catharine, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  M.  FiUgerald. 

 At  St.  Winnor,  the  Rev.  J.  Daubuz,  Rector 

of  Creed,  to  Mary  I'xella,  ehlest  dau.  of  W. 
Foster,  esq.  of  Lanwtthan,  Cornwall. — —22. 
At  Trinity  Church,  Marylebone.  T.  W.  Long, 
esq.  to  Favel  Georgina  Douglas,  dau.  of  the  late 

J.  Scott,  esq.  of  Devonshire-place.  2.1.  At 

Marvleboiie  New  Church,  the  Rev.  H.  Clut- 
terbuck,  of  Kempston  Brass,  to  Uwisa  Butler, 

niece  of  Col.  Crighton,  ot  Gower-st.  At 

Tiverton,  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Whitworth,  Head 
Master  of  Kensington  Proprietary  School,  to 
Henrietta  Masterman,  sixth  dau.  of  the  late 

Rich.  Wetland,  esq.  of  Lyinpstone,  Devon.  

At  St  Andrew's,  London,  Sir  Geo.  Young,  Bart. 
R.N.  of  Formosa  Place.  Berks,  to  Susiu,  dau. 
of  the  late  Mr.  Serg.  Praetl.  23.  At  Chel- 
tenham, W.  H.  BaiUie,  esq.  to  Henrietta, 
necond  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Duff,  D.D. 
Minister  of  the  parish  of  Kinfauns,  Perth- 
shire. 24.  At  the  Hague,  Baron  A.  Collot 

d'Escurv,  to  Sophia,  dau.  of  the  late  Adm. 

May,  of  the  Dutch  Navy.  At  St.  George's, 

Hanovcr-sq.  Cecil  Fane,  esq.  youngest  son  of 
the  Hon.  Henry  Fane,  of  Faibeck,  Lincoln,  to 
Isabella  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Adm. 

Sir  Kliab  Harvey,  of  Rolls  Park,  Essex,  At 

Rrislington,  the'  Rev.  Seth  Burge  l'lunim°r,  of 
Castle  Cary>  Somerset,  to  Mary  Anne  Hurle, 

second  dau.  of  the  late  J.  C<M)kc,  esq.  25. 

At  Bromlev,  Kent,  Percival  Hart  Dyke,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  Sir  P.  Hart  Dyke,  Bart,  of  Lul- 
lingstone  Castle,  Kent,  to  liliz.  dau.  of  John 

Wells,  esq.  Bickley  House.  Capt.  the  Hon. 

C.  B.  Phipps  to  Anna  Bathurst,  grand-dao.  of 

the  Bishop  of  Norwich.  At  Burgh,  Suffolk, 

Chas.  P.  Robinson,  esq.  of  the  Crown  Olrice, 
to  Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  F. 

Barlow  .  26.  At  Thame,  Oxfordshire,  Major 

Jacob  Watson,  Uth  Foot,  to  Diana  Style,  third 

din.  of  Mr.  Lupton,  Surgeon.  At  Vfestbury, 

the  Rev.  H.  S.  Sayce,  vicar  of  Caldeeot,  Mon- 
mouthshire, to  Mary  Ann,  serond  dau.  of  the 

late  R.  Cartwright,  esq.  of  Shirelmnpton.  

28.  At  Alverstoke,  the  Rev.  W.  K.  Clav,  of 
Blunham.  Beds,  to  Mary  Anne.  dau.  of  Rear- 
Adin.  M'Kinley.— 29.  At  Antony,  Cornwall, 
R.  B.  Garrett,  es<|.  to  Sarah  Collingvvood,  third 

dau.  of  Capt.  Clavell,  R.N.  :tu.  At  Kmp- 

shot,  Hants,  the  Rev.  C.  Alcork,  R*ctor  of 
Witchingham,  Norfolk,  to  Mary',  dau.  of  Jas. 

Butler,  esq.  At  All  Souls,  Langham-plaee, 

the  Rev.  J.  D'Arcy  Preston,  eldest  son  of 
V2 


Retr- Adm.  Preston,  to  Hannah  Kliz.  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John  St.  Leger  Gillman, 

Bart,  of  Curraheen,  co.  Cork.  At  Rochdale, 

the  Rev.  W.  Topham  Hobson,  to  Francis 
Maria,  dau.  of  Walter  Vavasour,  esq.  of  Cross- 
lield. 

Lately.  Frances  Isabella,  Baroness  Clinton, 
relict  of  Lord  Clinton,  and  eldest  dau.  of  W. 
S.  Poyntz,  esq.  and  sister  of  the  Marchioness 
of  Kxeter,  to  Col.  Horace  Seymonr,  third  son 
of  the  late  Ixird  H.  Seymour. 

Juttt  1.  At  Littleham,  Kxmouth,  the  K-  ■ 
Wm.  Hebenlen;  Vicar  of  Broadhembury,  to 
Susanna  Catherine,  dau.  of  the  late  Jas.  W. 
Buller,  esq.  of  Downes.  At  Findon,  North- 
amptonshire, W.  H.  lsham  Mack  worth,  esq. 
sou  of  Sir  Digby  Mackworth,  Bart.,  to  Fran- 
ces, grand-dau.  of  Sir  English  Dolben,  Bart. 

 2.  At  Ansty,  co.  Warwick,  Fulwar  Skip- 

with,  esq.  third  son  of  Sir  Gray  Skipwith, 
Bart,  of  Newbold  Hall,  to  Mary  Philadel- 
phia, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  Coker  Adams, 
of  Coventry.  *.  At  Ealing,  Francis  Nicho- 
las, esq.  to  Mary  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  C. 

Robinson,  esq.  of  Rochester  House.  At  St. 

George's,  the  Hon.  G.  H.  Cavendish,  brother 
of  tin-  Earl  of  Burlington,  to  Lady  louisa 
Lasielles,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Earl  and  Count- 
ess of  Ha  re  wood.  6.  At  Clifton,  J.  F.  Ber- 
nard, M.D.  to  Marianne  Amelia,  third  dau.  of 

the  late  Col.  Lawrence,  of  Bellevue.  At 

Woolwich,  Ueut.  L.  W.  M.  Wynne,  R.A.  to 
Eliz.  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut. -Col. 

Pavne,  R.A.  At  Winchester, Cant.  W.  Keats, 

R.S*.  to  Augusta  Maria,  dau.  or  Giles  King 

Lytord,  esq.  of  Winchester.  7.  At  Hatchet, 

Capt.  Moiurieff,  to  Emily,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  I. 

Gossett,  vicar  of  Windsor.  At  St.  Marvle- 

bone,  W.  Praed,  esq.  M.P.  to  Helen,  dau".  of 

the  late  G.  Bogle,  esq.  At  Brixton,  T.  S. 

White,  esq.  to  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  S.  N.  Bar- 
ber, esq.  of  Demnark-hill.  8.  At  Fordhook, 

the  residence  of  Lady  Noel  Byron,  the  Right 
Hon.  Lord  King  to  the  Hon.  Augusta  Ada, 

only  dau.  of  the  late  Lord  Byron.  At  St. 

James's,  PicradiUy,  Lord  Arthur  Lennox,  M.P. 
fourth  brother  of  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  to 
Adelaide,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  John  and 

Lady  Charlotte  Campbell.  9.  At  Willinicale, 

Essex,  the  Rev.  C.  B.  Bowles,  of  Pirbright, 
Surrey,  to  Sophia,  second  dau.  of  the  Kev.  J. 

Deedes.  Tlie  Hon.  James  Hewett,  eldest 

son  of  Viscount  Lifford,  to  Lady  Mary  Ache- 
son,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Karl  of  Gosford.  At 

Horsley,  Gloucestershire,  J.  F.  Elton,  esq. 
Lieut.  40th  regt.  to  Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  the 

late  Vice-Adm.  J.  Young.  11.  At  All  Sonls, 

Marylebone,  the  Right  Hon.  Lonl  George 
Paulet,  Capt.  R.N.  Intra  son  of  the  Man|uis  of 
Winchester,  to  Georgina,  dau.  of  the  late 
Gen.  Sir  Geo.  Wood,  of  Ottershaw  Park,  Sur- 

r  y.  II.  At  St.  George's,  Bloomsbury,  the 

Rev.  John  Hopkinson,  M.A.  Rector  of  Alwal- 
ton.  Hants,  to  Ehz.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

Richard  Miles,  esq.  of   Kensington.  -At 

Compton,  Surrey,  Major  A.  Wight,  to  Jane, 
sister  to  J.  More  Molyneux,  esq.  of  Loseley 

park.  At   Kckington,    Derbyshire,  J.  E. 

Orange,  81st  regt.  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  A.  C.  Bromchead.  At  Saint  Bride's, 

co.  Pemb.  Sir  A.  G.  Hesilriggc,  Bart,  of  Nosely 
Hall,  co.  Leic.  to  Henrietta,  fifth  dau.  of  the 
late  C.  Allen  Philips,  esq.  or*  fct.  Bride's-hill. 

 At  Lyme  Regis,  Geo.  Rooke  Farnall,  esq. 

of  Burley  Park,  Hants,  to  Mary,  only  child  of 

Redston  Warner,  esq.  15.  At  Chelsea,  the 

Rev.  J.  Prideaux  1  ijhtfoot,  Rector  of  Woot- 
ton,  Northamptonshire,  to  Eliz.  Anne,  second 

dau.oi'Lieut.-Col.  I*  Blanc.  At  Dover,  John 

Milner,  esq.  second  son  of  C.  Milner,  esq.  of 
Preston  Hall,  to  Frances  Sarah,  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev  .  R.  C.  Tvlden  Pattenson,  of  I born - 
den. 


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1835.] 


2*1! 


OBIT 

Earl  of  Courtown. 
Jwe  \5.     At  the  house  of  bis  brother 
the  Hon.  and   lie  v.  R.  B.  Stopford,  in 
the  Cloisters,  Windsor  Castle,  in  the  70th 
year  of  bis  age,  the  Right  Hon.  James - 
George  Stopford,  third  Earl  of  Cour- 
town, and   Viscount  Stopford  (1762), 
and  Baron  of  Courtown,  co.  Wexford 
(1758),  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland;  second 
Baron   Saltersford,  of  Salterstord,  CO. 
Chester  (1796),  K.P.,  a  Privy.  Council- 
lor,  a  Governor  of  the  co.  Wexford, 

&C.&C 

His  Lordship  was  boni  Aug.  15,  1765, 
the  eldest  of  the  four  sons  of  James  2d 
Earl  of  Courtown,  K.  P.  by  Mary  daugh- 
ter and  coheiress  of  Richard  Powys,  of 
Hintlesham  hall,  co.  Suffolk,  esq.  and 
niece  to  George  Duke  of  Montagu. 

In  early  life  be  was  an  Ensign  in  the 
foot  guards,  and  afterwards  in  1794  Lieut.* 
Colonel  of  Villiers's  fencible  cavalry. 
Ha  sat  in  the  House  of  Commons  for 
several  years  before  his  accession  to  the 
peerage,  being,  at  the  close  of  1700, 
elected  to  Parliament,  on  a  vacancy,  for 
Great  Bed  win  ;  and  in  1796  returned  for 
the  burghs  of  Selkirk,  Peebles,  Lanark, 
and  Linlithgow;  for  which  he  sat  until 
the  dissolution  in  1802.  In  the  next 
Parliament  he  came  in,  on  a  vacancy,  for 
the  burghs  of  Dumfries,  Kirkcudbright, 
Sanquhar,  Annan,  and  Lochmaben ;  in 
1806  he  was  re-elected  for  the  Selkirk 
district;  and  in  1807  again  for  that  of 
Dumfries,  which  he  represented  until  his 
succession  to  the  peerage. 

In  1793  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  his 
father  in  the  office  of  Treasurer  of  his 
Majesty's  Household,  and  he  was,  in  con- 
sequence, svvom  a  member  of  the  Privy 
Council  on  the  21st  of  June,  the  same 
day  as  the  piesent  Marquess  Wellesley, 
Marquess  Camden,  Marquess  of  West- 
minster, and  Earl  Bathurst. 

He  retained  the  office  of  Treasurer 
(excepting  the  interval  of  the  Whig  Mi- 
nistry in  1806)  until  1812;  when,  on  the 
11th  of  April,  be  was  appointed  Captain 
of  his  Majesty's  Band  of  Gentlemen 
Pensioners,  which  office  he  held  for  many 
years. 

He  succeeded  to  (he  dignities  of  an 
Karl  of  Ireland,  and  a  Baron  of  Eng- 
land, on  the  death  of  his  father  March 
30,  1810,  and  was  nominated  a  Knight  of 
St.  Patrick  in  1821. 

The  Earl  of  Courtown  married,  Jan. 
29,  1771,  his  second-cousin  Lady  Eliza- 
beth Scott,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry 
Duke  of  Buocleuch  and  Queensberrv, 
E.G.  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Brudemll, 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


UARY. 

daughter  of  George  Duke  of  Montagu. 
Her  Ladyship  died  on  the  21st  April, 
1823,  having  had  issue  seven  sons  and 
five  daughters:  1.  the  Hon.  George- 
Henry- James,  who  died  in  1792,  aged 
six  months ;  2.  the  Hon.  Charles,  who 
also  died  an  infant ;  3.  the  Right  Hon. 
James.  Thomas  now  Earl  of  Courtown, 
late  M.  P.  for  co.  Wexford ;  he  was  born 
in  1*94,  and  is  now  a  widower,  having 
married  in  1822  his  cousin-gcrman  Lady 
Charlotte- Albiuia  Montagu- Scott,  sister 
to  the  present  Duke  of  Buccleucb,  who 
died  in  1828,  leaving  issue  James- George- 
Henry  now  Viscount  Stopford,  and  two 
other  sons;  4.  the  Hon.  Edward  Stop- 
ford, Lieut. -Col.  in  the  army,  who  mar- 
ried in  1830  Horatia- Charlotte,  only 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lock  wood,  esq. 
and  widow  of  Richard  Tibbetts,  esq.  by 
whom  he  has  issue ;  5.  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Henry  Scott  Stopford,  Archdeacon 
of  Leighlin ;  who  married  in  1826  An- 
netta,  daughter  of  William  Browne,  of 
Browne's  Hill,  co.  Carlow,  esq.  and 
niece  to  the  Earl  of  Mayo ;  6.  the  Hon. 
Montagu  Stopford,  Capt.  RN.  and 
K.C.H.  who  married  at  Malta,  in  1827, 
Cordelia.  Winifreda,  second  daughter  of 
Colonel  George  Whitmore,  K.C.H. 
(then  commanding  the  Royal  Engineers 
in  that  Island,)  and  has  issue;  7.  Lady 
Mary- Frances ;  8.  Hon.  Robert,  who 
died  in  1828  in  his  26th  year ,  9.  Lady 
Elizabeth- Anna,  who  died  in  1832,  in 
her  28th  year;  10.  Lady  Jane,  married 
io  1833  to  Abel  John  Ram,  esq.  of  Clo- 
narten  ;  11.  Lady  Charlotte,  who  died  in 
1830,  in  her  23d  year;  and  12.  Lady 
Caroline,  who  died  an  infant. 


The  Eabl  of  Longford. 

May  24.  In  Portland-place,  aged  61, 
the  Rt.  Hon.  Thomas  Pakenham,  Earl 
of  Longford  (1785),  and  third  Baron 
Longford  (1756),  in  the  peerage  of  Ire- 
land, of  which  he  was  a  representative  peer 
in  the  Parliament  of  the  United  King- 
dom ;  Baron  Silchester,  of  Silchester,  co. 
Southampton  (1821),  in  the  peerage  of 
the  United  Kingdom;  K.P.,  Custos 
Rotulorum  of  the  county  of  Westmeath, 
Ac.  &c. ;  brother-in-law  to  the  Duke  of 
Wellington. 

His  Lordship  was  born  May  14,  1774^ 
the  eldest  son  of  Edward- Michael  the 
second  Baron,  by  the  Hon.  Catherine 
Rowley,  second  daughter  of  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Hercules  Langford  Rowley  and 
Elizabeth  Viscountess  Langford.  Ha 
succeeded  to  the  barony  of  Longford  pre- 
viously to  his  coming  of  age,  on  the 
2  D 


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202      Obituary.— Marchioness  Grimaldi.—Hon.  D.  Bouverie.  [Aug. 


death  of  his  father,  June  3,  1792;  and 
to  the  Earldom,  Jan.  27,  1794,  on  the 
death  of  his  grandmother,  on  whom  it 
had  been  conferred  in  1785.  He  was 
nominated  one  of  the  twenty-eight  repre- 
sentative peers  of  Ireland  at  the  Union ; 
and,  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George 
the  Fourth,  he  was  created  a  peer  of 
Great  Britain,  as  Baron  Silchester,  by 
patent  bearing  date  July  17,  1821. 

His  Lordship  married  Jan.  23,  1817, 
Lady  Georgiana- Emma- Charlotte  Ly- 
gon,  fifth  daughter  of  William  first  Earl 
Beaticbamp,  and  sister  to  the  present 
Earl;  and  by  her  Ladyship,  who  survives 
him,  had  issue:  1.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Edward 
Michael  now  Earl  of  Longford,  bom  in 
1819;  2.  the  Hon.  William-Lygon  Pa- 
kenham ;  3.  the  Hon.  Thomas- Alex- 
ander; 4.  the  Hon.  Charles- Reginald ; 
5.  the  Hon.  Henry- Robert ;  6.  the  Hon. 
Frederick- BeBiichamp ;  7.  a  son  still- 
born ;  8.  Lady  Catharine- Felicia ;  9. 
Lady  Georgiana- Sophia;  10.  a  daughter 
still-born;  11.  Lady  Louisa- Elizabeth, 
and  12.  the  Hon.  Francis- John,  born  in 
1832. 

His  Lordship  died  of  a  carbuncle 
seated  at  the  back  of  his  head. 


Marchioness  H.  L.  Grimaldi. 

Lately.  In  the  South  of  France,  the 
Marchioness  Henriette  Louise  Grimaldi, 
Marchioness  of  Cannes. 

She  was  the  daughter  and  heiress  of  the 
Marquis  Gaspar  Grimaldi,  the  chief  of 
the  bouse  of  Grimaldi  of  Antibes,  which 
branch,  as  next  in  succession  to  the  Prin- 
cipality of  Monaco,  on  the  decease  of 
Prince  Antonio  in  1731  without  male 
issue,  has  been,  for  70  years,  pursuing 
their  rights  against  the  female  issue  of 
Prinre  Antonio,  who  have  usurped  the 
Sovereignty  (which  is  a  male  fief  and 
subject  to  the  salic  law)  and  taken  the 
name  and  arms  of  Grimaldi. 

The  Marchioness's  family  are  consi- 
dered to  have  expended  two  hundred 
thousand  francs  in  the  prosecution  of 
their  claims.  She  has  instituted  her  first 
cousin,  the  Count  Henry  Grimaldi,  her 
heir,  whose  elder  brother,  the  Marshal 
Marquis  Philip  Grimaldi,  of  Antibes,  be- 
came, on  the  death  of  the  Marchioness's 
father,  next  heir  (de  jure)  to  the  So- 
vereignty, and  who  is  continuing  his 
endeavours  to  recover,  by  the  authority 
and  councils  of  the  King  of  Sardinia, 
fbe  Sovereignty  of  Monaco. 


Hon.  B.  Bouvf.rie. 
Ma y  31.    In  Edward-street,  Portman- 

Siuare,  aged  SI,  the  Hon.  Bartholomew 
ouverie,  a  Metropolitan  Commissioner 
of  Lunacy,  Ac.  &c. ;  uncle  to  the  Earl  of 
Had  nor. 


Mr.  Bouverie  waa  born  Oct  29,  1753, 
the  third  and  last  surviving  ton  of  Wil- 
liam first  Earl  of  Radnor,  and  the  second 
by  his  second  marriage  with  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  John  Alleyne,  of  Barba- 
does,  esq. 

He  was  a  member  of  University  col- 
lege, Oxford,  where  he  was  created  M.  A. 
July  6,  1775.  He  was  returned  to  Par- 
liament for  Down  ton  in  1797,  but  waa 
found  not  duly  elected.  He  sat  for  that 
borough  in  the  Parliament  of  1806,  and 
again  in  those  of  1820  and  1826,  until  the 
dissolution  in  1830.  He  held  for  6ome 
years  the  place  of  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners for  auditing  the  Public  Accounts. 

Mr.  Bouverie  married  March  9,  1779, 
Mary-Wyndbam,  second  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  James  Everard  Arundell,  and  aunt 
to  the  present  Lord  Arundell ;  and  by 
that  lady,  who  died  Feb.  22,  1832,  (and 
was  buried  at  Hanwell,  Middlesex,)  hud 
issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters :  1 . 
Anna- Maria,  who  died  in  1790,  aged  ten 
years;  2.  Henry- James  Bouverie,  esq. 
resident  Commissioner  of  the  Customs 
for  Scotland,  who  died  in  1832,  shortly 
after  his  mother  (see  Gent.  Mag.  vol. 
en.  pt.  i.  p.  376) ;  3.  the  Rev.  Edward 
Bouverie,  Vicar  of  Coleshill,  Berks, 
Chaplain  to  the  King,  and  Prebendary  of 
Salisbury;  he  married  in  1811  Frances- 
Charlotte,  4th  daughter  of  the  late  Rt. 
Rev.  H.  R.  Courtenay,  Lord  Bishop  of 
Exeter,  and  sister  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Devon,  and  has  issue  an  only  daughter ; 
4.  Charlotte,  who  was  married  in  1809  to 
Sir  Henry  St.  John  Mildmay,  Bart,  (bro- 
ther to  the  present  Countess  of  Radnor) 
and  died  in  the  following  year,  leaving 
issue  a  son  and  heir,  Henry- Bouverie- 
Paulet;  5.  Harriet  Countess  of  Rosebeny 
married  in  1808  to  Archibald-  John  present 
Earl  of  Roseberry,  which  marriage  was 
dissolved  in  1815  after  she  had  bad  issue 
the  present  Lord  Dalmeny,  and  other 
children  ;  6.  Wyndbam- Anna -Maria, 
murried  in  1813  to  Paulet  St.  John  Mild- 
may,  esq.  late  M.P.  for  Winchester  (next 
brother  to  the  Baronet  above  men. 
tioned,  and  to  the  present  Countess  of 
Radnor,  and  has  issue ;  and  7.  the  Rev. 
William  Arundell  Bouverie,  who  married 
in  1831  the  Hon.  Fanny  Sneyd,  Maid  of 
Honour  to  the  Queen,  2d  daughter  of  the 
late  Walter  Sneyd,  esq.  and  niece  to 
Lord  Bugot. 


Sir  Thomas  Slingsby,  Bart. 

Feb.  26.  At  Brighton,  aged  60,  Sir 
rhomas  Slingsby,  of  Scriven  Park, 
Yorkshire,  the  ninth  Baronet  (of  Nova 
Scotia,  1640). 

Sir  Thomas  was  born  Jan.  10,  1775, 


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1835.]  Sir  T.  Slingsby.—Sir  W.  C.  Medlycott.— Sir  A.  Corbet,  S[c.  203 


the  elder  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Turner 
Slingshv,  High  Sheriff  of  Yorkshire  in 
1785,  b>  his  first  wife  Miss  Catharine 
Buofcley.  He  succeeded  to  the  title  in 
IS-1-,  and  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of 
Yorkshire  in  1813,  when  there  were  three 
assizes,  a  special  commission  being  held 
for  the  trial  of  the  Luddites. 

He  wasspendingtbe  winter  at  Brighton, 
with  Mrs.  Slingaby,  the  widow  of  his 
late  brother,  accompanied  by  his  nephew 
and  niece;  Sir  William  and  Lady  In. 
gilby,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Worsley,  of 
Conyngbam  House,  were  also  there.  He 
is  succeeded  by  his  nephew,  Charles 
Slingsby,  esq. 

Sia  W.  C.  Mkdlycott,  Bart. 

May  23.  At  Venn  House,  Milborne 
Port,  in  his  68th  year,  Sir  William  Coles 
Medlycott,  Bart. 

He  was  born  Oct.  22,  1767,  the  elder 
fon  of  Thomas  Hutchings  Medlycott, 
esq.  sometime  M.P.  for  Milborne  Port, 
by  Jane,  only  daughter  of  William 
Coles,  esq.  of  Salisbury.  His  father, 
being  the  eldest  son  of  John  Hutch, 
ings,  of  Longstrect,  co.  Dorset,  esq.  by 
Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  James  Med- 
lycott,  esq.  a  Master  in  Chancery,  and 
M.P.  for  Milborne  Port,  took  the  name 
of  Medlycott  in  1765. 

The  gentleman  now  deceased  was  re* 
tamed  to  Parliament  for  Milborne  Port 
at  the  general  election  in  1790,  but  re- 
tired  by  accepting  the  Chiltern  Hun- 
dreds on  the  7th  of  June  in  the  following 
year.  He  was  created  a  Baronet  by  pa- 
tent dated  Sept.  24,  18(18. 

Sir  William  was  a  benevolent  husband 
and  parent,  kind  and  charitable  in  dispo- 
sition, and  closed  his  life  with  that  com- 
posure and  placidity  which  becomes  a 
real  Christian.  He  married  Jan.  28, 
17'i6,  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  William 
Tugwell,  esq.  of  Bradford,  Wilts,  by 
whom  he  bad  issue  two  sons  and  two 
daughters :  1.  Elizabeth,  who  died  in 
1^)5;  2.  Thomas,  who  died  in  1798;  3. 
the  present  Baronet,  Sir  William  Coles 
Medlycott,  born  July  31,  1806,  and  mar- 
ried in  1830  to  Sarah- Jeffrey,  only  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  E.  Bradford,  Rector  of 
Stalbndge,  Dorsetshire,  and  has  a  son 
and  a  daughter;  4.  Mary- Hutching*. 


Sia  Andrew  Corbet,  Bart. 

June  5.  At  bis  seat,  Aston  Reynold 
h&U,  Shropshire,  aged  68,  Sir  Andrew 
Corbet,  Bart,  of  Moreton  Corbet,  in 
the  same  county,  and  of  Linslade,  Bucks. 

This  lineal  representative  of  one  of 
the  most  ancient  Salopian  families  was 
the  only  son  of  Richard  Prince  Corbet, 
esq.  by  Mary,  daughter  and  heiress  of 


John  Wick  stead,  of  Wem,  esq.  Hi* 
father  died  at  Hal  ton  on  Hine  Heath, 
Jan.  30,  1799,  having  succeeded  three 
▼ears  before,  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother  Andrew  Corbet,  esq.  to  Show- 
bury  Park,  and  such  estates  as  remained 
to  the  family  after  their  ancient  patri- 
mony had  been  carried  by  a  female  heir 
to  the  Kynastons. 

He  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  of 
Shropshire  in  1798,  and  was  created  a 
Baronet  by  patent  dated  Oct.  3,  1808. 
The  same  dignity  had  been  previously 
possessed  by  the  elder  branch  of  the 
family,  having  been  conferred  in  1641-2 
on  the  distinguished  cavalier,  Sir  Vincent 
Corbet  (whose  widow  was  created  Vis- 
countess Corbet  for  life),  and  expired  on  the 
death  of  his  grandson,  the  third  Sir  Vin- 
cent, in  1688.  ( See  an  excellent  memoir 
on  the  family  in  the  vuluable  work  on 
the  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire,  by  Mr.  Blake- 
way). 

Sir  Andrew  married  April  22,  1790, 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Thomas  Taylor, 
of  Lyrame  Hall  iu  Cheshire,  esq.  bj 
whom  he  had  issue  four  sons  and  one 
daughter:  1.  Sir  Andrew  Vincent  Cor- 
bet, who  has  succeeded  to  the  Baronetcy ; 
he  was  born  in  1800,  and  married  in 
1820,  Rachel- Stephens,  eldest  daughter 
of  Colonel  John  Hill,  and  niece  to 
General  Lord  Hill ;  and  has  issue  four 
sons  and  two  daughters ;  2.  Judith,  who 
died  unmarried  in  1829,  aged  27;  3. 
Richard,  to  whom  the  late  Sir  Corbet 
Corbet,  Bart,  (whose  mother  was  the 
heiress  of  another  branch  of  the  family, 
the  Corbels  of  Stoke,  co.  Salop,  Barts.) 
bequeathed  the  Adderley  estates;  he 
married  in  1830  Eleanor,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  Croxton  Johnson,  and 
has  issue  a  son  and  three  daughters ;  4. 
Robert,  who  died  in  1829,  aged  23 ;  and 
5.  Vincent- Roger,  born  in  1808. 

Major- Gen.  Sir  John  Ross,  K.C.B. 

Lately.  At  Perth,  Major-  General  Sir 
John  Ross,  K.C.B. 

He  was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the 
52d  foot  in  1796,  Captain  in  1800,  Major 
180*,  and  Lieut..  Colonel  1808.  He 
commanded  that  regiment  at  the  battle  of 
Vimiera,  and  his  name  was  mentioned  in 
the  Duke  of  Wellington's  despatch.  On 
the  20th  Aug.  1811  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Adjutant- general  tfi  the  forces 
serving  in  Ceylon  from  whence  he  re- 
turned to  Europe  in  June  1814,  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health,  having,  in  the  same 
month,  received  the  brevet  of  Colonel. 
In  the  following  month  he  exchanged  to 
the  66th  foot.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed  Deputy  Adjutant-general  in 
Ireland;  in  1819  Commandant  of  the 


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204      Gen.  Burton.—  Vice- Aim.  Locke,  Esq.—  W.  Smith,  Esq.  [Aug 


depot  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  a  Major- 
GiT-ml  in  1830. 

He  was  nominated  a  Companion  of 
the  Bath  at  the  extension  of  the  Order  in 
1813,  and  received  the  orders  of  Wilhelm 
4th  class,  and  Wladimir  4th  class,  for 
his  services  at  Waterloo.  In  183...  he 
was  nominated  a  Knight  Commander  of 
the  Bath. 

He  married,  Oct.  2,  1811,  Catharine, 
only  daughter  of  the  late  General  Sir 
Robert  Brownrigg,  Bart.  G.C.B.  and 
she  died  on  the  1st  of  August  last. 


General  BiaTON. 
Jan.  2.    In  bis  77th  year,  Napier  Chris- 
tie Burton,  esq.  a  General  in  the  army, 
Colonel -commandant  of  the  60th  foot, 
or  rifle  corps. 

Mr.  Burton  was  an  American  by  birth. 
He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  the 
22d  foot  in  August  1775,  and  was  thence 
removed  to  the  3d  foot  guards  in  the  fol- 
lowing February.  In  1779  he  went 
to  America;  where,  in  September,  he 
obtained  a  Lieutenancy.  During  the 
winter  of  1779-80  he  was  in  the  actiou  of 
Hackensack  in  the  Jerseys ;  in  the  spring 
of  1780  at  those  of  Elizabeth  Town  ami 
Springfield ;  in  August  be  accomjianied 
the  guards  to  Virginia,  and  thence  to 
South  Carolina.  In  1781  be  was  present 
at  the  actions  of  the  Catawba  river,  the 
Yadkin  river,  Guildford  House,  and 
Cross  Creek ;  and  in  October  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  but 
was  soon  after  exchanged. 

In  1789  be  obtained  bis  company,  with 
the  rank  of  Lieut.- Colonel.  He  served 
with  the  guards  in  Flanders,  and  waa  at 
the  actions,  in  the  spring  of  1793,  of 
Cateau  and  Landrecy.  He  was  appointed 
a  brevet  Colonel  in  Feb.  1793,  a  Briga- 
dier-General on  the  staff  of  Guernsey  in 
Aug.  1796,  a  brevet  Major- General  Jan. 
I,  1798,  and  in  March  was  placed  on  the 
sfnjf  of  the  Eastern  district.  In  May 
1799,  he  was  appointed  Lieut -Governor 
of  Upper  Canada,  whence  he  returned  in 
January  1802;  was  in  1803  appointed  to 
the  staff  of  the  North-west  district,  where 
he  continued  till  Jan.  I,  1803,  when  he 
received  the  rank  of  Lieut.- General.  He 
was  appointed  one  of  the  two  Colonels- 
commandant  of  the  60th  fool,  Jan.  3, 
1806 ;  was  placed  on  tbe  staff  iu  Ireland 
in  August  following;  and  attained  the 
rank  of  General  June  4,  1814. 

General  Burton  was  Member  for 
Beverley  during  two  Parliaments,  from 
1796  to  1806.  He  had  been  an  invalid 
for  many  yeans. 


Vice- A  dm.  LoCKK. 
Mat/  9.    At  Haylauds,  near  Ryde,  iu 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  a^ed  78,  Walter  Locke, 
esq.  Vwc-Admiral  oi  the  White. 


He  was  Fiist  Lieutenant  of  the  Hebe 
frigate,  when  commanded  by  Sir  Edward 
Thorn  bo  rough  in  1783,  and  when  bia 
present  Majesty  was  a  midshipman  on 
board  the  same.  From  the  period  of 
the  Spanish  armament  in  1790  to  the 
commencement  of  the  war  with  the 
French  republic,  this  officer  commanded 
the  Cockatrice  cutter,  of  14  guns,  sta- 
tioned in  the  Channel.  He  served  as 
Lieutenant  of  the  Queen  Charlotte, 
bearing  the  flag  of  Earl  Howe,  at  tbe 
glorious  battle  of  the  1st  June  1794; 
soon  after  which  he  waa  made  a  Com- 
mander in  tbe  Charon  hospital  ship,  at- 
tached to  tbe  Channel  fleet ;  and  in  that 
vessel  waa  present  at  the  action  off 
l'Orient,  June  23,  1793.  He  obtained 
post  rank  on  the  22d  Sept.  in  the  same 
year,  and  successively  commanded  tbe 
Ville  de  Paris  of  110  guns,  and  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  a  second-rate. 

Captain  Locke  was  subsequently  em- 
ployed in  the  sea  fencible  service  at  Ber- 
wick, and  afterwards  in  the  Isle  of  Wigbt. 
Early  in  1811,  he  was  appointed  Agent 
for  prisoners  of  war  at  Portcbester;  in 
1814  he  became  a  Rear- Admiral,  and  in 
1823  Vice- Admiral. 

Adm.  Locke  had  a  numerous  family; 
one  of  whom,  James,  Lieut.  R.N.  fell  a 
victim  to  the  climate  in  the  West  Indies 
in  18US. 


William  Smith,  E*u. 
May  31.  In  Bland  ford-square,  aged  79, 
William  Smith, esq.  for  46  years  a  Member 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  the  lead- 
ing advocate  of  the  Dissenting  interest. 

Mr.  Smith  was  the  only  son  of  Samuel 
Smith,  esq.  of  Clap  ham  Common.  He. 
waa  bred  as  a  merchant  in  the  city  of 
London,  and  first  entered  Parliament  at 
the  general  election  in  1784  as  M.P.  for 
Sudbury.  In  1790  be  was  chosen  for 
Camelford,  and  in  1796  again  for  Sud- 
bury. In  1802  be  presented  himself  aa 
a  candidate  for  Norwich  ;  and,  though 
opposed  by  gentlemen  of  great  wealth 
and  interest  in  the  county,  tbe  result  of 
the  poll  was  as  follows : 

Robert  Fellowes,  esq   li>32 

William  Smith,  esq   1439 

Rt  Hon.  W.  Windham   1S66 

John  Frere,  esq   132M 

In  1806  he  was  defeated  by  John  Pat- 
teson,  esq.  but  in  the  following  year  be 
was  re-elected  with  Mr.  Patteson  instead 
of  Mr.  Fellowes;  and  he  subsequently 
retained  his  seat  until  the  dissolution  in 
1830. 

From  the  commencement  of  his  sena- 
torial career  Mr.  Smith  was  the  advocate 
of  liberal  measures.  So  long  since  as 
1787  we  find  him  supporting  Mr.  Beau, 
foy  on  a  motion  for  the  repeal  of  the 


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1835.]  Evan  Box  I  lit,  Esq.*— Thomas 

(  orporation  mid  Test  Acts  ;  and  on  the 
decease  of  that  gentleman  he  became  the 
leading  advocate  of  the  Dissenters,  under 
tbe  sanction  of  that  body,  whose  confi- 
dence he  enjoyed  for  upwards  of  forty 
years,  as  Chairman  to  tbe  Deputies  of 
the  three  Denominations.  He  was  always 
a  warm  advocate  of  Catholic  Emancipa- 
tion, of  the  abolition  of  tbe  Slave  trade 
and  Slavery,  of  a  return  to  Peace,  and  of 
Parliamentary  Reform,  on  which  last 
question  he  supported  the  present  Earl 
Grey  in  1797.  On  other  questions  be 
generally  voted  with  Mr.  Fox  and  the 
Whig  party,  and  frequently  delivered  his 
sentiments  in  an  able  manner.  Mr, 
Smith  was  also  Deputy  Chairman  of  tbe 
British  Fisheries,  and  a  Commissioner  of 
Highland  Roads  and  Bridges.  He  was 
always  ready  to  promote  every  public  and 
local  improvement,  and  was  a  warm  friend 
to  the  arts. 

He  married  Miss  Cope,  a  cousin  of 
Lady  Walthara,  and  had  a  numerous 
tnraily. 

Evan  Baillie,  Esq. 

June  28.  At  his  seat,  Dochfour,  near 
Inverness,  aged  93,  Evan  Baillie,  esq. 
formerly  M  P.  for  Bristol 

Mr.  Bail  lie  was  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent of  the  merchants  of  that  city,  and, 
previously  to  bis  election  to  represent  it 
m  Parliament,  was  one  of  the  Aldermen 
of  tbe  Corporation,  and  Colonel  of  tbe 
Bristol  Volunteers.  He  was  chosen 
Member  without  a  contest,  at  tbe  general 
election  o  f  1802,  re-elected  in  18M  and 
1807,  and  retired  in  1812. 

After  devoting  bis  energies  during  a 
long  series  of  years  to  the  affairs  of  the 
extensive  West  India  establishment  of 
which  be  was  the  founder,  and  to  the 
service  of  his  fellow,  citizens,  upon  firm 
principles  of  integrity  and  independence, 
be  many  years  ago  exchanged  the  active 
tarmod  of  civic  life  for  tbe  tranquil  re- 
tirement of  his  native  country,  where  he 
passed  the  evening  of  his  long  life,  and 
Has  now  descended  to  the  grave  of  his 
arii-eaters,  leaving  a  name  which  will  long 
be  dear  to  his  family,  and  held  in  esteem 
by  the  admirers  of  commercial  zeal  and 
political  independence. 

His  son,  the  present  James  Evan 
Baillie,  esq.  has  also  re  presented  Bristol 
in  three  Parliaments,  having  been  first 
chosen  in  1830 ;  but  was  defeated  at  the 
rl«ction  in  January  last. 

Thomas  Carter,  Esq. 
June  la    At  Edgcott,  Northampton- 
shire, where  be  bad  resided  on  his  pro- 
perty for  forty  years,  aged  7i>  Thomas 
Carter,  esq. 


Carter,  Esq.—W.  Cobbeti,  Esq.  205 

■ 

He  was,  early  in  life,  Private  Secretary 
to  tbe  Duke  of  Portland,  and  sat  in  Par- 
liament for  the  Borough  of  Taraworth 
from  1796  to  1802,  and  for  Callington  from 
1807  to  181  . .  He  was  distinguished  for 
a  .singular  firmness  in  friendship,  a  nice 
sense  of  honour,  and  a  strong  and  open- 
hearted  integrity  and  great  benevolence. 
He  married  a  daughter  of  W.  Campbell, 
e*q.  of  Shaw  field  and  Islay,  whose 
family  representative  is  the  present  Mem- 
ber for  Argyleshire.  Sbe  survives  him, 
and  he  has  also  left  an  only  sister.  He 
was  deservedly  beloved,  and  his  death  will 
be  long  and  severely  felt  by  a  numerous 
circle  of  relatives  and  ft  tends,  as  well  as 
by  bis  tenantry  and  domestics,  to  whom 
be  was  a  liberal  landlord  and  kind  master; 
be  bad  been  long  an  active  aud  efficient 
Magistrate  ;  and  his  loss  will  be  severely  1 
felt  by  the  poor  of  his  neighbourhood. 

William  Cobbett,  Esq.  M.P. 
June  18.    At  Normandy  farm,  in  the 
parish  of  Ash,  near  Farnbam,  Surrey, 
aged  73,  William  Cobbett,  esq.  M.P.  for 
Oldham. 

This  extraordinary  man  was  the  third 
of  the  four  sons  of  a  farmer  and  publican 
at  Farnbam,  who  occupied  a  house,  still 
standing,  beside  the  river  Wey,  which 
has  been  known  for  eighty  years  past  as 
M  Tbe  Jolly  Farmer."  It  is  believed 
that  his  grandfather  also  occupied  the 
same  house ;  his  name  is  recorded  on  a 
gravestone  in  Farnbam  churchyard  In 
memory  of  George  Cobbett,  who  died 
15tb  December,  1700,  aged  59." 

It  was  a  somewhat  extraordinary  mis- 
calculation, that  Cobbett,  when  writing 
of  bis  history  in  1797,  stated  that  he  was 
bom  in  1706,  thus  making  himself  four 
years  younger  than  be  was.  As  he  never 
appeared  to  be  certain  of  his  age,  his 
children  some  time  ago  procured  an  ex- 
tract from  tbe  register  of  Farnham,  by 
which  it  appeared  that  the  four  sons  of 
his  father,  George,  Thomas,  William,  and 
Anthony,  were  christened  on  tbe  1st  of 
April,  1763,  and  as  Antbony  was  the 
youngest  son,  and  William  was  the  third, 
it  is  inferred  that  he  was  horn  one  year 
t>efore  be  was  christened,  that  is,  on  the 
9th  of  March,  1762.  Tbe  eldest  brother 
was  a  shop-keeper,  the  second  a  farmer, 
and  the  youngest  a  soldier  in  the  East  India 
Company's  service,  and  afterwards  cele- 
brated for  bis  pugilistic  prowess.  The  se- 
cond is  the  only  survivor,  and  now  lives 
with  his  son  in  Featherston-street,  City 
Road. 

In  describing  William  Cobbett's  early 
career  we  have  the  advantage  of  an  auto, 
biographical  sketch,  which  he  published 
when  in  America.    This  we  sball  take 


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206 


Obituary.—  William  Cobbett,  Esq.M.P. 


as  our  guide,  though  our  limits  will  not 
permit  us  to  give  many  passages  at 
length. 

«*  A  father  like  ours,  it  will  be  readily 
supposed,  did  not  suffer  us  to  eat  the 
bread  of  idleness.  I  do  not  remember 
the  time  when  I  did  not  earn  my  own 
living.  My  first  occupation  was  driving 
the  small  birds  from  the  turnip  seed,  and 
the  rooks  from  the  pease.  When  I  first 
trudged  a  field,  with  my  wooden  bottle 
and  my  satchel  swung  over  my  shoulders,  I 
was  hardly  able  to  climb  the  gates  and 
stiles ;  and,  at  the  close  of  the  day,  to 
reach  home  was  a  task  of  infinite  diffi- 
culty. My  next  employment  was  weed- 
ing wheat,  and  leading  a  single  horse  at 
harrowing  barley.  Hoeing  pease  fol- 
lowed ;  and  hence  I  arrived  at  the  honour 
of  joining  the  reapers  in  harvest,  driving 
the  team,  and  holding  plough.  We  were 
all  of  us  strong  and  laborious ;  and  my 
father  used  to  boast,  that  he  bad  four 
boys,  the  eldest  of  whom  was  but  fifteen 
years  old,  who  did  us  much  work  as  any 
three  men  in  the  parish  of  Faroham. 
Honest  pride  and  happy  days  ! 

**  I  huve  some  faint  recollection  of  going 
to  School  to  an  old  woman,  who,  I  be- 
lieve, did  not  succeed  in  learning  me  my 
U  tters.  In  the  winter  evenings  my  father 
learnt  us  all  to  read  and  write,  and  gave 
us  a  pretty  tolerable  knowledge  of  arith- 
metic. 

u  Towards  the  autumn  of  1782,  I 
went  to  visit  a  relation  who  lived  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Portsmouth.  From 
the  top  of  Portsdown,  I  for  the  first 
time  beheld  the  sea  ;  and  no  sooner  did  I 
behold  it,  than  I  wished  to  be  a  sailor." 
The  next  day  he  went  on  board  the  Pe- 
gasus man-of-war,  but  both  the  Captain 
and  Port-  Admiral,  suspecting  him  to  be  a 
run -away,  declined  his  services,  and  per- 
suaded him  to  return  home,  where  he  re- 
mained till  the  following  spring,  when  be 
took  a  more  effectual  flight. 

It  was  on  the  6tb  of  May,  1783,  that, 
being  prepared  to  go  to  Guildford  fair, 
he  was  suddenly  tempted  to  mount  a 
London  coach,  and  arrived  at  Ludgate- 
hill,  with  nbout  balf-a-crown  in  his 
pocket.  During  the  journey,  he  fortu- 
nately made  acquaintance  with  a  hop- 
merchant,  who  he  found  had  dealt  with 
bis  father.  This  gentleman  kindly  took 
him  to  his  house,  and,  after  having  in  vain 
endeavoured  to  persuade  him  to  return 
home,  procured  him  a  situation  as  copy- 
ing clerk  to  Mr.  Holland,  of  Gray's  Inn, 
where  he  remained  for  nine  months  closely 
confined  to  the  desk,  except  on  Sundays. 

This  dull  and  incessant  labour  to  a 
mind  which  must  have  ever  been  active 
and  comprehensive,  became  at  last  irk- 


some to  him,  and  he  quitted  London  for 
Chatham,  where  he  enlisted.  In  doing  so 
he  proposed  to  join  the  Marines,  still  re- 
taining bis  partiality  for  the  sea;  but  by 
some  misunderstanding  he  found  himself 
entered  into  a  regiment,  the  service  com- 
panies of  which  were  in  Nova  Scotia. 

During  the  year  he  remained  at  Chat- 
ham he  improved  his  education  in  all  its 
branches. 

u  I  subscribed  to  a  circulating  library  at 
Brompton,  the  greatest  part  of  the  books 
in  which  I  read  more  than  once  over. 
Writing  a  "fair  hand  procured  me  the 
honour  of  being  copyist  to  General  De- 
beig,  the  commandant  of  the  garrison. 
Being  totally  ignorant  of  the  rules  of 
grammar,  I  necessarily  made  mistakes; 
the  Colonel  saw  my  deficiency,  and 
strongly  recommended  study.  I  pro- 
cured me  a  Lowth's  Grammar,  and  ap- 
plied myself  to  the  study  of  it  with  un- 
ceasing assiduity.  The  pains  I  took  can- 
not be  described  :  I  wrote  the  whole  out 
two  or  three  times ;  I  got  it  by  he*rt ; 
repeated  it  every  morning  and  every  even- 
ing ;  and  when  on  guard,  I  imposed  on 
myself  the  task  of  saying  it  all  over  once 
every  time  I  was  posted  sentinel.  To 
this  exercise  of  ray  memory  I  ascribe  the 
retentiveness  of  which  I  have  since  found 
it  capable:  and  to  the  success  with  which 
it  was  attended  I  ascribe  the  perseverance 
that  has  led  to  the  acquirement  of  the 
little  learning  of  which  I  am  master."  He 
was  soon  raised  to  the  rank  of  corporal, 
and  at  length  sailed  from  Gravesend. 

He  staid  but  a  few  weeks  in  Nova 
Scotia,  being  ordered  to  New  Brunswick, 
where  the  regiment  remained  till  Sept. 
1791,  and  was  then  relieved  and  sent 
home.  Shortly  after  his  landing  at  Ports- 
mouth, he  obtained  his  discharge,  receiving 
at  the  same  time  this  testimonial  from 
the  commanding  officer,  Lord  Edward 
Fitzgerald — 

"  These  are  to  certify,  that  the  bearer 
hereof,  William  Cobbett,  Serjeant- 
Major  in  the  aforesaid  regiment,  has 
served  honestly  and  faithfully  for  the 
space  of  eight  years,  nearly  seven  of  which 
he  has  been  a  non-commissioned  officer, 
and  of  that  time  he  has  been  five  years 
Sergjeant- Major  to  the  regiment;  but, 
having  very  earnestly  applied  for  his  dis- 
charge, he  in  consideration  of  bis  good 
behaviour,  and  the  services  he  has  ren- 
dered the  regiment,  is  hereby  discharged. 
Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of 
the  regiment,  at  Portsmouth,  this  29th 
day  of  December,  1791." 

"  Edward  Fitzgebald." 

Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  England,  he 
married  a  daughter  of  a  Serjeant- Major 
of  artillery,  whom  he  first  met  in  New 


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Obituary.—  William  Cobbett,  Esq.  M.P. 


•207 


Brunswick,  but  had  returned  home  seve- 
ral years  before  him.  At  the  same  period 
be  brought  forward  some  charges  against 
certain  officers  for  corruption  and  mis- 
conduct, and  demanded  a  Court  Martial 
upon  them  ;  but  in  this  procedure  he  met 
•itb  no  encouragement. 

**  I  went  to  France  in  March,  1798, 
and  continued  there  till  the  beginning  of 
September  following,  the  six  happiest 
months  of  my  life.  I  met  every  where 
with  civility,  and  even  hospitality,  in  a 
degree  that  I  never  had  been  accustomed 
to.  I  did  intend  to  stay  in  France  till  the 
spring  of  1793,  as  well  to  perfect  myself 
in  the  language,  as  to  pass  the  winter  at 
Paris.  I  bad  actually  hired  a  coach  to 
go  thither,  and  was  even  on  the  way,  when 
1  heard  at  Abbeville  that  the  King  was 
dethroned,  and  his  guards  murdered.  This 
intelligence  made  me  turn  off  towards 
Ham -de- Grace,  whence  1  embarked  for 
America."  He  landed  at  New  York  in 
Oct.  1792. 

It  was  in  America  that  Mr.  Cobbett 
first  distinguished  himself  by  bis  pen. 
Having  proceeded  from  New  York  to 
Philadelphia,  be  there  opened  a  booksel- 
ler's shop,  and,  commencing  a  periodical 
paper  or  succession  of  pamphlets  under 
the  title  of  Peter  Porcupine,  at  once 
made  a  display  of  those  extraordinary 
powers  of  style  and  expression  which 
have  rendered  his  name  so  celebrated. 
England  was  then  the  chief  point  of 
attack  with  the  French  or  democratic 
party  in  America,  and  Cobbett,  with  the 
spirit  of  contradiction  by  which  he  ever 
delighted  to  distinguish  himself,  stood 
boldly  forward  as  the  champion  of  his 
country.  A  Dr.  Rush  brought  an  action 
against  him  for  libel,  and  obtained  5,000 
dollars  damages,  which  disgusted  him  with 
America  so  completely,  that  he  quitted 
it,  and  came  to  England  in  1800. 

In  1801  be  settled  in  London,  and 
established  a  morning  paper  under  the 
title  of  The  Porcupine*  in  which  he 
warmly  supported  Mr.  Pitt    That  paper, 
however,  soon  failed,  and  he  afterwards 
set  up  The  Register,  which  has  been  con- 
tinued to  the  present  time.  Cobbett 
commenced  his  career  as  a  public  writer 
in  England  under  very  favourable  circum- 
stances.   He  was  powerfully  patronized 
by  the  Ministry.    Mr.  Wyndham  went 
even  so  far  in  the  House  of  Commons 
as  to  declare  that  a  statue  of  gold  ought 
to  be  erected  to  him.    His  letters  on  the 
subject  of  the  Treaty  of  Amiens  pro- 
duced a  great  sensation  both  here  and  on 
the  Continent.    Of  this  production  it 
was  said  by  the  celebrated  Swiss  histo- 
rian Muller,  that   it  was  more  elo- 
quent than  any  thing  that  had  appeared 
since  the  days  of  Demosthenes.  The 


sale  of  his  writings  was  at  this  time  so 
extensive  and  profitable  as  to  enable  bim 
to  purchase  a  valuable  estate  at  Botley  in 
Hampshire. 

In  1805,  from  a  hearty  Church  and  King 
man,  Cobbett  became  as  eager  a  Radical. 
It  is  generally  understood  that  his  per- 
sonal feelings  were  offended  by  Pitt's 
declining  to  be  introduced  to  him.  From 
that  time  he  was,  for  some  years,  a  grievous 
thorn  on  the  side  of  the  ministry.  At 
length,  in  1810,  an  opportunity  uppeared 
to  have  arrived  for  putting  bim  to  silence. 
His  remarks  on  some  military  flogging  at 
Ely,  (where  some  local  militia  men  were 
punished  under  the  surveillance  of  a  Ger- 
man regiment,)  provoked  a  government 
prosecution,  upon  which  he  was  sentenced 
to  two  years'  imprisonment  in  Newgate, 
and  to  pay  a  fine  of  1000/.  The  latter 
was  paid  by  a  subscription  of  his  friends. 

During  bis  confinement  he  continued 
to  write  with  his  wonted  spirit  and  per- 
severance, one  of  the  chief  objects  of  his 
attack  being  the  paper  currency.  In  1816 
he  changed  his  Register  into  a  twopenny 
pamphlet,  when  the  sale  is  said  to  have 
risen  to  the  unprecedented  number  of 
100,000.  The  measures  of  ministers, 
however,  at  length  effectually  alarmed 
him.  The  passiug  of  tbe  Six  Acts,  and 
the  anticipated  suspension  of  tbe  Habeas 
Corpus  Act,  induced  him  again  to  go  to 
America,  whither  he  sailed  in  April  1817. 
During  his  absence  he  parted  with 
Botley. 

He  still,  however,  continued  to  publish 
his  Register  at  intervals ;  and  returned  to 
England,  in  1819,  bringing  with  him  the 
bones  of  the  infidel  Tom  Paine.  He 
then  took  a  very  active  part  in  the  cause 
of  Queen  Caroline.  He  also  made  some 
unsuccessful  attempts  as  a  parliamentary 
candidate  at  Coventry,  and  at  Westminster. 

Renewing  his  attention  to  agriculture, 
betook  a  farm  at  Barnes  Elms,  in  Surrey, 
where  he  attempted  to  grow  several 
plants  and  trees  indigenous  to  America, 
and  to  introduce  Indian  corn  as  a  staple 
article  of  English  produce.  To  further 
bis  views,  he  published  a  Treatise  on 
Cobbett's  Corn  ;  printed  a  number  of 
bis  Register  on  paper  made  from  the 
husks,  and  established  depots  for  the  sale 
of  its  flour  and  bread.  The  project, 
however,  failed ;  he  resigned,  after  a  few 
years,  his  farm  at  Barnes ;  and  returned 
at  last  to  the  country  from  which  he 
came,  where  he  rented  of  Col.  Wood- 
rooffe  the  farm  of  Normandy,  consisting 
of  not  more  than  120  acres,  about  seven 
miles  from  Famham. 

Besides  the  writings  already  mentioned, 
Cobbett  published  in  1825,  The  History 
of  the  Protestant  Reformation  in  Eng- 
land and  Ireland,  which  attained  consider- 


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208 

able  popularity,  and  was  translated  into 
French  and  Italian,  in  consequence  of 
its  apparent  bias  to  the  papal  system.  In 
18*29  he  published  Advice  to  Young  Men 
and  Women ;  and  about  the  same  time, 
delivered  at  several  places,  a  course  of 
lectures  on  political  economy,  by  which 
be  sained  considerable  profit  and  applause. 

His  other  works,  besides  mere  political 
pamphlets,  are 

The  Emigrant's  Guide,  in  ten  Letters. 

Cobbett's  Poor  Man's  Friend. 

Cottage  Economy. 

Village  Sermons. 

An  English  Grammar,  in  letters  to 
his  Son. 

A  Grammar  to  teach  Frenchmen  the 
English  Language,  which  is  the  standard 
book  in  French  schools. 

A  translation  of  Marten's  Law  of 
Nations. 

A  Year's  Residence  in  America. 

Parliamentary  History  of  England  to 
1803,  in  twelve  volumes,  and  Debates 
from  1803  to  1810,  in  sixteen  volumes, 
royal  octavo.  When  to  these  are  added 
Porcupine's  Works  in  the  United  States 
from  1793  to  1801,  in  twelve  volumes, 
and  the  Political  Register  from  1802,  a 
due  estimate  may  be  made  of  the  extra- 
ordinary  quantity  of  matter  which  he 
passed  through  the  press. 

At  length,  in  1832,  after  the  passing  of 
the  Reform  Act,  he  was  returned  to 
Parliament  for  the  new  Borough  of  Old- 
ham, for  which  he  was  rechosen  at  the 
last  election  without  opposition.  In  the 
House  of  Commons  ne  was  neither 
brilliant  nor  obtrusive;  but  he  was  occa- 
sionally heard  with  indulgence  and  atten- 
tion. 

His  last  illness  was  of  some  duration. 
A  great  inclination  to  inflammation  of 
the  throat  had  caused  him  annoyance  from 
time  to  time,  for  several  years,  and  as  be 
got  older,  it  enfeebled  him  more.  He 
was  suffering  from  one  of  those  attacks 
during  the  late  spring,  and  when  the 
Marquis  of  Chandos  brought  on  his  mo- 
tion for  the  repeal  of  the  Malt  tax,  he 
attempted  to  speak,  but  could  not  make 
his  voice  audible  beyond  the  few  members 
who  snt  around  him.  On  the  voting  of 
supplies  on  the  15th  and  18th  of  May, 
he  exerted  himself  so  much,  and  sat  so 
late,  that  be  laid  himself  up.  He  deter- 
mined, nevertheless,  to  attend  the  House 
again  on  the  evening  of  the  Marquis 
of  Chandos's  motion  on  Agricultural 
Distress  on  the  S?.nh  of  May,  and  the 
exertion  of  speaking  and  remaining  late 
to  vote  on  that  occasion,  were  too  much 
for  him.  He  went  down  to  his  farm 
early  the  next  morning  after  this  late 
debate,  and  did  not  again  return. 
13 


[Aug. 

His  body  was  interred  on  the  27th  Jane 
in  the  same  grave  in  Fnrnbam  church- 
yard, where  lie  the  remains  of  his  father 
and  grandfather.  The  hearse  was  fol- 
lowed by  four  mourning  coaches,  and 
many  private  carriages.  In  the  first 
coach  were  Mr.  (Cobbett's  four  sons ; 
Mr.  Fielden,  M.P.  for  Oldham;  and 
Mr.  John  Leech,  late  M.P.  for  Surrey. 
The  other  coaches  contained  Mr.  Wakley, 
M.P. ;  —  Knowles,  esq. ;  Captain  Don- 
nelly ;  E.  C.  Faithfull,  esq. sobcitor ;  Mr. 
Beck,  of  Bolt-court,  Fleet-street;  Mr. 
Mellisb,  the  banker,  of  Godalming ;  Mr. 
Swaine,  of  "b  leet-street ;  Messrs.  Series, 
Lutchings,  Ellimon,  Coppin,  Wells,  Grey, 
Oldfield,  Gatsell,  &c.  Mr.  O'Connell 
joined  the  procession  on  the  road,  and 
evinced  his  bigotry  and  intolerance  by 
wearing  a  green  travelling  cap  during  the 
service.  It  is  supposed  he  expected  to  be 
asked  to  deliver  a  funeral  oration  over  the 
grave,  but  we  are  happy  to  say  that 
nothing  so  un-English  was  perpetrated 
at  the  funeral  of  William  Cobbett ;  who, 
whatever  were  his  faults,  certainly  re- 
tained a  honest  pride  in  the  simple  man- 
ners of  old  England. 

Mr.  Cobbett  is  survived  by  the  wife 
whose  marriage  has  been  already  men- 
tioned, and  by  seven  children.  The 
three  elder  sons,  William,  John,  and 
James,  are  all  bred  to  the  bar,  and  Richard 
is  articled  to  Mr.  Faithfull,  an  attorney; 
the  three  daughters  are  unmarried,  as  we 
believe  are  the  sons.  He  had  seven 
other  children,  who  died  young. 

We  have  little  space  to  make  those 
remarks  on  the  character  and  conduct  of 
Mr.  Cobbett,  which  the  subject  would 
authorize.  We  must,  therefore,  be  con- 
tented with  the  following  brief  summary 
from  the  Times  newspaper,  in  which  some 
of  its  leading  features  are  considered 
with  much  judgment  and  good  sense. 

"  Take  this  self-taught  peasant  for  all  in 
all,  he  was,  in  some  respects,  a  more  extra- 
ordinary Englishman  than  any  otherof  bis 
time.  *XHoritt  advtrsnm  *  \na  a  motto 
to  which  none  could  lay  equal  claim  with 
William  Cobbett.  Birth,  station,  em- 
ployment, ignorance,  temper,  character, 
in  early  life  were  all  against  him.  But 
he  emerged  from,  and  overcame  them 
all.  By  masculine  force  of  genius,  and 
the  lever  of  a  proud,  confident,  and  deter- 
mined willy  he  pushed  aside  a  mass  of 
obstacles  of  which  the  least  and  slightest 
would  have  repelled  the  boldest  or  most 
ambitious  of  ordinary  men. 

"  Cobbett  was  by  far  the  most  volu- 
minous writer  that  has  lived  for  centu- 
ries.   He  has  worked   with  incessant 
industry  for  more  than  forty  years,  with-' 
out,  we  verily  believe,  the  interruption  of 


Obituary.— JF?//iVi»i  Cobbett,  Esq.  M.P. 


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MK3 


Obituaky. — Thomas  Clayton,  E$q. 


so  much  as  a  single  week  from  languor  of 
spirit,  or  even  from  physical  weakness. 
Tbe  general  characteristics  of  bis  style 
were  perspicuity  unequalled  and  inimi- 
table, a  homely,  muscular  vigour,  a  purity, 
always  simple,  aud  raciness  often  elegant 

**  His  argument  is  an  example  of  acute 
fet  apparently  natural,  nay  involuntary, 
logic,  smoothed  in  its  progress  and  ce- 
mented in  its  parts  by  a  mingled  stream 
of  torturing  sarcasm,  contemptuous  jocu- 
larity, and  fierce  and  slaughtering  invec 
ti  ve .  His  faults  are  coarseness,  brutality, 
and  tedious  repetition.  We  must  add, 
tbat  the  matter  of  this  most  forcible  of 
writers,  rarely  shows  much  inventive  fa- 
culty; though  his  active  and  observing 
mind  supplied  abundance  of  illustration 
to  bis  argument ;  and,  when  be  happens 
to  present  an  original  view  of  any  subject, 
it  is  almost  invariably  more  eccentric  and 
ingenious  than  just. 

**  Bat  as  a  political  reasoner,  consi- 
dered with  reference  to  a  series  of  publi- 
cations throughout  successive  years,  if  we 
admit  Cobbett  to  be  tbe  most  copious 
and  diligent  of  writer*,  it  is  only  to  pro- 
nounce bim  by  far  the  most  inconstant 
and  faithless  that  ever  appeared  before 
his  countrymen.  He  never  was,  in  the 
proper  sense,  a  party  man  ;  that  we  ac- 
knowledge. His  fluctuating  praise,  there- 
fore, or  blame  of  individuals,  being  inci- 
dental to  his  support  or  condemnation  of 
certain  doctrines,  is  not  a  ground  whereon 
it  would  be  reasonable  to  reproach  him. 
But  for  the  doctrines  themselves,  for  tbe 
principles,  tbe  opinions,  tbe  measures, 


year  to  year  he  alternately 
wrote  up  and  reprobated — we  speak  not 
of  the  men — in  this  point  of  view  it  is, 
tbat  Cobbetfs  pretensions  to  common 
consistency,  or  common  honesty,  or  com- 
mon decency,  seem  altogether  not  so 
much  untenable  as  laughable.    The  man 
wrote  as  if  wholly  unconscious  of  having 
everwritten  anything  before.  He  not  only 
repeated  himself,  which  was  bis  custom, 
but  repeated,  with  grave  contempt  for 
mankind,  bis  contradictions  of  himself 
as  earnestly  and  vehemently  as  he  had  at 
first  repeated  tbe  opinions  which  he  was 
now  busy  in  abandoning.     This,  with 
his  strange  and  solitary  perverseness  on 
particular  questions,  affixed  a  levity  to  his 
name  and  character,  which  long  ago  de- 
stroyed all  the  influence  his  unquestioned 
abilities  must  otherwise  have  infallibly 
procured  him;  and  the  same  spirit  be- 
traying itself  after  he  had  got  into  Par- 
liament prevented  his  acquiring  airy  weight 
or  credit  there  at  all  proportionate  to  the 
itrength  and  vivacity  of  his  intellect,  if 
be  bad  not  so  mischievously  abused  it." 
Qtm.  Ma*.  Vol.  IV. 


Thomas  Clayton,  Esq. 
Feb.  18.    At  Can-  Hall,  near  Black, 
bum,  in  his  80th  year,  Thomas  Clayton, 
esq. 

He  was  the  last  male  representative  of 
the  ancient  family  of  tbe  Claytons,  of 
Little  Harwood,  near  Blackburn,  where 
they  resided  in  unbroken  lineal  succession 
from  the  time  of  Edward  the  Third  to  tbe 
present  century,  when  the  principal  family 
residence  was  transferred  to  Can*  Hall, 
near  Colne,  which  had  been  acquired  by 
a  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  the  Town- 
leys,  of  Barnside  and  Carr  Hall. 

He  was  born  on  the  16th  May,  1775, 
was  fifty-eight  years  in  the  Commission  of 
the  Peace,  and  was,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  the  father  of  the  Magistracy  of 
the  County  Palatine  of  Lancaster.  He 
was  also,  at  the  same  period,  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  the  County. 

In  early  life  he  held  successively  tbe 
rank  of  Captain  and  Major  in  the  regi- 
ment of  Royal  Lancashire  Volunteers, 
commanded  by  the  late  Earl  of  Wilton ;  and 
on  the  announcement  of  that  nobleman's 
resignation  to  King  George  the  Third, 
was  instantly  nominated,  by  the  Sove- 
reign, as  his  successor.  Col.  Clayton 
served  with  his  regiment  many  years  in 
Ireland,  during  the  disturbances  before 
tbe  Union  with  Great  Britain,  and  con- 
tinued to  command  it  until  it  was  dis- 
banded at  the  Peace  of  1802. 

In  1808  Colonel  Clayton  served  the 
office  of  High  Sheriff  of  the  County  of 
Lancaster. 

In  1821  he  received  the  thanks  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Hundred  of  Blackburn, 
assembled  at  a  public  meeting,  and  was 
presented  with  a  service  of  plate,  of  above 
500  guineas  value,  raised  by  subscription, 
as  an  acknowledgment  of  his  active 
exertions  in  the  preservation  of  the  peace 
of  the  district,  then  greatly  disturbed  by 
seditious  and  tumultuous  assemblages. 

To  the  period  of  bis  death,  notwith- 
standing his  advanced  age,  there  was 
scarcely  on  the  Bench  bis  rival  in  personal 
or  mental  energy.  His  fatal  illness  at- 
tacked him  while  he  was  engaged,  with 
his  usual  cheerfulness,  in  preparations 
for  the  marriage  of  his  only  daughter, 
which,  at  bis  own  anxious  request,  on  a 
a  temporary  abatement  of  his  disorder, 
was  celebrated  on  the  day  at  first  pro- 
posed, and  afforded  him  the  utmost  satis, 
faction  in  his  expiring  moments.  Miss 
Clayton  was  united  on  the  10th  Feb.  to 
Edward  Every,  esq.  second  son  ot  Sir 
Henry  Every,  of  Egginton  Hall,  co.  Derby, 
Bart. 

Colonel  Clayton  was  as  much  distin- 
guished by  warmth  of  benevolence  of 

8  E 


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Obituary.— Jame*  Norrit,  Esq. 


310 


heart  end  by  genuine  courtesy  of  i 
a*  by  firmness  and  decision  of  character. 
Of  his  kindness  as  a  roaster,  it  is  a  suffi- 
cient testimonial,  that,  at  the  time  of  his 
decease,  more  than  one  servant  had  been 
eight  and  thirty  years  in  bis  house,  and 
some  of  lis  people  bad  continued  for  a 
still  longer  period  in  his  service.  His 
animated  How  of  spirits,  the  wide  field 
of  observation  supplied  by  a  long  and 
active  life,  and  a  memory  exactly  retentive 
of  remote  occurrences,  rendered  his  con- 
versation, when  on  the  very  verge  of 
eighty,  a  source  of  delightful  information. 

He  was  eminently  loyal  as  a  subject, 
and  ardent  in  his  attachment  to  the 
ancient  institutions  of  his  country,  both 
civil  and  religious ;  a  liberal  supporter  of 
the  various  measures  at  present  happily 
in  progress  tor  its  moral  and  social  im. 
provement,  and  for  the  general  diffusion 
of  Christian  knowledge;  a  kind  benefactor 
to  the  poor ;  an  active  promoter  of  every 
local  improvement,  and,  to  sum  up  all, 
be  was  a  worthy  representative  of  the 
old  school  of  English  gentry — the  ex- 
tinction of  which,  by  any  possible  fatality 
in  our  destinies,  would  cause  a  miserable 
erasure  indeed  from  our  natioual  es- 
cutcheon, quite  as  difficult  to  be  supplied 
by  any  novel  insertion,  as  the  honours  of 
"  a  bold  peasantry,**  or  any  other  of  its 
ancestral  glories. 

But  we  have  better  hones  for  our  native 
land;  and  record  the  character  we  have 
imperfectly  attempted  to  trace,  not  under 
any  apprehension  that  the  generosity,  the 
urbanity,  the  public  spirit,  the  neigh, 
hourly  and  household  virtues  which  dis- 
tinguished it,  are  in  any  danger  of  disap- 
pearing from  our  view,  but  as  a  just  tri- 
bute to  the  worth  of  one  so  long  known 
aud  revered  amongst  us,  and  in  full  con- 
fidence, that  whatever  was  estimable  in 
him,  will  be  imitated  by  those  who  are 
rising  to  occupy  the  same  rank  in  life,  and 
to  exercise  the  same  important  influence 
in  our  social  system. 

James  Norris,  Esq. 

Jan.  2.  At  Nonesuch  House,  near 
Devizes,  aged  65,  James  Norris,  Esq. 

It  is  the  province  of  the  biographer  to 
pourtray  faithfully  and  explicitly  the  moral 
and  intellectual  features  of  the  person 
whose  memoirs  he  furnishes  to  the  public. 
Not  only  tbe  good  deeds  and  merits  of 
the  party  should  be  defined,  but  bis  errors, 
and  even  vices,  ought  not  to  be  entirely 
overlooked ;  for  biography,  like  the  drama, 
should  "  hold  the  mirror  up  to  nature." 
The  follies  and  eccentricities  of  man,  as 
well  as  his  noble  actions  and  meritorious 
works,  are  proper  subjects  for  literary 
record,  the  first  serving  as  beacons  to 


(Aug- 


warn  the  reader,  and  the  latter  as 

tives  to  emulation.  It  is  not  wealth,  nor 
ancestry,  nor  talents  that  claim  respect 
and  admiration,  but  the  proper  application 

of  them. 

We  have  to  record  some  particulars  of 
the  life  of  a  gentleman  whom  **  Nature 
had  cast  in  her  happiest  mould ;"  for  he  was 
fitted  with  talents  to  have  shone  in  society, 
and  blessed  with  wealth  and  learning 
sufficient  to  have  rendered  him  inde- 
pendent and  happy.  Yet,  by  a  strange 
perversion  of  reason,  he  shrunk  from 
social  intercourse,  from  its  duties  and 
enjoyments,  and  became,  if  not  a  misan- 
thrope, an  useless  member  of  society. 

James  Norris,  Esq.  was  the  youngest 
son,  and  tbe  survivor  of  five  sons  and  six 
daughters,  of  tbe  late  William  Norris, 
Esq.  of  the  same  place.  Having  received 
a  good  education,  he  was  in  his  early  years 
studious,  and  inclined  to  scientific  pur- 
suits, and  was  eminently  skilled  in  natu- 
ral history  and  botany.  Handsome  in 
person  and  elegant  in  manners,  he  evinced 
also  a  highly-cultivated  mind,  which 
seemed  to  promise  in  early  life,  a  high 
station  in  society,  and  that  he  would  rise 
to  be  an  ornament  to  the  age  in  which  he 
lived;  but  he  shrunk  from  social  inter- 
course. As  be  advanced  in  years,  by  gradu- 
ally giving  way  to  a  natural  shyness,  and 
indulging  in  an  indolent  apathy,  be  grew 
into  a  most  eccentric  character.  Being 
tbe  survivor  of  his  family,  he  became  pos- 
sessed of  very  considerable  landed  pro- 
perty, which  had  descended  from  u  line  of 
respectable  ancestors,  and  also  personal 
property  to  a  large  amount.  Yet  he  suf. 
fered  bis  indolence  to  surmount  a  love  of 
wealth,  which  be  well  knew  how  to  value, 
though  not  to  use;  and  permitted  his 
rents  to  remain  in  bis  steward's  hands  for 
a  long  course  of  years,  unaccounted  tor 
and  unclaimed,  and  fina'ly  be  lost  a  large 
sum  by  tbe  failure  of  his  steward.  liis 
dividends  accumulated  in  the  same  man- 
ner with  his  banker,  unnoticed,  and  him- 
self unconscious  of  their  amount  The 
rents  of  some  property  near  his  residence 
sufficed  for  the  expences  of  his  small 
household,  and  of  these  he  waspenuriously 
careful. 

From  the  same  listless  disposition  he 
declined  sbaviug  for  many  years,  and  suf- 
fered his  beard  to  grow  to  a  most  vene- 
rable length  ;  and  what  seemed  rather 
extraordinary  in  one  who  professed  bim- 
■  .'If  nice  in  some  other  respects, he  fe'dora 
changed  his  linen,  or  renewed  any  p*.rt  of 
his  apparel;  it  was  worn  as  long  as  it 
would  possibly  serve.  Aware  of  bis 
infirmity,  and  conscious  of  bis  personal 
appearance,  be  habituated  himself  to  a 
secluded  life,  seldom  rising  before  the 


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1 W ^  O b i t fin t. -Mrs.  Davits  of  Trciproc9,  211' 

tn^d\e  of  the  flay,  and  latterly  not  until    who  died  164. , aged  above  70,  and  was 
me  evening  ;  taking  bis  principal  meal    buried  in  Coychurch  chancel ;  by  his 
tnd  w*\k  after  the  witching  hour  of  night,    wife  Catherine  (died  8  June,  161 2),  daugh- 
•nd  retiring  to  rest  aa  the  mom  approached,    ter  of  John  Garaage,  Esq.  he  had  a  son, 
Besides  Yns  two  sisters,  who  died  some    Edward  Thomas,  Esq.  who  died  1  Oct. 
short  time  before  him,  whose  amiable    16*5,  aged  47.  and  was  buried  in  Coy. 
manners  and  charitable  and  kind  dispo-    church  chancel,  leaving  by  Florence  his 
sit  ion*  will  be  long  remembered  by  those    wife:  1.  Robert,  of  whom  hereafter  ;  2. 
to  whom  they  were  known,  be  was  seldom    Edward,  who  killed  Edmund  Thomas,  of 
seen  by  any  one  but    the    servants,    Coyty,  in  a  duel,  wbirh  was  fought  with 
declining  all  intercourse,  even  with  bis    rapiers  at  Kivan  Hirgoed,  near  Coyty, 
neighbours,  as  much  as  possible,  and  often    4  Feb.  1661,  in  consequence  of  which  he 
speaking  from  behind  a  door  or  a  screen,    fled  to  Ireland,  and  changed  his  name  to 
or  in  the  obscurity  of  the  evening  Rowland  ;  3.  David,  clerk,  who  was 
Since  the  death  of  his  last-surviving    tried  on  account  of  the  above  duel,  and 
sister,  in  the  past  summer,  his  health    acquitted,  in  Glamorgan ;  be  was  after- 
gradually  declined.     From  his  peculiar    wards  indicted  at  Hereford,  and  acquitted 
habits  and  mode  of  life,  it  was  surprising  after  many  contests  in  the  King's  Bench 
that  be  should  have  so  long  enjoyed  its  (see  Keeble's  Reports);  4.  John,  a  sur- 
eontinuance;  and  when  evidently  suffering  geon,  who  fled  to  Portugal  in  conse- 
from  severe  bodily  pain,  as  his  end  ap-  quence  of  the  part  which  he  took  in  the 
proacbed,  he  declined  having  any  medical  said  duel,  and  dying  on  bis  passage  borne 
advice,  or  any  of  those  additional  comforts  from   Lisbon,  23  August,    1603;  was 
wbirh  iliness  required,  and  in  a  state  buried  at  Stepney  Church.    Tbe  above, 
which  would  be  thought  lamentable  for  named  eldest  brother,  Robert  Thomas, 
a  pauper,  but  more  to  be  regretted  for  one  M.D.  sold  tbe  Tregroes  estate,  and  fled 
that  could  command  every  aid,  he  closed  to  Leyden,  in  consequence  of  the  duel, 
his  last  hours  in  pain  and  wretchedness.  but  returned  home  afterwards,  and  dying 
It  is  lamentable  to  have  to  pourtray  1690,  aged  62,  was  buried  at  St.  John's 
misapplied  talents,  but  it  is  useful  some-  church.  Cardiff;  by  Elizabeth  his  wife, 
times  to  do  so,  to  show  that  happiness  is  (who  died  12  Oct.  1680,  and  was  buried 
the  reward  of  industry,  and  that,  in  what-  at  Coychurch),  he  left  Edward  Thomas, 
ever  station  of  life  we  are  cast,  there  are  Esq  Attorney  at  Law,  who  bought  the 
duties  to  perform,  which,  if  neglected,  lead  Tregroes  estate  back  again  ;  be  married 
to  pain  and  un happiness.  Miss  Ann  Morgan,  heiress  of  P wily- 
Mr.  Norris,  by  his  paternal  pedigree,  wrach  (who  died  3  Nov.  1729,  and  was 
was  allied  to  tbe  Metbuen  and  Neal  fami-  buried  at  Colwinstone),  and  had  seventeen 
lies  in  the  county  of  Wilts.    His  father  children,  and  dying  at  Cowbridge,  14 
is  buried  in  Exeter  cathedral,  where  there  Sept.  1717,  aged  62,  was  buried  at  Coy- 
is  a  monument  to  his  memory.  church.     The   Pwllywrach  estate  de- 

  wended  to  David  Thomas,  his  youngest 

_  son,  who  was  father  of  David  Thomas, 

Ma§.  Davies,  of  Tregboes.  £*q.  of  pwl)yWracb.  Sheriff  of  Glamor- 

May  17.    At  Tregroes.  aged  86,  the  gan  1777;  and  the  Tregroes  estate  to  bis 

widow  of  William  Davies,  Esq.  of  Swan-  eldest  surviving  son,  the  Rev.  Morgan 

sea,  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  Rev.  Thomas,  M.A.  Rector  of  Oxwich  and 

Morgan  Thomas,  of  Tregtoes.  Lougher,  who  married,   1.  Elizabeth, 

The  deceased  will  long  be  remembered  daughter  of  Lord  Mansel  of  Margum,  by 

in  that  neighborhood  for  her  extensive  whom  he  had  no  issue;  2.  Ann  David; 

charities  to  her  poorer  neighbours,  and  in  and  dying  at  Tregroes,  18  Nov.  1771, 

tbe  county  at  large  for  ber  munificent  aged  76,  was  buried  at  Coychurch.  By 

donations  to  charitable  institutions.  his  second  wife  he  left  issue,  Edward 

The  family  of  Thomas  of  Tregroe?,  Thomas,  Esq.  of  Tregroes,  Sheriff  of 

CO-  Glamorgan,  is  a  branch  of  the  fa-  Glamorgan  1772,  upon  whose  death  in 

mily  of    the   same  name  which  was  1822  the  estate,  together  with  an  immense 

long  seated  at  Llanmihangel  in  the  same  personal  property,  which  came  to  the 

county.    James  Thomas,  Esq.  who  was  family  as  next  ot  kin  to  William  Rees, 

created  Blewmantle  Chester  Herald  at  Esq-  of  Court  Coleman,  descended  to 

Arms,  by  tbe  Earl  of  Leicester,  June  \,  his  sister  tbe  late  Mrs.  Davies;  who  ia 

1567,  was  6th  son  of  James  Thomas,  succeeded  at  Tregroes,  by  William  Tbo- 

Esq.  of  Llanmihangel,  by  Jane  his  wife,  mas,  Esq  late  of  Dedham,  Essex,  who 

daughter  of  Edmund  Vbnn,  Esq.  of  is  grandson  of  John  Thomas,  Gent,  a 

Aiarrros*.    His  son  Edward  was  father  younger  brother  of  the  abovenamed  Rev. 

of  Ber.  Robert  Thomas,  of  Tregroes,  Morgan  Thomas. 
JO.  filly  yemr*  Rector  of  Coychurch,       cWtfrifo  J*>y  13, 1835.  J  J. 


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712                  OBfTUAKT.— Chatlet  Mathtwi,  B«j.  [Any- 

Cmaalev  Matuews,  Esq.  a*  Lingo,  And  mnde  a  hit.    In  Wale*  be 
June  28.    At  Devonport,  on  his  50th  remained  nearly  four  year*,  making  re- 
birthday,  Charles  Mathews,   Esq.  the  peated  applications  to  Bath  and  York* 
eminent  comedian.  then  the  two  histrionic  high  roads  to  Loss* 
Mathews  was  born  on  the  28th  June  don.    EUiston,  hi*  school  and  play-mate* 
1776,  at  No.  18,  in  the  Strand,  where  his  was,  in  1796,  creating  a  sensation  at  thu 
lather,  Mr.  James  Mathews,  was  a  re-  Haymarket,  whilst  Mathews  was  linger, 
spectable  bookseller.    He  was  educated  log  in  Lkmdillo,  living  upon  leeks  After 
■t  Merchant-taylora'  school,  where  he  a  long  correspondence  he  was  engaged,  id 
remained  until  the  age  of  seventeen,  hav-  August,  1798,  by  Tate  Wilkinson,  us- 
ing been  three  years  before,  at  the  usual  principal  low  comedian  at  York,  Leeds, 
age,  bound  apprentice  to  bis  father.   The  Hull,  Doncaster,  and  Wakefield,  for  the 
bookseller  was  a  Wesleyan  methodist,  and  sum  of  30s  weekly,  and  four  benefits  per 
from  religious  motives  did  not  permit  vear.    To  York  be  went,  taking  with 
bis  children  to  visit  a  theatre ;  but  the  him  Mrs.  M.  late  Miss  E.  K.  Strong,  of 
circumstance  of  meeting  st  an  evening  Exeter,  a  lady  of  respectable  family,  and 
French  school  with    Robert   William  the  authoress  of  a  volume  of  Poems,  and 
EUiston.  (who  then  went  to  St.  Paul's,)  some  Novels.    Their  marriage  took  place 
inflamed  that  curiosity  which  prohibition  in  1797,  and  this  lady  died  of  decline,  in 
had  perhaps  originally  excited.    By  the  May  1808.     Mathews  was  not  at  all 
connivance  of  a  shopman,  Master  Ma-  appreciated  during  bis  first  season  in 
thews  stole  out,  and  went  to  the  two-  Yorkshire;  Emery,  whom  he  succeeded, 
shilling  gallery  of  old  Drury.    From  that  had  left  a  name  of  fame  behind  him  that 
moment  all  occupation,  save  that  of  acting,  long  impeded  bis  successor.    The  death 
became  "stale,  flat,  and  unprofitable."  of  Mrs.  Mathews  had  an  injurious  effect 
He  enacted,  in  a  back  room  of  a  pas-  on  bis  health  ;  be  was  subject  to  epileptic 
try  .cook's  in  the  Strand,  two  or  three  fitf,  and  such  was  his  state  of  depression, 
parts,  in  a  theatre  decorated  with  sheeta  that   Me  Win  (a  warmhearted  eccentric 
and  carpets  for  scenery;  and  of  which  actor)  made  Mathews  board  and  lodge 
establishment,  prophetic  of  his  future  fate,  with  him,  "  to  keep  him  alive." 
young  EUiston  waa  the  manager.  In  the  early  part  of  1803,  he  received 
In  Sept.  1793,  Charles  Mathews  stole  an  offer  from  Colinan  to  try  his  fortune  at 
away  to  Richmond,  where  be  made  his  the  Haymarket.    Tate  Wilkinson  gene- 
first  public  appearance  on  the  stage,  as  rously  released  him  from  hisartides.  As 
Richmond,  in  Richard  the  Third,  and  he  meditated  departure  from  Yorkshire, 
Bowkitt,  in  the  Son-in-Law.   His  father,  he  discovered,  what  he  had  for  some 
finding  his  son's  mind  fixed  upon  the  stage,  months  suspected,  tbat  he  was  in  love; 
one  day  addressed  him  thus: — **  Charles,  he  again  proved  a  thriving  wooer,  and  was 
there  are  your  indentures,  and  there  are  united  to  Miss  Jackson  (half-sister  to 
twenty  guineas ;  1  do  not  approve  of  the  Miss  Kelly).    Colinan  extended  the  en- 
stage,  but  1  will  not  oppose  your  wishes,  gagement  to  Mrs.  and  Mr.  Mathews, 
At  any  time  hereafter,  should  you  feel  and  to  town  they  came.    Jabal  (in  The 
inclined  to  turn  to  an  bonest  calling,  there  Jew),  and  Lingo,  were  the  characters  in 
are  twenty  guineas  more,  if  you  send  for  which  he  appeared  on  the  15th  May,  1803 ; 
them,  and  your  father's  house  is  open  to  six  performers  made  their  first  appearances 
you."    The  second  twenty  guineas  Ma-  in  the  same  play  on  that  night,  of  which 
thews  never  claimed.    The  youth  found  Mathews  alone  was  pre-eminently  sue- 
himself,  ere  he  was  18,  with  the  wide  cesaful.    On  the  20th  May,  Mrs.  Ma. 
world  before  him.    A  dramatic  agent,  for  thews  appeared  as  Emma  to  the  Peeping 
a  consideration,  obtained  him  an  engage-  Tom  of  her  spouse.    In  1804  they  were 
ment  at  Canterbury,  where  he  played  Old  jointly  engiigca  at  Drury  Lane;  and  there 
Doily  and  Lingo ;  but  having  three  good  and  at  the  Haymarket  they  remained  until 
coats,  tbey  forced  him  to  go  on  for  tbe  the  16th  of  September,  1810,  when  Mrs. 
walking  gentleman,  whereat  Charles  be-  Mathews  quitted  tbe  stage, 
came  indignant,  and  walked  off.  Mathews'  talent  bad  little  opportunity 
In  June,  1794,  be  appeared  in  Dublin,  for  displaying  itself,  until  the  fire  sent  the 
where  be  became  acquainted  with  Geo.  company  to  the  Lyceum  ;  there  his  Dick 
Wm.  Cooke,  afterwards  a  prominent  cba-  Cypher  made  him  a  feature.  In  tbe  same 
racter  in  bis  "  At  Home,"  and  found  a  year  ( 1809)  he  plaved  Buskin,  in  the  farce 
patron  in  Curran.    Being  confined,  how-  of  Killing  no  Murder,  which  had  an 
ever,  to  inferior  parts,  he  quitted  Ireland  extraordinary  run.    At  the  end  of  the 
m  Aug.  1795.    On  his  passage  he  was  season,  1810-11,  he  quitted  Drury  Lane, 
shipwrecked ;  but  got  off  in  a  boat  to  and  performed  on  the  provincial  boards. 
Swansea,  w  here  he  subsequently  appeared  On  the  12th  of  October,  1812,  be  ap- 


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i  m .]  OmiTVAMY— Charles  Mat  hew*,  E*q.  1  1  3 


peared  at  Covent- garden,  where  be  was  the  strength  of  his  various  and  Taried 

engaged  for  five  years,  at  14/.  15/.  and  resources. 

161.  per  week.  After  six  years'  success  with  this  enter- 
In  1815  be  was  (with  Terry)  thrown  tainment,  Mr.  Mathews  went  in  1823  to 
out  of  his  gig,  and  had  his  right  leg  frac-  America,  where  he  was  extremely  well 
tured.    This  occurred  in  the  midst  of  the  received  by  the  public.  Being  [libelled  in 
Hay  market  season,  and  his  absence  visibly  the  Philadelphia  Gazette,  he  brought  an 
affected  the  receipts.    He  imprudently  action,  and  was  awarded  3,000  crowns 
left  bis  chamber  too  early,  and  appeared  damages.    He  returned,  and  acted  at  the 
»>  a  speaking  Harlequin,  in  a  niece  called  English  Opera,  in  the  autumn  of  1823, 
Harlequin  Whitewashed ;  he  had  an  apo-  and  on  the  2oth  of  March  following  pro- 
logy  made  for  him,  •«  begging,  as  the  public  duced  his  Trip  to  America.    This,  and 
had  allowed  a  former  manager  to  present  bis  Jonathan  in  England,  acted  the  same 
the  Deri)  upon  Two  Sticks,  that  they  year  in  Mr.  Arnold's  regular  season,  be- 
would  excuse  the  appearance  of  a  Harle-  came  the  subject  of  much  ill-natured 
qnin  upon  one."    "The  exertion  proved  remark  here  and  across  the  Atlantic, 
injurious,  and  after  a  few  nights  he  was  Mr.  Mathews  published  an  exculpatory 
onableto  appear;  and  having  strained  upon  letter  in  the  •*  European  Magazine." 
the  broken  limb,  he  never  afterwards       When  Terry's  intellect  began  to  nuX 
recovered  the  use  of  that  leg.    At  bis  Yates  (who  owes  his  introduction  to  the 
benefit  he,  for  the  first  time,  gave,  between  stage  to  Mathews)  applied  to  him,  and 
the  play  and  farce,  his  Mail  Coach  Ad-  the  consequence  was,  the  name  of  Ma- 
ventures.     He  became  dissatisfied  with  thews,  instead  of  Terry,  appeared  as  joint- 
bis  managers,  and  in  1817  quitted  Covent-  manager  of  the  Adelphi  theatre.  They 
garden  theatre,  though  offered  double  hia  entered  into  a  partnership,  the  term  of 
former  salary.  wbichexpiredjustfivedaysafter  Mathews's 
On  the  2d  of  April  1818,  he  announced  death.    By  the  agreement,  when  either 
his  intention  of  giving,  at  the  English  of  tbem  acted,  be  received  10/.  There 
Opera-house,  a  monodramatic  entertain-  Mathews  subsequently  gave  his  entertain- 


ment, called  "  Mathews  at  Home,"  Mr.  ments ;  there  be  (in  the  dramatic 
Arnold  finding  the  house,  and  Mathews  performed.  Latterly,  a  coolness  arose 
furnishing  the  amusement.  Never,  per-  between  bim  and  Mr.  Yates,  and  he  de- 
haps,  did  a  project  of  such  a  nature  so  clined  acting  there  at  all. 


decidedly  succeed ;  night  after  night.  Last  year  Mr.  Mathews  undertook  a 

and  season  after  season,  the  theatre  was  second  trip  to  America,  accompanied  by 

thronged.    Nor  was  this  to  be  wondered  his  wife,  and  for  the  first  time  gave  his 

•t.    Whatever  merits  Mathews  possessed  •*  At  Home"  in  the  United  States.  He 

»«  an  actor  on  the  stage,  his  qualities  of  subsequently  acted  his  round  of  theatrical 

description,  imitation,  and  illustration,  off  characters,  and  was,  as  before,  received 

the  stage,  far  transcended  them;  in  the  with  the  greatest  applause.  Circuin- 

one  he  shared  the  talents  and  success  of  stances,  however,  induced  him  to  shorten 

many ;  in  the  other  he  stood  alone  and  his  stay  in  that  country,  and  he  returned 

unrivalled.    His  was  not  the  mere  mimic-  to  England.  He  became  ill  on  the  voyage, 

ry  of  voice  or  manner;  he  possessed  a  which  was  very  stormy  and  dangerous, 

peculiar  power  of  copying  the  minds  of  and  when  he  reached  Liverpool  his  weak- 

the  persons  be  imitated,  and  his  greatest  ness  was  such  that  he  was  unable  to  quit 

efforts  were  produced  by  imagining  con-  the  town  for  some  weeks.    He  then 

venations  between  men  which  bad  never  removed  to  the  house  of  a  friend,  near 

taken  place,  but  in  which  he  depicted  with  Daventry,  where  he  seemed  to  rally;  but 

a  master  band  their  minds,  their  cbarae-  it  was  deemed  advisable  as  speedily  as 

ters,  and  dispositions.  possible  to  remove  him  to  the  West  of 

This  power,  added  to  a  copious  store  England,  where,  in  spite  of  the  mildness 

of  anecdote,  the  quickest  possible  pcrcep-  of  the  air,  and  unremitting  attention, 

tion  of  the  ridiculous,  an  unequalled  talent  symptoms  of  a  fatal  disorder  exhibited 

for  tinging  comic  songs  of  a  species  which  themselves,  and  after  several  weeks  of 

he  himself  originated,  in  which  speaking  protracted  suffering,  he  expired ;  the  im- 

is  combined  with  singing,  and  his  gentle-  mediate  cause  of  his  death  being  water  on 

manly  manners,  naturally  rendered  him  a  the  chest. 

popular  member  of  private  society.  It  Mathews  has  been  frequently  mis- 
was  not  wotrderful,  therefore,  that  when  represented,  and  termed  a  mere  mimic ; 
the  public  were  permitted  to  participate  but,  in  fact,  so  far  from  his  characters 
in  the  gratification  which  bad  been  con-  being  individual  imitations,  they  were 
fined  to  his  personal  friends,  tbey  should  more  frequently  the  creatures  of  his  own 
eagrrly  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  conception,  though  true  to  nature  and 
*f  witnessing  an  exhibition  combining  all  consistent  in  themselves.    He  was,  on 


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2U,  Owtuabt.— Rev. 

tbe  stage,  what  Hogarth  was  on  canvass, 
a  moral  satirist ;  his  knowledge  of  human 
character  was  remarkable.  Though  his 
performances  professed  to  be  representa- 
tions of  manners  and  peculiarities,  they 
really  abounded  in  fine  analysationt  of 
character.  Nothing  could  exceed  the 
correctness  of  his  ear;  he  spoke  all  the 
dialects  of  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Wales, 
with  a  fidelity  perfectly  miraculous. 
He  would  discriminate  between  the  pro- 
nunciation of  tbedifferent  Ridings  of  York- 
shire,  and  speak  French  with  the  Parisian 
accent,  the  patois  of  the  South,  or  the 
guttural  tone  of  the  Flemish.  Several 
imitators  have  followed  his  footsteps,  but 
no  one  who  could  make  even  a  pretension 
to  rivalry  has  yet  appeared .  For  1 7  yea rs 
be,  by  bis  single  exertions,  delighted  all 
England— "alone  he  did  it." 

In  person,  Mathews  was  about  five  feet 
eleven  inches  in  height,  his  countenance 
was  pleasing  on  the  stage,  though  a  sin- 
gular twist  was  always  perceptible  about 
the  mouth,  and  seemed  the  latent  token  of 
his  irresistible  drollery.  His  action  was 
somewhat  impeded  by  a  lameness  in  the 
right  thigh,  which  arose  from  the  accident 
already  mentioned. 

Mr.  Mathews  enjoyed  the  friendship  of 
•  Sir  Walter  Scott  (by  whom  he  was  intro- 
duced to  Byron),  Moore,  Rogers,  and  other 
literati  of  his  day.  With  the  great  artistes 
of  other  countries  he  was  also  intimate, 
particularly  with  Talma  and  Potier.  He 
had  a  taste  for  the  fine  arts,  and  collected 
a  very  interesting  gallery  of  dramatic  por- 
traits, which  adorned  bis  residence  at 
Highgate,  and  were  exhibited  about  two 
years  ago  at  the  Queen's  Bazaar  in  Oxford 
Street.  (See  Gent.  Mag.  for  May  1833. ) 

He  did  all  in  bis  power  to  raise  the 
character  of  his  profession,  and  was,  with 
John  Kemble  and  Braham,  received  as  a 
guest  by  George  the  Fourth.  His  faults 
were  nervous  irritability  and  an  excessive 
love  of  approbation.  As  a  companion 
he  was  delightful,  as  a  friend  sincere,  and 
as  a  husband  and  father  exemplary.  His 
benevolence  prevented  bim  from  dying  a 
wealthy  man,  though,  Kean  alone  ex- 
cepted, he  made  more  money  than  any 
performer  of  his  time.  Tbe  number  of 
persons  who  tasted  of  his  unostentatious 
bounty  was  great.  Lee  Sugg,  who  had 
given  him,  when  a  boy,  two  or  three  les- 
sons in  ventriloquism,  said,  **to  meet 
Mathews  in  the  street  at  any  time,  was 
as  good  as  a  guinea  to  him."  To  the 
theatrical  funds  of  this  country  and  of 
America  he  was  a  generous  donor,  and 
was  equally  an  honour  to  his  art  and 
to  human  nature. 

On  tbe  3d  of  July  his  remains  were 
interred  in  the  western  vestibule  of  St. 


Thmoi  Harvey,        v  [Aug. 

Andrew's  church,  Plymouth.  A  large 
number  of  those  distinguished  for  rank, 
respectability,  and  intelligence,  attended 
the  funeral,  and  every  honour  was  paid  to 
his  memory  by  the  authorities.  In  the 
procession  were  the  Reverends  J.  Smith 
and  R.  Luney ;  Sir  George  Magrath, 
M.D. ;  J.  C.  Cook  worthy,  M.D. ;  Mr. 
W.  S.  Harris,  Surgeon,  as  conductors. 
The  pall-bearers  were  Capt.  Ross,  C.B. ; 
J.  Moore,  Esq.  mayor  of  Plymouth; 
Capt.  Hornby,  C.B. ;  Major  Syroons ; 
Major  Hervey  Smith  and  Col.  Hamilton 
Smith;  Mr.  Charles  Mathews  (only child 
of  thedeceased)  followed  as  chief  mourner, 
accompanied  by  H.  Gyles,  Esq.  and  Capt. 
Tin  combe,  R  N. ;  Messrs  Franklyn, 
Brady,  Jacobson,  and  Wightwick,  besides 
numerous  other  friends  and  admirers  of 
tbe  deceased;  and  tbe  procession  was 
closed  with  the  carriages  of  Major-Gen. 
Sir  Willoughby  "Cotton  and  Admiral  Sir 
William  Hargood. 

Mr.  Murray  has  announced  for  publi- 
cation **  The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Charles 
Mathews,  Esq.  Comedian,  begun  by 
Himself,  and  continued  by  his  Son." 

Mr.  Mathews's  Library  will  shortly  be 
sold  by  auction.  It  embraces  tbe  first 
four  editions  of  Shakspeare ;  many  rare 
4to  editions  of  the  early  dramutic  writers, 
and  the  best  editions  of  their  works  The 
collection  is  particularly  rich  in  theatrical 
tracts,  and  a  complete  series  of  tbe  Play 
Bills  of  Covent  Garden  and  Drury  Lane 
Theatres.  Tbe  Theatrical  Portraits  are 
most  extensive.  His  Garrickiana  con- 
tains every  print  that  was  published  of 
the  English  Roscius;  autograph  letters, 
documents,  &c.;  in  short,  all  be  could  col- 
lect illustrative  of  tbe  life  of  Garrick. 
Among  tbe  theatrical  relics  will  be  found 
the  original  Custolette,  made  of  Shuk- 
peare's  mulbery-tree,  presented  to  Garrick 
bv  the  inhabitants  of  Stratford-upon- 
Avon;  with  the  freedom  of  tbe  town, 
and  other  documents. 


Rev.  Thomas  Harvey. 

July  6.  in  his  seventy-eighth  year,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Harvey,  Lord  of  the  Manor, 
Patron,  and  Rector,  of  Cowden,  in  Kent. 
By  Amelia,  daughter  and  heir  of  Bache- 
lor, he  has  left  two  daughters,  married, 
the  elder  to  Sparke,  the  younger  to  Wood- 
gate  and  Streatfeild,  and  one  son,  who, 
we  believe,  distinguished  himself  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  to  whom  he  resigned  bis  pas- 
toral  charge  about  two  years  before  his 
death,when  be  pitched  his  tent  at  Reigate, 
in  Surrey,  where  he  died.  He  had  re- 
turned from  his  morning  drive,  and,  sen. 
sible  of  faintness,  went  to  lie  down.  As 
he  prepared  to  do  so,  be  said  composedly 


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1*35.]  Obituary.— Edward  Troughion,  E$q.  F.R.S.  21$ 

xJ^a^J?9^  AU  km7i  OS?  J"V5  f?  hi?. memory  5  •»*  »  lengthened  train 

died  suddenly,  and,  as  he  laid  his  head  of  undisaembling  mourners  followed  the 

upon  his  ,  illo vv,  desired  her  to  «  sbut,out  body  to  its  grave,  in  Cowden  churchyard 

the  light.-    She  did  so,  and,  in  a  few  on  the  13th.  7 

minutes,  be  bad  expired  without  a  strug-   

gleor  a  groan.  Edward  Trocghtok,  Esq.  F  R.S. 

The  academical  distinction  of  the  de-  June  12.    In  Fleet-street,  aged  eighty 

ceased  was  perhaps  confined  to  the  respect  one,  Edward  Troughton.  esq  FRS 

of  bis  great  contemporary  Mr   Pitt,  Lond.  and  Edin.  F.R.A.S.       the  era?-' 

evinced,  at  a  subsequent  period,  by  that  nent  mathematical  and  astronomical  in- 

mmtster's  prompt  appointment  of  a  rela-  strument  maker. 

tit*  to  a  lucrative  situation  upon  the  ap.  Mr.  Troughton  was  •  native  of  Curo- 

Pb?tnn  £b,B/*?  COl,T  fnend*  ,If  WJflS  At  thc        of  17  he  came  To 

probably  the  only  favour  be  ever  solicited ;  London,  and  was  instructed  by  an  elder 

lor  be  had  none  of  that  worldly  manage-  brother  in  the  rudiments  of  the  art  in 

merit  which  assuredly  contrives  to  mount  which  he  afterwards  so  greatly  excelled 

if  one  foot  be  wel  nlanted  upon  the  ladder  About  the  year  1780,  in  conjunction  with 

of  preferment.    He  was  characterued,  on  his  brother,  he  settled  in  Fleet  street  and 

tbe  contrary,  by  the  most  unassuming  sim-  at  that  early  period  of  his  life  bud'  the 

plimy;  and  this  little  memoir  has  to  re-  foundation  of  his  future  fame    His  in 

£**ter  no  dignities,  no  literary  labours,  but  vention  of  a  method  by  which  the  gradu 

■  life  devoted  to  the  exercise  of  benevo-  ation  of  instruments  of  the  largest  class 

lence  m  the  sphere  of  a  country  gentle-  could  be  effected  with  a  decree  of  ease 

man  and  a  parish  priest.    In  these  cha-  and  accuracy  unattainable  by  any  former 

meters  he  was  exemplary.  means,  and  the  construction  of  an  engine 

Lpon  the  passing  of  the  act  for  the  en-  (still  in  the  establisbmentof  his  successor) 

forcmg  of  residence,  he  sold  the  family  for  the  division  of  those  of  smaller  dimen- 

oi  Redleafe,  in  the  adjoining  parish  sions,  added  to  the  skill  and  care  em  plo  *  ed 

ot  1  enshurst,  and  settled  in  tbe  centre  of  in  their  arrangement  and  execution  gave 

his  little  tiot  k     From  that  moment  the  to  bis  works  a  superiority  that  was' early 

character  of  the  place  became  changed,  appreciated  by  those  whose  pursuits  re- 

1U  pruverbial  inaccessibility  was  obviated  quired  such  assistance.    His  method  of 

by  pood  roads,  its  tardy  advancement  in  original  graduation  was  disclosed  to  tbe 

civilization  by  good  neighbourhood.  Fond  public  through  the  medium  of  the  Royal 

ot,  and  familiar  with,  all  the  concerns  of  Society,  in  the  year  1809;  and  tbe  Copley 

runjl  life,  be  waa  as  competent,  as,  from  medal  was  awarded  to  him  by  that  learned 

m»  frankness  and  amenity,  he  was  ready,  body,  of  which  he  was  shortly  afterwards 

to  advise  and  to  assist  bis  neighbours,  elected  a  Fellow.   Of  tbe  Royal  Astro- 

*bo  watched  hia  rooming's  ride,  and  held  nomical  Society  be  was  an  original  mem- 

tbeir  consultations  at  everv  sheltered  turn.     ber.  siibspmimiflv  nnn  «f  »!..•  \/i  o  • 


ti  •         ,    .  »  - :  ,       ,  wmiy  uc  wus  an  original  mem- 

tbeir  consultations  at  every  sheltered  turn-  ber,  subsequently  one  of  the  Vice-Presi 

jng  of  a  lane,  until  he  was  compelled  by  dents;  and  to  tbe  close  of  his  lifj  felt  a 

bw  infirmities  to  forego  bis  favourite  seat  lively  interest  in  its  prosperity.    His  ce 

in  the  saddle     Frugality  was,  in  him,  tbe  lebrity  was  not  confined  to  his  native 

btndmaid  of  liberality;  for,  utterly  disre-  country,  for  about  tbe  year  1830  the  gold 

r*rding  fashionable  exDenses.  he  oossesspd  medul  nf 


— ~  r\  .  ««■.  m.^.c-  iwumrjr,  lor  aoouc  cne  year         the  gold 

gawmK  fashionable  expenses,  be  possessed  medal  of  science  was  presented  to  him  by 

•mple  means  not  only  to  enjoy  but  to  com-  its  illustrious  patron  the  King  of  Den- 

mumeate  tbe  comforts  of  life;  and  no  man  mark.  To  what  extentthe  present  state  of 

ever  sought  or  found  more  enjoyment  in  navigation,  geography,  and  astronomy  are 

tbe  communication.    A  kindly  office,  in  indebted  to  his  talents,  are  not  easilydeter- 

one  direction  or  another,  was  his  daily  mined  ;  but  there  has  not,  perhaps,  of  late 

J^ocHtion,  to  invest  tbe  little  savings  of  years  been  any  extensive  geodanical  opera 

tbe  labourer,  to  protect  tbe  interests  of  tion  undertaken  in  which  his  assistance 

w  fatherless  and  tbe  widow,  to  reconcile  has  not  been  solicited,  and  there  is  scarcely 

atfcrenrea,  to  administer  comfort,  to  pro-  an  observatory  in  the  world  of  any  nolo- 

jaote  improvements.    Anecdotes  might  riety  that  does  not  contain  some  monu 

oe  adduced  in  illustration  of  all  these ;  but  roent  of  his  genius,  either  executed  in  the 

•  testimony  of  greater  weight  than  our  establishment  of  which  he  was  once  the 

mbute  was  given  at  his  burial.    His  di-  head,  or  constructed  by  other  artists  in 

rections,  unless  perhaps  in  their  fastidi.  imitation  of  his  models.    For  some  years 

oiuness.  were  consistent  with  tbe  simpli-  he  has  been  gradually  withdrawing  him- 

wy  of  his  character,  and  prohibited  even  self  from  the  caret  and  fatigues  of  busi. 

u>«  slightest  funeral  pomp ;  but  the  rural  ness,  and  for  more  than  the  last  two  has 

population  of  the  neighbourhood  clamour-  had  no  other  interest  in  it  than  that  which 

w  «>r  permission  to  show  their  respect  he  would  naturally  feel  in  watching  the 


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2 1 6  Obituary.  —Professor  Marios.— Col.  W.  B.  Naynoe.  [Aug. 


■everal  works  that  are  constantly  in  pro- 
gress. His  manner  of  life  was  simple 
and  unostentatious;  be  was  not  free  from 
those  eccentricities  that  are  the  frequent 
accompaniments  of  genius.  His  charities 
were  extensive;  his  recreations  walking, 
angling,  and  reading,  in  the  latter  of  which 
be  spent  a  large  proportion  of  bis  time 
during  the  last  20  years  of  his  life.  He 
expired  after  a  gradual  decline  of  many 
months,  and  bis  remains  were,  at  his  own 
desire,  deposited  in  the  General  Cemetery, 
Kensall-green,  attended  by  many  of  those 
distinguished  men  whose  society  and 
friendship,  in  life,  he  esteemed  the  most 
valuable  part  of  his  reward. 

Proftssou  Mabtos. 

jipril  17.  At  the  advanced  age  of  more 
than  eighty  years,  Ivan  Petrovitch  Martos, 
formerly  director  of  the  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  St.  Petersburgb. 

It  is  not  only  comparatively,  with  re- 
ference to  other  native  artists  of  Russia, 
that  superior  ability  in  sculpture  is  to  be 
adjudged  to  Martos,  since,  so  far  from  re- 
quiring  to  be  criticised  with  indulgence, 
his  productions  will  bear  to  be  confronted 
with  those  of  his  most  distinguished  Eu- 
ropean contemporaries.  The  colossal 
group  in  bronze  of  Minin  and  Pozbarsky, 
at  Moscow ;  bis  monument  of  the  Em- 
peror Alexander  at  Taganrog;  of  the 
Duke  of  Richelieu,  at  Odessa ;  of  Lo- 
monosov,  at  Arkangel ;  and  of  Potemkin, 
at  Cherson;  besides  a  great  number  of 
other  works,  have  excited  the  admiration 
of  intelligent  foreigners  as  well  of  Rus- 
sians, and  sufficiently  attest  his  extraordi- 
nary abilities.  44  His  intelligent  study  and 
imitation  of  antique  models,"  observes  a 
foreign  writer,  *•  enabled  him  to  acquire 
such  mastery  of  style,  that  some  of  his 
works  are  distinguished  by  a  very  high 
degree  of  esthetic  beauty.  He  has.  in- 
deed, less  fire  of  imagination  than  Koz- 
lovsky,  but  his  works  satisfy  us  better 
after  a  critical  examination.  Rarely,  it 
must  be  confessed,  do  the  creations  of 
Martos  strike  very  powerfully  at  the  first 
glance,  but  the  longer  we  dwell  upon 
them  the  more  do  they  fix  our  attention. 
They  do  not  exhibit  that  delicacy  and  re- 
finement which  captivate  us  in  those  of 
Cenova ;  yet  they  are  also  free  from  that 
mannerism  and  affectation,  which  stamp 
the  latter.  Simple  dignity  isone  great  cha- 
racteristic of  Martos'  figures;  and  his  ex- 
ecution manifests  a  careful  adherence  to 
nature.  In  bis  drapery  be  is  even  supe- 
rior to  Cenova ;  and  in  subjects  of  bas- 
relief  may  be  pronounced  superior  to 
almost  any  one  now  living.  Among  his 
works  of  the  last-mentioned  class,  may 
be  mentioned  those.in  the  imperial  gar- 
14 


dens  at  Pavlovsky,  especially  that  which 
decorates  a  cenotaph  erected  to  tbe  me- 
mory of  the  Grand-Ducheas  Helene. 
Few  things  in  modern  sculpture  can  com- 
pare, for  classical  taste,  with  tbe  figure  of 
Hymen  extinguishing  his  torch ;  and 
hardly  less  admirable  is  the  bas-relief  on 
tbe  monument  of  tbe  Emperor  Paul.** 

Notwithstanding  bis  very  advanced  age, 
Martos  continued  his  labours  nearly  to 
the  last. 

Col.  W.  B.  Naynoe. 
July  13.  At  Carnanton,  Cornwall,  the 
seat  of  Humphrey  Will  yams,  esq.  his 
son-in-law,  Colonel  William  Brydges 
Naynoe,  of  Castle  Naynoe,  co.  Sligo, 
Ireland. 

He  entered  tbe  army  as  Ensign  in  the 
39th  foot  in  1792,  was  appointed  Lieute- 
nant in  1793,  Capt.-Lieut.  in  34tb  regt. 
1794,  Captain  1795,  Major  in  the  27th 
1804,  and  Lieut.- Col.  1811.  Under  hie 
command  that  gallant  corps  distinguished 
itself,  in  its  various  services  in  America, 
in  the  West  Indies,  and  at  Waterloo. 
He  also  served  on  the  staff  as  Aid. de- 
Camp  to  Lt.-Gen.  Dalrymple,  and  as 
Brigade-Major  to  Lt-  Gen.  Sir  W.Payne. 

After  an  active  military  career  of  up- 
ards  of  forty  vears,  be  retired  to  his  own 
estates  in  Ireland,  in  order  to  give  tbe 
people  of  thiit  country  the  advantage  of 
his  residence  amongst  them ;  but  bis  con- 
stitution, already  worn  out  in  the  service 
of  his  country,  counteracted  tbe  fulfilment 
of  his  patriotic  purpose,  and  at  sixty-five 
he  closed  a  life  wholly  dedicated  to  the 
good  of  others. 

As  a  soldier,  he  was  noble,  generous* 
and  brave ;  as  a  citizen,  benevolent,  loyal, 
and  just.  In  him,  England  has  lost  a 
faithful  subject  ;  Ireland  a  most  zealous 
benefactor ;  society  at  large  an  intelligent, 
active,  and  valuable  member ;  and  his  own 
family  a  most  kind  and  affectionate 
parent  and  friend. 


Joseph  Todd,  Esq. 

June  11.  In  Lancaster-place,  aged 
68,  Joseph  Todd,  esq.  late  of  Fore-street. 

Tbe  history  of  this  popular  and  cele- 
brated commercial  man  is  an  example  how 
occasionally  unlooked-for  circumstances 
may,  in  tbe  short  space  of  human  life,  by 
a  steady  straightforward  course  of  indus- 
try, be  the  forerunner  of  incalculable 
wealth.  Tbe  deceased  commenced  busi- 
ness with  small  means  as  a  haberdasher 
and  silk- mercer  in  tbe  year  1793.  By 
indefatigable  perseverance  and  well-organ- 
ized arrangements  in  all  bis  operations 
and  transactions  with  tradesmen  and  mer- 
chants with  whom  he  had  to  deal,  com- 
bined with  his  friendly  and  liberal  conduct 


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1835.] 


Obituary.—- Clergy  Deemed. 


217 


towards  all  persons  in  his  establishment, 
insuring  tbeir  willing  and  unremitting 
exertions,  he  was  enabled  to  retire  from 
business  in  1822,  with  the  princely  fortune 
of  nearly  one  million  sterling.  He  was 
married  twice.  By  his  first  partner  he 
bad  a  son  and  daughter :  the  latter  mar- 
ried James  Morrison,  Esq.  now  M.P.  for 
Ipswich.  Mr.  Todd,  by  his  second  wife, 
had  three  children,  two  sons  and  one 
daughter,  all  of  whom  had  been  long  set- 
tled in  life  before  bis  decease,  with  large 
fortunes.  His  remains  were  interred  in 
the  family  vault,  Cripplegate  church, 
attended  by  numerous  friends. 


Dr.  Pughk. 
June  4.    In  his  76th  year,  at  Dolydd- 
y-cau,  TalyUyn,  near  Dolgelly,  Dr.  Owen 
Pughe,  the  celebrated  Welsh  Lexicogra- 
pher. 

Dr.  Pugbe  was  denominated  the  John, 
son  of  Wales,  for  he  published  a  most 
elaborate  Welsh  and  English  Dictionary, 
with  an  excellent  Grammar;  he  was  also 
the  author  of  the  "  Cambrian  Biography," 
s  most  useful  and  classical  work.  He 
translated  Milton's  M  Paradise  Lost"  into 
tbe  ancient  British  language,  and  he  has 
been  for  years  preparing  for  the  press, 
"The  Ancient  Romances  of  Britain." 
Dr.  Pughe  assisted  the  patriotic  Owen 
Jones  in  collecting  and  publishing  the 

*  Archeology  of  Wales,"  in  three  volumes, 
quarto;  and  be  was  conductor  of  the 

*  Cambrian  Register."  His  bardic  name 
was  Idrison,  from  tbe  celebrated  moun- 
tain called  Cader  Idris,  near  Dolgelly,  at 
tbe  foot  of  which  he  breathed  his  first  and 
last  He  was  a  most  amiable  man ;  gentle, 
unassuming,  and  modest, ever  ready  to  en- 
courage rising  genius,  and  to  impart  infor- 
mation from  his  rich  stores  of  literary  lore. 


Clergy  Deceased. 

At  Hartforth,  near  Richmond,  York- 
shire, aged  75,  the  Rev.  John  Atkinson. 
He  was  interred  at  Barton,  where  he  had 
officiated  as  minister  for  49  years. 

In  his  88th  year,  the  Rev.  George  Al- 
itrson,  for  47  years  Rector,  and  for  66 
officiating  minister,  of  Birkin,  Yorkshire. 

At  Emmanuel  lodge,  Cambridge,  aged 
76,  tbe  Rev.  Robert  Towcrson  Cory,  D  D. 
Master  of  Emmanuel  college.  He  gra- 
duated B.A.  1780  as  fifth  Wrangler, 
M.A.  1783,  B.D.  1790,  and  D.D.  per 
bt.  reg.  1798.  He  was  elected  Master  in 
1797,  and  Professor  of  Moral  Theology 
in  1809,  which  chair  be  held  until  JS13. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Davit  Corry,  Curate 
of  Holly  Wood,  co.  Down. 

Murdered  at  Ballincarrig,  nine  miles 

OKirr.  Mao.  Vox.  IV. 


from  Limerick,  the  Rev.  Charles  Dawfon, 
brother-in-law  to  Mountiford  Westropp, 
esq.  of  Melon.  This  murder  had  not, 
like  others  of  protestant  clergymen  in 
Ireland,  any  connection  with  the  tithe 
system.  Mr.  Dawson  was  a  landlord  as 
well  as  a  clergyman,  and  it  was  an  at- 
tempt on  his  part  to  get  possession  of  his 
property,  in  order  to  reside  upon  it,  that 
led  to  his  assassination. 

Aged  59,  the  Rev.  George  Dobton,  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Brinkburn,  and  Curate 
of  Felton,  Northumberland.  He  was  of 
Peterhouse,  Camb  B.A.  1801. 

Aged  68,  the  Rev.  Levi*  Evans,  Vicar 
of  Llanfihangel-Genewr-Glyn  and  Llan- 
fihangel-Oieddyn,  and  Rural  Dean  of 
Upper  Ultra-Aeron,  diocese  of  Sr. 
David's. 

At  the  Bull  inn,  Cambridge,  of  apo- 
plexy, the  Rev.  John  Gresham,  Fellow  of 
Catharine  hall,  and  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Barnby  Don,  Yorkshire,  to  which  he 
was  presented  bv  his  own  family.  He 
graduated  B.A.  1788  as  10th  Senior  Op- 
time,  M.A.  1791. 

At  an  inn  in  Limerick,  of  apoplexy, 
the  Rev.  J.  P.  Griffith,  of  Roscrea. 

Aged  28,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Hackett, 
Curate  of  Boyle. 

At  A shton-upon.  Mersey,  Cheshire, 
aged  85,  the  Rev.  Richard  Ponptrwell 
Johnson,  for  61  years  Rector  of  tnat  pa- 
rish. He  was  of  St.  John's  coll.  Camb. 
B.A.  1772;  and  was  presented  to  bis 
living  by  his  family. 

At  Brooke  House,  Monmouthshire, 
aged  43,  the  Rev.  Watkin  Morgan. 

Aged  84,  the  Rev.  George  Pritcheit, 
Vicar  of  Math  on,  Worcestershire,  to 
which  be  was  presented  in  1794  by  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westminster. 

At  Sutton  Valence,  Kent,  aged  32, 
the  Rev.  John  R*gg,  Master  of  the 
Grammar-school  there,  and  Curate  of 
Leeds.  He  was  B.A.  of  St.  John's 
college,  Camb. 

The  Rev.  John  Stewart,  Rector  of 
Little  Hallingbury,  Essex.  He  was  for- 
merly Second  Master  of  the  Charter 
House,  and  was  presented  by  the  Go- 
vernors of  that  institution  to  Little  Hal- 
lingbury in  1812. 

Aged  56,  the  Rev.  Henry  Thomson,  late 
Curate  of  Hastingleigh  and  El  mated, 
Kent. 

At  Headington,  Oxfordshire,  aged  57, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Whortcood,  Rector  of 
that  parish,  and  Vicar  of  Marston.  Ho 
was  of  Worcester  college.  M.A.  1802, 
and  was  presented  to  bis  livings  in  1804 
and  1805  Dy  his  family.  He  survived  his 
twin -brother,  the  late  Capt.  Whorwood, 
R.N.  (see  p.  101)  scarcely  three  weeks. 


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216 


Obituahy. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Aug. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

April  22.  At  Chelsea,  Ensign  Lawson, 
3d  Royal  Vet.  Batt. 

May  13.  In  Munster-Btreet,  Regent's 
park,  aged  53,  Major  Phineas  M  Therson. 
He  was  appointed  Lieut.  47  tb  foot  1794, 
exchanged  to  42d  1803,  Capt.  35th  foot 
1805,  brevet  Major  1819. 

May  28.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  63, 
Mrs.  Scott,  mother  of  George  Scott,  esq. 
of  Ravenscourt. 

June  7.  Aged  53,  Charles  Beamish, 
esq.  late  of  the  Navy  Pay-office,  leaving  a 
wife  and  9  children. 

June  9.  At  Cornwall-terrace,  Regent's 
park,  David  Carruthers,  esq.  M.P.  for 
Hull.  He  was  returned  for  the  first  time 
at  the  late  election,  on  the  Conservative 
interest,  by  a  majority  of  466  over  M.  D. 
Hill,  esq.  having  been  an  unsuccessful 
candidate,  in  a  minority  of  242  to  that 
gentleman,  at  the  election  of  1832. 

June  10.  At  Kcunington,  aged  85, 
Mary,  widow  of  Thomas  Netherton,  esq. 
of  his  Majesty's  Dockyards,  Deptford  and 
PI  \  mouth. 

June  11.  At  Woolwich,  aged  59,  Col. 
Sir  Augustus  S.  Frazer,  K.C.B.  Director  of 
the  Royal  Laboratory.  He  was  appointed 
First  Lt.  R.  A.  1794,  Captain  1803,  brevet 
Major  1811,  Lieut.-Col.  1813,  in  R.  Art. 
1814,  and  Colonel  1825.  He  served  in 
the  Peninsula,  received  a  cross  and  one 
clasp  on  account  of  the  battles  of  Vittoria, 
Nivelle,  Nive,  and  Toulouse,  and  com- 
manded the  Artillery  at  the  seige  of  St. 
Sebastian.  He  was  nominated  K.C.B.  at 
the  augmentation  of  the  Order  in  1815. 
and  the  same  year  was  at  Waterloo. 

June  14.  At  Grove-end  road,  Re- 
gent's-park,  Alfred  Phillips,  esq.  of  South- 
street,  Finsbury. 

June  15.  Aged  83,  Edmund  Griffith, 
esq.  many  years  magistrate  at  the  Mary- 
lebone  Police  Office,  London,  and  for- 
merly steward  of  the  Tolzey  Court  in 
.  Bristol. 

June  16.  After  a  lingering  illness,  aged 
60,  her  Grace  Caroline-Elizabeth  Duchess 
of  Argyll.  She  was  the  third  daughter  of 
George  4th  Earl  of  Jersey,  by  Frances, 
dau.  of  the  Rt  Rev.  Philip  Twysden,  Bp. 
of  Raphoe  ;  was  first  married  in  1795  to 
Henry-William  the  present  Marquis  of 
Anglesey,  which  marriage  was  dissolved 
by  the  Scotch  Courts  in  1810,  and  se- 
condly in  the  latter  year  to  George  Wil- 
liam Duke  of  Argyll.  By  her  first  marriage 
she  had  issue  the  Duchess  of  Richmond, 
the  Earl  of  Uxbridge,  the  Marchioness 
of  Cooyngham,  Lady  Crof ton,  Lady  Tern- 
pk;more>  Lord  William  Paget,  Lady  Agnes 
Brag,  and  Lord  Arthur  Paget.    The  last 


died  in  1825  ;  the  others  all  survive  her. 
By  the  Duke  of  Argyll  her  Grace  had  no 
issue.  Her  body  was  interred  in  the  ce- 
metery of  Kensall  Green. 

June  17.  At  the  Mansion- house,  in  bis 
16th  year,  Mr.  John  Winchester,  the 
youngest  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  London. 

June  18.  At  Clapham  Common,  aged 
89,  Mrs.  Mary  Milward. 

June  20.  In  Maddox-strcet,  aged  31, 
Capt  George  Williamson,  late  of  19th 
foot,  of  Clarendon-place,  Maida-vale. 

June  22.  In  Queen  sq.  Bloomsbury, 
aged  79,  Mary,  wife  of  William  Pulley,  esq. 

June  23.  In  Great  Ormond-st.  aged 
53,  Edward  Francis,  esq.  of  Gracechurch- 
st.  and  Walthain-abbey,  Essex. 

June  24.  In  Nelson-square,  aged  72, 
John  Lloyd,  esq.  who  has  contributed  much 
to  the  different  institutions  of  religious 
charity  under  the  signature  of  4  L.'  and 
has  now  left  the  following  bequests:— 
Home  Missionary  Society  4,000/.  Loudon 
Missionary  Society  4,000/.  Religious  Tract 
Society  3,000/.  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society  3 ,000/.  Southwark  Sunday  Schools 
1 ,000/.  Surrey  Benevolent  Society  1 ,000/. 
London  Hibernian  Society  500/.  Christ 
Church  Sunday  Schools  500/. 

June  28.  Aged  39,  Georgiana- Caroline, 
wife  of  Sir  Jacob  Astley,  Bart.  M.P.  This 
unhappy  person  was  daugh.  of  Sir  Henry 
Dashwood,  Bart,  and  sister  to  the  Mar- 
chioness of  Ely.  She  was  married  in 
1819  to  Sir  Jacob  Astley,  Bart,  who  was 
about  her  equal  in  years,  and  became 
the  mother  of  two  sons.  About  nine 
years  ago  she  became  acquainted  with  the 
well-known  Captain  Garth,  and  an  inti- 
macy ensued,  which  terminated  in  her 
elopement  with  him.  Since  that  period 
they  have  endured  various  vicissitudes  of 
fortune,  until  at  length  Captain  Garth  was 
imprisoned  in  the  King's  Bench,  where 
Lady  Astley  has  also  lived,  until  the  scarlet 
fever  has  suddenly  put  an  end  to  her  suf- 
ferings. 

In  Gower-street,  aged  83,  Wm.  Beckett, 
esq  a  magistrate  for  Middlesex  and  West- 
minster. 

June  30.  In  Cadogan -place,  aged  79, 
Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  Henry  Bell,  K.C.B.  for- 
.  merly  resident  Commandant  of  the  Royal 
Marine  Corps  in  London.  He  was  ap- 
pointed 2d  Lieut.  R.M.  1771,  Capt. -Lieut. 
1779,  Major  in  the  army  1794.  Lt.-Col. 
1798,  in  R.M.  1803,  Colonel  in  the 
army  1805,  Colonel-Commandant  R.M. 
1809,  Major-Gen.  1811,  K.C.B.  1815, 
and  Lieut. -Gen.  1819. 

Lately. — At  the  Royal  Arsenal,  Wool- 
wich,  aged  63,  Col.  Charles  Cox  Bingham, 
Fire  master  in  the  Laboratory.  He  was 
half-brother  to  the  late  Msjor-Gen.  Sir 


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1835.] 


Obituary. 


George  Ridout  Bingham,  (of  whom  a  me- 
moir in  oar  Magazine  for  March  1833,) 
being  the  third  son  of  Richard  Bingham, 
of  Melcomb,  co.  Dorset,  esq.  by  his  first 
wife  Sophia,  dau.  of  Charles  Halsey,  esq. 
of  Great  Gaddesden,  Herts.  He  was  ap- 
pointed First  Lieut  1794,  Capt.-Lieut. 
1798,  Capt.  1803,  brevet  Major  1810, 
in  R.  Art.  1818,  Lieut. -Col.  1814,  Colonel 
1825. 

July  1 .  At  his  residence,  Little  Moor- 
fields,  aged  75,  Mr.  T.  Smith,  many  years 
sword-bearer  to  the  city  of  London  ;  and 
formerly  a  Clerk  in  the  Chamberlain's 
Office. 

Aged  23,  Count  Oberg,  Equerry  to  the 
King  of  Hanover,  only  son  of  Baron 
Oberg  of  Hanover.  At  an  early  hour  he 
repaired  to  Palace-yard  Stairs,  and  hired  a 
waterman,  for  the  purpose  of  bathing,  but 
h.vi  not  been  in  the  Thames  more  than 
five  minutes  when  he  swam  back  to  the 
boat,  and  took  from  under  the  cushion  a 
email  phial,  which  he  put  to  bis  mouth 
and  swallowed  the  contents ;  again  plunged 
into  the  river,  and  swam  about  for  a  short 
time,  until  at  length  the  waterman's  sus- 
picions were  excited  by  observing  the  gen- 
tleman sinking.  He  immediately  rowed 
towards  him,  and  succeeded  in  dragging 
him  into  the  boat.  Mr.  M'Cann,  of  Par- 
liament-street, sent  his  assistant  home 
with  the  gentleman,  but  they  had  no  sooner 
arrived  at  his  lodging?*  than  he  made  an 
excuse  to  get  rid  of  the  attendant  by  tell- 
ing him  to  send  his  master.  Immediately, 
however,  on  being  left  alone,  the  deceased, 
it  is  supposed,  took  a  small  but  sharp  dag- 
ger, and,  placing  himself  before  the  glass, 
twice  stabbed  bimself  in  the  left  breast, 
with  a  desperate  force,  the  dagger  each 
time  penetrating  the  body  up  to  the  handle. 
The  Jury  returned  a  verdict  of  "  Tem- 
porary derangement,' '  and  the  remains  of 
the  deceased  were  conveyed  to  the  Lu- 
theran Chapel,  Savoy,  for  interment. 

A'y  2.  In  Piccadilly,  aged  80,  the  Hon. 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Sir  Drummond  Smith, 
Bart.  She  was  the  eldest  daughter  of 
William  2d  Viscount  Galway,  by  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  of  Joseph  da  Costa  Villa  Real, 
esq.  was  married  first  in  1774  to  Sir  Fran- 
cis Sykes,  the  first  Bart,  of  Basildon,  co. 
Berks,  whose  second  wife  she  was,  and  by 
whom  she  was  mother  of  Elizabeth,  the 
■ife  of  R.  Benyon  de  Beauvoir,  esq.  Sir 
Francis  died  in  1 804,  and  in  1 805  she  be- 
cune  the  second  wife  of  Sir  D.  Smith, 
the  first  Bart,  of  Tring  Park,  co.  Herts, 
who  died  in  1816  without  issue. 

July  3,  At  Camberwell,  aged  81, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Von  der  Heyde,  widow  of 
John  Von  der  Heyde,  of-Bermondsey. 

Louisa,  sister  of  John  Fenwell,  esq. 
Commander  R.N. 


July  4.  At  Hammersmith,  the  wire  of 
J.  Kean,  esq. 

July  6.  At  Brompton,  aged  79,  P. 
Hart,  esq. 

July  11.  Aged  32,  Eugene  Nugent, 
esq.  He  was  for  some  years  connected 
with  the  daily  press,  and  a  contributor  to 
Taylor  and  Hessey's  London  Magazine* 
the  New  Monthly,  Lardner's  Cyclopaedia, 
and  the  works  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffu- 
sion of  Useful  Knowledge. 

July  12.  At  Kentish -town,  aged  69, 
Lucy,  the  widow  of  John  Brettell,  esq. 

July  15.  At  Russell-square,  aged  73, 
Charles  de  Constant,  esq.  of  Geneva. 

July  18.  At  Lambeth -green,  aged  77, 
George  Mathias  Turner,  esq.  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

July  18.  In  Parliament-street,  James 
Ferguson. 

Bkos  — July  13.  At  Dunstable, 
Thomas  Burr,  esq.  an  eminent  brewer. 

Berks. — Lately.  At  Buckland,  ageJ 
85,  T.  Kitching,  esq. 

Cams.— May  9.  Aged  54,  Colonel 
Castle,  of  Thorney  Fen. 

May  19.  At  Wisbech,  E.  J.  Pen- 
ning, esq.  collector  of  the  customs  of  that 
port. 

May  25.  Aged  22,  John  Barham 
Grimshawe,  student  of  Trinity  college, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Grimshawe,  of 
Biddenham,  near  Bedford. 

June  24.  Aged  45,  Mr.  John  Wing, 
solicitor,  and  town-clerk  of  Wisbech, 
leaving  eight  children. 

July  13.  Drowned,  together  with  a 
fisherman,  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat, 
aged  18,  Henry-Spelman,  only  son  of 
Capt.  Swaine,  R.N.  of  Wisbech. 

Cheshire. — May  4.  At  Over,  Lieut 
Valentine  Stone,  R.N. 

July  9.    At  Peover-hall,  in  ber  30th 

J ear,  Sophia-Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir 
[.  Main  waring,  Bart,  and  niece  to  Vis- 
count Combe  rmere. 

Corn.— At  Fowey,   aged  47,  Capt.* 
Thomas  Mein,  R.A. 

June  26.  At  Saltash,  aged  75,  Edmond 
Nepean,  esq.  a  retired  Commander  R.N. 
(1816.) 

Cumb. — June\S.  Aged  18,  the  youngest 
son  of  the  Rev  J.  Lynn,  Vicar  of  Cros- 
thwaite,  bathing  in  the  river  Derwent. 

Derby. — June  6.  At  the  vicarage, 
Chesterfield,  aged  40,  Mary-Eliz.  wife  of 
the  Rev.  T.  Hill,  B.D. 

Devon.— April  7.  At  Torquay,  aged 
67,  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Alderman  SirB. 
Turner,  Major  of  the  Artillery  Com- 
pany . 

April  14.  At  Devonport,  Miss  Louisa  . 
Caroline  Grace,  sister  of  SirWilliam  Grace, 
Bart. 

'April  21.    At  Heavittee.  Sarah,  relief  • 


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220  Obitu 

- 

of  Richard  Brickenden,  e»q.  of  Malshan- 
ger,  Hants. 

May  22.  Aged  75,  Arabella,  wife  of 
Ralph  Dorville  Woodforde,  esq.  She  was 
the  fifth  dau.  of  James  Montagu,  esq.  of 
Lackham  House,  Wilts,  and  of  Alderton, 
Gloucester,  and  grand- daughter  of  Sir 
Charles  Hodges,  Secretary  of  State  to 
Queen  Anne. 

June  14.  At  Dartington  Parsonage, 
the  wife  of  T.  Story  Spedding,  esq.  of 
Mi  rehouse,  Cumberland,  and  dau.  of  the 
Rev  Archdeacon  Froude. 

Aged  67,  Jas.  Paddon,  esq.  for  many 
years  organist  of  Exeter  Cathedral. 

June  15.  At  Sadborough-house, 
Thorncombe,  at  an  advanced  age,  Char- 
lotte, wife  of  John  Bragge,  esq. 

June  16.  At  Torquay,  Cath-Eliz. 
only  dau.  of  the  late  R.  Augustus  Hyud- 
man,  of  Demerara. 

June  20.  At  Bishopsteignton,  in  her 
82d  year,  Frances,  dau.  of  the  Very  Rev. 
W.  Cooke,  D.D.  Dean  of  Ely,  and  sister 
to  the  late  Edw.  Cooke,  esq.  Under-Se- 
cretary of  State  in  the  Foreign  Department 

June  25.  At  Ilfracombe,  aged  75,  N. 
Vye,  esq. 

July  6.  At  Loosely,  near  Plymouth, 
the  wife  of  Capt.  Pym,  R.N.  only  dau.  of 
Edmund  Lockyer,  esq.  of  Plymouth. 

Lately.  At  Haslar  hospital,  in  his 
45th  year,  Capt.  G.  Strangways,  R.N. 

At  Falmouth,  Mr.  R.  Michell,  Purser 
RN. 

At  Newport,  aged  70,  Commander  J. 
Lawrence,  R.N. 

At  Stonehouse,  Devon,  Commander 
Root.  Andoe,  R.N.  (1821  ) 

At  Sidmouth,  aged  74,  retired  Rear- 
Adm.  George  White,  (post  Capt,  1799.) 

June  11.  Aged  81,  Dorothy,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Rackett,  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
F.L.S.  Rector  of  Spettisbury.  She  was 
the  second  daughter  of  the  Rev.  James 
Tattersall,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Co- 
vent  Garden,  by  his  first  wife  Dorothy, 
sister  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  de  Chair. 

Dorset. — May  25.  At  Moors  Cot- 
tage, Elizabeth-Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
R.  Ness,  D.D.  Rector  of  West  Parley, 
and  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Derby,  Vicar  of  Ellingham,  Hants. 

June  15.  Aged  28,  Harriet,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Evan  Davis,  B.  A.  Rector  of  All 
Saints,  Dorchester,  youngest  dau.  of  W. 
Oakley,  e9q.  Alderman  of  Weymouth. 

Essf.x — May  6.  At  Lough  ton,  aged 
63,  Sarah,  widow  of  John  Davison,  esq. 
formerlv  of  the  East  India  House. 

June  20.  Eleanor-Mira-Louisa,  se- 
cond dau.  of  J.  Thorp,  esq.  of  Waltham- 
stow,  aged  8  ;  and  on  the  22d,  Mary- 
Jane,  his  third  daughter,  aged  6  ;  and  on 
the  24th,  Sophia,  his  fourth  dau.  aged  4. 


kRY.  [Aug. 

June  S3.  At  Sible  Hedingham,  aged 
76,  Elizabeth  Ingle,  sister  of  the  late 
William  Finch  Finch,  esq.  of  Little  Suel- 
ford,  Camb. 

Glou. — AprilW  At  Bristol  Hot-wells, 
aged  48,  John  Roberts,  esq.  son  of  the 
late  Col.  Chas.  West  Roberts,  of  Taunton, 
and  nephew  to  the  late  Gen.  John  Roberts, 
M.P. 

May  28.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  76, 
James  Jopp,  esq.  of  Pulteney- street, 
Bath,  and  formerly  of  WTinkton-house, 
Hants. 

June  10.  Maria-Margaretta,  third 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  T.  New,  R.N.  She 
was  to  have  been  married  on  that  day  to 
the  Rev  G.  A.  Butterton,  head  master  of 
the  West  Riding  Proprietary  School,  and 
late  of  Bristol. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  73,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Roger  Montgomery,  esq.  of  Har- 
rington-house, Wilts.  She  was  the  last  sur- 
vivor of  the  Frekes,  of  Shroton  and  Wyke, 
Dorset,  and  of  Harrington,  Wilts.  Mr, 
Montgomery  claimed  a  title  to  the  Earl- 
dom of  Mount  Alexander,  but,  having  no 
family,  did  not  pursue  it. 

June  16.  Aged  84,  Mrs.  Mary  Darner 
Fownes,  of  Bristol. 

June  18.  At  Bristol  Hotwells,  W.  H. 
Gilby,  M.D.  aged  42. 

In  Clifton,  aged  48,  James  D.  May- 
cock,  M.D. 

July  23.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  58,  J. 
Hilton,  esq.  of  Sible  Hedingham,  Essex;. 

July  12.  At  Willersey,  Mary,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  W.  Mould,  Rector  of  Colla- 
comb,  Devon. 

July  14.  At  Clifton,  Caroline,  wife  of 
Lewis  P.  Madden,  esq.  M.C.  for  Clifton 
and  Tunbridge- Wells. 

Lately.  At  the  Spa,  near  Gloucester, 
Miss  Helen  Mackenzie  Fraser,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Mackenzie  Fraser. 

At  Harcott- house,  near  Cirencester, 
aged  61,  Mrs.  Clarke,  youngest  and  only 
surviving  daughter  of  L.  Lovesey,  esq.  of 
Ruscot-park. 

At  Cheltenham,  Juliana- Charlotte,  re- 
lict of  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Wade,  senior 
chaplain  at  Bombay. 

At  Cheltenham,  in  his  72d  year,  CoL 
Thomas  Penson,  of  the  Bengal  Military 
Establishment. 

At  Cheltenham,  Richard  Gibbon,  esq. 
late  Superintending  Surgeon  of  the  Ma- 
dras Medical  Establishment. 

At  Upton  St.  Leonard,  aged  63,  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Cooke,  niece  to  the  late  Sir 
John  Barland,  a  Baron  of  the  Exche- 
quer. 

Hants.— May  11.  At  Carisbrook, 
aged  52,  Captain  Charles  Blomer,  h.  p. 
36th  regiment. 

June  27*   At  Portsmouth,  aged  77. 


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1835.] 


Obituary 


221 


William  Spencer,  esq.  37  year*  Ordnance 
store -keeper  at  that  place. 

June  28.  At  Stratton  Parsonage, 
Frances  Georgiana  Dallas,  daughter  of  the 
late  Robert  Charles  Dallas,  esq.  of  Ja- 
maica, and  Ste.  Adresse,  in  Normandy. 

July  2.  At  Mais  hanger-house,  near 
Basingstoke,  aged  73,  Col.  Pennington, 
many  years  Commander  of  the  East  In- 
dia  Company's  Horse  Artillery  in  India. 

Lately.  At  Braish field,  near  Romsey, 
aged  5 1 ,  Caroline,  wife  of  Rear- Adm.  Hill. 

Herts. — July  15.  At  Hemel  Hemp- 
sted,  aged  64,  Mrs.  Mary  Greene,  sister  of 
the  late  Henry  Greene,  esq.  of  Gaddesden- 
house. 

Huntingdon. — May  16.  At  Bramp- 
ton, in  the  7 1st  year  of  her  age,  Henrietta, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Hoi  worthy,  Vi- 
car of  Bourne,  Cambridgeshire. 

Kent — May  21 .  At  Tunbridge  Wells, 
Mary,  wife  of  Captain  R.  H.  King,  R.N. 

Jane  16.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged 
75,  Rachel,  relict  of  Richard  Slater 
Milnes,  esq.  of  Fryston,  Yorkshire. 

June  17.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged 
75,  Margaret,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Lips- 
comb, brother  to  the  Bp.,  of  Jamaica. 

Leicester.—  June  14.  Cecil  Tufton 
Phelp,  esq.  Lieut.  R.N.  second  son  of  the 
late  Col.  Phelp,  of  Coston. 

July  12.  In  Walcot  Poor-house,  Mar- 
garet Robinson,  a  pauper,  aged  107  years, 
the  last  10  of  which  she  had  spent  in  the 
above  asylum.  Her  faculties  and  senses 
were  unimpaired  to  the  last.  She  was  a 
native  of  the  north  of  Scotland. 

Middlesex. — June  16.  Aged  51, 
William  Conant,  esq.  of  Twickenham,  2d 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Nathaniel  Conant. 

June  22.  At  Tottenham,  aged  73,  J. 
Crutchley,  esq. 

Monmouth. — June  27.  At  Newport, 
aged  60,  Ann,  wife  of  John  Williams,  esq. 
Alderman  for  that  borough. 

July  6.  At  Chepstow,  Mark  Willett, 
esq.  surgeon,  author  of  the  Bristol  Tide 
Tables,  Stranger  in  Monmouthshire,  Sec. 

Norfolk. — May  17.  Aged  76,  George 
Cubitt,  esq.  of  Catfield. 

July  15.  In  his  88th  year,  Thomas 
Smyth,  esq.  of  East  Dereham. 

Northampton. — June  21 .  At  Then- 
ford,  the  seat  of  Samuel  Amy  Severne, 
esq.  aged  89,  Mrs.  Barbara  Ingram. 

July  4.  At  Whilton,  Caroline,  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  W.  L.  Rose. 

Northumberland.— Lately.  Aged 
BO,  Mr.  William  Preston,  of  the  firm  of 
Preston  and  Heaton,  printers,  of  New- 
castle. Mr.  P.  for  several  years  con- 
ducted the  Newcastle  Chronicle. 

May  23.  At  Linden,  in  the  15th  year 
of  her  age,  Jemima,  youngest  dan.  of 
Charles  W.  Bigge,  esq. 


Salop. — At  his  seat,  Hie  Marsh,  near 
Shrewsbury,  J.  C.  Wood,  esq.  an  eminent 
botanist  and  ornithologist* 

Somerset.— June  9-  Philip  Collin* , 
esq.  of  Court  Ash,  Yeovil. 

June  15.  At  Bath,  Eli*.  Margaret, 
fourth  dau.  of  Captain  Buckle,  R.  N. 

June  23.  At  Wells,  aged  90,  John 
Lovell,  who  had  been  parish  clerk  for  the 
last  C2  years,  during  which  period  he  had 
officiated  at  the  marriage  of  2,573  couple, 
at  the  burial  of  6,008,  and  at  the  baptizing 
of  9,313  individuals. 

June  25.  At  Bath,  aged  82,  Elix.  the 
wife  of  Col.  M.  C.  S.  Courtenay,  and 
aunt  to  Sir  R.  H.  Cunliffe,  Bart.  She 
was  the  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Robert  the  se- 
cond Baronet,  by  Mary,  dau.  of  Ichabod 
Wright,  esq.  of  Nottingham,  and  was 
married  in  1782. 

June  26.  At  Bath,  Jane,  wife  of  Na- 
pier Sturt,  esq.  of  Buckshaw -house,  Sher- 
borne. 

June  28.  At  Wells,  aged  60,  John 
Paine  Tudway,  esq. 

July  4.  At  Wells,  aged  90,  Mrs.  Han- 
nah Carter. 

July  16.  At  Bath,  of  apoplexy,  aged 
77,  Richard  Ogborn,  esq.  He  was  for- 
merly a  respectable  stationer  in  Bishops  - 
gate-street,  and  many  years  an  active  ma- 
nager of  the  Royal  Humane  Society. 

Stafford.— June  30.  At  Chartley 
Castle,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sarah,  Co  ant  ess 
Ferrers.  She  was  the  dau.  of  William 
Davy,  esq.  and  became  the  second  wife 
of  the  present  Earl  Ferrers  in  1829. 

Lately.  At  Lane  End,  aged  73,  Wil- 
liam Turner,  esq.  whose  name  is  con- 
nected with  various  discoveries  and  im- 
provements in  the  earthenware  manufac- 
ture, and  one  of  the  oldest  manufacturers 
in  the  trade.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
French  Revolution,  he  happened  to  be  in 
France,  and  was  taken  as  a  Dutch  spy,  on 
which  charge  he  was  tried  and  acquitted. 
Afterwards  he  was  compelled  to  assist  in 
demolishing  the  Bastille.  He  owed  his 
liberty  to  the  late  Duke  of  Sutherland, 
then  Ambassador  at  Paris. 

July  13.  Francis,  wife  of  Rich.  Gaunt, 
esq.  of  Leek. 

Suffole. — June  14.  At  Risby,  aged 
80,  Samuel  Robinson,  esq.  of  Finsbury- 
circus. 

At  Southwold,  Lieutenant  C.  Wales, 
R.  M. 

At  Oakley-house,  aged  60,  Commander 
John  Worth,  R.  N.  (1809). 

Surrey.— June  14.  At  Croydon,  aged 
49,  the  Hon.  George  Anderson  Pelham, 
only  brother  of  Lord  Yarborough. 

At  Petersham,  Selina-Maria,  dan.  of 
John  Atkinson,  esq.  of  Maple  Hayes, 
Staffordshire. 


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222 


Obituary. 


Sussex.— May  27.  At  Brighton,  aged 
34,  Charlotte,  wife  of  R.  Bevan,  esq. 

May  30.  At  the  residence  of  her  mo- 
ther, Southorer,  near  Lewes,  Caroline- 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Artbnr 
Windus,  esq.  of  Fludyer-street. 

June  22.  At  Hastings,  Harriet,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Madge,  of  Essex- 
street  Chapel. 

Lately.  At  Brighton,  Dr.  James  Weir, 
Assistant  Inspector  of  Hospitals. 

July  3.  At  Brighton,  aged  56,  Gerard 
de  Visme,  esq.  of  St.  Andrew's -place, 
Regent's -park. 

Julyh.  At  Brighton,  Charlotte  Wilkes, 
widow  of  Sir  George  Nayler,  Garter  King 
at  Anns.  She  was  left  a  widow  Oct.  28, 
1831  (see  Gent.  Mag.  ci.  i.  564,  rn.  i. 
190).  An  inquest  was  held  on  her  body, 
at  which  Miss  Lawrie,  her  niece,  deposed 
that,  having  attended  evening  service  at 
St.  Peter's  church,  with  her  three  daugh- 
ters, she  was  suddenly  taken  ill  in  the 
street,  removed  into  a  house,  and  died  in 
less  than  half  an  hour.  Verdict,  Apo- 
plexy. 

July  6.  At  Graffham,  near  Petworth, 
aged  76,  Mrs.  Lucy  Smith,  sister  of  Lord 
Carrington. 

July  15.  AtWoodgatc-house,  Becklcy, 
aged  58,  Geo.  Rugg,  esq. 

July  18.  At  Brighton,  aged  75,  Thos. 
Burne,  esq.  late  Comptroller  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's Customs  at  the  West  India  Docks. 

Wilts.— May  15.  At  Salisbury,  T. 
Titterton,  esq.  Purser  R.N.  (1794). 

May  18.  At  Marlborough,  aged  73, 
Frances  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Rev.  John 
Meyler,  Rector  of  Maulden,  Beds. 

Lately.  At  Pickwick,  Susan,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Brindley,  the  institutor 
of  "  The  annual  lecture  on  cruelty  to  the 
brute  creation." 

Worcester.— June  11,  at  Milvern, 
Louisa-Augusta,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Fran- 
cis Duncan,  and  eldest  dau.  of  Col.  EI- 
rington,  of  the  47th  regt. 

York.— July  7.  At  Harden  Grange, 
the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  Walker 
Ferrand,  esq.  aged  94,  the  widow  of  Gen. 
Twiss,  Royal  Engineers. 

Wai.es.— At  Glangwnna,  near  Carnar- 
von, Rowland  Hunt,  esq.  of  Boreatton- 
park,  Salop.  He  was  fifth  in  descent 
from  Colonel  Thomas  Hunt,  Sheriff  of 
Shropshire  in  1656,  and  son  of  Rowland 
Hunt,  esq.  whose  benevolent  exertions 
in  the  magistracy  are  commemorated  in 
Blakeway's  "  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire," 
p.  244.  The  gentleman  now  deceased 
was  Sheriff  in  1830.  He  married  April 
8,  1823,  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Lloyd,  esq.  of  Shrewsbury  and  Glan- 
gwnna, co.  Carnarvon,  and  had  several 
children. 


.fune  21 .  At  Rhysnant  halL  Margaret, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Rowland  Wingfield,  Vi- 
car of  Ruabon,  only  dan.  of  the  late  Clop, 
ton  Prhys,  esq.  of  Llandrinio  and  Rhys- 
nant, co.  Montgom. 

Irelakd. — April24.  AtWexford,  aged 
61 ,  Capt,  W.  Clifford,  late  3d  Buffs. 

Lately.  At  Rathkeale,  co.  Limerick, 
Lieut.  Thomas  Graves,  R.N. 

At  Old  Town,  Kildare,  Lt.  A.  Burgh, 
R.N.  (1814). 

At  BinV  Lieut.  W.  Landreth,  91  ft. 

At  Galway,  Lieut.  Clarke,  R.M. 

At  Dublin,  aged  76,  J.  B.  Scriven,  esq. 
father  of  the  Irish  Bar. 

June  3.  At  Cove,  J.  Lee,  esq.  late  3d 
dragoon  guards. 

East  Indies.— 1834.  Auy.M.  At  Cal- 
cutta, Lieut.  Donnithorne,  44th  regt. 

Nop.  6.  At  Berhsmpore,  Bengal,  Lt 
Close,  38th  regt. 

Nov.  28.  Capt  Benjamin  Kingston, 
17th  Bombay  N.I.  youngest  son  of  the 
late  James  Kingston,  esq.  of  High  Wy- 
comb. 

Jan.  3.  At  Fotteguhr,  Bengal,  J.  Fisher, 
esq.  Lieut,  and  Interpreter,  1st  N.I. 

Jan.  23.  Off  Saugor,  on  board  the  Al- 
bion, Capt.  Richard  Newton,  Capt.  44th 
Bengal  N.I. 

Jan.  31.  At  Sea,  aged  26,  Lieut  Henry 
Sanders,  Bengal  Art  second  son  of  the 
late  Capt.  T.  Sanders,  Commander,  E.I.C. 

March  5,  Proceeding  to  the  Cape,  on 
board  the  Elphinstone,  for  the  recovery 
of  his  health,  Captain  WilHaro  Tillotaon 
Drewry,  of  the  Madras  Engineers. 

Lately.  At  Calcutta,  Lieut  J.  H ar- 
il eld,  R.N. 

At  Ahmednuggar,  the  wife  of  Major  F. 
Hickes,  E.I.C.  S„  and  dau.  of  R.  Foquett, 
esq.  I.W. 

At  Sattarah,  senior  Ensign  Charles 
Croxall  Cam,  of  the  23d  N.I.,  Bombay, 
eldest  son  of  T.  C.  Cam,  esq.  of  Bath. 

April  17.  At  Sea,  aged  23,  Lieut  Per. 
cival  Bridgman,  Bengal  Art 

West  Indies.— Jaw.  22.  At  Dominica, 
Lieut.  Ireland,  76th  regt. 

Lately.  Mr.  W.  Travers,  midshipman 
of  the  Racer,  son  of  Captain  Sir  Eaton 
Travers,  R.N. 

Mar.  29.  At  Jamaica,  Capt  Belling - 
ham,  64th  foot. 

May  25.  At  Jamaica,  the  Hon.  Geo. 
Cutbbert,  President  of  the  Council  of 
that  Island. 

Feb.  27.  In  consequence  of  the  wreck 
of  the  Firefly  schooner,  off  Belize,  Capt 
George  West,  R.E. 

April  4.  At  Gongo  Soco,  Thomas  Ave- 
line,  esq.  Chief  Commissioner  of  the  Im- 
perial Brazilian  Mining  Association.  Ha 
has  left  a  widow  and  six  children. 


Digitized  by  Google 


*853.]         Bill  of  Mortality.— Markets.  — Price  of  Shares. 


223 


April  7.  In  Canada,  Stafford  B.  Price, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Stafford  Price,  esq  Hen- 
doc,  Middlesex. 

April  13.   At  Dresden,  Anne,  wife  of 
Philip  Castel  Sherard,  esq.  of  Gletton. 
May  2.  At  Madeira,  aged  23,  John,  se 


coo 


id 


»on  t 


a^ed  70,  M.  M'Donnell,  esq. ,  formerly  of 
New  Broad-street,  City. 

Lately.  At  Brunswick,  aged  57,  the  wi- 
dow of  H.  W.  Cole,  esq. 

At  Honfleur,  aged  28,  in  consequence 
of  a  kick  from  his  horse,  Charles  Elliott 


f  Thomas  Freeman,  %esq.  of    Buckeridge,  esq.  eldest  surviving  son  of 


the  Rookery,  Dorking. 

Af«jr  1 1.  At  the  Hague,  the  widow  of 
Vice  Adm.  Baron  Van  CapeUen.  G.C.W. 
and  K.C  B. 

May  26.  At  Malta,  the  wife  of  CoL  Sir 
Prederick  Hankey,  G.C.M.G. 

June  1 .  At  Malta,  W.  Robertson,  esq. 
Assistant  Commissary-general. 

June  37.  At  Almeria,  Granada  (Spain), 


the  late  Lieut  -CoL  Buckeridge.of  Bin- 
field  Grove,  Berks. 

At  Berlin,  aged  2G,  the  Hon.  Sevilla, 
wife  of  H.  F.  Howard,  esq.  of  Corby  Cas- 
tle. She  was  the  5th  daughter  of  David 
Montagu,  2nd  and  present  Lord  Erskine, 
by  Frances,  daughter  of  Gen.Cadwallader. 
and  was  married  Dec.  23,  1830. 

At  Toola,  Russia,  aged  68,  Colonel  J. 
Jones,  C  E. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  June  24  to  July  21,  1835. 


Christened. 


Buried. 
Mules       590  }11QA 
Females    546  J  llc* 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  345 


f  2  and  5 
el  5  and  10 
55  7  10  and  20 
5  )  20  and  30 
«  9  30  and  40 
v  -10  and  50 


124 

6"3 
43 
90 
92 
96 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 


60 
70 
80 
90 


85 
97 
59 


90  and  100  3 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  July24. 
Wheat 
*.  d. 
46  1 


Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

*.  d: 

t.  d. 

*.  d. 

*.  d. 

*.  d. 

29  8 

23  10 

31  2 

39  9 

37  4 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  July  27. 
 *3/.  IOf.  to   5/.    5t.     Farnbam  (seconds)  0/L    0*.  to 


OL  0*. 
15*.  to  71.  0*. 


Kent  Pockets   3/ 

Sussex   3/.  15/.  to  51.  5*. 

Essex   31.  15*.  to  51.  15s 


$u»ex  01.   0*.  to   0/.  0*. 

Essex  Ot.  0*.  to  0/.  0*. 

Farnhana  (fine)  11    0*.  to   Hi.  0*. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  July  24. 
Smithfield,  Hay,  31. 15s.  to  5L  0* — Straw,  1/.  18*.  to  2/.  5*.— Clover,  47. 0*.  to  51. 15*. 

SMITHFIE LD,  July  27.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


 2*.  4d.  to  4*. 

nuton  St.  \0d.  to  4*. 

^eal  3j.  Od.  to  4*. 

p<*k  2*.  2d.  to  3*. 


id. 
Ad. 
Sd. 
id. 


Lamb  4*.  44.  to  5s.  6d. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  July  25. 

Beasts ...    2.580    Calves  250 

Sheep  &  Lambs  29,400    Pigs  447 


COAL  MARKET,  July  27. 
Walls  Ends,  from  19*.  9d.  to  21*.  3d.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  15*.  Od.  to  20*.  Gd, 
TALLOW,  per  cwt. — Town  Tallow,  51*.  6d.    Yellow  Russia,  40*.  Od, 
SOAP.— Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd,  *. 
CANDLES,  6*.  6d.  per  dor.    Moulds,  8*.  Od. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Combill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  248.  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  88§  Grand  Junction 

232.  Kenaet  and  Avon,  20.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  525.  Regent's,  15 

 Rochdale,  140.  London  Dock  Stock,  574.  St.  Katharine's,  69)..  West 

India,  95.  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  199.  Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  52$.  West  Middlesex,  7a  Globe  Insurance,  152*.  Guardian,  34. 

 Hope,6|.  Chartered  Gas  Light,  47.  Imperial  Gas,43§.  Phoenix  Gas, 

*4  .Independent  Gas,  50.  General  United,  38 J.  Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 35  Reversionary  Interest,  130. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  nbove. 


Digitized  by  Google 


221 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  June  26,  to  July  25,  1835,  both  inclusive. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

«*« 

°-5 

8  o'clock 
Morning. 

• 

c 

E 

o-S 

18  o'clock 
Morninp. 

• 

C 

i 

Kg 
i  ~ 
Q  S 

Noo 

2 
cq 

.Weather 

5% 

O 

5 

_  '  *  ■ 

o 

1 

Weather. 

.T 1 1  n  p 

0 

o 

0 

in.  ots. 

Julv 

%M  ill  J 

0 

0 

0 

lin.  pts. 

48 

52 

4Q 

29,  76 

rain 

I  1 

1  I 

62 

71 

55 

130,  06 

fair 

27 

47 

51 

40 

.  80 

VIVUUJ 

12 

04 

72 

61 

v/  a 

129,  95 

do. 

57 

63 

40 

30,  20 

fair 

13 

63 

70 

55 

,84 

do.  do. 

56 

63 

.53 

,  20 

do. 

14 

62 

72 

.56 

30,  00 

do.  do. 

30 

61 

68 

!! 

,  io 

do.  cloudy 

15 

66 

73 

61  i 

29,  90 

do.  do. 

J.l 

65 

72 

54 

,  10 
,  04 

do. 

16 

66 

74 

59 

,  93  do. 

2 

69 

76 

58 

do.  rain 

17 

59 

75 

57 

30,  00 

do. 

3 

67 

74 

59 

,  06 

rain 

18 

64 

79 

60 

29,  96 

do.  cloudy 

4 

64 

76 

60 

,  08 

fair 

19 

66 

75 

60 

30,  10 

do. 

60 

72 

56 

29,  86 

do.  rain 

20 

67 

82 

68 

,  14 

do.  cloudy 

6 

64 

72 

57 

30,  03 

do. 

21 

72 

80 

62 

,18 

do. 

7 

66 

72 

56 

,  10  do.  cloudy 

22 

70 

74 

58 

,21 

do. 

8 

64 

72 

57 

30,  00  |do.  do. 

23 

70 

77 

58 

,23 
,20 

do. 

9 

62 

67 

81 

29,  90  do.  do. 

24 

69 

79 

60 

do. 

10 

63 

70 

,m 

do. 

25 

69 

77 

62 

,  17 

do. 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  June  29,  to  July  27,  1835,  both  inclusive. 


29  216190J  4 

302I6t|90*  i 

1216  90*  i 

22154190*  * 

3216*90*  1* 

4216*911  i 

6216*91*  490*   i  99*  994991 

7216*|91±  *904 


984  98* 
98§  96. 
984  984 
98,  98g 
99* 
100 


i 


99i  98* 


8,217*91*    4  90*    i\  99$  99*98* 


9  |9Ij    4  91  90  j  99*  99,  99 

10  2164  91*    1904    i  984  99*  98$ 

II  91  90*90*    *  994  98i  98| 

13214*  90*    490*89*  98  (,  98*984 

14  215*90*    *  89,90*   98J  97, 

15215*904    190*    i!  98|98j974 


16  216  904  1  90* 
17         904  1.00* 


98*97* 


98 *  99  974 

18  2154  90*    4  90}    *  99  99  984 

20  216*|91        904    V  !'ss  994,98* 

21215*  904    l|904    |  98*  994 
22  216  91  90gi90*  $ 
232I5*|90}    1  904  | 


•|  99f98* 
98*  99*984 


24216' 91  90*904    *  99*  98*98* 

98*98 
98J>98 


26215  90*    ^|90*89*  98*;  98^98* 


27  215  90*    ij«>*  90 


§ 

.2 
•5 


5  7  pm. 

5  9  pm. 
9  7  pm. 

7  9  pm 
10  8pm. 

9  10pm. 
255412  14pm. 
1613pm. 
1412  pm. 
12  9  pm. 

8  10  pm. 
911  pm. 
911pm. 

10  7  pm. 

6  8  pm. 

6  9  pm. 

7  9  pm. 
1012  pm 

10  12  pm. 
11 13pm. 

11  0pm. 
255*,4210pm. 

1012  pm. 


Ex.  Bills, 
£1000. 


Old  South  Sea  Annuities,  July  8,  80 J. 


27  25  pm. 
25  27  pm. 
25  27  pm. 
25  28  pm. 

28  30  pm. 

29  31  pm. 

31  33  pm. 

32  34  pm. 
32  34  pm. 
32  28  pm. 
29  31  pm. 

29  31  pm. 

30  27  pm. 

25  27  pm. 
27  25  pm. 

26  29  pm. 

27  29  pm. 

28  31  pm. 

29  31  pm. 
29  31  pm. 
29  31  pm. 

31  29  pm. 
29  31  pm. 
29  30  pm. 
27  29  pro. 


J.  J.  ARNULLj  Stock  Broker,  1,  Bank  Buildings,  Cornhill, 

late  Richardson,  Goodi.ucx,  and  Arnitm.. 

 —  ■  —   Digitized  by  Google 

J.  ».  NICHOLS  AND  SON.  2.5,  TARI-IAMENT  STREET. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

SEPTEMBER,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Grnt. 


CONTENTS.  PA  OR 

Minor  Correspondence.— Effigies  at  Earl's  Colne— Sir  II.  Unton,  &«   226 

KlHBY  OX  THE  HlSTORY,  HABITS,  AND  InSTIXCTS  OP  ANIM  ALB   227 

Diary  op  a  Lover  of  Literature,  » .  235 

Loudon's  Arboretum  Britannicum...   238 

Annals  of  the  Richmond  Society  of  Archers.   241 

Coins  of  William  the  Conqueror  and  Rufus,  found  at  Reawortti,  Hants   242 

Memorial*  op  Literary  Characters,  No.  VIII.— Original  Letters  from 
Hannah  More  to  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles,  and  from  William  Cobbett  to  the 
Printer  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  246.— Inscription  to  the  late  Dr.  G. 

Williams  at  Oxford   247 

Hon*  Vrxurix*,  No.  VI.— Critical  Remarks  on  Horace   248,  249 

On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare   250 

St  Stephen's  Chapel*  Westminster  (with  a  Plate)   252 

Monumental  Enlgies  in  Dennington  Church,  Suffolk  »   261 

Meeting  of  the  British  Association  for  the  promotion  of  Science  at  Dublin.. ..  26? 
RetrospecTivb  Review. — Lord  Falkland's  Poems   268 

REVIEW  OP  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Beckford'a  Alcobaca  and  Batalha,  274. — Irving's  Abbotsford  and  Newstead 
Abbey,  276. — Oliver's  Rambles  in  Northumberland,  Sec  277- — Affairs  of  the 
East,  278. — Miss  P.  Kemble's  Journal  in  America,  279.— Allies  on  the  Old 
Red  Sandstone,  282. — Gobat's  Residence  in  Abyssinia,  285. — Collier's  New 
Facts  regarding  Shakspeare,  286. — Willis  and  WheweU  on  the  Architecture 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  288. — Home's  Third  Centenary  of  the  Reformation, 

291.— Bride  of  Siena   293 

Reviews....  .  294,  295 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 
New  Publication*,  296.— Greshara  College,  296.— St.  Saviour's  Church   296 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Sale  of  Mr.  Salt's  Egyptian  Antiquities. .  298 
Roman  Sepulchral  stone  found  at  Cirencester.— Antiquities  at  York,  &c...  302 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  304.  —  Foreign 
News,  309.— Domestic  Occurrences,  312.— Promotions,  Preferments,  &c. 
313.— Marriage*   314 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  Marshal  Mortier,  Due  de  Treviso  ;  Earl  of 
Waldegrave  ;  Dr.  Ellington,  Bp.  of  Ferns ;  Lord  Middleton  ;  Lord  Suf- 
fidd  ;  Capt.  Hon.  Geo.  Barrington  ;  A  dm.  Sir  R.  Moorsom,  K.C.B. ;  Major- 
Gen.  Sir  A.  Macdowall,  K.C.B. ;  Lt.-Gen.  P.  Powell ;  Lt-Gen.  Le  Couteur; 
W.  G.  Long,  esq.  *,  Baron  Von  Humboldt;  Capt  Kater,  F.R.S. ;  Mr*  H.  D. 
IogUs;  Mr.  Henry  Parke ;  Mr.  Egerton;  Robt.  Lemon,  esq.  F.S.A   315 

Clergy  Deceased,  329. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties  332 

Bill  of  Mortality— Markets— Prices  o  fShares,335— Meteorological  Diary— Stocks  336 

Embellished  with  a  view  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  Westminster. 


Digitized  by  Google 


226 


MINOR  CORRI 

H.  S.  "  Being  lately  within  a  few  miles 
of  Earl's  Colne,  in  Essex,  went  thither  to 
see  the  monuments  of  the  de  Veres,  Earls 
of  Oxford.    Others  being  likely  to  do  so, 
it  should  be  generally  known  that  the 
Church  no  longer  contains  a  trace  of  these 
venerable    remains.     They  have  been 
wholly  removed  to  Colne  Priory.  Access 
to  them  seems  to  be  readily  granted ;  but 
a  stranger  naturally  feels  unwilling  to  in- 
trude upon  a  private  family,  and  he  might 
even  be  tempted  into  some  notice  of  the 
very  questionable  title  under  which  these 
antiquities  have  been  appropriated.  In 
defence  of  such  appropriation,  it  is  plead- 
ed, that  the  parish,  needing  more  pew- 
room,  desired  the  removal  of  these  monu- 
ments, and  that  originally  they  were 
placed  elsewhere.    They  were,  in  fact, 
removed  from  the  Priory  church,  at  the 
dissolution.    It  is  painful  to  think  that 
they  are  no  longer  in  a  public  edifice  of 
any  kind,  but  must  hereafter  be  liable  to 
the  negligence,  necessities,  and  caprices 
inseparable  from  private  ownership.  Some 
convenient  position  for  them  might  surely 
have  been  found  within  the  Church ;  and 
an  English  gentleman,  in  using  his  in- 
fluence for  such  a  purpose,  would  have 
had  the  satisfaction  of  protecting  his 
country  in  the  possession  of  her  histori- 
cal evidences,  and  antiquarian  treasures." 

L.  A.  remarks,  "  In  an  article  of  the 
last  number  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  on 
the  valuable  letters  of  M.  Von  Raumcr, 
illustrative  of  the  history  of  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries,  the  reviewer 
has  expressed  on  one  point  surprise  al- 
most amounting  to  distrust.  He  pro- 
fesses his  utter  inability  to  conceive  who, 
or  what,  that  English  ambassador  could 
be,  with  a  name  anything  like  what  the 
French  have  made  into  Omp*o»,  who,  in 
addressing  a  challenge  to  the  Duke  of 
Guise,  in  the  year  1588,  boasts  of  being 
worthy  of  his  sword  by  blood  not  inferior 
to  that  of  the  Princes  of  Loraine.  The  fol- 
lowing explanatory  remarks  may  perhaps, 
by  solving  the  difficulty,  serve  as  a  vindi- 
cation, on  this  point,  of  the  accuracy  of  a 
very  eminent  labourer  in  the  field  of  his- 
torical research.  The  letter  in  question 
has  not  now  been  given  for  the  first  time 
to  the  English  public.  Many  years  ago, 
when  documents  concerning  Queen  Elisa- 
beth and  her  Court  formed  the  matter  of 
my  studies,  I  met  with  it  in  some  collec- 
tion of  State  Papers, *  but  at  this  distance 

•  Wc  apprehend  it  was  in  Fuller's 
Worthies,  where  Sir  Henry's  challenge  is 
given,  or  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  vol.  Hi.  p.  85,  where  it  is 
quoted. — Edit. 


1SPONDENCE. 

of  time  I  am  unable  to  say  what.  It 
struck  me  however  with  the  fame  surprise 
as  the  reviewer,  although  the  name  was 
there  given  in  its  correct  form — Sir  Henry 
Unton — until  I  found  in  Sir  E.  Brydgea'a 
Peerage,  under  the  article  of  Seymour 
Duke  of  Somerset,  what  I  believe  to  be 
the  true  key  to  the  mystery.    It  is  there 
mentioned  that  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  first  Duke,  by  his  wife  Anne  Stan- 
hope, married  first,  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Dudley,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and 
secondly,  Sir  Edward  Unton,  of  Wadley 
in  Farringdou  in  Berks,  Knight  of  the 
Bath.    The  ambassador  in  question  was 
the  son  of  this  marriage  ;  as  grandson  of 
the  Duke  of  Somerset,  Lord  Protector, 
as  a  near  kinsman  of  Edward  VI.  and  as 
a  lineal  descendant  by  his  maternal  grand- 
mother, and  through  the  great  house  of 
Bourchier,  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock, 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  and  youngest  son  of 
Edward  III.  he  had  some  claim  to  place 
his  lineage  on  a  footing  of  equality  with 
tbat  of  Guise  ;  and  it  may  be  added,  that 
he  could  have  inherited  little  of  the  spirit 
of  that  proud  wife  of  Somerset,  who 
struggled  for  precedence,  even  over  the 
widow  of  Henry  VIII.  had  he  failed  to 
assert  himself  to  the  utmost    A  Sir  Ed- 
ward Unton,  probably  son  to  Sir  Henry, 
is  mentioned  in  the  Peerage  as  married  to 
a  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents 
learned  in  family  history  may  be  enabled 
to  add  further  notices  of  the  Untons. '  *  Fo  r 
these  our  correspondent  is  referred  to 
Gent.  Mag.  vol.  Levi.  pp.  13,  1069. 

The  communication  of  H.  B.  on  the 
Antient  Classics  is  declined. 

Beta  lately  heard  a  dispute  whether  the 
Adjectives  'first*  and  'last*  could  be  cor- 
rectly used  with  numerals,  as '  the  two  last,' 
4  the  three  first ; '  or  whether  they  could 
respectively  only  apply  to  one  of  a  series, 
as  4  the  first,'  4  the  last.'  I  cannot  at 
this  time  recollect  an  English  authority 
for  the  use  of  numerals ;  but  Cicero  has 
4  duo  prima  capita  epistohs  su«.'  Ad 
Famil.  3.  8.  It  was  attempted  to  be 
argued,  that  there  was  a  distinction  be- 
tween 4  the  two  Last, '  and  4  the  last  two  ' 
but  no  authority  was  quoted,  and  I  cannot 
perceive  the  difference.  Perhaps  one  of 
your  correspondents  would  favour  me  with 
an  answer  to  this  grammatical  query  .* 

Errata. — P.  loo  a.  line  0  from  bottom,  fbr 
Scrcold  tend  Seroco'd.  —  P.  134  b.  19,  for 
proves  r.  pioyc— P.  137  a.  16,  rend  British  and 
American. — P.  138  a.  u,  read  A«ia'ique».— -P. 
U:j  b.  S9,  for  TatUi  read  Tatar  (so  Mr.Gutxtftft 
affect*  to  write  the  word  Tartar.")— P.  ISI  a.  li, 
for"  Roman  design,"  read  •«  Norman  donjon  j  " 
1.  57,  for  "  dummie*  in"  re  <d  "  clumncy*  ou  ;  " 
1.  31,. for  "  torretteJ  beforr,"  read  "  coaiposcJ." 


Digitized  by  Google 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 


ON  THE  HISTORY,  HABITS,  AND  INSTINCTS  OF  ANIMALS.?*  Vol: 

BY  THE  REV.  WILLIAM  KIRBY,  M.A.  F.R.8.     (BRIDGWATER  TREATI8E.)  1835. 

IF  Mr.  Kirby's  volumes  should  not  prove  the  most  popular  among  the 
elegant  and  philosophical  treatises  which  have  been  produced  by  the  golden 
influence  of  the  Bridgwater  legacy,  it  will  certainly  not  arise  from  their 
inferiority  to  those  of  bis  learned  coadjutors.  Mr.  Kirby  has  been  long 
and  honourably  known  as  a  very  eminent  naturalist,  particularly  in  the 
branch  of  entomology.  To  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  different  sys  - 
terns  of  the  zoologist  and  naturalist,  he  has  added  a  practical  knowledge  of 
the  subject,  and  has  studied  both  in  the  museum  of  the  collector,  and  in  the 
larger  repository  of  nature.  He  seems  equally  acquainted  with  the  syste- 
matic arrangements  and  classifications  which  have  been  formed  by  men  of 
science,  and  with  the  organization  and  nature  of  animal  creation,  from  his 
own  observation.  Hence,  in  the  present  volumes,  he  has  not  only  amassed 
a  most  copious  and  curious  collection  of  facts  on  the  habits  and  instincts 
of  animals,  particularly  of  the  simpler  and  lower  order  of  the  creation, 
which  we  will  venture  to  say  were  quite  unknown  to  the  general  reader  ; 
but  he  has  arranged  them  in  luminous  and  scientific  order,  traced  the 
causes  of  many  singular  phenomena  they  present,  examined  many  subtile 
questions  connected  with  their  physiology,  and  then  risen  to  the  very 
highest  and  most  abstract  province  of  the  natural  historian,  in  his  examina- 
tion of  the  development  of  their  intellectual  and  sensitive  powers, — their 
growth,  their  modifications,  and  their  mutual  dependencies  and  connec- 
tions. The  object  of  the  treatises  with  which  the  well-directed  munifi- 
cence of  the  Earl  of  Bridgwater  has  enriched  the  history  of  science,  is — 
'  the  illustration  of  the  power,  the  wisdom,  and  goodness  of  the  Deity  as 
manifested  in  the  works  of  the  creation."  While  this  argument  was  un- 
folded by  Mr.  Whewell  in  the  contemplation  of  the  planetary  system  and 
of  genera)  physics  j  by  Sir  Charles  Bell  in  the  beautiful  and  curious  me« 
chanism  of  the  human  hand  •*  by  Dr.  Kidd  in  the  adaptation  of  external 
nature  to  the  physical  condition  of  man  j  and  in  like  manner,  each  in  his 
department,  by  other  eminent  writers  j  to  Mr.  Kirby  was  allotted  the 
very  delightfnl  but  difficult  subject  of  tracing  through  the  minutest  inha- 
bitants of  the  globe  (the  existence  of  many  of  which  the  unassisted  eye 
cannot  perceive),  the  various  principles  on  which  their  nature  appears 


•  Perhaps  the  following  sentence,  in  Mr.  Kirby's  treatise,  might  as  well  have  been 
omitted.  He  is  speaking  of  the  superior  organ  of  the  body,  the  human  hand.  "  The 
Deity  himself  also  condescends  to  convey  spiritual  benefits  to  his  people  by  means  of 
the  hand*  of  authorized  persons,  as  in  confirmation  and  ordination.  And  the  blessed 
friend  and  patron,  and  advocate  and  deliverer  of  our  race,  when  he  was  upon  earth, 
appears  to  have  wrought  most  of  his  miracles  of  healing,  by  laying  on  his  hand* ;  in 
benediction  also,  when  children  were  brought  unto  him,  he  laid  his  hands  on  them, 
sad  at  his  ascension  he  lifted  up  his  hand*  to  bless  his  disciples."  On  this  subject, 
speaking  with  the  profoundest  reverence,  it  has  always  struck  us  as  rather  singular, 
that,  amidst  all  the  miracles  of  our  Lord,  no  instance  of  a  hit  limb  rettored  is  men- 
tioned.   Has  this  been  ever  noticed  before,  and  if  so,  what  reason  is  assigned ; 


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228 


On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals. 


[Sept. 


formed ;  of  examining  the  instincts  and  habits  which  so  harmoniously  adapt 
them  to  the  situations  in  which  they  are  placed,  and  the  purposes  they 
hare  to  fulfil ;  which  harmonize  them  with  the  other  parts  of  the  creation, 
and  which  are  all  subject  to  certain  laws  impressed  on  them  by  the  hand 
of  that  great  and  wise  Being  who  formed  them,  and  which  no  power  of 
theirs,  or  of  man  can  control  or  gainsay.  The  nomination  of  Mr. 
Kirby  was  most  judiciously  made  by  the  trustees.  There  are  very  few 
persons,  at  least  in  oar  country,  who  jwssess  such  an  extensive  fund  of 
knowledge  on  the  subject  required,  or  who  can  claim  so  enlarged  an 
acquaintance  with  the  history  of  the  microscopic  products  of  animal  nature 
as  the  rector  of  Barham :  and  the  only  misgiving  which  we  have  on  the 
subject  is,  that,  while  his  work  will  be  highly  esteemed  by  profound  natu- 
ralists, it  may  display  too  recondite  a  research  for  the  uninstructed  reader. 
The  object  of  these  treatises  undoubtedly  is  to  be  of  general  benefit ;  to  act 
upon  the  public  mind,  to  produce  belief  and  conviction  on  those  classes  of 
society  whose  education  has  enabled  them  to  pursue  and  enjoy  these  and 
similar  theories,  yet  short  of  a  scientific  or  systematic  knowledge  of  them. 
Now,  we  are  not  sure  that  a  smaller  number  of  examples,  selected  from 
the  different  genera  and  8|>ecies  of  animals,  and  well  grouped  and  arranged, 
would  not  produce  a  stronger  effect  upon  the  mind,  and  take  a  deeper  bold 
of  the  feelings,  than  the  vast  multitude  which  Mr.  Kirby 's  commanding 
knowledge  has  enabled  him  to  accumulate ;  particularly  as  the  greater  part 
is  selected  from  the  minute  and  concealed  tribes  of  universal  life,  many 
of  them,  by  the  common  eye  confused  with  the  productions  of  the  vege- 
table world,  and  whose  forms,  names,  and  dwellings  are  scarcely  known  to 
any  but  the  scientific  entomologist.  Such  are  the  molluscans,  the  anne- 
hdaus,  the  cephalopoda,  and  still  more  the  infusories,  the  microscopic  ani- 
malcules, the  acrita,  or  indiscernibles,  and  the  amorpha,  or  the  formless  ; 
the  minim  animals  that  may  be  said  to  be  universally  dispersed, 
that  inhabit  the  sea,  the  rivers,  and  other  waters ;  that  are  supposed 
to  float  in  the  air ;  that  are  found  in  the  blood  and  urine ;  in  the  tartar 
of  the  teeth  j  in  animal  substances,  in  vinegar,  in  paste,  in  vegetable 
substances,  and  in  fruits,  seeds,  and  grain ;  in  sand,  among  tiles,  in 
wells,  on  mountains  ;  whose  numbers  are  infinite  ;  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  whom  may  be  seen  in  a  single  drop  of  water  j  whose  minuteness  is  so 
extensive,  that  some  are  not  more  than  77'<nrth  part  of  a  line  in  length,  and 
yet  these  animals  possess  a  momth  and  a  stomach.  Curious  and  valuable 
beyond  all  dispute  as  such  investigations  are,  requiring  also  not  only  a  very 
accurate  habit  of  observation,  but  also  most  logical  powers  of  arrangement 
and  analysis,  yet  they  may  be  carried  too  far  for  the  general  reader :  and 
we  think  it  very  probable  that  Mr.  Kirby  may  be  called  by  the  public  voice 
to  afford  them  a  popular  abridgment,  or  perhaps  selection  from  his  great 
and  elaborate  work.  However  that  may  be,  the  present  volumes  are  reposi- 
tories of  a  vast  number  of  most  curious  facts,  brought  from  remote  quarters, 
grouped  in  most  commodious  masses,  illustrated  by  extensive  information, 
authenticated  by  veracious  and  sound  authorities,  and  presenting  much  that 
is  new,  even  to  professional  readers.  After  describing  the  creation  and  dis- 
tribution of  animals,  a  subject  which  the  deepest  inquirer  muBt  be  contented 
to  sec  still  lying  under  much  darkness,  and  surrounded  by  difficulties  that 
defy  any  satisfactory  solution,  Mr.  Kirby  commences  with  the  functions 
and  instincts  of  animals,— beginning  at  thejoot  of  the  scale,*  and  ttrmi- 

*  At  p.  13,  is  a  curious  inquiry  as  to  the  existence  of  the  intestinal  worm,  in  the 
body  of  the  first  man  created  sinless  and  perfect.    Mr.  Kirby  cannot  believe  that  man 


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183* .]        On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  229 

rating  with  man  at  the  summit, — uthus  making  a  gradual  progress  towards 
the  most  perfect  being  it  was  his  will  to  create,  and  ending  with  him.  So, 
(says  the  author.)  I  think  it  will  best  manifest  His  power  and  properties  if 
I  endeavour  to  trace  out  the  footsteps  of  the  Deity,  in  the  same  direction 
as  He  proceeded  >  and  instead  of  beginning,  as  is  usually  done  by  systematic 
writers,  with  the  highest  grade  of  animals,  I  ascend  upwards  from  the 
lowest."  In  pursuance  of  this  plan  the  work  is  divided  into  twenty-five 
chapters ;  hfteen  of  which  are  occupied  with  the  history  of  animals,  be- 
ginning with  the  infusories,  and  ascending  gradually  through  the  polypes, 
molluscans,  worms,  and  annelidans  and  others,  to  the  condy  lopes.  The  five 
remaining  chapters  treat  of  fishes,  reptiles,  birds,  mammalians,  and  man* 

Having  now  informed  our  readers  of  the  general  plan  of  this  ingenious 
and  interesting  woik,  all  that  remains  for  us,  is  to  extract  a  few  of  the 
observations,  which  will  both  be  of  value  in  themselves,  and  also  afford  an 
example  of  Mr.  Kirby's  manner  of  composition.  In  the  conclusions  that 
sometimes  Mr.  Kirby  arrives  at,  as  the  result  of  his  reasonings  on  disputed 
points  in  the  history  of  the  animal  creation,  we  are  not  always  prepared 
to  join ;  and  we  confess  that  we  have  long  since  ceased  to  feel  any 
confidence  in  the  opinion  which  he  maintains  in  the  following  passages 
(vide  vol.  i.  pp.  19 — 21).  He  is  speaking  of  the  supposed  extinction  of 
some  animals  which  formed  part  of  the  original  creation  ;  and  whose  de- 
struction, in  consequence  of  exclusion  from  Noah's  ark,  he  considers  as  not 
warranted  by  the  very  precise  and  comprehensive  language  of  Scripture.1* 

44  But  there  are  doubtless  very  many  Cape  of  Good  Hope  into  the  interior;  the 

animals  still  existing  on  the  earth  and  in  same  country  may  conceal  others  of  the 

itswaters  which  have  not  been  discovered,  game  gigantic  or  other  tribes,  which, 

we  consider  the  vast  tracts  of  terra  when  it  is  more  fully  explored,  may  here- 


incognita  still  shut  out  from  us  in  the  after  be  brought  to  light.  Again,  with 
heart  of  Africa,  that  fatal  country ,  hitherto  respect  to  the  productions  of  the  various 
as  it  were  hermetically  sealed  to  our  re-  seas  and  oceans  that  occupy  so  large  4 
Marches,  and  from  whose  bourn  so  few  portion  of  our  globe,  we  know  compare- 
travellers  return — how  little  we  know  of  tively  few,  especially  of  its  molluscous 
central  Asia,  of  China,  and  of  some  parts  inhabitants.  What  are  cast  up  on  the 
of  North  America — we  may  believe  that  shores  of  the  various  countries  washed 
our  catalogues  of  animals  are  still  very  by  their  waves,  and  what  the  net  or  other 
short  of  their  real  numbers,  even  with  means  may  collect  in  their  vicinity,  find 
respect  to  those  of  the  largest  dimensions,  their  way  indeed  into  our  cabinets  ;  but 
Burchell  and  Campbell  appear  to  have  what  are  these  compared  with  such  as  in- 
met  with  more  than  one  new  species  of  habit  the  depths,  and  caves,  and  beds  of 
rhinoceros  in  their  journey  from  the  of  the  infinite  ocean,  which  never  net 


in  his  pristine  state  of  glory  and  beauty  and  dignity,  could  be  the  receptacle  and  the 
prey  of  those  unclean  and  disgusting  animals.  This,  he  says,  is  surely  incredible,  and 
gives  different  hypotheses  on  the  subject :  but  as  Mr.  Kirby  allows  that  the  animals  who 
now  live  on  flesh,  were  herbivorous  and  harmless  before  the  fall ;  why  should  not  the 
tape-worm  partake  of  the  general  change  ?  Suppose  that  it  existed  in  the  body  of 
animals  f  and  was  transferred  to  the  stomach  of  cannibal  man.  Mr.  Kirby  would  not 
object,  that  the  perfection  of  the  original  animal  system  rejected  this  supposition ;  it 
might  act  as  a  check,  as  a  gentle  disease,  as  a  mode  of  death  to  the  animal. 

*  The  introduction  is  employed  in  refuting  the  irreligious  and  unphilosophical 
systems  of  La  Place  and  La  Marck,  examining  their  views  with  respect  to  nature 
and  life,  and  showing  how  defective  and  unphilosophical  the  doctrines  of  materialism 
are.  Mr.  Kirby's  observations  on  the  language  of  Scripture,  on  subjects  connected 
with  natural  objects,  we  consider  to  be  most  judicious,  and  indeed  clearly  right :  and 
bad  we  room  we  should  willingly  quote  from  p.  xliv.  to  p.  xlviL  The  latter  part  on 
the  Cherubic  images,  and  symbolical  language  of  Scripture,  is  very  learned  and  inge- 
nious.   See  p.  lxxT  to  lxxxvii. 

f  "  Of  every  living  thing  of  all  flesh,  two  of  every  sort  shalt  tbou  bring  into  the 
ark."— If  sort  could  be  interpreted  species  or  genera,  the  difficulty  would  be  lessened. 


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230  Oh  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  ofAnimats.  [Sept. 


draped,  nor  plumb-line  fathomed.  Who  they  are  reckoned  by  the  geologist  as  ex- 
shall  say  what  species  lurk  in  those  unap-  punged  from  the  race  of  living  animals, 
proachable  recesses,  never  to  be  revealed  I  do  not  mean  to  assert  that  these  animals 
to  the  eye  of  man  but  in  a  fossil  state,  are  not  extinct,  but  I  would  only  caution 
The  giant  Inoctrami,  the  singular  tribe  of  the  student  of  nature  from  assuming  this 
Ammonites,  and  all  their  cognate  genera,  as  irrefrapably  demonstrated  ;  since  we 
as  even  La  Marck  seems  disposed  to  con-  certainly  do  not  yet  know  enough  of  the 
cede.  The  Bacutites,  Hamitts,  Scaphites,  vast  field  of  creation,  to  say  dogmatically, 
and  numerous  others,  then,  have  Bpace  with  respect  to  any  species  of  these  ani- 
enough  to  live  unknown  to  fame,  while  mals,  that  this  is  no  longer  in  being." 

We  would  grant,  with  Mr.  Kirby,  that  there  are  probably,  nay,  assuredly, 
many  species  of  the  smaller  part  of  the  animal  kingdom,  tenants  of  the 
interminable  wildernesses  of  the  earth,  that  have  never  beheld  the  form  of 
man,  nor  ever  been  called  before  him  to  receive  their  name  from  his  month  $ 
but  we  agree,  we  believe  with  Cuvier  and  other  illustrious  naturalists,  in 
the  opinion  which  they  have  deliberately  formed  and  always  maintained, 
that  it  is  all  but  hopeless  to  expect  to  behoM  the  gigantic  monsters  of  the 
antediluvian  world  issue  from  their  shaggy  forests  in  the  remote  depths  of 
the  Californian  deserts,  or  hear  the  thunder  of  their  midnight  bellowing* 
shaking  the  Ural  mountains,  or  see  their  vast  unwieldy  forms  bending  to 
drink  of  the  mysterious  fountains  of  the  Niger  or  the  Nile.  Experience 
has  not  proved  that  the  remote  depths  of  ocean  are  inhabited  at  all  j  and 
arguing  from  analogy,  which  we  bring  from  the  solitude  and  silence  of  the 
interior  of  the  largest  and  wildest  of  forests,  where  neither  the  form  of  life 
is  seen,  nor  its  voice  heard,  we  should  presume  that  it  is  not.  Were  the 
depths  of  the  distant  oceans  inhabited,  either  those  who  dwell  in  them 
must  dwell  in  perpetual  darkness,  where  '  never  the  sweet  light  of  day 
hath  visited  them  ;'  or  another  kind  of  ocular  apparatus  must  be  provided 
for  them.  Again,  the  larger  animals  were  herbivorous,  and  if  also  grega- 
rious, like  the  elephant,  or  like  the  great  bison-armies  of  America,  if  they 
had  to  migrate  south  and  north,  as  the  season  and  supply  of  food  obliged, 
they  would  not  be  easily  concealed  from  the  inquisitive  eye  of  man.  It  is 
true  the  interior  of  Africa  presents  a  vast  space  of  untrodden  solitudes;  but 
it  is  also  true  that  we  are  tolerably  well  acquainted  with  the  outward  edge  or 
rim  of  this  interior  circle ;  and  that  we  find  a  considerable  similarity  in 
its  zoology,  from  the  Desarts  of  Barca  and  the  banks  of  Senegal,  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  lion,  the  hippopotamus,  the  giraffe,  the  ostrich, 
are  found  in  parts  most  remote  from  each  other,  and  under  every  meridian ; 
and  indeed  vast  extent  of  space  alone,  unless  accompanied  with  change  in 
soil,  climate,  and  other  circumstances,  does  not  promise  a  richer  Flora  to  the 
botanist,  or  more  varied  forms  of  animal  life  to  the  naturalist.  But  Mr. 
Kirby  has  another  hypothesis,  into  which  he  was  led  by  Mr.  Mantell's 
hypothesis  of  the  age  of  reptiles. 

*'  Besides  the  unexplored  parts  of  the  Mundus  Subterraneus,  but  merely  to  in- 

surface  of  the  earth,  and  of  the  bed  of  the  quire  whether  there  are  any  probable 

ocean,  are  we  sure  that  there  is  no  recep-  grounds  for  thinking  that  some  creatures 

tacle  for  animal  life  in  its  womb  ?    I  am  may  be  placed  by  their  Creator  at  such  a 

not  going  here  to  revive  the  visionary  spe-  depth  within  the  earth's  crust  as  to  be 

culationfl  of  Athanasius  Kircher,  in  his  beyond  all  human  shew !" 

Mr.  Kirby  then  proceeds  to  suggest  reasons  why  it  is  probable  that  a 
central  cavity  exists  in  the  globe, — an  abyss  of  waters  under  the  earth, 
distinct  from  the  ocean,  though  in  communication  with  it  *— the  prin- 


*  Compare  Job  xxviii.  14,  xxxviii.  16,  17;  Genesis  xlix.  25 ;  Deut.  xxiii.  13;  Jonah 

ii.  6.  . 


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1835.}       On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  23  I 

cipal  reservoir  that  supplies  the  rivers  on  its  surface.  Mr.  Kirby  proceeds 
to  support  his  hypothesis,  by  showing  that  the  waters  of  the  Mosaic  deluge 
could  not  be  supplied  from  any  inferior  source. 

"  If,  allowing  for  inequalities  and  eleva-  this  height    The  mean  quantity  of  rain 

tions,  you  deduct  two  -  fifths  from  the  that  now  falls  upon  the  earth  in  a  whole 

body  of  water  which  would  have  prevailed  year,  is  short  of  three  feet,  there  must 

above  the  tops  of  all  the  mountains  15  therefore  have  been  an  outbreak  of  waters 

cubits,  and  as  the  highest  peak  of  the  from  a  source  which  could  supply  all  that 

Himmalah  range  is  5  miles  above  the  was  necessary  to  accomplish  the  will  of 

level  of  the  sea,  this  would  require  a  the  Almighty,  and  make  the  earth  itself  a 

sphere  of  waters  inclosing  the  whole  globe  ruin,  as  well  as  sweep  off  its  inhabitants  ; 

as  its  ancleus,  of  5  miles  in  depth  above  and  where  shall  we  look  for  this,  but  to 

the  level  of  the  sea.    But  a  deluge  of  rain  the  abyss  that  couchethfeneaM  theearth,* 

for  40  days  and  40  nights,  over  the  whole  whose  fountains,  as  the  sacred  historians 

globe,  would  fall  infinitely  short  of  the  tell  us,  were  broken  up." 
amount  of  water  required  to  cover  it  to 

Mr.  Kirby  next  proceeds  to  inquire  what  has  been  said  in  Scripture  on 
the  subject  of  subterranean  animals.    He  brings  forward  a  passage  of  the 
Apocalypse,  where  the  creatures  under  the  earth  are  distinguished from  those 
in  the  sea : — "  And  every  creature  which  is  in  heaven,  and  on  the  earth,  and 
under  the  earth,  and  such  as  are  in  the  sea,  and  all  that  are  in  them,  heard 
I  saying, — Blessing,  and  honour,  and  glory,  and  power,  be  unto  Him  that 
sitteth  on  the  throne,  and  unto  the  Lamb  for  ever  and  ever." — "  There  is 
also,"  he  observes,  "  another  place  in  Scripture,  which,  though  highly  me- 
taphorical, seems  to  point,  if  rightly  interpreted,  to  subterranean  auimals, 
and  even  a  particular  description  of  them.    The  passage  I  allude  to,  is  in 
the  xlivth  Psalm      '  Though  thou  hast  sore  broken  us  in  the  place  of 
dragons,  and  covered  us  with  the  shadow  of  death.'    The  place  of  dragons, 
and  the  shadow  of  death,  here  mean  the  same  thiDg — the  hidden  or  subter- 
ranean world.  In  another  psalm  David  couples  dragons  and  abysses. "  Mr. 
Kirby  next  proceeds  to  inquire  what  is  meant  by  dragons,  by  which  he  un- 
derstands the  Saurian  race.    The  typical  animal,  or  the  dragon  proper  of 
Scripture,  is  undoubtedly  a  Saurian,  especially  the  amphibious  ones,  such 
as  the  crocodile  and  its  affinities.    These  are  the  animals  that  he  conjec- 
tures may  not  improbably  be  still  in  existence  in  the  subterranean  ocean  ; 
and  this  will  sufficiently  account  for  their  never  having  been  seen,  except 
in  a  fossil  state.    Mr.  Kirby  then  produces  the  example  of  one  Saurian  still 
in  existence,  that  is  perfectly  subterranean — the  Proteus  anguinus,  con- 
cerning which  animal  there  is  so  much  that  is  curious  and  interesting  in 
Sir  H.  Davy's  posthumous  work,  the  Consolations  in  Travel :  and  he  ob- 
serves, *  all  the  circumstances  above  stated,  being  duly  weighed,  and  espe- 
cially the  discovery  of  a  species  in  the  depth  of  the  earth,  related  to  one  of 
the  fossil  ones,  I  trust  that  my  hypothesis  of  a  subterranean  metropolis  for 
the  saurian,  and  perhaps  other  reptiles,  will  not  be  deemed  so  improbable 
and  startling  as  may  at  first  sight  appear.    At  the  same  time  I  would  by 
no  means  be  thought  to  contend  that  none  of  these  animals  are  extinct,  but 
solely  that  all  may  not  be  so,  and  that  their  never  having  been  found  in  a 
recent  state,  may  have  arisen  from  the  peculiar  circumstances  of  their 
situation.' 


•  Dr.  Brinkley  says,  "  The  earth,  upon  an  average,  through  its  whole  sphere,  has 
twice  the  density  of  granite,  or  about  five  times  that  of  water.  Therefore  it  cannot 
be  a  hollow  shell,  as  some  have  formerly  supposed ;  nor  can  its  internal  parts  be  oc- 
cupied by  central  fire  or  water.  The  solid  parts  must  greatly  exceed  the  fluid  parts, 
and  the  probability  is,  that  it  is  a  solid  mass  throughout,  composed  of  substances 
more  ponderous  the  deeper  we  go."— See  Paley's  Nat.  Theology,  cap.  XXII. 


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232  On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  [Sept. 

This  ib  a  delightful  day-dream,  so  to  us  it  appears,  of  an  ingenious  and 
philosophic  mind ;  and  it  is  also  the  result  of  the  endeavours  of  a  truly 
religious  and  devout  feeling,  to  vindicate  the  authority  of  Scripture,  and  to 
reconcile  the  discoveries  of  science  with  the  written  word  of  God.  But 
there  are  some  difficulties  that  arise  to  intercept  our  belief ;  for,  as  Mr. 
Kirby  observes,  the  Hebrew  word,  sometimes  interpreted  dragons,  is  also 
at  others,  very  properly  translated  whales,  sea-calves,  serpents,  and  sharks: 
and,  secondly,  the  fossil  specimens  of  the  Saurian  tribe  which  we  possess, 
point  to  an  age  far  too  remote  to  be  included  in  the  late  catastrophe  of  the 
Mosaic  deluge.    There  are  difficulties,  no  doubt,  that  meet  us  in  Mr. 
M  ante  IT  8  and  other  geologists'  supposition  of  an  age  of  reptiles,  when  the 
Saurian  monsters  were  the  mighty  masters  of  the  primeval  animal  king- 
dom ;  when  the  inegalosauros  was  the  monarch  of  the  antediluvian  world, 
and  when  under  the  pressure  of  a  thick  and  heavy  atmosphere,  and  on  a 
wilderness  of  lakes,  and  fens,  and  morasses,  amid  forests  of  gigantic  reeds 
and  arborescent  ferns,  his  mailed  and  plated  nobles,  of  all  forms  and  sizes, 
accompanied  by  their  flying  footmen  the  pterodactyles,  went  snorting, 
bellowing,  and  basking,  courting  their  unwieldy  and  hideous  wives,  devour- 
ing their  faithful  and  loving  subjects,  and  presenting  a  kind  of  life  that  is 
now  only  realized  in  an  Asiatic  pashalik,  or,  peradventure,  in  the  foul  and 
loathsome  recesses  of  an  Egyptian  harem.    But  we  are  convinced  that  the 
science  of  geology  is  not  sufficiently  advanced  to  enable  us  to  see  our  way 
at  present  through  these  subjects  j  and  whenever  it  does,  we  are  as  fully 
persuaded  that  over  the  disembowelled  caverns  of  the  earth,  and  through 
its  interior  recesses,  and  on  the  fossil  tombs  of  its  departed  tenants,  the 
faithful  Word  of  Scripture,  like  a  "bright  and  constant  star,  will  emerge  in 
its  primaeval  brilliancy  from  the  clouds  that  cover  it,  and  appear  shining 
in  the  unsullied  majesty  of  truth. 

We  had  noted  down  a  great  many  very  curious  and  interesting  subjects, 
most  learnedly  discussed  in  Mr.  Kirby's  treatise,  which  we  meant  to  have 
presented  in  a  convenient  and  brief  form  to  our  readers  j  but  it  would  de- 
mand a  space  far  larger  than  we  have  to  spare  j  and  perhaps  we  should 
not  do  justice  to  a  composition  that  is  sufficiently  attractive  in  itself  to  de- 
mand a  careful  and  continuous  perusal*  We  shall  therefore  turn,  as  we 
approach  our  conclusion,  to  that  part  of  the  treatise  in  the  second  volume 
which  is  appropriated  to  the  consideration  of  instinct.  The  chief  object 
which  Mr.  Kirby  has  in  view,  is  not  to  define  its  limits,  to  account  for  its 
varieties,  or  to  exhibit  its  powers,  but  to  trace  its  origin  or  cause,  and  taking 
it  ont  of  the  hand  of  the  materialist,  to  viudieate  the  interposition  of  the 
Deity.  '  With  regard  to  truly  instinctive  actions  (he  says)  they  invariably 
follow  the  development  of  the  organization — are  neither  the  result  of  in- 
struction, nor  of  observation  and  experience  j  but  the  action  of  some  ex- 
ternal agency  upon  the  organization,  which  is  fitted  by  the  Omniscient 


*  We  allude  to  such  subjects  as  the  discourse  on  minim  animals,  vol.  i.  pp.  152- 
160;  on  coral  formations,  pp.  184-187  ;  on  aggregate  animals,  p.  320;  on  plant- 
like  animals,  pp.  232  and  350 ;  on  bybernating  animals,  p.  289 ;  on  cuttle  fish,  p. 
313  ;  on  the  eye-worm  in  the  perch,  p.  353  ;  and  in  vol.  iL  on  the  moulting  of  the 
cray-fish,  p.  52;  on  the  kangaroo,  p.  175  ;  on  the  pelican,  p.  196;  on  the  arachni- 
dcans,  p.  297  ;  on  ants,  p.  343 ;  on  the  salamander,  p.  424.  These  subjects,  with 
many  others,  will  amply  reward  the  curiosity  of  the  intelligent  student.  Indeed,  Mr. 
Kirby's  and  Dr.  Roget's  volumes  will  be  indispensable  to  the  future  naturalist.  Dr. 
Prout's  and  Dr.  Kidd's  also  are  very  valuable,  and  will  remain  solid  monuments  of 
their  respective  attainments  and  science. 

1 


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1S35.}        On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  233 


Creator  to  respond  to  its  action.'  He  then  considers  whether  the  Deity  acts 
mediately  or  intermediately  ou  the  instinct  of  the  animal  :  and  having  con- 
cluded the  latter,  through  whom :  and  he  proposes  a  belief,  "  that  the 
powers  which  he  made  appear  synonymous  with  the  physical  cherubim  of 
Scripture,  may  be  the  intermediate  agents  which  by  their  action  on  plants 
and  animals,  produce  every  physical  development,  and  instinctive  opera- 
tion." Does  it  seem  incongruous,  he  asks,  if  these  powers,  light,  heat, 
electricity,  and  air,  or  any  modification  of  them,  upon  which  every  animal 
depends  for  life  and  breath,  aud  nutrition  and  growth,  should  be  employed 
by  the  Deity  to  excite  and  direct  them  in  their  instinctive  operations  ?* 
or,  in  other  words,  the  instincts  have  their  beginning  in  consequence  of  the 
action  of  an  intermediate  physical  cause  upon  the  organization  of  the  animal. 
We  consider  this  hypothesis*  as  not  discreditable  to  Mr.  Kirby  as  a  philo- 
sopher, while  it  is  what  we  should  have  expected  from  him  as  a  divine. 
Turning  from  the  cause  or  origin,  to  the  manner  in  which  it  acts,  and  the 
phenomena  it  exhibits,  in  order  to  determine  the  precise  import  of  the 
term,  it  must  not  be  forgotten,f  "  that  the  word  instinct  brings  together  a 
number  of  facts  into  one  class  by  the  assertion  of  a  common  ground,  the 
nature  of  which  ground  it  determines  negatively  only  j  i.  e.  the  word  does 
not  explain  what  this  common  ground  is :  but  simply  indicates  that  there  is 
such  a  ground,  and  that  it  is  different  in  mind  from  that  in  which  the  re- 
sponsible and  consciously  voluntary  actions  of  men  originate. f  Thus,  in 
its  true  and  primary  import,  instinct  stands  in  antithesis  to  reason"  And 
we  fully  feel  the  necessity  of  making  that  distinction  between  reason  and 
understanding  or  intellect,  on  which  Mr*  Coleridge  and  other  writers  have 
so  emphatically  dwelt ;  and  the  ignorance  of  which  has,  as  he  said,  led  to 
the  perplexity  and  contradictory  statements  into  which  so  many  merito- 
rious naturalists  and  popular  writers  on  natural  history  have  fallen  in  on 
this  subject.  Now,  as  the  same  writer  observes,  '  no  one,  except  as  a 
figure  of  speech,  ever  speaks  of  an  animal  reason;  but  that  many  animals 
possess  a  share  of  understanding,  perfectly  distinguishable  from  mere  m- 


*  The  late  Dr.  Darwin,  as  well  as  many  other  naturalists,  hare  attempted  to  trace 
the  motive  and  cause  of  the  instinctive  action :  and  many  fanciful  and  ingenious  hypo- 
theses have  been  started  on  the  subject.  In  considering  the  striking  examples  of  the 
power  of  instinct,  we  must  not  forget  the  wonderful  sensibility  and  acuteness  of  the 
nervous  system  in  animals.  The  eagle  when  so  high  in  '  his  azure  dominion '  as  to 
appear  only  a  speck,  can  descry  a  small  bird,  or  animal,  on  the  ground ;  the  camel 
can  smell  water  at  a  great  distance ;  but  there  are  instances  of  instinct  going  beyond 
what  can  be  presumed  from  any  mere  fineness  or  delicacy  of  the  sensitive  nature :  as 
in  animals,  like  cats,  finding  their  way  back,  when  carried  away  from  home,  confined 
in  a  carriage,  and  in  the  dark,  and  removed  a  considerable  distance.  Mr.  Coleridgo 
calls  irritability  the  proper  seat  of  instinct. 

t  See  Mr.  Coleridge's  Aids  to  Reflection,  p.  235. 

I  How  judiciously  has  Dr.  Paley  drawn  his  example  of  the  instinctive  action,  and 
how  felicitously  is  it  expressed.  *  Moths  and  butterflies  seek  out  for  their  eggs  those 
precise  situations  aud  substances  in  which  the  offspring  caterpillar  will  find  its  appro, 
priate  food.  That  dear  caterpillar  the  parent  butterfly  must  never  see.  There  are 
do  experiments  to  prove  that  she  would  retain  any  knowledge  of  it,  if  she  did.  How 
shall  we  account  for  her  conduct  ?  1  do  not  mean  for  her  art  and  judgment  in  select- 
ing and  securing  a  maintenance  for  her  young,  but  for  the  impulse  upon  which  she 
acts.  What  should  induce  her  to  exert  any  art,  or  judgment,  or  choice,'  about  the 
matter  ?'  The  undisclosed  grub,  the  aDimal  which  she  is  destined  not  to  know,  can 
hardly  be  the  object  of  a  particular  affection.  If  we  deny  the  influence  of  instinct, 
there  is  nothing  therefore  left  to  her  but  that  of  which  her  nature  seems  incapable, 
an  abstract  anxiety  for  the  general  preservation  of  the  species ;  a  kind  of  patriotism, 
a  solicitude  lest  the  butterfly  race  should  cease  from  the  creation.* 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  2  H 


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234  On  the  History,  Habits,  and  Instincts  of  Animals.  [Sept. 


stinct,  wc  all  allow.    Likewise,  we  distinguish  various  degrees  of  under- 
standing, and  even  discover  from  inductions  supplied  by  the  zoologists,  that 
the  understanding  appears  (as  a  general  rule)  in  an  inverse  proportion  to 
the  instinct.    We  hear  little  or  nothing  of  the  instinct  of  the  half- 
reasoning  elephant,*  and  as  little  of  the  understanding  of  the  cater- 
pillars and  butterflies.    But  reason  is  wholly  denied  equally  to  the 
highest  as  well  as  lowest  brutes,  otherwise  it  must  be  wholly  attributed  to 
them,  and  with  it,  therefore,  self-consciousness  and  personality  or  moral 
being.    The  understanding  of  the  higher  brutes  has  only- organs  of  outward 
sense,  and  consequently  material  objects  only ;  but  man's  understanding 
has  likewise  an  organ  of  inward  sense,  and  therefore  the  power  of  acquaint- 
ing itself  with  invisible  realities,  or  spiritual  objects.   This  organ  is  his 
reason.    Again,  the  understanding  and  experience  may  exist  without 
reason  ;  but  reason  cannot  exist  without  understanding.    Under  this  dis- 
tinction we  should  observe  practically  on  the  subject,  that  the  existence 
and  welfare  of  the  animal  creation  is  entrusted  jointly  to  their  instinct  and 
understanding,  each  bestowed  in  various  degrees  ;   that  the  instinctive 
faculty  is  by  no  means  unchangeable  or  infallible,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
it  sometimes  varies,  and  sometimes  falls  into  mistake  and  error,  as  in  the 
instance  which  Mr.  Kirby  gives  of  the  flesh-fly  mistaking  the  blossom  of 
the  stapelia  for  carrion,  the  hen  a  piece  of  chalk  for  an  egg  j  and  he  may 
add  the  instance  given  by  Dr.  Hoget,  of  the  vulture  mistaking  the  skin  of 
an  animal  stuffed  with  hay  for  the  carcase.    Secondly,  as  Mr.  Coleridge 
observes,  a  great  share  of  one,  does  not  necessarily  infer  a  proportionate 
increase  of  the  other ;  and  thirdly,  it  is  not  possible  accurately  to  define 
their  exact  limits,  though  we  acknowledge  their  separate  existence  ; 
or  to  follow  that  sinuous  and  variable  line,  along  which  they  wind  one 
into  the  other,  or  catch  the  first  dawning  streaks  of  intellect,  as  they 
rise  in  faint  flashes  above  the  brute  instinctive  mass.    One  fact  seems  to 
be  established — that  animals  possess  and  profit  by  the  powers  of  memory, 
as  strongly  shown  in  the  horse  and  ass ;  as  in  the  greyhound  and  other 
dogs  j  that  they  learn  much  from  their  close  communication  with  man  ;t 
and  that  (subject  to  some  exceptions)  the  gregarious  animals,  such  as  the 
bee  and  the  ant,  evince  a  superiority  of  intellectual  power  over  the  solitary 
and  secluded.    Among  the  former  insects  there  is  found  a  social  sympathy, 
a  mental  intelligence,  a  division  of  labour,  a  commuuity  of  interest,  a  diver- 
sity of  rank,  a  sagacity  in  overcoming  difficulties,  and  a  sacrifice  of  the 
present  to  the  future — and,  as  in  the  instance  of  the  Amazon  ant,  an  alter- 
ation of  pursuits  and  habits,  consequential  on  a  change  of  external  circum- 
stances—an enjoyment  of  a  kind  of  dignified  repose  from  toil,  when  the 
community  or  corporation  was  powerful  enough  to  substitute  a  slave- 
labour  for  their  own,  from  the  captives  they  took  in  war ;  and,  lastly,  a 


*  The  elephant  is  not  known  to  exhibit  in  his  wild  state  any  superior  sagacity, 
though  by  a  strong  poetic  metaphor  called  '  half-reasoning'  when  in  captivity ;  whereas 
the  fox,  whose  astuteness  and  policy  are  quite  proverbial  in  the  forest,  when  in 
bondage  is  known  to  be  the  most  stupid  and  unteachable  of  all  animals.  No  one  ever 
heard  of  a  learned  fox.    The  wolf  also,  ceasing  to  be  savage,  becomes  stupid. 

t  A  poodle-dog,  trained  up  by  Professor  Blumenbach  at  Gottingen,  not  only 
hatched  the  eggs  of  the  hen  with  all  the  mother's  care  and  patience,  but  attended  the 
chickens  afterwards,  and  found  food  for  them.  Mr.  Coleridge  knew  a  Newfoundland- 
dog  who  watched  and  guarded  a  family  of  young  children  with  all  the  intelligence  of  a 
nurse,  during  their  walks.  See  the  Friend,  vol.  i.  p.  268.  We  may  add  some  of  Mr. 
Ducrow's  horses  to  these  examples ;  and  some  examples  given  in  Mr.  Jesse's  interest- 
ing volumes  of  Gleanings. 


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Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


friendly  disposition  gradually  taking  place  of  their  original  enmity  towards 
their  subjects,  and  showing  itself  in  every  way,  except  granting  them  their 
freedom.    To  arrive  at  any  just  and  satisfactory  results  on  these  inquiries, 
demands  most  accurate  and  extensive  habits  of  observation,  and  most 
cautious  and  sound  principles  of  induction.    Nature  never  acts  by  line  and 
rule  :  she  has,  what  Cicero  calls,  her  insatiable  variety.    The  field  of  her 
operations  is  almost  boundless,  and  the  manner  in  which  her  gigantic  labo- 
ratory is  carried  on,  is  often  too  vast  for  our  comprehension,  too  compli- 
cated for  our  dissection.    How  very  few  of  her  final  causes  do  we  know 
among  the  numbers  that  exist.    How  can  we  tell  whether  the  ends  she  has 
i  i  view  are  near  or  remote;  single  or  associated,  as  we  follow  the  con- 
tinuous line  of  the  means  she  uses,  through  their  long  and  prospective 
progress.    These  observations  are  not  said  in  discouragement,  but  in  cau- 
tion ;  the  richer  and  more  variegated  the  field  of  inquiry,  the  greater  should 
be  our  industry,  and  the  more  satisfactory  will  be  our  success  ;  6Vov  ttXWwk 
kotos  ko\v  kepbos.    And  we  must  never  forget  the  sound  remark  of  Dr. 
Paley,  that  it  is  a  mistake  to  suppose,  in  reasoning  from  the  appearances 
of  nature,  that  the  imperfections  of  our  knowledge  proportionally  affects 
the  certainty  of  our  conclusion  ;  for  in  many  cases  it  does  not  affect  it 
at  all.     If  pursued,  as  Mr.  Kirby  has  pursued  this  and  all  the  other 
congenial  subjects,  with  an  intelligent  mind,  and  with  an  honest  and  good 
heart,  we  shall  not  only  be  richly  rewarded  when  we  succeed,  but  compen- 
sated even  when  we  fail ;  and  we  shall  adopt  with  him,  as  the  interpreter 
of  nature,  the  only  correct  method  of  investigation, — '  ut  neque  rclligio 
ulla  sine  sapientia  suscipienda  sit ;  neque  ulla,  6ine  relligione,  probanda 
sapientia.' 


DIARY  OF  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 
(Continued  from  vol.  III.  p.  574.) 
1810. 

July  27.  Read  Mr.  Copleston's  attack*  on  the  Edinburgh  Reviewers. 
Had  he  not  been  seduced,  by  the  example  of  his  opponents,  into  a  ridi- 
culous attempt  at  fine  writing,  he  might  nave  inflicted  a  deep  wound  j  for 
they  have  laid  themselves  open,  in  some  of  their  Latin  criticisms  and  emen- 
dations, by  an  affectation  of  erudition  which  they  do  not  possess.  What 
be  remarks  on  the  danger  of  any  leading  principle  gaining  in  speculation 
an  exclusive  hold  on  the  attention,  as  applied  to  the  wealth  of  nations, 
which,  though  the  chief,  is  by  no  means  the  sole  object  of  political 
o?conomy,  appears  perfectly  just.  On  the  whole,  this  attack,  though  the 
Reviewers  may  attempt  to  disdain  it,  will  have  a  beneficial  effect,  in 
repressing  that  audacious  rashness  which  conscious  superiority  and  perpe- 
tual triumph  have  an  invincible  tendency  to  generate. 

*  la  the  Diary,  Oct.  2,  Mr.  Green  says,  "  The  Reviewers  have  certainly  brought 
themselves  into  much  difficulty  by  their  hasty  and  intemperate  attack  on  Oxford,  and 
particularly  by  their  attempted  display  of  classical  attainment.  They  will  find  it  diffi- 
cult to  recover  the  ground  which  they  have  lost  in  public  esteem.' '  See  Mr.  Coleridge's 
Table  Talk,  vol.  ii.  p.  348.  44  We  got  upon  the  Oxford  Controversy,  and  he  was 
decidedly  of  opinion  that  there  could  be  no  doubt  of  Copleston's  complete  victory. 
He  thought  the  Review  had  chosen  its  points  of  attack  ill,  as  there  must  doubtless  be 
in  everr  institution  so  old,  much  to  reprehend  and  to  carp  at.  On  the  other  hand,  he 
thoojrht  that  Copleston  had  not  been  so  severe  or  hard  upon  them  as  he  might  have 
been-  but  he  admired  the  critical  part  of  the  work,  which  he  thought  very  highly 
valuable,  independently  of  the  controversy."— Edit. 


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236  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  [Sept. 

Aug.  3.  Drank  tea,  and  spent  the  evening  at  Reveley's ;  two  ladies 
there,  who  had  been  travelling  through  England  and  Scotland  for  two 
years,  Miss  White  and  Miss  Saundcrson.    Spoke  highly  of  the  society  of 
Edinburgh.    Walter  Scott  very  companionable  and  pleasant.    He  praised 
Campbell's  poetry  highly,  and  recited  passages  with  great  fervour.  Bore 
the  critiques  of  the  Edinburgh  Review  upon  him  with  good  humour. 
"  They  must  take  me  as  they  find  me,"  he  remarked,  "  with  all  my  infir- 
mities.   I  can  only  draw  pictures  as  they  strike  me."    His  wife  much 
vexed  at  the  manner  in  which  her  husband  was  treated.    Jeffery  they 
found  lively  but  satirical.    Scott  involved  in  business,  which  occupies  a 
large  portion  of  his  time,  and  giving  much  of  the  remainder  to  society. 
Miss  Edgeworth,  they  found,  quite  unaffected,  and  rich  in  thought,  but 
with  not  much  knowledge  of  refined  life. 

Aug.  10.  Reflected  on  Paley's  argument  in  his  Natural  Theology, 
which  I  have  just  finished.    Were  there  nothing  in  the  appearance  of 
nature  but  what  might  be  accounted  for  from  the  operation  of  any  prin- 
ciple, and  of  any  set  of  principles,  acting  mechanically  and  blindly — were 
there  nothing  for  instance  but  uniformity  and  order  in  the  world,  were  all 
material  objects  merely  crystallized  into  regular  shapes— cubes,  spheres, 
cylinders,  &c.  or  their  parts  otherwise  curiously  disposed,  as  in  the  rami- 
fications of  the  Arbor  Dianae,  &c.  I  confess  I  should  see  in  such  phce- 
nomena  no  sufficient  proof  of  a  Deity  j  since,  notwithstanding  Clarke  and 
Baxter's  demonstrations,  I  am  unable  to  discover  why  it  is  not  as  easy  to 
conceive  the  eternal  existence  of  matter,  and  active  principles  competent 
to  such  ends  acting  on  matter,  as  of  a  Supreme  Intelligence  ;  but  when  we 
behold  such  marks  of  contrivance  as  Paley  has  pointed  out, — clear, 
obvious,  and  irrefragable, — such  an  exquisite  adaptation  not  only  of  means 
to  ends,  but  of  means  to  means,  and  ends  to  ends,  and  such  various  diffi- 
culties arising  from  the  ordinary  qualities  of  matter,  so  skilfully  overcome 
in  the  adjustment, — the  mind  is  irresistibly  impelled  to  ascribe  this 
arrangement  to  some  principle  which  comprehended  the  bearing  and  rela- 
tion of  the  parts  out  of  which  it  is  composed — to  intelligence.    And  this, 
not  merely  because  we  have  observed  similar  effects  to  proceed  from  simi- 
lar causes,  in  human  operations,  but  independently  of  all  such  experience, 
on  a  simple  view  of  the  case— the  quality  of  the  materials  out  of  which 
the  animal  and  vegetable  productions  of  nature  are  wrought,  and  the  con- 
struction of  those  productions  formed  of  them,  and  the  instinctive  convic- 
tion that  every  effect  must  proceed  from  a  cause  adequate  to  its  produc- 
tion. 

Aug.  15.  Read  some  of  Hume  on  the  Passions,  in  which  he  applies  his 
doctrine  of  the  necessity  of  a  double  relation  of  ideas  and  impressions  (of 
ideas  to  the  object  of  the  passion,  and  of  sensation  to  the  passion  itself), 
to  the  passions  of  love  and  hatred,  whose  object  is  not  self,  but  some 
other  person:— and  institutes  (ostentatiously  I  think,  in  imitation  of  the 
Baconian  process  in  physics)  various  experiments  in  confirmation  of  his 
theory.   He  afterwards  considers,  in  the  same  way,  the  secondary  passions 
of  benevolence  and  anger,— pity,  malice,   and  envy,— their  mixture, 
respect — and  contempt — and  the  sexual  passion.    The  mind  has  certain 
organs  naturally  fitted  to  produce  a  passion  ;  which  passion,  when  pro- 
duced, naturally  turns  the  view  to  a  certain  object;  but  this  not  being  suf- 
ficient to  produce  the  passion,  there  is  required  some  other  emotion,  which 
by  a  double  relation  of  ideas  and  impressions,  may  set  those  principles  in 
action.    I  have  never  met  with  a  doctrine  so  difficult  to  apprehend. 
Sept.  10.  Some  one  happily  observes  of  a  note  in  Sydnev  Smith  s  Visita- 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Uiary  of  a  Lover  of  Literatare. 


237 


tion  Sermon,  "  that  he  seems  as  if  be  considered  his  creed  as  a  sort  of 
nauseous  medicine,  which  could  only  be  taken  off  at  a  draught  j  and  looks 
round  for  applause  at  the  heroic  effort  by  which  he  has  drained  the  cup  to 
its  lowest  dregs.'*  The  censure  of  the  Quarterly  Review  (No.  2)  on  S. 
Smith's  Sermons,  does  not  appear  more  severe  than  just  j  this  writer, 
however  forcible  as  a  reviewer,  in  original  composition  seems  flashy  and 
superficial. 

Sept.  13.  Finished  '  An  Answer  to  the  Duchess  of  Marlborough's 
account  of  her  transactions  with  Queen  Mary  and  Queen  Anne,'  opening 
much  of  the  secret  history  of  the  period.    It  is  written  with  considerable 
power,  yet  it  only  makes  out  that  the  Duchess  was  jealous  of  the  tran- 
scendant  sway  which  she  had  gained  over  Queen  Anne  j  that  she  abused 
it  somewhat  in  the  plenitude  of  her  ascendancy,  and  that  when  on  the 
wane  she  sought  to  regain  it  by  debasing  importunities  ;  but  who,  similarly 
circumstanced,  could  throw  the  first  stone.    The  author,  though  no  Whig, 
and  a  friend  to  Harley,  remarks,  p.  246,  "  We  have  the  most  alarming 
proof  imaginable  of  the  influence  of  ministers  in  our  elections  j  when  they 
would  have  Tories  returned,  we  return  Tories  ;  when  they  would  have 
Whigs  returned,  we  return  Whigs  j  so  that  in  fact  the  Court  is  repre- 
sented rather  than  the  people.    What  wonder  then,  that  the  supplies  are 
always  granted,  and  that  grievances  are  never  redressed."    The  freedom 
with  which  the  Duke  of  Marlborough  and  Lord  Godolphin  remonstrate 
with  the  Queen  in  their  letters,  is  very  remarkable.    If  it  wanted  any 
proof,  the  friendship  between  Queen  Anne  and  the  Duchess  of  Marlbo- 
rough would  show,  that  friendship  between  a  sovereign  and  a  subject, 
however  fervently  desired,  is  quite  impracticable  ;  the  Queen's  letters  to 
the  Duke  on  his  victories,  are  highly  gracious.    Why  should  not  George 
the  Third  have  written  such  to  Lord  Nelson  ?    How  cheap  a  reward  I 

Sept.  16.   Ascended  the  rocky  heights  beyond  Llewiddock.  Sweet 
views  up  and  down  the  vale,  and  to  the  mountain  scenery  beyond.  Re- 
flected, as  I  walked,  on  Hume's  positions  (v.  Sept.  9  Journal.)    Paley,  I 
think,  has  clearly  made  out,  that  not  only  the  being  and  continuance,  but 
the  wellbeing  and  happiness  of  animated  nature,  have  been  consulted  in  the 
structure  of  the  universe.   The  incentive  of  pain  seems  merely  introduced 
as  a  prompt  and  forcible  warning  of  danger,  though  it  must  be  confessed 
that  the  admonition  is  sometimes  given  where  escape  is  impossible.  So 
multitudinous  a  system  probably  demanded  general  laws  to  regulate  it. 
Certainly  the  government  of  it,  by  particular  volitions,  confounds  the 
imagination  in  the  conception  j  and  the  particular  springs  in  the  move- 
ment of  the  machine,  are  certainly  so  adjusted  as  in  general  to  effectuate 
their  purposes  with  great  accuracy,  though  subject  to  occasional  aberra- 
tions, to  excesses  and  defects  of  action  ;  which  by  disturbing  the  general 
harmony,  and  drawing  our  particular  attention,  appear  far  more  numerous 
and  important  than  they  really  are.    Four  hypotheses  have  been  proposed 

by  concerning  the  first  causes  of  the  Universe :  1 .  That  they  are 

endowed  with  perfect  goodness.  2.  That  they  have  perfect  malice.  3. 
That  they  are  opposite,  and  have  both  goodness  and  malice.  4.  That 
they  have  neither  goodness  nor  malice.  Mixt  phenomena  he  contends 
can  never  prove  the  two  former ;  and  the  uniformity  and  steadiness  of 
general  laws  oppose  the  third  3  but  all  nature  cries  out  against  the  fourth. 
The  immense  preponderance  of  good  over  ill,  not  only  in  design  but 
effect,  and  the  obvious  ascription  of  much  of  the  ill  which  does  obtain,  to 
the  guardianship  of  that  good,  is  indeed  a  mixt  phoenomenon,  but  one 


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Loudon's  Arboretum  Britannicum. 


[Sept. 


which  can  never  indicate  indifference*  The]  character  of  Paley  as  a 
writer  is  finely  given  in  the  third  number  of  the  Quarterly  Review ; 
though  perhaps  they  have  been  misled  by  the  facility  of  his  manner,  not 
sufficiently  to  appreciate  his  merits. 

Sept.  29.  Dipped  into  Malthus.  He  considers  (note  C.  8,  6,  3)  a  land 
tax  on  improved  rents  as  an  obvious,  easy,  and  most  beneficial  commuta- 
tion for  tithes  ;  and  is  surprised  that  it  has  not  been  adopted.  He  dis- 
tinguishes between  the  wealth,  though  strictly  connected,  and  the  happi- 
ness of  nations,  which  he  considers  as  principally  composed  of  a  command 
of  the  comforts  and  necessaries  of  life,  and  the  possession  of  health :  and 
he  contends  that  in  a  nation  rich  chieBy  in  agricultural  produce,  the  poor 
would  live  in  greater  plenty,  and  population  increase  far  more  rapidly, 
than  in  one  equally  rich,  but  rich  chiefly  in  manufactures. 

Oct*  7.  Finished  Sir  William  Hamilton's  Observations  on  Vesuvius  and 
iEtna.  He  is  but  a  poor  writer,  and  his  attempts  at  philosophical  conjec- 
ture are  ridiculous :  but  he  relates  facts  which  he  had  seen,  and  the  topic 
which  he  treats  of  is  highly  interesting. 

Oct.  24.  Gave,  not  1  confess  without  some  flutterings  of  an  author,  a 
hasty  glance  over  the  critique  on  my  Diary,  in  the  Quarterly  Review.  If 
they  have  not  seized  and  displayed,  as  I  think  they  have  not,  the  distin- 
guishing merit  of  my  work,  in  revenge  they  have  not  exposed  its  really 
weak  points.  They  have  indeed  attacked  points  apparently  weak  from 
the  slight  manner  in  which  they  have  been  touched,  but  I  think  with  little 
effect.  They  seem  to  consider  it  as  absurd  that  I  should  expect  a  revela- 
tion from  God  to  be  clear  and  evident,  on  the  principle  that  in  such  a 
case  the  chief  probation  of  the  world  would  be  taken  away.  Good  God  ! 
as  if  there  were  not  sufficient  trial  in  obeying  the  practical  moral  precepts 
of  religion  j  and  as  if,  regarding  this  life  as  it  is  more  judiciously  regarded, 
as  a  state  of  training  as  well  as  trial,  it  did  not  appear  unreasonable  to 
exact,  as  a  necessary  qualification  for  another  stage  of  existence,  a  virtue, 
the  essence  of  which  consists  in  yielding  an  assent  disproportionate  to  the 
evidence,  and  which  can  have  no  longer  being  in  the  place  to  which  it 
couducts.    So  much  for  the  present 


Loudon's  Arbobetum  Britannicum,  Nos.  V.  VI. 


Heureux  qui  dans  le  sein  de  sea  dieux  domes- 
tiques, 

Se  derobe  au  fracas  des  tern  petes  publiques, 
Etdansundouxabri,  troinpaut  tous  k»s  regards, 
Cult  i ve  ses  jardms.  De  Li  llb. 

MR.  LOUDON  proceeds  in  his  work 
to  give  a  very  interesting  account  of 
the  introduction  of  foreign  trees  into 
England  during  the  last  century,  di- 
vided into  periods  of  ten  years.  The 
result  of  the  whole  is,  that  of  the  nearly 
500  hardy  trees  and  shrubs  introduced, 
103  are  from  the  Continent  of  Europe, 
300  from  North  America,  3  from  Chili, 
13  from  China,  6  from  Japan,  2  from 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  33  from  Si- 
beria, 2  from  Tartary,  1  from  Egypt, 
2  from  Morocco,  1  from  Aleppo,  1 
from  Barbary,  and  the  remaining  few 


chiefly  from  Asia.  Mr.  Loudon  then 
proceeds  to  the  introduction  of  foreign 
trees  and  plants  into  Scotland ;  in 
which  it  is  asserted  by  Dr.  Walker, 
that  the  Sycamore  (acer  pseudo-plata- 
nus)  was  among  the  earliest  that  were 
brought  from  abroad ;  though  he  is 
uncertain  when  it  was  first  introduced. 
We  are  glad  this  point  is  stated  on 
such  good  authority,  as  though  we  had 
no  doubt  ourselves  of  its  not  being  a 
native  of  this  country,  we  have  met 
with  many  who  were  strongly  opposed 
to  us  in  opinion.*    It  appears  that  a 


*  We  have  long  been  surprised  that  the 
Acer  platanoides  (the  Norway  maple)  is  so 
little  cultivated  in  England.  It  is  as  hardy 
and  as  easy  of  culture  as  the  sycamore ;  is 


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230 


sweet  chesnut  at  Finhaven  teas  both 
the  largest  tree  found  in  Scotland,  and 
the  first  planted  by  art.  In  1744,  it 
measured  42  feet  8  J  inches  in  circum- 
ference, and  appears  to  have  been 
planted  about  500  years  since.  The 
cedar  of  Lebanon  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  introduced  into  Scotland, 
till  after  it  had  been  known  in  England 
for  a  century  ;  this  is  rather  remark- 
able. Mr.  Loudon's  Account  of  An- 
drew Heron,  and  of  his  seat  of  Bar- 
gaily,  is  of  the  highest  interest  to  the 
lover  of  plants. 

From  Monteith's  Forest  Guide,  we 
give  the  dimensions  of  two  of  the  most 
valuable  trees  in  Scotland. 

1.  Large  plane  (t.  e.  sycamore)  at 
Kippin  ross,  Perthshire,  the  property 
of  John  Stirling,  measured,  on  the  29th 
May,  1821,  contains  875  feet  2  inches 
cubic. 

Girth  29  feet  6  inches. 

  18  feet,  4  feet  up. 

  26  feet,  12  feet  up, 

One  of  the  branches  above  the  cleft,  21 
feet.  The  circumference  of  the  ground 
covered  by  the  branches,  276  feet.  It 
went  by  the  name  of  the  *  Big  Tree*  in 
the  time  of  Charles  II. 

2.  Ash  tree  at  Carnock  House,  Stir- 
ling, the  property  of  M.  S.  Nicholson, 
Esq.  679  cubic  feet.  Nearly  the  largest 
in  Scotland,  and  grows  on  a  light  soil. 

Girth  30  feet. 

■        21  at  two  feet  high. 

We  will  also  give  Mr.  Loudon  the 
dimensions  of  that  most  magnificent 
tree  at  Knowle  Park,  which  was  mea- 
sured for  us  a  few  weeks  past :  and 
which  is  the  largest  undecayed  and  en- 
tire beech  in  the  kingdom. 

Ft.  In. 

Circumference  of  the  stem,  6 
inches  from  the  ground,    •    39  5 

 1  foot  6  inches  above   -    30  9 

- —  4  feet  above  *  -     -     -    25  0 

•  7  feet  above    -     -     -    28  1 

One  spiral  limb,  14  feet  from 

the  ground    -     -     -     -    15  0 
Mean  height    -     -     -     -    89  0 
Circumference  of  ground  cover- 
ed by  branches    -     -     .  347  0 

said  to  bear  the  violent  sea-winds  better 
than  any  other  tree  ;  and  while  its  leaf  is 
as  delicately  cut  and  almost  as  beautiful  as 
that  of  the  Eastern  plane,  in  the  spring  it 
i*  covered  with  rich  tassels  of  yellow 
flowers  ;  and  in  the  autumn  its  dying  fo- 
liage assumes  a  beautiful  orange  hue. 


Mr.  Loudon  ought  to  have  that  fine 
beech-tree  on  Carhampton  Down,  near 
Bishop's  Waltham,  in  Hants,  mea- 
sured. It  is  both  gigantic  and  beau- 
tiful ;  as  well  as  three  near  it  at  Rose 
Hill,  Lord  Northesk's.  The  first  is 
the  property  of  Mr.  Pen  ruddock  Wind- 
ham, of  Salisbury.  It  is  so  straight 
and  so  entire  as  not  to  have  lost  the 
smallest  branch,  and  is  in  full  luxuri- 
ance of  growth. 

From  Scotland  Mr.  Loudon  passes 
to  Ireland,  and  has  given  us  a  more 
copious  and  satisfactory  account  of  the 
trees  introduced  into  that  country 
than  ever  had  been  collected  before ; 
and  we  have  no  doubt  but  that  our 
readers,  like  ourselves,  will  be  sur- 
prised as  well  with  the  curiosity  and 
value  of  the  trees,  as  with  the  extra- 
ordinary rapidity  of  their  growth.  In- 
deed, the  rich  soil,  humid  atmosphere, 
and  mild  genial  climate  of  the  South 
of  Ireland  is  far  more  favourable  to 
vegetation  than  any  part  of  England,  or 
probably  any  country,  until  we  arrive 
at  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean. 

As  it  is  our  anxious  wish  to  assist, 
as  far  as  we  are  abIe,Mr.  Loudon's  most 
able  and  useful  work,  we  shall  give 
him,  what  we  hope  he  will  esteem  a 
valuable  addition  to  his  collections  of 
the  pinus  and  abics,  viz.  a  catalogue 
of  the  pines  at  Sir  C.  Monck's,  at  Bel- 
say,  Northumberland,  and  he  may  de- 
pend on  its  accuracy.  The  few  that 
are  marked  with  a  cross  ( x  )  are  not 
there. 

1.  Pinus  sylvestris.    Scotch  fir. 

2.  —  sylv".  Genevensis.  Geneva 

variety. 

3.  —  pinaster.    Chester  pine. 

4.  — maritima.    Maritime  pine  of 

the  Mediterranean. 

5.  —  pinea.    Stone  pine. 

6.  —  Haleppensis.    Aleppo  pine. 

7.  — uncinata.    Crooked  pine. 

8.  —  variabilis.    Two  and  three 

leaved  pine. 

9.  —  pumilio.    Dwarf  pine. 

10.  —  mughus.    Mugho  pine. 

11.  — lariccio.    Corsican  pine. 

12.  —  resinosa.    Pitch  pine,  x 

13.  —  Banksiana.    Hudson's  Bay 

pine. 

14.  —  mitis.    Yellow  pine. 

15.  —  inops.    New  Jersey  pine. 

16.  —Nov.  Zealandix.  New  Zea- 

land pine. 

17.  —  ponderosa.    Heavy  pine. 


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Loudon  s  Arboretum  Britannicum. 


[Sept. 


18.  — Altaic*.    Pine  from  Altaic 

mountains. 

19.  — Armeniaca.  Armenian  pine. 

20.    Pine  from  Guadar- 

raraa. 

21.  — palustris.    Swamp  pine. 

22.  — longifolia.  Longleaved  pine,  x 

23.  —  taeda.    Frankincense  pine. 

24.  —  garardiana. 

25.  —  sabiniana 

26.  —  sabiniana  var. 
27»  —  monticula.  x 

28.  —  nobilis. 

29.  —  insignis. 

30.  —  Hispanica.    Spanish  pine. 
The  above  thirty  kinds  have  two  or 

three  leaves  in  a  sheath. 

31.  —  strobus.   Weymouth  pine. 

32.  —  excelsa.    Tall  pine  of  Ne- 

paul.  x 

33.  —  Cembra.    Cembra  pine. 
These  have  five  leaves  in  a  sheath, 

cones  scaled  and  not  tortoiscshelled. 

34.  —  nigra.    Black  spruce. 

35.  —  alta.    White  spruce. 

36.  —  rubra.    Red  spruce. 

37.  —  Riga.    Spruce  from  Riga. 

38.  —  abies.    Horny  spruce. 

39.  —  morinda.   Lord  Hopetown's 

deodara. 

40.  —  Clanbrassiliana.  Lord  Clan- 

brassel's  pine. 
These  are  the  spruces,  and  have  the 
leaves  single,  square  or  round,  unequal 
in  length,  set  round  the  branches. 
Cones  pendulous,  scaled,  but  nut  tor- 
toiseshelled. 

41.  — pectinata.    Silver  fir. 

42.  —  spectabilis. — Shewy  fir. 

43.  — Balsamea.  BalmofGileadfir. 

44.  —  Siberica,  or  pichta.  Sibe- 

rian fir. 

45.  —  Fraseri.    Fraser's  fir. 

46.  —  taxifolia.   Douglas's  fir. 
These  are  the  silver  firs,  and  have 

fiat  leaves  in  rows  on  two  sides  of  the 
branches,  streaked  on  their  under  side. 
Cones  erect  on  the  branches,  scaled, 
but  not  tortoise-shelled ;  when  the  seeds 
are  ripe,  the  scales  fall,  and  leave  the 
axis  standing  on  the  branch. 

47.  Pinuscedrus.  Cedar  of  Lebanus. 

48.  —  deodora.    Indian  god  tree. 

49.  —  larix.    European  larch. 

50.  —  pendula.    Black  larch. 

51.  —  microcorpa.    Red  larch. 
These  have  leaves  in  branches,  cones 

scaled  and  erect. 

52.  Pinus  Canadensis.  Hemlock 

spruce. 
2 


This  has  leaves  like  the  silver  firs, 
and  the  cones  like  the  spruces. 

It  is  our  intention  to  give  a  list  of 
the  pines  at  Dropmore  in  our.  next  re- 
view of  Mr.  Loudon.  And  we  shall 
close  our  present  with  an  extract  from 
a  very  interesting  letter  from  Dr.  W al- 
lien, dated  Calcutta,  25th  Nov.  1833. 

44  The  packet  and  phials  contain  per- 
fectly fresh  and  good  seeds  of  the  most 
desirable  and  desired  tree — the  deodara, 
or  Himalaya  cedar  (see  No.  48  of  our 
list),  called  by  Dr.  Roxburgh,  pinus  deo- 
dara. The  tree  is  fully  equal  to  the  cedar 
of  Lebanon  in  stateliness,  and  it  exceeds 
it  in  the  fragrance  of  its  wood,  which  is 
incredibly  durable.  The  seeds  were  sent 
over  to  me  from  the  northern  mountains 
of  Kumaou,  and  so  healthy  and  perfect 
are  they,  that  those  which  I  sowed  soon 
after  their  arrival  in  this  month,  com- 
menced springing  up  in  ten  days  after  be- 
ing put  into  the  ground.  I  cannot  pre- 
tend to  judge  of  the  mode  and  period  of 
sowing  these  seeds,  but  I  should  think 
they  ought  to  be  committed  to  the  ground 
immediately  on  their  coming  to  their  de- 
stination. Permit  me  to  observe,  that  if 
you  should  like  to  have  particular  direc- 
tions relative  to  the  best  mode  of  proceed- 
ing in  regard  to  the  deodara  seeds,  now 
forwarded,  a  line  addressed  to  Professor 
Lindley  would,  I  am  sure,  be  cheerfully 
attended  to." 

From  another  letter,  Dec.  1833  : 

11  Thedeodara  is  of  all  others  the  most  de- 
sir  able  tree  to  be  introduced  into  England ; 
I  repeat  that  it  is  equal  in  magnificence  to 
the  Lebanon  cedar,  and  far  superior  to  it  in 
the  fragrance  of  its  wood.  The  tree  will 
stand  the  climate  of  the  North  of  Europe 
beyond  all  doubt,  and  the  seeds  are  so 
fresh,  that  they  commenced  germinating 
with  me  in  the  open  ground  in  ten  days, 
and  under  glass  in  my  room  in  eight  days. 
They  should  be  previously  steeped  for  two 
or  three  days  in  water.  I  expect  that 
entire  cones  will  arrive  soon ;  they  will 
be  still  better*  adapted  to  be  sent  home 
than  the  seeds  in  their  detached  state. 
Still,  I  am  sure  that  the  latter  placed  in 
phials,  as  I  have  done  with  those  already 
forwarded,  will  do  well." 

B— U.  J.  M. 

•  Since  this  letter  was  written  we  have 
seen  the  cones  of  the  deodara  which  have 
been  forwarded  to  England.  The  young 
trees  may  be  seen  at  Dropmore,  at  the 
Horticultural,  at  Mr.  Harrison's  at 
Cheshunt,  at  the  Duke  of  Devonshire's 
at  Chiswick,  and  other  places.  The  fo- 
liage appears  of  a  lighter  hue  than  that 
of  the  cedar  of  Lebanon. 


Digitized  by  Google 


241 


RICHMOND  SOCIETY  OF  ARCHERS. 

Mr.  Urban,  the  second  black,  the  third  blue,  the 

AS  you  occasionally  devote  a  few  fourth  red,  and  the  centre  gold.  The 

pages  to  the  commemoration  of  feats  first  prize,  the  silver  arrow,  was  won 

of  Archery,  I  send  you  herewith  an  by  Mr.  Crowe,  by  placing  the  first 

account  of  the   Richmond   Society,  arrow  in  the  gold,  which  entitles  him 

which  has  now  existed  for  one  hundred  to  the  custody  of  the  arrow  and  to  the 

and  sixty  years,  and  their  records  are  honorary  title  of  captain  of  archers  for 

m  tolerable  order  and  preservation,  the  year  ensuing.    The  second  prize 

In  the  year  1673,  Henry  Calverley,  of  was  the  subscription  silver  cup,  value 

Eryholrae,  Esq.,  in  the  county  of  York,  about  seventeen  guineas  this  year,  and 

is  said  to  have  given  the  Silver  Arrow  he  holds  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  by 

to  tbe  Society  of  Archers,  which  is  still  placing  the  most  centrical  arrow  in  the 

in  their  custody,  and  rules  and  regula-  gold,  during  the  days  of  shooting, 

tions  were  then  agreed  upon  at  Scorton  There  is  also  a  captain  of  numbers,  a 

for  the  regulation  of  "  tbe  shooting."  lieutenant  of  numbers,  a  lieutenant  of 

The  first  rule  regulates  the  sum  to  the  arrow,  gained  by  placing  the  first 


be  deposited;  the  second,  that  the 
place  of  shooting  "  shall  always  he 
within  six  miles*  of  Erihotme,"  unless 
otherwise  resolved  by  the  majority. 
The  third  rule  regulates  the  colours  of 
the  targets ;  the  fourth,  the  distance  to 


arrow  in  the  red ;  and  last  of  all,  the 
"  spooney,"  by  placing  the  lastarrow 
in  the  white,  by  which  he  gained  the 
ancient  horn  spoon,  on  which  is  in- 
scribed "  Risum  teneatis,  amici  V 

X.  Y. 


be  at  least  "  eight  score  yards,"  and    The  foilowing  U  a  tht  of  0fficera  from 


not  nearer  than  sixty  yards.  Fifth, 
he  who  first  hits  the  gold  to  be  cap- 
tain, and  shall  "  enjoy  all  the  privilege 
due  and  belonging  to  that  office  during 
the  year  ensuing;"  but  he  must  bring 
the  arrow  to  the  next  annual  meeting. 


the  first  foundation  to  the  present 
period,  with  the  respective  places  of 
meeting : 

A.D.     Captain*  and  Lieutenants.  Places. 

1673.  H .  Calverley ,  esq.  ;W. Wheatley,— Scor 

1674.  Geo.  Dobson ;  Geo.  Dobson  —Barton 


&c.   The  sixth  regulates  the  manner    1«75.  S.Birkbeck;{?;^e^Jn}-Eriholme 


of  shooting.  The  seventh  imposes  a 
fine  for  swearing, — "  for  as  much  as 
the  exercise  of  archery  is  lawful,  laud- 
able, healthful,  and  innocent,  and  to 
the  end  that  God's  holy  name  may  not 
be  dishonoured  by  any  of  that  society, 
it  is  agreed  and  hereby  declared,  that 
if  any  one  of  them  shall  that  day  curse 
or  swear  in  the  hearing  of  any  of  that 
company,  and  the  same  proved  before 
the  captain  and  lieutenant,  he  shall 
forthwith  pay  down  one  shilling,  and 
so  proportionably  for  every  oath,"  &c. 
for  the  use  of  the  poor. 

These  rules  have  continued  with 
little  variation  to  the  present  day.  A 
iobscription  is  made  amongst  the  mem- 
bers for  a  second  prize,  generally  of  a 
silver  cup.  And  an  account  of  the  last 
"shooting,"  at  Middleton-one-Row, 
will  show  how  the  prizes  are  awarded. 

Five  pairs  of  targets  were  set  up, 
the  distance  between  one  shooting 
point  and  another  being  102  yards ; 
that  is  two  yards  being  allowed  for  the 
stand,  and  100  yards  for  the  flight  of 
the  arrow.  The  outer  circle  was  white, 

♦  Extended  to  twenty  miles,  1823. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


1676.  T.  Dodsworth,  esq. ;  S.  Birkbeck— Croft 

1677.  John  Dawson ;  S.  Birkbeck  —Croft 
167S.  Leo.  Brakenbury;  L.  Squire—  Melsonby 

1679.  John  Murton ;  John  Dawson— Melsonby 

1680.  Thos.  Gyll;  Loft  us  Squire  —Melsonby 

1681.  N.Thompson;  L.Brakenbury- Barton 
1682. 

1683.  T.Garthom;  Nicli. Cole, esq. — Eriholme 

1684.  P.Etherington ;  P.Etherington- Eriholme 
1683.  R.  Wilkinson;  R.  Marshall— Eriholme 

1686.  R.  Grimstone ;  John  Sadler  —Eriholme 

1687.  L.  Brakenbury;  P.Robinson-Melsonby 

1688.  R.Grimston ;  P.  Etherinfcton— Melsonby 

1689.  L.  Brakenbury;  J-  Lawson  —Melsonby 

1690.  L.Brakenbury; N.Thompson--Melsonby 

1691.  W.  Garthorn;  J.  Pilkinjrton—  Melsonby 

1692.  R.  Steadman;  Geo.  Hartley  —Darlington 

1693.  Geo.  Hartley;  Geo.  Trotter  — Barton 

1694.  Geo.  Hartley;  Geo.  Trotter  —Eriholme 

1695.  M.  Hartley ;  L.  Brakenbury  —Melsonby 

1696.  Mann.  Hartley ;  Thos.  Gyll  —Barton 

1697.  Will.  Raino;  Will.  Raine-MiddletonTyaa 
1698. 

1699. 

1700.  M.  Hartley;  Thomas  Gyll  —Barton 
1701. 

1702.  Rob.  Eden,  esq. ;  Wm.  Raine— Darlimrton 

1703.  N. Thompson;  G.  Harland— Piercebndjje 

1704.  N.Thompson;  L. Brakenbury— Barton 

1705.  N.Thompson;  N.Thompson— Barton 

1706.  Ant.  Hammond:  Ra.  Lodjte—  Barton 

1707.  C.  Bridgwater;  J.  Etberington- Hart  forth 

1708.  Ro.  Robinson;  Ri  .Wilson  —  Hart  forth 

1709.  Edw.  Horner;  N. 


",0-  KSST  yT.Tfcw*«- Md— 

1711.  L.  Brakenbury  ;  G.  Garnett  —Richmond 

1712.  Mr.Hammond;  Mr.lbeobalds-Richmond 

1713.  Tho.Thwaites;  Rich.Wilson—  Hartforth 

1714.  J.  Robinson;  Edw.  Homer  —Richmond 

%  I 


2 12       Richmond  Society  of  Archers.— Anglo-Norman  Coins.  [Sept. 


A.D.     Captains  and  Lieutenant*.  Placet. 

1715.  Leo.  Hartley ;  Rich.WUson  — 

1716.  Rev.  J.  Wilkinson;  T.  Thwaites— Barton 

1717.  Rev.J. Wilkinson;  R. Robinson— Piercebr. 

1718.  R.  Robinson  ;  Edw.  Bell  —Richmond 
17iy.  T.Thwaites;  R.  Robinson  —Richmond 

1720.  Cu.Routh,esq.;  R.Robinson— Richmond 

1721.  R.  Robinson  ;  Edw.  Bell  —Richmond 

1722.  A.  Milbanke,csq.;C.Routh,esq.— Richiu. 

1723.  Edw.  Bell;  James  White  — Leeminc  Lane 

1724.  A.  Milbanke.esq.;  R.  Robinson—  Richm. 
1723.  R.  Robinson;  K.  Robinson  —Iteming  L. 

1726.  C.  J.  Prissick ;  J.  White  —Richmond 

1727.  R.  Robinson  ;  W.  Dobson  -Yarni 

1728.  Dr.  Bell;  R.  Robinson  —Croft 

1729.  W.  Browne,  esq. ;  Ja.  Cooke,csq.— Croft 

1730.  W.  navill.jun.esq.;  M.  Wnss,esq.-Richm. 

1731.  C.Readshawjr.-. II.  Nieholb  jr.--Riehmo. 

1732.  Jas.  White;  Thos.  Kelley  —Richmond 

1733.  Jos.  Coates  ;  W.  Browne, esq.- Piercebr. 

1734.  Jos.  Coates  ;  Peter  Marley  —Richmond 

1735.  Jos.Coates;  Thos.  Tliwaites— Richmond 

1736.  John  Plumb ;  Thos.  Kelley  —Richmond 

1737.  Peter  Marley  ;  P.  Marley  —Barton 

1738.  Rev.Mr.Tlieobalds-.Sirrl.Smithson-P.bri. 

1739.  James  White ;  Jos.  Coates  —Richmond 

1740.  Thos.  Kelley  ;  R.  Seymour  — Piercebn. 

1741.  Thos.  Kelley ;  Thos.  Kelley  -Richmond 

1742.  Jos.  Coates;  Thos.  Watson  —Richmond 

1743.  Jos.Coates;  Rev. Mr.Tbeobald-Richinond 

1744.  R.  Seymour;  John  Plume  — Richmond 

1745.  SirU.i5mithson;*C. Readshaw— Piercebr. 

1746.  Jos.  Coates  ;  John  Plume    — Stanwirk 

1747.  R.  Robinson;  R.  Seymour  —Richmond 

1748.  J.  Appleby ;  Thos.  Kelley    —  Richmond 

1749.  Isaac  Truman;  IIon.T.\ ane—  Darlington 

1750.  John  Bowver,  esq.;  Hon.T.  Vane-Darling. 

1751.  Jos.  Appleby;  Hon.T.  Vane— Darlington 

1752.  J.  Collier,  iun. ;  J.  Wright  —Darlington 

1753.  M.Milbanke;  Rev.  Mr. Nicholson— Darl. 

1754.  Rev.  -  Nicholson;  W.Chaytor.esci.-Scorton 

1755.  Mr.  Jones;  Mr.  Robinson  — liurworth 

1756.  Robt.  Hall;  Robt.  Davison  —Richmond 

1757.  Thos.  Kitching;  T.  Watson  —Darlington 
Thos.  Kelley ;     G.  Rickaby 

1758.  John  Wright ;  John  Wright— Richmond 

1759.  Geo.  Ru  kaby;  Robt.  Hall  —Darlington 

1760.  Geo.  Rickaby  ;  Robt.  Hall  —Richmond 

1761.  Geo.  Rickaby; Thos. Watson— Richmond 

1762.  (i.  Thompson  ;  R.  Hodgson  —Richmond 

1763.  Robt.  Hall;  Geo.  Rickaby  —Richmond 
1761.  Thos.  Kellev  ;  Thos.  Kelley  —Darlington 

1765.  Thos.  Watson  ;  Thos.  Kelley— Ferry  Hill 

1766.  Robt.  Hall ;  John  Gainford  —Darlington 

1767.  Thos.  Raine  ;  R.  Jackson    —  Darlintrton 

1768.  James  Portees  ;  J.  Gainford — Hunworth 

1769.  John  Gainford  ;  Robt.  Hall  —Darlington 

1770.  Robt.  Hall ;  Thos.  Watson  —Richmond 

*  Afterwards  Duke  of  Northumberland. 


A.D. 
1771. 
1772. 
1773. 
1774. 
1775. 
1776. 
1777. 
1778. 
1779. 
1780. 
1781. 
1782. 
1783. 
1784. 
1785. 
1786. 
1787. 
17H8. 
1789. 
1790. 
1791. 
1792. 
1793. 

1794. 


Captains  and  Lieutenants.  Places. 
J.  Gainford;  Geo.  Rickaby  —  Darlington 
Geo.  Rickaby  ;  J.  Gainford  —  I" 
(Not  shot  for) 
(Not  shot  for) 


Thou.  Kelley  ;  Rob.  jacKson— nicnmona 
T.  Kelley  ;  Mr.  Macfarlan  —Richmond 
(Not  shot  for) 

Thos.  Kelley  ;  Rob.  Jackson— Richmond 


Robt.  Hall ;  Mr.  Gordon  —Darlington 
Robt.  Hall ;  Heu.  Wilson  —Darlington 
James  Wilson  ;  Robt.  Hall  —  Darlington 
Robt.  Hall ;  Robt.  Hall  —Darlington 
Robt.  Hall  ;  Mr.  Macfarlane— Darlington 
T.Watson  ;  S.  Hodgson, esq.— Darlington 
Thos. Watson;  J.  Hayton  —Darlington 
(No  shooting) 
(Ditto) 

Mr.  Macfarlan;  Mr.Glenton — Richmond 
Mic.  Basnet ;  Mr.  Macfarlan — Richmond 
F.  Thompson ;  Tho. Watson  — Darlington 
John  Hayton ;  T.  Waistell  —  Darlington 

J.  Glenton ;  {  Jj£  §j£t3  }  -»^tagtOB 

1795.  Mr.  Macfarlan;  Mr.Glenton— Richmond 

1796.  Jas.  Glenton;  Jas.  Wensley— Richmond 

1797.  T.Wyclifle,esq. ;  Geo.  Marley-Richmond 

1798.  P.  Macfarlan;  P.  Macfarlan— Richmond 

1799.  (Not  won);  James  Wensley  —Richmond 

1800.  (No  shooting  for  ten  years) 

1809.  Rev.F.Blackburue  ;  Mr. Eaton-Richmond 

1810.  F.  Blackburne;  Mr.  Child  —Richmond 

1811.  Paul  Wilson ;  Mr.  Stamper  — Richmond 

1812.  (K  tavius  Leefe:  Geo.  Croft  —Richmond 

1813.  Mr.Dennison;  J.C.Ibbetson— Richmond 

1814.  Thos.  Foss;  Mr.  Dennison  —Darlington 

1815.  J.  C.  Ibbetson  ;  Geo.  Croft  —Richmond 

1816.  Fr.  Newby ;  J.  Peacock. M.D.— Richmond 

1817.  Will.  Stamper;  R.  Wilson   —  Richmond 

1818.  Thos.  Gibson;  J.  Metcalfe  — Richmond 

1819.  Thos.  Bowman;  O.  Leefe    — Richmond 

1820.  Isaac  Fisher;  Will.  Gibbon  — Richmond 

1821.  George  Croft  ;  Rob.  Wilson  —Richmond 

1822.  (Disputed)  —Richmond 

1823.  Isaac  Fisher;  Will.  Kirkley  — Seorton 

1824.  George  Croft ;  Chr.  Croft  —Richmond 

1825.  Robt.  Thompson ;  C.  Croft  —Richmond 

1826.  Will.  Kirkby;  Will.  Reed    —St.  Martina 

1827.  Thos.  Bowman;  Isa.  Fisher — St. Martins 

1828.  Will.  Kirkby;  F.  Horner  —Richmond 

1829.  Christ.  Croft ;  {  {J }  -Richmond 

1«».  Geo.  Croft ;  Will.  Kirkby  —Richmond 

1831.  Arab.  Clement;  I.  Fisher  —Richmond 

1832.  Th.  Smurthwaitc;  G.  Croft  —Richmond 

1833.  W.  H.  Hardy:  Is.  Fisher  —Richmond 

1834.  Mr.  Crowe;  .Mr.  Leefe        —  Middleton- 


COIN8  FOUND  AT  BEAWORTH  IN  HAMPSHIRE. 


Mr.  Urban,  Cork,  July  77. 
IN  a  paper  published  by  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  containing  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  coins  of  the  Williams  found 
at  Beaworth  in  Hampshire,  Mr.  Haw- 
kins, in  a  very  able  dissertation,  for 
which  numismatists  are  much  indebted 
to  him,  has  given  a  chronological  ar- 
rangement of  these  coins;  and  I  think 
has  succeeded,  with  one  or  two  excep- 
tions, andthose  of  no  great  importance, 
in  which  I  am  inclined  to  differ  from 
him,  in  giving  us  an  arrangement  of 
the  coins  in  the  order  in  which  they 


were  struck.  As,  however,  I  do  not 
coincide  with  him  as  to  where  the  point 
of  separation  between  the  coins  of  Wil- 
liam I.  and  II.  should  be  placed,  1 
think  it  right  to  lay  before  you  and 
your  learned  readers  my  ideas  on  the 
subject. 

Mr.  Hawkins  has  justly  observed, 
that  the  discovery  of  this  hoard  does 
not  materially  assist  in  correcting  the 
appropriation  of  the  coins  of  the  Wil- 
liams. I  think,  however,  it  has  thrown 
some  light  on  them,  and  this,  combined 
with  the  elucidation  which  Mr.  Haw- 


Digitized  by  Google 


1635.] 

kins  himself  has  afforded,  will,  I  think, 
lead  us  to  a  more  correct  arrangement 
of  these  coins  than  has  hitherto  existed. 
As  Mr.  Hawkins's  plate  of  the  coins 
of  the  Williams  contains  all  the  prin- 
cipal varieties  of  type  hitherto  pub- 
lished  of  these  coins,  I  shall  confine 
my  observations  to  the  coins  exhibited 
in  it.  Nos.  1 ,  2,  3,  4  are  assigned  by 
all  writers  to  William  I.,  and  this  ap- 
propriation can,  I  think,  admit  of  no 
doubt. 

No.  5  has  also  been  always  assigned 
to  the  Conqueror ;  but,  although  in- 
clined to  entertain  the  same  opinion, 
I  think  that  appropriation  rather  more 
doubtful  than  that  of  the  four  first 
numbers  ;  the  two  sceptres  have  gene- 
rally been  considered  as  conclusive  of 
the  subject,  but  a  possibility  I  think 
exists  of  these  coins  having  been  struck 
on  occasion  of  Rufus'  invasion  of  Nor- 
mandy in  1090,  in  which  he  succeeded 
in  conquering  a  great  part  of  that 
duchy  ;  and  a  better  reason  for  assign- 
ing them  to  the  Conqueror  seems  to 
roe  deducible  from  the  propriety  of 
placing  them  before  No.  6,  which  from 
the  stars  appears  to  have  been  copied 
from  the  great  seal  of  Rufus,  and 
struck  at  the  commencement  of  his 
reign. 

I  fully  agree  with  Mr.  Hawkins  that 
these  two  coinages  were  successive, 
and  that  No.  5  was  first  struck  ;  but  I 
differ  from  him  in  their  appropriation, 
as  I  think  No.  5  was  probably  the  last 
coinage  of  the  Conqueror,  and  No.  6 
the  first  of  Rufus,  and  that  all  the  suc- 
ceeding numbers,  including  all  those 
of  the  Pax  type,  also  belong  to  Rufus. 

Mr.  Hawkins  seems  to  consider, 
that  inferiority  of  workmanship  in  a 
great  degree  decides  the  question  of 
the  appropriation  of  coins,  to  the  Con- 
queror or  his  son  Rufus.  It  strikes 
me  otherwise  ;  and  that  it  is  not  pro- 
bable that  any  immediate  change  in 
the  character  of  engraving  the  dies, 
took  place  on  the  death  of  the  Con- 
queror, or  a  cessation  of  coining.  On 
the  contrary,  I  should  suppose  that,  as 
the  succession  of  Rufus  was  left  un- 
certain by  his  father,  and  the  privilege 
of  coinage  was  an  attribute  of  royalty, 
Rufus  would  be  likely  to  coin  money 
as  soon  as  he  obtained  the  doubtful 
but  coveted  crown  of  England.  And 
having  varied  his  great  seal  from  his 
father's,  by  the  addition  of  two  stars, 


243 

that  the  same  variation  would  be  ex- 
tended to  the  coinage;  and  then  it 
naturally  follows  that  No.  6,  the  first 
coinage  of  Rufus,  and  executed  by  the 
engravers  in  the  Mint  at  the  Con- 
queror's death,  will  be  similar  in  work- 
manship to  his  father's,  though  differ- 
ing in  type.  With  the  gradual  extinc- 
tion of  the  Saxon  engravers,  whom  the 
Normans  found  in  the  Mint,  or  their 
pupils  and  successors,  together  with 
the  increased  and  progressive  turbu- 
lence of  the  government  of  Rufus,  and 
his  necessities  towards  the  close  of  his 
reign,  we  may  suppose  less  attention 
was  paid  to  the  coinage,  and  probably, 
also,  less  money  was  struck.  Yet,  as 
the  kingdom  became  drained  of  coin, 
to  meet  his  wars,  expeditions,  and  pur- 
chases of  foreign  territory,  some  coin- 
age might  be  absolutely  required  for 
England.  From  want  of  education 
and  practice,  an  inferior  class  of  en- 
gravers would  now  occupy  the  Mints, 
producing  a  deteriorated  and  barbarous 
style  of  workmanship,  in  accordance 
with  Nos.  17  and  18,  given  by  Mr. 
Hawkins  ;  and  which,  as  that  gentle- 
man remarks,  are  clearly  identified  in 
style  with  the  early  coinages  of  Henry 
I.  In  my  mind  this  establishes  a  na- 
tural chain  of  connection,  by  which 
No.  6  as  decidedly  belongs  to  Rufus 
as  No.  18.  And  if  so,  as  No.  6  is 
from  the  Beaworth  hoard,  1  conjecture 
they  are  all  the  coins  of  Rufus. 

The  next  coinage  was,  I  think  it  pro- 
bable, that  of  No.  11.  Mr.  Hawkins 
seems  to  think  it  possible  it  might  have 
preceded  No.  8  ;  and  a  comparison  of 
the  moneyers  found  on  these  coins, 
with  those'  on  No.  0,  will  afford  strong 
evidence  that  both  these  types,  6  and 
11  preceded  that  of  Nos.  9  and  10. 
The  moneyers  Anderbod  on  Wine,  and 
Anspuc  on  Line,  are  found  on  Nos.  6 
and  11,  and  the  former  on  the  coins  of 
the  Confessor  and  Harold;  but  neither 
of  these  names  appears  on  the  nume- 
rous coins  of  the  type  of  Nos.  9  and 
10,  struck  at  Winchester  and  Lincoln, 
of  which  1587  of  the  former  town  and 
171  of  the  latter,  were  found  at  Bea- 
worth ;  to  which  strong  evidence  we 
may  add,  that  the  letters  of  the  word 
Taunton,  which  appear  on  Nos.  8,  9, 
and  10,  are  always  tan,  but  on  Nos.  6 
and  11  tanv. 

The  next  coinage  was,  I  think,  that 
of  the  Paxs  type  with  full  face,  Nos.  9 


Coins  of  William  the  Conqueror  and  Ru  fus. 


Digitized  by  Google 


2-1 4  Coins  of  William  the  Conqueror  and  Ru/us.  (Sept. 


and  10  constituting  the  great  part  of 
the  hoard  found  at  Beaworth  ;  and  the 
reason  1  am  induced  to  place  these  be- 
fore Nos.  7  and  8  is,  that  the  latter 
appear  more  connected  with  Nos.  12 
ahd  13,  which  are  evidently  coins  of  a 
later  date  than  those  we  have  already 
considered. 

The  coinage  which  followed  Nos.  9" 
and  IO  was  probably  No.  8,  as  it  also 
bears  the  word  Paxs.  And  here  1  shall 
offer  a  few  observations  on  that  much 
disputed  word.  The  word  Pacx  occurs 
on  the  coins  of  C nut  and  the  Confessor; 
Pax  on  those  of  Harold  11.  and  Henry 
1„  and  Paxs  on  those  of  the  Williams; 
the  two  former  words  differing  only  in 
the  spelling,  must  simply  have  denoted 
Peace,  and  the  coins  bearing  them  been 
struck  at  some  period  of  these  respec- 
tive reigns  applicable  to  that  word; 
what  that  period  was,  it  is  not  in  this 
place  our  purpose  to  inquire,  it  having, 
as  I  think  will  be  admitted,  no  refer- 
ence whatever  to  the  event  denoted  by 
the  word  Paxs  on  the  coins  of  the  Wil- 
liams. This  latter  word  differs  from 
the  others  in  the  letter  s  forming  the 
termination,  and  I  think  it  will  also  be 
admitted  that  this  letter  must  have  had 
some  peculiar  signification. 

Some  of  our  most  eminent  antiqua- 
ries have  offered  conjectures  as  to  this 
word,  but  generally  coupled  with  strong 
doubts  as  to  their  propriety,  whilst  by 
others  no  explanation  has  been  even  at- 
tempted ;  in  my  opinion,  however,  the 
history  of  the  Williams  supplies  us 
with  two  events  to  which  the  word 
Paxs  would  most  happily  apply.  The 
first  is  the  peace  with  the  Scotch  in 
1072,  and  the  second  that  with  the 
same  nation  in  1091 » and  1  am  strongly 
of  opinion  that  the  latter  was  the  event 
referred  to,  both  from  the  probability 
of  the  coins  bearing  this  word  belong- 
ing to  Rufus,  and  also  from  the  im- 
portance attached  to  this  treaty  at  the 
time,  which  Rufus  considered  so  great, 
that  he  received  Prince  Edgar,  who 
was  employed  in  the  negociation,  into 
favour,  and  allowed  him  to  return  into 
England. 

The  next  coinage  must,  I  think,  have 
been  No.  7,  a*  it  seems  to  form  a  con- 
necting link  between  No.  8  and  No.  12, 
which  I  think  was  the  next  coin  struck, 
and  which  Mr.  Hawkins  places  at  the 
head  of  the  coins  of  Rufus,  but  which, 
according  to  my  arrangement,  was 


more  probably  struck  about  the  middle' 
of  his  reign. 

The  six  numbers  which  follow  re- 
quire no  observations;  they  are  evi- 
dently the  last  coins  of  the  Williams, 
and  1  entirely  agree  with  Mr.  Hawkins 
as  to  their  arrangement. 

From  these  observations,  therefore, 
it  will  be  perceived,  that  the  principal 
difference  between  ray  arrangement  of 
these  coins  and  that  of  Mr.  Hawkins, 
is  in  the  point  of  separation  of  the  two 
reigns,  Mr.  Hawkins  placing  it  be- 
tween Nos.  11  and  12,  and  1  between 
Nos.  5  and  6  ;  and  the  order  in  which 
I  place  them  is  as  follows : — 

Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  to  the  Conqueror. 

Nos.  6,  11,  9,  10,  8,  7,  12,  13,  M, 
15,  16,  17,  18  to  Rufus. 

The  probability  that  the  quantity  of 
money  coined  by  William  1.  must  have 
far  exceeded  that  struck  by  Rufus, 
cannot,  1  think,  be  considered  as  dis- 
turbed by  this  system  ;  if  we  reflect 
that,  previous  to  the  accidental  disco- 
very of  this  hoard,  the  coins  of  the 
first  five  numbers  were  probably  as 
numerous  as  those  of  the  last  thirteen 
put  together;  that  Rufus  having  used 
a  greater  number  of  types,  is  no  proof 
of  his  having  coined  more  money,  and 
that  the  great  numbers  of  the  coins  of 
any  king  which  have  descended  to*  us, 
has  arisen  more  from  the  accidental 
discovery  of  some  large  hoards  than 
from  the  extent  of  his  coinage. 

Two  coins,  by  some  attributed  to 
the  Williams,  remain  to  be  noticed  ; 
they  are  published  in  Ruding,  Supple- 
ment, part  ii.  Nos.  1  and  2,  bearing 
the  legends  Luillem  Du.  O.  &  Willel- 
mus  O. 

These  coins  are  now  generally  con- 
sidered as  not  belonging  to  either  of 
the  Williams,  hot  considerable  doubt 
strll  seems  to  exist  as  to  their  appro- 
priation. In  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine for  August  1827.  I  have  offered 
some  remarks  on  them,  tending  to 
show  that  they  probably  belonged  to 
William,  eldest  son  to  Henry  1.,  and 
I  still  adhere  to  that  opinion.  Mr. 
Hawkins  conjectures  them  to  belong 
to  William,  second  son  of  Stephen, 
from  the  circumstance  of  Eustace, 
Stephen's  eldest  son,  having  coined 
money,  and  a  few  of  Stephen's  coins 
being  found  with  them ;  but  a  compa- 
rison of  No.  1  with  No.  5  in  the  same 
plate,  belonging  to  Henry  1.,  which, 


Digitized  by  Google 


Coins  of  William  the  Conqueror  and  Rujus.  745 


together  with  several  other  coins  of 
that  prince,  was  found  along  with  it, 
and  the  circumstance  of  No.  2  being, 
as  Mr.  Hawkins  mentions,  quite  iden- 
tical as  to  type  and  workmanship  with 
&  half  coin  on  which  the  name  of  Henry 
appears,  leaves,  1  think,  no  doubt  that 
these  coins  are  connected  with  Henry 
I.  and  not  with  Stephen. 

Mr.  Hawkins  says,  could  it  be  abso- 
lutely decided  whether  these  coins  be- 
long  to  Henry  I.  or  II.  it  would  not  be 
difficult  to  assign  the  coins  in  question. 
Tl  •ere  can  be  however,  I  think,  little 
doubt  that  No.  5  belongs  to  Henry  I. ; 
but,  even  admitting  that  it  belonged  to 
Henry  II.  1  should  be  more  inclined 
to  suppose  the  two  coins  in  question 
to  belong  to  his  eldest  son  William, 
who  died  an  infant,  in  the  commence- 
ment of  his  father's  reign,  than  to 
Stephen's  son  William,  as  the  strong 
resemblance  of  No.  1  to  No.  5  renders 
it  in  my  mind  nearly  certain  that  Wil- 
liam was  the  son  of  Henry. 

Having  thus  given  my  ideas  as  to 
the  arrangement  of  these  coins,  it  only 
remains  for  me  to  offer  a  few  observa- 
tions on  the  circumstance  of  such  a 
number  of  moneyers  and  mints  being 
found  on  those  discovered  at  Bea worth, 
whilst  the  coins  themselves  are  almost 
all  of  one  type,  and  from  their  state  of 
preservation  could  never  have  been  in 
circulation. 

A  brother  collector  of  mine  has  sug- 
gested to  me,  that  this  hoard  most  pro- 
bably  was  either  a  part  or  the  whole 
of  the  king's  seniorage,  from  the  dif- 
ferent mints,  of  one  coinage.  And 
that  it  would  also  indicate  that  the 
engravers  were  limited  in  a  great  mea- 
sure to  one  type,  for  the  same  period. 
From  which  circumstance  another 
question  may  arise,  whether  the  dies 
were  not  engraved  at  the  seat  of  go- 
vernment, at  Winchester  or  London, 
aitd  sent  to  the  other  different  mints, 
leaving  the  local  engravers  or  money* 
ers,  to  insert  their  names  and  resi- 
dences, by  which  they  were  made  ac- 


countable to  the  king  for  the  goodness 
of  the  coins?  And  supposing  this 
hoard  was  the  king's  seniorage,  we  may 
presume  that  the  best  struck  and  weigh- 
tiest coins  would  be  selected  by  the  mo* 
neyers  for  their  own  credit  and  safety. 

To  this  opinion  I  fully  subscribe,  as 
it  seems  to  afford  the  only  plausi- 
ble solution  hitherto  offered  on  this 
subject. 

If  we  suppose  it  to  be,  as  some  wri- 
ters have  conjectured,  the  produce  of  a 
tax,  we  must  suppose  the  taxes  to  be 
paid  into  the  different  mints,  the  money 
re-coined,  and  the  amount  transmitted 
to  the  royal  treasury,  a  mode  of  pro- 
ceeding oif  which  history  does  not  fur- 
nish us  with  any  account ;  or  we  must 
suppose  the  merchants,  previous  to 
paying  their  taxes,  to  have  brought,  as 
they  often  did,  their  bullion  and  foreign 
coins  to  the  mints,  and  having  con- 
verted them  into  current  coin  of  the 
realm,  to  have  transmitted  tbem  to  the 
treasury ;  but  in  this  case  it  would  be 
extremely  improbable  that  in  a  general 
payment  of  taxes  no  mixture  of  coins 
already  in  circulation  should  be  found. 

There  is  another  supposition  which 
at  first  sight  may  appear  probable, 
that  a  general  re-coinage  having  taken 
place,  and  the  amount  transmitted  to 
the  king's  treasury,  the  hoard  in  ques- 
tion consisted  of  a  portion  taken 
from  the  whole ;  but  if  this  was  the 
case,  unless  we  suppose  the  entire  was 
shaken  together  as  much  as  possible, 
it  is  scarcely  probable  that  a  portion 
of  6  or  7>000  pieces  should  have  con- 
tained, as  it  did,  specimens  of,  with 
scarcely  one  exception,  every  mint  and 
perhaps  every  moneyer  in  the  kingdom. 

If,  however,  we  adopt  the  idea  that 
it  was  the  amount  of  the  king's  seigno- 
rage,  we  have  no  improbability  to  en- 
counter; but  the  hoard,  from  its  amount 
and  variety  of  mints  and  moneyers, 
was  exactly  such  as  we  might  expect 
to  find  the  produce  of  the  king's  seigno- 
rage  on  one  coinage. 

Your's,  &c.        John  Lindsay. 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS. — No.  VIII. 

ORIGINAL  LETTER  FROM  HANNAH  If  ORE  TO  THE  REV.  W.  L.  BOWLES. 

Mr.  Urban,  Salisbury,  Aug.  5. 

In  the  Life  of  Hannah  More,  mention  is  made  of  "  the  Poet  of  Urns  and 

Obelisks — Mr.  B  "   That  there  may  not  be  any  doubt  of  the  person  whom 

her  sister  Martha  designates  by  that  description,  and  as  your  admirable  Critic 
on  the  work  has  spoken  of  me  with  most  friendlv  warmth  and  cordial  kindness, 
I  send  you  an  original  letter  from  the  accomplished  Hannah  herself,  which  will 


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246 


Letters  of  Hannah  More  and  William  Cobbett. 


[Sept 


best  explain  why  "  Mr.  B... is  called  "  the  poet  of  Urns  and  Obelisks ;"  no 
very  civil  title,  however,  considering  the  attention  I  paid  to  her  wishes,  and 
the  high  respect,  short  of  adulation,  which  I  bore  to  her  talents  and  virtues. 
1  may  possibly  surprise  the  Editor,  and  entertain  your  readers,  with  a  few  anec- 
dotes.   W.  L.  Bowles. 

I  will  point  out  to  him  how  the  Urn 


Dear  Sir, 

1  am  extremely  obliged  to  you  for 
the  trouble  you  have  had  the  goodness 
to  take,  and  which  I  am  afraid  you 
will  be  tempted  to  regret  when  you  see 
that  it  is  not  yet  at  an  end. 

If  you  will  have  the  goodness  to  send 
an  order  to  Mr.  King  to  make  an  Urn 
exactly  resembling  yours  in  all  points, 
it  would  have  more  weight,  and  be 
likely  to  be  better  executed  than  if  it 
came  from  me.  I  take  the  liberty  to 
inclose  two  very  plain  inscriptions.  I 
•hall  esteem  it  a  favour  if  you  will  se- 
lect one  of  them,  and  send  to  Mr.  King 
after  you  have  made  any  alterations. 
I  agree  with  you  in  thinking  it  cannot 
be  too  simple.  Do  you  think  Rt.  Rd. 
or  D.J),  should  have  place  in  a  memo- 
rial of  this  nature  ?  Be  so  kind  as  put 
stops  and  capitals,  charging  King  to 
adhere  to  them ;  and  tell  him  (it  was 
your  own  suggestion)  to  send  me  a 
copy  in  his  own  hand-writing  to  pre- 
vent mistakes.  You  will  recommend 
expedition.   When  he  sends  the  copy. 


must  be  conveyed  hither. 

I  am  a  little  fearful  about  the  co- 
loured glass,  unless  1  had  a  knowing 
friend  on  the  spot  to  look  at  it, — a  friend 
of  mine  having  lately  had  some  that 
was  quite  dark  »ent ;  but  I  believe  I 
shall  venture. 

I  should  be  much  gratified  to  pay 
my  respects  to  Mrs.  Bowles,  but  fear  I 
must  postpone  that  pleasure.  Should 
you  and  Mr.  Nares  visit  the  rocks  of 
Clifton  or  of  Chedder,  you  would  in 
either  case  be  within  ten  miles  of  us, 
and  we  should  be  happy  to  show  you 
our  Goblin-  Coomb,  which  I  think  you 
did  not  see.  Should  you  be  induced 
to  think  of  this,  you  would  favour  me 
with  a  few  days'  notice,  as  we  expect 
about  that  time  my  oldest  friend  Lord 
Barhara,  and  our  slender  accommoda- 
tions oblige  us  to  receive  our  friends 
in  succession.  We  shall  hope  to  see 
the  ladies  with  you. 

1  am,  dear  Sir,  your  very  obliged 
and  faithful  servant,        H.  More. 
Barley  Wood,  14th  August. 


LETTER  OF  THE  LATB  WILLIAM  COBBETT  TO  MR.   NICHOLS,  PRINTER  OF  THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  magazine. 


Sir,     Philadelphia,  1st  Aug.  1797. 

I  am  that  identical  William  Cobbett 
(called  Peter  Porcupine)  whose  writ- 
ings you  have  now  and  then  honoured 
with  your  approbation.  I  take  the 
liberty  of  enclosing  you  a  file  of  my 
Gazette  for  the  month  past,  which  i 
shall  repeat  at  the  end  of  every  month, 
begging  of  you  to  send  me  in  return 
your  useful  and  entertaining  Magazine. 
This  shall,  however,  be  optional  with 
you.  I  send  you  my  paper,  because,  in 
your  hands,  I  know  it  may  become  of 
use  to  my  countrymen.  Mark  well  all 
the  passages  respecting  the  Republican 
Britons  amongst  us.  Depend  on  it  they 
are  sunk  here  below  even  the  par  of 
rascality  and  wretchedness. 

Few  booksellers  in  the  United  States 
carry  on  that  branch  of  business  with 
more  life  than  I  do.  If  you  choose, 
and  can  fall  upon  any  arrangement,  I 
will  receive  from  you  a  few  volumes  of 
your  magazine  half-yearly?  1  could 
get  50,  if  not  100  subscribers  to  the 
work,  and  this  would  take  off  a  good 


number  of  your  surplus  dead  stock. 
This  I  must  leave  to  yourself.  Sir,  but 
let  me  beg  of  you  not  to  omit  sending 
me  your  magazine  half-yearly.  I  want 
also  the  two  volumes  for  1796.  I  will 
fall  upon  some  method  of  getting  you 
the  money  for  these  things.  Let  me 
have  the  honour  of  a  letter  from  good 
"  Old  Sylvanus,"  and  please  to  com- 
municate to  me  the  mode  in  which  I 
can  be  most  useful  to  your  excellent 
publication. 

America  is  become  an  interesting 
scene.  Let  me  request  you  to  pay 
particular  attention  to  the  humiliation 
we  now  experience  on  account  of  the 
weakness  of  our  government,  and  to  beg 
you  to  observe  that  that  weakness 
grows  out  of  the  abominable  system  of 
universal  suffrage.  But,  by  reading 
the  Gazette  through  you  will  choose 
for  yourself. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  your 
most  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

Wm.  Cobbett. 


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1335.] 


247 


JX8CRIPTION   TO  THE  LATB  GEORGE  WILLIAMS,   M.D.   IN  THE  CHAPEL  OP 

CORPUS  CHRI8TI  COLLEGE,  OXFORD. 

Mr.  Urban,  London,  August  18,  1835. 

THE  following  epitaph  to  the  memory  of  a  physician,  distinguished 
alike  by  his  knowledge  as  a  physiologist,  his  literary  attainments  as  a 
scholar,  and  his  virtues  as  a  Christian  (a  memoir  of  whom  was  published 
in  your  number  for  March  1834,  vol.  I.  p.  334)  has  been  erected  in  the 
chapel  of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Oxford.  It  has  been  recently  printed  in 
a  topographical  work  of  deserved  reputation,  but  an  error  having  by  some 
means  crept  into  the  copy  from  which  it  was  printed  (and  no  sort  of  com- 
position is  more  endamaged  by  mistakes,  however  small),  I  herewith  send 
for  insertion  a  copy  which  I  have  taken  care  to  verify.  Indaoator. 

a  a 

8CIAS   QVI   HAEC    TECVM   CONTEM  PLER 1 3 
MORTALITATIS  DOCVMENTA 
M ARMOR   QVOD   SPBCTA8  HONORARIVM 

CEORGIO    WILLIAMS  M.D 
SOCIO   VICEPRAESIDEXTI  BENEFACTOR! 
IN    ACADEMIA    REI    BOTANICAE  PROFESSOR! 
BIBLIOTHECAE   CV8TODI  RADCLIVIANAE 
PRAESIDENTEM    ET   80CIOS   C.  C.  C 
PONENDVM  CENSVIS8E 
NE    INTRA   IIOS    PARIBTE8   TITVLO  CAREAT 
SODALIS   MEMORIA  CONIVNCTI8S1MI 
NE  TESTIMOMO 
CRAT1    COLLEGII    PIETAS    MOERENTI8  DESIDERIA 

INERANT    LECTOR    IN   HOC  VIRO 
MEDICO  VERE  CHRI8TIANO 
8VMMA   ERGA   DEVM  RELIGIO 
STABILI8   IN    MERITIR   8BRVATORI8   N08TRI  FIDES 
ILLIBATA   MORVM    SANCTITAS   MODESTIA   PLANE  8INUVLARIS 
INGENIVM   IVDICII   QVADAM   8EVERITATE  SVBACTVM 
ERVDITIO   MVLTIPLEX   LITTERAE  ELEGANTIORES 
AD   L1NACRI  NORMAM 
PENITIORI   MEDICINAE  8CIENTIAE 
BT    PHILOSOPHIAE   DI8CIPLINI8  IN8ERVIENTE8 

INTEREA  ELVCEBANT 
PERSPICAX   IN   EXPENDENDIS    RERVM    MOMENTIS  PRVDENTIA 
ANIMVS    IN    QVOTI DIANA  VITAE  CON8VETVDINE 
ERGA   O SINES    COMI8   ET  BENEVOLV8 
8VOBVM   SEMPER   AMANT 1881  MVS  • 


W  COLLEGIVM    C.  C   A8CITVS    EST   HANTONIENSIS   A.  D^  MDCCLXXI 
HORBO   CONFBCTV8   OBDORMIVIT  DIE   XVII.    IAN.  A   D  MDCCCXXXIV 
AXXVM     AGENS     SEPTVAGE8IMVM     PRIMV3I     IN  COEMETERIO 
fiAXCTI   PETRI    IN    ORIENTE    EIVSDEM   VICI    INCOLA  SEPVLTVS 
flIC  1VXTA    CINERE8   AVVNCVLI   CENOTAPHIO    DONATVS  EST 

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248  Critical  Remarks  on  Horuce. 

QvJiSTIONBt  VsNUSINiC. 

No.  VI. 

Mr.  Urban,    Charing,  Aug.  U. 

THE  conjectural  reading  in  the  first 
Ode  of  Horace,  v.  29,  Tb  doctarum  he- 
deree  prcemia  frontium  j  Diis  miscent 


[Sept. 

of  Horace,  has  these  very  word*  on 
the  subject, 

Tb,  quam  suboluit  Rutgersius,  pro- 

tulit  HARIU8,  &c. 

3.  While  Cuningham,  the  well-known 
antagonist  of  Bent  ley,  as  quoted  in 


superis,  as  addressed  to  Maecenas  in    Dr.  Combe**  Variorum,  refers  the  con- 
his  character  of  a  man  of  elegant  learn-   jecture  (which  however  he  does  not 
ing  and  the  patron  of  literature,  has    approve,)  to  a  different  source  still : 
been  very  generally  received  with  great       "  II:  Xf 
approbation.    It  is  indeed  a  noble  im- 
provement, and  carries  with  it  inter- 
nal  evidence  abundantly  of  its  truth. 

Singularly  enough,  the  first  original 
proposer  of  that  fine  emendation  re- 
mains yet  unascertained.  You  here- 
with receive  a  brief  statement  of  the 
different  pretensions  as  far  as  they 
have  come  to  my  knowledge :  and  in 
thus  appealing  to  your  learned  readers, 
Mr.  Urban,  I  may  be  able  to  elicit 
perhaps  some  unquestionable  fact  to 
determine  the  matter  once  for  all. 

1.  Apparently,  then,  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Hare  is  one  claimant :  for  in  a 
note  to  his  Scripture  Vindicated  (1721, 
p.  263),  when  wishing  to  exemplify 
the  value  of  conjectural  criticism,  he 
very  cleverly  shows,  that  the  change 
from  Mb  to  Tb  is  demanded  by  the 
context,  and  then  concludes  with  these 
words :  "  I  instance  in  this  emenda- 
tion the  rather,  because  the  ingenious 
author  of  the  freethinker  tells  us,  that 
another  person  also  of  no  name  in  ~ 
Critick,  a  learned  North  Briton,  hath        Ma.  Urban, 

Not  long  after  this,  John  Jones ,  in  ^  the  medium  £  comn;unFication 

his  edition  of  Horace,  173C,  adopts  bet^cen  different  correspondents,  and 

the  emendation  from  Dr.  Hare   and  especially  on  subjects  that  are  cat^e 

puts  U  thus  m  a  very  strong  light :  Si  to^c  myultitude  MagiinTto 

jam  Dttsmuctusessrtjuperts  Horahus,  June  ^  Jn,    {Jt  ' 

curse  Mm***,  suffragto  cohonestart  tively  a  discussion  on  a  passage  of 

a   in  T*r  .         u-  «  Horace— where  it  may  be  fairly  said 

i^dA^fl/*o«,inhisHorace,1741,    0f  Bentlev,  that 
V.  l.  p.  5,  translates  Tb  doctarum,  &c. 

in  this  decisive  manner,  "  Exalts  you  saxum  sudando  neque  proficit 

my  patron  and  supporter  to  the  Gods  hilum." 

above;"  and  then,  after  referring  to  It  is  not  therefore  without  reason 
Dr.  Hare  for  his  authority  in  reading    that  your  talented*  correspondent  J.M. 

it  so,  he  exposes  the  irrelevancy  of   —  — 

•  I  am  well  aware  that  J.  M.  like  poor 
Charles  Mathews  of  facetious  memory, 
feels  a  qualm  of  sickness  whenever  he 
hears  this  horrible  word,  first  introduced 
by  the  Cockney  school ;  and  that  in  the 
language  of  Aristophanes  he  cries  out 
Unfit,  mrtfZ*  htl  But  how  is  a  body  to 
express  himself  in  an  age  of  Goths  and 
Vandals,  except  by  using  the  language  of 


*'  His  verbis,  Me  Diis  miscent  superis 
(sic  enim  legendum,  non  Tb  Diis,  ut 
conjiciebat  cI.Bbouckhcsius),  indicat 
se  in  ccelo  esse,  hoc  est,  beatissimum 
esse;"  &c 

Now,  Mr.  Urban,  in  the  honest 
desire  to  give  suum  cuique,  here  is  a 
cruel  perplexity  for  you.   Who  shall 
relieve  us  from  it?    Some  accurate 
scholar  it  roust  be,  well  acquainted 
with  all  the  writings  of  Rut  genius  and 
Brouckhusius,  who  can  refer  distinctly 
to  any  work  of  either  of  those  learned 
men,  in  proof  of  his  being  the  original 
author  required  of  that  most  happy 
emendation.    1  have  not  been  idle 
myself  in  the  search ;  but  hitherto 
without  any  success.    And  then  who 
could  the  North  Briton  be?  What 
is  the  precise  book,  here  meant  by  the 
general  title,  freethinker?     And  in 
what  particular  volume  and  page  is 
that  North  Briton  so  mentioned  ? 
Yours,  &c.  H.  R. 


Mb  to  the  reasoning  and  whole  drift 
of  the  passage. 

2.  But  Dr.  Francis,  on  the  other 
hand,  who  reads  Tb,  and  calls  it  a  ne- 
cessary correction,  says  distinctly, 
"  We  are  obliged  for  this  correction  to 
Rutgbbsius."  And  our  learned  con- 
temporary, Mr.  Kidd,  in  his  edition 
3 


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183M  Critical  Remarks  on  Horace.  249 

objects  to  a  reading  which,  though  it  genuine  like  gold,  or  false  like  pinch- 
is  fond  m  many  MSS.  and  is  backed  beck ;  and  in  this  point  of  view™, 
by  the  stupendous  learning  of  the  tosus  would  be  very  appropriate  if  we 
great  Richard,  is  nevertheless  not  what  were  secure  of  the  Latinitv  as  being 
Horace  wrote  because  at  variance  of  the  Augustan  age.  That  mendosum 
w.tii  his  peculiar  characteristic  of  is  therefore  men<lo%e,  1  have  not  the 
common  sense  The  passage,  as  com-  least  shadow  of  doubt.  But  the  fault 
monly  read  in  Ep.  i.  16,  is  lies  somewhat  deeper  than  even  J.  M 
"Idem  si  clamet  furem,  negct  esse  pudi-  suspects.    For  what  is  the  meaning  of 

011115 .  the  words  mendax  infamia  turret  me- 

Contendat  laqueo  coUum  prensisse  pater-  dicandum  t    Surely  a  roan  to  be  cured 

v.  a  BUm*     ^  ..  *  .  .  is  not  to  be  frightened  by  the  tongue 

Mordear  opprobrus  falsis,  mutemque  co-    of  a  Mrs.  Scandal,  although  he  might 

F^us  honor  jurat,  et  mendax  infamia    £^  *f  ?  SJ  Arttoj  Cooper, 

terret  iniamia    Read  then#  what  Horace  probably 

Quern,  nisi  mendosum  et  mendaeem  ?  wr°te, 

But  here,  instead  of  mendaeem,  Cru-  Mordear  opprobrus  falsis,  mutemque  co- 

quius  was  the  first  to  edit  medieandnm  v  ,      1°re8  ?  . 
on  the  authority  of  his  MSS.  and  the       hns  thono/  Juvat>  H  ""^^  infamia 

Vet.  Schol.  although  John  of  Salis-  QnMn 

bury,  quoted  by  Bentley,  acknowledges  et  "°rdacem  T 

«e  \ulgate,  which  J.  M.  too  would       i.  e.  whom  but  the  beggar  and  the 

not  disturb,  but  alter  rather  mendosum  backbiter:  for  thus  mendicum  will  ap- 

ZZL1*?0£M.'    °f  thi9  c°Tection  it  proximate  to  the  medicandum,  and  show 

»eems,  j .  m.  is  Boventosm,  i.e.  accord-  that  the  words  were  once  so  trans- 

>ng  to  his  own  interpretation,  vain,  as  posed,  mordacem   et  mendicum.  that 

w  assert  that  he  has  at  leugth  re-  mordacem  might  belong  to  terret  and 

stored  Horace  to  himself.  Your  friend  mendicum  tofrat.  SZOt€rrei'*nd 
«.  a.  may  however  fairly  say  of  it.  With  regard  to  the  general  sense  of 

Dedi  id  protends  in  Criticum  mare  fhe  passage,  they  who  remember  that 

Portare  ventti,  In  the  Saturnalia  of  the  Romans  the 

by  showing  that  ventoiu*  has  not.  in  ^         for  f  h™f  *™  masters, 

Horace  at  least,  the  meaning  J.  M  ^L^tT  ?  w.,t^their/a^ 

assigns  to  it;  and  that  the  palsage  in  ^TJi     I    "^entand  the  expres- 
Seneca,  where  vento™  and  Jnda* 

are  united,  and  which  at  first  sight  I  w,h°  *now  a  vandal-monger 
^eems  to  put  the  proposed  reading  18  at  once  by 

<**  ou^dubitatiLla!e7m,Tnft  ca £  IT r^l  by 
in  point  calling  out  fa>num  habet  tn  comu,  longe 

It  must  nevPrthelp**  b#.  r^^^  *U9e'  W,U  understand  mendax  infamia 

*nat  ^  M   h^aswdf  obwr  ved   that  mordacwtt  ;  for  thus  the  offending 

the  haW*  of^en^^  ^LTolt  £               by  *  ™n 

*e  words  /nfrus  Aonor,  and  «e»<fc*  ^S*^  ^""V- 

^/am/a,  to  have  some  expressions  bet-  '     '  TI2- 

ter  suited  to  them  than  mendosum  et  p-  S.  Since  the  above  was  written, 

nrficandum ;  because  false  honor  de-  a  learned  friend  has  suggested  the  fol- 

"ghts  not  the  faulty  man,  but  the  cam  lowing  explanation  of  this  passage,  as 

°?e;  who,  not  possessing  any  honors  read  by  Bentley : 

e,ther  of  birth  or  station,  as  was  the  "  The  perfectly virtuous  and  thoroughly 

c^e  with  Horace,  the  son  of  a  freed  vicious,"  says  he,  "are  equally  insensible 

'BSD,  would  be  desirous  of  obtaining  to  good  and  evil  report;  the  one  despises  it 

some  honours,    no  matter  whether  *•  worthlcss,  the  other  as  powerless.  It 

  jj  only  the  man  who,  though  faulty,  men- 

„.„„..        ,              ,             „  donu,  is  still  open  to  amendment,  medi- 

l?     .  have  done  their  be8t  to  Pollute  candu*,  that  is,  desirous  of  gaining  the 

*e  parity  of  English  by  every  abomma-  honour  of  false  praise  from  some,  and 

t>0Q  emanating  from  the  small-beer  minds  fearful  of  exciting  the  lyinir  scandal  of 

°f  the  march-of-intellect  era.  others."  *^ 

6k.nt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  2  K 


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250 


[Sept. 


ON  SHAKSPEARE  8  SONNETS,  THEIH  POETICAL  MERITS,  AND  ON  THE  QUESTION 
TO  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADDRESSED,  BY  D.  L.  RICHARDSON. 


AT  a  time  when  our  elder  poets  are 
so  much  studied,  and  so  justly  ad- 
mired, it  seems  not  a  little  extraor- 
dinary that  the  Sonnets  of  the  im- 
mortal Shakspeare  should  be  almost 
utterly  neglected.  When  alluded  to, 
as  they  rarely  are,  by  modern  critics, 
it  is  generally  to  echo  the  flippant  in- 
solence of  Stccvens,  who  asserted  that 
"  nothing  short  of  the  strongest  act  of 
parliament  could  enlist  readers  into 
their  service."  We  know,  however, 
.that  in  Shakspeare's  lifetime,  these 
"  sugred  Sonnets,"  as  Meres  quaintly 
calls  them,  were  in  great  esteem,  and 
were  for  a  long  while  far  better  known 
than  many  of  the  Plays,  which  fell 
into  comparative  disrepute  for  some 
time  before  the  author's  death,  and 
were  not  published  in  a  complete 
state  until  several  years  after.  Only 
eleven  of  the  Dramas  were  printed 
during  the  Poet's  life.  Shakspeare 
died  (on  his  birth-day,  April  23)  in 
1616,  and  the  edition  I  have  alluded 
to,  was  printed  in  1623,  and  was  the 
joint  speculation  of  four  booksellers ; 
a  circumstance  from  which  M alone 
infers,  that  no  single  publisher  was  at 
that  time  willing  to  risk  his  money  on 
an  entire  collection  of  the  plays.  A 
bookseller  of  the  name  of  Jnggard  did 
not  hesitate  to  publish  on  his  own  ac- 
count, in  1599,  the  sonnets  which  ap- 
pear under  the  title  of  "  The  Pas- 
sionate Pilgrim/'  even  in  defiance  of 
the  author,  or  at  all  events,  without 
consulting  his  wishes.  The  collection 
was  so  inaccurate,  and  made  with  so 
little  care,  that  "  Marlow's  Madrigal," 
"Come  live  with  me,"  &c.  was  in- 
cluded in  it,  as  the  production  of 
Shakspeare.  The  unpopularity  of 
Shakspeare's  dramatic  works  during 
even  the  greater  part  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury, is  another  illustration  to  be 
added  to  a  thousand  others,  of  the 
capriciousness  of  the  public  taste.  In 
one  hundred  years  were  published  only 
four  editions"  of  his  plays,  and  now, 
perhaps,  next  to  the  Bible,  the  ex- 
clusive copyright  of  these  works  would 
be  more  valuable  than  that  of  any 
other  publication  that  has  yet  ap- 
peared. 


When  we  reflect  upon  the  manner  in 
which  the  Plays  have  been  subjected  to 
the  fickleness  of  the  public  mind,  we 
ought,  perhaps,  to  be  less  surprised  at 
the  fate  of  the  Sonnets.  There  are  also 
certain  considerations  connected  with 
the  latter,  which  may  render  their  pre- 
sent unpopularity  a  mystery  of  more 
easy  solution.  In  the  first  place,  we 
must  recollect  the  equivocal  nature  of 
their  subject,  and  secondly,  the  unpo- 
pular character  cf  the  sonnet,  as  a 
peculiar  form  of  verse.  It  is  true, 
that  at  the  time  of  their  original  pub- 
lication, the  sonnet  was  a  fashionable 
species  of  composition,  but  it  forced  its 
way  into  notice  rather  from  the  great 
reputation  of  its  cultivators,  than  from 
its  actual  adaptation  to  the  general 
taste. 

Another  cause  for  their  neglect  may 
be  discovered  in  the  enmity  of  Stee- 
vens,  whose  arrogant  and  tasteless  cri- 
ticisms have  had  a  strange  influence 
over  succeeding  commentators.  Alex- 
ander Chalmers  observes,  that  "  it  is 
perhaps  necessary  that  6ome  notice 
should  be  taken  of  Shakspeare's 
poems,  in  an  account  of  his  life  and 
writings,  although  they  have  never" 
(which  is  not  true)  "  been  favourites 
with  the  public;"  but  all  he  ventures 
to  add,  on  so  insignificant  and  un- 
worthy a  subject,  is  that  the  pe- 
remptory decision  of  Mr.  Steevens, 
on  the  merits  of  those  poems,  severe  as 
it  is,  only  amounts  to  the  general 
conclusion  of  modern  critics !  He 
has  also  the  audacity  and  folly  to  pre- 
tend, that  it  is  necessary  to  offer  some 
apology  for  inserting  the  poems  of 
William  Shakspeare  in  his  voluminous 
collection  of  the  British  Poets.  He 
ventures  to  assert  that  there  are 
"  scattered  beauties"  in  the  sonnets, 
"  enough,  it  is  hoped,  to  justify  their 
admission"  into  the  same  collection  in 
which  Corbet,  Turberville,  Pitt,  Yal- 
den,  Hughes,  Duke,  King,  Sprat, 
Walsh,  and  Pomfret,  have  each  an  ho- 
nourable place !  ! 

In  the  lives  of  Shakspeare,  in  most 
of  the  Encyclopedias,  a  contemptuous 
silence  is  observed  on  the  subject  of 
the  Sonnets ;  and  indeed,  the  mass  of 


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1835.] 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


2»1 


readers  at  the  present  day  are  not 
even  aware  that  Shakspeare  is  the 
aathor  of  a  volume  of  Miscellaneous 
Poems.  Wordsworth,  in  one  of  his 
prefaces  to  his  own  poems,  (pub- 
lished in  1815,)  announces  it  as  an 
interesting  fact,  that  such  a  work  is 
extant,  and  that  it  is  every  way 
worthy  of  the  illustrious  Shakspeare. 
Dr.  Drake,  however,  is  the  only 
writer  who  has  taken  up  the  subject 
with  the  enthusiasm,  that  every  thing 
connected  with  that  glorious  name  is 
so  well  calculated  to  awaken.  His 
indefatigable  industry,  and  the  ge- 
nuine love  of  literature  which  he  on 
all  occasions  exhibits,  excite  the  re- 
spect and  sympathy  of  every  generous 
mind.  He  has  contributed  more  than 
any  other  critic  with  whom  I  am  ac- 
quainted to  revive  these  unjustly  neg- 
lected poems. 

A.  regret  has  often  been  expressed 
that  we  have  little  beyond  a  collection 
of  barren  dates  in  what  is  called  the 
life  of  Shakspeare.    Now  I  conceive, 
and  in  this  opinion  I  do  not  stand 
alone,  that  if  any  new  light  be  thrown 
on  Shakspeare's  life  and  character,  it 
mast  result  from  a  careful  and  pro- 
found study  of  these  sonnets.  Fre- 
derick Schlcgel  has  observed,  that  it 
is  in  these  pieces  that  we  are  first  in- 
troduced to  a  personal  knowledge  of 
the  great    poet   and    his  feelings. 
"  When  he  wrote  sonnets,"  he  ob- 
serves, 44  it  seems  as  if  he  had  con- 
sidered himself  as  more  of  a  poet  than 
when  he  wrote  plays ;  he  was  the 
manager  of  a  theatre,  and  he  viewed 
the  drama  as  his  business ;  on  it  he 
exerted  all  his  intellect  and  power; 
but  when  he  had  feelings  intense  and 
secret  to  express,  he  had  recourse  to 
a  form  of  writing  with  which  his 
habits  had  rendered  him  familiar.  It 
is  strange  but  delightful  to  scrutinize, 
in  these  short  effusions,  the  character 
of  Shakspeare.    For  the  right  under- 
standing of  even  his  dramatic  works, 


these  lyrics  are  of  the  greatest  im- 
portance ;  they  show  us,  that  in  his 
dramas  he  very  seldom  speaks  "  ac- 
cording to  his  own  thoughts  or  feel- 
ings, bul  according  to  his  knowledge." 
This  is  also  the  opinion  of  his  cele- 
brated   brother,    Augustus  William 
Schlegc) ;  and  I  take  up  a  strong  po- 
sition indeed,  when  1  shelter  myself 
under  such  authorities.*   Mr. Thomas 
Campbell,  however,  has  expressed  his 
surprise  that  the  last  mentioned  critic, 
"  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  acute 
spirits  of  the  age,"  should  have  made 
this  "  erroneous  over-estimate  of  the 
light  derivable  from  these  poems,  re- 
specting the  poet's  history."  He 
contends,  that  the  facts  attested  by 
the  sonnets,  "  can  be  held  in  a  nut- 
shell;" that  they  do   not  unequi- 
vocally paint  the  actual  situation  of 
the  poet,  nor  make  us  acquainted  with 
his  passions;  nor  contain  any  con- 
fession of  the  most  remarkable  errors 
of  his  youthful  years.    He  does  not 
deny  that  some  slight  indications  of  a 
personal  nature  may  be  gathered  from 
a  careful  perusal,  but  considers  these 
to  be  grossly  exaggerated  by  the  Ger- 
man critic,  and  insists  that  the  son- 
nets contain  nothing  new  or  im- 
portant as  to  the  Poet's   life  and 
character.     Hazlitt  also,  for  whose 
critical  taste  and  acumen  I  have  ge- 
nerally a  high  respect,  has  strangely 
lost  himself  upon  this  subject.    "  Of 
the  sonnets,"  says  he,  *'  I  do  not 
well  know  what  to  say  ;"  as  if  their 
merit  were  a  doubtful  question.  He, 
however,  seems  to  rest  his  objection 
to  them  more  on  the  ground  of  the 
obscurity  of  their  subject,  than  their 
deficiency  of  poetical  attractions,  for 
he  admits  that  many  of  them  arc 
highly  beautiful  in  themselves,  and 
interesting,  as  they  relate  to  the  per- 
sonal feelings  of  the  author. 

These  sonnets  are  not  constructed 
after  the  legitimate  Italian  model,  nor 
do  they  possess  especial  claims  upon 


*  "  It  betrayed  an  extraordinary  deficiency  of  critical  acumen  in  the  com- 
mentators of  Shakspeare,  that  none  of  them,  as  far  as  we  know,  have  ever  thought  of 
availing  themselves  of  his  sonnets  for  tracing  the  circumstances  of  his  life.  These 
sonnets  paint  most  unequivocally  the  actual  situation  and  sentiments  of  ti?e  poet; 
they  enable  us  to  become  acquainted  with  the  passions  of  the  man  ;  they  even  contain 
the  most  remarkable  confessions  of  his  youthful  errors."  Lectures  on  Dramatic 
Literature,  by  Augustus  William  Schleyel.  The  remarks  of  Frederick  Schlegcl  I 
extract  from  his  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Literature,  ancient  nnd  modern."  ^ 


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On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


[Sept. 


our  notice,  as  specimens  of  a  particu- 
lar class  of  compositions.    After  what 
English  writer  Shakspeare  formed  his 
sonnets  has  been  a  matter  of  much 
inquiry.   This  species  of  poem  was 
introduced  into  England  during  the 
reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth.    In  1540, 
Wyatt  published  his  collection  of  Son- 
nets, which  were  constructed  very 
nearly  on  the  original  Italian  model. 
He  was  followed  in  the  same  depart- 
ment of  poetry  by  the  accomplished, 
but  unfortunate,  Surrey,  in  1557,  who 
produced  a  series  of  very  beautiful 
poems ;  to  which,  however,  the  Italian 
critics  would  have  reluctantly  con- 
ceded the  title  of  sonnet.    They  con- 
sist, in  the  same  manner  as  Shak- 
speare's, of  three  quatrains,  or  four 
line  verses,  with  alternate  rhymes, 
and  a  concluding  couplet.  Watson's 
Sonnets,  to  which  Steevens  absurdly 
assigns  the  superiority  over  those  of 
Shakspeare,  were  published  in  1581. 
They  are  extremely  inaccurate  in  their 
construction,  and  utterly  worthless  in 
point  of  diction,  thought,  and  imagery. 
They  do  not  even  preserve  the  ordi- 
nary limits  and  appearance  of  the  son- 
net; but  invariably  consist  of  eighteen 
lines,  instead  of  fourteen,  and  possess 
no  one  characteristic  that  entitles  them 
to  that  denomination.    Sidney's  Son- 
nets, published  in  1591,  are  built  more 
closely  after  the  Italian  model,  and  are 
often  extremely  elegant.  They  usually 
consist  of  an  octant  of  two  alternate 
rhymes,  and  a  sextant,  in  which  the 
first  line  and  the  third,  the  second  and 
the  fourth,  the  fifth  and  the  sixth,  arc 
made  to   rhyme  together.  Daniel, 
whose  fifty-seven  sonnets  (to  Delia) 
were  published  in  1592,  and  whom 
I  lead  ley  styles  the  Atticus  of  his  day, 
seems  to  have  followed  the  example 
of  Surrey,  and  formed  them  of  three 
elegiac  stanzas  and  a  couplet.  In 
1595,  the  tender  and  romantic  Spen- 
ser eclipsed  all  who  had  started  before 
him  by  a  series  of  eighty-eight  son- 
nets ;  these  consist  of  three  tetra- 
chords  in  alternate  rhyme,  the  last 
line  of  the  first  tetrachord  rhyming 
to  the  first  of  the  second,  and  the  last 
of  the  second  to  the  first  of  the  third, 
with  a  couplet  termination .  This  sys- 
tem, though  not  legitimate,  is  rather 
phasing.    The  next  writer  of  sonnets 
•f  any  note  is  Drayton,  who  formed 


his  poems  after  Surrey  and  Daniel* 
To  Drayton  succeeded  Shakspeare. 

M alone  and  Dr.  Drake  (to  the  latter 
of  whom  I  am  indebted  for  some  of 
the  above  dates,)  are  of  opinion  that 
the  sonnets  of  Daniel  were  the  proto- 
type of  Shakspeare's ;  and  though  their 
observations  on  this  subject  are  not. 
without  weight,  1  am  inclined  to  think 
that  Shakspeare  had  studied  all  the 
sonnet  compositions  of  his  predeces- 
sors, without  constructing  his  own 
after  any  particular  standard.  Daniel's, 
system  is  not  peculiar  to  himself ;  there 
were  other  writers,  both  before  and. 
after  him,  who  adopted  the  same  form  . 
As  to  his  turn  of  expression,  though, 
in   some  respects  similar  to  Shak- 
speare's, it  is  not  more  so  than  that  of 
his  other  contemporaries.    It  is  the 
diction  and  idiom  of  the  age.  Shak- 
speare not  being  an  Italian  scholar, 
and  not  therefore  acquainted'  with  the 
strict  models,  chose  the  system  that 
was  most  popular  at  the  time,  and 
which  was  certainly  the  most  easy  to 
construct,  and  perhaps  the  most  agree- 
able to  his  own  ear.    That  the  form 
of  three  elegiac  quatrains,  concluding 
with  a  couplet,  is  infinitely  less  diffi- 
cult than  the  Petrarchan  sonnet,  and 
is  capable  of  being  rendered  highly- 
musical  and  agreable  in  skilful  hands, 
no  critic  would  be  willing  to  dispute  ; 
but  it  is  not  entitled  to  the  name  of 
sonnet.    In  the  legitimate  sonnet  the 
first  eight  lines  should  have  but  two 
rhymes,  and  the  concluding  six  lines 
should  have  either  two  or  three  rhymes 
arranged    alternately.  Shakspeare's 
fourteen  line  effusions  are  very  exqui- 
site little  poems,  but  they  are  not 
sonnets ;  and  I  only  call  them  such 
to  distinguish  them  from  his  longer 
pieces,  and  because  they  are  generally 
recognized  by  that  title. 

I  shall  not,  on  the  present  occasion, 
enter  into  any  elaborate  explanation 
of  my  reasons  for  refusing  to  these 
poems  the  character  of  sonnets ;  but 
shall  content  myself  with  observing, 
that  their  defective  arrangement  in  the 
rhymes,  as  already  noticed,  and  their 
general  want  of  that  unity  and  point 
which  are  essential  to  the  true  sonnet, 
are  strong  objections  to  their  claims  to 
that  denomination.  Some  writers  have 
a  ridiculous  habit  of  calling  every  short 
poem  a  sonnet,  without  reference  to 


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1835.]  On  the  Sonnet 

its  precise  number  of  lines,  or  its  ge- 
neral arrangement.  They  might  just 
as  well  call  a  didactic  poem  an  ode,  a 
blank-verse  poem  a  song,  or  an  elegy 
an  epigram.  It  is  uncritical  and  inju- 
dicious to  confound  the  different  or- 
ders of  verse  by  inappropriate  titles. 

Many  people  disapprove  entirely  of 
the  system  of  the  sonnet  as  too  arbi- 
trary and  confined,  and  compare  it  to 
the  bed  of  Procrustes,  by  which  the 
limbs  of  the  victims  laid  thereon  were 
made  to  fit  by  being  either  stretched 
or  amputated,  as  the  case  required. 
They  object  to  its  being  limited  to  a 
precise  number  of  lines ;  as  if  the  same 
objection  might  not  be  made  to  every 
other  form  of  the  verse.    The  sonnet 
is  one  stanza  of  fourteen  lines,  as  the 
Spenserian  measure  is  one  stanza  of 
nine  lines.     Some  poems  have  been 
constructed  entirely  of  sonnet  stanzas. 
Though  the  Spenserian  stanza  is  much 
shorter,  it  is  generally  complete  in  it- 
self, and  the  sound  and  sense  are 
wound  up  together  by  the  concluding 
Alexandrine,  in  a  way  that  fully  sa- 
tisfies both  the  ear  and  the  mind. 
Even  in  eight  and  four-line  stanzas, 
there  is  usually  a  certain  unity  and 
completeness,  both  of  thought  and 
music.    These  laws  of  verse  are  not 
arbitrary  or  casual ;  but  depend  on 
certain  fixed  principles,  discovered  by 
the  intuitive  taste  and  discrimination 
of  genius.  Capel  Lofft  has  ingeniously 
insisted  on  the  perfection  of  the  son- 
net construction,  and  its  analogy  to 
music;  and  has  remarked  that  it  is 
somewhat  curious  that  two  Guidi  or 
Guittonni,  both  of  Arezzo,  the  birth- 
place of  Petrarch,  were  the  fathers, 
the  one  of  the  sonnet  and  the  other  of 
the  modern  system  of  musical  notation 
and  solomization.     I  am  not  suffi- 
ciently scientific  to  follow  him  in  all 
his  illustrations  ;  but  he  has  proved,  at 
least  to  my  satisfaction,  that  the  son- 
net is  as  complete  and  beautiful  a  form 
of  verse  as  any  that  has  been  yet  in- 
vented. I  of  course  allude  to  the  strict 
Petrarchan  or  Guidonian  sonnet.  The 
little  poems  of  Bowles  and  Charlotte 
Smith  are  merely  elegiac  stanzas,  with 
a  concluding  couplet ;  and  though  very 
pretty  and  pleasing  compositions,  pos- 
sess by  no  means  the  charm  which 
they  would  have  acquired  by  a  more 
rigid  adherence  to  the  Italian  model. 


of  Shakspeare.  253 

Of  later  years  a  more  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  Italian  literature  has 
opened  the  eyes  of  our  poets  to  the 
superior  beauty  of  the  legitimate  con- 
struction. The  true  Italian  sonnet  is 
a  labyrinth  of  sweet  sounds.  It  has 
all  the  variety  of  blank  verse,  with  the 
additional  charm  of  rhyme.  There  is 
no  precise  limit  to  the  number,  or  po- 
sition of  the  pauses,  and  the  lines  may 
so  run  over  into  each  other,  that  the 
cloying  effect  of  a  too  frequent  and 
palpable  recurrence  of  the  same  ter- 
minations need  never  be  experienced, 
if  the  poet  turn  his  skill  and  taste  to  a 
proper  account.  The  sonnet  is  not  adapt- 
ed to  all  subjects,  but  to  those  only 
which  may  be  treated  in  a  small  com- 
pass. A  single  sentiment  or  principle 
may  be  expressed  or  illustrated  within 
its  narrow  limits,  with  exquisite  and 
powerful  effect ;  but  it  is  not  adapted 
for  continuous  feeling  or  complex 
thought.  Pastorini's  celebrated  son- 
net of  Genoa,  and  the  equally  cele- 
brated sonnet  to  Italy  by  Filicaja,  are 
examples  of  the  capability  of  the  son- 
net to  give  effect  to  a  single  burst  of 
feeling,  or  to  one  pervading  idea,  sug- 
gested by  a  single  scene  or  circum- 
stance. Wordsworth,  who  is  the  most 
legitimate  and  by  far  the  finest  sonnet 
writer  in  the  English  language,  since 
Milton,  has  produced  several  perfect 
specimens  of  the  force  and  unity  of 
this  species  of  composition.  I  content 
myself  with  adducing  one  beautiful 
example : 

SONNET. 

Composed  on  Westminster  Bridge. 

Earth  has  not  anything  to  shew  more  fair ; 
Dull  would  he  be  the  soul  who  could  pass  by 
A  sight  so  touching  in  its  majesty  ; 
This  city  now  doth  like  a  garment  wear 
The  beauty  of  the  morning ;  silent,  bare, 
Ships,  towers,  domes,  theatres,  ana  temples  lie 
Open  unto  the  fields  and  to  the  sky  ; 
All  bright  and  glittering  in  the  smokeless  air. 
Never  did  sun  more  beautifully  steep 
In  his  first  splendour,  valley,  rock,  or  hill ; 
Ne'er  saw  I,  never  felt,  a  calm  so  deep ; 
The  river  glideth  at  his  own  sweet  will ; 
Dear  God  1  the  very  houses  seem  asleep, 
And  all  that  mighty  heart  is  lying  still. 

The  reader  feels,  as  this  fine  sonnet 
is  woundup  with  the  sublime  conclud- 
ing image,  that  there  is  no  want  of  an 
additional  lineor  an  additional  illustra- 
tion. Both  the  ear  and  mind  are  sa- 
tisfied. The  music  of  thought  and  the 
music  of  verse  are  exquisitely  blended, 


Digitized  by 


2a4 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


[Sept. 


and  seem  to  arrive  together  at  a  natu- 
ral termination.  It  reminds  me  of  the 
Portuguese  aphorism,  that  the  sonnet 
ought  to  be  shut  with  a  golden  key. 
The  Italians  say  that  it  should  be  a 
body  of  sweetness  with  a  sting,  by 
which  they  do  not  mean  that  its  ten- 
derness or  beauty  should  merge  into 
an  actual  epigram,  but  that  it  should 
end  with  point  and  spirit.  When  a 
sonnet  fails  to  exhibit  a  unity  and 
finish,  it  is  the  fault  of  the  artist. 
The  absurd  question  put  by  George 
Steevens,  in  allusion  to  Shakspcare's 
sonnets,  of,  "  What  have  truth  and 
nature  to  do  with  sonnets  ?  "  is  scarce- 
ly worthy  of  an  answer.  Truth  and 
nature  are  not  confined  to  any  particu- 
lar form  of  verse,  and  may  be  as  well 
embodied  in  the  fourteen-line  stanza 
as  in  any  other;  they  depend  on  the 
poet's  genius,  and  not  on  his  choice  of 
metre. 

It  is  true  that  the  sonnet  imposes 
many  peculiar  difficulties  on  the  poet; 
but  it  is  his  glory  to  overcome  them, 
and  we  do  not  find  that  bad  sonnets 
necessarily  contain  more  nonsense  than 
fourteen  lines  of  bad  blank  verse.  * 

But  it  is  time  to  draw  the  reader's 
especial  attention  to  the  sonnets  (for 
such  1  must  call  them)  of  Shakspeare. 
If  I  regret  their  defects  as  sonnets,  the 
truly  Shaksperian  beauties,  with  which 
they  are  so  profusely  sprinkled,  make 
me  delight  in  them  as  poems,  without 
any  reference  to  their  peculiar  class  or 
construction.  1  shall  commence  with 
pointing  out  what  I  conceive  to  be  spe- 
cimens of  their  poetical  merit;  and 
shall  afterwards  proceed  to  offer  some 
observations  upon  the  difficult  question 
of  to  whom  are  they  arc  addressed, 


which  seems  to  have  turned  the  heads 
of  some  of  the  Poet's  commentators. 

Mr.  Steevens  has  asserted  that  "  the 
sonnets  arc  composed  in  the  highest 
strain  of  affectation,  pedantry,  circum- 
locution, and  nonsense." 

Now  I  shall  endeavour  to  make  the 
reader  acquainted  with  the  real  nature 
of  the  poetry  thus  spoken  of,  and  then 
leave  him  to  his  indignation  and  asto- 
nishment at  such  critical  blasphemy  in 
one  who  set  himself  up  as  a  commen- 
tator on  Shakspeare,  and  a  pretender  to 
taste.  Leigh  Hunt  has  well  described 
Steevens  as  "  an  acute  observer  up  to 
a  certain  point,  but  who  could  write 
like  an  idiot  when  he  got  beyond  it." 
As  the  merit  of  these  little  poems  does 
not  consist  in  unity,  point  and  finish, 
but  in  the  freshness,  force,  beauty,  and 
abundance  of  the  thoughts  and  images, 
I  shall  not  confine  myself  to  entire  ex- 
tracts, but  give  such  lines  and  short 
passages  as  seem  most  remarkable,  and 
may  be  most  easily  separated  from  the 
context.  I  commence,  however,  with 
a  complete  poem,  in  which  the  writer 
persuades  his  friend  to  marry.  How 
easy  and  vigorous  are  the  two  first 
lines,  and  how  ingenious  and  striking 
are  the  two  last ! 

"  When  forty  winters  shall  besiege  thy  brow, 
And  dig  deep  trenches  in  thy  beauty's  field, 
Thy  youth's  proud  livery,  so  grazed  on  now, 
Will  be  a  tattered  weed  of  small  worth  held. 
Then  being  asked  where  all  thy  beauty  lieu, 
Where  all  the  treasure  of  thy  lusty  days  ; 
To  sav  within  thine  own  deep  sunken  eyes, 
Were  "an  all-eating  aliaine  and  shriftleas  praise. 
Uow  much  more  praise  deserved  thy  beauty's 

use,  [mine 
If  thou  couldst  answer— "This  fair  chdd  of 
Shall  sum  my  count,  and  make  my  old  excuse — ** 
Proving  his  l>eauty  by  succession  thine. 
This  were  to  be  new  made  when  thou  art  old, 
And  see  thy  blood  warm  when  thou  feel'at  it 

cold." 


*  In  the  notice  of  Robert  Walpole's  Poetical  translations  from  the  Greek,  Spanish, 
and  Italian,  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  (1K05)  it  is  observed  that  **  this  species  of  com- 
position has  been  called,  by  an  excellent  writer,  the  most  exquisite  jewel  of  the  Muses. 
With  its  it  has  been  naturalized.  Milton  and  Gray,  who  have  cultivated  it  with  most 
success,  both  drunk  from  the  sweet  streams  of  Italy,  where  a  single  sonnet  can  give 
immortality  to  its  author,  while  the  longer  poems  of  his  contemporaries  are  buried  in 
oblivion.  In  adding  that  the  strict  laws  of  the  sonnet  ought  not  to  be  departed  from, 
the  Reviewer  remarks,  "Gray  has  observed  them  scrupulously."  I  cannot  understand 
this  prominent  notice  of  Gray  as  a  sonnet  writer.  He  wrote  only  one,  and  even  that  is 
omitted  in  Chalmers's  collection  ?  Though  a  good  sonnet,  its  excellence  is  by  no 
means  extraordinary.  Milton's  sonnets  arc  unquestionably  the  best  in  our  language, 
and  possess  a  severe  dignity  that  may  be  referred  to  as  a  triumphant  disproof  of  the 
vulgar  notion,  that  this  form  of  verse  is  necessarily  confined  to  ingenious  conceits  or 
maudlin  sentiment. — D.L.R. 


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1835] 


On  the  Sonnc/s  of  Shakspeare. 


255 


The  following  lines,  in  which  the 
same  subject  is  continued,  contain  one 
of  those  vivid  images  that  are  only 
flashed  from  the  fancy  of  the  genuine 
poet  : 

"  Thou  art  thy  mother's  glass,  and  she  in  thee 
Calls  back  the  lovely  Aprtl  of  her  prime  ; 
So  thou  through  windows  of  thine  age  shall  see, 
Despite  of  wrinkles,  this  thy  golden  time." 

Where  in  any  modern  poem  may 
we  look  for  such  a  description  of  sun- 
rise as  the  following  ?  There  is  a 
freshness  of  imagery,  a  masculine  sim- 
plicity and  strength  of  diction,  and  a 
noble  freedom  of  versification,  in  this 
pa;sage,  and  in  many  others  of  the 
same  glorious  writer',  that  fill  the 
reader  with  surprise  and  delight. 

*  Lo  !  in  the  orient  when  the  gracious  light 
Lifts  up  his  burning  head,  each  under  eye 
Doth  homage  to  his  new  appearing  sight, 
!$erving  with  looks  his  sacred  Majesty  ; 
And  having  climbed  the  steep-up  heavenly  hill, 
Resembling  strong  youth  in  his  middle  age, 
Yet  mortal  looks  adore  his  beauty  still 
Attending  on  his  golden  pilgrimage." 

Scarcely  less  delightful  is  the  fol- 
lowing passage  : 

"  When  I  do  count  the  clock  that  tells  the  time, 
And  see  the  brave  day  sunk  in  hideous  night, 
When  1  behold  the  violet  past  prime, 
Ami  sable  curls  all  silvered  o'er  with  white ; 
When  lofty  trees  I  see  barren  of  leaves, 
Which  erst  from  heat  did  canopy  the  herd, 
And  summer's  green  all  girdea  up  in  sheaves, 
Borne  on  the  bier,  with  white  and  briestly 
beard ; 

Then  of  thy  beautv  do  I  question  make — 
That  thou  among  the  wastes  of  time  must  go  !" 

There  is  a  mellowness  of  sentiment, 
and  a  tenderness  of  feeling  in  the  fol- 
lowing sonnet,  written  in  the  decline 
of  the  Poet's  life,  to  which  the  coldest 
reader  could  hardly  be  insensible. 

"That  time  of  year  thou  may'st  in  me  behold, 
When  yellow  leaves,  or  none,  or  few,  do  hang, 
t;pon  those  boughs  that  shake  against  the  cold, 
Bare  ruined  choirs,  where  late  the  sweet  birds 
sang. 

In  me  thou  seest  the  twilight  of  such  day 
As  after  sunset  fadeth  in  the  west, 
Which  by  and  by  black  night  doth  take  away, 
Death's  second  self,  that  seals  up  all  in  rest. 
In  me  thou  seest  the  glowing  of  such  fire 
That  on  the  ashes  of  his  youth  doth  lie, 
Aii  the  deathbed  whereon  it  doth  expire 
Consumed  with  that  which  it  was  nourished  by. 
Ibis  thou  perceiv'st — which  makes  thy  love 
more  strong,  [long." 
To  love  that  well,  which  thou  must  leave  ere 

There  is  infinite  grace  and  ingenui- 
ty in  the  following  apology  for  his  long 
silence.  The  line  in  italics  is  inex- 
pressibly delightful. 


My  love  is  strengthened,  though  more  weak  in 
seeming ; 

I  love  not  less,  though  less  the 
That  love  is  merchandized, 

teeming 

The  owner's  tongue  doth  publish  every  where. 
Our  love  was  new,  and  then  but  in  its  spring, 
When  I  was  wont  to  greet  it  with  my  lays  ; 
As  Philomel  in  summer's  front  doth  sing, 
And  stops  his  pipe  in  growth  of  riper  days. 
Not  that  the  summer  is  less  pleasant  now, 
Than  when  her  mournful  hymn*  did  htuh  the 
night, 

But  that  wild  rnusick  burthens  every  bough. 
And  sweets  grown  common  lose  their  dear  de- 
light. 

Therefore,  likelier,  I  sometimes  hold  my  tongue. 
Because  1  would  not  dull  you  with  my  song." 

I  am  particularly  pleased  with  the 
following  couplet.  The  imagery  and 
the  harmony  are  both  perfect. 

TO  TIME. 

"  Oh  !  carve  not  w  ith  thine  hours  my  love's 
fair  brow, 

Nor  draw  no  lines  therewith  thineantiquejten." 

The  profound  pathos  and  flowing 
melody  of  the  ensuing  sonnet  will  be 
immediately  acknowledged  by  every 
reader  of  taste  and  sensibility. 

"  No  longer  mourn  for  me  when  I  am  dead, 
Than  you  shall  hear  the  sullen  surly  bell 
Give  warning  to  the  world  that  I  am  fled 
From  this  vile  world,  with  vilest  worms  to 
dweU ; 

Nay  if  you  read  this  line,  remember  not 
The  hand  that  writ  it ;  for  I  love  you  so, 
That  I  in  your  sweet  thoughts  would  be  forgot, 
If  thinking  on  me  then  should  make  you  woe. 

0  if  (I  say)  you  look  upon  this  verse, 
When  I  perhajw  compounded  am  with  clay, 
Do  not  so  much  as  my  poor  name  rehearse, 
Uut  let  your  love  e'en  with  my  life  decay  ; 
Lest  the  wise  world  should  look  into  vour  moan, 
And  mock  you  with  me  after  I  am  gVme." 

The  next  brief  extract,  in  which  the 
Poet  expresses  his  willingness  to  bear 
all  the  blame  of  his  forced  separation 
from  his  friend,  is  equally  touching. 
There  is  wonderful  force  in  the  line  in 
italics. 

"  Knowing  thy  will, 
/  trill  acquaintance  itranglc,  and  look  ttranoe  ; 
Be  absent  from  thy  walks  ;  and  on  my  tongue 
Thy  sweet  beloved  name  no  more  shall  dwell, 
Lest  I  (too  much  profane)  should  do  it  wrong, 
And  haply  of  our  old  acquaintance  tell." 

The  two  first  lines  and  the  expres- 
sion of  "  death's  dateless  night,"  in  the 
last  line  of  the  following  extracts,  are 
very  beautiful : 

II  When  to  the  seasons  of  sweet  silent  thought 

1  summon  up  remembrance  of  things  past, 
I  sigh  the  lack  of  many  a  thing  I  sought, 
And  with  old  woes  new  wail  my  dear  time's 

waste. 

There  can  I  drown  an  eye  unused  to  flow 
For  precious  friends  hid  in  death's  dateless 
night." 


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25  C 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


[Sept. 


The  following  is  a  fine  burst  of  poetry, 
and  is  characterized  by  that  easy  force 
of  style,  and  exuberance  of  fancy,  and 
that  "almost  miraculous  felicity  of  dic- 
tion, which  seem  peculiar  to  thismighty 
genius.  His  descriptions  of  morning 
come  upon  us  like  the  dawn  itself. 

w  Full  many  a  glorious  morning  have  I  seen, 
Flatter  the  mountain  tops  with  sovereign  eye, 
Kissing  with  golden  face  the  meadows  green. 
Gilding  pale  streams  with  heavenly  alchemy." 

But  instead  of  particularising  in  this 
way  the  various  gems  in  these  sonnets, 
I  will  now  heap  a  few  more  together, 
and  let  the  reader  make  his  own  com- 
ments on  their  beauty. 

u  Like  as  the  waves  make  to  the  pebbled  shore, 
So  do  our  minutes  hasten  to  their  end." 
'♦Great  princes'  white  favourites  their  fair  leaves 


"  The  worth  of  that,  is  that  which  It  contains, 
And  that  is  this,  and  this  with  thee  remains. 

I  am  to  wait,  though  waiting  so.  be  hell ; 
Not  blame  your  pleasure,  be  it  ill  or  well. 

For  sweetest  things  turn  sourest  by  their 

deeds  ; 

Lillies  that  fester,  smell  far  worse  than  weeds. 

For  we,  that  now  behold  these  present  days. 
Have  eyes  to  wonder,  but  lack  tongues  to  p 


But  as  the  marigold  at  the  sun's  eve ; 
.And  in  themselves  their  pride  lies  buried, 
For  at  a  frown  they  in  their  glory  die." 
"  So  flatter  I  the  swart-complexioned  night. 
Thy  glass  will  show  thee  how  thy  beautie's  wear, 
Thy  dial  how  thy  precious  minutes  waste : 
The  vacant  leaves  thy  friend's  impriut  will  bear, 
And  of  this  book  this  learning  may'st  thou 
taste. 

The  wrinkles  which  thy  glass  will  truly  show, 
Of  mouthed  graves  will  give  thee  memory  ; 
Thou  by  thy  dial's  shady  stealth  may'st  know 
Time's  thievish  progress  to  eternity." 

 u  Three  winters  cold 

Have  from  the  forests  shook  three  summers' 
pride ;  [turned, 
Three  beauteous  springs  to  yellow  autumn 
In  process  of  the  seasons  have  I'seen, 
Three  April  perfumes  in  three  hot  Junes  burned, 
Since  first  I  saw  you."— 

**  And  truly  not  the  morning  sun  of  heaven 
Better  becomes  the  grey  cheeks  of  the  East, 
Nor  that  full  star  that  ushers  in  the  even 
Doth  half  that  glory  to  the  sober  west, 
As  those  two  mourning  eyes  become  thy  face." 

O  call  not  me  to  justify  the  wrong. 
That  thy  unkindness  lays  upon  my  heart ; 
Wound  me  not  with  thine  eye,  but  with  thy 
tongue." 

"  Ah  1  do  not  when  my  heart  hath  'scaped  this 
sorrow 

Come  in  the  rearward  of  a  conquered  woe." 

"  Did  not  the  heavenly  rhetoric  of  thine  eye, 
'Gainst  which  the  world  can  ne'er  hold  argu- 
ment." 

u  Not  mine  own  fears  nor  the  prophetic  soul 
Of  the  wide  world,  dreaming  on  things  to  come." 

Those  persons  to  whom  1  may  have 
the  good  lortune  to  introduce  Shak- 
speare as  a  sonnet  writer,  will  feel  no 
little  surprise  at  the  extreme  elegance 
and  accuracy  of  his  verse.  There  is 
an  occasional  smartness,  terseness, 
and  antithesis  in  many  of  his  poems, 
that  people  are  apt  to  consider  pecu- 
liar to  the  moderns.  There  is  a  ba- 
lanced melody,  a  point,  and  opposi- 
tion, in  the  following  couplets,  that 
have  not  been  excelled  by  Pope  or 
Darwin.  And  yet  they  were  written 
upwards  of  two  ceuturiC6  ago. 
4 


But  thence  I  learn,  and  find  the  lesson  true, 
Drugs  poison  him,  that  so  fell  sick  of  you. 

Him  have  I  lost ;  thou  hast  both  him  and  me  ; 
He  pays  the  whole,  and  yet  I  am  not  free. 

For  I  have  sworn  thee  fair ;  more  perjured  I, 
To  swear,  against  the  truth,  so  foul  a  lie. 

Come  there  for  cure,  and  this  by  that  I  prove, 
Love's  fire  beats  water,  water  cools  not  love. 

Blessed  are  you.  whose  worthiness  gives  scope. 
Being  had,  to  triumph,  being  lacked,  to  hope.'* 

After  these  specimens,  to  which  I 
could  add  a  thousand  others,  John- 
son's talk  about  the  rude  state  of  Eng- 
lish versification  before  the  time  of 
Waller  and  Pope  is  worse  than  foolish. 
It  was  disgraceful  in  a  writer,  who  set 
himself  up  for  a  historian  of  poetry  and 
poets,  to  pass  over  the  age  of  Shak- 
speare in  the  way  he  has  done. 

I  have  as  yet  confined  myself  to  a 
consideration  of  their  poetical  merit ; 
but  though  I  do  not  propose  to  enter 
fully  into  the  question  at  present,  I 
cannot  help  subjoining  a  few  passages 
to  support  Schlegel's  position,  that 
much  of  the  Poet's  personal  history 
and  private  feelings  is  revealed  in  these 
condemned  and  neglected  Sonnets. 

The  following  sonnet  contains  a 
touching  allusion  to  his  profession  as 
an  actor,  an  acknowledgment  of  bis 
follies,  which  he  no  doubt  rightly  at- 
tributes to  the  influence  of  his  unfor- 
tunate circumstances,  and  an  avowal 
of  profound  repentance.  Pope  has 
observed  that  "Shakspeare  was  obliged 
to  please  the  lowest  of  the  people  and 
to  keep  the  worst  of  company."  Chal- 
mers replies  to  this,  that  we  have  only 
Pope's  conjecture  on  the  subject.  Now 
if  Chalmers  had  only  judged  for  him- 
self, and  had  not  turned  from  Shak- 
speare's  poems  with  disdain,  because 
they  were  not  good  enough  for  Mr. 
Steevens,  he  might  have  met  with  the 
ensuing  passage,  which  would  have 
convinced  him  that  Pope  was  correct 
in  his  assertion. 

"  O,  for  my  sake  do  you  with  Fortune  chide, 
The  guilty  goddess  of  my  harmful  deeds, 


That  did  not  better  for  my  life  provide, 
Than  public  means,  wliicF 
breeds. 


Thence  comes  it  that  my  name  receives  a  brand, 
And  almost  thence  my  nature  is  subdued 
To  what  it  works  in,  like  the  dyer's  band. 

( 7b  be  continued.) 


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257 


ST.  STEPHEN'S  CHAPEL. 
(With  a  Plate.) 

THE.  atteution  of  the  public  having    strong  and  constitutional  power  we 
been  so  forcibly  and  repeatedly  di-    possess  as  men  and  as  Englishmen,  in 
wcted  to  the  preservation  of  the  re-    electing  our  representatives,  and  vir- 
mains  of  the  ancient  royal  Chapel  of   tually  exercising  a  powerful  voice  in 
St.  Stephen,  a  recurrence  to  the  sub-    the  government;  and  seeing,  too,  that 


ject,  at  the  present  time,  may  appear 
to  many  to  be  but  a  reiteration  of  the 
numerous  well  written  and  energetic 
appeals,  which  have  so  lately  been 
made  in  the  various  departments  of 
the  periodical  literature  of  the  day. 
But  while  the  subject  hangs  in  doubt, 
while  the  ruins  silently  and  pitiably 
call  attention  to  their  desolate  situa- 
tion, and  appear  to  solicit  the  aid  of 
every  voice  which  may  be  able  to  ob- 
tain a  hearing,  as  well  as  of  every  pen 
which  possesses  a  claim  to  considera- 
tion, it  "becomes  a  solemn  duty  to  take 
every  opportunity  of  again  and  again 
pressing  the  subject  before  the  notice 
of  the  influential  in  the  world,  those 
on  whose  fiat  hangs  the  destiny  of  one 
of  the  most  interesting  of  ruins  in  the 
kingdom  ;  of  one,  shall  We  say  ? — no, 
the  building  which  is  now  advocated 


the  established  institutions  can  be 
moulded  and  re-modeled  tosuit  modern 
circumstances  and  altered  times,  and 
that  even  a  great  change  can  be  effected 
where  necessary,  uninfluenced  by  the 
factions  which  have  shaken  every  de- 
mocratical  state  to  the  base!  We 
feel  that  no  man  who  reflects  on  these 
blessings  and  these  benefits,  can  view, 
without  feelings  of  emotion,  the  shat- 
tered walls  of  a  building  in  which  one 
branch  of  the  constitution  has  sate 
during  the  most  important  period  of 
its  history,  and  in  which  the  measures 
have  originated,  or  have  been  settled, 
which  have,  with  Divine  aid,  secured 
to  them  those  invaluabe  privileges. 
Within  these  walls,  what  a  long  array 
of  statesmen  and  senators  pass  in  re- 
view !  what  mighty  events  rush  on 
our  vision  ! — The  unlimited  freedom 


may,  without  fear  of  censure  for  hy-  of  speech,  which,  with  few  exceptions, 
perboltcal  or  even  overstrained  appro-    has  ever  been  enjoyed  by  the  repre- 


bation,  be  justly  styled  the  most  inte 
resting  and  sacred  edifice  in  the  United 
Kingdom;  and  never  can  it  be  said 
that  an  appeal  in  favour  of  such  an 
edifice  can  be  too  late. 

The  Chapel  of  St.  Stephen  does  not 
rest  its  claims  to  preservation  so  much 
on  the  ground  of  its  original  and 
sacred  character  as  an  edifice  dedicated 
to  religious  worship— no,  it  is  to  the 
later  appropriation  of  the  structure  to 
the  uses  of  a  British  House  of  Com- 
mons that  the  intense  interest  which 
attaches  to  the  venerable  walls  is 
mainly  owing.  Let  us  view  our  king- 
dom in  its  present  state  of  elevation 


sentatives  of  the  people  within  the 
hallowed  walls  of  St.  Stephen,  has,  in 
effect,  been  the  surest  barrier  against 
tyranny  which  any  nation  could  pos- 
sess ;  and  if  the  voice  of  faction  was 
unhappily  once  predominant — if  it  led 
to  the  subversion  of  the  altar  and  the 
throne,  we  know  what  were  the  re- 
sults. The  assumption  of  the  supreme 
government  by  the  House  of  Commons, 
led,  as  every  successful  faction  has 
ever  done,  eventually  to  tyranny  ;  and 
the  scenes  of  those  times  recorded  in 
the  page  of  history,  hold  forth  a  lesson 
and  a  warning  to  succeeding  Parlia- 
ments, which  will  never  be  told  in 


among  modern  nations;  witness  our  vain.  The  ruined  walls  of  St.  Stephen's 

apostolic  church  establishment;  wit-  desecrated  fane  speak  aloud  to  the 

ness  our  empire,  extended  over  the  nation  in  the  present  days  of  reform 

globe,  and  blessing  with  its  protection  and  change,  and  proclaim  that  the 

the  enslaved  and  the  miserable  !  see  voice  of  a  Cromwell  was  once  heard 

our  commerce  and  our  manufactures  within  their  inclosure,  and  from  thence 

ruling  every  market,  and  our  ships  a  Bradshaw  was  chosen  to  sit  in 

filling  every  port ! — At  home,  enjoying  judgment  on  his  King.    But  whatever 

the  protection  of  an  excellent  consti-  may  be  their  future  destiny,  their  his- 

tution,  and  a  settled  government ;  se-  torical  glory  has  departed ;  the  events 

curing'  to  every  man  a  very  extensive  which  are  in  store,  whether  of  good 

share  of  personal  freedom,  feeling  the  or  evil,  will  transpire  within  other 
*  G*.vr.  xMa«.  Vol.  IV.  2  L 


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258 


St.  Stephen's  Chapel. 


[Sept. 


walls,  which  will  possess  none  of  the 
proud  associations  which  attach  to 
those  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel. 

But  it  is  not  alone  in  an  historical 
light  that  the  remains  of  this  edifice 
are  entitled  to  protection.  The  archi- 
tectural beauties  of  the  relics,  scanty 
indeed  as  they  are  when  compared 
with  what  the  Chapel  was  in  its  full 
blaze  of  glory,  are  still  replete  with 
interest,  and  still  possess  that  elegance 
which  results  from  true  proportion 
and  symmetry  of  form. 

The  chapel  was  first  erected,  it  is 
believed,  by  the  warlike  Stephen,  and 
by  him  dedicated  to  bis  namesake  the 
Protomartyr ;  but  the  present  building 
owes  its  existence  to  the  munificence 
of  two  English  monarchs — the  greatest 
and  the  wisest  and  the  best  perhaps  of 
the  ancient  kings  succeeding  the  con- 
quest. 

Edward  the  First,  on  the  28th  April, 
the  twentieth  year  of  his  reign,  began 
a  structure  on  the  site  of  the  older 
one,  which,  from  the  usual  character 
of  the  Norman  work  of  the  time  of 
Stephen,  was,  in  all  probability,  small 
and  confined.  Prior  to  the  period  of 
this  its  first  re-edification,  Pointed 
Architecture  had  arrived  at  its  most 
perfect  state  of  purity.  The  Gothic  of 
Salisbury,  in  English  Architecture 
ranked  in  the  same  degree  as  the  Doric 
of  Athens  did  in  the  Greek.  At  the 
period  above  mentioned,  a  great  change 
was  in  progress,  like  the  rich  and  or- 
namental Corinthian  superseding  the 
chaste  simplicity  and  grandeur  of 
the  Doric  ;  the  Pointed  style  was  then 
taking  a  very  different  form  ;  the  sim- 
ple lancet  openings  were  giving  way 
to  large  and  enriched  windows  with 
mullions  and  tracery,  and  the  face  of 
the  walls  was  gradually  acquiring  the 
panelled  work,  which  afterwards 
made  such  a  marked  feature  in  our 
buildings.  In  this  improving  style  is 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel.  Edward  the 
First  continued  his  works  for  two 
years  ;  and  there  is  little  doubt  that 
he  completed  the  building  he  had  com- 
menced. Six  years  after  the  first  stone 
was  laid,  a  "  vehement  fire,"  to  use 
the  words  of  the  old  historian  Stow, 
(and  the  justice  of  the  expression  will 
be  fully  appreciated  by  every  one  who 
witnessed  the  recent  calamity,)  de- 
stroyed many  parts  of  the  palace  of 
Westminster,  and,  with  the  rest,  it  is 


supposed  St.  Stephen's  Chapel  suffer- 
ed, and  that  it  remained  in  ruin  until 
the  reign  of  Edward  III.    The  idea 
that  two  sovereigns  should  allow  the 
chapel  of  their  palace  to  continue  in. 
such  a  state  for  so  long  a  period,  is 
undeserving  of  serious  refutation.  The 
present  walls  are,  without  doubt,  in 
part,  if  not  wholly,  the  work  of  King 
Edward  the  First,  and  therefore,  if  the 
chapel  was  affected  by  this  vehement 
fire,  their  actual  existence  during  nearly 
six  centuries,  is  a  fact  worthy  of  serious 
attention  at  the  present  time.    If  they 
reached  our  day  comparatively  per- 
fect, notwithstanding  the  various  alte- 
rations (often  hastily  effected)  which 
the  occupation  of  the  structure  by  the 
Commons  rendered  necessary,  it  is 
plain  that  the  stone  of  which  they 
were  built,  and  which  is  known  to  be 
the  Caen  stone  from  Normandy,  the 
material  so  highly  prized  by  our  an- 
cient architects,  must  have  been  little, 
if  at  all,  acted  upon  by  fire. 

Why,  then,  are  we  now  to  be  told 
that  this  stone  has  all  at  once  lost  its 
natural  properties  ?  How  is  it  that 
an  architect  rather  than  a  chemist  has 
discovered  that  it  will  so  readily  con- 
vert itself  into  lime?  We  hear  that 
this  stone  has  been  subjected  to  fire 
and  water,  and  came  out  of  the  double 
trial  harder  than  before  it  went  in,  and 
we  have  historical  evidence  that  in 
many  instances  it  has  survived  the 
devastations  of  flame  in  our  ancient 
monasteries  and  churches,  and  reached 
our  own  day  uninjured.  Yet  we  are 
now  to  believe  that  at  St.  Stephen's 
alone  it  assumes  a  different  and  un- 
usual character. 

The  present  chapel  has  sustained  the 
attacks  of  two  fires,  and  its  walls  are, 
in  the  opinion  of  able  men,  still  suffi- 
cient to  be  used  in  a  new  structure ; 
this  agrees  with  the  established  charac- 
ter of  Caen  stone,  and  strong  evidence 
should  be  required  before  its  powerful 
claims  to  durability  are  set  at  nought. 

For  the  present  purpose,  it  is  suffi- 
cient merely  to  glance  at  the  works  of 
King  Edward  the  Third.  The  colle- 
giate establishment  attached  to  the 
Chapel  owes  its  foundation  to  this  po- 
tent sovereign,  who,  in  one  day,  found- 
ed within  his  royal  palaces  two  of  the 
noblest  ecclesiastical  colleges  in  Eng- 
land, St.  Stephen's  and  Windsor. 
That  such  a  Chapel  should  be  worthy 


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St.  Stephens  Chapel. 


293 


a  founder  so  powerful  and  so  good, 
and  at  the  same  time,  perhaps,  be  des- 
tined as  a  monument  of  grateful  ac- 
knowledgment to  that  Supreme  King 
who  had  elevated  the  earthly  monarch 
to  this  point  of  splendour  and  glory, 
Edward,  it  appears,  determined  to  or- 
nament the  chapel  in  a  degree  beyond 
that  in  which  any  building  of  modern 
tiroes  was  ever  embellished;  he  con- 
templated the  painting,  gilding,  and 
enamelling  of  the  entire  interior  :  the 
ceiling  splendidly  coloured  ;  the  win- 
dows glowing  with  the  richest  tints  of 
stained  glass  ;  the  walls  enriched  with 
paintings,  such  as  Athens  or  Pompeii 
might  boast  in  their  days  of  glory;  and 
the  floor  paved  with  tiles  beaming  from 
the  furnace  with  the  purest  hues,  and 
marked  with  devices  almost  vieing 
with  the  art  of  the  enamel ler. 

The  buildings  of  Athens  were  richly 
painted ;  the  decoration  which  we  have 
in  our  modern  vanity  fancied  to  be 
barbarous,  was  seen  even  upon  the 
statues  of  Pericles  :  perhaps,  in  the 
days  of  Edward,  ere  Athens  had  suf- 
fered from  Venetian  cannon  and 
Turkish  spoliation,  were  some  parts 
where  painted  porticoes  might  remain 
in  a  sufficient  degree  of  preservation 
to  attest  their  former  magnificence, 
and  those  arts  fostered  by  Byzantine 
magnificence,  and  rivalled  by  the  ela- 
borate Mosaics,  may  have  been  brought 
by  the  active  and  enterprising  Greek  to 
our  northern  coasts ;  for  certain  is  it, 
that  such  a  style  of  decoration  is  so 
ill  suited  to  the  humid  atmosphere  of 
this  country,  that  we  can  never  sup- 
pose it  to  be  a  native  invention. 

Rich,  indeed,  were  all  the  works  of 
this  reign,  as  the  splendid  illuminations 
and  the  gorgeous  brasses  which  have 
reached  us,  attest.  They  enable  us  to 
form  an  idea  of  the  brightness  of  this 
period ;  but  only  the  enthusiastic  mind 
can  picture  the  splendour  of  the  Royal 
Chapel  as  completed  by  the  third 
Edward,  who  for  that  purpose  appears 
to  have  obtained  the  aid  of  painters 
from  every  quarter  of  his  kingdom. 

The  buildings  for  which  the  aid  and 
sympathy  of  the  public  have  been  re- 
cently and  powerfully  excited,  have 
been  generally  those  which  through 
age  and  neglect  have  been  falling  into 
decay,  and  the  means  of  restoration 
could  only  be  obtained  by  public  sub- 
scription.   In  the  present  case,  there 


is  no  necessity  for  the  charity  of  the 
nation  to  be  incroached  upon  ;  the  ex- 
pression of  public  opinion  is  all  that  is 
required,  and  it  has  in  fact  been  pretty 
generally  expressed — so  generally,  and 
so  plainly,  that  it  is  to  be  hoped  its 
voice  will  not  be  drowned  in  the  cla- 
mours of  interested  opposition.  Two 
architects  of  eminence  have  taken  the 
lead  in  the  controversy,  Mr.  Savage 
and  Mr.  Cottingham  ;  they  are  said  to 
stand  alone.  True  it  is,  their  opinion 
is  opposed  to  those  of  the  other  profes- 
sional gentlemen  who  have  been  called 
on  to  survey  the  structure  :  at  the 
head  of  whom  is  Mr.  Wilkins,  the  ar- 
chitect of  the  National  Gallery.  With- 
out wishing  to  undervalue  professional 
opinions,  it  is  but  too  well  understood 
that  a  great  bias  is  always  seen  to- 
wards the  side  of  destruction,  whenever 
the  existence  of  an  ancient  relic  is 
called  into  question.  Pull  down  and 
re-build,  has  always  been  the  theme 
of  modern  architects,  as  many  an  old 
church  can  painfully  testify.  When 
we  see  two  gentlemen  venturing  their 
professional  reputation  on  the  other 
side  of  the  question,  and  courting  in- 
quiry into  the  truth  or  fallacy  of  their 
statements,  it  must  be  granted  that 
their  opinions  deserve  great  attention, 
and  they  eventually  will,  in  the  esti- 
mation of  the  discerning  and  indepen- 
dent portion  of  the  community,  have 
and  receive  great  weight. 

The  expense  of  restoration  is  here 
no  obstacle  :  Parliament,  even  in  these 
days  of  economy,  could  never  judge 
the  small  sum  necessary  to  restore 
what  now  exists  to  its  pristine  archi- 
tectural beauty,  and  even  the  strictest 
guardian  of  the  public  purse  would 
scarcely  divide  the  House  on  a  vote 
for  such  a  noble  purpose. 

The  engraving  which  accompanies 
this  notice,  differs  from  the  thousand 
and  one  which  have  been  published, 
as  the  artist  Mr.  R.  W.  Billings  has 
shown  the  ruins  in  a  novel  and  effec- 
tive point  of  view.  He  has  aimed  at 
conveying  to  our  readers  a  just  idea 
not  only  of  the  magnitude  of  the  ruins, 
but  also  of  the  character  and  beauty 
of  the  architecture,  and  has  success- 
fully achieved  his  object.* 


*  In  the  foreground  are  shown  the 
fireplaces,  and  other  indications  of  the 
several  Uttle  offices,  smoking-rooms,  and 


Digitized  by  Google 


260 

The  preservation  of  the  Chapel  would 
be  a  credit  and  an  honour  to  the 
nation,  and  the  renovated  structure, 
though  like  the  Second  Temple  of  Jeru- 
salem, it  should  fall  short  of  the  glories 
of  the  former  one,  would  be  a  monu- 
ment of  credit  to  an  age  in  which  so 
great  a  veneration  for  antiquity  is  so 
ardently  professed.  We  confidently 
hope  that  every  one  who  has  it  in  his 
power  to  exert  his  influence  in  favour 
of  this  pile,  will  do  so  with  firmness 
and  enthusiasm ;  and  we  have  little 
doubt  that,  with  the  new  Houses 
of  Legislature,  the  present  age  will 
have  the  satisfaction  of  beholding  the 
IIestoeed  Chapel  of  St.  Stephen. 

E.  1.  C. 

Tfat  our  readers  may  possess  the 
fullest  information  on  the  subject  of 
the  restoration  of  this  venerable  struc- 
ture, we  have  subjoined  the  following 
extract  from  the  professional  opinion 
of  Messrs.  Cottingham  and  Savage  : 

44  It  appears  from  the  report  of  Lord 
Duncan non's  speech,  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  of  the  15th  July,  that  Sir 
Jcffery  Wyattville  and  three  other  archi- 
tects agree  with  us,  4  that  the  building 
may  be  restored  without  any  difficulty, 
and  that  it  is  not  to  be  deemed  in  a  dan- 
gerousstate. *  Secondly,  our  opinions  were 
formed,  not  upon  a  survey  of  three  months 
ago  only,  but  upon  repeated  surveys 
shortly  after  the  fire,  and  again  about  three 
months  ago ;  and  we  have  again,  within 
the  last  week,  repeatedly  viewed  the  build- 
ing, and  we  beg  to  say  that  our  opinions 
remain  unchanged;  that  we  find  no  per- 
ceptible alteration  in  the  building  in 
the  last  three  months ;  and  that  we 
see  no  cause  to  alter  a  single  word 
in  the  letter  referred  to  of  the  28th 
March  last;  and,  without1  going  again 
over  the  whole  of  the  matter,  we  beg  to 
repeat  that  there  is,  in  the  remains  of  St. 
Stephen's  Chapel,  in  proportion,  as  much 


and  closets,  which  were  squeezed  in  be- 
tween the  buttresses  of  the  ancient  Chapel. 
Dependant  from  an  arch  on  the  oppo- 
site side,  twisted  by  the  action  of  the 
fire  into  the  form  of  loose  ropes,  are  two 
of  the  iron  bars  by  which  the  galleries  of 
the  House  of  Commons  were  suspended. 
♦.In  the  distance  is  the  river,  surmounted 
by  the  trees  and  towers  of  Lambeth.  It 
makes  one  shudder  to  observe  how  nearly 
the  fire  was  communicated  to  the  Hall, 
at  the  spot  where  this  view  was  taken ! 
the  upper  part  of  some  wooden  stairs  lead- 
ing from  the  wall  of  tha  Hall  was  actually 
burnt  short  off. 


£Sept. 

to  preserve,  and  as  capable  of  preser- 
vation and  restoration,  as  there  was  in 
Henry  the  Seventh's  Chapel. 

44  We  also  beg  to  say,  that,  in  our  opi- 
nions, the  assertion  of  Mr.  Wilkins  that 
*  the  remaining  portion  of  the  stone  is 
nearly  converted  into  lime'  is  a  great 
mistake.    The  stone  is  in  fact  not  a  lime 
stone  but  a  sand  stone,  from  Caen,  in 
Normandy ;    and,   like   most   of  our 
building  sand-stones,  it  contains  a  small 
portion  of  carbonate  of  lime,  but  not  suf- 
ficient to  cause  it  to  fall  to  powder  like 
limestone,  which,  after  being  burnt,  on 
application  of  water,  falls  to  powder, 
whereas  a  fragment  of  this  building,  from 
a  part  which  had  been  exposed  to  tbe 
greatest  heat,  has  been  immersed  in 
water  for  six  hours,  and  came  out  ap- 
parently even  harder  than  when  it  was 
put  in.    It  is  well  known  that  most  of 
our  building  sand-stones  are  acted  upon 
by  the  air  of  this  climate,  and  that  in  the 
progress  of  ages  the  surface  becomes  pul- 
verised ;  this  was  the  case  with  the  ex- 
terior of  Henry  the  Seventh's  Chapel, 
and  the  same  may  be  seen  at  the  Abbey, 
now  under  reparation  ;  and  the  fire  at  S*,. 
Stephen's  Chapel  made  but  little  ad- 
ditional injury  to  that  surface,  which 
time,  neglect,  and  wilfUl  mutilation  had 
already  brought  to  a  state  requiring  re- 
pair. 

44  We  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  those 
who  have  to  decide  upon  this  interesting 
question  to  these  facts,  and  urge  them  to 
examine  the  building  for  themselves,  and 
we  arc  confident  they  will  see  enough  to 
satisfy  them  that  there  is  no  danger  what- 
ever in  allowing  these  beautiful  and  in- 
structive remains  to  stand ;  and  thus  to 
compel,  if  possible,  in  the  plans  for  the 
new  Houses  of  Parliament,  an  exertion  of 
architectural  skill  and  taste  that  may 
combine  with  this  pure  and  elegant  ex- 
ample of  our  national  architecture. 

44  Jas.  Savage. 
L.  N.  Cottingham.'* 

* 

Protest  of  Architects  and  Artists. 

44  We,  the  undersigned,  having  heard  that 
it  is  the  intention  to  4  take  down  without 
delay  the  walls  of  this  chapel,  with  a  view 
to  safety,'  and  being  assured  of  its  stabi- 
lity, and  feeling  strongly,  as  we  do,  its 
value  as  one  of  the  most  important  and 
interesting  of  our  national  monuments, 
not  only  on  account  of  its  intrinsic  and 
unique  beauty  as  a  work  of  art,  but  also 
on  account  of  the  many  glorious  and  sa- 
cred recollections  with  which  it  is  identi- 
fied ;  its  having  re  echoed  the  eloquence 
of  a  Pitt,  a  Fox,  a  Burke,  a  Sheridan,  and 
a  Chatham ;  its  having  swayed,  in  the 
most  eventful  period  of  our  history,  the 
destinies  of  Europe  ;  its  having  been,  in 


St.  Stephen's  Chapel. 


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1835.] 


Monumental  Effigies  at  Dennington,  Suffolk. 


261 


its  *  high  and  palmy  state/  the  admira- 
tion of  the  most  enlightened  foreigners — 
witness  Erasmus,  and  many  others  ;  its 
having  been  founded  by  the  hero  of  Cressy 
and  Poicters,  and  having  been  the  temple 
in  which  his  Qneen  Philippa  and  their 
gallant  son,  the  Black  Prince,  offered  up 
their  thanksgivings   for  their  triumphs 
over  the  enemies  of  their  country ;  for 
these  and  other  considerations,  as  artists 
and  as  Englishmen,  we  solemnly  register 
this  our  public  protest  against  the  intend- 
ed removal,  as  an  unnecessary  destruction 


of  one  of  the  noblest  specimens  of  the  art* 

and  historical  monuments  of  England  : — 
William  Etty,  R.A.;GcorgeGwilt,  F.S.A., 
Union-street,  Southwark  ;  George  Smith, 
Mercers'  Hall;  Edward  I 'Anson,  Law- 
rence Pountney-lane  ;  Joseph  Gwilt,  20, 
Abingdon-street,  Westminster;  L.  N. 
Cottingham,  F.  S.  A.,  Waterloo-road  ; 
James  Savage,  Essex -street,  Strand ;  C. 
Stanfield,  R.A.;  H.  Perronet  Briggs.R.A.; 
Richard  Evans  ;  Daniel  M'Clise ;  S.  A. 
Hart ;  G.  Belton  Moore." 


MONUMENTAL  EFFIGIES  AT  DENNINGTON,  8UFF0LK. 

Mb.  Urban,                June  18.  account  of  Deptford,  or  West  Green- 

1N  your  number  for  November,  wich,  in  Kent.  *"  In  the  3rd  year  of 

1832,  is  an  interesting  article  by  your  Henry  V.  anno  1414,"  (say'rather 

valuable  correspondent,  Alfred  John  1415,)  "  it  was  found  by  Inquisition 

Kerope,  esq.  F.S.A.,  relative  to  the  (Rot.  Esch.)    that  Sir  John  Phelip 

monumental   effigies  in  Dennington  knight,  and  Alice  his  wife,  held  the 

Church,  Suffolk,  of  William  Phelip,  reversion  of  this  manor ;  and  that  Sir 

Lord  Bardolf,  and  his  lady.  William    Phelip,    knight,    was  his 

Dogdale,  in  his  Baronage,  Vol.  II.  brother  and  next  heir, 

p.  2 1 3,  states  that  this  William  Phelip  "  William  de  la  Pole,  Duke  of  Suffolk, 

"  was  son  to  Sir  John  Phelip,  of  Do-  at  the  time  of  his  death,  May  2,  in  the 

nyngeton  (Dennington)  in  com.  Suf-  28th  year  of  King  Henry  VI.  anno 

folk,  knt.  a  valiant  soldier  under  King  1449,  was  seised  of  the  manor  of 

Henry  V.  in  his  wars  of  France."  West  Greenwich,  leaving  John,  his 

Dr.  Nash,  in  describing  the  monu-  son,  seven  years  of  age." 

mental  effigies  at  Kidderminster,  of  I  will  add,  in  confirmation  of  the 

Matilda  Lady  Phelip,  and  her  two  above,  that  the  will  of  the  last  men- 

hosbands  Walter  Cooksey    and  Sir  tioned  Sir  John  Phelip,  partly  in  Latin 

John  Phelip,  evidently  considers  the  and  partly  in  French,  was  made  at 

foregoing  observations  of  Dugdale  to  his  house  in  London,  on  the  20th, 

be  applicable  to  the  last  mentioned  June,    1415,    and   was    proved  in 

party.    Mr.  Gough,  in  his  "  Sepul-  the  Prerogative  Court,  but  not  until 

chral  Monuments,"  follows  Dr.  Nash  1418. — In  it  are  respectively  named 

in  this  particular :  but  I  suspect  they  his  late    wife    Matilda,    the  three 

were  mistaken.  children  of  the  late  Walter  Cooksey; 

Sir  John  Phelip  of  Dennington,  the  his  (testator's,)  brother  Sir  William 
valiant  soldier  alluded  to  by  Dugdale,  Phelip;  the  manor  of  West  Greenwich; 
had,  besides  Sir  William,  another  son,  his,  (testator's)  wife,  Alicia;  (thecele- 
Sir  John,  and  I  will  suppose  that  he  hrated)  Sir  Thomas  Erpingham  ; 
also,  for  his  bravery,  deserved  the  Andrew  Botiller,  testator's  brother- in- 
same  epithet  which  has  been  applied  law  ;  several  of  the  Bresynghams,  &c. 
to  his  father.  It  was  this  Sir  John  the  It  appears,  upon  reference  to  the 
younger,  who  married  the  widow,  2nd  Vol.  of  Bloomfield's  Norfolk,  that 
Matilda  Cooksey  (formerly  St.  Pierre)  Sir  Thomas  Erpingham,  who  survived 
and  he  had  to  his  second  wife  Alicia  until  1428,  married  to  his  second  wife, 
Chaucer,  who  subsequently  became  Joan,  the  beautiful  daughter  of  Sir 
the  wife  of  William  de  la  Pole,  Duke  William  Clopton,  of  Clopton  in  Suf- 
of  Suffolk,  names  quite  familiar  to  those  folk,  in  right  of  whom  Sir  Thomas 
who  have  seen,  or  merely  read  of,  the  came  into  that  estate,  and  by  whom 
subjects  of  antiquarian  interest  at  he  had  an  only  daughter,  Julian,  who 
Ewelme  in  Oxfordshire.  became  the  wife  of  Sir  John  Phelip  j 
Quite  in  unison  with  this  view  of  that  Sir  John  and  his  wife  Julian 
the  case,  we  the  following  observa-  died  in  the  lifetime  of  Sir  Thomas, 
tions  of  Hasted,  extracted  from  his  and  that  the  heir  of  the  latter  was 


Digitized  by  Google 


2G2 


British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science. 


[Sept. 


Sir  William  Phelip,  knight,  who 
married  Joan,  daughter  and  coheir  of 
Thomas  Lord  Bardolf ;"  at  a  few 
pages  further  on,  however,  this  Julian 
is  called  the  daughter  and  heiress  (not 
of  Sir  Thomas  Erpiogham,  but)  of 
Sir  William  Clopton ;  and  I  suspect 
that  Bloorafield  had  not  derived  accu- 


rate information  as  to  the  connexion  be- 
tween the  Erpinghams  and  Phelips's  ; 
for  the  expressions  "  avunculus  "  and 
"  mon  oncle"  are  made  use  of  by  Sir 
John  Phelip,  in  his  said  will,  in  re- 
ference to  Sir  Thomas  Erpingham. 

J.  B.  G. 


BRITISH  ASSOCIATION   FOR  THE   PROMOTION   OF  SCIENCE. 


The  fifth  Annual  Meeting  of  this  As. 
sociation  took  place  at  Dublin,  in  the 
week,  August  10—15. 

The  principal  officers,  as  appointed  at 
the  close  of  the  Edinburgh  Meeting  last 
year,  were: — President,  Rev.  Bartholo- 
mew Lloyd,  D.D.  Provost  of  Trinity 
College;  Vice-Presidents,  Lord  Oxman- 
town,  the  Rev.  William  Whewell;  Se- 
cretaries. W.  Rowan  Hamilton,  Astro- 
nomer Royal  of  Ireland,  and  the  Rev. 
Humphrey  Lloyd,  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy;  Treasurer,  T.  Henry  Or- 
pen,  M.D. 

The  arrangements  made  by  the  recep- 
tion committee  were  excellent,  and  they 
were  greatly  aided  by  the  liberality  of  Sir 
John  Tobin,  who  sent  over  his  steamer, 
the  Hllliam  Penn,  from  Liverpool,  with  a 
large  party  on  Friday,  after  which  she 
returned  to  perform  a  similar  service  on 
Sunday.  A  deputation  from  Dublin  re- 
ceived the  passengers  at  Kingstown, 
whence  a  train  of  carriages,  granted  to 
the  Association  by  the  railway  company, 
conveyed  them  to  the  city. 

On  Friday  and  Saturday  mornings  the 
Examination  Hall  of  Trinity  College, 
which  had  been  appointed  as  the  place  of 
general  rendezvous,  presented  an  animat- 
ing spectacle  from  the  eagerness  of  can- 
didates to  learn  whether  they  had  gained 
admission,  and  the  general  anxiety  to  get 
a  sight  of  eminent  strangers.  Sir  John 
Ross,  Sir  John  Franklin,  Dr.  Coulter, 
the  recent  explorer  of  Mexico,  Dr.  Dal- 
ton,  Dr.  Rogct,  Professors  Babbage, 
Powell,  Murcbison,  and  many  other  emi- 
nent men,  were  among  the  crowd.  Moore, 
the  poet  and  historian  of  Ireland,  was 
admitted  by  acclamation,  without  the 
usual  formalities  and  fees. 

On  Saturday  evening  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians  invited  most  of  the  members 
that  had  arrived  to  a  conversazione  in  their 
library  and  museum,  at  Sir  Patrick  Dunn's 
Hospital. 

On  Sunday  the  William  Penn  brought 
the  second  party  of  members  from  Liver- 
pool. On  board  were  the  munificent 
owner  Sir  John  Tobin,  his  friend  Mr. 


S.  Turner,  who  had  the  conduct  of  tbo 
voyage,  Captain  Denham,  who  has  dis- 
covered ana  hud  down  a  new  channel  in 
the  Mersey,  of  vast  importance  to  the 
commerce  of  Liverpool,  Professor  Sedg- 
wick, Dr.  Daubeny,  Mr.  W.  Smith,  of 
Scarborough,  the  father  of  geological 
science,  Colonel  Dick,  of  New  Orleans, 
Dr.  Yelloly,  D.  Don,  the  botanists, 
&c.  &c.  Professor  Sedgwick  performed 
divine  service  and  preached ;  and  pre- 
viously christened,  in  the  new  channel, 
Annesley  Turner  Denham,  the  infant 
son  of  Captain  Denham. 

On  Monday,  at  1 1  o'clock,  the  several 
sections  repaired  to  business,  of  which  we 
shall  notice  the  particulars  hereafter. 

There  was  an  ordinary  at  Morrison's 
great  rooms,  Dawson-street,  at  which 
upwards  of  250  gentlemen  were  present, 
the  Surgeon-general  in  the  chuir,  sup- 
ported by  Lord  Cole,  Sir  T.  Brisbane, 
Sir  J.  Tobin,  Mr.  Moore,  &c.  Above 
two  thousand  persons  afterwards  assem- 
bled at  the  Rotunda,  where  the  Lord 
Lieutenant,  the  Earl  of  Mulgrave,  ar- 
rived soon  after  eight. 

Sir  Thomas  Brisbane,  the  president  of 
last  year,  then  addressed  the  meeting,  and 
proposed  Dr.  Lloyd  as  his  successor; 
who  then  delivered  an  address  of  con- 
siderable length,  principally  referring  to 
the  correspondence  of  the  objects  of 
Science  with  Divine  Revelation.  Pro- 
fessor Hamilton  afterwards  read  the 
Annual  Report,  with  remarks  on  some 
of  the  papers  contained  in  the  volume  of 
lastyear's  transactions. 

The  reports  of  the  Sections  for  that  day 
were  then  read,  and  the  meeting  closed 
with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Sir  John  Tobin 
for  his  convoy,  proposed  by  Professor 
Sedgwick,  and  seconded  by  Mr.  Mur- 
cbison. 

On  Tuesday,  after  the  Sectional  busi- 
ness was  concluded,  the  members  bro- 
ceeded  to  a  splendid  dejeuner,  given  by 
the  Zoological  Society,  in  their  grounds 
in  the  Phoenix  Park.  The  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant, the  Duke  of  Leiuster,  and  nearly 
all  the  distinguished  men  already  named 
were  present;  and,  the  doors  being  open  to 


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1 835.]  British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science.  263 


the  public,  nearly  6,000  shillings  were 
taken. 

In  the  evening,  at  the  Rotunda,  Dr. 
Lardner  delivered  a  lecture  of  nearly  two 
hours,  on  steam  and  locomotive  engines. 

On  Wednesday,  at  nine  o'clock,  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  gave  a  break- 
fast to  some  three  hundred ;  and  at  five 
o'clock  about  the  same  number  sat  down 
at  the  ordinary  at  Morrison's,  the  Presi- 
dent in  the  chair.  On  the  healths  of  the 
illustrious  foreigners  and  Americans  pre- 
sent being  drank,  thanks  were  severally 
returned  by  Dr.  Peitbman  of  Berlin, 
Profesaor  Moll  of  Utrecht,  Mons.  Agas- 
•iz,  and  Col.  Dick. 

At  the  Rotunda,  after  the  Sectional 
reports,  Professor  Powell  delivered  a 
lecture  on  the  Undulatory  Theory  of 
Light,  and  Professor  W  be  well  gave  some 
account  of  the  recent  tidal  observations. 

On  Thursday  there  was  a  public  break- 
fast  at  the  College  of  Physicians;  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  gave  a  dinner  to  a  select 
number  of  the  most  distinguished  mem- 
bers ;  and  about  three  hundred  were  con- 
veyed by  the  Railway  Company  to  the 
Suit  Hall  tavern  at  Kingston,  where  Mr. 
Napier,  a  gentleman  of  great  landed  pro- 
perty in  co.  Meath,  presided.    Mr.  Vig- 
noles,  the  engineer  of  the  railway,  on  his 
health  being  drank,  gave  some  particulars 
of  the  work.    Capt.  Portlock,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Zoological  Society,  also  took 
the  chair  in  another  room. 

The  Rotunda  and  its  gardens  were 
open  for  an  evening  promenade  and  re- 
freshments, but  without  any  lecture. 

The  morning  of  Friday  was  com- 
menced with  a  dejeuner  in  the  Botanic 
Garden,  Glassnevin ;  and  about  twelve 
hundred  persons  partook  of  the  entertain- 
ment, which  was  laid  out  in  marquees. 
Those  most  interested  in  Botany  pro- 
ceeded thence  on  an  excursion  to  Howth. 
Sir  Thomas  Brisbane  presided  at  the  or- 
dinary at  Morrison's,  where  Professor 
Hamilton   delivered  a   very  eloquent 
speech,  Baron  Barclay  de  Tolly  return- 
ed thanks  for  the  toast  of  the  foreigners, 
and  Mr.Baily  for  that  of  the  English  and 
Scotch. 

At  the  Rotunda,  after  the  reports,  Mr. 
Babbagp  offered  some  suggestions  for 
ascertaining  the  age  of  peat  mosses  by  the 
trees  found  in  them ;  and  Professor  Sedg- 
wick discoursed  for  an  hour  on  Geology. 

We  now  proceed  to  describe  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  several  Sections : 

Section  A. — Mathemnlict  and  Phy- 
ikt — At  the  Philosophy  School,  Trinity 
College.  Rev.  D.  Robinson,  president; 
Sir  T.  Brisbane  and  Mr.  Baily,  vice-pre- 
»d«nts;  Professors  Hamilton  and  Wheat- 
stone,  secretaries. 


Mr.  Whewell  read  the  first  part  of  a  re- 
port upon  the  *  Mathematical  and  Dy- 
namical Theories  of  Electricity,  Magnet- 
ism, and  Heat ; '  on  which  remarks  were 
made  by  Mr.  Snow  Harris  and  Professor 
Stevelly. 

Mr.  Snow  Harris  read  an  interesting 
paper  upon  a  new  balance,  adapted  to 
measure  most  minute  indications  of  force, 
and  reduce  them  readily  to  weights  ;  con- 
sisting essentially  of  a  needle,  reed,  cylin- 
der, or  bar,  suspended  by  two  distant  paral- 
lel and  vertical  fibres  of  silk. 

Professor  Powell  and  Dr.  Hudson  each 
read  a  paper  on  the  radiations  of  heat. 

Sir  John  Ross  read  a  paper  on  the  ori- 
gin of  the  Aurora  Borealis,  the  result  of 
twenty-five  years' reflection  on  the  sub- 
ject 

Mr.  Mallet  described  a  very  ingenious 
instrument  on  the  principle  of  a  magnet, 
formed  instantly  by  electricity,  and  then 
again  discontinued,  for  separating  tha  iron 
and  brass  and  copper  filings,  that  become 
mixed  in  manufactories. 

Tuesday.— Dr.  Robinson,  the  Presi- 
dent, read  a  letter  from  Col.  Colby,  ac- 
companying a  copy  of  the  Ordnance  Sur- 
veyof  the  parish  of  Templemore  and  city  of 
Londonderry,  as  specimens  of  the  grand 
national  work  now  in  progress. 

Mr.  Whewell  resumed  his  valuable  re- 
port ;  the  subject  of  this  part  was  Heat. 

Dr.  Allman,  Professor  of  Botany,  next 
read  a  very  interesting  paper  on  a  mathe- 
matical inquiry  into  the  forms  of  the  cells 
of  plants. 

Air.  Snow  Harris  gave  an  interesting 
account  of  his  views  of  electrical  action 
and  distribution,  on  which  observations 
were  made  by  Professors  Whewell  and 
Stevelly. 

Dr.  Reid,  of  Edinburgh,  read  a  very  in- 
teresting paper  upon  Sound,  particularly 
in  relation  to  the  precautions  necessary  to 
be  attended  to  in  the  constructing  of  public 
buildings. 

Mr.  Russell  detailed  the  origin  and  pro- 
gress of  the  series  of  experiments  on  the 
resistance  experienced  at  various  velocities 
by  bodies  moving  through  fluids  at  various 
rates. 

The  great  press  of  business  in  this  Sec- 
tion rendered  it  necessary  to  institute  a 
sub-section  for  the  Useful  Arts,  and  the 
increasing  interest  felt  in  the  subject  of 
Civil  Engineering,  induced  the  Associa- 
tion to  establish  it  as  a  permanent  section 
of  their  body.  We  therefore  proceed  to 
report  the  proceedings. 

Mechanical  Science  applied  to  the  At  It.— 
Mr.  James  Rennie  was  appointed  presi- 
dent, and  Dr.  Lardner  vice-president. 
The  first  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday, 
in  the  Law  School,  Trinity  College. 


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264 

Mr.  Eaton  Hodgkinson  reported  to  the 
Section  the  result  of  certain  experiments 
on  impact,  made  in  continuation  of  that 
valuable  series  of  experiments,  which  he 
bad  communicated  to  the  Association  at 
the  three  previous  meetings. 

He  gave  also  the  result  of  some  very 
curious  experiments,  on  the  fractures  of 
wires  in  different  states  of  tension. 

Mr.  Pritcbard  exhibited  an  achromatic 
microscope,  made  by  him  on  the  princi- 
ples published  in  bis  works,  in  which  the 
angular  aperture  of  the  Object  Glasses  ex- 
ceeds any  that  bave  yet  been  produced. 

Mr.  Ettrick  read  an  account  of  a  Mari- 
ner's Compass,  which,  by  two  adjustments, 
caused  the  cardinal  points  on  the  card  to 
coincide  with  the  corresponding  points  of 
the  horizon. 

Mr.  Russell  read  a  paper  on  the  solids 
of  least  resistance,  with  reference  to  the 
construction  of  steam  vessels. 

Mr.  Taylor  made  a  communication  re- 
specting the  monthly  reports  of  the  duty 
of  steam  engines,  employed  in  draining  the 
mines  of  Cornwall. 

Dr.  Lardner  then  addressed  the  section 
on  the  subject  of  rail-roads. 

Friday  Mr.  Ettrick  read  an  account 

of  certain  improvements  in  steam-engines. 

Mr.  Cheverton  read  a  paper  on  me- 
chanical sculpture,  or  the  production  of 
busts  and  other  works  of  art  by  machi- 
nery, through  the  medium  of  a  model. 

Mr.  Grubb  made  some  observations  on 
an  improved  method  for  mounting  an 
equatorial  instrument,  adopted  by  E.  J. 
O>oper,  M.  P.  in  bis  private  observatory. 

Lieut.  Denbam,  R.N.,  made  some  ob- 
servations on  the  Vibratory  effects  of 
Rail -roads;  and  a  long  discussion  ensued 
between  Dr.  Lardner  and  Mr.  Vignolles 
on  the  disadvantages  arising  from  acclivi- 
ties in  rail -roads. 

Professor  Stevelly  described  a  Self- 
Registering  Barometer,  highly  inportant 
in  meteorological  observations. 

Section  B.—Chemktry  and  Mineral- 
ogy. — At  the  Chemical  School,  Trinity 
College,  Dr.  Thomson,  president ;  Dr. 
Dalton  and  Dr.  Baker,  vice-presidents; 
Dr.  Johnson  and  Dr.  Apjohn,  secretaries. 

The  proceedings  commenced  by  Mr. 
Davy's  reading  a  paper  on  the  best  method 
of  Protecting  Iron  from  the  action  of 
Salt  Water;  and  detailed  many  experi- 
ments made  during  some  months  at  Kings- 
town harbour  on  the  wrought  iron  buoys. 

After  this  paper  was  read,  a  discussion 
took  place,  in  which  Mr.  Harcourt,  Pro- 
fessor Johnston,  Drs.  Traill  and  Reud 
joined,  relative  to  the  action  of  salt  water, 
when  heated,  on  tbe  boiler  of  steam  en- 
gines, and  its  comparative  action  on 
wrought  and  cast  iron. 

5 


[Sept. 

Mr.  Ettrick  next  .explained  a  new 
Safety  Lamp,  but  it  appeared  to  give  little 
satisfaction,  from  the  fragile  nature  of  the 
materials.  Dr.  Daubeny  and  Mr.  John- 
ston each  explained  some  new  improve- 
ments in  this  most  important  instrument. 

Professor  Kane  read  a  paper  on  Methy- 
line,  on  which  Dr.  Dalton  commented  at 
considerable  length. 

Mr.  Fox  made  a  statement  relative  to 
the  effects  of  iron,  when  strongly  heated, 
on  the  magnet. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  Tur- 
ner, detailing  the  progress  he  had  made, 
in  reference  to  the  recommendation  of  the 
Association  last  year,  respecting  the  in. 
troduction  of  a  uniform  system  of  Chemi- 
cal Notation  among  British  chemists). 
This  communication  gave  rise  to  a  dis- 
cussion, in  which  Drs.  Daubeny,  Dalton, 
and  Reid  joined. 

Tuesday.— Mr.  Graham  read  a  paper 
on  the  functions  of  Water  and  Ammonia 
in  several  chemical  compounds,  and 
shewed  some  new  salts  of  oxalic  acid. 

Mr.  Johnson  made  a  communication  re- 
lative to  Isomorphism. 

Dr.  Daubeny  communicated  to  the  sec- 
tion the  interesting  fact  of  the  discovery 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  lava,  imme- 
diately after  the  recent  eruption  of  Vesu- 
vius, which  must  consequently  have  been 
sublimed  at  a  high  temperature. 

Mr.  Scanlan  made  a  communication 
respecting  a  new  product  obtained  from 
the  destructive  distillation  of  wood, 
and  explained  the  construction  of  an  im- 
proved distilling  apparatus. 

Dr.  Dalton  mentioned  some  of  the  moat 
remarkable  properties  of  the  essential  oil 
of  caoutchouc,  and  gave  his  opinion  rela- 
tive to  its  composition. 

Wednesday. — Mr.  Mallet  gave  an  ac- 
count of  some  curious  changes  in  the 
shape  of  the  flame  of  coal  gas,  arising  from 
the  relative  situations  of  the  gas  tube  and 
burner. 

Mr.  Connell  described  the  chemical 
constitution  of  fossil  scales,  and  proposed 
to  discriminate,  by  means  of  analyses,  the 
class  of  animals  to  which  they  belonged  ; 
the  scales  of  fish  he  found  afforded  much 
phosphate  of  lime,  while  those  of  reptiles 
afforded  a  very  small  quantity. 

Mr.  Kane  described  some  compounds  of 
tin  and  iodine. 

Mr.  Snow  Harris  exhibited  a  newly- 
invented  electroscope  of  extremely  sensi- 
ble and  accurate  construction,  and  demon- 
strated to  the  Section  the  fact,  denied  by 
Pouillet,  that  electricity  is  developed  by 
the  evaporation  of  pure  water.  The  ex- 
perimcnt  was  performed  the  following  day 
in  the  laboratory  attached  to  the  place  of 


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J835.]         British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science. 


265 


meeting,  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Whewell, 
Professor  Moll,  the  Vice-Presidents,  and 
others. 

Dr.  Newbigging  communicated  some 
observations  relative  to  the  effect  of  green 
colour  transmitted  through  blood. 

Thursday. —  A  communication  was 
made  by  Mr.  Hartop  relative  to  the  use 
of  hot  air  in  iron  blast  furnaces  in  York- 
shire. 

Dr.  Apjohn  read  a  paper  on  a  mode  of 
obtaining  the  specific  heats  of  different 


The  next  communication  was  from  Dr. 
Dal  ton,  relative  to  the  atomic  theory,  and 
the  mode  of  notation  most  worthy  of 
adoption  by  chemists.  A  very  animated 
discussion  arose  from  this  communication, 
in  which  Mr.  Whewell  and  Mr.  Babbage 
joined;  it  appears,  that  an  adherence  as 
far  as  possible  to  algebraical  formulae,  in 
preference  to  the  Beraelian  notation, 
seems  most  likely  to  receive  the  sanction 
of  British  chemists. 

Professor  Powell  made  a  communica- 
tion respecting  specimens  of  some  crystal- 
lized salts  for  optical  purposes. 

Mr.  Mallet  showed  specimens  of  a 
pulp  fit  for  the  manufacture  of  paper, 
obtained  from  turf,  and  explained  the 
mode  of  preparing  und  bleaching  it. 

Friday,  Mr.  Davy  detailed  at  length 

some  experiments  he  had  made  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  for 
the  purpose  of  estimating  the  comparative 
values  of  Virginian  and  Irish  tobacco, 
from  the  relative  quantities  of  nicotine 
contained  in  each. 

Mr.  Scanlan  made  a  communication  re- 
lative to  a  paper  brought  forward  by  him 
on  a  former  day,  on  a  new  product  of  the 
destructive  distillation  of  wood. 

A  communication  was  made  by  Mr. 
Moore  on  the  corrosion  of  lead-pipes, 
from  the  action  of  organic  substances. 
t  Dr.  Barker  detailed  a  new  mode  of  pre- 
cipitating the  peroxide  of  iron  from  its 
•olutions,  by  means  of  the  acetate  of 
potash. 

Dr.  Geoghegan  showed  a  mode  of  de- 
tecting free  muriatic  acid  in  prussic  acid. 

Professor  Johnston  made  a  communi- 
cation on  the  subject  of  the  compounds  of 
gold  and  iodine,  and  described  the  con- 
stitution and  appearance  of  these  salts. 

Dr.  W.  Barker  mentioned  an  observa- 
tion he  had  made,  of  the  appearance  of 
dark  spots  on  a  platina  wire  ignited  by 
voltaic  electricity. 

Section  C. — Geology  and  Geography.— 
Mr.  Griffith,  president ;  Professor  Sedg- 
wick  and  Mr.  Murchison,  vice  presidents; 
Captain  Portlock  and  Mr.  Torrie,  secre- 
taries. 

Mr.  Griffith,  producing  his  Geological 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


Map,  stated  that  there  were  numerous 
inaccuracies  in  all  present  published  maps 
of  Ireland,  which  rendered  it  extremely 
difficult  to  obtain  a  correct  geological  out- 
line of  the  coast  He  expected  those 
taken  by  the  Ordnance,  on  which  he  said 
too  much  praise  could  not  be  lavished. 

Professor  Bryce,  of  Belfast,  made  some 
remarks  upon  the  formation  of  gravel- 
hills  in  the  northern  counties,  and  showed 
that  all  these  deposits  were  made  by  cur- 
rents from  the  westward.  He  proved 
that  there  was  a  similarity  between  the 
strata  of  the  opposing  coasts  of  Scotland 
and  Ireland. 

Professor  Sedgwick,  of  Cambridge, 
then  rose  and  entered  minutely  into  the 
geological  history  of  several  counties  in 
England,  occasionally  referring  to  the 
observations  of  Mr.  Griffith,  to  show  the 
analogy  which  was  evident  between  the 
strata  of  these  counties  and  different  parts 
of  Ireland. 

Dr.  West  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Geo- 
graphical Position  of  Cape  Farewell." 

Tuesday.  Archdeacon  Verschoyle  read 
a  paper  on  the  dykes  of  the  county  of 
Aluyo. 

Professor  Phillips  brought  forward  a 
memoir  on  fossil  astacidae,  a  family  of  the 
class  Crustacea.  The  paper  elicited  a 
good  deal  of  discussion,  in  which  Mr. 
Greenough,  Mr.  Murchison,  and  Pro- 
fessor Sedgwick  took  a  part. 

Wednesday. —  A  paper  was  read  by 
Lieut.  Stotherd,  on  a  granite  district  in 
the  county  of  Cavan. 

Mr.  Griffith  continued  his  account  of 
the  geological  map  of  Ireland,  confining 
himself  on  this  occasion  to  the  crystalline 
unstratified  rocks,  or  those  commonly  re- 
garded as  of  igneous  origin.  On  which 
remarks  were  made  by  Professor  Sedg- 
wick, Mr.  Murchison,  Mr.  Greenough, 
M.  J.  Bryce,  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Monteith. 

Professor  Phillips  next  read  a  paper  on 
bclemnites,  which  he  shewed  were  con- 
fined to  the  chalk  and  oolites,  and  of 
which  he  has  identified  thirty-four  British 
species. 

Professor  Agassii  showed  that  belem- 
nites  differed  from  recent  cuttle  fish 
chiefly  in  the  superior  developement  of 
particular  organs. 

The  business  of  the  day  concluded  by  a 
memoir  from  Capt  Denham,  on  the  ba- 
sins in  the  Mersey  and  Dee. 

Thursday. — Mr.  Williams  read  a  short 
notice  of  some  fossil  plants,  from  Bideford 
in  Devon. 

M.  Agassiz  then  delivered  a  lecture  on 
fossil  fishes. 

Dr.  Traill  read  a  paper  on  the  geology 
of  Spain  ;  and  Mr.  Smith,  of  Jordanhill, 
one  on  a  fossil  forest  near  GlasgONV- 
i  M 


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266  British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science.  [Sept. 


Friday.— Professor  Whewell  made  a 
communication  on  the  bearing  of  ques- 
tions in  natural  philosophy  and  mathema- 
tics on  geological  inquiries. 

Mr.  Hart  op  read  a  short  notice  con- 
cerning the  Yorkshire  coal-field. 

Professor  Sedgwick  and  Mr.  Morchi. 
son  then  brought  forward  an  elaborate 
memoir  on  the  stratified  deposits  in  Eng- 
land, inferior  to  the  old  red  sandstone, 
and  on  which  they  have  been  occupied 
four  or  five  years.  Mr.  Murchison's  part 
was  the  border  counties  of  Wales  and 
England,  Professor  Sedgwick's  comprised 
North  Wales  and  Cumberland. 

Professor  Phillips  read  a  notice  on  a 
tertiary  deposit  on  the  coast  of  Yorkshire. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  Lyell, 
proving  that  the  crag  of  Suffolk  was  of 
two  ages,  and  not  one,  as  has  been  hitherto 
supposed. 

The  business  of  the  Section  finally 
closed  by  a  brief  notice  from  Dr.  Jacoo 
on  some  diluvial  madrepores. 

Section  D. — Zoology  and  Botany. — 
At  the  Board  Room,  Royal  Dublin  So- 
ciety. Professor  Henslow,  president ;  Dr. 
Daubeny  and  Dr.  Graham,  vice-presidents ; 
Dr.  Litton  and  Dr.  Curtis,  secretaries. 

Monday.  Mr.  Niven  submitted  a  plan 
for  the  formation  of  a  natural  arrange- 
ment of  plants ;  and  various  rare  plants 
were  exhibited  by  different  gentlemen. 

Tuesday.  Mr.  A  lack  ay  submitted  several 
specimens  of  bog-timber,  found  eighteen 
feet  under  the  surface ;  and  detailed  the 
uses  made  of  bog-timber  in  Ireland. 

Dr.  Jacob  read  a  paper  on  the  Infra- 
orbital cavctus,  or  Larmiers  of  the  French 
authors,  existing  in  the  deer  and  antelopes. 

Wednesday.  Mr.  Nichol  read  a  paper  on 
the  structure  of  the  horizontal  branches 
of  the  natural  family  of  Conifene. 

Dr.  Neele  made  a  communication  on 
the  seeming  hybernation  of  a  landrail. 

Some  observations  of  a  highly-interest- 
ing character  were  made  by  Professor 
Daubeny,  on  the  circumstances  affecting 
the  exhalation  of  moisture  from  the  leaves 
of  plants — the  influence  of  light  and  heat 
together,  and  of  heat  without  light.  A 
very  interesting  discussion  arose  out  of 
this  subject. 

Mr.  P.  Marshal  read  a  paper  on  the 
zoology  of  Rutlilin. 

Professor  Allman  submitted  a  plan  for 
the  arrangement  of  plants  according  to 
their  natural  affinities. 

Thursday.  Mr.  S tannage  read  a  detail 
of  the  discovery  of  a  toad  in  a  fragment 
of  sandstone  rock,  at  Park  Gardens, 
Coventry;  it  survived  only  four  days. 

Dr.  Barry,  who  ascended  Mont  Blanc 
in  the  autumn  of  1834,  described  some 
interesting  observations  made  by  him  on 
the  modifications  of  the  apparent  colours 


of  the  sky,  as  depending  on  the  rays 
transmitted  to  the  eye  from  the  surface 
of  the  earth. 

Mr.  Mackay  introduced  to  the  notice 
of  the  Section  the  extraordinary  longevity 
of  the  Yew  tree. 

The  Section  adjourned  at  about  1  1 
o'clock,  and  several  of  the  members  pro- 
ceeded on  a  botanical  excursion  to  the 
mountains  beyond  Kingstown  and  their 
vicinity. 

Friday.  On  this  morning  the  Section 
met  in  the  beautiful  gardens  of  Glassnevin, 
and  afterwards  proceeded  to  Howth,  an 
already  mentioned. 

Section  E. — Anatomy  and  Medicine. — 
At  the  Council  Room,  Royal  Irish 
Academy,  but  on  Wednesday  at  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  Dr.  Roget, 
president ;  Dr.  Collis  and  Dr.  Crampton, 
vice-presidents;  Dr.  Hart  and  Dr.  Har- 
rick,  secretaries. 

Professor  Collis  took  the  chair  of  Dr. 
Roget,  having  been  hastily  summoned 
from  Dublin. 

The  first  paper  read,  was  by  Dr  Graves, 
on  the  use  of  Chlorate  of  Soda  in  Fever. 

Mr.  Houston  read  a  paper  **  On  Pecu- 
liarities in  Circulating  Organs  in  Diving 
Animals." 

The  "  Report  of  Dublin  Committee 
on  motions  and  sounds  of  the  Heart," 
was  read  by  Mr.  Harrison. 

Dr.  Williams  gave  an  abstract  of  a 
series  of  experiments,  instituted  by  him- 
self; and  Dr.  Corrigan  addressed  the 
members  at  considerable  length  on  the 
same  subject,  as  did  Dr.  Carson  (of 
Liverpool),  Dr.  E.  Kennedy,  and  Mr. 
Hargrave.  A  letter  from  the  Edinburgh 
Committee,  appointed  last  year  to  investi- 
gate the  same  subject,  stated  that  they 
were  not  yet  prepared  to  furnish  a  report. 
Dr.  Alison  read  a  report  from  the 
Committee  in  Edinburgh,  appointed  to 
report  on  the  benefits  which  would  arise 
from  the  registration  of  deaths,  and  to 
propose  suggestions  for  the  forms  to  be 
used  in  such  registration,  when  established 
by  legislative  enactments 

Wednesday.  Dr.  M'Donnell  read  his 
paper  "  On  the  Pulse  and  Breathing  ;* 
and  Mr.  Carlisle,  one  of  the  Committee 
whose  report  was  read  on  the  preceding 
day,  replied  to  the  objections  of  Dr.  Cor- 
rigan. 

Professor  Harrison  read  a  paper,  "  Ob 
Bones  in  the  Heart  of  Ruminantia;"  Mr, 
Houston,  on  a  peculiar  species  of  hydatid 
found  in  living  animals,  the  Cystocircus 
TenuicoIIis;  and  Professor  Harrison,  a 
notice  of  hydatids  found  in  the  human 
muscles.  Several  interesting  facts  were 
brought  forward  on  the  subject  of  those 
parasitical  beings,  by  the  learned  chair- 
man, and  other  members. 


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British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Science. 


267 


Professor  Jacob  read  a  paper  •«  On  the 
mammary  glands  in  the  Cetacea?." 

Doctor  Collins  a  report  of  the  Lying- 
in- Hospital  for  the  seven  years  of  bis 
mastership  ;  and  Sir  J  arm's  Murray  a 
paper  44  On  Atmospheric  Pressure  as  a 
Remedial  Agent.* 

Section  F. — Statistic*.— At  the  Divi- 
nity School,  Trinity  College,  Professor 
Babbage,  president ;  Dr.  Cleland  and 
Rev.  E.  G.  Stanley,  vice-presidents; 
Mr.  Drinkwater  and  Professor  Long, 
field,  secretaries. 

Monday.  Dr.  Maunsell  read  a  paper 
on  the  Foundling  Hospital  of  Dublin, 
and  the  general  effect  ot  institutions  for 
deserted  children. 

Tuesday.  Mr.  Langton,of  Manchester, 
read  a  report  on  the  state  of  Education 
in  that  town. 

A  portion  of  Mr.  W.  R.  Gregg's 
report,  on  the  "  Social  Statistics  of  the 
Netherlands,"  compiled  on  the  model  of 
Guerry's  *«  Moral  Statistics  of  France," 
^  read.  It  referred  to  Crimes  and 
Prison  Discipline,  and  led  to  a  long  and 
interesting  debate. 

Dr.  Cleland  s  paper,  on  the  Glasgow 
Bridewell,  was  also  read. 

Wednesday.  Colonel  Sykes  read  a 
paper  on  the  comparative  state  of  the 
iJecran  under  the  government  of  the 
Peishwah  and  the  Company;  which  was 
followed  by  one  from  Dr.  Vignollea,  on 
the  relative  number  of  infanticides  before 
and  since  the  closing  of  the  Foundling 
Hospital  in  Dublin.  The  number  have 
increased  since  that  institution  was  closed. 

Mr.  Babbage  read  a  paper  on  the  effect 
of  co-operative  shops. 

Thurtday.  Colonel  Sykes  read  a  paper 
on  the  state  of  education  in  the  Deccan. 

The  Rev.  E.  G.  Stanley  read  a  report 
of  the  religious  attendances  and  state  of 
Question  in  the  parish  of  Alderley  in 
Cheshire. 

Dr.  Reid  delivered  his  views  upon  a  plan 
tried  in  Edinburgh,  for  the  extension  of 
the  study  of  Physics. 

Friday.  Mr.  Babbage  read  an  abstract 
of  the  ordnance  survey  of  the  parish  of 
Templemore  and  city  of  Londonderry  ;  a 
copy  of  which  had  been  presented  to  each 
section  by  command  of  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant. 

Dr.  Jones  read  a  long  paper  on  the 
condition  of  Lunatic  AsvTutns  in  Ireland ; 
and  two  papers,  by  Mr.  Fox,  on  the 
Punishment  of  Death  in  Norway  and 
Belgium,  terminated  the  labours  of  the 
Section. 

GENERAL  MEETING  AT  THE  ROTUNDA. 

On  Saturday  morning,  after  Dr.  Lloyd, 
the  president,  had  taken  his  seat,  the  Rev. 
Vernon  Harcourt,  as  general  secretary, 


addressed  the  meeting.  He  stated  that 
invitations  for  next  year  had  been  received 
from  Bristol,  Liverpool,  Birmingham, 
Manchester,  and  Newcastle ;  and  an. 
nounced  that  the  next  meeting  would  be 
held  at  Bristol,  it  having  been  the  first 
city  to  send  a  decided  invitation.  He 
then  gave  the  following  account  of  the 
recommendations  of  the  Committee,  in 
furtherance  of  the  general  objects  of  the 
Society. 

Mathematics  and  Phytic* — The  Com- 
mittee, after  recommending  the  renewal 
of  many  former  grants,  proposed  that 
small  grants  be  given  for  constructing 
tables  of  the  exponents  of  refracted  indices, 
and  organised  observations  of  tempera- 
ture:— 

5001.  for  duplicate  reduction  of  the  Astro- 
nomical Observations  made  at  L'Ecole 
Militaire  of  Paris. 

1 00L  for  determining  the  constant  of  lunar 
notation. 

lOOt.  for  observations  on  the  temperature 

of  the  tide. 
5?oOZ.  for  continuing  tidal  observations  in 

Liverpool  and  the  Port  of  London. 
100/.  for  the  advancement  of  meteorology. 
30/.  for  the  continuation  of  Professor 

Wheatstone's  experiments. 
30/.  for  reducing  to  practice  Dr.  Jerrard's 

plan  for  solving  equations  of  the  fifth 

or  higher  degrees. 

It  was  also  recommended  that  the  As- 
sociation should  petition  the  Government 
to  send  an  expedition  to  explore  the 
Antarctic  regions,  and  determine  as  accu- 
rately as  possible  the  place  of  the  South 
magnetic  Pole. 

Chemistry — That  20/.  should  be  given 
to  Mr.  Johnston  for  completing  his  tables 
of  chemical  constants ;  and  301.  to  Mr. 
Fairburn  for  experiments  on  the  hot  and 
cold  blasts  in  iron- works. 

Geology. — That  105/.  should  be  granted 
for  prosecuting  researches  into  British 
Fossil  Ichthyology  t  and  that  the  former 
grants  for  determining  the  amount  of 
sediment  in  rivers,  and  the  relative  levels 
of  land  and  sea,  should  be  renewed. 

Natural  History. — That  the  Zoology 
and  Botany  of  Ireland  should  be  carefully 
investigated. 

Medical  Science.  —  That  50/.  should 
be  granted  for  researches  into  the  absor- 
bents ;  and  50/.  for  examining  the  sounds 
of  the  heart. 

Statistics.— That  E.  Halsewell,  Esq. 
be  requested  to  prepare  a  tabular  return 
of  the  inquests  held  during  the  last  seven 
years  in  as  many  counties  as  possible; 
and  further,  to  prepare  a  statistical  report 
of  Hanwell  Lunatic  Asylum.  That  the 
heads  of  inquiry  into  education  issued  by 
the  Manchester  Statistical  Society,  should 


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26'8 


Lord  FalkluJuTs  Poems. 


be  recommended  to  tbose  who  design  to 
make  similar  inquiries. 

Mr.  Taylor,  the  treasurer,  then  made 
a  report  or  the  state  of  the  funds  of  the 
Society On  the  30th  of  July  last  there 
was  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer  509/. ; 
in  the  funds  2361/.;  and  unsold  copies  of 
works  about  5001.  In  Dublin,  the  trea- 
surer had  received*  from  1228  subscribers, 
17^0/.,  together  with  an  additional  sum 
of  94/.  for  books  sold,  making  the  total 
income  52 lit.  The  expenses  and  sums 
due  by  the  Association  were  probably 
1000/.  leaving  a  clear  property  of  4214/. 
The  receipts  of  the  preceding  year  in 
Edinburgh  were  16267.,  while  in  Dublin 
they  amounted  to  1750/.  It  was  also 
very  gratifying  to  be  able  to  state  that 
grants  for  the  advancement  of  science,  of 
1700/.,  had  been  placed  this  year  at  the 
disposal  of  the  committee. 

Votes  of  thanks  were  then  moved  in 
speeches  highly  and  deservedly  compli- 
mentary to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  the 
Provost  and  Fellows  of  Trinity  College, 
and  the  various  Societies  and  public 
bodies  of  Dublin,  who  had  contributed  to 
the  entertainment  and  hospitable  reception 
of  the  assemblage ;  and  it  was  announced, 
with  much  approbation,  that  Trinity  Col- 
lege hud  conierred  the  honorary  degree  of 


Doctor  of  Laws  on  Professor  Moll,  Pro- 
fessor Agassiz,  Sir  Thomas  Brisbane, 
Mr.  Baily,  and  Mr.  William  Smith. 

On  the  same  day  a  farewell  dinner  was 
given,  by  the  Provost  and  Fellows,  to  bia 
Excellency  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  and 
three  hundred  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion, in  the  Examination  Hall  of  Trinity 
College,  previously  to  which  bis  Excel- 
lency conferred  the  honour  of  Knight- 
hood on  the  Astronomer  Royal,  now  Sir 
William  Rowan  Hamilton. 

Professor  Robinson  proposed  the  toast 
of  the  English  Universities,  which  was 
acknowledged  by  Dr.  Daubeny  and  Pro- 
fessor Whewell;  and  Sir  W.  R.  Hamilton 
proposed  the  Scotish  Universities^  ac- 
knowledged by  Professor  Graham. 

The  last  evening  meeting  at  the  Ro- 
tunda was  very  fullv  attended.  Dr.  Barry 
gave  a  relation  ox  his  ascent  of  Mont 
Blanc  in  1834;  Mr.  Babbage  described 
a  whirlpool  near  the  Cephalonian  islands, 
through  which  the  sea  has  foamed  for 
forty  years;  and  Professor  Wheatstone 
exhibited  his  speaking  automaton. 

Thus  closed  the  fifth  meeting  of  the 
British  Association,  an  institution  of 
which  every  anniversary  has  hitherto  been 
more  splendid  and  more  triumphant  than 
the  preceding. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


LORD  FALKLAND'S  POEMS. 
( Continued  from  Page 

THE  next  specimen  of  Lord  Falkland's  poetical  talents,  we  shall  give  from 
Sandys'*  translation  of  Christ's  Passion  by  Grotius,  12mo.  1640;  to  which 
the  following  poem  is  prefixed. 

TO  THE  AUTHOR. 

Our  age's  wonder,  by  thy  birth  the  fame 
Of  Bclgia,  by  thy  banishment  the  shame  ; 
Who  to  more  knowledge  younger  didst  arrive 
Than  forward  Glaucia* ;  yet  art  still  alive. 
Whose  masters  oft  (for  suddenly  you  grew 
To  equall,  and  passe  those,  and  need  no  new,) 
To  see  how  soon,  how  farre,  thy  wit  could  reach, 
Sat  down  to  wonder  when  they  came  to  teach. 
Oft  then  would  Scaliger  contented  be 
To  leave  to  mend  all  times,*  to  polish  thee, 
And  of  that  pain's  effect  did  highlier  boast, 
Than  had  he  gain'd  all  that  his  fathers  lost. 
When  thy  Capellaf  read,  which  till  thy  hand 
Had  cleared,  few  grave  and  lcarn'd  did  understand  ; 
Though  well  thou  might'  st  at  such  a  tender  age 
Have  made  ten  lessons  of  the  plainest  page. 

*  Alluding  to  Scaligcr's  work  De  Emendatione  Temporum. 
t  In  allusion  to  Grotius's  edition  of  Marrianus  Capella,  published  when  he  was 
▼try  young. 

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Lord  Falkland's  Poems. 


269 


That  king  of  cri  ticks  stood  amazed  to  see 

A  work  so  like  his  own,  set  forth  by  thee. 

Nor  with  lease  wonder  on  that  work  did  look 

Than  if  the  Bridegroom  •  had  begot  the  book. 

To  whom  thy  age  and  art  seem  to  unite, 

At  once  the  youth  of  Phoebus,  and  the  light. 

Thence  lov'd  thee  with  a  never-dying  flame, 

As  the  adopted  heire  to  all  his  fame. 

For  which  care,  wonder,  love,  thy  riper  days, 

Paid  him  with  just,§  and  with  eternal  praise. 

Who  gain'd  more  honour  from  one  verse  of  thine. 

Than  all  the  Canes  f  of  his  princely  line  : 

In  that  he  joy'd,  and  that  opposed  to  all, 

To  Titius§  spight,  to  hungree  Schoppius  gall." 

To  what  (with  cause  disguised}  SoHarcctiu  writes 

To  Delrio's  rage,  and  all  his  loyalties. 

But  though  to  thee,  each  tongue,  each  art  be  known, 

As  all  thy  time  that  had  imploid  alone  ; 

Though  Truth  doe  naked  to  thy  sight  appeare ; 

And  scarce  can  we  doubt  more,  than  thou  can'st  cleare  ; 

Though  thou  at  once  dost  different  glories  join, 

A  lofty  Poet,  and  a  deep  Divine  ; 

Can'st  in  the  purest  phrase  cloath  solid  sense, 

Sesevola's  law,  in  Tullie's  eloquence  ; 

Though  thy  employments  have  excel'd  thy  pen 

Show'd  thee  much  skill'd  in  books,  but  more  in  men — 

And  proved,  thou  can'st  at  the  same  easie  rate, 

Correct  an  author,  as  uphold  a  state  ; 

Though  this  rare  praise  doe  a  full  truth  appeare, 

To  Spaine,  and  Germany,  who  more  doe  feare 

(Since  thou  thy  aide  didst  to  that  state  afford) 

The  Swedish  councils  than  the  Swedish  sword  : 

All  this  yet  of  thy  worth  makes  but  a  part, 

And  we  admire  thy  head  lease  than  thy  heart ; 

Which,  (when  in  want)  yet  was  too  brave  to  close 

(Though  woo'd)  with  thy  ungrateful  country's  foes, 

When  their  chief  ministers  strove  to  entice, 

And  would  have  bought  thee  at  whatever  price. 

Since  all  our  praise  and  wonder  is  too  small, 

For  each  of  these,  what  shall  we  give  for  all  ? 

All  that  we  can,  we  do       A  pen  divine, 

And  differing  only  in  the  tongue  from  thine, 

Doth  thy  choice  labours  with  successe  rehearse, 

And  to  another  world  transplants  thy  verse; 

At  the  same  height  to  which  before  they  rose, 

When  they  forced  wonder  from  unwilling  foes. 

Now  Thames  with  Ganges  may  thy  labours  praise, 

Which  there  ||  breed  faith,  and  here  devotion  raise. 

Though  your  acquaintance  all  of  worth  pursue, 

And  couut  it  honour  to  be  known  of  you  ; 

I  dare  affirm  your  catalogue  does  grace 

No  one,  who  better  doth  deserve  a  place  : 

None  hath  a  larger  heart,  a  fuller  head, 

For  he  hath  seen  as  much  as  you  have  read. 

The  nearer  countries  past,  his  steps  have  prest 

The  new  found  world,  and  trod  the  sacred  East ; 

Where  (his  brow's  due)  the  loftier  palmes  doe  rise, 

Where  the  proud  Pyramids  invade  the  skies  j 


•  Mercury,  in  M.  Capella's  work,  marries  Philosophy. 

f  Canis  was  the  family  name  of  Scaligers :  and  their  arms,  two  dogs  climbing  a 
ladder. 

i  Rob.  Utius  was  the  critic  against  whom  Scaliger  wrote  his  Yvo  Villioinarua. 
He  defended  himself  repeatedly  against  Scioppius.  Scribonius  wrote  under  the  name 
of  Bonarccius. 

ll  Alluding  to  Grotius'  Treatise  dc  Veritate  Relig.  Christiana. 

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270  RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW-  [_Scpt. 

* 

And  as  all  think  who  hif  rare  friendship  own 
Deserves  no  lease  a  journey  to  be  known. 
Ullyses,  if  we  trust  the  Grecian  song, 
Travell'd  not  far,  but  was  a  prisoner  long ; 
To  that  by  tempest  forc'd  :  nor  did  his  voice 
Relate  his  fate :  his  travels  were  bis  choice, 
And  all  these  numerous  realm ea,  returned  agen 
Anew  he  travell'd  over  with  his  pen. 
And  Homer  to  himself  doth  entertaine 
W  ith  truths  more  usefull  than  his  muse  could  faine. 
Next  Ovid's  Transformations  he  translates 
With  so  rare  art,  that  those  which  he  relates 
Yield  to  this  transmutation,  and  the  change 
Of  men  to  birds  and  trees,  appears  not  strange. 
Next  the  poetic  parts  of  Scripture,  on 
His  loome  he  weaves,  and  Job  and  Solomon 
His  pen  restores  with  all  that  heavenly  quire, 
And  shakes  the  dust  from  David's  solemn  lyre. 
From  which,  from  all  with  just  consent  he  won 
The  title  of  the  English  Buchanan. 

Now  to  you  both,  great  paire,  indebted  thus, 
And  like  to  be,  be  pleased  to  succour  us 
With  some  instructions,  that  it  may  be  said, 
Though  nothing  crost,  we  would  that  all  were  paid. 
Let  us  at  least  be  honest  bank  routs  thought, 
For  now  we  are  so  far  from  offering  ought 
Which  from  our  mighty  debt  some  part  might  take, 
Alas  I  we  cannot  tell  what  wish  to  make, 
For  though  you  boast  not  of  the  wealth  of  Inde, 
And  though  no  diadems  your  temples  binde, 
No  power,  or  riches  equals  your  renown, 
And  they  which  wear  such  wreaths  need  not  a  crown. 
Soules,  which  your  high  and  sacred  raptures  know 
Nor  by  sin  humbled  to  our  thoughts  below, 
Wrho  whilst  of  heaven  the  glories  they  recite 
Finde  it  within,  and  feel  the  joyes  they  write. 
Above  the  reach  or  stroke  of  fortune  live, 
Not  valuing  what  she  can  inflict  or  give, 
For  low  desires  depresse  the  loftiest  state, 
But  who  looks  down  on  Vice,  looks  down  on  Fate. 

s 

Faulxland. 

to  mt  noble  iriend  mr.  obobge  sandys,  upon  his  excellent 

paraphrase  op  the  psalms. 

Had  I  no  blushes  left,  but  were  of  those 
Who  praise  in  verse  what  they  despise  in  prose, 
Had  I  this  vice  from  vanity  or  youth, 
Yet  such  a  subject  would  have  taught  me  truth. 
Hence  it  were  banish'd,  where  of  flattery 
There  is  no  use,  nor  possibility. 
Else  thou  had  cause  to  feare,  least  some  might  raise 
An  argument  against  thee  from  my  praise. 
I  therefore  knew,  thou  canst  expect  from  me 
But  what  I  give,  Historick  Poetry. 
Friendship  for  more  could  not  a  pardon  win, 
Nor  think  I  numbers  make  a  lie  no  sinne, 
And  need  I  say  more  than  my  thoughts  indite, 
.  Nothing  were  easier  than  not  to  write 
Which  now  were  hard :  for  whenso'er  I  raise 
My  thoughts,  thy  several!  pains  extort  my  praise. 
First  that  which  doth  the  Pyramids  display, 
And  in  a  work  much  lastinger  than  they, 
And  more  a  wonder,  scornes  at  large  to  shew 
What  'twere  indifferent  whether  true  or  no  ; 


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Lord  Falkland s  Poems. 


271 


Or  from  its  lofty  flight  stoope  to  declare 
What  all  men  might  have  known,  had  all  been  there. 
But  by  thy  learned  industry  and  art, 


Doth  each  land's  laws,  beliefe,  beginning  shew 
Which  of  the  natives,  but  the  carious  know. 
Teaching  the  frailty  of  human  things, 
How  goon  great  kingdoms  fall, — much  sooner  kings. 
Prepares  oar  souls,  that  chance  cannot  direct 
A  machin  at  us,  more  than  we  expect. 
We  know  that  toune  is  but  with  fishers  fraught, 
Where  Theseus  govern'd,  and  where  Plato  taught 
That  spring  of  knowledge,  to  which  Italy 
Owes  all  her  arts  and  her  civility. 
In  vice  and  barbarisme  supinely  roules, 
Their  fortunes  not  more  slavish  than  their  soules. 
Those  churches,  which  'gainst  the  first  heri ticks  wan 
All  the  first  fields,  or  led  (at  least)  the  van. 
In  whom  these  notes  so  much  required  be, 
Agreement,  miracle,  antiquity. 
Which  can  a  never-broke  succession  show 
Prom  the  Apostles  down ;  (here  bragg'd  of  so) 
So  best  confute  her  most  immodest  claime 
Who  scorn  a  part,  yet  to  be  all  doth  aime. 
Lie  now  distrest,  between  two  Enemi-powerS, 
Whom  the  West  damns,  and  whom  the  East  devours. 
What  state  than  theirs  can  more  unhappy  be, 
Threatened  with  hell,  and  sure  of  poverty. 
The  small  beginning  of  the  Turkish  kings, 
And  their  large  growth,  shew  us  that  different  things 
May  meet  in  one  third  ;  what  most  disagree 
May  have  some  likeness  ;  for  in  this  we  see 
A  mustard-seed  may  be  resembled  well 
To  the  two  kingdoms,  both  of  heaven  and  hell. 
Their  strength  and  wants,  this  work  hath  both  unwound, 
To  teach  how  these  t*  increase,  and  that  confound, 
Relates  their  tenets,  scorning  to  dispute 
With  error,  which  to  tell  is  to  confute ; 
Saews  how  e'en  tnere  where  Christ  vouchsaft  to  teach 
Their  services  dare  an  imposter  preach. 
Por  whilst  with  private  quarrels  we  decaid, 
We  way  for  them  and  their  religion  made  ; 
And  now  but  withes  can  to  heaven  preferre, 
May  they  gain  Christ,  or  we  his  sepulchre. 
Next  Ovid  calls  me,  which  though  I  admire 
Por  equalling  the  author's  quickening  fire, 
And  his  pure  phrase ;  yet  more,  remembring  it 
Was  by  a  mind  so  much  distracted  writ. 
Business  and  war,  ill  midwives  to  produce 
The  happy  offspring  of  so  sweet  a  muse, 
Whilst  every  unknown  face  did  danger  threat, 
For  every  native  there  was  twice  a  Gete. 
More,  when  (return'd)  thy  worke  review'd,  exposed 
What  pith  before  the  biding  bark  inclosed, 
And  with  it  that  essay,  which  lets  us  see 
Well  by  the  foot  what  Hercules  would  be. 
All  fitly  offer'd  to  his  princely  hands 
By  whose  protection  learning  chiefly  stands  ; 
Whose  virtue  moves  more  pens  than  his  power  swords, 
And  theme  to  these,  and  edge  to  those  affords 
Who  could  not  be  displeased,  that  his  great  fame 
So  pore  a  muse,  so  sharply  should  proclaime 
With  his  Queen's  praise  in  the  same  model  cast, 
Which  shall  not  lease  than  all  their  annals  last. 
Yet  though  we  wonder  at  thy  charming  voice, 
Perfection  still  was  wanting  in  thy  choice  ; 


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Retrospective  Review-  l^P*' 

And  of  a  soule,  which  so  much  power  possest, 
That  choice  is  hardly  good,  that  is  not  best. 
And  though  thy  muse  were  ethnically  chart 
When  most  fault  could  be  found,  yet  now  thou  hast 
Diverted  to  a  purer  path  thy  quill. 
And  chang'd  Parnassus  Mount  to  Sion  s  Hill , 
So  that  blest  David  might  almost  desire 
To  hear  his  harp  thus  echo'd  by  thy  lyre. 
Such  eloquence,  that  though  it  were  abused 
Could  not  but  be  (though  not  allow  d)  excused, 
Join'd  to  a  worke  so  choise,  that  though  ill  done, 
So  pious  an  attempt  praise  could  not  shun. 
How  strangely  doth  its  darkest  texts  disclose 
In  verses  of  such  sweetness  ;  that  even  those 
From  whom  the  unknown  tongue  conceals  the  sense, 
Even  in  the  sound  must  finde  an  eloquence. 
For  though  the  most  bewitching  musicke  could 
Move  men  no  more  than  rocks,  thy  language  ™™« 
Those  who  make  wit  their  curse,  who  spend  their  brain, 
Their  time,  and  art  in  looser  verse,  to  gam 
Damnation  and  a  mistress,  till  they  sec 
How  constant  that  is,  how  inconstant  she : 
May  from  this  great  example  learn  to  sway 
The  partes  they're  blest  with,  some  more  blessed  way. 
Fate  can  against  thee  but  two  foes  advance, 
Sbarpe-sighted  Envy,  aud  blinde  Ignorance. 
The  first  (by  nature  like  a  shadow  neare 
To  all  great  acts)  I  rather  hate  than  feare. 
For  them  (since  whatsoever  most  they  raise 
In  private,  that  they  most  in  throngs  dispraise, 
And  know  the  ill  they  act,  condemn'd  within) 
Who  envies  thee,  may  no  man  envy  him. 
The  last  I  feare  not  much,  but  pity  more, 
For  though  they  cannot  the  least  fault  explore. 
Yet  if  they  might  the  high  tribunal  climb, 
To  them  thy  excellence  would  be  thy  crime, 
For  eloquence  with  things  profane  they  joine, 
Nor  count  it  fit  to  mix  with  what 's  divine, 
Like  art  and  paintings  laid  upon  a  face 
Of  itselfe  sweet ;  which  more  deforme  than  grace 
Yet  as  the  church  with  ornaments  is  fraught, 
Why  may  not  that  be  too,  which  there  is  taught. 

And  sure  that  vesscll  of  election,  Paul, 

Who  judaised  with  Jews,  was  all  to  all, 

So  to  gaine  some,  would  be,  a  least,  content, 

Some  for  the  curious,  should  be  eloquent. 

For  since  the  way  to  heaven  is  rugged,  who 

Would  have  the  way  to  that  way,  be  so  too  ? 

Or  think  it  fit,  we  should  not  leave  obtaine 
To  learne  with  pleasure  what  we  act  wijh  paine. 

Since  then  some  stay,  unless  their  path  be  even, 

Nor  will  be  led  by  solecisms  to  heaven, 

And  (though  a  habit  scarce  to  be  controlled) 

Refuse  a  cordial,  when  not  brought  in  gold, 

Much  like  to  them  to  that  disease  iuur'd, 

Which  can  be  no  way  but  by  musick  cur'd. 

I  joy  in  hope,  that  no  small  piety 

Will  in  their  colde  hearts  be  warmed  by  thee  ; 

For  as  none  could  more  harmony  dispeuse, 

So  neither  could  thy  flowing  eloquence 

So  well  in  any  task  be  used  as  this, 

To  sound  His  praises  forth,  whose  gift  it  is. 

.  Cui  non  certaverit  ulla 

Aut  tantum  fluerc,  aut  totidem  durare  per  annus* 

(To  be  continued.) 

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1835.]  273 

- 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Recollections  of  an  Excursion  to  tlie 
Monasteries  ofAlcobaca  and  Batalha. 
By  the  Author  of  I'athek. 

MR.  BECKFORD  must  give  us  the 
origin  of  this  volume  in  his  own 
words.  "  The  other  day,  in  examin- 
ing some  papers,  I  met  with  very  slight 
notes  of  this  excursion.  Flattering 
myself  that  perhaps  they  might  not 
be  totally  unworthy  of  expansion,  I 
invoked  the  powers  of  memory, — and 
behold  !  uprose  the  whole  scries  of  re- 
collections I  am  uow  submitting  to 
that  indulgent  public,  which  has  shown 
more  favour  to  my  former  sketches 
than  they  merited." 

Should  the  powers  of  memory  pos- 
sess, in  their  deeply-laden  archives,  any 
other  volumes  similar  to  the  present, 
«*  also  shall  invoke  them  to  bestow,  as 
speedily  as  possible,  such  treasures  on 
the  world,    if  deep  sensibility  to  all 
that  it  beautiful  in  nature  and  in  art, 
a  rich  romantic  imagination,  fine  and 
finished  taste,  humour  most  elegant 
and  playful,  all  dashed  with  a  wild 
and  fastidious  melancholy,  and  mixed 
op  with  a  thousand  joyous  or  tender 
eapriceios  of  the  mind,  now  breaking 
oat  into  a  lofty  enthusiasm,  and  now 
dissolving  in  the  languor  of  an  Asiatic 
voluptuousness, — if  a  combination  of 
qualities  like  these  can  afford  delight 
and  instruction,  then  will  this  volume 
be  found  *  cedro  decoratum  et  pur- 
port,' and  ranked  among  the  *  libellos 
Romano  sale  tinctos.'    But  it  pos- 
sesses another  charm ;  it  throws  us, 
as  it  were  by  magic,  among  the  people 
of  another  age,  into  a  society  long 
since  passed  away,  and  habits,  and 
manners,  and  pleasures,  and  amuse- 
ments, and  anxieties,  and  interests, 
that  are  not  only  departed,  but  for- 
gotten.   What  a  strange  mixture  of 
feelings  must  the  perusal  of  these  few 
Pages  produce  on  every  thoughtful 
mind ;  what  a  mixture  of  regret  and 
satisfaction,  of  fear  and  of  doubt,  of 
smiles  and  sighs.    What  regret  for 
the  certain  good  and  happiness  and 
content,  that  has  been  lost  ;  what 
doubt  and  fear  as  to  the  greater  and 
more  universal  happiness  that  is  to 
^m.  Mac.  Vol.  IV. 


succeed.  At  any  rate,  it  is  some  con- 
solation to  escape  for  one  vacant  hour 
from  the  loom  and  the  factory,  the 
steam-engine  and  the  spinning-jenny, 
the  starving  weaver  and  the  discon- 
tented journeyman,  the  radical  peer 
and  the  eleemosynary  demagogue,  from 
agricultural  distress  and  stockjobbing 
iniquity,  to  the  joyous  and  careless 
and  indolent  plenty  of  other  and  more 
genial  day*  :  the  days  of  fat  grand 
priors,  and  pampered  monks,  and 
painted  marchionesses,  and  kind  heart- 
ed, round -bellied  lord  abbots,  and  a 
happy-contented  peasantry,  with  feel- 
ings warm  and  genial  as  the  skies 
under  which  they  lived,  and  as  the 
soil  which  hung  the  purple  grape  over 
their  roof,  and  showered  the  fatness 
of  the  olive  on  their  floors.  The  sub- 
ject of  Mr.  Beckford's  book  is  a  visit 
which  he  made  in  June  1794,  at  the 
desire  of  the  Prince  Regent  of  Portugal, 
to  the  monasteries  of  Alcobaca  and 
Batalha,  accompanied  with  his  friends 
the  Grand  Prior  of  Aviz,  and  the  Prior 
of  St.  Vincent's.  However  delightful 
such  an  excursion  might  have  been  to 
the  hopes  of  an  active  and  intelligent 
Englishman,  who  is  never  happy  un- 
less he  is  either  moving  or  designing 
to  move,  it  appeared  in  very  different 
colours  to  the  Grand  Prior's  more  tran- 
quil temperament.  '  Why  he  should/ 
says  Mr.  Bcckford,  '  have  dreaded 
the  journey  so  much,  I  really  could 
not  imagine,  every  pains  having  been 
taken  to  make  it  so  easy  and  so  smooth. 
It  was  settled  he  should  loll  in  his 
dormeuse,  or  in  my  chaise,  just  as  he 
best  pleased,  and  look  at  nothing  cal- 
culated to  excite  the  fatigue  of  reflec- 
tion ;  topographical  inquiries  were  to 
be  waived  completely,  and  no  ques- 
tions asked  about  who  endowed  such 
a  church,  or  raised  such  a  palace ; 
we  were  to  proceed,  or  rather  creep 
along,  by  short  and  facile  stages;  stop- 
ping to  dine,  and  sup,  and  repose,  as 
delectably  as  in  the  most  commodious 
of  houses.  Every  thing  that  could  be 
thought  of,  or  even  dreamed  of  for 
our  convenience  and  relaxation,  was 
to  be  carried  in  our  train,  and  nothing 

2  N 


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274 


Review. — Beckford's  Alcoba?a  and  Batalha.  [Sept. 


left  behind  but  Care  and  Sorrow — two 
spectres,  who  had  they  dared  to  mount 
on  our  shoulders,  would  have  been 
driven  off  with  a  high  hand  by  the 
Prior  of  St.  Vincent's,  than  whom  a 
more  delightful  companion  never  ex- 
isted since  the  days  of  those  polished 
and  gifted  Cardinals  who  formed  such 
a  galaxy  of  talent  and  facetiousness 
round  Leo  the  Tenth.' 

This  is  a  superb  commencement,  and 
the  spirit  of  it  holds  out  usque  ad 
finem.  They  "  dawdled  and  doodled" 
from  quinta  to  quinta,  from  convent 
to  convent,  through  roads  bordered  by 
aloes,  and  shaded  with  orange  trees;* 
and  were  received  every  evening  with 
all  the  comfort  and  luxury  that  the 
heart  of  man,  or  even  of  churchman, 
could  desire ;  they  had  with  them  Mr. 
Beckford's  '  famous  Simon,  the  most 
incomparable  of  cooks ;'  and  they  en- 
joyed a  warm,  enervating  atmosphere, 
loaded  with  perfume,  which  univer- 
sally invested  the  pleasant,  umbrageous 
region.  What  wonder  then,  if  my 
Lord  of  Aviz,  the  most  consummate 
professor  of  t'j  dolce  far  niente,  could 
be  withdrawn  from  it  without  infinite 
reluctance  ?  What  wonder  if  he  could 
hardly  be  persuaded  even  to  traverse  a 
short  avenue  which  led  to  a  summer  pa- 
vilion on  the  banks  of  the  river,  where 
the  rooming  collation  was  prepared? 
And  what  wonder  if,  after  the  fatigue 
of  being  dragged  by  six  fat  mules 
through  fields  of  Turkish  corn  and 
black  Sicilian  wheat,  about  a  league 
each  day,  the  good  old  Prior  was 
happy  to  find  himself  in  the  afternoon 
in  a  comfortable,  antiquated  mansion, 
perfectly  cool  and  clean;  the  floors 
neatly  matted,  the  tables  covered  with 
the  finest  white  linen,  and  in  bright, 
clear  caraffes  of  Venetian  glass,  the 


•  The  fine  Bay-tree,  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Beckford  in  the  convent  garden  of  Tojal, 
is  probably  the  largest  in  existence.  '  One 
of  the  grandest  objects  of  the  vegetable 
world,  which  ever  met  my  sight,  is  a  Bay- 
tree,  situated  in  the  thickest  part  of  the 
orange  orchards,  above  which  it  towers, 
majestically  clothed  with  luxuriant  boughs 
that  glisten  with  health  and  vigour.  It 
consists  of  about  30  stems,  none  less  than 
2  feet,  and  some  32  inches  in  diameter, 
springing  from  one  root,  and  rising  to  the 
height  of  64  feet.  I  loitered  away  the 
sultry  hours  of  mid-day  most  pleasantly 
under  its  deep  and  fragrant  shade.' 


most  beautiful  carnations  that  were 
ever  met  with,  even  at  Genoa,  and  in 
the  Durazzo  gardens?'  But  we  will 
anticipate  no  more ;  we  will  not  tan- 
talize our  readers  with  our  imperfect 
description  of  this  most  delicious, 
most  luxurious  of  all  journeys  (journey, 
quotha !  nay  call  it  a  moving  repose) 
of  three  miles  every  two  hours ;  we 
shall  say  nothing  of  the  arrival  at  the 
convent— of  the  welcome  of  the  Abbot 
in  his  costume  of  High  Almoner  of 
Portugal  ;  nor  shall  we  venture  to 
bint,  how  delectable^it  was  to  witness 
with  what  cooings  and  comfortings 
the  Lord  Abbot  of  Alcobaca  greeted 
his  right  reverend  brethren  of  Aviz 
and  St.  Vincent's  (turtle  doves  were 
never  more  fondlesome !),  nor  how  the 
Grand  Priors,  hand  in  hand,  ail  three 
together,  said  in  perfect  unison,  *  To 
the  kitchen,  to  the  kitchen,  and  that 
immediately,  you  will  then  judge 
whether  we"  have  been  wanting  in  zeal, 
to  regale  you.' — All  this  we  omit,  but 
ye  gods  1  how  can  we  in  justice  to 
ourselves,  or  our  readers,  (good  easy 
souls !  who  fancy  a  fat,  vulgar,  brown 
woman  of  40  to  be  a  cook,  and  a 
dark,  square,  subterraneous  chamber  a 
kitchen  ;)  how  can  we,  when  such  ha- 
bitual profanation  of  terms  exists,  re- 
fuse to  open  their  eyes  to  a  sense  of 
the  original  glory  of  that  magnificent 
temple,  in  which  the  belly-god,  the 
deity  of  cookery,  the  lord  of  fire  and 
water  and  steam,  delights  to  reside, 
and  watch  his  thousand  satellites,  in 
white  cotton  caps  and  aprons,  the  mi- 
nisters of  his  pleasure,  with  counte- 
nances thoughtful  as  become  them, 
gliding  before  them  : — 

On  their  brows 
Deliberation  sate,  and  public  care. 

'  Through  the  centre  of  the  im- 
mense and  nobly-groined  hall,  not  less 
than  60  feet  in  diameter,  ran  a  brisk 
rivulet  of  the  clearest  water,  containing 
every  sort  and  size  of  the  finest  river 
fish.  On  one  side,  loads  of  game  and 
venison  were  heaped  up ;  on  the  other, 
vegetables  and  fruit  in  endless  variety. 
Beyond  a  long  line  of  stoves  extended 
a  row  of  ovens,  and  close  to  them  hil- 
locks of  wheaten  flour  whiter  than 
snow,  rocks  of  sugar,  jars  of  the  purest 
oil,  and  pastry  in  vast  abundance, 
which  a  numerous  tribe  of  lay  bro- 
thers and  their  attendants  were  roll- 


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1835.] 


Review.— Beckford's  Akobaqa  and  Batalha. 


275 


ing  oat,  and  puffing  up  into  a  hun- 
dred different  shapes,  singing  all  the 
while  as  blithely  as  larks  in  a  corn 
field/  This  is  as  it  should  be.  This 
is  no  menage  bourgeois.    This  is  ca- 
tholic and  comfortable,  and  should  be 
listened  to  with  attention  by  all  ranks, 
from  the  senator  to  the  scullion.  We 
have  no  heart  to  leave  off.    We  remain 
lingering  round  the  flesh-pots  of  this 
goodly  convent,  with  the  same  wistful 
eyes  and  hungry  lips,  as  we  have  seen 
the  halfstarved  pot-boys  clinging  to 
the  iron  railings  of  the  area,  and  en- 
deavouring to  inhale  the  rich  and  sa- 
voury steams  that  ascend  from  some 
club-house  kitchen.   To  those  who 
are  only  acquainted  with  the  bustle, 
the  noise,  the  vulgarity  of  a  London 
dinner,  the  misery  of  its  squeeze,  and 
the  barbarous  necessity  of  using  the 
lips  for  other  purposes  than  those  of 
purveying  for  their  lord  the  Palate 
(their  great  legitimate  design),  what 
would  they  think  when  contemplating 
a  picture  of  repose,  tranquillity,  and 
rational  and  dignified  enjoyment,  that 
the  gardens  of  Epicurus  or  the  saloons 
of  Versailles  never  knew.    '  We  pass- 
ed through  a  succession  of  cloisters 
and  galleries,  which  the  shades  of 
evening  rendered  dimly  visible,  till 
we  entered  a  saloon  superb  indeed, 
covered  with  pictures,  and  lighted  up 
by  a  profusion  of  wax  tapers  in  sconces 
of  silver.    .Right  in  the  centre  of  this 
stately  room  stood  a  most  ample  table, 
covered  with  fringed  embroidered  linen, 
and  around  it  four  ponderous  fauteuib 
for  the  guest  and  the  three  prelates  : 
so  we  formed  a  very  comfortable  partie 
quarre'e.    The  banquet  itself  consisted 
of  not  only  the  most  excellent  usual 
fare,  but  rarities  and  delicacies  of  past 
seasons  and  distant  countries.  Ex- 
quisite sausages,   potted  lampreys, 
strange  messes  from  the  Brazils,  and 
others  still  stranger  from  China  (edible 
birds'  nests  and  sharks'  fins),  dressed 
&[ter  the  latest  mode  of  Macao,  by  a 
Chinese  lay  brother.  Confectionery 
and  fruits  were  out  of  the  question 
here.   They  awaited  us  in  an  adjoin- 
ing still  more  spacious  and  sumptuous 
apartment,  to  which  we  retired  from 
the  effluvia  of  wines  and  sauces,'  &c. 
'  Bibisti  satis/  said  a  voice ;  who  cried 
out  that  the  curtain  was  drawn,  and 
Donna  Inez  on  the  stage. — *  In  act 
the  third,  to  my  infinite  astonishment, 


I  found  his  Majesty  totally  unac- 
quainted with  the  little  circumstance 
of  Donna  Inez  having  favoured  his 
recreant  son  with  a  brace  of  children. 
He  more  than  suspected  espousals  had 
taken  place  between  them,  but  he  little 
thought  any  fruits  from  the  degrading 
match  were  in  existence.  Upon  his 
prime  Counsellor's  disclosing  the  fact, 
he  asks,  with  a  perfidious  coolness, 
'What  are  they  like?'  'Doves,  my  dread 
lord,'  answers  the  Counsellor  with  in- 
finite suavity,  to  which  the  infuriated 
monarch  replies,  with  a  voice  like 
thunder, 

'  It  matters  not,  I'll  tear  their  felon  hearts ! 
Perish  they  shall.' 

And  with  this  horrid  menace  quits 
the  stage  in  a  paroxysm  of  ungovern- 
able fury,  still  repeating  behind  the 
scenes  '  Perish  they  shall,' — which 
was  repeated  again  and  again,  from 
the  top  of  a  ladder,  by  an  old  and 
dignified  monk,  a  passionate  lover  of 
the  drama,  but  who  being  decorously 
shy  of  appearing  on  the  open  boards, 
had  taken  the  part  of  Echo,  which  he  per- 
formed to  admiration.    Act  the  fourth 
offered  nothing  very  loud  or  remark  • 
able ;  but  in  act  the  fifth,  the  horror 
and  terror  were  working  up  to  the 
highest  pitch.    Two  determined  as- 
sassins had  been  procured — their  looks 
most  murderous — the  children  ran  off 
—the  assassins  pursued — shrill  and 
bitter  squeakings  were  heard  at  the 
furthest  extremity  of  the  stage,  such 
as  a  desperate  conflict  between  rats 
and  mice  often  produces  behind  old 
walls  and  wainscotings.    The  audience 
appeared  prodigiously  affected.  Most 
of  them  stood  up,  stretching  out  their 
necks  like  a  flock  of  alarmed  turkeys/ 
&c. — But  we  must  leave  abbot  and 
actor,  monk  and  acolyte,  Donna  Fran - 
cisca,  and  the  Bird-Queen,  the  towers 
of  Batalha,  and  the  mausoleum  of  Don 
Emanuel,  and  all  the  '  Lepore  tinctos 
Attico  sales/  in  which  they  were  pre- 
served.   The  talisman  is  broken  :  the 
fragrant  plains  of  cistus,  and  laven- 
der, and  rosemary,  have  faded  away. 
The  azure  bloom  that  invested  the 
mountains  of  Leiria  is  melted,  and 
even  the  long  line  of  ghostlike  fathers, 
each  with  a  fishing-rod  projecting 
from  his  piebald  drapery,  angling  on 
with  pale  and  patient  countenances, 
arc  no  more  to  be  seen.    We  wake 


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276  Rkview. — Irving'*  Abbotsford  and  Newstead  Abbey.  [Sept. 


from  this  enchanted  dream,  and  find 
ourselves  listening  to  Sir  Charles  We- 
therell  on  the  Corporation  Bill,  and 
Messieurs  Hume  and  Roebuck  on  the 
Ipswich  petition  !  The  palace  of  Ar- 
inida  has  vanished,  and  Exeter  Hall 
rises  in  its  stead. 

"  As  oft  the  clouds  frame  shapes  of  castles 
great 

Amid  the  air,  that  little  time  do  last, 
But  are  dissolved  by  wind,  or  Titan's  heat, 
Or  like  vain  dreams  soon  made  and  sooner 
past; 

The  palace  vanish* d  so,  nor  in  his  seat 
Left  ought  but  rocks  and  crags,  by  kind 
there  plac'd ;  [drew, 
She  in  her  coach  which  tiro  old  serpents 
Sate  down,  and  as  she  us'd,  away  she  flew." 


Miscellauies,  by  the  Author  of  the 
Sketch-book,  containing  Abbotsford 
and  Netvstead  Abbey. 

MR.  \V.  IRVING  informs  us,  that 
'  the  travelling  notes  which  he  took  at 
the  time,  were  scanty  and  vague,  and 
his  memory  extremely  fallacious,  so 
that  he  fears  he  shall  disappoint  with 
the  mcagrencss  and  crudeness  of  his 
details.' — And  it  is  true  that  there  is 
very  little  in  this  volume  to  gratify  cu- 
riosity, or  to  enlarge  or  correct  our 
previous  knowledge  of  the  great  and 
eminent  persons  to  whom  it  relates; 
but  nevertheless  the  work  is  got  up 
with  much  cleverness  and  taste.  A 
skilful  hand,  and  judicious  eye,  may 
be  seen  through  the  whole.  Before 
the  first  page  is  well  past,  Mr.  Irving 
is  sitting  at  breakfast  with  Sir  Wal- 
ter (then  Mr.)  Scott  and  his  family  : 
befoie  noon  he  is  rambling  among  the 
ruins  of  Melrose  Abbey.  Every  one 
has  heard  of  Johnny  Brown,  the  sexton 
of  the  parish,  and  the  custodian  of 
those  celebrated  ruins.  Johnny  con- 
sidered the  Lay  of  the  last  Minstrel  as 
the  summum  opus  of  the  poet;  and 
he  could  not  bear  to  consider  it  other- 
wise than  as  a  solid,  authentic  piece 
of  history.  '  It's  just  e'en  as  gude  a 
thing  as  Mr.  Scott  has  written,  an'  if 
he  were  stannin'  there  I  *d  tell  him  so.' 
— Now  as  Johnny  Brown  piqued  him- 
self on  showing  every  thing  laid  down 
in  the  poem,  there  was  one  passage 
that  perplexed  him  sadly.  It  was  the 
opening  of  one  of  the  cantos. 


44  If  thou  would'st  view  Melrose  aright. 
Go,  visit  it  at  pale  moonlight, 
For  the  gay  beams  of  lightsome  day 
Gild,  but  to  flout  the  ruins  grey,"  fee. 

In  consequence  of  this  admonition, 
many  of  the  most  devout  pilgrims  to 
the  ruin  would  not  be  contented  with 
a  \3  ay  light  inspection,  and  insisted  it 
could  be  nothing  unless  aided  by 
the  light  of  the  moon.  Now  unfortu- 
nately the  moon  shines  but  a  part  of 
the  month,  and  what  is  still  more 
unfortuuate,  is  very  apt  in  Scotland 
to  be  obscured  by  clouds  and  mists. 
Johnny  was  sorely  puzzled  therefore 
how  to  accommodate  his  poetry-struck 
visitors  with  this  indispensable  moon- 
shine. At  length,  in  a  lucky  moment, 
he  devised  a  substitute  for  the  moon. 
It  was  a  great  double  tallow- candle 
stuck  upon  the  end  of  a  pole,  with 
which  he  would  conduct  his  visitors 
about  the  ruins  on  dark  nights,  so 
much  to  their  satisfaction  that  at  length 
he  began  to  think  it  even  preferable  to 
the  moon  itself.  '  It  does  na'  light  up 
a'  at  once,  to  be  sure,'  he  would  say, 
•  hut  then  you  can  shift  it  about,  and 
show  the  auld  Abbey  bit  by  bit,  whilst 
the  moon  only  shines  on  one  side.' — 
One  of  the  ingenious  devices  on  which 
the  worthy  little  man  prided  himself, 
was  to  place  a  visitor  opposite  to  the 
Abbey,  with  his  back  to  it,  and  bid 
him  bend  down  and  look  at  it  between 
his  legs ;  this  he  said  gave  an  entire 
different  aspect  to  the  view.  Folks 
admired  the  plau  amazingly,  but  as  to 
the  '  leddies,'  they  were  dainty  on  the 
matter,  and  contented  themselves  with 
looking  from  under  their  arms. 

The  following  account  of  Scott's 
habits,  so  different  from  those  of  the 
student  and  author,  is  curious ;  and 
we  must  presume  that  he  had  collected 
such  ample  materials  during  the  years 
of  his  youth  for  his  future  lucubra- 
tions, as  to  leave  him  perhaps  only 
the  lighter  task  of  polishing  and  set- 
ting them ;  at  least,  his  reading  had 
not  only  been  so  extensive,  but  so 
well- arranged  and  selected,  as  to  lighten 
the  toil  of  composition,  by  placing  at 
hand  the  best  and  richest  materials  for 
his  Actions.  But,  in  fact,  the  mind 
must  have  much  and  frequent  repose ; 
and  the  hardest  working  man  has 
much  time  to  spare.    The  poet,  and. 


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1 S3 j  ]  Review.— Rambles  in  Northumberland,  Sfe.  277 


the  men  of  genius  and  observation, 
finds  his  study  and  his  pen  wherever 
he  goes. 

44  During  several  days  that  I  passed  at 
Abbotsford,  Scott  was  in  admirable  vein. 
From  early  morn  until  dinner-time,  he 
was  rambling  about,   showing  me  the 
neighbourhood,  and  during  dinner,  and 
till  late  at  night,  engaged  in  social  con- 
versation.  No  time  was  reserved  for  him- 
self, he  seemed  as  if  his  only  occupation 
was  to  entertain  me;  and  yet  I  was  almost 
an  entire  stranger  unto  him,  one  of  whom 
he  knew  nothing,  but  an  idle  book  that  I 
had  written,  and  which  some  years  before 
had  amused  him.    But  such  was  Scott. 
He  appeared  to  have  nothing  to  do  but  to 
lavish  his  time,  attention,  and  conversa- 
tion on  those  around  him.    It  was  diffi- 
cult to  imagine  what  time  he  found  to 
write  those  volumes  that  were  incessantly 
issuing  from  the  press,  all  of  which  too 
were  of  a  nature  to  require  reading  and 
research.     I  could  not  find  that  his  life 
was  ever  otherwise  than  a  life  of  leisure, 
and  happiness,  and  recreation,  such  as  it 
was  during  my  visit.    He  scarce  ever 
balked  a  party  of  pleasure,  or  shooting 
excursion,   and  rarely  pleaded  his  own 
concerns  as  an  excuse  for  neglecting  those 
of  others.    During  my  visit,  I  heard  of 
other  visitors,  who  had  preceded  me,  and 
who  must  have  kept  him  occupied  many 
days ;  and  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of 
knowing  the  course  of  his  daily  life  for 
some  time  subsequently.    Not  long  after 
ay  departure  from  Abbotsford,  my  friend 
Wilkie  arrived  there  to  paint  a  picture  of 
the  Scott  family.    He  found  the  house 
fall  of  guests.    Scott's  whole  time  was 
taken  up  in  driving  and  riding  about  the 
country,  or  in  social  conversation  at  home. 
4  All  this  time,'  said  Wilkie  to  me,  4 1  did 
not  presume  to  ask  Mr.  Scott  to  sit  for 
his  portrait,  for  I  saw  that  he  had  not  a 
moment  to  spare.    I  waited  for  the  guests 
to  go  away,  but  as  fast  as  one  set  went, 
another  arrived,  and  so  it  continued  for 
sereral  days,  and  with  each  set  he  was 
completely  occupied.    At  length  all  went 
off,  and  we  were  quiet.    I  thought,  how- 
ever, Mr.  Scott  will  now  shut  himself  up 
among  his  books  and  papers,  for  he  has 
to  make  up  for  lost  time.   It  won't  do  for 
me  to  ask  him  now  to  sit  for  his  picture.' 
Laidlaw,  who  managed  his  estate,  came 
in,  and  Scott  turned  to  him,  as  I  sup- 
posed, to  consult  about  business.    4  Laid- 
law,' said  he,  4  to  morrow  morning  we 
will  go  across  the  water,  and  take  the 
dogs  with  us,  there  is  a  place  where  I 
think  we  shall  be  able  to  find  a  hare.'    4  In 
«hort,'  says  Wilkie, 4 1  found  that,  instead 


of  business,  he  was  thinking  only  of 
amusement,  as  if  he  had  nothing  in  the 
world  to  occupy  him.  So  I  no  longer 
feared  to  intrude  upon  his  time.'  " 

The  second  part,  which  relates  to 
Newstead  Abbey  and  Lord  Byron,  is 
of  a  more  imaginative  and  romautic 
cast,  and  is  drawn  up  with  much  skill 
and  effect ;  while  the  story  of  the 
*  White  Lady,'  and  her  tragical  death, 
which  concludes  the  volume,  produces 
a  fine  close  to  the  harmony  of  the 
whole.  This  volume  may  disappoint 
perhaps  from  the  scantiness  of  its  ma- 
terials, but  all  must  acknowledge  the 
artist Wke  manner  in  which  it  has  been 
arranged, — its  different  groups  dis- 
posed,— and  the  lights  and  shadows 
flung  gracefully  on  the  figures  and 
scenery  beneath. 


Rambles  in  Northumberland,  and  on  the 
Scottish  Border,  fyc.  By  Stephen 
Oliver  the  younger. 

THIS  is  one  of  the  most  pleasing 
books  on  local  history  which  we  have 
met  with  ;  and  is  written  by  one  who 
knows  how  pleasingly  to  impart  the 
stores  of  knowledge  which  he  pos- 
sesses. To  the  lover  of  Border  anti- 
quities it  will  be  a  valuable  compa- 
nion. Many  curious  legends  are  re- 
cited, and  many  historic  incidents 
brought  forward  with  skill  to  bear 
upon  local  traditions.  As,  however, 
we  neither  have  room  to  quote  them, 
nor  ability  to  abridge  them,  we  will 
give  a  peep  at  the  library  of  our 
late  Great  Minstrel,  ♦  the  mysterious 
cave,  from  which  issued,  at  his  com- 
mand, those  brilliant  and  beautiful 


*  The  author  mentions  4  that  to  the 
right  of  the  entrance  hall  is  the  figure  of 
Maida,  Sir  Walter's  favourite  Highland 
greyhound,  cut  in  stone,  with  a  Latin  in- 
scription consisting  of  two  lines  : 

Maids  marmorea  dormis  sub  imagine, 
Maida, 

Ad  januam  domini ;  sit  tibi  terra  levis. 

It  certainly  is  not  worthy  of  the  hand  of 
the  poet ;  and  reminds  us  of  an  inscrip- 
tion of  a  very  different  character  in  the 
gardens  of  Dropmore,  by  the  late  Lord 
Grenville,  to  his  dog  Tiger,  or  Tippoo; 
which  we  should  like  to  be  able  to  give 
to  the  world. 


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278  Reyibw.— Abbotsford.— The  Affairs  of  the  East.  [Sept. 


forms  that  enchanted  all  who  beheld 
them,  and  which  will  survive  in  the 
hearts  and  memory  of  man  long  ages 
after  Abbotsford  and  all  its  glories  have 
been  buried  in  their  dust. 

"  The  library  is  a  noble  room,  and,  as 
might  be  expected,  well  furnished  with 
books.    One  case,  which  is  wired  and 
locked,  is  entirely  occupied  with  the  re- 
prints of  the  Roxburghe  Clubs,  and  ano- 
ther, which  is  guarded  in  like  manner, 
contains  an  ample  collection  of  books  on 
demonology  and  witchcraft.  A  large  space 
is  occupied  by  works  on  English  and  Scot- 
tish history  and  antiquities ;  and  of  Eng- 
lish poetry,  and  biography,  and  dramatic 
literature  there  is  no  lack.    Of  the  works 
of  French  authors,  chroniclers,  historians, 
and  poets  there  is  a  large  collection  :  and 
a  case  is  entirely  occupied  with  books  in 
Italian  and  Spanish.    Of  German  books 
the  number  is  small ;  considering  that  at 
one  period  Sir  W.  Scott  was  rather  a  di- 
ligent reader  of  the  works  of  German 
authors,  to  whom  ho  owes  mora  than  one 
interesting  scene  in  his  novels.    Over  the 
mantel-piece  of  the  library,  is  a  full-length 
portrait  of  Sir  Walter's  eldest  son,  the 
present  baronet,  in  hussar  uniform,  by 
Allan  of  Edinburgh.    At  one  end  is  a 
bust  of  Shakspeare,  at  the  other  of  Sir 
Walter  himself,  executed  by  Chan  trey  in 
1822,  presented  by  the  sculptor  to  the 
poet  in  1828,  and  placed  in  its  present 
situation  in  1832.   The  beautiful  ancient 
Grecian  vase  of  silver,  presented  by  Lord 
Byron  to  Sir  Walter,  which  formerly 
stood  in  the  library,  is  now  locked  up, 
and  not  shown  to  visitors.    It  was  from 
this  vase  that  some  despicable  thief  stole 
the  letter  which  Lord  Byron  addressed  to 
Sir  Walter  when  he  sent  him  the  reliqne. 

"  The  poet's  study  is  rather  a  small, 
though  a  lofty  apartment,  dimly  lighted 
by  a  single  window.  Against  the  walls 
are  shelves  containing  books,  and  round 
three  of  its  sides  there  is  a  light  gallery, 
which  opens  to  a  private  staircase,  by 
which  Sir  Walter  could  descend  from  his 
bed-room  to  his  study  unobserved.  The 
only  furniture  in  this  room  is  the  poet's 
chair  and  writing  desk,  and  an  arm  chair 
of  oak,  made  of  the  wood  of  the  house  of 
Rob  Roy's  tower,  where  Wallace,  accord- 
ing to  an  inscription  on  it,  was  doomed 
to  die.  The  chair  was  presented  to  Sir 
Walter  by  Mr.  James  Train,  a  friend,  to 
whom  he  owed  many  of  the  interesting 
legends  and  anecdotes  embodied  in  the 
best  of  his  novels.  Above  the  fireplace  is 
Schiavonetti  and  Bromley's  engraving  of 
Stothard's  Canterbury  Pilgrimage,  the 
only  one  in  the  room.    In  an  adjoining 


closet,  in  a  tower  at  an  angle  in  the  build- 
ing, are  [is]  hung  the  suit  of  clothes  which 
Sir  Walter  last  wore,  with  his  hat,  shoes , 
and  walking  stick.  Opposite  to  them  are 
suspended  his  accoutrements,  as  an  officer 
of  the  Edinburgh  Light  Dragoons,  with 
his  tools  as  a  woodman,  consisting  of 
hatchet,  mallet,  and  knife.  The  dining 
and  drawing  room  at  Abbotsford  are  no  o 
apartments,  but  the  pictures  which  adorn 
the  walls  are,  for  the  most  part,  inferior 
productions ;  and  the  visitor  is  rather 
disappointed  to  find  that  Sir  W.  Scott's 
collection  contains  so  few  good  or  inte- 
resting historical  portraits.  Among  the 
more  remarkable  I  noticed  a  head  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  said  to  be  painted  the 
day  after  her  decapitation.  That  it  is  in- 
tended for  Mary  is  not  unlikely,  but  that 
it  was  painted  from  her  head  after  her  exe- 
cution, I  cannot  believe.  This  picture 
was  presented  to  Sir  W.  Scott  by  a  Ger- 
man nobleman,  in  whose  family  it  had 
been  upwards  of  200  years.  This  tact, 
however,  by  no  mcan9  proves  the  authen- 
ticity of  the  portrait,  which  is  not  like  the 
mnrble  mask  of  Mary's  face  which  is 
shown  in  another  room.  The  two  por- 
traits of  Claverhouse  at  Abbotsford,  prove 
that  Sir  Walter's  description  of  the  fea- 
tures of  that  cruel  man  was  not  suggested 
by  either  of  them.  Sir  Walters  portrait 
of  Claverhouse,  in  chapter  xii.  of  Old 
Mortality,  appears  to  have  been  chiefly 
copied  from  one  of  Andrieu's  medals  of 
Napoleon.  The  larger  portrait,  in  oil, 
said  to  be  that  of  Claverhouse,  now  hun^ 
in  the  staircase,  is  not,  I  understand,  a 
portrait  of  that  commander ;  the  other  is 
only  a  miniature  and  a  copy.  There  is  an 
interesting  portrait  of  Dryden,  when  old; 
a  large  one  of  Fairfax,  Earl  of  Essex,  the 
parliamentary  general,  on  horseback  ;  and 
a  curious  one,  said  to  be  that  of  Henry 
the  Eighth,  when  young." 

This  description  of  the  chamber  of 
a  '  man  of  genius'  is  highly  interest- 
ing, we 

 "  Write  all  down, 

Such  and  such  pictures — there  the  window. 
—————  The  arras,  figures, 
Why,  such  and  such." 


The  Affairs  of  the  East,  in  connection 
with  England  and  Russia;  or  the 
Sultan  Mahmoud,  and  Mehemet  Ali 
Pacha.  By  the  Author  of  "  England, 
France,  Russia,  and  Turkey.'1  Bvo. 
pp.  67. 

FEW  persons  will  deny  that  peace, 
whenever  attainable,  is  the  true  policy 


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1835.]       REVtftw.— Miss  F.  Kei 

of  all  nations,  and  that  it  is  eminently 
so  of  Great  Britain  at  the  present  time, 
it  seems  therefore  to  follow,  as  a  con- 
sequence of  that  position,  that  it  is  the 
duty  of  an  enlightened  Administration 
to  preserve  peace ;  and  in  order  to  pre- 
serve peace,  to  endeavour  to  take  such 
a  comprehensive  view  of  the  conflicting 
interests  of  surrounding  states  as  will 
enable  it  discreetly  to  avoid  identifica- 
tion with  any  of  them ;  thereby  avoid- 
ing those  causes  of  war  which  would 
probably  result  from  a  too  intimate 
connection  between  the  parties. 

The  author  of  the  tract  before  us  has 
bestowed  much  attention  on  the  poli- 
tical relations  of  Russia  and  Turkey, 
and  after  stating  several  curious  and 
not  unimportant  facts  with  great  em- 
phasis, has  brought  himself,  and  wishes 
to  bring  his  readers,  to  an  opinion  that 
Russia  "  has  detached  France  from 
England/'  and  has  made  progress  in 
the  "  demoralization"  of  Turkey,  and 
therefore  that  "  it  really  is  time  to  call 
the  attention  of  those  whp  are  inte- 
rested in  the  maintenance  of  peace,  to 
the  precariousness  of  its  continuance;" 
that  we  are  unwisely  thinking  of  effect- 
ing a  reconciliation  between  Mehemet 
Ali  and  the  Sultan,  while  we  ought  to 
*'  change  our  champion"  in  that  field,  and 
"  concert  our  jilans  ;" — that  we  ought 
in  fact  to  identify  ourselves  with  the 
came  of  the  Sultan,  notwithstanding  his 
connection  with  Russia;  and  "  rejoice  to 
have  such  an  instrument  placed  in  our 
hands,"  remembering  that  "the  very 
qualities  that  would  make  him  useful 
to  us,  impose  upon  us  the  necessity  of 
using  him  ;  because  these  qualities,  if 
not  utilized  by  us,  will  be  utilized  by 
Russia." 

If  we  rightly  understand  the  argu- 
ment of  this  writer,  it  is  that  we  should 
nake  war  in  order  to  prevent  war  ;  which 
reminds  us  of  Cowper's  fable  of  the 
"  Needless  Alarm,"  under  which  cer- 
tain sheep,  not  endowed  with  a  very 
large  portion  of  political  sagacity,  pro- 
posed to  "  save  their  lives"  by  jump- 
ing into  "  a  deep  pit  lined  with  bram- 
bles." 

Viewing  our  national  policy  through 
his  own  political  telescope,  this  author 
discovers,  in  the  pursuit  of  such  a 
course  of  action  as  that  above  suggest- 
ed, nothing  but  multiplied  advantages : 
the  "  uniting  France  to  us ;"  "  de- 


ible's  Journal  in  America.  279 

taching  Austria  and  Prussia  from  Rus- 
sia j"  "  maintaining  the  independence 
of  Greece  and  of  the  Circassians;" 
"defending  Persia;"  "securing  In- 
dia," and  "  preventing  the  irruption 
of  northern  Barbarians"  into  Southern 
Europe. 

We  hope  that  such  of  these  objects, 
if  not  the  whole  of  them,  are  as  essen- 
tial to  the  well-being  of  the  world,  will 
be  effected  at  a  much  less  expense  to 
us  than  the  revival  of  war  in  Europe ; 
and  therefore,  with  all  due  deference 
to  the  opinions  and  reasonings  of  this 
well-informed  writer,  we  incline  to 
that  more  safe  and  pacific  line  of  po- 
licy which  his  Majesty  is  now  pursuing 
towards  all  his  neighbours  ;  decidedly 
deprecating  any  return  to  an  opposite 
course,  as  tending  inevitably  to  inter- 
rupt the  long  looked-for,  much  needed, 
and  much  prized  economical  retrench- 
ments now  in  progress ;  and  also  to 
put  an  end  to  colonial  improvements. 


Journal,  by  Frances  Anne  Kemble 
[now  Mrs.  Butler],  in  2  vols. 

IT  would  be  a  task  of  little  difficulty 
to  cull  out  the  laughable  peculiarities, 
the  flippant  observations,  the  vulgar 
exclamations,  the  theatrical  starts,  and 
the  affected  phrases  of  this  work  ; 
and  it  would  be  still  easier,  and  far 
more  useful,  to  bring  forward  its  pro- 
minent passages  of  sense  and  beauty, 
the  clearness  and  power  of  its  descrip- 
tions, the  sagacity  of  its  observations, 
the  versatility  of  its  feelings,  its  open- 
ness and  candour,  its  humour,  its 
pathos,  and  its  wit.  The  chief  attrac- 
tion however  of  the  work  lies  apart 
from  these  matters  ;  and  is  to  be  found 
in  the  lively  graphic  sketches  of  Ame- 
rican manners,  and  habits,  and  per- 
sons, and  things ;  which  are  so  well 
drawn,  sometimes  incidentally,  and 
sometimes  with  full  design,  sometimes 
in  a  single  word,  and  sometimes  in 
copious  and  ample  exposition,  as  to 
leave  all  other  works  relating  to  that 
country  far  behind  it.  We  must  say 
that  we  have  learned  more  from  a 
page  of  Miss  F.  Kemble,  than  from 
all  Mrs.  Trollope's  or  Captain  Hall's 
over- laboured  and  heavier  diatribes 
and  descriptions ;  and  we  think  the 
form  of  a  journal  which  Miss  Kemble 
adopted,  has  mainly  assisted  her ;  both 


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280  Review.— M iss  F.  Kerable's  Journal  in  America.  [Sept. 


as  it  makes  her  colours  more  lively, 
and  enables  her  to  record  little,  mi- 
nute, fugitive  traits  and  characteristics, 
-which  would  escape  through  the  open 
meshes  of  a  more  serious  and  elaborate 
-work.    One  praise  too  is  all  her  oirn, 
that  of  enjoying,  with  a  true  poetic 
sensibility,  the  beauty  and  grandeur 
of  the  scenery  in  which  she  dwelt,  and 
of  describing  it  with  a  free,  vigorous, 
and  animated  touch.  The  Americans, 
she  observes,  have  not  yet  arrived  at  a 
taste  for  the  picturesque  ;  and  our 
countrymen  seem,  when  in  America, 
to  have  partaken  of  the  native  insen- 
sibility.   Perhaps  there  is  a  little  de 
trap  in  Miss  Kemble's  descriptions, 
but  we  believe  it  is  always  allowed, 
that  ladies  should  not  be  stinted  in 
the  measure  of  language  allowed  them ; 
and  if  in  some  few  coses  she  weakens 
her  effect  by  too  copious  a  flow  of 
female  eloquence,  at  others  she  com- 
pensates for  it,  by  striking  off  with 
masculine  force,  in  a  few  words,  the 
whole  outline  of  her  picture,  and  with 
a  few  more,  filling  up  its  details,  or 
leaving  it  half  told,  as  curiosity  may 
best  be  gratified.    This  is  a  part  and 
province  of  the  book,  which  will  much 
gratify  all  lovers  of  nature;  and  to 
the  more  numerous  lovers  of  society, 
and  men  and  manners,  we  have  said, 
that  she  has  given  some  characteristic 
traits,  and  opened  some  well- designed 
scenes,  by  which  we  may  judge  a  little 
more  accurately  than  before,  of  the 
gentlemen  and  ladies,*  young  and  old, 
and  of  the  societies,  high  and  low,  and 
the  habits,  dirty  or  clean,  of  our  trans- 
atlantic descendants.  We  would  throw 
a  few  of  these  observations  together, 
under  their  respective  heads,  but  not 
having '  ample  room  and  verge  enough/ 
•we  must  circumscribe  ourselves  within 
the  limit  of  the  one  most  entertaining 
subject  of  all, — and  introduce  our  read- 
ers into  the  company  of  the  fair  sis- 
terhood of  our  sister  land,  hoping  it 
may  lead  some  of  our  Travelling  Club 
to  wander  to  Boston  or  Philadelphia 
in  search  of  that  tender  alliance,  which 


•  The  word  woman,  or  women,  Miss 
K.  says,  is  not  used  in  America :  but  a 
more  becoming  substitute  is  found  in  the 
word  lady  and  ladies.  They  have  altered 
much  the  language  of  our  Liturgy,  in  order 
to  elevate  and  ennoble  it ;  perhaps  they 
will  come  at  last  to—"  And  the  serpent 
said  unto  the  /<?rfy,"  &c. 


may  unite  the  interests,  improve  the 
harmony,  and  amalgamate  the  breed 
of  the  two  countries. 

44  The  women  here,  like  those  of  most 
warm  climates,  ripen  very  early,  and  decay 
proportionably  soon.  They  are,  generally 
speaking,  pretty,  with  good  complexions, 
and  an  air  of  freshness  and  brilliancy,  bat 
this  I  am  told  is  very  evanescent ;  and 
whereas  in  England  a  woman  is  in  the  full 
bloom  of  health  and  beauty  from  20  to  35, 
here  they  scarcely  reach  the  first  period 
without  being  faded  and  looking  old. 
They  marry  very  young,  and  this  is  ano- 
ther reason  why  age  comes  prematurely 
upon  them.  There  was  a  fair  young  thing 
at  dinner  to-day,  who  did  not  look  above 
17,  and  she  was  a  wife.    As  for  their  fi- 
gures, like  those  of  French  women,  they 
are  too  well  dressed  for  one  to  judge  ex- 
actly what  they  are  like.    They  are  for 
the  most  part  short  and  light,  with  re- 
markably pretty  feet  and  ancles  ;  but  there 
is  too  much  pelerine  and  petticoat  and  *  de 
quoi'  of  every  sort,  to  guess  anything  more. 
The  climate  of  this  country  is  the  scape- 
goat upon  which  all  the  ill-looks  and  ill- 
health  of  the  ladies  are  laid ;  but  while 
they  are  brought  up  as  effeminate  as  they 
are,  take  as  little  exercise,  live  in  rooms 
like  ovens  during  the  winter,  and  marry 
as  early  as  they  do,  it  will  appear  evident 
that  many  causes  combine  with  an  ex- 
tremely variable  climate,  to  sallow  their 
complexions,  and  destroy  their  constitu- 
tions The  influence  which  married 

women  among  us  exercise  over  the  tone  of 
manners,  uniting  the  duties  of  home  to 
the  charms  of  social  life,  is  utterly  un- 
known here.  Married  women  are  cither 
house-drudges  and  nursery  maids,  or  if 
they  appear  in  society,  comparative  ci- 
phers. And  the  retiring,  modest,  youth- 
ful bearing,  which  among  us  distinguishes 
girls  of  fifteen  or  sixteen,  is  equally  un- 
known. Society  is  entirely  led  by  chits, 
who  in  England  would  be  sitting  behind  a 
pinafore ;  the  consequence  is,  that  it  has 
neither  the  elegance,  refinement,  nor  the 
propriety  of  ours ;  but  is  a  noisy,  rackety, 
vulgar  congregation  of  flirting  boys  and 

girls,  alike  without  style  or  decorum  

I  think  it  has  not  been  my  good  fortune, 
in  more  than  six  instances  during  my  re- 
sidence in  this  country,  to  find  the  ladies 
at  home  in  the  morning.  The  first  reason 
for  this  is  the  total  impossibility  of  having 
a  housekeeper,  the  American  servants 
stedfaslly  refusing  to  obey  two  mistresses: 
the  being  subservient  to  any  appears  in- 
deed a  dreadful  hardship  to  them.  Of 
course  this  compels  the  lady  of  the  house 
to  enter  into  all  those  minute  daily  details 
which  with  us  devolve  upon  the  superin- 
tendent servant,  and  she  is  thus  condemn- 


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1835.3       Review.— Miss  F.  Kemble's  Journal  in  America.  281 


ed,  at  least  for  some  part  of  the  morning,  to 
the  store-room  or  the  kitchen.    In  con- 
sequence  of  this  her  toilet  is  seldom  com- 
pleted until  about  to  take  her  morning 
promenade ;  and  I  have  been  a  good  deal 
surprised  more  than  once  at  being  told, 
that  '  the  ladies  were  dressing,  but  would 
be  down  immediately.'  Another  very  dis- 
agreeable result  of  this  arrangement  id, 
that  when  you  are  admitted  into  a  house 
in  the  morning,  the  rooms  appear  as  if 
they  were  never  used.  There  are  no  books 
lying  about ;  no  work  tables  covered  with 
evidences  of  constant  use  ;  or  if  there  is 
a  piano,  it  is  generally  closed,  the  whole 
giving  one  an  uninhabited  feel,  that  is 
extremely  uncomfortable.    Ah  to  a  morn- 
ing lounge  in  a  lady's  boudoir  or  a  gentle- 
man's library,  the  things  are  unheard  of. 
To  be  sure,  there  are  no  loungers,  where 
every  man  is  tied  to  a  counting-house  from 
morning  till  night. .  ».  .The  manners  of  the 
young  girls  of  America  appear  singularly 
free  to  foreigners,  and  until  they  become 
better  acquainted  with  the  causes  which 
produce  so  unrestrained  a  deportment,  they 
are  liable  to  take  disadvantageous  impres- 
sions with  regard  to  them.  The  term  which 
1  should  say  applies  best  to  the  tone  and  car- 
riage of  American  girls  from  ten  to  eighteen, 
is  hoydenish, — laughiug,  giggling,  romp- 
ing, flirting,  screaming  at  the  top  of  their 
voices,  running  in  and  out  of  shops,  and 
spending  a  very  considerable  portion  of 
their  time  in  lounging  in  the  streets.  The 
entire  liberty  which  the  majority  of  young 
ladies  are  allowed  to  assume,  at  an  age 
when  in  England  they  would  be  under  the 
strictest  nursery  discipline,  appears  very 
extraordinary.    They  not  only  walk  alone 
in  the  streets  but  go  into  society,  where 
they  take  a  determined  and  leading  part, 
without  either  mother,  aunt,  or  chaperon 
of  any  sort.  Shyness  appears  to  me  to  be 
a  quality  utterly  unknown  to  either  man, 
woman,  or  child  in  America ;  the  girls 
from  the  reasons  above  stated.    But  to 
return  to  the  n. tuners  of  the  young  Ame- 
rican girls.    It  is  Rousseau,  I  think,  who 
says — •  Dans  un  pays  oh  les  mucurs  sont 
pares,  les  filles  seront  faciles,  et  les  femmes 
severes.'    This  applies  particularly  to  the 
carriage  of  American  women.  1  have  seen 
those  very  girls,  whose  manners  were  most 
displeasing  to  my  European  way  of  feel- 
ing, whom  I  should  have  pointed  out  as 
flirts  and  romps  pre-eminent,  not  only 
make  excellent  wives,  but  from  the  very 
moment  of  their  marriage  seem  to  forsake 
society  and  devote  themselves  exclusively 
to  household  duties  and  retirement.  But 
that  1  have  seen  and  known  repeated  in- 
stances of  this,  I  would  scarcely  have  be- 
ttered it ;  but  it  is  the  case.   And  a  young 
American  lady,  speaking  on  this  subject, 
GfcNT.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


said  to  me—'  We  enjoy  ourselves  before 
marriage;  but  in  your  country,  girls  marry 
to  obtain  a  greater  degree  of  freedom,  ana 
indulge  in  the  pleasure  and  dissipation  of 
society.'  " 

Again,  Miss  Fanny  Kemble observes : 

"  The  women's  voices  here  distract  me, 
so  loud,  so  rapid,  and  with  such  a  twang. 
What  a  pity  !  for  they  are,  almost  without 
an  exception,  lovely  looking  creatures, 
with  an  air  of  refinement  iu  their  appear- 
ance, which  would  be  very  attractive  but 
for  their  style  of  dre.-s,  and  these  "said  tre- 
mendous shrill  loud  voice.-'.  I  was  in  a 
society  of  about  twelve  ladies  the  other 
evening,  and  the  uproar  was  so  excessive 
that  I  tVlt  rny  eyebrows  contracting  from 
a  sense  of  perfect  bewilderment,  occa- 
sioned by  the  noise  all  around  me,  and 
more  than  once  was  obliged  to  request  the 
person  with  whom  I  was  conversing,  to 
stop  till  the  twite  had  subsided  a  little, 
that  I  might  be  able  to  distinguish  what 
he  was  saying  to  me.  Were  the  women 
here  large;  and  masculine  in  their  appear- 
ance, this  defect  would  appear  less  strange, 
though  not  less  disagreeable;  but  they 
are  singularly  delicate  and  feminine  in 
their  style  of  beauty  ;  and  the  noise  they 
make  strikes  one  with  surprise  as  some- 
thing monstrous  and  unnatural— like  mice 
roaring." 

Whether  the  mice  will  chirp,  squeak, 
or  roar,  when  they  read  this,  wc  can- 
not say ;  but  it  will  be  as  well  for 
them  to  profit  by  it,  or  they  will  not 
obtain  English  husbands.  There  are 
many  other  subjects  very  acutely  and 
agreeably  handled  in  Miss  Kemble's 
volumes,  sur  les  mreurs  de  la  socifte 
— which  the  gentlemen  also  will  be 
good  enough  to  advert  to,  for  we  were 
infinitely  shocked  at  being  forced  to 
read  the  following  passage  : 

"  I  wish  they  would  suggest,  that  if  the 
gentlemen  would  refrain  from  spitting 
about,  it  would  be  highly  agreeable  to  the 
female  part  of  the  community  (and  we 
add,  the  male  too).  The  universal  prac- 
tice here  of  this  disgusting  trick  makes 
me  absolutely  sick.  Every  place  is 
made  a  perfect  piggery  of — street,  stairs, 
steam-boat, — everywhere;  and  behind  the 
scenes ,  and  on  the  stage  at  rehearsal,  I 
have  been  shocked  and  annoyed  beyond 
expression  by  this  horrible  custom.  To- 
day, aboard  the  boat,  it  was  a  perfect 
shoirer  of  saliva  all  the  time.  It  has  hap- 
pened to  me,  after  a  few  hours  travelling 
in  a  steam-boat,  to  find  the  white  dress, 
put  on  fresh  in  the  morning,  covered  with 
vellow  tobacco-stains.    Nor  is  this  very 

2  0 

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2f»2 


Reyibw.— Allies  on  the  Old  Red  Sandstone 


[Sept. 


©fTenaive  habit  confined  to  the  lower  orders 
alone.  I  have  seen  gentlemen  nit  upon 
the  carpet  of  the  room,  when  they  were 
sitting  in  the  company  of  women,  without 
the  slightest  remorse.  And  I  remember 
once  Beeing  a  gentleman,  who  was  travel- 
ling with  us,  very  deliberately  void  his 
tobacco  juice  into  the  bottom  of  the  coach, 
instead  of  through  the  windows,  to  my 
inexpressible  disgust.  Verily,  the  sooner 
this  is  reformed  the  better/' 

In  the  meantime,  as  we  close 
these  volumes,  a  pretty  poem  or  two 
— salivam  nostram  movet — which  we 
would  give  if  we  had  room.  Bating  a 
somewhat  offensively  flippant  tone, 
and  some  vulgar  affectations,  this  vo- 
lume is  worthy  of  much  praise,  and 
is  certainly  the  production  of  a  superior 
mind.  Since  it  is  written,  the  lady 
has  changed  her  name,  but  we  under- 
stand not  her  sentiments — mutato  no- 
mine, de  te  Fabula  narratur.  We 
bid  her  farewell,  not  forgetting  the 
first  stanza  of  a  poem  to  her  praise, 
which  we  read  the  other  day. 

Miss  Kemble  had  her  lady's  maid, 

To  guard  her  against  harm  I 
But  she 's  dismiss'd — and  now  she  takes 

Her  Butler  by  the  arm.  &c.  &c. 


On  certain  curious  Indentations  in  the 
Old  Red  Sandstone  of  Worcestershire 
and  Herefordshire.  By  Jabez  Allies, 
Esq.    8vo.  pamphlet. 

TO  say  the  least  of  Mr.  Allies,  he 
must  be  a  man  of  very  observant  habits, 
and  endued  with  a  thirst  for  science 
and  physical  investigation  ;  for  in  the 
little  pamphlet  now  laid  before  the 
public  we  are  amused  by  his  multiform 
collations  and  speculations  on  Geology, 
and  the  dry  rot  in  timber,  oryctology 
and  the  antediluvian  origin  of  the  zo- 
diac, the  formation  of  coal,  with  the 
day  and  month  of  the  deluge,  the  chro- 
nology of  the  Pyramids  and  the  natu- 
ral history  of  the  black  rat,  the  anti- 
quities of  his  native  county  and  lumi- 
nous suggestions  on  the  sphynx,  &c. 
&c.  As  some  of  the  remarks,  however, 
submitted  in  the  pamphlet  are  novel  and 
hypothetical,  it  can  scarcely  become  a 
matter  of  surprise  should  we  hesitate 
to  adopt  them,  or  withhold  our  assent 
to  the  validity  of  deductions  completely, 
at  variance  with  all  our  preconceived 
notions  of  Geological  evidence.  We 
shall  only  briefly  state  our  reasons  for 


such  incredulity,  and  recommend  oust 
readers  to  draw  their  own  corollaries) 
on  the  subject. 

It  appears,  then,  that  on  the  western 
borders  of  Worcestershire  and  adjacent 
part  of  the  county  of  Hereford,  the 
strata  of  which  is  composed  of  the 
older  secondary  rocks,  that  in  such 
places  as  Sapey  Brook,  where  the  old 
red  sandstone  prevails,  large  fragments 
of  this  rock  are  found  bearing  "  curi- 
ous indentations,"  which  our  author 
suggests  to  be  "  the  tracts  of  antedi- 
luvian animals."  These  impressions 
are  of  three  kinds  : — 

1st  A  large  segment  of  a  circle, 
about  six  inches  in  diameter,  with  the 
indentation  two  inches  deep  ;  this  is 
termed,  by  the  legendary  tradition  of 
the  rustics,  "  the  mare's  track." 

2d.  Another  large  segment  of  a  cir- 
cle of  less  diameter,  say  three  inches,, 
and  the  indent  about  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  deep;  which  is  named  "  the 
colts'  track,"  in  compliance  with  the 
same  legend. 

3d.  An  entire  circular  impression, 
from  two  to  five  inches  diameter,  and 
called  the  "  patten-iing  impression," 
and  is  asserted  to  have  been  the  mark 
left  by  the  girl's  pattens  who  stole  the 
mare  and  colt. 

Mr.  Allies  not  only  adheres  to  this 
nomenclature,  but  submits  that  these 
impressions  are  bona  fide  the  tracks  of 
mares  and  colts,  the  latter  of  which 
amounts  to  moral  demonstration  that 
there  were  also  horses  ;  nay,  they  were 
even  domesticated,  for  the  good  eye- 
sight of  some  folks  can  discern  the 
prints  of  nails  in  the  shoes.  The  cir- 
cular indentation,  he  firmly  maintains 
to  be  the  impress  of  a  patten-ring,  worn 
in  the  days  of  yore  by  the  dairy  maids, 
to  defend  their  pretty  feet  from  the 
gigantic  thistles  (p.  29) ;  and  hence  he 
inferslbat  the  human  species  were  then 
existing,  and  in  a  high  state  of  civili- 
zation, "  for  the  patten- ring  must  have 
been  metallic, '^and  hence  the  working 
of  metals  was  understood ;  and,  we 
might  add,  the  fact  of  wearing  pattens 
to  keep  their  feet  dry,  argued  much 
good  sense  on  the  part  of  the  then 
young  ladies,  and  a  decree  of  refine- 
ment  far  surpassing  the  damsels  of 
North  Britain  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury. It  may  be  asked,  however,  why 
none  of  the  remains  of  these  female 
freebooters  and  their  Arabians  are  not 


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Rkvikw.— Allies  on  thv  Old  Red  Sandstone. 


found  in  the  same  situation,  nor  in  the 
same  strata  on  which  they  lived  and 
mast  have  died  ?  Again,  why  are  ma- 
rine remains  found  abundantly  associ- 
ated with  the  red  sandstone  and  supe- 
rior secondary  formations,  whilst  no 
relict  of  any  of  the  class  mammalia  has 
ever  been  detected  ?  This  alone  will 
render  the  story  of  the  ladies'  pattens 
wonderful,  and  the  absence  of  any  cast 
of  the  clog,  or  shoe,  or  foot  in  addition 
to  the  ring,  must  overthrow  this  sin- 
gular hypothesis.  Perhaps  there  were 
also  donJcies  then,  as  well  as  during 
the  formation  of  alluvium  !  The  whole 
speculation,  however,  is  too  absurd  to 
be  entertained  with  gravity  for  one 
moment,  and  we  are  forced  to  denounce 
Mr.  Allies  as  a  wag  of  the  very  first 
order. 

Neither  can  we  agree  with  the  pro- 
found and  amorous  Dr.  Booker,  that 
these  indentations  are  the  result  of 
attrition  by  the  kissing  stream;  nor 
can   we  support   the  concretionary 
theory  of  Dr.  Buckland,  since  a  double 
section  of  the  stone  has  demonstrated 
the  fallacy  of  concentric  lamina,  or  a 
globular  accretion  of  any  description  ; 
but  wc  must  refer  it  to  some  other 
cause  more  efficient  than  these — more 
coincident  with  experience  and  fact. 
Indeed,  until  the  investigation  has  pro- 
ceeded to  a  more  advanced  stage,  it 
would  he  wise  to  refrain  from  conjec- 
ture, nor  endeavour  to  establish  sur- 
mise for  truth,  and  fortuitous  specula- 
tion in  the  room  of  analogy  and  cer- 
tainty.   Of  one  thing  we  may  rest 
fully  assured,  that  no  horse  ever  left  a 
trace  behind  it  of  the  depth  of  two 
inches,  with  the  interior  of  the  same 
elevation  with  the  exterior  walls  of  in- 
dentation, neither  would  a  lady  walk- 
ing in  her  pattens  on  the  moist  sand 
of  the  sea  shore  leave  a  circular  im- 
pression only,  but  the  toe  part  at  least 
—if  not  the  whole  foot — would  be  also 
marked  on  the  yielding  sand. 

Mr.  Allies,  contrary  to  established 
data,  submits  that  the  stratum  desig- 
nated the  old  red  sandstone  was  formed 
at  distant  intervals  of  time,  and  not 
contemporaneously  or  continuously, 
yet  we  would  not  on  this  account  pro- 
nounce our  own  opinion  correct,  but 
rather  refer  judgment  to  those  who, 
being  on  the  spot,  can  examine  the 
locality,  determine  the  strata  on  which 
it  rests,  and  from  under  which  it  crops 


out,  although  from  the  facts  he  has 

himself  stated,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
of  its  being  a  member  of  the  carboni- 
ferous series. 

It  is  a  painful  thing  to  see  the  Bible 
dragged  into  every  unholy  controversy, 
and  ridiculous  to  set  bounds  to  science 
and  philosophy  by  the  killing  letter  of 
Moses ;  it  is  derogatory  to  the  Sacred 
Volume  to  have  the  Noachian  cata- 
clysm assigned  to  every  stratum  and 
revolution  to  which  our  globe  has  been 
subject ;  and  it  is  to  retrograde  the 
science  of  geognosy  to  divide  it  into 
two  divisions  only,  viz.  antediluvian 
and  postdiluvian  ; — for  the  Bible  was 
never  designed  as  a  measure  of  philo- 
sophy— Moses  spoke  only  in  the  arbi- 
trary language  and  imperfect  physics 
of  the  day— the  Noachian  deluge  does 
not  preclude  any  previous  deluge — the 
cosmogony  of  the  great  Lawgiver  does 
not  necessarily  limit  the  Almighty  fiat 
to  the  creation  of  the  present  order  of 
things;  neither  can  any  distinct  con- 
dition of  the  globe  be  assigned  during 
which  the  scriptural  and  supernatural 
deluge  took  place;  and  consequently  the 
phrase  "  antediluvian"  is  unbecoming 
true  science, — indefinite,  vague,  and 
unphilosophical.  Such  a  system  is 
"  sunless  and  moonless,"  as  dark  and 
bewildering  as  Hawkins'  "  eltrich 
world,"  and  a  fit  refuge  for  those  who 
shun  the  light  of  true  science,  and 
would  erase  the  sun  of  knowledge  from 
the  heavens.  Indeed,  before  we  can 
possibly  enter  on  the  discussion  of  the 
Pyramids,  or  any  other  fragment  of 
antiquity,  as  to  debate  whether  they 
are  ante  or  post  diluvian,  we  must 
know  the  era  at  which  this  cataclysm 
is  fixed  by  each  individual  writer— not 
chronologically  but  geologically,  Mr.  Al- 
lies has  brought  the  deluge  into  action 
in  three  different  epochs,  as  wide  apart 
from  each  other  as  the  zenith  and  nadir, 
viz.  the  diluvium,  the  coal  measures, 
and  the  old  red  sandstone ;  but  at  what 
geological  epoch  he  fixes  the  cataclysm 
sustained  by  the  Pyramids  we  cannot 
even  guess.  The  era  of  this  superna- 
tural inundation  is  generally  allotted 
to  the  commencement  of  the  recent 
alluvium,  and  ushered  in  the  present 
order  of  things ;  but  if  we  transfer  it  to 
the  carboniferous  series,  we  then  re- 
move it  at  least  thirteen  revolutions 
backwards,  eaeh  of  which  is  illimitable 
by  time,  each  peopled  by  its  peculiar 


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Review. — Allies  on  the  Old  Red  Sandstone. 


[ScpU 


and  almost  exclusive  inhabitants,  and 
most  of  which  do  not  furnish  any  thing 
analogous  in  the  present  day.  It  is 
worse  than  useless,  therefore,  to  write 
on  such  subjects  without  some  con- 
ventional marks  by  which  we  may  be 
expressly  understood;  and  the  earth 
presents  us  with  so  many  and  distant 
inundations,  that  the  term  antediluvian 
were  better  exploded  from  our  vocabu- 
lary. Nay,  science  has  hitherto  been 
unable  to  name  any  geological  peiiod, 
since  the  formation  of  the  unst  ratified 
rocks,  at  which  a  contemporaneous 
universal  deluge  has  pervaded  this 
planet.  Let  any  period  whatever  be 
assigned  to  the  deluge,  then,  if  the 
Pyramids  be  antediluvian,  the  effects 
of  this  deluge,  which  are  described  by 
our  author  as  stupendous  and  over- 
whelming, seem  not  to  have  left  the 
smallest  trace  on  these  curious  build- 
ings. While  other  countries  are  trans- 
formed by  the  catastrophe,  the  Pyra- 
mids alone  are  unmoved  and  uninjured 
by  the  mighty  torrent  •  the  diluvium 
borne  to  other  countries  is  wanting 
here,  and  instead  of  finding  the  level 
of  the  strata  elevated  or  denuded  by 
its  sedimentary  deposit  or  sweeping 
violence,  we  can  trace  no  other  action 
on  the  sepulchres  of  Cheops  and  Ce- 
phrenes  than  that  of  time  and  the  or- 
dinary dunes  of  the  present  day— the 
simple  drifting  of  the  comminuted  sand 
from  the  adjacent  deserts  by  the  im- 
petuosity of  the  winds. 

Perhaps  the  most  amusing  portion 
of  the  work  before  U3,  is  the  fanciful 
idea  that  the  twelve  signs  of  the  Zodiac, 
are  hieroglyphics  of  the  antediluvian 
patriarchs,  and  which  we  will  partly 
extract  and  abridge  : — 

Adam  and  Eve  are  represented  by 
Aries  and  Taurus  ;  because  they  sacri- 
ficed bulls  and  rams. 

Cain  and  Abel  are  the  sign  Gemini; 
because  they  were  twins  (which  ij  un- 
scripivriri). 

Sctk  is  Cancer  ;  for  as  Cain  was  dis- 
inherited and  Abel  dead,  Seth  was  ap- 
pointed to  continue  the  holy  line, which 
was  indirect,  but  a  crab  moves  ituii- 
rcctlff,  therefore  Seth  is  a  Crab  or 
Cancer. 

Enos  is  Leo;  for  he  sjiake  boldly 
like  a  lion. 

Cainan  is  Virgo;  for  no  other  rea- 
son than  the  Messiah  was  born  of  a 
virgin. 


Mahaleel  is  Libra ;  because  he  was 
the  middle  person  between  Adam  and 

Noah  {omitting  Cain). 

Methuselah  is  Capricornus  ;  because 
the  people  in  his  day  married  indiscri- 
minately with  the  Cainites,  therefore 
he  is  a  Goat. 

Lamech  is  Aquarius ;  for  the  flood 
was  drawing  nigh. 

Noah  is  Pisces  ;  because  fishes  had 
plenty  of  room  to  swim  in  during  the 
flood. 

The  omitted  ones  have  no  antithesis, 
and  are  unworthy  of  being  classed  with, 
such  striking  companions  !  This  sys- 
tem is  truly  original  in  its  application, 
but  the  parent  is  palpably  evident,  and 
can  be  no  other  than  Dr.  Adam  Clarke, 
for  whom  our  Zodiac  mender  has  a 
mighty  veneration ;  perhaps  on  some 
future  occasion  he  will  exercise  himself 
on  his  great  master's  Nachash,  or  man 
was  originally  formed  an  ourang  ou- 
tang.  It  had  been  equally  reasonable 
to  have  argued,  that  our  philosopher 
himself  was  typified  by  Aldtbaran, 
since  both  their  names  begin  with  A, 
or  that  Pegasus  was  a  representative 
of  our  modern  Jabez,  because  in  his 
day  was  advanced  the  mare  and  colt 
indentation  in  the  old  red  sandstone. 
O  Jubcz,  in  borrow  and  in  pain  did 
thy  mamma  produce  such  a  philosopher 
in  Upper  House,  Alfrick,  and  hence 
thv  name. 

Omitting  the  valuable  discussion  on 
the  indigenous  habitat  of  the  blown 
Norway  rat,  and  the  quantity  of  ano- 
plotheria  and  palcetheria  the  antedilu- 
vians consumed  each  morning  at  break, 
fast,  we  must  close  with  one  quotation 
on  the  formation  of  coal,  which  has 
proved  highly  beneficial  in  dispelling 
a  fit  of  melancholy  that  has  tormented 
us  for  several  days.  After  some  few 
guesses  on  the  inclination  of  strata  ; 
the  deluge,  highly  serviceable  as  a 
moving  power  on  ail  occasions,  con- 
veys and  marshals,  in  thick 'array  and 
beautiful  erect  position,  all  the  trees 
and  vegetables,  and  then 

"  I  submit  that  the  rive  strata  below 
the  main,  were  most  probably  formed  in 
the  following  manner,  namely,  the  lowest 
or  first,  from  the  deep  roots  of  the  forest 
trees*  ;  the  second  from  the  shallow  roots 
of  the  underwood ;  the  third  from  the 
moss  and  other  vegetable  matter  upon  the 
ground  ;  the  fourth  from  the  underwood 
itself,  as  it  became  prostrated  by  the  flood; 


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Review. — Gobat  s  Residence  in  Abyssinia. 


285 


tad  the  fifth  from  the  boughs  of  such 
heavy  trees  and  other  vegetables  as  were 
deposited  by  the  waters  before  the  fall  of 
the  forest  trees;  all  which  five  strata 
'  being  collectively  fourteen  yards  in  thick- 
ness.'  Then  we  come  to  the  prostrated 
forest  trees,  with  layers  between  the 
boughs,  as  they  gradually  settled  down, 
and  which  trees  formed  1  the  main  or  ten- 
yard  coal.'  Upon  that  was  deposited  the 
trees  whieh  floated,  and  which  we  may 
suppose  to  have  been  of  five  species,  and 
which  settled  down  from  time  to  time  ac- 
cording to  their  specific  gravities,  and 
their  united  thickness  amounting  only  to 
nine  feet."— (p.  81.) 

Mr.  A.  should  have  remembered 
that  coal  is  only  found  in  certain  ba- 
sins, which  appear  to  have  been  the 
estuaries  of  large  rivers,  or  the  site  of 
primitive  lakes  ;  nor  can  we  even  in 
imagination  conceive  the  roots  of  any 
forest  trees  to  reach  a  depth  of  ten  or 
fourteen  yards. 


Journal  of  a  TTirce  Years'  Residence 
in  Abyssinia,  by  the  Rev.  S.  Gobat, 
Missionary ;  to  which  is  added,  a 
brief  History  of  the  Church  of  Abys- 
sinia. By  the  Rev.  Professor  Lee, 
D.D. 

AMONG  all  the  oriental  churches, 
the  Christian  Church  of  Abyssinia  is 
one  of  the  greatest  interest,  from  the 
apostolic  antiquity  of  its  foundation, 
and  the  long  preservation  of  it,  how- 
ever corrupted,  amidst   Heathen  or 
Mahometan  superstitions,  and  cut  off 
from  its  communication  with  every 
people  of  its  own  creed.    The  princi- 
pal vernacular  language  of  Abyssinia, 
is  Amharic.    In  the  year  Mr.  Jowett 
purchased  at  Cairo  an  Amharic  version 
of  the  entire  Bible,  made  by  a  native  ; 
of  which,  as  well  as  of  the  translator, 
he  has  given  some   account  in  his 
*  Christian    Researches. '  Measures 
were  soon  after  taken  for  appointing  a 
mission  to  that  country,  and  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Gobat,  and  the  Rev.  Christian 
Kugler,  were  very  judiciously  selected 
for  the  important  purpose  of  visiting 
the  solitary  and  neglected  church  of 
Goot;  imparting  to  it  the  brtad  of 
spiritual  life,  in  the  gift  of  the  Scrip- 
tures in  its  own  tongue,  and  conveying 
instruction  and  comfort  by  their  con- 
tinued  residence    with  the  people. 
Great  difficulties,  of  the  nature  of 


which,  however,  we  are  not  told,  pre- 
sented themselves,  which  detained  the 
missionaries  near  three  years  in  Egypt; 
but  at  length  a  favourable  opportunity 
occurred,  and.  departing  from  Cairo, 
they  entered  Abyesinia  on  the  28th  of 
December,  1S29  ;  of  which  an  interest- 
ing account  is  given  by  Mr.  Kugler. 
For  some  time  the  missionaries  re- 
mained together  in  the  province  of 
Tigre ;  but  it  was  thought  expedient 
that  Mr.  Gobat  should  proceed  further 
into  the  interior :  and  from  this  period 
his  Journal  commences.  Mr.  Kugler 
died  in  Abyssinia  from  the  effects  of 
an  accident ;  and  after  a  considerable 
residence,  in  which  the  seed  of  future 
knowledge  was  faithfully  and  diligently 
sown,  Mr.  Gobat  returned  to  England, 
hut  is  again  proceeding,  in  company 
with  another  missionary,  to  the  scene 
of  his  former  labours.  The  mission 
has  been  most  willingly  received  by 
the  Abvssinians ;  and  the  editor  re- 
marks,  that  "it  may  be  reasonably  ex- 
pected that  the  measure  of  success, 
thus  far  vouchsafed  to. missionary  la- 
bours, will  strengthen  the  attachment 
of  British  Christians  towards  this  an- 
cient church.  That  a  nation  situated 
so  remarkably  between  Arabia  on  the 
East,  and  the  dense  and  solid  continent 
of  Africa  on  the  West,  should  not 
hereafter  exert  a  great  influence  upon 
those  regions,  seems  hardly  proba- 
ble. Unquestionably,  should  Christian 
knowledge  and  a  Christian  spirit  be 
kindled  in  Abyssinia,  the  revival  of 
piety  in  that  land  will  be  as  the  light- 
ing up  of  a  pharos  on  the  hitherto  in- 
hospitable western  shores  of  the  Red 
Sea."  The  Christians  of  Abyssinia 
are  at  present  divided  into  three  par- 
tics,  so  inimical  to  each  other,  that 
they  curse  one  another,  and  will  no 
longer  partake  of  the  sacrament  to- 
gether. It  is  one  single  point  of  the- 
ology that  so  disunites  them — the  un- 
ceasing dispute  concerning  the  unction 
of  Jesus  Christ;  of  which  Mr.  Gobat 
gives  an  account  at  p.  342,  and  else- 
where. Indeed,  it  is  the  favourite  and 
absorbingtopic  of  all  thcirdisputations. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  the  curious 
and  useless  subtilty  which  the  priests 
display  in  discussing  such  points  as 
these,  will  be,  through  the  labour 
of  the  missionaries,  directed  into  more 
fruitful  channels.  Indeed  we  cannot 
doubt  but  that,  through  an  easy  access 


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286        Review.— Collier'i  New  Facts  regarding  Shakspeare.  [Sept. 


to  the  original  Scriptures,  which  the 
people  now  possess,  (united  and  direct- 
ed by  Mr.  Gobat's  familiar  acquaintanc 
with  their  language  and  habits,  his 
theological  knowledge,  and  his  skill 
and  readiness  in  bringing  it  to  bear 
on  the  disputed  points,)  the  darkness 
which  has  so  long  enveloped  this  de- 
graded and  destitute  church  will  gra- 
dually disappear.  The  book  itself  we 
recommend  as  one  of  great  interest.* 


New  Facts  regarding  the  Life  of  Skak- 
speare, in  a  Letter  to  Thomas  Amyot, 
Esq.  F.R.S.  Treas.  S. A. from  J.  P. 
Collier,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
TH  Emanuscripts  of  Lord  Ellesmere, 
Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  Lord  Chancellor  to 
James  the  First,  are  preserved  at 
Bridgewater  House ;  and  Lord  Francis 
Egerton  gave  Mr.  Collier  the  most  un- 
restrained access  to  them.  Large  bun- 
dles of  papers,  ranging  in  date  from 
1581  to  1606,  had  not  been  explored 
by  any  former  antiquary,  though  Mr. 
Todd  had  arranged  some  of  the  docu- 
ments ;  and  Mr.  Collier  says,  it  was 
evident  that  many  of  them  had  never 
been  opened  from  the  time  when,  per- 
haps, his  own  hands  tied  them  to- 
gether. From  this  unpromising  heap 
of  legal  documents,  the  new  facts  con- 
cerning Shakspeare  were  elicited  by 
Mr.  Collier ;  on  which  we  shall  con- 
descend,  as  the  Scotch  say,  for  the 
entertainment  of  our  readers.  The 
Blackfriars'  playhouse,  where  Shak- 
speare's  dramas  were  acted,  was 
erected  by  James  Burbage,  the  father 
of  Richard  Burbage,  in  1576.  The 
city  authorities,  as  well  as  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Blackfriars,  endeavoured  to 
dislodge  them  from  their  place  of 
refuge  ;  but  they  were  supported  by 
the  interest  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester, 


and  remained  "to  perform  before  her 
Majestie,  for  her  solace  and  recrea- 
tion." According  to  the  most  proba- 
ble conjecture,  Shakspeare  came  to 
London  in  1586  or  1587,  and  did  not 
begin  to  write  for  the  Stage  till  1590 
or  1591.  The  earliest  date  in  which 
his  name  had  appeared  in  connexion 
with  the  Blackfriars  Theatre,  is  in 
1596;  but  Mr.  Collier  has  discovered 
that  so  early  as  1589  Shakspeare  had 
made  such  way  in  his  profession,  as 
to  establish  himself  a  sharer  with  fif- 
teen others,  whose  names  are  as  fol- 
lows : 

1 .  James  Burbage ;  2.  Richard  Bur- 
bage ;  3.  John  Laneham  ;  4.  Thomas 
Greene ;  5.  Robert  Wilson  ;  6.  John 
Taylor;  7.  Anthony Wadeson;  8.Thos. 
Pope;  9.  George  Pecle ;  10.  Augus- 
tine Philips;  11.  Nicholas  Towley; 
12.  William  Shakspeare;  13.  Wil- 
liam Kempe  ;  14.  William  Johnson  ; 
15.  Baptist  Goodall;  16.  Robert  Ar- 
ray n. 

This  information,  Mr.  Collier  justly 
remarks,  seems  to  give  sufficient  con- 
tradiction to  the  idle  story  of  Shak- 
speare having  commenced  his  career 
by  holding  horses  at  the  playhouse 
door.  In  1589,  Shakspeare 's  name 
was  placed  twelfth  on  the  list ;  in 
1596,  he  had  so  far  advanced,  that  it 
was  inserted  fifth ;  in  1603,  he  was 
second  in  the  new  patent  granted  by 
King  James,  on  his  accession  ;  and  in 
1612  or  1613,  he  quitted  London  to 
retire  to  his  native  town.  The  corpo- 
ration of  the  city  not  being  able  to  ex- 
pel the  players  by  law,  endeavoured  to 
buy  them  out;  in  consequence,  the 
value  of  the  different  shares  in  the 
theatre  was  estimated,  and  Shak- 
speare's  appears  to  have  been  worth 
1433/.  6s.  8rf.,  which,  Mr.  Collier 
says,  would  be  equal  to  between  6,000l. 
and  7,000/.  of  our  present  money. 


*  Professor  Lee,  in  his  very  useful  History  of  the  Abyssinian  Church,  prefixed  to 
this  volume,  observes,  in  the  words  of  Mr.  Salt,  4  That  the  nation  at  the  present 
moment,  with  its  religion,  is  fast  verging  to  ruin.  The  Galla  and  Mussulman  tribes 
around  are  daily  becoming  more  powerful ;  and  there  is  reason  to  fear  that  in  a  short 
time  the  very  name  of  Christ  may  be  lost  among  them.  It  appears  to  me  that  these 
circumstances  call  for  the  serious  consideration  of  all  Christians ;  for  when  so  much 
trouble  is  taken,  and  so  much  expense  incurred,  in  endeavouring  to  convert  Infidels 
to  the  faith,  might  it  not  be  of  equal  or  more  consequence  to  give  relief  to  a  nation 
already  professing  generally  the  same  faith  with  ourselves ;  who  at  so  very  early  a 
period  received  the  Christian  religion  ;  who  cherished  and  defended  it  against  its  open 
and  secret  enemies ;  and  who  still  maintain  it,  not  pure,  indeed,  but  as  their  esta- 
blished faith.'  In  this  sentiment  we  fully  agree. 


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1 833.]      Revibw.— Collier's  New  Facts  regarding  Shakspeare.  287 


Shakspeare  then  possessed  four  shares 
out  of  twenty.  Shakspeare's  annual 
income,  from  the  receipts  at  Black- 
friar's,  Mr.  Collier  estimates  at  about 
133/.,  besides  what  was  paid  him  for 
the  use  of  the  wardrobe  and  proper- 
ties, and  what  he  received  for  new  or 
altered  plays.  About  this  time,  from 
\2l.  to  25/.  was  usually  given  for  new 
dramatic  productions.  At  the  lowest 
computation,  Mr.  Collier  says,  he 
should  be  inclined  to  put  Shakspeare's 
yearly  income  at  300/.,  or  not  far  short 
of  1,500/.  of  our  present  mouey ;  so 
that  the  poor  unknown  boy  of  Strat- 
ford returned  to  his  home  a  man  of 
fame  and  affluence. 

Among  the  fines  preserved  at  the 
Chapter  House  in  Westminster,  is  one 
relating  to  the  purchase  by  Shakspeare 
of  a  messuage,  with  barn,  granary, 
garden  and  orchard,  at  Stratford- on  - 
Avon,  for  60/.  In  May,  1602,  he  had 
bought  107  acres  of  land,  which  he  at- 
tached to  his  house  at  New  Place ; 
and  he  also  purchased  of  Hercules 
Underhill,  '  unum  messuagium  cum 
duobus  horreis,  duobus  gardinis,  et 
duobus  pomariis  cum  pcrtinentibus/ 
la  1605,  Shakspeare  became  tithe- 
proprietor,  and  gave  440/.  for  the  lease 
of  a  moiety  of  the  great  and  small  tithes 
at  Thetford.  "  It  is,"  Mr.  Collier  says, 
"  in  allusion  to  Shakspeare,  that  the 
author  of  the  anonymous  tract  called, 
'  Ratsey's  Ghost/  makes  his  hero  tell 
the  poor  itinerant  player :  *  When 
thou  feelest  thy  purse  well  lined,  buy 
the  some  place  of  lordship  in  the  coun- 
ty, that,  growing  weary  of  playing, 
the  money  may  then  bring  thee  to  high 
dignity  and  reputation  ;  for  1  have 
heard  indeed  of  some  tltat  have  gone  to 
London  very  meanly,  and  have  come,  in 
time,  h  be  exceedingly  wealthy. "  The  next 
curious  and  interesting  point  among 
Mr.  Collier's  materials,  is  a  letter  from 
Lord  Southampton,  probably  to  Lord 
Ellesmere,  in  favour  of  the  players; 
and  the  letter  was  presented  by  Bur- 
gage and  Shakspeare.  The  allusion  to 
the  latter  is  as  follows  :  "  The  other 
is  a  man  no  whitt  lesse  deserving  fa- 
*or,  and  my  especial  friend,  till  of  late 
*a  actor  of  good  account  in  the  com- 
panie, now  a  sharer  in  the  same — a 
writer  of  some  of  our  best  English  plays, 
which  , as  your  Lordship  knoweth,  were 
most  singularly  liked  of  Queene  Eliza- 


beth, when  the  companie  was  called 
uppon  to  perform  before  her  Majestie  at 
Xmas  and  Shrovetide.  His  most  gra- 
cious majestie  King  James,  alsoe,  since 
his  coming  to  the  crowne,  hath  ex- 
tended his  royal  favor  to  the  companie 
in  divers  waies,  and  at  sundrie  times. 
This  other  hath  to  name  William 
Shakspeare  ;  and  they  are  both  of  one 
countie,  and,  indeed,  almost  of  one 
towne :  both  are  right  famous  in  their 
qualities,  though  it  longeth  not  to 
your  Lordship's  gravitie  and  wisdome 
to  resort  unto  the  places  where  they 
are  wont  to  delight  the  publique  eare," 
&c.  The  only  remaining  information 
which  is  of  curiosity,  is  the  attempt  of 
Shakspeare  to  procure,  in  1603,  the 
office  of  Master  of  the  Queen's  Revels  ; 
for  which  a  warrant  was  made  in  1609. 
but  not  signed,  and  to  which  situation 
Daniel  was  appointed.  We  have  left 
many  curious  little  points  of  anecdote 
and  bibliography  untouched,  which 
will  well  reward  the  purchaser  of  this 
most  interesting  volume. 

It  appears  to  us,  that  the  account  of 
Shakspeare  now  given  to  the  world, 
may  throw  some  light  on  what  we 
previously  considered  the  most  extra- 
ordinary forgetfulness  of  his  own  fame, 
and  neglect  of  the  works  that  have 
purchased  his  immortality ;  but,  with- 
out pretending  to  assert  that  there  is 
nothing  still  left  which  makes  his  apa- 
thy and  indifference  as  to  the  collection 
of  his  plays,  and  their  correctness, 
very  singular ;  thus  much  we  discover, 
that  he  left  his  profession  as  soon  as 
he  realized  a  handsome  independence, 
and  that  he  was  quite  weary  of  it. 
It  also  appears,  that  his  chief  purpose, 
after  he  retired,  was  to  increase  his 
property  ;  to  vest  it  where  it  would  be 
most  productive  and  secure,  and  pro- 
bably to  assume  the  character  of  a 
wealthy  Warwickshire  squire ;  with 
something  of  the  same  feeling,  as  they 
say  Sir  Walter  Scott  possessed  in  his  - 
later  days.  His  attention  to  the  dis- 
position of  his  property,  necessarily 
engaged  much  of  his  time,  when  there 
was  no  paradise  of  the  three  per  cents, 
where  it  might  slumber  in  the  arms  of 
Government :  and  it  still  remains  a 
doubt,  whether,  when  his  worldly  af- 
fairs were  arranged,  and  his  house  in 
order,  he  might  not  have  dedicated 
some  future  years  to  a  careful  edition 


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288 


Review.— Whewell's  German  and  Norman  Churches.  [Sept. 


of  his  works;  for  he  died  before  any 
thing  like  old  age  or  decay  had  warned 
him  to  depart. 

This  is  the  opinion  which  we  have 
formed  on  what  is  to  us  a  very  interest- 
ing subject.  It  will  be  recollected  that 
Shakspeare  retired  to  Stratford  in  1 61 1, 
and  he  died  in  1615,  aged  53;  so  that 
he  enjoyed  his  leisure,  and  his  digni- 
fied repose,  and  his  well-acquired 
wealth,  only  five  years  ;  while  *  faraa 
post  nuramos/  seemed  to  have  been 
his  motto. 

We  shall  conclude  our  notice  of  this 
interesting  volume,  by  giving  the  best 
epitaph  on  Shakspeare  that  ever  was 
written.  By  whom  composed,  does  not 
appear.  We  met  with  it  in  a  very 
clever  work,  and  it  will  form  a  good 
motto  for  Mr.  Collier's  next  edition  : 

"  In  ihiit  here  place,  the  bones  of  Shak- 
speare lie, 

But  that  ere  form  of  his  shall  never  die  : 
A  speedy  end,  and  soon,  this  world  may 
have,  [yond  the  grave." 

But  Shakspeare's  name  shall  bloom  be- 


Archilecture  of  the  Middle  Ayes.  By 
Willis  and  Whcwell. 
{Continued  from  p. 

WE  have  anticipated,  in  our  review 
of  Mr.  Willis's  treatise,  the  theory 
which  Mr.  Whewell  has  adopted  to 
account  for  the  prevalence  of  the 
Pointed  style.  That  our  readers  may 
have  the  merits  of  the  question  fairly 
brought  before  them,  we  give,  in  Mr. 
Whewell's  own  words,  his  defence  of 
his  theory,  in  answer  to  the  objections 
of  Mr.  Willis.  It  is  pleasing  to  see 
the  manner  in  which  the  controversy 
is  pursued  by  both  these  gentlemen. 
Their  object  appears  to  be  the  attain, 
ment  of  truth.  Each  possesses  his  own 
opinion,  each  follows  his  own  road ; 
but  both  advance  to  the  common  point 
without  stopping  to  jostle  one  au- 
other  by  the  way,  a  practice  which 
writers  on  controverted  points  too  fre- 
quently adopt. 

The  following  extract  is  from  the 
preface  to  the  present  (being  a  second) 
edition;  and  being  avowedly  a  reply  to 
Mr.  Willis,  it  will  form  the  best  me- 
dium of  conveying  the  argument  in 
favour  of  Mr.  Whewell's  hypothesis. 

"  I  had  endeavoured  to  show,  in  my 
Notes  on  German  Churches,  that  the  de- 
sire of  constructing  arched  vaults  cross- 
8 


ing  each  other,  led  to  the  general  use  of 
the  Pointed  arch ;  and  I  still  think  that 
the  attempt  to  construct  a  vaulted  cover- 
ing, in  such  a  manner  that  it  should  be 
in  architectural  harmony  with  the  rest  of 
the  structure,  did  tend  more  than  any 
other  cause  to  the  prevalence  of  such 
arches.  It  is  true,  as  Mr.  Willis  has  ob- 
served, that  the  abstract  problem  of  vault- 
ing an  oblong  space  had  been  solved  by 
the  Romans ;  so  that  we  cannot  ascribe 
the  invention  of  Pointed  arches  to  the 
bare  necessities  which  such  vaulting  in- 
troduced. But  how  could  a  portion  of 
Roman  vaulting,  with  its  sinuous  groin- 
ing line,  have  been  placed  on  a  compart- 
ment of  a  church  in  which  sueh  ten- 
dencies as  we  have  been  considering  were 
at  work  to  modify  and  connect  the  mem- 
bers. While  all  the  other  parts,  arches, 
piers,  openings,  ike.  are  traced  with 
strong  lines,  and  brought  out  by  shadow 
after  shadow  on  the  retiring  surface*, 
shall  the  vault  remain  a  smooth  and  rib- 
less  sheet  of  stone?  While  all  the  other 
parts  of  the  structure  have  their  lines  of 
bearing  made  prominent  and  conspicuous, 
shall  the  roof,  the  most  remarkable  part 
of  the  mechanical  construction,  have  no 
apparent  mechanism,  and  give  to  the  eye 
none  of  that  pleasure  which  the  display 
of  constructive  r»l  ^ion  produces?  This 
would  manifestly  '  f  inconsistent,  unsa- 
tisfactory, unsightly.  We  must  then  have, 
on  the  roof,  rU>6  transverse,  longitudinal, 
and  especially  diagonal,  because  at  the 
groin  wehave  a  solid  projecting  edge,  appa- 
rently unsupported.  -But  shall  these  dia- 
gonal ribs  follow  the  sinuous  line  of  the 
unequal- sided  Roman  vaulting  ?  It  is 
clear  that  they  would  be  both  very  ugly 
and  inefficient  for  the  requisite  purpose. 
We  must  therefore  have  some  mode  of 
vaulting  which  will  provide  ribs  capable 
of  being  acknowledged  by  the  eye  as  lines 
of  support  in  the  construction,  lines  of 
order  and  reference  in  the  decoration. 
Nor  is  this  object  effectually  attained  by 
the  Byzantine  invention  of  a  dome  rest- 
ing on  four  pier  masses,  or  by  a  series  of 
such  domical  coveriugs.  For  if  the  com- 
partments of  the  vault  be  really  domes 
with  no  groins  or  edges,  they  cannot  be 
consistently  decorated  till  we  introduce 
the  process  of  general  panelling,  which 
only  came  into  use  in  the  last  stage  of 
Gothic  ornamental  construction,  both  in 
England,  France,  and  Germany. 

"  And  if  the  compartments  are  made 
oblong  spaces  domically  vaulted,  but  with 
manifest  groins,  we  want  some  general 
principle  which  shall  select  and  fix  the 
forms  of  these  prominent  lines  in  the"  de- 
corative construction ;  nor  can  I  discern 
any  such  principle  which  will  answer  th« 


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1835.]      Review.— WhcwelPs  G 

purpose,  except  the  adoption  of  this 
Pointed  arch  as  the  pervading  role.  Thus 
a  consistent  and  harmonious  system  of 
vaulting  can  be  obtained  in  no  way  but 
by  the  use  of  Pointed  arches.    I  for- 
merly attempted  to  show  this,  and  to 
point  at  the  manner  in  which  the  opera- 
tion  of  this  necessity  appears  in  the 
churches  of  the  Rhine,  and  I  think  the 
considerations  and  instances  I  there  ad- 
duced   must  be  allowed  to  have  some 
weight.   Even  if  we  grant  that  the  Point- 
ed arch,  among  many  other  forms,  as  a 
matter  of  fancy  and  caprice,  was  borrow- 
ed from  some  foreign  models,  we  have 
fctill  to  explain  the  way  in  which  the 
Pointed  arch  gained  the  mastery  over  all 
other  forms,  so  that  they  became  subor- 
dinate to  it,  as  when  the  trefoil  appears 
in  feathering,  or  the  ogee  in  canopies. 
This  universal  predominance  of  the  Point- 
ed arch  is  no  doubt  the  joint  result  of 
convenience  and  of  harmony  of  form; 
and  these  causes  operate  in  other  parts  of 
the  fabric  as  well  as  in  the  vaulting ;  but 
in  no  other  part  so  imperatively  or  so 
ttniTersany."— Preface,  p.  xxtv. 

A  vast  body  of  facts  deduced  from 
the  examination  of  various  Cathedrals 
in  Germany,  are  brought  forward  in 
support  of  Mr.  WhewelPs  theory;  and 
the  tenor  of  the  whole  body  of  evidence 
tends  at  least  to  show  that  the  com- 
plete formation  of  the  Pointed  style  was 
greatly  influenced  by  vaulting ;  and  the 
preponderance  of  the  vertical  line  as 
the  prevailing  feature  on  the  Gothic 
churches,  seems  to  indicate  that  the 
idea  of  connecting  the  vault  in  an  har- 
monious and  pleasing  manner  with 
the  residue  of  the  buildings,  was  a 
very  important  object  with  the  builders. 

Mr.Whewell  objects  to  other  theories 
for  the  origin  of  the  Pointed  arch, 

inasmuch  as  they  only  show  how 
the  form  of  such  an  arch  may  have 
been  suggested,  not  how  the  use  of  it 
must  have  become  universal."  The 
necessity  of  its  application  to  vaulting, 
he  assigns  as  the  universal  cause  of  its 
adoption;  this  is  we  believe  strictly 
true,  but  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that 
previous  to  the  Pointed  style  we  have 
churches  vaulted  after  the  Roman 
manner,  and  when  this  was  not  prac- 
ticable or  was  beyond  the  power  of 
the  architect,  the  church  was  not 
vaulted  over  its  larger  space,  but  co- 
vered with  a  timber  roof.  And  in  the 
review  of  Mr.  Willis's  work,  we  have 
already  noticed  the  mode  in  which  the 
object  might  be  effected  by  Roman 
Gint.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


ennan  and  Norman  Churches,  239 

vaulting;  in  addition  to  which,  Mr. 
Whewell  shows  by  the  mode  adopted 
in  the  Cologne  churches  (the  waggon 
vault),  that  the  vaulted  covering  might 
in  all  cases  be  used  without  the  as- 
sistance of  a  Pointed  arch.  We  are 
therefore  strengthened  in  the  conclu- 
sion that  the  knowledge  of  the  Pointed 
arch  must  have  preceded  its  applica- 
tion to  vaulting ;  still  we  must,  injus- 
tice to  Mr.  Whewell,  add,  that  we 
never  met  with  a  better  theory  for  ac- 
counting for  the  manner  in  which  the 
Pointed  arch  so  completely  obtained 
the  mastery  over  the  circular,  as  that  [ 
which  he  supports. 

The  Temple  church  is  worthy  of  the 
serious  attention  of  the  advocates  of 
Mr.  Whewell 's  theory.    The  extreme 
difficulty  of  vaulting  the  circular  aisle 
with  round  arches,  appears  to  have 
operated  strongly  with  the  architect, 
and  to  have  guided  his  adoption  of 
Pointed  ones.    The  doorway  and  win- 
dows both  of  the  aisle  and  clerestory, 
are  round-headed,  and  so  are  the 
arches  of  the  triforium ;  but  the  pier 
arches  in  the  circular  range  are  acutely 
pointed,  as  well  as  the  arches  ribbed 
and  groined  of  the  vaulting,  with 
which  they  are  connected.    The  fact 
that  Pointed  architecture  and  vaulting 
have  grown  to  maturity  together,  is 
a  powerful  auxiliary  to  Mr.  Whewell's 
theory  ;  for,  although  we  have  seen 
that  vaulted  roofs  might  have  been 
constructed  in  the  circular  styles,  we 
find  such  was  not  the  universal  prac- 
tice ;  but  that,  so  soon  as  the  Pointed 
arch  was  discovered,  in  this  country 
at  least,  vaulted  roofs  in  that  style 
were  speedily  added  to  the  older  build- 
ings,  as  at  Durham  Cathedral,  at 
Christ  Church,  and  in  the  humble  ex- 
ample of  St.  Peter,  Oxford. 

Having  placed  the  theory  of  Mr. 
Whewell  fairly  before  our  readers,  we 
have  only  to  notice  the  remainder  of 
his  pleasing  book,  which  we  must  do 
very  rapidly;  recommending  to  our 
readers'  perusal  the  third  chapter,  oc- 
cupied by  suggestions  as  to  the  man- 
ner of  making  architectural  notes,  and 
warning  them  against  the  perils  at- 
tendant on  the  pursuit  of  the  subject 
on  foreign  land,  by  the  ludicrous  ar- 
rest of  the  author  by  the  National 
Guard,  while  surveying  a  country 
church. 

We  have  made  several  extracts, 
2  P 


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290         Review.— Whe well's  German  and  Norman  Churches.  [SepU 


chiefly  with  a  view  to  parallel  examples 
at  home,  which  may  form  useful  hints 
to  the  student  of  English  architecture. 

Apsis. — In  many  German  churches 
there  is  an  apse  at  the  west  as  well  as 
the  eastern  end.  We  have  in  this 
country  an  instance  of  a  western  apse 
in  an  obscure  parish  church,  the  plan 
of  which  has  been  engraved  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  c.  part  ii. 
p.  565,  from  a  communication  by  J.  A. 
Repton,  Esq.  architect.  The  Church 
is  at  Langford  in  Essex,  and  the  archi- 
tecture is  Norman. 

"  Towers. — If  we  suppose  the  great 
Cathedrals  of  Mentz,  Spires,  and  Worms, 
to  be  executed  according  to  the  original 
plan,  which  seems  to  be  preserved  to  us 
in  the  form  of  the  Church  of  Laach,  it 
would  appear  that  the  complete  type  of  a 
large  church  consisted  of  four  towers  (the 
two  pairs  having  different  forms  and  mag- 
nitudes), and  of  two  cupolas  or  pyra- 
mids. In  this  manner  the  outline  of  a 
single  cathedral  would  present  a  group  of 
edifices,  clustered  and  varied  like  the  view 
of  a  fine  city."— p.  80. 

Canterbury  has  many  peculiarities, 
which  distinguish  it  from  most  Eng- 
lish churches  ;  some  of  these  pecu- 
liarities we  have  noticed  in  our  review 
of  Mr.  Hope's  work  (Gent.  Mag.  vol. 
III.  p.  619).  We  mention  it  now  in 
connexion  with  the  above  extract,  to 
account  for  the  existence  of  more  than 
one  tower,  lofty  in  themselves,  but 
rendered  insignificant  by  the  more  re- 
cent additions  of  the  Dunstan  and 
Bell  Harry  steeples;  and  which,  form- 
ing no  very  conspicuous  part  of  the 
present  design,  may  have  had  their 
rise  in  a  plan  constructed  after  the 
same  model  as  that  of  the  ancient 
chutches  referred  to  in  the  extract. 

*'  Triforium. — In  England,  in  our  Nor- 
man buildings,  and  almost  constantly  in 
the  later  ones,  this  space  in  large  churches 
is  filled  by  a  row  of  openings  or  pannel- 
ings  of  various  kinds. 

44  It  is  mostly,  however,  a  merely  orna- 
mental member,  and  I  do  not  know  that 
it  was  ever  applied  to  any  customary  use. 
In  the  churches  on  the  Rhine,  above 
Bonn,  the  gallery  is  still  appropriated  to 
a  particular  part  of  the  congregation, 
namely,  the  young  men,  and  is  generally 
called  the  Mannechor,  or  as  I  was  told  at 
Sinzig,  the  Mannhaus."— p.  91. 

The  Triforium  was  not  an  useless 
feature  in  our  churches  ;  at  Chichester 
the  existence  of  a  breastwork  for  the 


protection  of  persons  in  the  triforiuni, 
proves  that  it  must  have  been  equally 
useful  with  the  same  portion  in  the 
German  examples.  A  similar  contri- 
vance exists  at  Oxford  cathedral. 

It  is  probable  that  these  galleries 
were  borrowed  from  the  Greek  church, 
and  were  at  first  the  galleries  for  the 
women,  although  German  gallantry 
may  have  assigned  a  more  comfortable 
situation  to  the  ladies,  leaving  to  the 
young  men  the  task  of  climbing  wind- 
ing   staircases,    and  threading  the 
gloomy  passages  of  the  upper  works 
of  the  cathedral.    We  find  a  "  Bache- 
lors' pew"  in  some  of  the  London 
churches. 

44  Galleries  of  open  arches  on  shafts 
set  two  deep. — Shafts  set  two  deep  are  a 
very  common  mode  of  enriching  Roma- 
nesque buildings,  and  date  apparently 
from  a  very  early  period.  They  are  found 
for  instance  in  the  cloisters  adjacent  to 
the  ancient  churches  of  Laach,  Zurich, 
and  Aschaffenburg.  They  exist  also  in 
many  ancient  buildings  in  Italy,  and  in 
the  palace  of  Frederic  Barbarossa,  at  Geln- 
hausen."— p.  102. 

An  example  of  such  an  arrange- 
ment of  shafts,  if  we  mistake  not,  ap- 
pears in  the  very,  curious  gallery  of 
Norman  architecture,  recently  brought 
to  light  in  Westminster  Hall.  A  rare 
if  not  an  unique  specimen  in  this 
country. 

"  Double  tracery. — Among  other  ex- 
amples of  prodigality  of  ornament,  we 
have  in  both  these  buildings  double  planes 
of  tracery ;  that  is,  two  tracery  windows 
or  frames,  one  behind  another,  in  the 
same  opening ;  the  pattern  of  the  tracery 
being  often  different  in  the  two.  This 
extravagance  (for  it  almost  deserves  to  be 
so  called)  appears  in  the  towers  at  Co- 
logne ;  at  Strasburg  it  is  carried  to  auch 
an  extent  in  the  west  front,  that  the 
building  looks  as  if  it  were  placed  behind 
a  rich  open  screen,  or  a  cage  of  woven 
stone." — p.  114. 

The  only  example  we  have  of  this 
kind  of  tracery,  is  in  the  choir  of  York. 

In  addition  to  the  notes  on  German 
churches,  which  constituted  the  whole 
of  the  former  treatise,  the  author  has 
added  in  the  present  a  series  of  similar 
architectural  notes  on  the  churches  of 
Picardy  and  Normandy,  in  the  prose- 
cution of  which  he  met  with  the  dis- 
agreeable adventure  we  have  before 
alluded  to.    From  these  valuable  no- 


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1835.]    REYiBw.-Horne's  Third  Centenary  of  the  Reformation.  291 

tices  we  have  only  space  to  call  our  treatises,  we  cannot  pay  a  better  com- 

readers   attention  to  the  architecture  pliment  to  the  authors  than  by  recom- 

stvled      f  lamboyant,    and  to  insert  mending  every  inquirer  into  the  na- 

the  author  s  observations  on  the  inte-  ture  and  origin  of  Gothic  architecture 

Tel  lS*u   I    ?\  °f  JAm,eM»  with  to  Po^ess  himself  of  them,  as  each 

which  the  English  reader,  we  are  as-  author  has  pursued  the  surest  road  to 

sured,  will  feel  interested.  the  attainment  of  a  complete  know- 

44  The  reader  is  probably  aware  that  ledge.of  the  subject,  which  is  by  the 

Amiens  is  one  of  the  strongholds  of  those  examination  of  a  great  number  of  an- 

who  maintain  that  the  advances  of  French  cient  examples.    We  can  only  recom- 

Gothic  architecture  are  anterior  to  the  mend  to  our  readers  to  adopt  the  same 

corresponding  steps  of  English  work.    It  course,  and  in  the  same  manner  as 

was  built  about  the  same  time  as  Salis-  these  gentlemen  have  done  before  them 

burr,  a  few  years  before  1250.    At  Salis-  and  whatever  conclusions  they  mav 

Zl  ^  ™«^L0r  1  t[aCery;u thm*h  then  arrive  at-  U  is  cert*«n  they  will  not 
there  are  manifest  symptoms  that  our    prr  (\f  fWr  e  '  i 

countrymen  were  approaching  to  that  V'SJa?               °      "  ****  °f 
kind  of  decoration.    Upon  the  whole,  it  *uow,eflge- 
is  undeniable  that  Amiens  in  such  fea-  A  D    .  ,    .           TT  , 
tares  approaches  nearer  to  our  style  of  Protestant  Memorial  for  the  Comme- 
nt fourteenth  century,  than  Salisbury  moration,  on  the  4lh  Oct.  1835,  of 
does.    But  on  looking  a  little  further,  it  Third  Centenary  of  the  Reforma- 
i»  by  no  means  so  clear  that  the  French  ^on»  and  of  the  publication  of  the  fir st 
architecture  is  advanced  much  beyond  the  entire  f'ersion  of  the  Bible.    By  T. 
English.    The  French  building  has  not  H.  Horne,B.D.  fyc.    Cadell.  Umo 
yet  acquired  the  beautiful  complex  piers  »  m           ..       ,  , 
of  Salisbury,  in  which  the  slender  de-  .  A 1  a  mcet,ng  of  the  clergy  of  the 
tached  shafts  combine  so  well  with  the  c,ty  of  London,  in  July,  Mr.  Home 
d«*p  bundles  of  arch  mouldings.   Instead  was  requested  to  draw  up  a  tract  for 
of  these  mouldings  it  has  a  few  plain  the  commemoration  of  the  third  ccn- 
membcrs,  which  with  us  would  belong  to  tenary  of  the  Reformation,  which  will 
a  much  earlier  date;  it  has  a  square  be  generally  observed  on  that  day  the 
abacus  to  most  of  the  single  shafts,  a  fourth  of  next  October ;  and  which 
LarTl,  ?KtUr£  W,  !?h  m  E°gl™«  disa.P-  should,  in  a  clear  and  concise  manner, 

U  w  «     ^    ?u    ^°,f  800,1  Gotl?,C'    8ive  an  ™<hentic  account  [authentic 
It  has  no  where  the  skilful  accumulation    bPrftlI.P  frnm  f u0:r      "  LUUU1™C» 

of  small  parts  producing  deep  lines  of  bec™*e  from  their  own  formularies 
shades,  yet  exquisitely  bold  and  free  in  decJe^  °[  manifold  corrup- 
ts details,  which  we  find  so  constantly  Uon*  °.f  tnc  Church  of  Rome,  which 
U  our  early  English  works.  And  even  m*de  lt  necessary  either  that  that 
with  regard  to  tracery,  we  are  not  to  Church  should  voluntarily  purge  itself 
make  our  concessions  too  largely;  for  if  of  its  mass  of  accumulated  error,  its 
Salisbury  has  only  those  perforations  of  unscriptural  doctrines,  and  its  tyran- 
the  heads  of  panuels  and  windows,  which  nical  power — seeing  that  instead  of 
seem  to  be  the  mere  germs  of  tracery,  going  along  with  Scripture,  in  spirit 

U^t^tMme  tmnche^J^Keh  and  in  word  and  in  deed-  if  stooVia 
LZ  JLZ  VC.ryi  feT  year*  °l  hai    opposition  to  it-orthat  the  ChrisUan 

«  \mST  "'A  118  mUCh  deveIo/?d  who  looked  to  Holy  Scripture  as  Ws 
"Amiens;  and  Amiens,  in  raanv  of  its  iA  ♦        i  3  kJ/-1,Flu,c  as  n»S 

P^ts,  as  for  instance  in  the  triforium  of  *U,de  *°  ^vat.on,  should  separate 

the  nave,  has  such  perforations  in  the  'J000  lt'    ine  cause  and  Progress  of 

place  of  tracery."— p.  145.  tnis  separation  is  given  with  truth  and 

^  ,  sufficient  fulness  for  the  purpose  by 

We  have  loug  wished  to  see  a  name  Mr.  Home.    He  has  there  furnished 

moreexpres5ivethan"Norman"adopt-  an  account  of  much  interest  of  the 

w  for  the  circular  architecture  of  Eng.  First  Entire  Protestant  English  Version 

land.    Mr.  Hope  styles  it  "  Lombard  of  the  Bible,  by  Miles  Coverdale,  Bi- 

architecture,"  which  is  perhaps  open  shop  of  Exeter,  printed  at  Zurich,  in 

Jo  the  same  objectiou  as  the  present  1535,  and  reprinted  in  4to  in  1550, 

lerm.   Mr.  Whewell  uses  the  term  and  again  in  1553.    As  Mr.  Home 

Romanesque,  which  on  many  grounds  justly  observes,  *'  the  noble  simplicity, 

'»  the  more  preferable.  perspicuity,  and  purity  of  its  style 

In  taking  our  leave  of  these  valuable  truly  astonishing. " 


arc 


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292       Review.— Home  s  Third  Centenary  of  the  Reformation.  [Sept. 


The  second  section  of  Mr.  Home's 
work  is  an  answer  to  the  question 
commonly  proposed  by  Romanists — 
'  Where  was  your  religion  before  Lu- 
ther?' This  arrogant  and  foolish  ques- 
tion is  most  easily  and  irrefragably 
answered  :  but  Mr.  Home  has  wisely 
asked  another  in  return — Where  was 
the  Romish  religion  before  the  Council 
of  Trent,  which  legitimated  all  the  in- 
novations of  Popery,  and  was  con- 
cluded only  about  the  year  1563,  long 
after  Luther  began  to  preach  against 
the  profligate  sale  of  indulgences.  The 
pretended  supremacy  of  the  popes  or 
bishops  of  Rome  commenced  only  with 
Boniface  111.,  about  600  years  after 
the  birth  of  Christ.  The  invocation  of 
saints  and  of  the  Virgin  Mary  was 
first  introduced  by  P.  Gnapheus  of  An- 
tioch,  about  a.  d.  470.  Temples  were 
erected  in  honour  of  supposed  saints 
in  the  6th  century.  In  the  9th  century 
the  Roman  pontiffs  assumed  the  power 
of  raising  mortals  to  the  dignity  of 
saints,  and  making  them  objects  of 
worship.  In  the  J  2th  century  the  two 
sacraments  were  multiplied  into  seven. 
Transubstantiation  was  not  imposed 
as  a  doctrine  till  the  Lateran  Council 
in  1215.  The  cup  in  the  communion 
was  not  taken  away  from  the  laity  till 
the  Council  of  Constance  in  1416. 
Purgatory  was  not  positively  affirmed 
till  1140.  Thus  was  this  unholy,  un- 
christian system  of  spiritual  and  secu- 
lar pride  and  dominion,  built  up  by  the 
ambition  and  avarice  of  succeeding 
Pontiffs  and  Councils :  and  when  the 
Romanist  asks  where  our  religion  was 
before  the  days  of  Luther  ?  we  answer, 
that  it  existed  in  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
and  in  the  primitive  Christian  churches, 
where  we  tind  that  theirs  was  not. 

The  fourth  section  of  Mr.  Home's 
tract  has  presented  much  valuable 
truth  in  a  very  convenient  form  ;  being 
a  collection  of  texts  of  Scripture  which 
are  directly  opposed  to  the  peculiar 
tenets  of  Popeiy,  as  expressed  in  the 
accredited  formularies  of  Councils  of 
the  Romish  church. 

Lastly,  Mr.  Home  has  an  observa- 
tion on  the  last  and  latest  act  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  which  proves 
that  her  old  spirit  of  pursuing  her  un- 
godly ends,  regardless  of  the  nature  of 
the  means  through  which  they  are 
effected,  is  existing  as  strong  as  ever. 


Den's  complete  Body  of  Theology 
was  printed  at  Dublin  in  1808,  in  con- 
sequence of  an  unanimous  agreement 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Prelates  of  Ire- 
land, held  14th  Sept.  1808,— that  it 
was  the  best  book  on  the  subject  that 
could  be  re-published  !  This  impression 
(3,000  copies)  being  exhausted,  a  Dub- 
lin publisher  printed  a  second  edition 
in  1832,  which  he  dedicated  to  Dr. 
Daniel  Murray,  the  titular  Archbishop 
of  Dublin,  as  being  undertaken  with 
his  approbation  (ejus  cum  approbation? 
suseeptamj.  After  public  attention  had 
been  drawn  to  this  work.  Dr.  Murray 
addressed  a  letter  to  the  Prime  Mi- 
nister of  England  in  which  he  denied 
that  he  directed  the  work  of  Den  to  be 
published:  notwithstanding  this  dedi- 
cation asserts  his  privity  to  and  appro- 
bation of  the  undertaking ;  and  not- 
withstanding the  Rev.  D.  O'Crolcy 
asserts  that  it  was  published  in  Ire- 
land 4  permitsu  superiorum!'  It  was 
printed  in  Ireland  expressly  for  the  use 
of  the  Irish  Catholic  priests,  to  be  their 
guide  in  casuistry  and  speculation,  and 
notwithstanding  there  are  50  or  CO 
copies  of  it  in  Dr.  Murray's  seminary 
in  Cork.  Thus  is  the  Archbishop  con- 
victed of  a  direct  falsehood,  or  a  disen- 
genuous  evasion:  let  him  choose  be- 
tween the  two.  But  we  have  not  done 
with  him  yet.  '  This  dedication,'  says 
Mr.  Home,  '  was  castrated  in  48  out 
of  50  copies  consigned  to  the  London 
booksellers.  The  fraud,  however,  was 
detected,  and  numerous  other  copies, 
with  the  dedication,  have  since  come 
into  commerce  ;  one  of  which  is  in  the 
library  of  the  Atheneum  in  Pall  Mall. 

The  London  clergy  showed  their 
high  estimation  of  Mr.  Home's  cha- 
racter and  learning,  in  their  earnest  re- 
quest that  he  would  prepare  for  them 
a  work  becoming  the  interesting  event, 
which  they  in  thankfulness  of  spirit  to 
God  and  purity  and  simplicity  of  heart 
intend  to  commemorate;  and  Mr. 
Home  has  fully  justified  the  opinion 
they  entertained,  by  completing,  in  a 
few  hours  snatched  from  the  necessary 
repose  of  body  and  mind,  as  well  as 
from  other  pressing  avocations,  a  very 
excellent  defence  of  the  Protestant 
Church ;  and  by  arranging  in  a  clear 
and  luminous  argument  the  heads  of 
its  original  and  continued  dissent  from 
a  Church  that,  in  belief  and  practice. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Review.— 7%tf  Bride  of  Siena. 


it  considers  so  unscriptural  as  to  re- 
fuse communion  with  it. 


The  Bride  of  Siena,  a  poem.  1835. 

THIS  pleasing  and  elegant  little 
poem  is  founded  on  the  following  lines 
in  the  Divina  Comedia  of  Dante  : — 

 Then  remember  me ; 

I  onoe  was  Pia.    Siena  gave  me  life, 
Maremma  took  it  from  me ;  that  he  knows 
Who  me  with  jewelled  ring  did  rirstespouse. 

Some  commentators  believed,  from  the 
absence  of  all  reproach  in  these  words, 
that  La  Pia  was  deserving  of  her  fate, 
fiat  the  aothoress  of  this  poem  very 
justly  observes — "those  more  deeply 
read  in  the  female  heart  when  ani- 
mated by  undying  affection,  will  pro- 
bably agree,  that  these  words  betray 
nnconquered  love  for  the  injurer,  rather 
than  a  sense  of  love  in  the  injured. 
That  La  Pia  existed,  that  she  was  the 
hride  of  Nello,  and  that  she  suffered 
death  in  the  Marenvwi  for  some  im- 
puted crime,  are  fa     :  the  details  of 
the  facts  are  lost ;  and  the  authoress 
has  endeavoured  to  supply  that  loss 
from  her  imagination."  Although  there 
ia  nothing  very  novel  in  the  design  of 
this  poetical  commentator  on  Dante, 
yet  she  has  taken  op  the  chisel  that 
the  great  sculptor-poet  had  left,  and 
used  it  with  a  prudent  and  tasteful 
hand.    And  we  really  have  nothing  to 
object  to,  except  the  prolonged  descrip- 
tion of  the  cruel  and  parting  scene  be- 
tween Lord  Nello  and  La  Pia  at  the 
fortress  of  the  Maremma.    We  think 
there  should  have  been  '  no  song,'  as 
there  was  *  no  supper and  that  it 
should  have  been  passed  over  as  qui- 
etly as  possible  :    the  scene  is  too 
painful  to  last.    Of  the  execution  we 
should  speak  very  favourably  :  the  ver- 
sification is  easy  and  varied,  and  gene- 
rally harmonious,  and  the  language 
poetical ;    though  there  is  a  smack 
more  than  we  like,  of  Lord  Byron  at 
the  bottom  of  the  cask.    Had  we  a  La 
Pia  in  our  house,  we  would  take  care 
she  should  not  get  beyond  the  first  six 
volumes  of  good  old  Mr.  Anderson's 
British  Poets  :  this  is  a  duty  which  all 
mammas  should  feel.  Can  we  suppose 
that  the  old  ladies  of  Smyrna,  and 
Rhodes,  and  Colophon,  ever  permitted 
their  daughters  to  read  Lycophron, 
and  Quint  us  Calabe,  and  Coluthus  Ly- 


293 

copolites  ?  .  Was  not  Nonani  Diony. 
siaca  a  sealed  book  ?  and  did  they  not 
point  out  the  bad  taste  and  falling  lan- 
guage of  Aratus  and  Manetho  ?  But 
to  return.  We  could  gladly  select 
many  passages  in  this  poem,  conceived 
and  executed  with  elegance  and  poeti- 
cal feeling:  we  like  the  lyrical  parts 
least ;  and  should  advise  their  correc- 
tion at  least,  in  a  second  edition. 
The  following  scene  is  well  described : 

Nought  but  these  treasured  offerings  met 
his  view. 

By  chance  he  press' d  a  spring,  and  open 

*  flewJ  [fir'd, 
A  secret  drawer.  Now  his  pale  cheek  was 
For  letters  there  were  stored.  Should 

they  contain 
The  confirmation  dreaded  yet  desired. 
He  grasped  them  with  a  sickening  sense 

of  pain ; 

A  long  black  tress  of  her  unrivalled  hair 
Was  bound  around  them  with  a  woman's 
care. 

He  rent  that  silken  cord;  with  glaring  eyes 
And  hands  convulsed,  he  turned  each  trea- 
sured page, 
And  for  a  moment  love  and  wild  surprise 
Replaced  bis  jealous  heart's  consuming 

ra$e'  [when  he 

These  letters  his  own  hand  had  traced 
With  all  a  youthful  lover's  ecstacy, 
First  from  admiring  rivals  sought  to  bear 
Siena's  idolized,  unequalled  fair. 
There  the  first  violets  he  gave  were  stored, 
Though  faded,  they  a  rich  perfume  impart. 

*  Ahl»  thought  he,  *  how  had  my  fond 

heart  ador'd 

Her  charms,  though  faded  thus,  if  true  her 
heart ; 

And  could  she  treasure  up  each  early  token 
Of  love  and  faith,  by  her  own  falsehood 

broken  ?♦  [tried 
Bowed  by  despair,  he  sat  him  down  and 
From  his  own  heart  his  deathless  love  to 

hide ; 

Rested  his  brow  upon  his  folded  arms, 
And  closed  his  eyes,  as  though  La  Pia's 
charms  .  [leaf, 

\\ere  not  so  firmly  stamped  on  Memory's 
That  outward  darkness  could  bring  no  re- 
lief. 

Alas !  a  gentle  moan  stole  on  his  ear. 
He  started  1  Whose  that  moan  I  for  none 

are  near.  rglide> 
1 1  was  the  winds  which  o'er  his  harp-s  tri  ngs 
But  to  his  ear  it  seemed  La  Pia  sighed. 
And  closing  eve  still  found  him  lingering 

there, 

For  what  is  time  to  victims  of  despair  ? 

We  should  like  to  extract  all  of  sec- 
tion iii.  part  first— 


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294  Miscellanec 
At  length  they  reach  La  Pia*s  future  home, 

But  want  of  room  precludes.  There 
are  many  well-expressed  passages  and 
poetical  lines  scattered  throughout. 

Again  hetalks  of  love  that  yet  might  bloom, 
Like  flowers  that  rise,  where  Ruin  makes 
her  home. 

And  p.  19, 

He  dashes  like  the  torrent  rushing  on, 
And  she,  the  willow  weeping  that  it's  gone. 

And  p.  21, 

The  moonbeams  on  her  slender  fingers 
shining, 


r  Reviews.  [Sept. 

As  she  was  seeking  those  huge  bolts  to 

clasp, 

Taught  her  'twas  all  in  vain. 

But  we  must  reluctantly  break  off.  If 
our  young  authoress  will  have  the  cou- 
rage to  shut  up  her  Byron  and  her 
Moore,  and  devote  herself  to  the  study 
of  her  great  originals,  the  poet  of  Ra- 
venna and  his  successors,  together 
with  those  of  no  less  fame,  who  en- 
riched our  Elizabethan  age  with  their 
immortal  works,  we  will  promise  her 
that  her  labours  will  be  satisfactory  to 
herself,  and  their  products  acceptable 
to  the  public  mind.  We  know  no 
other  road  to  lasting  and  honourable 
fame. 


Scenes  and  Stories  by  a  Clergyman  in 
Debt,  $c.  3  vols.  1835.— If  the  scenes 
of  folly,  and  vice,  and  crime,  followed  by 
their  sure  companions  poverty  and  re- 
morse, which  are  here  displayed,  should 
alarm  the  timid,  awaken  the  thoughtless, 
or  restrain  the  dissolute,  a  good  and  suf- 
ficient purpose  will  be  effected  by  the  pe- 
rusal of  the  volume.  Wretched  indeed 
are  the  guilty  scenes  which  it  pourtrays; 
there  is  the  seducer  and  his  victim,  the 
sharper  and  his  prey,  the  rapacious 
usurer,  the  brutal  gaoler,  the  reckless 
spendthrift,  the  hardened  criminal,  and 
the  broken-hearten  debtor.  There  is  every 
variety  of  character  which  can  be  fur- 
nished in 

London,  the  needy  villain's  general  home, 
The  common  sewer  of  Paris  and  of  Rome. 


The  Episcopal  Form  of  Church  Go- 
vemment,  by  the  Rev,  John  Medley,  A.M. 
— So  much  do  we  like  the  plan  and  exe- 
cution of  this  treatise,  that  we  wish  it 
printed  in  the  very  cheapest  possible  form, 
that  it  may  be  widely  distributed  among 
the  lower  classes  of  society,  from  the 
tradesman  downwards.  It  discusses  a 
very  important  subject  which  is  not  at  all 
understood,  or  toe  little  valued  by  the 
great  mass  of  the  people,  and  even  by 
those  personally  and  practically  religious; 
added  to  which,  the  enforcement  of  the 
duty  of  obedience  to  authority,  as  well 
spiritual  as  civil,  is  a  subject'  which  is 
peculiarly  wanted  in  the  present  day,  and 
can  never  come  with  a  better  grace,  or 
with  more  probability  of  its  success,  than 
from  a  minister  of  the  Gospel. 


A  Digest  of  the  Lotos  and  Regulations 
of  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  by  Samuel 
Warren,  LL.D.  8w>.  pp.  323. — In  this 
volume  our  Christian  brethren,  the  Wes- 


leyan Methodists,  will  find  John  Wesley's 
deed  of  declaration,  by  which  the  legal 
sense  of  the  word  4  Conference  '  was  de- 
termined, and  provision  made  for  the 
perpetual  existence  of  that  body ;  and 
ulso  a  digest  of  the  determinations  of 
4  the  Conference'  arranged  in  three  gene- 
ral classes,  as  relating  to  the  preachers, 
the  people,  and  the  management  of  their 
revenues.  There  is  also  a  Miscellaneous 
division  comprehending  the  rules  by 
which  the  libraries,  chapels,  and  schools 
are  governed,  and  an  Appendix  containing 
a  Summary  of  the  Doctrines  of  Metho- 
dism, and  various  legal  forms  applicable 
to  chapels.  The  volume  will  be  found 
very  useful  by  those  for  whom  it  is  in- 
tended, especially  at  the  present  time, 
when  it  appears  that  uncertain  '  usage ' 
has  been,  in  some  instances,  permitted  to 
usurp  the  place  of  those  established  rules 
by  an  adherence  to  which  alone  the  body 
of  Methodists  can  be  maintained  in  its 
separate  existence.  The  work  may  also 
be  safely  appealed  to  by  inquirers  as  con- 
taining a  genuine  '  portraiture  of  Metho- 
dism.' Amongst  many  regulations  of 
great  excellence  there  are  others  tha 
character  of  which  exhibits  the  dangerous 
consequences  of  even  a  alight  departure 
from  the  simplicity  of  those  laws  which 
regulate  our  Established  Ecclesiastical 
Polity. 


Original  Psalms,  or  Sacred  Songs, 
taken  from  the  Psalms  of  David,-  in 
twenty  different  metres,  by  John  Beau- 
mont, Umo.pp.  294.— The  writer  of  the 
Sacred  Songs  contained  in  this  version, 
says,  they  44  are  his  own  composition," 
and  after  the  example  of  the  late  pious 
Dr.  Watts,  "  Imitated  in  the  language  of 
the  New  Testament."  He  further  adds, 
4 4  in  the  sincerity  of  his  heart  he  has 


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1835.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


295 


done  what  he  could — Let  those  who  can 
do  better.**  We  must  say  that  to  accom- 
plish this  would  be  no  great  difficulty. 

Sacred  Poetry,  by  a  Layman.  A  new 
edition,  revised,  1835. — In  general  the 
poetry  of  this  volume  is  not  without  me- 
rit :  but  occasionally  the  author  slumbers; 
and  forgets  some  of  the  essentials  of  his 
art : — exempli  gratia. 
As  youth  has  pass'd  its  day  away, 

And  glides  into  the  prime ; 
So  oft  the  coming  years  of  man 

Are  in  the  shade  or  thine. 
Oh  1  well  may  so ff 'ring  manhood  mourn 

For  frowaTd  youth's  decline, 
The  sickly  budding  of  the  fruit 

The  blighting  blast  of  *in. 
Half  the  merit  of  this  kind  of  poetry,  lies 
in  the  neatness  and  exactness  of  the  finish. 


The  British  Wine-maker  and  Domestic 
Brewer,  by  W.  H.  Roberts.  1835,  12mo. 
—Home-made  wine  is  generally  left  to 
the  discretion  of  very  ignorant  persons, 
as  farmer's  wives  and  tradesmen's  house- 
keepers, consequently  it  is  very  badly 
made,  very  sweet,  or  very  sour ;  and  can 
seldom  be  swallowed  with  impunity.  Mr. 
Roberts's  treatise  teaches  us  how  to 
make  wine  from  British  grapes  on  scien- 
tific principles,  and  Mr.  Hamilton's  suc- 
cess shews  that,  when  well  made,  it  is 
equal  to  the  best  growth  of  Prance. — 
"  Insere  nunc  Meliboee  pyros,  pone  or- 
dine  vites." 


Specimens  of  the  Dramatic  Poets,  by 
Charles  Lamb,  2  vol.  second  edition, 1835. 
— We  perfectly  well  remember  Charles 
Lamb,  in  the  reading-room  of  the  Bri- 
tish Museum,  diligently  making  extracts 
from  Garrick's  collections,  for  these  well- 
selected  and  entertaining  volumes  : — and 
we  remember  Miss  Lamb  doing  us  the 
booour  of  showing  her  brother's  MSS.  to 
as,  previous  to  publication  ;  and  we  re- 
member her  incredulity,  and  goodhumour- 
ed  peevishness,  when  we  informed  her, 
that  we  also  possessed  most  of  the  Plays, 
from  which  her  brother  had  made  his  se- 
lection :  another  volume,  from  the  still 
rarer  and  older  Plays  would  be  of  value. 
Mr.  Collier,  or  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dyce,  could 
well  perform  the  task :  but  the  latter 
gentleman  is  brushing  cobwebs  from 


Ro*e  Buds  rescued,  by  the  Her.  S.  C. 
Wilks,  A.M.  1835.— There  is  much  va- 
riety of  talent  shown  in  this  little  volume, 
considerable  poetical  feeling,  and  a  spirit, 
if  we  mistake  not,  of  Christian  love  and 


sincere  piety.  The  poems  are  generally 
founded  on  little  moral  incidents,  which 
are  illustrated  and  explained,  if  not  in  a 
high  strain  of  poetry,  yet  in  verses  cor- 
rect, elegant,  sometimes  humorous,  and 
always  agreeable.  It  is  a  volume  we  can 
recommend. 


Lectures  on  some  of  the  Articles  of 
Faith,  by  the  Rev.  R.  C.  Dillon,  M.A. 
Minister  of  Charlotte  Chapel,  Pimlico, 
fee.  —  Mr.  Dillon's  congregation  have 
shown  that  they  have  profited  by  his  dis- 
courses, by  their  anxiety  to  have  them 
perpetuated  in  print.  We  hate  seldom 
read  any,  that  have  given  us  more  plea- 
sure. Candid,  well-informed,  well-ar- 
gued, and  we  consider,  rightly  interpret- 
ing Scripture,  they  have  presented  much 
valuable  truth,  in  a  plain  and  easily  in- 
telligible form.  We  particularly  recom- 
mend Lecture  v  and  vi.  on  Predestination 
and  Election.  We  are  not  sure  that  all 
persons,  who  agree  with  him  in  other 
points,  will  receive  his  arguments  on 
Infant  salvation  on  the  grounds  he  has 
placed  it  (p.  145-6)  ;  but  he  has  treated 
a  most  difficult  and  disputed  subject, 
with  the  most  devout  piety,  and  remark- 
able discrimination. 


Wishaw's  Synopsis  of  the  Members  of 
the  English  Bar  will  be  found  an  exceed- 
ingly useful  publication,  both  for  present 
and  future  reference.  The  names  are 
arranged  both  in  alphabetical  and  chro- 
nological lists ;  in  the  first  of  which  are 
given  their  academical  degrees,  inns  of 
court,  dates  of  call,  courts  in  which  they 
practise,  official  appointments,  circuits, 
chambers,  &c.  Separate  lists  are  added 
of  the  Judges,  King's  Counsel,  Serjeants, 
Advocates,  Legal  Members  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  flic.  &c. 


Sacred  Classics.  —  Primitive  Chris- 
tianity— Knox's  Christian  Philosophy — 
Boyle1 s  Veneration  due  to  God.  voL  xii. 
xiii.  xviii.  xix.— We  have  had  occasion  to 
commend  the  very  careful  and  judicious 
selection  of  treatises  and  authors  made 
by  the  very  learned  editors  of  the  present 
work.  They  have  a  still  further  call  on 
our  thanks  for  the  elaborate  and  learned 
treatise  of  Cave,  and  the  pious  and  elo- 
quent dissertation  of  Boyle.  Dr.  V. 
Knox's  Christian  Philosophy  was  more 
required  by  the  feeling  prevalent  in  his 
days,  and  in  the  time  before  his,  than  in 
our' s ;  but  still  it  is  a  treatise  of  value  in 
itself ;  of  sound  scriptural  views,  and 
written  in  an  entertaining  though  singular 
manner. 


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296 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


New  Work*  announced for  Publication. 

Memoir  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert 
Morrison,  D.D.  of  China.  By  the  Rev. 
J.  Clunie,  LL.D.  of  Manchester.  . 

"  Paracelsus,"  a  Poem,  by  Robert 
Browning,  Esq. 

"  Sunday,"  a  Poem,  by  the  author  of 
"  The  Mechanics'  Saturday  Night." 

History  of  the  Condition  of  Women  in 
all  Ages  and  Nations.  By  Mrs.  Child, 
author  of"  Mother's  Book,"  &c. 

Graphics :  A  Manual  of  Drawing  and 
Writing,  for  the  Use  of  Schools  and  Fa- 
milies.  By  R.  Peale. 

Table's  of  Discounts,  Net  Proceeds, 
Per-Centage  Profits  upon  the  Sale  of 
Goods,  on  a  New  Plan  of  Arrangement. 
By  David  Booth,  author  of  "  Interest 
Tables,"  &c. 

A  History  of  English  Literature,  Cri- 
tical and  Philosophical,  by  Mr.  D' Is- 
raeli. 

A  new  edition  of  the  Works  of  Sir 
John  Suckling,  with  a  Life  of  the  Author. 
By  the  Rev.  Alfred  Suckling,  LL.B. 

Researches  on  the  Organisation,  Func- 
tions, and  Diseases  of  Membranous  Se- 
creting Textures.  By  Thomas  Turner, 
M.R.CS.L.  &c. 

Indian  Sketches;  or,  a  Visit  to  the 
Pawnees,  and  other  Indian  Tribes,  by  a 
Nephew  of  Washington  Irving. 

A  Third  and  concluding  Series  of 
Mr.  Jesse's  Gleanings. 

Laborde's  Visit  to  Petra,  translated 
and  corrected,  with  the  original  Plates  re- 
engraved  in  a  cheap  form. 

Histories  of  Malta  and  Poland,  for 
Young  Persons,  by  Mrs.  Markham. 

A  Hand -Book  for  Travellers  in  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Rhine,  in  Germany, 
Tyrol,  and  Switzerland. 

Mr.  Bulwer's  new  Work,  entitled 
"  Athens,  its  Rise  and  Fall,  with  views 
of  the  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Literature, 
and  Commerce  of  the  Athenian  People." 

Miss  Landon's  Poem,  44  The  Vow  of 
the  Peacock." 

Dr.  Hogg's  Travels  in  the  East,  en- 
titled, 44  A  Visit  to  Alexandria,  Damas- 
cus," ficc. 

Mr.  Crorley'b  Series  of  Tales,  chiefly 
laid  in  Italy. 

The  Second  and  concluding  volume  of 
M.  de  Tocqueville's  Work,  on  Demo- 
cracy in  America. 


Gresram  College. 
Windsor. — On  Tuesday,  July  14,  the 
Gold  Medal,  awarded  by  the  Professor  of 
Music  in  Gresham  College,  for  the  best 
composition  in  Sacred  Vocal  Music,  was 
presented  to  the  successful  candidate  for 
the  year  1834. 

The  prize  composition,  an  Anthem  for 
9 


five  voices  from  the  86th  Psalm,  "  Bow 
down  thine  ear,  O  Lord,"  was  performed 
as  a  part  of  the  Afternoon  Service  in  St. 
George's  Chapel,  and  the  congregation 
then  adjourned  to  the  Town  Hall,  which 
was  completely  filled  with  the  inhabitants 
and  visitors  of  Windsor,  assembled  to 
witness  the  interesting  ceremony.  After 
the  Quartette,  from  Spohr's  Last  Judg- 
ment, 44  Blest  are  the  departed,"  and  a 
few  glees,  had  been  sung  by  the  gentlemen 
of  the  choir,  the  medal  was  presented  to 
Mr.  Elvey,  accompanied  by  an  address 
from  Mr.  Horsley,  of  which  the  following 
is  an  outline :  44  Mr.  George  Elvey  :  In 
the  absence  of  the  Gresham  Professor  of 
Music,  whose  advanced  age  prevents  him 
from  attending  here  to-day,  it  is  my 
grateful  office  to  present  you  with  this 
medal.  It  is  highly  gratifying  to  you, 
Sir,  and  to  me,  as  English  musicians,  to 
know  that  there  are  persons,  who  have  a 
taste  for  the  highest  and  noblest  produc- 
tions of  our  art,  and  who  are  ready  to 
hold  out  every  inducement  for  their  cul- 
tivation and  encouragement.  You  have 
well  responded  to  their  good  intention. 
Your  anthem,  which  we  have  just  heard, 
is  calculated  to  do  you  the  greatest  cre- 
dit, whether  we  consider  it  in  regard  to 
conception  or  execution.  The  style  is 
truly  ecclesiastical,  and  the  construction 
of  the  parts  shows  that  you  have  care- 
fully studied  the  best  authors,  and  that 
your  mind  is  imbued  with  their  excel- 
lencies. There  is  one  circumstance  con- 
nected with  this  anthem,  which  I  am 
desirous  to  mention.  On  former  occa- 
sions there  was  always  a  little  discussion 
between  my  brother  umpires  and  myself, 
with  regard  to  the  relative  merits  of  the 
compositions  submitted  to  us.  But  in 
your  case,  there  was  none :  we  were  at  once 
agreed  that  to  you  the  prize  medal  should 
be  given  ;  and  I  flatter  myself  that  your 
success  with  us,  was  not  without  effect  in 
placing  you  in  the  honourable  station* 
which  you  now  occupy.  May  your  career 
be  prosperous  '  May  you  live  in  honour, 
and  die  in  happine:  ' 

Mr.  Horsley  intimated,  at  the  close  of 
his  address,  that  the  candidates  for  the 
medal  of  the  present  year,  must  send  in 
their  compositions  to  the  umpires,  on  or 
before  the  first  of  October. 


Intended  Application  to  Parliament 
for  a  Grant  in  Aid  or  the  Complete 
R  estoration  or  St.  Saviour's  Church. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  for  the 
restoration  of  St.  Saviour's  Church,  South- 
wark,  held  in  the  vestry  room  of  that  edi- 
fice, August  13,  it  was  unanimously  re- 

•  Organist  of  St.  George's  Chapel, 

Windsor. 

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1835.] 


St.  Saviour's  Church,  Southwark 


297 


solved  that  application  should  be  made  to 
Parliament  for  a  grant  of  a  sum  of  money 
in  aid  of  effecting  this  strictly  public  un- 
dertaking.     The  grounds  of  the  com- 
mittee's  expectation  that  some  assistance 
in  this  way  will  be  conceded  to  them, 
are,  that  St.  Saviour's  Church  is  a  con- 
spicuous object  and  ornament  in  the 
line  of  the  southern  approach  to  the  me- 
tropolis, over  the  new  London  Bridge ; 
that  it  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  the  archi- 
tectural taste  of  our  forefathers,  and  that 
by  attention  to  the  preservation  of  such 
monuments,  a  national  feeling  for  works 
of  grandeur,  symmetry,  and  elegance  is 
diffused,  while  the  tangible  historic  monu- 
ments of  our  country's  annals  are  preserv- 
ed.   That  the  edifice  has  all  the  extent 
and  grand  proportions  of  a  cathedral,  be- 
ing from  the  lowest  door  to  the  end  of  the 
retro  choir,  or  Lady  Chapel,  upwards  of 
230  feet  in  length.    But  that  the  district 
by  which,  at  the  suppression  of  monaste- 
ries, it  was  purchased,  is  much  too  poor  to 
be  burthened  with  an  expenditure  for  re- 
storation, which  cannot  be  calculated  at 
less  than  15,000/.,  the  parish  having  al- 
ready expended  nearly  30,000/.  on  various 
portions  of  the  sacred  edifice,  and  upwards 
of  5,000/.  having  been  voluntarily  sub- 
scribed by  individuals  in  completing  the 
Lady  Chapel  and  Altar  Screen.  That 
although  a  subscription  through  the  dio- 
cese of  Winchester  has  been  successfully 
begun,  by  many  of  its  respected  clergy, 
yet  evidently  a  very  long  time  would 
elapse  before  a  sufficient  sum  could  be 
collected  by  the  contributions  of  patri- 
otic individuals  to  commence  the  work. 
In  the  meantime  the  unroofed  dilapi- 
dated walls  of  the  nave  are  fast  falling 
to  decay,  and  but  a  few  years  delay  would 
render  it  necessary  rather  to  rebuild  than 
to  restore.    The  Lady  Chapel  at  the  east 
end,  which  has  been  so  beautifully  re-esta- 
blished in  its  pristine  elegance  by  the  vo- 
luntary contributions  of  the  public,  is  a 
proof  that  public  feeling,  in  this  polished 
Age,  is  not  dead  to  such  matters;  and 
thence  we  may  fairly  infer,  that  where  a 
greater  public  effort  is  wanted  to  forward 
an  object  still  more  extensive  and  impor- 
tant, parliamentary  aid  may  be  most  rea- 
sonably solicited;  the   purpose  being 
strictly  national,  and  therefore  parliamen- 
tary.  What  a  magnificent  pile  would  St 
Saviour's  Church  present  to  the  eye,  when 
properly  restored  by  the  hand  which  has 
so  well  revived  the  architectural  ele- 
gancies of  the  Lady  Chapel !    We  should 
nave  the  choir,  with  its  primitive  groined 
roof,  continued  to  the  central  tower  which 
Tfces  between  the  transepts ;  the  central 
tower  open,  as  it  originally  was  for  a  cer- 
tain height  upwards,  like  that  of  the 
Gf.nt.  Mau.  Vol.  IV. 


church  of  St.  Cross  at  Winchester; 
the  groined  choir  and  rich  altar  screen 
have  happily  been  already  restored  with 
most  accurate  attention  to  original  details. 
To  all  this  would  be  added,  in  two  dis- 
tant vistas  viewed  from  either  aisle,  the 
light  interlacing  shafts  and  pointed  win- 
dows of  the  Lady  Chapel.  Will  the  re- 
presentatives of  the  British  nation,  a  re- 
formed Parliament,  deny  some  few  thou- 
sands from  the  public  purse  to  effect  a  pur- 
pose so  striking,  so  tasteful,  so  patriotic 
as  this — which  will  be  a  monument  of  their 
wisdom  and  liberality  to  future  ages?  Most 
certainly,  we  trust,  they  will  not,  but  that 
they  will  show  that  there  are  occasions 
on  which  Englishmen  are  united  in  one 
common  generous  sentiment  and  honest 
pride  of  country.  And  we  entertain  the 
better  hope  of  the  success  of  this  applica- 
tion when  we  remember  that  which  at- 
tended a  representation  made  to  the  first 
reformed  Parliament,  the  object  of  which 
was  to  secure  a  sufficient  space  to  lay  open 
this  magnificent  and  venerable  church  wilh 
its  appendages,  to  the  public  highway  over 
the  new  London  Bridge.  In  addition  to 
the  munificent  patronage  und  zealous  ex- 
ertions of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  the  Dio- 
cese in  support  of  the  noble  work,  his 
Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who 
most  liberally  contributed  to  the  resto- 
ration of  the  Lady  Chapel,  has  been 
pleased  to  sanction  the  generous  endea- 
vours which  are  now  making  for  the  com- 
plete restoration  of  this  interesting  and 
magnificent  diocesan  church,  with  his  best 
wishes  and  warmest  approbation. 

The  Rev.  A.  H.  Kenney,  D.D.  the 
esteemed  Rector  of  St  Olave's,  South, 
wark,  has  kindly  consented  to  offer  his 
services  as  Secretary  to  the  Committee, 
which  already  comprizes  in  its  number 
the  Rt.-Hon.  Lord  Walsingham,  Arch- 
deacon of  Surrey ;  Rev.  l)r.  Dealtry, 
Chancellor  of  Winchester;  Archdeacon 
Hoare,  Rev.  Dr.  D  Oyly,  Rev.  Hugh- 
James  Rose,  Charles  Barclay,  Esq.  M  P„ 
Richard  Alsager,  Esq.  M.  P.,  John 
Richards,  Esq.  M.P.,  Charles  Pott,  Esq. 
Benjamin  Harrison,  Esq.,  Samuel  Payn- 
ter,  Esq  ,  J.  Sydney  Taylor,  Esq.,  A. 
J.  Kempe,  Esq.,  J.  B.  Nichols,  Esq , 
William  Paynter,  Esq.,  T.  B.  Burbidge, 
Esq.,  Edw.  Sells,  Esq.,  Andrew  Clark, 
Esq.,  Thomas  Saunders  Esq ,  John 
Newman,  Esq.,  W.  W.  Nash,  Esq., 
P.  II.  Leatbes,  Esq.,  and  who,  with  the 
officiating  clergy  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Saviour's,  and  Henry  Weston,  Esq. 
banker,  South  waik  (the  Treasurer  of  the 
Fund),  have  undertaken  to  receive  con- 
tributions for  this  excellent  work. 

A.  J.  K» 


2  Q 


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298 


[Sept. 


ANTIQUARIAN 

8ALE  OP  EGYPTIAN  ANTIQUITIES. 
(Concluded  from  p.  189.) 

Scarabei  found  in  tlie  tombs  at  Tfiebes.-— 
The  following  were  bought  for  the 
British  Museum :  — A  Bracelet  of  12 
very  small  Scarabei,  10/.  15*. — Eight,  6  of 
them  with  cartouches,  6/.  16*.  fid. — One 
of  blue  porcelain,  with  hieroglyphic*  and 
a  cartouche,  St.  8*.— One  in  form  of  a 
vase,  very  rare,  with  12  lines  of  hiero- 
glyphics, 11.  15*.  —  A  Tablet  of  hurd 
stone,  with  a  Scarabeus,  underneath  a 
boat,  with  a  deity  at  each  end,  121. — 
Six  others,  with  interesting  cartouches, 
7/.  17*.  6tf.,  were  bought  by  U>rd  Prud- 
hoe.  —  A  most  beautiful  Scarabeus  of 
hurd  green  stone,  bound  with  gold,  and 
131ines  of  hieroglyphics,  32/  1 1*.,  l»ought, 
we  believe,  for  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

Engraved  Stones. — A  Cylinder  of  agate, 
engraved,  a  Persian  king  in  a  car  shooting 
arrows  at  u  lion,  22/.,  Brit.  Museum. —  A 
piece  of  hard  stone,  highly  polished,  with 
Cufic  characters,  set  in  gold  as  a  seal,  8/. 

Ornaments  set  in  Gold,  $*c. — A  Necklace 
of  39  large  porcelain  beads,  connected  by 
gold  fastenings  and  clasps,  perfect,  147. 
10*.,  Br.  Museum. — A  Scarabeus  of  jas- 
per 1  {  in.  long,  taken  from  the  breast  of  a 
mummy  at  Thebes,  16/.  10s ,  Brit.  Mus. 
— Gold  Ring,  with  figure  of  Isis,  17/.  10*., 
Brit.  Mus. — A  magnificent  and  solid  gold 
Signet,  with  a  cartouche,  bearing  the 
royal  name  of  Amenophis  the  First,  and 
huving  also  other  inscriptions  in  hiero- 
glyphics, brought  from  Memphis,  51/.  9*. ; 
weight  1  oz.  6dwt.  12  gr.  of  fine  gold. 
This  is  a  most  rare  and  highly  interesting 
object.  Several  writers  agree  that  during 
the  whole  of  the  reign  of  this  Pharaoh, 
Joseph  was  prime  minister.  It  was 
bought  by  Mr.  Sams,  who  enriched  his 
valuable  and  extensive  Egyptian  Collec- 
tion with  many  curious  and  important  arti- 
cles from  this  sale;  but  whose  name  seldom 
appears,  he  having  generally  purchased  by 
an  agent  who  used  the  signature  W. — 
An  elegant  Necklace,  of  seven  gold  shells, 
two  gold  fish,  head-dress  of  Horus,  &c. 
35/.  15*.,  British  Museum. — A  solid  gold 
Ring,  with  the  figure  of  a  deity  from 

Memphis,  18/.  10*.,  Cattermole  An 

Abraxos,  of  lapis  lazuli ;  on  one  side  u 
figure  with  two  pair  of  wings  extended ; 
in  its  right  hand  a  scorpion,  in  the  left  a 
lion ;  underneath  is  a  cartouche,  consist- 
ing of  figures  of  animals,  among  which  is 
a  giraffe;  in  the  reverse,  eight  lines  iu 
Greek  characters,  2il  5s.  Brit.  Mus. 

Deities,  <Jr.  iu  ftard  stone,  porcelain, 
lapis  laxuli,  ^c— Necklace  of  amethyst 
beads,  and  Scarabseus  of  lapis  lazuli,  61., 
British  Museum.— Head  of  a  Statue  in 


RESEARCHES. 

basalt,  fine,  from  Memphis,  10/.,  British 
Mus*— Statue  in  basalt,  Man  and  Wife, 
on  a  throne,  with  hieroglyphics,  57.  10#.» 

Cohen  Figures  of  the  Porcupine,  with 

crocodile  and  scorpion  at  bottom  ;  and  the 
Hare,  seated,  porcelain,  from  Thebes, 
4/.  17*. — A  figure  of  a  Mummy,  in  blue 
composition,  with   neat  hieroglyphics, 
unique,  3  J  in.  high,  from  Memphis,  JO/. 
— A  Cat,  with  its  little  ones,  and  the 
Epervier;  both  porcelain,  from  Abydos 
6/.  8*.  6d. —  Pthah,  in  green  porcelain, 
standing  on  two  crocodiles.  2$  in.  high, 
from  Memphis,  4/.  11*.,  Brit.  Mus. — 
A  naked  female  figure,  calcareous  stone* 
from  Memphis,  4  J  in.  high,  6/.,  Brit. 
Mus.— Upright  Vase,  in  form  of  the  lo- 
tus-flower, probably  unique,  blue  glass 
composition,  a  toilette  ornament,  with  the 
colour  in  it  used  for  the  eyes,  and  the 
brush  or  stick  of  pietra  dura,  31 L,  British 
Mus. — A  Priest,  in  ulabaster,  rude  work, 
before  an  altar  of  calcareous  stone,  curious, 
15  in.  high,  from  Abydos,  25/.,  Lord 

Prudhoe  A  Priest  seated  on  a  pedestal 

in  front  12  lines  of  hieroglyphics,  with 
two  cartouches,  21  in.  high,  from  Thebes, 
31/.  10*.,  Brit.  Mus. 

Vasts  in  Alabaster. — An  Altar,  or  Of- 
fertory, with  its  appendages,  consisting 
of  1 1  pieces :  a  table,  4-  vases,  2  lachry- 
matories, and  4-  bowls ;  on  each  a  line  of 
hieroglyphics,  48/.  6*. — An  alabaster  vase, 
11  in.  high,  from  Thebes,  \5L  10*. — A 
round  Vase,  of  ground  alabaster,  19/  5*., 
and  four  embalming  vases  with  hiero- 
glyphics, the  covers  human  heads,  17/. 
These  six  vases  were  all  from  Thebes. — 
A  Bowl,  10  in.  in  circumference,  with  a 
line  of  hieroglyphics,  10/.  5*. — Round 
Vase  of  alabaster,  14- in.  high,  36  in  cir- 
cumference, 5/.  5*.  —  Small  alabaster 
Vase,  2  in.  high,  for  colour  for  the  eyes, 
5/.  10* — Elegant  alabaster  Vase,  5  in. 
high.  7  in  diameter,  91.  9*.— Vase  of  Co- 
rinthian marble,  Gin.  in  diameter,  fmm 
Abydos,  9t. — Vase  in  green  stone,  with 
two  cartouches,  14/. — A  set  of  the  4  Vases 
or  Canopi,  representing  the  4  Genii  of  the 
Aruenti,  or  Amun-ti,  viz.  Netsonof,  with 
the  hawk's  head  ;  2,  Smof,  with  the  jack- 
all's  head;  3,  Hapee,  with  the  head. of 
a  dog  ;  4,  Amset,  with  the  human  bead, 
14 in.  high,  from  Memphis:  in  front  of 
each  vase  were  six  lines  of  hieroglyphics, 
each  vase  having  the  name  of  Psaramiti- 
thus  II,  72/. — Elegant  Vase,  of  dark 
blue  glass  composition,  with  stripes  of 
white,  yellow,  and  light  blue,  3$  in.  high, 
from  Memphis,  37/. — Vase  of  serpentine 
marble,  with  hnidles,  4$  in.  high,  from 
Memphis,  6/.  6*.— Elegant  Vase,  with 
cover,  in  which  is  a  cartouche,  and  in 
front  of  the  vase  numerous  hieroglyphics, 

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1835.]  Antiquarian  Researches.  290 

191.  5s.    All  the  above  articles  were  8/.  18*.6rf.  M'Queen.— Statueof  Jupiter 

bought  for  the  British  Museum.  writing,  head  with  globe  and  feathers' 

The  Four  Canopi,  in  alabaster;  the  12  in.  high,  from  Thebes,  20/.  5s.,  British 

covers  representing  the  human  head,  down  Mus.— A  Priapus,  round  the  neck  a  col- 

the  front  of  each  vase  3  lines  of  hiero-  lar  of  gold,  on  a  double  pedestal;  on  the 

glyphics;  from  Memphis,  17/.— An  ex-  smaller  pedestal  8  bows,  .'cartouches 

ceedingly  beautiful  Vase,  of  alabaster,  7  in.  with  hieroglyphics,  &c,  9in.  high,  30/.  5s.[ 

high,  in  front  hieroglyphics  and  a  car-  British  Mus.— Isis;  the  figure-head  of  a 

touche,  25/.  W. — An  elegant  porcelain  boat,  lOin.  high;  fine,  10/.  10/.,  British 

Vase,  with  hieroglyphics,  6  in.  high,  from  Museum. — A  Mirror,  solid  mixed  metal 

Thebes,  71.  10*.,  Lord  Mountnorris.  handle  of  solid  bronze,  with  the  head  of 

Statues  in  Calcareous  Stone,  tiasalt,$c. —  Isis,  11  in.  high,  36/.  5s  .  British  Mus  

A  Female  in  a  kneeling  position ;  in  A  Sacerdotal  Vase  for  Holy  Water,  -Win 

front  are  five  lines  of  hieroglyphics,  16  in.  in  diameter,  II/.  12*.,  Brit.  Mus.— Statue 

high,  29/.  8/.,  Lord  Prudhoe — A  Priest,  of  a  Queen,  2  ft.  8 in.  high;  fine,  and 

kneeling,  holding  a  tablet  with  six  lines  of  perfect,  20/.,  Br.  Mus. — Mirror  of  mixed 

hieroglyphics,  surmounted  by  the  repre-  metal,  with  ebony  handle,  with  2  deities 

sentation  of  a  boat,  in  which  are  the  dei-  in  bas-relief,  9§in.  high,  from  Memphis, 

ties  Osiris,  Honrs,  &c.  17/.,  British  Mus.  29/.,  Lord  Prudhoe. — A  collection  of  Car- 

—  A  Young  Man,  in  basalt,  kneeling,  penter's  Tools,  consisting  of  2  different 

holding  a  tablet  with  eight  lines  "of  hiero-  hatchets,  3  chisels,  and  a  saw,  all  with 

giypbics,  12  in.  high,  29/.  —  A  basalt  wooden  handles,  and  a  knife.  These 

statue  of  a  Man  sitting  on  a  throne ;  in  were  from  a  tomb  at  Thebes  ;  on  six  are 

bis  left  hand  an  instrument,  his  right  on  hieroglyphics,  each  containing  a  cartouche, 

his  right  knee;   left  knee  with  hiero-  bearing  the  name  of  «  Psammiticus,' 16V. 

glyphics,  27  in.  high,  22/.  5*.,  Mr.  Sams.  5*.,  British  Mus. — A  King's  Hatchet  as 

Statue  in  basalt,  a  Priest,  kneeling ;  in  used  in  war,  with  handle  of  silver  and  al- 

his  hands  a  small  statueof  Jupiter,  seated,  loy,  24  in.  long,  from  Thebes,  52/.  5s 

13  in.  high,  60/,  Sir  C.  Greville.— Bust  Brit.  Mus — A  Dagger,  with  silver  and 

of  a  colossal  Stataeof  Rameses  the  Great,  ivory  handle,  11  in.  long,  251.  10*.,  Brit 

in  hard  calcareous  stone,  from  Abydos;  Mus.— The  head  of  a  Spear,  14  in.  long 

beautiful,  100/.,   British  Museum. — A  10/.  10*.,  M'Queen.— A  Bow,  with  4  ar- 

Feraale,  in  red  terra-cotta,  playing  on  a  rows  of  cane,  tops  of  hard  wood,  9/.  5*., 

musical  instrument,  9  in.  high,  from  Cuerton. 

Thebes,  11/.  Brit.  Mus —  A  Statue,  in       Statue  in  Silver,  representing  Jupiter- 

calcAreous  stone,  figures  of  a  Man  and  bis  Ammon,  in  an  erect  position;  his  head 

Wife ;  at  the  back  and  on  each  side  are  surmounted  by  the  globe  and  feathers, 

figures  and  hieroglyphics,  15  in.  high,  on  and  in  his  hand  he  holds  a  staff6£  in.  high* 

»  pedestal  of  red  stone,  round  which  is  a  weight  21  oz.,  from  Karnak,  105/.  Brit 

line  of  hieroglyphics;  from  Thebes,  17/.  Mus. 

5*.  British  Museum.  Tablets  from  the  Pyramids.— A  Tablet, 
Bronze  Statues,  Instruments,  Arms,  8fc.  of  3  compartments ;  centre  with  a  King 
Twenty-five  Mathematical  Instruments,  and  his  Queen  seated  at  a  table,  over 
from  Abydos,  16/.,  Brit.  Mus — Statue  and  under  which  are  numerous  figures 
of  a  Man  walking;  head  with  the  lotus,  and  hieroglyphics,  5  ft.  11  in.  long,  17/.: 
■upported  by  two  serpents,  Sin.  high,  9/.,  Another,  nearly  similar,  with  a  cartouche) 
Brit.  Mus. — A  Looking-glass  of  mixed  30/.:  A  collection  of  40  pieces  with  nu- 
meral, probably  gold,  platina,  &c,  10/.,  merous  ornaments,  composed  of  large 
Davidson. — Statue  of  Osiris;  one  of  the  figures  in  intaglia,  engraved  and  covered 
largest  bronzes  yet  found  in  Egypt,  3  ft  with  hieroglyphics,  and  many  cartouches 
long,  13/.  Brit.  Mus.— An  Offertory;  a  40/.  5*.:  all  these  were  bought  for  the 
table,  15in.  long  by  7  in.  high,  with  its  British  Museum. 

appendages,    26  various  objects,  from       Sepulchral  Tablets  from  the  tombs  at 

Abvdos,  42/.  5s.,  Brit.  Mus.— A  Vase  or  Abydos  — A  Tablet  representing  Osiris, 

Water  Bottle, 8 in.  high;  and  a  Bowl,  12  &c,  15 in.  high,  12 in.  broad,  20A  10*., 

in5ircumn?rence,  found  in  same  tomb  at  S.  Rogers. — A  Tablet,  with  a  Priest 

Abydos,  10/.  10#.,  Br.  Mus.— Figure  of  offering  to  a  Ram,  two  cartouches,  21  in 

M.rS0unger  Horus»  from  Thebes'  5/-5*->  h»gh»  H  broad,  51.,  Brit  Mus.-Tablet, 

♦M'Queen — Statue  of  a  King,  sitting,  a  in  two  divisions,  with  offerings  to  Osiris 

•j^pent  on  his  forehead,  8$  in.  high,  from  and  two  other  deities,  three  cartouches, 

ibebes,25/.,  M'Queen.— Figure  of  Anu-  15  in.  high,  9  broad,  21/.,  British  Mus.— 

wis,  8  in.  high,  from  Thebes,  16/.,  Brit.  Tablet,  with  Thoth  and  Mendes  seated  at 

V!'~~Statue  of  Horus  senior,  walking,  a  table,  and  two  priests  kneeling,  with 

solid  bronze,  with  the  head  of  the  Eper-  hieroglyphics,  15  in.  high,  16§  broad,  8/., 

*w5  eyes  silver,  12  in.  high,  from  Thebes,  M'Queen.— Tablet,  with 3compartments : 


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300 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Sept. 


the  first,  showing  an  entire  family  of  eleven 
persons,  adoring  four  Mummies;  the 
second,  a  Mummy,  with  Anubis  perfect- 
ing it ;  at  the  foot,  3  priests,  and  1 1  lines 
of  hieroglyphics,  24  in.  high,  10/.  British 
Museum  — Tablet,  with  three  lines  of 
hieroglyphics,  underneath  a  King  and 
Que  en  on  their  thrones,  at  the  back  3 
priests,  each  holding  a  goose,  15$  in.  high, 
27in  long,  25/.,  M» Queen.— Tablet,  in  3 
compartments,  with  the  date,  the62d  year 
of  Rameses  the  Great,  followed  by  a  car- 
touche,  12  in.  long,  bearing  the  titles  and 
name  of  the  deceased.  2  ft.  5  in.  high,  21 
in.  broad,  23/.,  Brit.  Mus. — Tablet,  with 
two  standing  figures,  18  in.  high,  one  a 
female  with  lotus  flowers,  the  other  a 
male  with  the  key  of  the  Nile  in  hi?  right 
hand,  3  ft.  8  in.  high,  2  ft.  6  in.  broad, 
24/.  15*.,  Brit  Mus.— Tablet  in  form  of 
a  Portico,  two  priests  and  a  female  offer- 
ing to  Osiris  seated  on  a  throne,  3  ft.  1  in. 
high,  and  4$  in.  thick,  27/.  5*.,  Br.  Mus. 
— Tablet,  in  4  compartments,  with  nume- 
rous figures  in  bas-relief,  14/.  5*.,  British 
Mus. — Tablet,  of  red  granite,  with  three 
female  deities  and  a  king,  13 in.  high;  in 
front  of  each  figure  are  hieroglyphics ;  the 
tablet  is  3ft.  high,  and  from  Thebes,  41/. 
M* Queen— Tablet,  with  a  Priest  offer- 
ing to  Osiris,  at  back  are  figures  of  Ho- 
rus.  Isis,  Anubis,  Jupiter,  Bubastes, 
Nepthe,  and  Apis:  over  these  a  car- 
touche, with  name  of  deceased,  and  the 
time,  the  G2d  year  of  Rameses  the  Great, 
3  ft.  9  in.  high,  45/.,  Br.  Mus.— A  Royal 
Tablet,  with  4  divisions,  with  numerous 
figures,  seated ;  over  the  first  a  cartouche, 
at  top  the  same  date  as  preceding  tablet, 
3  ft.  7  in.  high,  45/.,  Br.  Mus.— Tablet, 
formed  as  a  Portico,  in  upper  part  a  pyra- 
mid, with  female  kneeling,  in  the  centre  a 
priest  and  female  offering  to  Osiris,  5  ft. 
high,  30/.,  M'Queen. — Tablet,  with  figures 
of  deceased  family,  with  a  cow,  and  calf 
sucking,  three  figures,  one  with  the  milk- 
pail,  12  lines  of  hieroglyphics,  I 30/.,  Brit. 
Mus. — Tablet,  with  a  King,  his  Queen 
and  daughter,  offering  to  Osiris ;  the  two 
females  each  hold  a  goose ;  17  lines  of  hie- 
roglyphics, 4  ft.  high,  12/.  M( Queen. — 
Tablet,  like  a  Portico,  in  two  compart- 
ments, in  front  a  King  and  his  Queen 
offering  to  a  deity ;  the  whole  covered  with 
hieroglyphics,  4ft.  high,  32/.,  M'Queen. — 
Tablet,  in  3  compartments,  the  first  with 
t\\  o  priests  offering  to  Osiris,  the  second 
5  lines  of  hieroglyphics,  the  third  2  figures 
representing  the  deceased,  a  King  and 
Queen,  seated  on  their  thrones,  5  ft.  8  in. 
high,  2ft.  10  in.  broad,  45/.,  Brit.  Mus. 

Papyri,  found  in  the  Tombs  at  T/icbrt 
and  Memphis. — A  perfect  Roll,  in  De- 
motic character,  12|  in.  broad,  5  ft.  long, 
21/.,  Br.  Mus.— Epistolary  Greek  Papy- 


rus, «  Theon  to  Dionysius,*  and  «  Men. 
nidcs  to  Theon,'  12  in.  broad,  1  4  in.  long-, 
62/.  5*.,  Brit.  Mus — One  in  Greek,  a 
Contract  for  Bread,  12  in.  high,  6  in. 
broad,  39/.  5s.  Brit.  Mus.  —  Epistolary 
Greek  Papyrus,  Oin.  high,  Gin.  broad, 
3 1/.  5*.,  Brit.  Mus. — A  magnificent  Papy- 
rus, in  the  hieroglyphical  character,  with 
figures  of  divinities,  and  funeral  represen- 
tations, 14  in.  broad,  divided  into  12  layers, 
each  5  ft.  long,  total  upwards  of  60  ft. 
long;  from  a  mummy  at  Thebes,  168/., 
Steevens,  for  the  King  of  Prussia's  col- 
lection at  Berlin.  —  A  Papyrus  in  the 
Greek  character,  13  in.  broad,  and  H  in. 
wide,  from  Memphis,  23/,  Br.  Mus. — 
One,  written  on  both  sides,  apparently 
accounts,  2  ft.  long,  1ft.  high,  167. 16*., 
Brit.  Mus. — An  Epistolary  Papyrus,  in 
Greek,  12£in.  high,  6$  broad,  25/.,  Brit. 
Mus. — Another,  12  in.  high,  7  in.  broad, 
17/.  17*.,  British  Mus.— A  third  ditto, 
12  in.  high,  4^  wide,  15/.,  Longman. — 
Epistolary  Papyrus,  in  Greek,    13  in. 
high,  34  in.  wide,  1 1/.  5*.,  Brit.  Mus. — 
Another,  13  in.  high,  5  in.  broad,  20/.  5*. 
Brit.  Mus.— One  in  the  Hieratic  charac- 
ter, 5  pages,  of  13  lines  each,  with  hiero- 
glyphics, 12/.  12*.,  Payne  and  Foss— . 
A  magnificent  Papyrus,  in  the  Hieratic 
character,  with  numerous  figures  in  black, 
18in.  wide, and  16ft.  long;  from  Thebes, 
91/.,  Brit.  Mus  Another,  in  the  De- 
motic character  (perhaps  the  largest  and 
most  perfect  extant),  13  in.  wide,  20 

feet  long,  50/.,  W  A  Papyrus  in  the 

Greek  character,  7  pages,  of  26  lines  each, 
5  ft.  long  by  1  foot  broad,  66/.,  Brit.  Mus. 
—Another,  in  Greek,  a  Letter  to  '  Ascli- 
pius,  account  of  bread  used  in  the  Temple 
of  Serapis,  12 in.  high,  Sin.  broad,  70/., 
M'Queen.  —  Another  Epistolary  Papy- 
rus, in  Greek,  with  the  original  Seal,  un- 
broken, 30/.,  W.— A  Roll  of  white 
Leather,  written  on  as  Papyrus,  with 
Hieratic  characters,  black  and  red ;  from 
the  neck  of  a  Mummy  at  Thebes,  31/., 
Brit.  Mus. — A  Papyrus,  in  the  Hieratic 
character,  12 in.  broad,  8  ft.  long,  from 
Abydos,  20/.  10*.,  Thorpe.— Epistolary 
Papyrus,  in  Greek,  two  pages,  21/.,  Brit. 
Mus. —  Twenty  leaves  of  a  volume  in  the 
Coptic  character,  9$  in.  high,  8  in.  broad, 
42/.,  Brit.  Mus.— Seven  ditto,  with  one 
part  of  the  original  binding,  a  quarter  of 
an  inch  thick,  composed  of  papyrus,  bound 
with  leather,  17/.  Dr.  Lee — A  Papyrus, 
in  the  Hieratic  character,  12  in.  high,  5| 
broad;  it  was  found  at  Thebes,  and 
throws  light  on  the  commerce  of  the 
Egyptians  :  it  is  a  letter,  enclosing  an  ac- 
count current,  enumerating  various  arti- 
cles to  which  numbers  (probably  prices) 
ure  attached,  30/.  5».  Brit.  Mus. 

Miscellaneous   Objects.  —  A  Painter'i 


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1835.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


301 


Palette,  in  alabaster,  in  8  divisions,  7 
containing  places  for  colours,  with  hiero- 
glyphics explaining  the  same,  10/.  10*. 
Brit.  .Mil- — A  Pillar,  with  hieroglyphics, 
5$  in.  high,  15/.  15*.  Brit.  Mus.—  A  set  of 
Carpenter's  Tools ;  an  axe,  a  hatchet,  3 
chisels,  and  a  saw ;  all  with  the  original 
handles  ;  from  Thebes :  each  instrument 
has  hieroglyphics  and  the  same  cartouches, 
20/.  British  Mus— Painter's  Palette,  in 
ivory,  with  2  brushes,  and  covered  with 
Hieratic  characters,  12  in.  long,  from 
Thebes,  8/.  5*.   Brit.  Mus. — A  small 
Altar,  in  which  are  placed  six  small  Vases 
of  rock  crystal,  from  Abydos,  16/.,  Brit. 
Mus. — ABow,  with3Arrows,5/.  \2s.Gd. 
Brit.  Mus.  — Three  pieces  of  Linen,  of 
different  texture,  10/.  10*.,  Brit.  Mus — 
A  fine  specimen  of  Linen,  with  fringe, 
well  preserved,  19/.  10*  W. 

We  have  now  enumerated  the  articles 
which  were  considered  the  most  curious, 
and,  consequently,  produced  the  highest 
prices,  at  this  sale ;  and  again  congratulate 
the  public  that  they  will  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  inspecting  a  large  part  of  these 
highly  interesting  articles  at  the  British 
Museum.    In  conclusion,  it  may  be  in- 
teresting to  state,  that  the  work  by  Gio- 
vanni D'Atbanasi  (noticed  by  us  in  p.  188) 
is  now  in  the  press :  it  will  contain  a 
chapter  on  the  situation  of  the  antiquities 
when  found,   and  state  of  the  tombs 
when  first  opened.    The  work  will  con- 
tain fourteen  plates,  representing  the 
principal  articles  sold  in  this  sale. 


MUMMY  FROM  THEBES. 

A  Mummy,  brought  by  Lord  Frederick 
Fitzclarence  from  Thebes,  has  been 
opened  at  the  new  Anatomical  Theatre 
of  St.  George's  Hospital,  in  Kennerton 
Street,  Wilton  Place,  by  Mr.  Pettigrew. 
The  mummy,  was  discovered  to  have 
been  a  priestess  of  the  Temple  of  Am- 
mon,  at  Tbebes.  After  a  period  of  more 
than  2,000  years,  it  will  repose  in  a  glass 
case  in  the  museum  of  an  anatomical 
school. 

ANGLO-GALLIC  COINS. 

At  a  recent  sale,  by  Messrs.  Sotbeby, 
of  rare  Anglo- Gallic  coins,  from  the  cabi- 
net of  Lieut— General  Ainslie  (author  of 
« Illustrations  of  the  Anglo-French  Coin- 
age"), together  with  some  consular  and 
imperial  Denarii,  some  choice  Cufic  coins, 
and  a  few  select  gold  coins  of  the  Visi- 
goths of  Spain,  &c.  the  following  lots 
were  among  the  specimens,  and  the  prices 
given: 

Lot.  152,  Henry  II.  Aquitaine  Far- 
thing of  the  most  extreme  rarity,  1/.  17*. 
—  155,  Richard  I.  Aquitaine  Penny,  ex- 
ceedingly rare,  31.  12*.  — 156,  Ditto, 


Aquitaine  Cross -Bow,  of  extreme  rarity, 
2L  10/. ;  none  of  the  three  in  the  British 
Museum — 157,  Aquitaine  Farthing,  al- 
most unique,  41.  10*. — 158,  Ditto,  variety, 
R.R.R.,  4/.  13*.— 161,  Poitou  Farthing, 
of  extreme  rarity,  31. 17*. — 162,  Edward  I. 
Aquitaine  Penny,  as  **  King,"  exceeding 
rare,  different  in  a  short  cross  from  Bri- 
tish Museum,  2/.  2*.— 169,  Edward  III. 
Half  Groat  Agnes,  extremely  rare,  1/.  1*., 
not  in  the  British  Museum,  or  any  other 
cabinet. — 176,  Edward  the  Black  Prince, 
Hardit,  Poictiers  Mint,  17*. — 177,  Ditto, 
Bordeaux  Mint,  1/.  11.  &/.— 178,  a  Unit 
Sterling,  Poitou  Mint,  19*.— 180,  Half 
Groat,  Rochelle  Mint,  1/.  18*.  — 181, 
Ditto,  Limoges  Mint,  1/.  11*.— 182,  Full 
Groat,  70*  grs.  3/.  7*. ;  sold  for  10/.  at 
Tyssens's  sale— 183,  Richard  II.,  Har- 
dit, of  excessive  rarity,  21.  10*. 

The  foregoing  are  silver  and  billon; 
the  following,  gold  i  Lot  192,  Edward 
III.  Guiennois,  extremely  rare,  9/.  14*. 
— 193,  Leopard,  rarest  vanety,  10/. — 191, 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  Chaise,  ex- 
ceedingly rare,  8/.  2*.  6d. — 195,  Pavilion, 
exceedingly  rare,  8/.  2*.  (W.— 196,  Hardi, 
of  extreme  rarity,  8/.— 197,  RichardtII. 
Hardi,  of  the  greatest  rarity,  16/.  5*.— 
198,  Henry  V.  Aignel,  almost  unique, 
31.  8*. ;  only  one  more  known  ;  sold  at 
Mr.  Tyssens  sale  for  53/.  11*.— 199, 
Henry  VI.  Angelet,  R.R.R.  5/.  12*.  &f. 

MODELS  OF  CROMLECHS. 

Five  models  of  ancient  Cromlechs  yet 
remaining  at  the  following  places,  vir., 
one  near  Liskeard,  one  at  Lanyon,  Corn- 
wall ;  a  double  Cromlech  at  Plus  Newydd, 
in  Anglesea  ;  one  at  Chun,  Cornwall; 
and  one  at  Duffrin,  near  Cardiff,  South 
Wales,  have  been  modelled  (con  amore\ 
and  recently  presented  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  British  Museum  by  Richard  Tongue, 
Esq  ,  the  gentleman  who  lately  presented 
two  paintings,  by  himself,  of  Druidical 
subjects,  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
as  noticed  in  our  July  Magazine.  The 
models  are  made  from  original  drawings 
and  admeasurements,  and  give  a  very  ac- 
curate idea  of  the  objects  they  represent. 
They  are  to  the  scale  of  an  inch  to  the 
foot,  and  are  tinted  to  resemble  nature. 

MUSEE  PELASGIQUE. 

A  room  in  the  Institute  at  Paris  has 
been  filled  with  models  of  the  most  cele- 
brated monuments  of  Greece,  of  which 
there  are  77  upon  a  small  scale,  for  the 
most  part  executed  by  M.  Stephan  Pou- 
lain.  Inscriptions  are  placed  on  each,  in 
Greek,  Latin,  and  French,  giving  then- 
dates  and  history. 


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Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Sept. 


ROMAN  SEPULCHRAL  STONE  FOUND  AT 
CIRENCESTER. 

Mr.  Urban, — A  few  weeks  since,  as 
some  workmen  were  digging  for  the  foun- 
dation of  a  house  at  a  place  called  Water- 
moor,  half  a  mile  on  the  south  side  of  the 
town  of  Cirencester,  al>out  fifty  yards 
outside  of  the  site  of  the  old  Roman 
wall,  and  close  to  the  Irmiue  Street  way, 
they  discovered,  at  about  2 J  feet  from  the 
surface,  a  stone  lying  flat  in  the  earth,  on 
which  is,  as  near  as  it  can  be  deciphered, 
the  following  inscription : 

DANNICVS  .  EQE8  .  AIAE 
INDIAN  .  TVR  .  ALHANI 
8TIP  .  XVI  .  CIVES  .  RA VII 
CVR  .  FVI.VIVS  NATALIS  IP 
FLAVIV8  .  BITVCVS  ER  .  TEST  AM  E 
USE 

The  stone  is  about  7  feet  high  and  2  J 
wide,  and  contains  at  the  top,  cut  very 
deeply  into  it,  the  figure  of  a  warrior  on 
horseback,  spearing  a  man,  who  is  lying  on 
the  ground.  Near  the  head  of  the  stone 
was  found  an  urn  of  dark  coloured  pot- 
tery, without  any  ornament  or  inscription, 
containing  fragments  of  burnt  bones  ;  and 
lying  upon  it,  but  apparently  unconnected 
with  it,  was  a  human  skeleton,  several  of 
which  were  also  discovered  near  the  spot. 
In  the  immediate  neighbourhood  have 
been  found,  at  different  times,  coins  and 
other  antiquities.       Yours,  &c.  S. 

Our  correspondent  adds,  that  "  the  let- 
ters ip  are  by  no  means  clear,"  and  in 
another  copy  of  the  inscription,  with 
which  we  have  been  favoured  by  R.  W. 
of  Cirencester,  they  are  printed  il,  The 
sense  appears  to  require  the  conjunction 

et'\  with  which  substitute  we  submit 
the  following  explanation  of  the  inscrip- 
tion at  length : 

Decius  Annicus,  eques  Ala?  Indiana?, 
turmae  Albani,  stipendiorum  xvi  cives 
Rauricus,  curaverunt  Fulvius  Natalis  [et] 
Flavius  Bitucus  hairedes  testamentarii, 
bic  situs  est. 

That  is,  "  Decius  Annicus,  a  horseman  of 
the  Ala  Indiana,  of  the  troop  of  Albanus, 
who  had  served  sixteen  years,  a  citizen  of 
Rauricum,  by  the  care  of  Fulvius  Natalis 
and  Flavius  Bitucus,  the  heirs  of  his  last 
will,  is  here  buried." 

The  Ala  Indiana  does  not  occur  among 
the  Roman  inscriptions  printed  in  Hors- 
ley's  Britannia  Romana. 

The  Raurici  were  the  inhabitants  of 
Basil  and  its  vicinity  in  Switzerland. 

On  reference  to  Lysons's  Roman  An- 
tiquities of  Bath,  pi.  xii,  an  engraving 
will  be  found  of  a  sepulchral  stone  similar 
to  the  present  in  more  respects  than  one. 
It  represents  in  the  same  way  a  knight 
on  horseback  with  a  man  under  the  horse; 


and  the  party  is  in  the  inscription  styled 
"eques"  and   "cives"  for  civis :     "  l. 

VITEI.I.IVS  MA  NT  A I  F  TANCINV8  CIVES  HISP. 
L'AVRIFSIS  m.   Af.AE  VETTON'VM  CR 

xxxxvi  stip.  xxvi.  it.  s  e." — In  the  same 
plate  is  the  upper  part  of  thy  sepulchral 
carving  of  another  horseman ;  and  in  the 
Archax>logia,  vol.  x.  pi.  xiv.  is  another, 
found  at  Stanwix,  in  Cumberland. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  sec  an  accurate 
drawing  of  the  Cirencester  stone. 

ROMAN  SIGNET. 

An  elegant  relic  of  the  time  when 
Eboracum  owned  the  Roman  swav,  was 
recently  turned  up  between  York  and 
Dringhouses,  a  site  rich  in  Roman  re- 
mains.   It  if?  a  signet  of  iron,  contained 
in  a  case  of  silver,  or  some  mixture  of 
which  silver  constitutes  the  principal 
part ;  and  its  form  is  as  near  as  possible 
to  that  of  a  modern  eyeglass,  neatly  en- 
graven, and  the  rivets  of  brass.    It  has  a 
ring  at  the  top,  by  which  it  has  in  all 
probability  been  attached  to  a  chain,  and 
thus  worn  as  an  ornament  to  the  person. 
On  one  side  is  a  profile  of  Flavius  Domi- 
tinn  with  the  inscription  flavivs  doml  ; 
and  on  the  other  a  man  on  horseback, 
raising  a  whip  in  his  hand,  inscribed 
homo  et  eqvvs.    Flavius  Domitian  was 
the  second  son  of  Flavius  Vespasian,  who 
reigned  a.  d.  81  to  96,  in  which  year  he 
was  assassinated.   Every  part  of  the  en- 
graving is  distinct  and  perfect,  the  iron 
having  been  preserved  by  the  metal  in 
which  it  is  inclosed. 

FOUNDATIONS  OF  YORK. 

In  excavating  the  street  called  St. 
Andrew-gate  in  York,  within  the  space 
of  30  yards,  immense  numbers  of  bones, 
trunks  of  trees,  &c.  have  been  thrown  up. 
The  bones  consisted  of  those  of  various 
animals,  now  unknown  in  this  country, 
and  the  roots  and  trunks  of  trees  show 
that  the  site  of  this  ancient  city  was  once 
an  immense  forest.  A  curiously  formed 
horse-shoe,  with  ornamental  indentions 
round  its  edges,  was  also  found. 

RELICS  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

In  excavating  the  brow  of  the  hill  in 
Dame  Pugley's  field,  above  Stoke  s-croft, 
Bristol,  the  labourers  have  dug  into  an 
ashes  pit,  on  the  site  where,  in  1645,  stood 
Prior's-hill-fort,  one  of  the  fortifications 
raised  against  the  Protector's  army  under 
Gen.  Fairfax,  then  besieging  Bristol.  In 
this  pit  were  found  numerous  bullets, 
small  measures,  supposed  to  have  been 
used  for  the  purpose  of  charging  muskets 
with  the  proper  quantity  of  powder,  cu- 
riously formed  tobacco-pipes  with  short 
stems,  &c. 


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Antiquarian  Researches. 


CELTIC  ANTIQUITIES  IN  NORMANDY. 

The  tumulus  called  the  Butte  de  St. 
Ouen,  at  Xoyelle  sur  Mer,  Dear  the  mouth 
of  the  Somme,  has  been  opened  by  the 
Society  d'Emulation  of  Abbeville,  and 
six  hundred  skulls  have  been  found  in  it 
piled  up  in  the  form  of  a  cone.  The 
lower  jaws  remained  in  all,  so  thut  it  is 
supposed  they  were  deposited  as  thev  were 
struck  from  the  bodies.  The  tomb  is 
probably  Celtic,  and  the  heads  those  of 
prisoners  or  slaves,  sacrificed  to  the  manes 
of  some  chief.  The  search  is  to  be  con- 
tinued, in  the  hope  of  finding  the  remains 
of  the  elJef,  or  the  rest  of  the  bones  of 
tie  victims. 

AOMAV  COrNS  AND  MED  U.S. 

There  have  been  recently  discovered, 
in  the  village  of  Bony,  in  the  NiCvre, 
12,000  medals  of  different  eras  of  the 
Roman  Emperors.  Some  are  of  silver, 
and  others  of  mixed  metal.  They  are 
none  of  tbem  very  rare,  but  are  curious 
from  their  great  variety.  They  were 
enclosed  in  an  iron  box,  and  are  in  per- 
feet 

preservation. 

In  a  field  atSandrupt,  near  Bar-le-Duc, 
in  the  Meuse,  was  lately  turned  up  a 
large  vase  of  clay,  found  to  contain  l,4o0 
pieces  of  silver,  weighing  together  nine 
pounds  and  a  half.  The  greater  part 
bear  the  effigies  of  Philip,  father  and  son, 
snd  Gordian  ;  but  there  are  also  some  of 
the  Emperors,  Commodus,  Pertinax,  Se- 
verus,  Caracalla  and  Geta,  Heliogabalus, 
Alexander,  Maximinus,  Decius  and  Gal- 
lus.  There  are  likewise  several  of  women, 
M  Otacilln  Etrucilla,  Julia  Augusta, 
Julia  Mauimea,  and  Faustina.  One  only 
is  of  Vespasian.  The  name  alone  re- 
gains, the  rest  of  the  legend  being  effaced 
by  age.  On  the  reverse,  is  the  represen- 
tation of  a  sow.  This  piece,  the  most 
valuable  of  alL  De  rhaps,  from  its  antiquity 
»nd  rarity,  was  unfortunately  cut  in  two 
J  the  silversmith,  in  order  to  ascertain 
that  it  was  silver. 

Some  interesting  discoveries  have  re- 
fenUy  been  made  in  the  commune  of  St. 
«tnii.Chausee,  near  Kheims.  Some 
workmen,  while  digging,  came  to  a  Ro- 
man tomb;  it  contained  a  number  of 
va*es,  m  good  preservation,  and  several 
antique  medals.  The  most  curious  thing 
^covered  was  a  statue  of  Apollo ;  on 
one  side  of  which  was  engraved  the  words 

Memento  mei,"  and,  on  the  other,  Si 
mc  amaa?  basia  me." 

A  storm  lately  opened  to  view,  in  one 


of  the  small  vallevs  near  the  Middle 
Bank  Copper  Works,  Glamorgan,  a  pot 
or  urn  of  Roman  coins,  consisting  of 
Victorinus,  Giiliienus,  Claudius  Gothi. 
cus,  Tetricus,  Tetricus  Cass.  Posthumus 
Quintilius,  Marius,  and  Salouina ;  many 
of  them  in  perfect  preservation.  Mr. 
G.  Francis,  of  Swansea,  has  upwards  of 
130  in  his  possession,  and  it  is  his  inten- 
tion to  deposit  them  in  the  Swansea  Mu- 
seum. The  vessel  containing  them  was 
of  an  oval  shape,  about  8  inches  long, 
4  inches  wide,  and  4  deep;  but  it  was 
unfortunately  broken,  either  by  the  rolling 
stones,  or  the  person  who  first  discovered 
it. 

TOMPEU. 

Professor  Zahn  announces  a  rich  dis- 
covery made  in  the  excavation  of  Pom- 
peii. In  a  house  of  the  Stradu  di  Mer- 
curio,  fating  that  of  Meleager,  a  building 
of  small  importance,  although  decorated 
with  subjects  of  Narcissus  and  Endy- 
mion  painted  on  the  wall,  he  found  14. 
silver  vessels  and  a  quantity  of  coin, 
among  which  were  20  gold  pieces  of  the 
first  empire,  also  two  silver  vases,  five 
inches  in  diameter,  ornamented  with  cu- 
pids  and  centaurs,  with  rustic  and  Bac- 
chanalian emblems. 


A  singular  discovery  has  been  made 
in  the  parish  of  Tinwell,  near  Stamford, 
of  a  large  subterranean  cavern,  sup- 
ported in  the  centre  by  a  stone  pillar. 
The  labourers  of  Mr.  Edward  Pawlett 
were  ploughing  in  one  of  his  fields,  abut- 
ting on  the  road  from  Tinwell  to  Castcr- 
ton,  when  one  of  the  horses'  feet  sank 
into  the  earth,  by  which  the  discovery 
wus  made.  A  more  minute  investigation 
having  taken  place,  it  was  found  to  be 
an  oblong  square,  extending  in  length  to 
between  30  and  40  yards,  and  in  breadth 
to  about  eight  feet.  The  sides  are  of 
stone,  the  ceiling  is  flat,  and  at  one  end 
are  two  doorways  bricked  up. 

In  the  Dissenters*  burial-ground,  De- 
veril  Street,  New  Dover  Road  (at  which 
place  we  have  noticed  the  discovery  of 
numerous  funeral  urns,  and  some  curious 
tjMcula  or  mirrors,  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  nr. 
pp.  82,  303)  a  few  days  since  was  dis- 
covered a  large  vessel  of  imperfectly  baked 
clay,  of  the  amphora  kind,  having  a  pointed 
bottom,  and  being  about  5  feet  in  circum- 
ference :  within  this  vessel  was  placed  a 
sepulcnml  urn.  containing  ashes,  &c.  The 
large  vessel  was  probably  used  for  pouring 
wine  or  other  liquid  on  the  funeral  pile, 
for  extinguishing  the  fire. 


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301 


[Sept. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  I 

House  of  Commons. 
July  27.  The  House  went  into  Com- 
mittee on  the  Irish  Church  Bill,  when 
Lord  Morpeth,  after  intimating  that  the 
fund  for  general  education  would  at  first 
be  necessarily  very  small,  stated,  that, 
to  remedy  the  inconvenience,  it  was  pro- 
posed to  fix  a  charge  of  50,000/.  to  be 
paid  out  of  the  consolidated  fund  from  the 
1st  of  April  1836,  by  warrant  of  attorney, 
for  all  purposes  connected  with  the  edu- 
cation of  different  classes  of  His  Majesty's 
subjects,  without  any  distinction  of  reli- 
gious opinions  — The  committee  then  pro- 
ceeded as  far  as  the  49th  clause — some 
being  postponed,  and  others  amended. 


House  of  Lords. 
July  28.    After  various  petitions  had 
been  presented,  for  and  against  the  Mu- 
nicipal Corporations  Bill,  some  praying 
to  be  hoard  by  counsel  against  the  mea- 
sure,  Vise.  Straugford  moved  that  the 
petitioners  be  heard  by  counsel  at  the  bar. 
—Lord  Melbourne  strongly  opposed  the 
motion,  as  merely  calculated  to  defeat  the 
Bill  by  delay,    tie  implored  their  Lord- 
ships to  go  at  once  into  the  discussion. 
However  firmly  settled  the  power,  privi- 
leges, and  dignity  of  their  Lordships' 
House  might  be,  they  could  not  afford,  in 
times  like  the  present,  to  trifle  with  such 
a  subject  as  the  one  then  under  considera- 
tion.—The  Duke  of  Wellington  said,  that 
the  object  in  wishing  to  hear  counsel  was, 
not  to  delay  the  Bill,  but  to  extend  equal 
justice  to  all  men. — Lord  Brougham  sug- 
gested, that  two  counsel  only  should  be 
heard  against  the  BiU,  and  on  behalf 
of  such  of  the  Corporate  bodies  as  con- 
ceived themselves  aggrieved.— The  Earl 
of  Winchiltca  thought  the  Bill  an  uncon- 
stitutional measure*  which  not  only  de- 
prived bis  fellow-countrymen  of  privileges 
as  dear  to  them  as  those  enjoyed  by  him- 
self, but  also  wholly  altered  the  tenure  of 
property.— Lord  Brougham  suggested  that 
the  Bill  should  be  then  read  a  second 
time  pro  forma,  their  Lordships  not  being 
at  all  pledged  by  such  a  procedure. — After 
6ome  further  discussion,  the  Bill  was  read 
a  second  time,  it  having  been  agreed  that 
counsel  should  be  heard  on  the  following 
Tin  jrsday,  Friday,  and  Saturday,  and  the 
principle  of  the  Bill  discussed  on  the 
motion  for  going  into  Committee. 


House  of  Commons. 
July  29.    On  the  motion  of  Lord  ^for- 

10 


N  PARLIAMENT. 

peth  the  House  went  into  Committee  on 
the  Church  of  Ireland  Bill,  when  the 
various  clauses,  after  some  discussion  and 
slight  amendments  were  adopted. —  On 
the  motion  of  Lord  Morpeth,  the  House 
resolved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the 
whole  House  on  the  money  resolutions. 
— Mr.  Hume,  adverting  to  the  probability 
of  the  Bill  being  lost  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  said  that  half-measures  would  not 
do:  be  recommended  Ministers  to  make 
up  their  minds  as  to  the  course  they  should 
pursue,  make  the  Bill  perfect,  send  it  up 
to  the  Lords,  and  let  them  throw  it  out 
if  they  dared.  -After  some  angry  discus- 
sion between  Mr.  Shaw  and  Mr.  O'Con- 
nelL,  the  resolutions  were  carried. 


House  of  Lords. 
July  30.  The  order  of  the  day  having 
been  read  for  counsel  being  heard  at  the 
bar  against  the  Corporations  Reform 
Bill,  SirC.  Wfthcrell  presented  himself  at 
the  bar,  and,  on  being  asked  for  whom 
he  appeared,  replied  that  he  appeared  pro 
populo  a^uinst  this  dreadful  and  tyrannical 
Bill.  It  was  greatly  against  his  inclina- 
tion that  he  came  forward  at  twenty-four 
hours'  notice  to  defend  such  weighty  inte- 
rests as  those  of  183  Corporations  about 
to  be  destroyed  by  the  Bill.  The  Learned 
Gentleman  then  proceeded  to  address 
their  Lordships  at  great  length,  pointing 
out  with  great  force  and  ability  those  parts 
of  the  Bill  which  he  condemned  as  unjust 
and  oppressive.  His  arguments,  followed 
by  those  of  Mr.  Knight,  on  the  same  side, 
were  continued  for  the  two  following  days. 


In  the  House  of  Commons,  the  same 
day,  the  Attorney  General,  in  reply  to  a 
question  relative  to  the  London  Univer- 
sity Charter,  stated  that,  with  the  sane* 
tion  of  his  Majesty's  Government,  he  had 
prepared  two  charters,  which  he  hoped 
would  be  in  strict  compliance  with  the 
Address  of  that  House,  and  the  gracious 
answer  of  his  Majesty  thereto.    One  of 
tbem  was  to  the  University  of  Ivondon, 
but  not  to  it  as  a  University,  but  as  a 
College,  proposing  it  should  be  called  the 
"London  University  College,"  without 
power  to  grant  academical  degrees,  but 
allowing  them  to  conduct  all  their  affairs 
in  the  same  manner  as  now.    The  other 
was  to  establish  a  Metropolitan  Univer- 
sity, with  power  to  grant  academical  de- 
grees to  all  persons  who  shall  have  studied 
at  the  London  University,  or  at  such  other 


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1835.] 


Proceeding!  in  Parliament. 


305 


similar  institutions  as  bis  Majesty  maybe 
pleased  hereafter  to  grant  charters  to. 

House  of  Lords. 
Aug,  3.    After  the  presentation  of 
several  petitions,  for  and  against  the  Cor- 
porations Reform  Bill,  Lord  Melbourne 
moved  the  order  of  the  day  for  going  into 
committee  on  this  important  measure.  He 
said  that  generally  speaking  the  corporate 
bodies  were  not  suited  to  the  communities 
over  which  they  presided,  and  could  not 
satisfactorily  perform  the  duties  which 
tbey  were  called  on  to  execute.    On  the 
contrary,  their  existence,  as  at  present 
constituted,  gave  rise  to  a  great  many  evils, 
fomented  a  great  many  dangers,  and  stood 
in  the  way  of  a  great  many  benefits  which 
the  public  would  derive  from  an  alteration 
in  the  system.    They  in  general  assumed 
a  political  character,  and  monopolised 
among  themselves  and  their  friends  every 
office  of  trust,  authority,  or  emolument, 
to  the  total  exclusion  or  the  remainder  of 
the  inhabitants,  however  wealthy,  intelli- 
gent, or  respectable.    This  was  a  state 
of  things  which  loudly  called  for  an  altera- 
tion; and,  with  that  view,  the  present 
Bill  had  been  prepared,  its  object  being  to 
remedy  the  evils  of  a  system,  the  effect  of 
which  had  been,  to  exclude  one-half  of  the 
people  from  all  authority,  from  all  power, 
from  having  any  thing  whatsoever  to  do 
with  the  funds  of  corporations,  or  with 
any  of  the  interests  connected  with  those 
boroughs  of  which  they  wece  inhabitants. 
—The  Earl  of  Carnarvon  acknowledged 
that  great  abuses  existed  in  the  Corporate 
bodies,  which  required  a  remedy ;  but  at 
the  same  time  thought  that  the  Bill  ought 
not  to  be  proceeded  with,  without  giving 
the  corporations  an  opportunity  of  dis- 
proving the  allegations  brought  against 
them.    With  that  view,  he  should  move, 
as  an  amendment,  "  That  evidence  be 
taken  at  the  bar  of  that  House  in  support 
of  the  allegations  of  the  several  petitions, 
praying  to  be  heard  against  the  Bill  now 
before  the  House,  before  the  House  goes 
into  Committee  on  the  said  Bill." — The 
Earl  of  Winchilsea  was  friendly  to  cor- 
poration reform  ;  but  objected  to  the  pre- 
sent Bill,  because  it  came  before  them  in 
an  unconstitutional  manner,  founded  on 
the  rsport  of  an  illegal  commission.— Lord 
Brougham,  at  great  length,  defended  the 
legality  of  the  commission  of  Corporation 
Inquiry,  and  opposed  the  amendment  as 
one  which  would  be  fatal  to  the  Bill,  it 
being  evident  that  no  result  could  take 
place  fromhearingevidence — exceptthatof 
spending,  or  rather  mis-spending,  their 
Lordships'  time,  and  frustrating  the  just 
hopes  of  the  people  of  England. — Lord 
Lyndhurst  supported  the  amendment,  con* 

Gixt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


tending  that  no  individuals  ought  to  be 
deprived  of  their  property,— that  which  by 
law  they  were  entitled  to, — unless  pro. 
perly  convicted  of  having  so  far  miscon- 
ducted themselves  as  to  be  no  longer  fit  to 
be  intrusted  with  its  management.  He 
considered  the  commission  on  whose 
report  the  Bill  had  been  founded  as  wholly 
illegal ;  be  called  upon  their  Lordships  to 
stand  on  the  principles  of  justice,  defy 
public  clamour,  act  as  gentlemen  and  as 
nobles  of  the  land,  and  never  mind  the 
consequences.  He  affirmed  of  the  present 
Bill,  that,  under  thje  pretence  and  colour 
of  a  Bill  for  the  reform  of  municipal 
Corporations,  it  was  a  party  job,  intended 
to  supply  the  deficiencies  of  the  Reform 
Bill,  and  to  destroy  the  Conservative 
party  in  the  country,  in  order  that  their 
opponents  might  recover  their  political 
influence.— The  Earl  of  Radnor  opposed 
the  amendment,  which  appeared  to  him 
to  have  no  other  object  but  to  defeat  the 
Bill  by  delay. — Lord  Wharncl\ffc  denied 
that  it  was  intended  to  defeat  the  Bill  by 
delay.  It  was  their  intention,  and  tbey 
were  determined  to  act  up  to  it,  to  see 
justice  done,  by  giving  an  opportunity  to 
those  parties  against  whom  allegations 
were  made,  to  be  heard  before  the  House 
in  reply  to  those  allegations.  His  Lord- 
ship expressed  himself  willing  to  reform 
the  exclusive  system  and  the  principle  of 
self-election  in  corporations ;  but  he  was 
opposed  to  the  present  measure,  con- 
ceiving it  to  be  a  direct  attack  on  the 
prerogative  of  the  Crown— that  it  would 
create  democratic  bodies  throughout  the 
country — and  that  it  would  add  to  the 
power  of  one  branch  of  the  constitution  at 
the  expense  of  the  other. — The  Marquess 
of  Lantdoxene  felt  it  his  duty  to  oppose  the 
amendment,  because,  whatever  might  be 
said  to  the  contrary,  it  appeared  to  him 
that  out  of  their  Lordships*  eagerness 
to  reform  abuses  which  all  admitted  and 
none  denied,  they  would,  whether  they 
intended  it  or  not,  stifle  this  measure  in 
their  embraces,  and  their  amendment 
would  have  the  effect  of  delay,  which 
would  terminate  in  the  defeat  of  the 
measure.— The  Duke  of  Newcastle  ex- 

Eressed  himself  opposed  to  all  reform,  as 
aving  a  revolutionary  tendency,  and 
moved  that  the  Bill  be  read  a  second  time 
that  day  six  months. — The  Earl  of  Hare- 
wood,  although  opposed  to  all  unnecessary 
delay,  should  vote  for  hearing  evidence.— 
Lord  Plunkelt  was  for  going  at  once  into 
Committee.  He  approved  of  the  Bill, 
which  was  founded  on  the  principle  of 
substituting  popular  and  satisfactory,  for 
self-election,  and  of  removing  abuses  that 
were  notorious,  and  adapting  the  corpora- 
tions to  the  wants  and  benefits  of  the 

2  R 


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Proceedings  in  Parliament, 


[Sept. 


community.    Either  let  their  Lordships 
at  once  go  into  Committee,  or  reject  the 
measure ;  but  let  them  not  disgrace  them- 
selves by  the  contemptible  expedient  of 
avoiding  discussion,  and  defeating  the 
question  by  delay. — The  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton bad  been  at  first  disposed  to  go  into 
Committee  on  the  Bill,  in  the  hope  of 
removing  many  of  its  objectionable  quali- 
ties; but  after  having  heard  1  he  learned 
gentlemen  at  the  bar,  he  felt  it  impossible 
to  avoid  arriving  at  the  conclusion,  that 
the  evidence  which  they  tendered  at  the 
bar  of  their  Lordships*  House  ought  to  be 
received. — The  Earl  of  Hijwn  supported 
the  Bill,  although  disapproving  some  parts 
of  the  measure. —  Viscount  Melbourne, 
in  reply,  said  he  felt  that  their  Lordships 
were  wrong  in  hearing  counsel,  and  that 
they  would  be  further  wrong  in  hearing 
evidence.    If,  however,  they  were  deter- 
mined to  hear  evidence,  be  begged  to 
assure  them  that  he  would  not  be  beaten 
by  delay,  that  he  would  go  through  with 
it  from  day  to  day,  let  those  on  the  other 
side  marshal  and  arrange  it  as  they  might 
see  best.    But  no  effort  of  theirs  could 
alter  the  effect  of  hearing  evidence :-— that 
proceeding  on  their  part  would  be  self- 
destructive  and  suicidal. — The  House 
then  divided,  when  there  appeared,  for 
the  amendment,  124;  against  it,  54  j  ma- 
jority against  Ministers,  70. 

Aug.  4.  Their  Lordships  proceeded 
to  receive  evidence  from  the  parties  who 
hud  petitioned  to  be  heard  against  the 
Municipal  Corporations'  Bill.  The  wit- 
nesses examined  appeared  on  the  behalf 
of  Coventry,  Oxford,  Worcester,  Grant- 
ham, Sutton  t'oldfield,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  Leicester;  Lord  Melbourne 
at  the  same  time  strongly  protesting 
against  the  course  which  their  Lordships 
were  pursuing.  The  bearing  of  evidence 
was  adjourned. 

Aug.  5,  6,  7,  8.— The  evidence  on  the 
Corporations  Reform  Bill  was  continued 
for  four  days.  It  was  given  on  the  part 
of  the  officers,  town  clerks,  or  members 
of  the  respective  Corporations  of  Dover, 
Marlborough,  Norwich,  Rochester,  Hen- 
ley-upon- Thames,  Romford,  St.  Alban's, 
Buth,  Sutton  Coldfield,  Arundel,  Lla- 
nelly,  East  Retford.  Boston,  Bedford, 
Poole,  Bridgewater,  Doncaster,  Shrews- 
bury, Hereford,  Alnwick,  and  Liverpool. 

Aug.  II.  After  numerous  petitions 
had  been  presented  on  the  subject  of  Cor- 
porations Reform  Bill,  which  gave  rise  to 
much  desultory  discussion,  the  Earl  of 
Qauricarde  moved  the  second  reading  of 
a  Bill,  the  intent  of  which  was  to  legalise 
Marriages  in  Ireland  between  Protest- 
ants and  Catholics,  solemnised  by  the  Ca- 
tholic Priesthood.— Lord  Carbcry  moved 


that  it  be  read  that  day  six  months.  Th« 
Bill  was  supported  by  Lords  Plunkei  and 
Brougham*  and  the  Bishop  of  Here/ordf  as 
calculated  to  remove  a  great  and  acknow- 
ledged grievance  ;  and  opposed  by  the 
Earls  of  Limerick  and  Wtcklove,  Lord 
Farnham  and  the  Bishops  of  London  and 
Exeter*  on  the  ground,  mainly,  that  it 
would  have  the  effect  of  increasing  the 
power  and  influence  of  an  unfriendly  and 
arrogant  Priesthood.  On  a  division,  there 
appeared — for  the  second  reading,  16  ; 
against  it,  42. 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  the  same 
day,  a  long  and  animated  debate  arose, 
which  had  been  adjourned  from  the  pre- 
ceding day,  on  a  series  of  resolutions 
brought  forward  by  Mr.  Hume,  relative  to 
the  formation  of  Orange  Lodges  in  the 
army,  on  the  subject  of  which  Mr.  Hume 
moved  for  the  appointment  of  a  select 
committee  to  inquire  into  Orange  Lodges 
in  Great  Britain  and  the  Colonies. — Mr. 
Finch  opposed  the  motion,  and  defended 
the  Duke  of  Cumberland  from  the  charge 
brought  against  him  of  having  been  aware 
of  the  existence  of  those  dangerous  socie- 
ties in  the  army,  and  having  sanctioned 
them,  by  issuing  warrants  of  admission 
signed  with  his  own  hand. — Lord  Ebring- 
ton  considered  the  Duke  of  Cumberland 
responsible  for  every  act  done  by  him  as 
Grand  Master  of  the  Orange  Lodges,  and 
cited  official  documents,  from  which  he 
argued  that  it  was  next  to  impossible  that 
the  Noble  Duke  could  be  ignorant  of  the 
existence  of  Orange  Lodges  in  the  Army. 
—  Col.  Vernon*  the  Deputy  Grand  Master 
of  the  Orange  Association,  defended  the 
Institution  from  the  attacks  which  had 
been  directed  against  it. — Lord  John 
Russell  expressed  himself  willing  to  vote 
for  all  the  resolutions,  with  the  exception 
of  those  attaching  blame  to  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland,  for  the  supposed  part  be  had 
taken  in  establishing  Orange  Lodges  in 
the  army.  He  could  not  believe  his 
Royal  Highness  guilty  of  the  charge. 
The  existence  of  these  illegal  societies 
was  dangerous  to  the  peace,  tranquillity, 
and  well-being  of  Ireland,  and,  he  might 
add,  the  seeurity  of  the  Imperial  Crown. 
—Mr.  Spring  Hice  said  that  his  Royal 
Highness  had  admitted  that  he  had  signed 

many"  blank  warrants,  Bnd  there  were 
minutes  of  a  meeting  at  which  his  Royal 
Highness  was  present,  at  w  hich  warrants 
were  issued  to  soldiers.— The  House  then 
divided,  \\hen  there  appeared— tor  the 
motion,  183;  against  it,  40. 


Housf.  of  Lords. 
Aug.  12.    Lord  Melbourue  moved  that 
the  Corporations  Retorm  Bill  should  be 


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1835.] 


Proctedingt  in  Parliament. 


307 


considered  in  Committee,  and  in  so  doing 
spoke  of  the  inconveniences  which  had 
resulted  from  the  resolution  to  hear  coun- 
sel and  examine  evidence  on  the  subject. 
The  witnesses  called  to  their  Lordships' 
bar  were  entirely  involved  in  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Corporations,  whose  re- 
form was  sought  for  by  the  Bill.  They 
were  the  advisers  of  those  Corporations, 
participators  in  all  their  acts,  and  their 
interest  was  materially  affected  by  the 
provisions  of  the  present  Bill.  The 
evidence   was  entirely  ex  parte.  His 
Lordship  then  ably  defended  the  Com- 
missioners  from   the    charges  brought 
against  them,  and  in  conclusion  reminded 
the  House  that  the  feeling  in  favour  of  this 
measure  was  diffused  through  the  whole 
mass  of  the  community.    There  prevailed 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  towns,  where 
the  name  of  a  Corporation  existed,  a  deep, 
rooted  opinion  that  the  present  constitu- 
tion of  those  boroughs  was  an  usurpation 
— a  deprivation  of  rights  which  formerly 
existed,  and  an  encroachment  on  the  more 
popular  form  of  the  Constitution.— The 
Duke  of  Newcastle  moved  that  the  Bill  be 
read  a  second  time  that  day  six  months, 
observing,  that  the  present  measure  had 
for  its  object  spoliation  of  property,  depri- 
vation ox  rights,  and  violation  of  good 
faith.— The  Duke  of  Wellington,  although 
objecting  to  the  Bill  on  many  points, 
should  certainly  vote  for  going  into  Com- 
mittee.   The  great  points  of  the  Bill  to 
which  he  objected  were  the  electing  of 
persons  for  Magistrates  who  had  no  qua- 
lification, and  allowing  those  individuals 
to  exercise  Church  patronage.— The  Duke 
of  Cumberland,  although  strongly  opposed 
to  the  Bill,  could  not  vote  for  the  amend- 
ment— After  some  further  discussion,  the 
amendment  was  withdrawn,  and  the  House 
went  forthwith  into  Committee. 


In  the  House  of  Commons,  the  same 
day,  the  Irish  Municipal  Corporations 
Bill  was,  after  some  discussion,  read  a 
second  time,  and  ordered  to  be  committed. 
— The  Church  of  Ireland  Kf.porm 
Bill  was  read  a  third  time,  and  passed. 
—The  Slave  Compensation  Bill  was 
read  a  second  time,  and  committed. — The 
Ecclesiastical  Revenues  Bill,  the  Tea 
IK'ties'  Bill,  and  the  Imprisonment  for 
Debt  Bill,  were  reported,  and  ordered 
to  be  read  a  third  time  the  next  day. 


House  of  Lords. 

Aug.  13.  The  Irish  Church  Reform 
Bill  was  brought  up  from  the  Commons, 
read  a  first  time,  and  ordered  for  a  second 
feuding  on  the  21st. 

Various  petitions  having  been  presented, 


the  House  went  into  committee  on  the 
Corporations  Reform  Bill.    The  first 
clause  was  agreed  to.    On  the  second 
clause  being  read,  Lord  Lyndhurst,  after 
commenting  upon  the  injustice  of  the 
provision  of  the  Bill,  proposed  the  inser- 
tion of  the  following  addition  to  the 
clause :—  •«  That  the  rights  in  common,  as 
now  enjoyed  by  freemen,  should  not  only 
be  continued,  but  that  they  should  descend 
to  those  that  came  after  them." — The 
amendment  was  supported  by  the  Earl  of 
Haddington,  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  the 
Earl  of  Ripon,  Lord  Segrave,  Lord  Skel- 
mersdafe,  and  the  Marquess  of  Northamp- 
ton; and  opposed  by  Lord  Melbourne, 
Lord  Brougham,  the  Ear!  of  Radnor,  Lord 
Plunket,  and  the  Marquess  of  Lausdovne. 
On  a  division,  there  appeared — for  the 
amendment,  130;  against  it,  37;  majority 
against  Ministers,  93. — Lord  Lyndhurst 
proposed  another  amendment  to  clause  2, 
to  the  effect  u  That  the  rights  of  freemen 
guaranteed  to  them  by  the  Reform  Bill 
should  be  perpetuated." — Lord  Melbourne 
opposed  theamendment,  but  said  he  should 
not  divide  the  House  upon  it ;  and  after 
several  Noble  Lords  had  delivered  their 
sentiments  upon  it,  the  amendment  was 
ad  opted . —  Lord  Lyndhurtt  then  proposed  a 
clause,  which  was  agreed  to,  providing  that 
instructions  be  forwarded  to  the  different 
Town  Clerks,  directing  them  to  make  out, 
before  the  2dth  of  October  next,  a  list  of 
the  persons  now  entitled  to  their  freedom 
in  the  several  boroughs,  and  also  providing 
for  the  future  admission  of  all  who  shall 
become  entitled  to  their  freedom  by  birth, 
marriage,  or  servitude.    Upon  the  boun- 
dary clause  being  read,  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  proposed,  as  an  amendment, 
that  the  boundaries  should  remain  as  they 
were  until  Parliament  should  otherwise 
determine. — After  some  discussion  the 
amendment  was  agreed  to.    Clauses  6  and 
7,  with  some  verbal  amendments,  were 
then  agreed  to. 

Aug.  14.  Their  Lordships  again  went 
into  committee  on  the  Corporations 
Reform  Bill.—  On  the  motion  of  Lord 
Lyndhurst,  the  10th  and  1 1th  clauses  were 
struck  out.  On  coming  to  the  15th  clause, 
Lord  Lyndhurst  moved  an  amendment  to 
the  effect  that  the  voters  in  boroughs 
should  be  divided  into  classes  according 
to  property,  and  that  those  of  the  highest 
class  should  alone  be  eligible  to  hold  seats 
in  the  Borough  Council.  The  amend- 
ment was  supported  by  Lords  Wicklow, 
Devon,  Wharncliffjr,  Haddington,  and  EU 
lenborough,  the  Dukes  of  Wellington  and 
Jlucclcugh,  and  the  Marquess  of  West- 
meath  ;  and  opposed  by  Lords  Brougham, 
Melboum,  Ripon,  Plunket,  Radnor,  Glcnelg, 
and  Lansdovne.     On  a  division,  there 


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303 


Proceeding*  in  Parliament. 


[Sept. 


appeared — for  the  amendment,  180;  against 
it,  39.  The  clauses  up  to  83  were  then 
agreed  to,  with  amendments. 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  the  same 
day,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
brought  forward  the  Budget.    He  stated 
that  in  the  past  year  there  bad  been  a  sur- 
plus of  income  above  the  expenditure  of 
1,205  0004  a  great  part  of  which  would, 
however,  be  required  to  meet  the  extra 
charges  of  the  West  India  Loan  ;  in  the 
present  year,  he  anticipated  a  surplus  of 
835,000/. — a  sum  too  small  to  enable  him 
to  announce  any  great  reduction  of  taxa- 
tion, more  especially  as  a  large  portion 
would  be  again  required  to  meet  the  ex- 
penses of  the  West  India  Loan.  There 
were,  however,  two  or  three  items  of 
taxation  to  which  he  could  extend  imme- 
diate relief.  With  regard  to  spirit  licences, 
it  was  proposed  to  reduce  the  tax  according 
to  vthe  quantity  of  spirits  for  whieh  the 
person  took  out  a  licence.    The  lowest 
quantity  to  be  sold  for  which  a  licence 
should  be  required  was  fifty  gallons.  The 
duty  on  flint  glass  was  to  be  reduced  from 
fid.  to  2d.  per  lb. ;  and  the  duty  on  arbi- 
tration ootids  in  Ireland  below  a  certain 
sum  was  to  be  repealed.     The  Right 
Honorable  Member  added  that  the  great 
resources  of  the  country,  so  far  from  suf- 
fering diminution,  were  increased  so  as  to 
induce  domestic  prosperity,  and  bid  defiance 
to  foreign  aggression.    The  national  ho- 
nour was  placed  on  a  firmer  basis,  and  the 
credit  of  England,  as  compared  with  other 
nations,  raised  to  the  highest  pitch  that 
all  those  who  loved  and  respected  her 
name  at  home  and  abroad  could  wish.— 
A  long  discussion  ensued,  in  which  it 
appeared  to  be  the  prevailing  sentiment, 
that,  with  the  smalt  surplus  at  his  com- 
mand, nothing  could  well  be  more  satis- 
factory than  the  statement  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Member.    A  resolution  to  grant 
13,000,0007.  to  his  Majesty,  to  be  raised 
by    Exchequer    Bills,   and   to  grant 
3,147,000/.  out  of  the  Consolidated  Fund, 
was  then  agreed  to. 


House  of  Lords. 
Aug.  17,  18.  The  House  went  into 
committee  on  the".  Corporations  Reform 
Bill.  On  the  84th  clause  being  read, 
Lord  Lyndhurst  submitted  an  amendment 
that  three-fourths  of  the  common  coun- 
cilmen  should  be  elected  annually,  whilst 
the  remaining  one-fourth  should  hold 
office  for  life,  whether  under  the  name  of 
aldermen  or  of  capital  burgesses.  He 
also  proposed  that  those  who  now  filled 
these  life  offices  should  be  continued  in 
them. — Lord  Melbourne  said  that  he  could 


not  regard  the  amendment  but  as  seriously 
injurious,  if  not  entirely  fatal,  to  the  Bill. 
The  amendment  would  divest  it  of  that 
character  of  popularity  which  was  its  best 
recommendation  to  the  country.— After 
a  protracted  discussion  the  House  divided, 
when  there  appeared,  for  the  amendment, 
186;  against  it,  39. — Lord  Lyndhurst 
proposed  an  amendment  to  negative  the 
clause  which  limits  the  existence  of  the 
office  of  the  present  borough  magistrates 
to  the  1st  of  May,  1836,  and  no  longer. 
— Lord  Brougham  opposed  the  amend- 
ment.   He  was  sorry  to  see  the  knife, 
with  which  the  Noble  and  Learned  Lord 
butchered  the  Bill  last  night,  again  in  his 
hand. —  Viscount  Melbourne  said  that  the 
present  amendment  was  only  a  continua- 
tion of  the  series  of  amendments  which 
had  been  from  time  to  time  brought  for- 
ward by  the  Noble  and  Learned  Lord, 
and  which  effectually  took  away  the  sav- 
ing character  of  the  Bill,  and  rendered  it 
entirely  insufficient  for  the  purposes  in- 
tended by  the  framers  of  it    It  was  not 
bis  intention  to  offer  any  opposition  to 
these  amendments ;  for  seeing  how  their 
Lordships*  House  was  constituted,  such 
opposition  would  be  altogether  useless. 
It  was  indeed  with  bim  a  matter  of  serious 
consideration  whether  he  ought  to  go  on 
with  the  Bill  or  not,  now  that  it  was  so 
mutilated  by  the  amendments  of  the 
Noble  and  Learned  Lord.    The  amend- 
ment was  then  agreed  to. —  On  clause  36, 
having  reference  to  the  division  of  Bo- 
roughs into   Wards,  being  put,  Lord 
Elienborongh  objected  to  it,  inasmuch  as 
when  the  Parliamentary  boroughs  were 
formed  under  the  Reform  Bill,  it  was 
declared  that  no  further  division  should 
take  place  without  the  interference  of 
Parliament.    He  proposed  that  in  towns 
with  a  population  of  from  6000  to  9000, 
there  should  be  two  wards  allotted — in 
towns  having  a  population  sf  between 
9000  and   18,000,   three  wards— from 
13,000  to  18,000  four  wards,  and  so  forth, 
in  order  that  a  town  having  a  population 
varying  from  50,000  to  00,000  might  have 
eight  wards.    The  object  of  his  amend- 
ment was,  that  numbers  and  property,  as 
in  the  town  of  Manchester,  should  be 
fairly  represented.    The  amendment  was 
then  agreed  to  without  a  division. — On 
clause  65  being  put,  which  related  to  the 
licensing  of  ale-bouses,  the  power  of 
which  by  the  Bill  was  to  be  vested  in  the 
town  council,  Lord  WharncUffe  said  be 
thought  they  would  agree  with  him  that 
it  would  be  much  better  to  let  the  law 
remain  as  it  was,  than  to  transfer  the 
power  to  the  council.    He  would,  there- 
fore, move  that  clauses  65  and  66  be 


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1835.] 


Foreign  A  nn. 


309 


omitted,  which,  after  some  opposition, 
was  agreed  to.  The  remainder  of  the 
clauses  were  then  proceeded  with ;  and 
after  several  amendments  had  been  adopt- 
ed, the  House  resumed,  and  the  Bill  was 
ordered  to  be  printed— The  Peace  Pre- 
servation Bill  was  then  read  a  second 
time. 

Aug.  19.  The  West  India  Sl avert 
Compensation  Bill  was  read  a  third  time 
and  passed. 

Aug.  20.  Several  Bills  were  brought 
from  the  Commons,  presented,  read  a 
first  time,  and  ordered  to  be  printed.  The 
Polls  at  Elections  Bill  called  forth 
some  desultory  discussion;  but  it  was 
eventually  read  a  third  time,  and  passed. 

Lord  Melbourne  moved  the  second  read- 
ing of  the  Church  of  Ireland  Bill,  and 
supported  it  at  considerable  length. — 
Lord  Fitzgerald  maintained  that  the  Bill 
whs  calculated  to  destroy  the  reformed 
establishment  of  Ireland,  «nd  rather  than 
consent  to  recognise  a  principle  having 
such  a  tendency,  he  would  submit  to  any 
consequences.  At  the  same  time,  he 
hoped  that  their  Lordships  would  go  into 
the  Committee,  and  there  amend  the  Bill 
so  as  to  improve  the  Establishment,  and 


not  disappoint  the  wishes  and  expectations 

of  the  people  on  this  subject. — The  Earl 
of  Ripon  said  that  he  could  not  support 
the  Bill  in  its  present  form,  though  be 
should  not  resist  its  going  into  Committee. 
— After  some  further  discussion  the  Bill 
was  read  a  second  time  without  a  division. 


In  the  House  op  Commons,  the  same 
day  (as  well  as  the  three  preceding  days) 
the  Members  were  chiefly  occupied  with 
the  subject  of  Orange  Lodges  having 
been  established  in  the  army;  his  Ma- 
jesty having  stated,  in  reply  to  the  resolu- 
tions of  the  House,  that  it  was  bis  firm 
determination  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
such  Societies  in  the  army.  On  the 
motion  of  Mr.  Hume,  Lieut.- Col.  Fair- 
man,  the  Deputy  Grand  Secretary  to  the 
Grand  Orange  Lodge  of  England  had 
been  called  to  the  bar  for  having  refused 
to  produce  the  letter-book  of  the  Lodge  to 
the  Select  Committee  appointed  to  inves- 
tigate the  subject  ;  and  this  day  it  was 
moved  and  carried,  that  Mr.  Speaker  issue 
a  warrant  for  his  apprehension  and  com- 
mittal to  Newgate.  The  House  was 
afterwards  informed  that  Col.  Fair  man 
had  absconded  with  his  books  and  papers. 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

All  France  has  been  thrown  into  con- 
sternation and  sorrow,  by  a  traitorous 
attempt  having  been  made  on  the  life  of 
the  King,  attended  by  the  most  horrible 
and  fatal  consequences.  It  occurred  as 
the  King,  with  his  two  sons  and  a  nume- 
rous staff,  was  proceeding  to  the  grand 
review,  which  took  place  on  the  28th  of 
July,  preparatory  to  the  Three  Days'  fetes 
commemorative  of  the  last  revolution. 
This  diabolical  attempt  was  made  on  the 
Boulevard  du  Temple,  by  means  of  an 
infernal  machine,  placed  behind  a  window, 
by  the  explosion  of  which  his  Majesty's 
horse  was  killed,  but  bis  Majesty,  as  well 
as  the  Princes,  escaped  unhurt.  Marshal 
Mortier,  the  Lieutenant- Colonel  of  the 
8th  legion  of  the  National  Guards,  Colonel 
Rieussee,  and  several  general  officers, 
were  killed  on  the  spot;  and  on  the  oppo- 
site side  several  inoffensive  citizens,  some 
of  the  National  Guards,  and  even  women 
*nd  children  fell  victims  to  this  flagitious 
•ct.  The  Boulevard  was  streaming  in 
blood,  and  several  horses  were  laid  dead 
op  the  scene  of  carnage.  It  was  soon 
discovered  that  the  shots  proceeded  from 
o  mean- looking  bouse,  occupied  by  a 
wine-seller  of  the  lowest  class,  situated 
•t  the  corner  of  a  narrow  alley.  The 
*oom  in  which  the  machine  had  been 


constructed  was  very  small,  its  dimensions 
being  only  six  and  a  half  feet  by  seven. 
The  machine  was  made  of  wood,  with 
iron  braces,  and  extremely  solid.  Two 
uprights  supported  twocross  bars  of  wood, 
placed  parallel  to  the  window,  and  in  these 
were  formed  grooves,  in  which  were  laid 
25  gun-barrels.  The  front  cross  bar, 
placed  at  about  a  foot  from  the  window, 
was  rather  lower  than  that  behind,  so  that 
the  balls  might  reach  the  body  of  a  man  on 
horseback  in  the  middle  of  the  Boulevard. 
The  charge  was  so  heavy,  that  five  out 
of  the  twenty-five  barrels  burst,  notwith- 
standing they  were  very  substantial  and 
new.  By  the  bursting  of  some  of  the 
barrels,  at  the  moment  of  the  explosion, 
the  assassin  was  wounded  in  the  forehead, 
neck,  and  lip ;  and  owing  to  this  circum- 
stance he  was  taken  into  custody,  while 
endeavouring  to  effect  his  escape  by  means 
of  a  rope  from  the  back  of  the  house. 
He  gave  his  name  Girard;  but  it  was 
afterwards  proved  that  bis  name  was 
Fieschi,  a  native  of  Corsica,  who  once 
belonged  to  tbe  guard  of  Murat,  when 
King  of  Naples,  but  was  subsequently 
condemned  to  ten  years'  imprisonment  tor 
stealing  a  cow.  He  has  declared  that  he 
had  no  accomplices  in  the  affair.  The 
official  lists  of  the  killed  and  wounded 
since  published,  present  s  total  of  41,  the 


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310  *  Forei 

deaths  being  14;  and  the  number  of 
wounded,  many  of  them  so  severely  as  to 
have  suffered  amputation,  amounting  to 
27.  Of  the  1 L  killed,  4  only  seem  to 
have  formed  part  of  the  Royul  corflge — 
Marshal  Mortier,  General  de  Verigny, 
Colonel  Raffe,  and  Captain  Villatte ;  and 
of  the  27  wounded,  also  4 — General  Hey- 
rner,  General  Colbert,  General  Pelet,  and 
General  Bun.  The  National  Guard  has 
had  five  of  its  members  killed  and  six 
wounded,  including,  among  the  former, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Rieussec,  of  the  8th 
Legion.  Among  the  killed  also  are  a 
Receiver.general,  aged  72,  a  merchant's 
clerk,  54,  a  labourer,  35,  a  married  woman, 
20,  and  a  little  girl,  14. 

In  consequence  of  the  above  melan- 
choly event,  the  public  fetes  were  sua. 
pended;  and  on  the  5th  of  August  a 
public  funeral  of  the  victims,  according 
to  royal  ordonnance,  took  place  at  the 
Hotel  des  Invalided,  at  which  the  King 
and  his  two  sons  were  present. 

The  most  restrictive  measures  are  now 
in  progress  through  the  Chambers,  in 
consequence  of  this  attempt  on  the  life  of 
the  King.    In  the  detail  of  the  first  mea- 
sure relative  to  the  press,  a  variety  of 
formalities  are  prescribed  in  regard  to  the 
shape,  language,  subject  of  discussion, 
and  publication  of  articles,  by  the  neglect 
of  any  of  which  the  paper  itself  will  be 
liable  to  suppression,  and  its  responsible 
conductors  to  fines  and  imprisonment. 
The  second  measure  is  a  modification  of 
the  jury  law,  under  which  the  jurors  are 
to  vote  by  ballot,  effect  being  given  to  a 
simple  majority,  instead  of  the  two-thirds 
prescribed  by  the  present  law.    The  third 
imposes  restrictions  on  the  sale  of  cari- 
catures, lithographic  prints,  and  engrav- 
ings ;  and  the  fourth  creates  a  penal  set- 
tlement, by  which  political  offenders  may 
be  transported,  instead  of  being  subjected, 
as  at  present,  to  fixed  terms  of  imprison- 
ment. 

The  Court  of  Peers,  in  their  sitting  of 
the  13th  of  Aug.  finally  disposed  of  the 
cases  of  the  Lyonnese  insurgents — seven 
of  whom  were  sentenced  to  transportation 
(imprisonment)  for  life;  two  to  twenty 
years'  imprisonment ;  and  the  others  to 
terms  of  imprisonment  varying  from  one 
to  fifteen  years.  Nine  of  the  prisoners 
were  acquitted ;  and  on  the  cases  of  28, 
who  had  not  surrendered  to  take  their 
trial,  the  Court  has  not  decided. 

SPAIN. 

A  general  spirit  of  insurrection,  dis- 
playing itself  in  the  indiscriminate  slaugh- 
ter of  monks  and  the  destruction  of 
monastic  establishments,  together  with 
demands  for  a  more  popular  form  of 


News.  [Sept. 

Government,  has  broken  out  in  several 
provinces  in  Spain.    Madrid,  Barcelona, 
and  Saragossa,  have  been  the  scenes  of 
violent  commotion,  and  in  many  places 
the  leading  authorities  have  beeu  obliged 
to  go  with  the  movement,  which  they 
were  unable  to  control.    At  Barcelona, 
the  disturbances  commenced  at  the  bull- 
fight, which  took  place  on  the  26th  of 
July.     The  apparent    cause  was  the 
disappointment  of  the  populace  arising 
from  the  pacific  dispositions  of  the  bulls, 
but  the  real  origin  was  doubtless  political 
discontent.    In  a  moment,  the  benches 
were  torn  up,  the  balustrades  forced  out, 
and  the  enormously  massive  rope,  which 
forms  a  barrier  between  the  inner  ring  of 
the  arena  and  the  front  seats,  was  cut  in 
various  places.     Chairs,  benches,  and 
parts  of  the  balustrades  were  hurried 
from  all  parts  into  the  plaza,  and  property 
to  the  value  of  upwards  of  7,000  dollars 
was  wantonly  destroyed.    The  cries  of 
— "  To  the  Convents,  to  St.  Francis's,  to 
the  Carmelites," — were  soon  heard ;  as  also 
"  Death  to  the  Friars  ! "  and  in  less  than 
half  an  hour,  they  had  set  fire  to  one  of 
the  gates  of  the  convent  of  St.  Francis, 
amidst  shouts  of  41  Liberty— Kill  tbem" 
(the  friars).    The  crowd  now  separated 
into  various  divisions,  and  each  headed 
by  leaders  with  their  features  disguised, 
proceeded  towards  other  con  vents.  Those 
of  the  Augustin  friars — of  the  order  of 
the  Trinity — of  Carmelites,  both  shod 
and  barefooted— of  the  Minims  and 
Dominicans,  were  soon  in  flames.  The 
magnificent  churches  of  St.  Augustin  and 
St.  Catherine,  have  nothing  but  the  bare 
walls  standing,  and  the  splendid  libraries 
and  valuable  paintings  have  been  reduced 
to  ashes.    Nearly  fourscore  of  defenceless 
friars  were  also  inhumanly  butchered. 
Many  were  stabbed  even  whilst  under  the 
protection  of  the  military  force.  The 
greater  part  of  the  Franciscan  friars  made 
their  escape  through  a  sewer  which  leads 
from. the  convent  to  the  sea,  and  were 
received  by  the  military  stationed  there. 
Fresh  disturbances  broke  out  on  the  5th 
of  August  at  Barcelona.    General  Bas&a, 
who  had  arrived  on  the  4th  at  the  head  of 
2,000  men,  was  attacked  in  the  very  palace, 
thrown  from  the  balcony,  dragged  through 
the  streets,  and  his  dead  body  thrown  into 
the  flames  of  the  edifices  which  had  been 
set  on  fire.    The  hotels  of  the  civil 
government  and  of  the  police  were  broken 
open.    The  troops  did  not  dare  to  inter- 
fere ;  the  town  was  delivered  up  to  the 
most  complete  anarchy,  to  which  an  end 
was  only  put  by  the  creation  of  a  new 
municipality.    At  length  the  militia  suc- 
ceeded in  subduing  tie  anarchists.  A 
provisional  government  was  eventually 


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1836.] 


Foreign  Nnvt. 


311 


established,  and  their  first  act  was  to 
declare  General  Llauder  a  traitor.  They 
also  declared  their  intention  to  separate 
Catalonia  from  the  kingdom  of  Spain,  and 
to  offer  the  throne  to  the  infant  Francisco 
Paulo. — An  insurrection  also  broke  out 
in  Saragossa  on  the  night  of  Aug.  10. 
Tbe   Constitution  was  proclaimed,  and 
the  Captain  General,  who  refused  joining 
the  people,  was  barbarously  murdered. 
All  the  civic  authorities  were  driven  from 
the  town,  and  a  municipal  Government 
established.    The  military  were  compelled 
to  retreat  into  tbe  mountains,  leaving  be- 
hind them  all  their  baggage. — At  Tarra- 
gona, the  Queen's  Lieutenant  and  the 
Major  of  the  garrison  have  been  massacred. 
Disturbances  have  also  taken  place  in  Ca- 
d'u,  Alicant,  Valladolid,  and  Valentia. 
Id  Cadiz  the  tumult  originated  in  the 
refusal  of  tbe  authorities  to  allow  Riego's 
hymn  to  be  performed  at  the  theatre.  In 
Alicant  the  people  cried  out  in  favour  of 
tbe  Constitution  of  1812.     In  Ciudad 
Kodrigo  the  monks  were  brought  out  of 
the  convents,  and  ordered  to  walk  out  of 
the  town,  but  were  warned  that  if  they 
returned  to  Ciudad  Rodrigo,  under  any 
pretence,  they  would  certainly  be  put  to 
death. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment have  been  adopting  vigorous  mea- 
sures with  regard  to  the  church,  for  the 
double  purpose  of  conciliating  the  people, 
and  adding  to  the  receipt  of  the  Exche- 
quer.   The  Madrid  Gazette  of  the  29th 
July  contain*  a  decree  for  suppressing 
nine  hundred  convents  in  different  parts 
of  Spain,  the  property  of  which  is  to  ba 
applied  towards  the  payment  of  the  debts 
of  the  State!    Thus,  there  have  been 
•oppressed  40  monasteries  of  different 
orders,  138  convents  of  Dominicans.  181 
of  Franciscans,  77  of  barefooted  Friars, 
7  of  Tiercaires,  29  of  Capuchins,  88  of 
Augustine*,  17  of  Recollets,  17  of  Car- 
melites, 48  of  barefooted  Carmelites,  36 
of  Mercenaries,  27  of  barefooted  Mer- 
cenaries, 50  of  St.  John  of  God,  11  of 
Premonitaries,  6  of  Minor  Clerks,  4  of 
Agonisers,  3  of  Servitors  of  Mary,  62  of 
Minims,  36  of  Trinitarians,  and  7  of 
barefooted  Trinitarians.     The  Spanish 
Mini  stry  have  also  suppressed  the  Jesuits, 
snd  confiscated  their  property.    A  royal 
decree  to  this  effect  was  signed  on  the 
*th  of  August.    The  Regent  bos  also 
published  a  decree  for  tbe  abolition  of  the 
Juntas  de  Fe,  or  diocesan  tribunals  for 
the  punishment  of  heresy — the  last  rem- 
nant of  the  Inquisition. 

Meanwhile  the  civil  war  still  rages  in 
u>*  northern  provinces,  without  any  im- 
mediate prospect  of  being  terminated. 

Communications  of  the  14th  of  August 


state  that  the  Carlists  have  commenced 
operations,  no  longer  in  the  mountains  of 
Navarre,  but  on  that  sacred  or  rather  for- 
bidden ground,  Old  Castile.  Don  Car- 
los, who  commands  a  small  division  of 
six  battalions  of  infantry  and  five  squad- 
rons of  cavalry,  on  the  10th  of  Aug.  was  at 
Puerto  Larra,  and  in  the  course  of  that 
day  he  was  joined  by  tbe  cavalry  of  Vil- 
lalobos  and  three  battalions  of  Catalo- 
nians.  About  mid-day  Don  Carlos,  at 
the  head  of  his  column,  crossed  the  Ebro 
and  entered  Old  Castile,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  attacking  the  Christino  division, 
commanded  by  General  Bedoya,  who 
occupied  a  strong  position  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  the  fortified  city  of 
Pancorbo.  After  a  slight  skirmish,  the 
Queen  ites  retreated  under  the  walls  of 
Pancorbo.  On  the  11th  the  Carlists  had 
made  the  necessary  arrangements  for 
attacking  the  town.  Don  Carlos,  it  is 
said,  avows  bis  determination  to  shoot 
all  prisoners  from  the  British  auxiliary 
force,  notwithstanding  the  convention 
with  the  Commissioner,  Lord  Eliot 

TURKEY. 

On  the  10th  July,  the  garrison  of  Scu- 
tari surrendered  the  fortress  into  the  bands 
of  tbe  insurgents.  Hussein  Bey,  tbe 
chief  leader  of  the  rebels,  ordered  the 
garrison  to  be  put  to  the  sword.  Tbe 
Albanian  troops  under  iiaslan  Pacha 
refused  to  act  against  their  countrymen. 
In  Bosnia  also  insurrectionary  movements 
have  taken  place. 

SOUTH  AFRICA. 

The  war  of  the  Caffres  and  the  Colon- 
ists at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  is  now 
brought  to  a  close.  On  the  29th  of  April, 
Hintza,  the  chief  of  tbe  tribe,  with  fifty 
of  his  people,  went  to  the  British  camp, 
and,  after  a  conference  with  the  Gover- 
nor, signed  a  treaty,  whereby  he  engaged 
to  deliver  50  000  bead  of  cattle  and  1000 
horses,  half  immediately,  and  the  other 
half  at  the  end  of  twelve  months — to  com- 
mand, as  chief  of  Western  Caffreland,  all 
the  tribes  under  his  authority  to  cease 
from  hostilities,  and  to  deliver  up  to  the 
British  all  tbe  ammunition  in  their  pos- 
session. The  Kei  River  was  to  be,  in 
future,  the  Western  Boundary  of  Western 
Cuffreland.  Intelligence  to  the  30tb  of 
May,  however,  mentions  tbe  death  of  the 
chief  Hintza,  who  was  shot  in  a  daring 
attempt  to  escape  from  the  escort,  which 
be  had  requested  to  attend  him  in  search  of 
missing  cattle  Tbe  Chief  had  endeavoured 
by  every  means  to  misguide  the  detach- 
ment from  the  districts  where  the  cattle 
were  concealed.  His  son  Oreili,  and  his 
wife  Nomsa,  have  been  recognised  as  his 
successors. 


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312  [Sept. 
DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 

intelligence  from  variocs  parts  in  the  miscellaneous  estimates,  to  defray 

or  thr  country.  half  the  expenses  of  prosecutions  in  Eng. 

July  25.    At  Greenock  a  dreadful  ****         Wales,  at  assizes  and  quarter 

accident  took  place,  occasioned  by  the  sessions,  and  to  defray  the  whole  expense* 

bursting  of  the  boiler  of  the  Earl  Grey  of  th«  conveyance  of  transports.  These 

steamer,  while  she  was  lying  at  the  Steam.  °*ve  °eea  met  hitherto  out  of  the  county 

boat-quay  on  her  way  from  Dunoon  to  rates- 

Glasgow.     The  boiler  was  rent  com-   

pletely  round,  the  roof  forced  up  into  a  London  and  its  vicinity. 
perpendicular  position,  the  upper  flues  Fire*, — A  great  number  of  fires,  un- 
ci riven  into  the  cabin,  and  the  lower  part  usual  at  this  period  of  the  year,  have  of 
of  the  boiler  and  under  flues  removed  from  late  taken  place  in  the  Metropolis  and  its 
their  situation,  blowing  the  deck  com-  vicinity,  attended  by  a  considerable  de- 
pletely  off  from  the  funnel  to  within  eight  struction  of  property.    On  the  night  of 
or  nine  feet  of  the  stern.    The  unfortu-  Monday  the  3d  of  August  a  fire  broke 
nate  persons  standing  on  that  part  of  the  out  in  C barter-house-square,  which  ori- 
deck  were  blown  into  the  air  j  two  of  ginated  in  the  house  of  the  Rev.  C.  W. 
these  fell  upon  the  quay,  both  of  whom  Goode,  and  communicated  to  No.  30, 
died  immediately  after;  the  rest  fell  into  occupied  by  Mrs.  Currie;  and  29,  Mr. 
the  sea.    There  were  about  40  persons  Graville,  clock  and  watch  manufacturer, 
on  board  at  the  time  of  the  explosion.  Nos.  31  and  30  were  utterly  destroyed 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Birmingham  Mu-  with  all  the  furniture  ;  No.  29  escaped 
sical  Festival  Committee,  accounts  of  the  total  destruction,  but  little  more.  In 
late  festival  were  audited  and  passed.  Charter-house-street,  the  bouses  of  Mr. 
The  gross  receipts  amounted  to  13*527/.  Macgregor,  jeweller,  and  Mr.  Solomons, 
3*.  Sd.  and  the  expenses  to  8,03%  4#.  Id.  furrier,  were  destroyed,  and  others  much 
leavings  profit  of  5,469/.  19*.  Id.    Out  injured.    On  the  following  night,  another 
of  this  amount  the  sum  of  1,200/.  has  fire  was  discovered  in  a  hay-loft  belonging 
been  paid  towards  lengthening  the  Town-  to  a  Mr.  Reid,  coach  painter,  Great  Ku- 
Hall  for  the  purposes  of  the  festival,  a  pert-street,  Haymarket.    In  a  very  short 
further  sum  of        15x.  8d.  towards  the  time  the  whole  premises  became  involved 
expense  of  the  organ,  and  the  balance,  in  flames,  which  quickly  communicated  to 
4,036/.  3*.  llrf.  to  the  treasurers  of  the  the  bouses  in  Rupert-street  and  Archer* 
General  Hospital.  street.     The  Plough  publichouse,  in 
Aug.h.    An  explosion  occurred  at  one  Rupert-street,  was  entirely  gutted,  and 
of  the  powder  mills  at  Hounslow,  belong-  Nos.  38,  37,  and  41,  in  the  same  street, 
ing  to  Messrs.  Curtis  and  Harvey.    For-  much  damaged,  besides  several  bouses  in 
tunately  the  accident  happened  during  the  Archer-street.    In  the  course  of  Wed- 
breakfast  hour  of  the  men,  there  being  only  nesday  the  remains  of  one  man,  five 
two  upon  the  works  at  the  time,  both  of  horses,  and  seven  cows  and  calves  were 
whom  were  killed.    The  effect  of  the  dug  out  of  the  ruins.    At  the  very  time 
shock  was  perceptible  for  many  miles  the  fire  was  raging  in  Rupert-street  ano- 
round  the  country.  tber  broke  out  at  Mr.  Henry  Vellum's, 
Part  of  Epping  forest,  called  Wanttead  cabinet-maker,  Cripplegate-huildingSi  and 
Flats,  has,  for  a  considerable  time,  been  another  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  W.  Gor- 
ignited.    On  the  6th  Aug.  it  was  found  don,  water-proof  hat  manufacturer  in  the 
that  upwards  of  25  acres  was  one  solid  Willow-walk,  Lambeth.    On  the  same 
mass  of  fire,  and  that  in  many  places  it  afternoon,  a  fire  occurred  at  Mr.  John 
descended  to  a  depth  of  two  feet  from  the  Davis  b,  undertaker,  Wade's-place,  Hack- 
surface.    The  inhabitants  being  unable  ney-road.    The  next  night  a  public-house 
to  check  its  progress,  made  application  to  at  Barnes  was  utterly  destroyed  by  fire, 
government  for  a  sufficient  number  of  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  23d  of  Au- 
suppers  and  miners  to  dig  a  trench,  so  as  gust  a  most  destructive  fire  broke  out  at 
to  confine  it  within  a  certain  space,  and  Barnet,  in  the  large  tallow  manufactory 
prevent  it  extending  further.    This  was  of  Mr.  Smith,  by  which  many  of  the 
done  without  delay,  and  the  progress  adjoining  buildings,  being  the  principal  in 
of  the  fire  was  arrested.    Wanstead  Flats  the  village,  were  utterly  destroyed, 
is  a  common  over  which  the  inhabitants  2.    This  day  being  the  anniver- 
of  the  neighbourhood  have  a  right  of  pas-  sary  of  the  battle  of  the  Nile,  their  Ma- 
turage  for  cows,  horses,  &c.  and  the  de-  jesties  went  in  state  to  Greenwich  by 
struction  of  such  an  extent  of  it  at  this  water,  accompanied  by  the  Lord  Mayor 
season  of  the  year  has  been  severely  felt,  and  the  civic  authorities  in  their  magiufi- 
The  sum  of  110,000/.  appears  this  year  cent  yachts.    Their  Majesties  partook  of 


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1835.] 


Theatrical  Register. — Promotions,  Sec. 


313 


t  repast  provided  by  Hie  Governor,  Ad- 
miral Sir  Thomas  Hardy,  the  friend  and 
companion  of  Nelson  ;  nnd,  having  in- 
spected tbe  Hospital,  returned  in  the 
afternoon  to  St.  James's. 


THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

ENGLISH  OPERA. 

Ang.W.  Two  new  pieces  w erf" brought 
forward,  one  a  Scotch  opera,  entitled  The 


Covenanters,  and  a  farce  called  Domestic 
Arrangements.  The  music  of  the  first 
was  selected,  and  partly  composed  by  Mr. 
Loder.  Both  productions  were  well  re- 
ceived. 

HAYMARKFT. 

Aug.  18.  A  two.act  farce,  called  My 
luite  Friend,  wns  produced.  It  was  full 
of  humour  and  incident,  and  met  with 
complete  success. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 
Gazette  Promotions. 


Earl  of  Ban  don  elected  a  Representative 
Peer  of  Ireland. 

Earl  of  Cork  and  Earl  of  Howth  to  be 
Knights  of  St.  Patrick. 

Sir  William  Gossett  to  be  Serjeant-at-Arms 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Lieut.  T.  Drun»mood,  R.N.  to  be  Under 
Secretary  of  State  at  Dublin  Castle. 

Jf«v6.  North  Shropshire  Yeomanry  Cav.— 
Hon.  Thos.  Kenyon  to  be  Major. 

July  12.  G.  Birrell,  esq.  to  be  Attorney- 
general  of  the  Bahama  Island*. 

July  20.   John  Molecey  Twigge.  of  West 
Deeping,  co.  Lincoln,  Gent,  to  take  the  name  of 
Molecey,  in  addition  to  his  own,  in  compli- 
ance with  the  last  will  of  his 
John  Molecey,  Gent. 

July  22.    Knighted,  Alex«i«ci  rem 
K.U. "Consul  at  Rotterdam 


nington  House,  Wilts,  in  memory  of  his  ma- 
ternal uncle  tbe  Rev.  John  Freke,  to  take  the 
name  and  arms  of  Freke  only. 

Aug.  18.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  Lord 
Reay  to  rank  as  if  their  father  George  Mackay, 
esq.  had  succeeded  to  the  dignity  of  Baron 
Reay. 

Aug.  19.  John  William  Birch,  esq.  to  be 
Clerk-Assistant  of  the  Parliaments. 

Aug.  21.  Staff,  Lieut.-Col.  Ihos.  Adams 
I*arke,  of  the  Royal  Marines,  to  be  Aide-de- 
Camp  to  the  King. 

■  Edw.  Simpson,  jun.  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Gent,  in  compliance  with  the  last  will  of  the 
Rev.  James  Hicks,  of  Great  Wilbraham,  to 
take  the  name  of  Hicks  onlv,  and  bear  the 
arms  quarterly  with  thoae  of  Simpson. 

ander  Ferrier,  esq.     Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament. 


July  23.  Knighted  at  Dublin,  Lt.-Col.  Clias. 
Routledge  O'Donnell. 

July  24.  Stephenson  Villiers  Surtees,  esq. 
to  be  Vice  President  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  in 
the  Mauritius. 

Jul*  27.  Frind  Cregoe.  esq.  of  Charlton 
King's,  co.  Glouc.  and  Elizabeth  Sarah  his 
wife,  at  the  desire  of  Caroline  Colmore,  spin- 
ster, to  taJfae  the  name  of  Colmore  after  Cregoe. 

Julv  28.  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  K.  Adair,  G.C.B.  to 
a  -perial  mission  to  the  Court  of  Prussia. 

Jul*  30.  Right  Hon.  Charles  Tennyson,  of 
Bay  oh  s  Manor  and  of  Usselby  House,  co.  Lin- 
coln, M.P.  for  Lamlieth,  to  commemmorate  his 
lineal  descent  from  the  noble  family  of  D'Eyn- 
eourt  Barons  D'Eynoourt,  to  take  and  use  the 
surname  and  also  bear  the  arms  of  D'Eynoourt. 

Juiu  31.  98th  Foot,  Major  John  Brown  to  1* 
Major.— Knighted.  Robt.  Chermside ,  esq  .M.I). 

Aug.  3.  Adm.  Lord  Amelius  Beaucberk  to 
be  G.C.B. 

Aug.  4.  Paynton  Figolt,  of  Archer-lodge, 
co.  Southampton,  esq.  pursuant  to  the  will  of 
FJix.  Stainsby,  formerly  of  Southampton-row, 
to  take  the  surnames  and  bear  the  arms  of 
Conant  and  Stainsby. 

Aug.  5.  Knighted,  Capt.  Samuel  Warren, 
K  N  ,  K.C.H. 

Aug.  7.  Scots  Fusileer  Guards,  Lieut,  and 
("apt.  P.  J.  Yorke  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col. 
— 72d  Foot,  Major  ¥.  Hope  to  be  Major.— 7'Jth 
Foot,  Capt.  A.  Forbes  to  1m?  Major. 

Aug.  10.  Rear-Adra.  Charles  Adam  to  be 
K  C  B 

Aug'  15.  Prince  George  of  Cumberland  and 
Prince  George  of  Cambridge  elected  Knights 
of  the  Garter. 

The  brother  and  sisters  of  the  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury to  rank  as  if  their  father  J.  J.  Talbot, 
esq.  had  succeeded  to  the  Earldom. 

Edward  Johnson,  M.D.  to  accept  the  in- 
Bignia^of  a  supernumerary  Knight  of  Charles 

Ang^n^CoU  Henry  John,  CB.  of  Han- 
GufT.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


Carlow  Co.— Thomas  Kavanagh,  esq.  and 
enry^Bruen, esq.  duly  elected,  vice  \ 


» jgors 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Rev.  M.  B.  Beevor,  Hopton  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  G.  Bellett,  St.  Leonard  P.  C.  Bridgnorth, 
co.  Salop. 

Rev.  T.  Biddulph,  St.  Matthew's  P.C.  Kings- 
down,  co.  Somerset. 

Rev.  A.  Briscoe,  Enham  R.  Hants. 

Rev.  J.  G.  Ilussell,  Newark-upon-Treut  V. 
Notts. 

Rev.  T.  Chevalier,  F.sk  P.C.  co.  Durham 
Rev.  W.  Darby,  St.  Benedict's  P.C.  Norwich. 
Rev.  J.  Graham,  Cosgrove  R.  co.  Northamp. 
Rev.  G.   Hadley,  Milborne  St.  Andrew  V. 
Dorset. 

Rev.  W.  Hughes,  Aghalow  R.  co.  Tyrone. 
Rev.  A.  Langton,  Beeston  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  E.  Langton,  Bent  worth  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  VV.  Leigh,  Pulham  St.  Mary's  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  W.  T.  Marychurch,  Sudburn  R.  Norwich. 
Rev.  D.  B.  Mellis,  Church  of  Tealiug,  to. 
Forfar. 

Rev.  G.  O.  Miller,  Kilglass  V.  co.  Roscommon. 
Rev.  E.  C.  Ogle,  Bedlington  V.  Northumberl. 
Rev.  J.  Pedder,  Garstang  V.  co.  Lancaster. 
Rev.  R.  T.  Powell,  WiggenhaU  St.  Mary  V. 
Norwich. 

Rev.  F.  Russell,  Trinity  Church  P.C.  Halifax. 
Rev.  W.  Smith,  St.  Peter's  V.  Worcester. 
Rev.  L.  Steimenson,  Souldern  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  K.  Teltett,  Wenlock  R.  Salop. 
Rev.J.Thorp.ChiselhaniptonandStadhampton 
P.C.  Oxon. 

Rev.  W.  Tyndall,  Kihnactigue  R.  co.  Tuam. 
Rev.  T.  Watson,  Kirmiugton  V.  co.  Lincoln. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Whiteside,  Ripon  P.C.  co.  York. 
Rev.  C.  M.  Wimberley,  Gumphreston  R.  co. 
Pembroke. 

Rev.  T.  M.  Cooke,  Chap,  to  the  Dow.  Baroness 

Le  Despenser. 
Rev.  H.  Joseph,  Chap,  to  the  Bp.  of  Chichester. 

2S 


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314 


Promotions,  $c  —Births  and  Marriages. 


[Sept. 


Civil  Preferments. 

Geo.  Biddell  Airy,  esq.  to  be  Astronomical 
Observator  in  the  Observatory  at  Greenwich. 

Rev.  G.  Maberlev,  Head  Master,  ami  Rev.  C. 
Wordsworth,  Second  Master,  of  Winchester 
School. 

Rev.  J.  Netherwood,  Second  Master  of  Ipswich 
Grammar  School. 


BIRTHS. 

July  5.    At  Maize  Hill,  Greenwich  Park,  the 

wife  of  Stacey  Grimaldi,  esq.  a  dau.  11.  At 

New-st.  Spring-gardens,  Hon.  Ladv  Campbell, 

a  dau.  20.  At  Oxford,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 

Dr.  Faussett,  Margaret  Professor  of  Divinity, 

a  son.  25.  The  wife  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 

S.  Canning,  a  dau.  At  Elv,  the  wife  of  Rev. 

J.  H.  Sparke,  a  son.  26.  At  Ludlow,  the  wife 

of  A.  J.  Nightingale,  esq.  Assistant  Commis- 
sary General,  a  dau.  28.  At  Sledmere,  the 

lady  of  Sir  Tatton  Sykes,  Rart.  a  dau.  At 

Earl's-court,  the  lady  of  Sir  John  Osborn,  Bart. 

a  dau.  At  Brickworth,  the  Risrht  Hon. 

Countess  Nelson,  a  son.  30.  At  Cheltenham, 

the  wife  of  Major  North,  a  dau^ — At  Blyth 
Hall,  Warw.  the  wife  of  W. 


M.P.  a  son. 


S.  Dugdale,  esq. 


Lattlg.  At  Carnarvon,  the  wife  of  Arch- 
deacon Be  van,  a  son. 

Aug.  1.  At  Charleville,  the  seat  of  the  Earl 
of  Rathdowne,  Ireland,  Ladv  Frances  Isabella 

Cole,  a  dau.  2.  At  Swerford,  Oxfordshire, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  T.  Roe,  a  son.  At 

Burton  A  trues,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  C.  II.  Lut- 

widgc,  a  son.  1.  The  wife  of  Sir  C.  C.  Pepys, 

Master  of  the  Rolls,  a  son.  5.  In  Cum- 
berland-terrace, Regent's-park,  the  wife  of 

Lieut. -Col.  Ashworth,  a  dau.  7.  At  Hors- 

monden,  Kent,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Win.  M. 

Smith  Marriott,  a  son.  At  Denby  Grange, 

the  lady  of  Sir  John  L.  Kaye,  Bart,  a  dau.  

9.  At  Chester  Terrace,  Regent's  Park,  the  wife 
of  W.  Ryves,  of  Ryves  Castle,  co.  Limerick, 
esq.  a 


MARRIAGES. 
.Tutu  14.    At  St.  James's,  Sir  W.  R.  P. 
Geary,  Bart.  M.P.  of  Oxtonheath.  Kent,  to 
Louisa,  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Chas.  A.  Bruce. 

 18.  At  the  Ambassador's  Chapel,  Paris, 

Thurston  B.  Caton,  esq.  son  of  the  Rev.  R.  B. 
Caton,  of  York-street,  Pmtman-sq.  to  Marie- 
Ix)uisc  Esther,  dau.  of  Col.  de  St.  Rose,  late 
Chief  de  1'Etat  Major  *  Paris.  21.  At  Lich- 
field, the  Rev. G.  Hamilton,  Ministerof  Christ's 
Church,  Bloomsbury,  to  Lucy,  dau.  of  H. 

Chinn,  e*q.  of  Lichfield-close.  22.  At  Bram- 

ley,  the  Hon.  Francis  Scott  to  Miss  Boulthee. 

 23.  At  Pyworthy,  the  Rev.   C.  Baring 

Gould.  Rector  of  Lew  Trenchant,  to  Mary 

Anne  Tanner.  At  St.  Bride's,  Lieut.-Col.  J. 

J.  Mackintosh,  to  Thalia  Eliza,  widow  of  Capt. 

John  May  ne.  24.  At  Seaford,  Sussex,  C.  E. 

Wylde,  Esq.  to  Jane,  widow  of  the  late  Col. 

W.  D.   Knox,  of  Edinburgh.  23.  At  St. 

Marylebone,  the  Rev.  E.  Fanshawe  Glanville, 
to  Mary  Ann.  widow  of  the  Rev.  F.  Chas. 
Spencer,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Scrope  Ber- 
nard Morland,  Bart.  At  Islington,  R.  Mon- 
t-urn Hume,  esq.  of  Cumberland-terrace,  Re- 
gent 's-park.  to  Martha,  third  dau.  of  the  late  H. 

Moss,  esq.  of  Stockwell.  28.  At  Chipstead, 

Surrey,  Sir  Tho.  Buchan  Hepburn,  liart.  of 
Smeaton,  Haddingtonshire,  to  Helen,  voungcst 

dau.  of  Arch.  Little,  esq.  of  Shobden  Park.  

At  Sudbury,  Sidney,  son  of  the  late  John  Bil- 
ling, esq.  of  Stoke  Newington,  to  Isabella,  2d 

dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Fowkc.  At  St. 

George's,  Hanover-sq.  J.  Gurdon,  esq.  to  Lady 
Ormsby  Rebow,  widow  of  the  late  Sir  T. 


Ormsby,  Bart,  and  only  child  of  Lieut. 

S.  Rebow,  of  Wivcnhoe-park.  At  Mu, 

the  Rev.  R.  Wedgwood,  to  Catharine  Fanny, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Offley  Crewe.  At 

East  Carlton,  Norfolk,  Rev.  Geo.  Kinjr,  Rector 
of  St.  LawTcnce,  Norwich,  to  Eli*,  dau.  of  the 

late  J.  Steward,  esq.  29.  At  St.  George's, 

Hanover-sq.  J.  F.  Baillie,  esq.  to  Anne,  dau. 
and  heiress  of  the  late  Col.  J.  Baillie,  esq.  to 
Anne,  dau.  and  heiress  of  the  late  Col.  J. 

Baillie,  of  Leys,  M.P.  At  Heavitree.  the 

Rev.  J.  Leyborne  Popham,  Rector  of  Chilton 
Foliot,  Wilts,  to  Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  R.  I*. 

Sanders,  esq.  of  Stoke  Hill,  near  Exeter.  

30.  At  Trinity  Chun-h,  Marylebone,  H.  New- 
combe,  esq.  of  Upper  W  impole-street,  to 
Cecilia,  third  dau.  of  Sir  W.  Wake,  Bart,  of 

Courtecn  Hall,  Northamptonshire^  30.  At 

St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.  Bdw.  St.  John  Miid- 
mnv,  e*q.  son  of  the  late  Sirll.  Mildmay,  Bart, 
to  Frances,  dau.  of  the  late  Edw.  Lockwood  Per- 

cival,  esq.  At  Ciapham,  the  Rev.  S.  Hird, 

of  Ringwood,  Hants,  to  Eliz.  dau.  of  P.  Bed- 
well,  esq.  At  Greenwich,  Major  J.  Wood,  to 

Fanny  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 

Burney.  31.  At  Cheltenham,  the  Rev.  Sir 

Edwin  Windsor  Bayntun  Sandys,  to  Mary 
Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  S.  Meryweather,  esq. 
of  Grovefield. 

Aug.  1,  At  St.  Geonre's,  Hanover-sq.  Fred. 
Barou  de  Parbuk,  to  Miss  H.  (dolman,  dau.  of 

the  late  Col.  E.  Colmau.  At  Sh  infield,  near 

Reading,  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Talbot,  to  Mary  Eliz. 
3d  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Sir  Wm.  Ponsonbv, 

K.C.B.  At  Fulhara,  Edw.  Villiers,  esq.  to 

the  Hon.  Eliz.  Charlotte  Liddell,  youngest  dau. 

of  Lord  Ravensworth.  1.  At  St.  Pancras 

Church,  the  Rev.  D.Jackson,  to  Margaret,  dan. 
of  M.  Davis,  esq.  of  Burton,  Westmoreland. 

 4.  At  Petersham,  Capt.  G.  S.  Deverill,  16th 

lancers,  to  Anne  Spencer,  dau.  of  G.  C.  Julius, 

M.D.  of  Richmond.  At  Bromham,  the  Rev. 

Geo.  Wells,  to  Augusta,  fourth  dau.  of  the 

late  Rev.  Dr.  Starky,  of  Snye  Park,  Wilts.  

At  Corsham,  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Applegate,  to  Eliz. 
Jemima,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Bartley, 

of  Bristol.  At  Lamerton,  Devon,  the  Rev. 

Wm.  (Viwlard,  to  Sarah  Philis  Clode,  widow  of 

Capt.  E.  Kelly,  lateSlst  Regt.  5.  At  Bav  field, 

Ross-shire,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Hughes,  to  Marga- 
ret Sutherland,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Col. 
Mackenzie,  of  Royston,  and  sister  of  Sir  Alex! 

Mackenzie,   Bart.  5.   At  Marston  Sicca, 

Gloucestershire,  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Inge,  to  Mari- 
anne, eldest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  Ryley,  esq.  of 
Hertford  House,  near  Coventry.  At  Dor- 
stone,  Herefordshire,  the  Rev.  T.  Powell,  son 
of  Col.  Powell,  of  Hantwick,  to  Clara,  3d  dau. 

of  the  Rev.  T.  Prosser.  6.  At  St.  Pancras 

Church,  the  Rev.  H.  Deedes  Wilmot,  Vicar  of 
Kennington,  Hants,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  Chas. 

Turner,  esq.  A.R.A.  At  Measham,  the  Rev. 

W.  T.  Sandys,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Beverley, 
to  Cath.  Eliz.  only  <lau.  of  the  late  W.  Wooton 
Abney,  Esq.  of  Measham  Hall,  Derbyshire. 

 11.  At  Hartley  Wesnatl,  Hants,  the  Rev. 

J.  Chapman,  Rector  of  Dun  ton,  Essex,  to 
Frances,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Keate. 

 At  Marylebone,  Oswald  Mosley,  esq. 

eldest  son  of  Sir  Oswald  Mosley,  liart.  M.P. 
to   Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  Gen.  Brads  haw. 

 At  St.  George's,  Bloomsbury,  the  Rev.  W. 

Holmes,  Rector  of  West  Newton,  Norfolk,  to 
Jemima,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Chas 

Flower,  Bart.  At  Leslie  House,  Martin  kl 

Haworth,  esq.  60th  Rifles,  to  the  lady  Mary  R* 

Leslie,  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Rothes.  is.  At 

AH  Souls,  St.  Marylebonn.  Chas.  Broughton 
Bowman,  esq.  to  Augusta  Josepha,  dau.  of  the 

lateLieut.-Col.  Kirkman.  AtTaplow,  Burks. 

II.  Buckland   Ixrtt,  esq.  of  Tracey  House 
Devon,  to  Caroline  Vansittart,  eldest  dau  of 
the  Rev.  B.  Neale. 


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1835.] 


315 


OBITUARY. 


Marshal  Mortibr,  Due  de  Treviso. 

July  28.  At  Paris,  shot  dead  by  the 
discharge  of  fire-arms  aimed  at  the  King, 
(as  described  in  the  Foreign  News  of  our 
present  number,)  in  his  66th  year,  Mar- 
shal Mortier,  Due  de  Treviso. 

Edward  Adolphus  Casimir  Joseph 
Murder  was  the  son  of  a  merchant,  who 
represented  the  tiers-etat  of  Cambresis  at 
the  States- General,  in  1789.  He  was 
originally  brought  up  in  his  father's  pro- 
fession, and  quitted  his  station  as  clerk  in 
a  mercantile  counting-house  at  Dunkirk, 
in  1791,  to  serve  in  the  first  battalion  of 
volunteers  of  the  Department  of  the 
North,  in  which  he  was  at  once  received 
with  the  rank  of  Captain.  Having  dis- 
tinguished himself  on  various  occasions, 
he  was  made  an  Adjutant-general  in  1793. 
His  first  command  as  a  general  officer  was 
at  the  attack  of  a  fortress  of  St.  Pierre. 
In  1796,  he  had  the  command  of  the  ad- 
vance-guard of  the  army  of  the  Sambre- 
et-Meuse,  then  under  the  orders  of 
General  Lefevre.  On  the  31st  of  May 
of  the  same  year,  he  attacked  the  A  us- 
trims,  defeated  them,  and  drove  them 
beyond  the  Archer.  During  the  whole 
of  the  war  which  was  closed  by  the  treaty 
of  Campo- Formio,  General  Mortier  was 
actively  engaged,  and  invariably  successful 
in  every  enterprise  with  which  he  wa9 
entrusted.  In  the  campaign  of  1799,  he 
had  again  the  command  of  the  advance- 
guard.  His  services  in  that  station  were, 
in  a  great  measure,  conducive  to  the  suc- 
cess of  the  French  arms,  and  to  the  high 
opinion  that  Napoleon  conceived  of  bis 
military  talents.  It  was  General  Mortier 
whom  Napoleon  sent,  in  1803,  at  the 
head  of  his  first  expedition  to  Hanover. 
The  whole  of  the  military  operations 
were,  on  the  part  of  the  trench  army, 
directed  by  General  Mortier,  and  the  re- 
sult was  the  memorable  Convention  of 
Suhlingen,  by  which  the  Electorate  of 
Hanover  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
French.  On  his  return  to  Paris,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  command  of  the  artillery 
of  the  Guard  ;  and  in  1804  he  was  raised, 
with  other  officers  of  superior  merit,  to 
the  rank  of  a  Marshal,  and  decorated  with 
the  grand  cross  of  the  newly  instituted 
order  of  the  Legion  of  Honour. 

In  the  campaigns  of  1805  and  1806, 
General  Mortier  was  at  the  head  of  one 
of  the  divisions  of  the  grand  army,  com- 
manded in  chief  by  Napoleon  in  person. 
The  greatest  feat  of  arms  ever  achieved 
by  any  French  troops  fell,  during  this 
war,  to  the  lot  of  a  corps  of  4,000  com- 
manded by  Mortier.    Having  fallen  in 


with  the  whole  of  the  Russian  army,  led 
by  Kutusoff,  and  forced  to  accept  battle 
or  lay  down  his  arms,  Mortier  fought  with 
a  valour  and  superiority  of  tactics  which 
allowed  sufficient  time  for  considerable 
reinforcements  to  come  to  his  aid.  This 
affair  gave  great  celebrity  to  Mortier's 
name  throughout  the  French  army  and  in 
France.  His  fellow-citizens  at  Cam- 
bray  wished  to  raise  a  public  monument 
in  that  city  in  memory  of  his  action  with 
Kutusoff;  but  Mortier  positively  refused 
to  allow  it. 

It  was  Marshal  Mortier  who  captured 
Hamburgh,  at  the  close  of  1806.  On 
that  occasion  he  displayed  a  rancorous 
hostility  against  every  thing  that  was 
English,  which  greatly  surprised  all  who 
had  any  knowledge  of  his  early  life.  In 
his  younger  days  he  had  lived  a  good  deal 
in  Scotland;  and  the  counting-house  at 
Dunkirk,  where  be  received  his  commer- 
cial education,  was  that  of  an  English 
merchant.  His  intimacy  and  intercourse 
with  natives  of  this  country,  of  which  he 
spoke  the  language  fluently,  had  been 
such,  that  few  would  believe  it  was  in 
pursuance  of  orders  issued  from  himself 
that  the  whole  of  the  British  residents 
in  Hamburgh  were  thrown  into  prison, 
and  every  particle  of  British  property  was 
confiscated. 

In  1808,  he  was  raised  to  the  imperial 
dukedom  of  Treviso,  receiving  at  the 
same  time  a  'dotation,'  attached  to  the 
title,  of  100,000 francs  (4,000/.)  per  ann., 
payable  out  of  the  crown  domains  of 
Hanover.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say, 
that  he  lost  this  income  at  the  peace  of 
1814. 

Soon  after  the  opening  of  the  Spanish 
war,  he  was  sent  to  Spain,  where  he  co- 
operated with  several  successivecommand- 
ers-in-chief,  and  fought  the  battleof  Ocana, 
which  he  and  his  countrymen  have  claimed 
as  having  been  won  by  the  corps  under 
his  immediate  command.  Subsequently 
he  accompanied  Napoleon  to  Russia;  and 
it  was  to  him  that  the  hazardous  under- 
taking of  blowing  up  the  Kremlin  at 
Moscow  was  intrusted.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  whole  of  this  and  the 
subsequent  campaigns  under  Napoleon, 
up  to  the  peace. 

During  the  earlier  part  of  the  reign  of 
Louis  XVIII.  Marshal  Mortier  spent 
his  time  in  Paris,  apparently  little  de- 
sirous of  figuring  in  the  military  or  po- 
litical world.  In  1816,  however,  he  was 
appointed  commandant  of  the  loth  milU 
tary  division,  the  seat  of  which  is  Rouen; 
and  soon  niter  he  was  elected  by  his 


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3 1  fi       Obituary.—  Earl  of  Waldegrave.—  Bishop  of  Ferns.  [Sept. 


native  department  of  the  North,  member 
of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  in  which  he 
sat  till  1819,  when  he  was  raised  to  the 
peerage.    In  1834,  on  the  resignation  of 
Marshal  Soult  of  the  Presidency  of  the 
Council  and  the  Ministry  of  War,  the 
whole  ministry  being  then  disjointed,  and, 
much  against  the  wish  of  the  King,  on  the 
eve  of  dissolution,  Marshal  Mortier  was 
solicited  by  Louis- Philippe  to  accept  the 
offices  which  Marshal  Soult  bad  given 
up,  he  being  the  only  individual  at  the 
moment  with  whom  the  other  members 
of  the  Soult  administration  were  willing 
to  remain  in  office.    The  marshal  yielded 
with  extreme  reluctance  to  the  wishes  of 
the  King :  be  knew  that  politics  were  not 
his  element ;  and  soon  after,  at  the  minis- 
terial council  table,  as  well  as  on  the 
ministerial  benches  in  the  two  legislative 
chambers,  he  felt  that  he  was  not  in  his 
proper  place.    The  remarks  and  jokes  of 
the  press  about  his  silence  in  the  cham- 
bers, and  his  inactivity  as  a  minister, 
however    goodnaturedly   expressed,  at 
length  drove  the  Duke  de  Treviso  to  the 
positive  resolution  of  withdrawing  for 
ever  from  the  ministerial  career.  One 
morning  in  the  early  part  of  February, 
therefore,  he  waited  on  the  King,  placed 
his  act  of  resignation  in  the  royal  hands, 
and  gave  his  Majesty  to  understand  thut 
his  resolution  to  withdraw  was  not  to  be 
changed. 

Mortier  is  among  the  few  of  Napo- 
leon's generals  whose  reputation  for  in- 
tegrity and  private  worth  has  remained 
unquestioned  through  life.  Though  not 
very  popular,  owing  to  a  natural  stiffness 
in  his  manners,  not  more  habitual  among, 
than  agreeable  to,  the  French,  he  was 
always  spoken  of  with  respect,  and  to  the 
last  day  of  his  existence  he  has  enjoyed 
the  undivided  esteem  of  bis  countrymen. 

At  the  public  funeral  of  the  victims  on 
the  28tb  of  July,  his  pull  was  supported 
by  Marshals  Grouchy,  Gerard,  and  Mo. 
lilor,  and  Admiral  Ihiperro. 


The  Eabi.  of  Waldegrave. 
July  30.  At  his  seat.  Strawberry  Hill, 
Middlesex,  aged  50,  the  Right  Hon.  John- 
James  Wal  dog  rave,  sixth  Earl  of  YYulde- 
grave  and  Baron  Waldegrave  of  Chewton, 
co.  Somerset  (1686),  and  the  tenth  Vis- 
count Chewton  (1729J,  seventh  Baronet 
(I6i3). 

His  Lordship  was  born  July  30,  1785, 
the  second  son  of  George  the  fourth  Earl, 
by  his  cousin-german  Lady  Elizabeth. 
Laura  Waldegrave.  eldest  daughter  of 
James  the  second  Earl,  and  Maria 
second  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Walpole, 
K.B.,  and  afterwards  Duchess  of  Glou- 
cester. 


He  succeeded  to  the  Peerage,  June  29, 
179*,  on  the  death  of  his  elder  brother 
George,  who  was  drowned  in  the  Thames, 
near  Eton.  Having  been  educated  at  Eton, 
with  his  brother,  he  entered  the  army  as 
Ensign  in  the  3d  foot-guards  in  1802,  be- 
came Lieutenant  in  March  1804,  and  im- 
mediately exchanged  to  the  7th  dragoon*, 
was  promoted  to  a  Company  in  1805,  the 
rank  of  Major  in  1808,  and  a  Majority  in 
the  72d  foot  the  same  year;  exchanger! 
to  the  15th  dragoons  in  1800;  was  ap- 
pointed Lieut.-  Colonel  of  the  54tb  foot  in 
1812,  and  was  subsequently  on  the  half- 
nay  of  the  98th  foot.    He  served  in  the 
Peninsula   aud  in   Flanders,  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  He 
retired  from  the  army  some  years  ago, 
and  had  latterly  very  iH-heulth.    We  be- 
lieve he  was  for  a  short  time  one  of  the 
Lords  of  the  Bedchamber,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  reign. 

The  Earl  of  Waldegrave  succeeded  to 
Horace  Walpole's  villa  and  cabinets  of 
bijouterie,  on  his  mother's  death,  in  Jan. 
1816;  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Darner,  Lord  Or- 
ford's  immediate  legatee,  having  resigned 
it  to  her  ladyship  in  1810.  Lord  Walde- 
grave  authorized  the  publication  of  Me- 
moirs of  James  Earl  Waldegrave  (ht» 
grandfather),  from  1754  to  1758,  4to. 
1821 ;  and  of  Horace  Walpole's  Memoir* 
of  the  last  Ten  Years  of  the  reign  of 
George  the  Second,  2  vols.  4*o.  1822. 

His  Lordship  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  Mr.  William  King,  of  Hastings ;  aud 
by  her,  who  survives  him,  he  has  left  issue 
bis  heir,  born  in  1816,  two  other  sons, 
and  two  daughters;  his  third  son,  the 
Hon.  William.  Arthur  Waldegrave,  died 
on  infant,  in  1821. 


Da  Elbincton,  Bishop  of  Ferns. 

July.  At  Liverpool,  on  his  road  from 
Dublin  to  London,  the  Right  Reverend 
Thomas  Ellington,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of 
Leigblin  and  Ferns,  M.R.I.  A.  &c.  &c. 

Mr.  Ellington  obtained  a  scholarship  in 
the  University  of  Dublin  in  1778;  and  in 
1781  was  elected  Fellow.  In  1794  be 
became  the  first  Donnelan  Lecturer, 
elected  on  the  foundation  of  Mrs.  Anne 
Donnelan,  of  the  parish  of  St.  George, 
Hanover-square,  in  the  county  of  Mid- 
dlesex, spinster.  That  lady  had  be- 
queathed to  Dublin  College  the  sum  of 
1,243/.  for  the  encouragement  of  religion, 
learning,  and  good  manners ;  the  jiarticu- 
lar  mode  of  application  being  intrusted  to 
the  Provost  and  Senior  Fellows  ;  who  by 
their  resolution  of  22d  Feb.  1794,  esta- 
blished a  lectureship  of  six  sermons,  to 
be  delivered  in  the  college  chattel,  after 
morning  service  on  certain  Sundays ;  the 
lecturer  to  be  elected  annually  from  among 


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1835.] 


Obitlart. — Lord  Middleton. — Lord  Suffitld. 


317 


the  Fellows  of  the  College  :  the  subject 
of  the  lectures  to  be  determined  by  the 
Board ;  one  copy  of  the  lectures  to  be 
deposited  in  the  library  of  the  College ; 
one  in  the  library  of  Armagh ;  one  in  the 
library  of  St.  Sepulchre;  one  to  be  given 
to  the  Chancellor  of  the  University;  and 
one  to  the  Provost  of  the  College.  The 
subject  of  Dr.  Ellington's  lectures  was, 
u  The  proof  of  Christianity  derived  from 
the  miracles  recorded  in  the  New  Tesa- 
ment."  Which  lectures  were  printed  in 
Dublin,  in  8vo.  1796,  together  with  the 
Act  Sermon,  which  be  preached  Nov.  15, 
1795,  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity. 

In  1795  he  was  chosen  Professor  of 
Mathematics  ;  and  on  the  25th  Dec.  1806, 
he  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Ard- 
trea,  in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  and  dio- 
cese of  Armagh. 

In  1811,  be  was  raised  to  the  highest 
rank  a  literary  man  can  attain  in  Ireland, 
by  being  appointed  Provost  of  Trinity 
College:— a  situation  which  he  tilled  for 
several  years  with  the  highest  credit  to 
himself,  and  advantage  to  those  whose 
interest  and  welfare  it  was  his  happy  lot 
to  promote.  In  the  year  1820,  he  was 
consecrated  Bishop  of  Limerick ;  and  he 
was  translated,  in  1822,  to  the  see  of 
Leighlin  and  Ferns. 

Dr.  Ellington  published  an  edition  of 
Euclid,  enlarged  by  Notes,  which  is  now 
the  text  book  in  the  Dublin  University, 
and  throughout  Ireland.  He  also  pre- 
sented the  literary  world  with  a  valuable 
edition  of  Juvenal,  illustrated  by  Notes, 
critical  and  explanatory.  These  publi- 
cations alone,  independent  of  Doctor  El- 
lington's numerous  polemical  writings, 
would  be  sufficient  to  hand  down  his  name 
to  posterity  as  a  scholar  of  the  highest 
order. 

His  publications  of  the  latter  descrip- 
tion were,  Reflections  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  Milner  as  the  political  agent 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Clergy  of  Ireland, 
1809,  8vo. 

The  Clergy  of  the  Church  of  England 
truly  ordained,  1809,  8vo. ;  and  some 
otber  pamphlets. 

In  all  the  relations  of  life,  Bishop  El- 
rington  was  a  most  exemplary  man :  and 
if  in  any  capacity  he  exceeded,  it  was  as  a 
warm  patron  of  struggling  merit. 

He  arrived  in  Liverpool  from  Ireland 
on  Wednesday,  July  ,  by  one  of  the 
Dublin  steam-packets,  on  his  way  to  Lon- 
don, on  business  connected  with  the  Irish 
Church  Bill.  On  his  arrival,  he  became 
an  inmate  of  the  Waterloo  Hotel,  where 
he  expired  on  the  Sunday  following.  His 
body  was  conveyed  back  to  Dublin,  and 
deposited  in  the  vaults  of  Trinity  College. 


On  its  arrival  at  the  College  gate,  a 
procession  was  ready  to  receive  it,  con- 
sisting of  the  Provost,  Vice  Provost, 
Senior  and  Junior  Fellows,  &c.  The 
service  was  read  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Todd, 
and  a  Latin  eulogium  pronounced  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  McDonnell,  Professor  of  Ora- 
tory. The  funeral  was  attended  by  the 
Bishop  of  Kildare;  and  a  vast  body  of  the 
clergy  and  several  private  gentlemen  fol- 
lowed the  coffin,  anxious  to  pay  this  tri- 
bute of  respect.  A  portrait  of  Bishop 
Ellington  was  painted  in  1820,  by  Thos. 
Foster,  for  his  brother,  Major  Elrington, 
of  the  Tower. 

According  to  the  Irish  Church  Tempo- 
ralities Act,  the  Bishopric  of  Ferns  is  one 
to  which  the  Bishopric  of  Ossory,  had  it 
become  first  vacant,  was  to  be  united :  but 
Ferns  itself  being  first  vacant,  the  Bishop 
of  Ossory  becomes,  by  virtue  of  the  Act, 
Bishop  of  Ferns. 

Lord  Middleton. 

June  10.  At  his  seat,  Wollaton  House, 
co.  Nottingham,  aged  74s  the  Right  Hon. 
Henry  WiUoughby,  sixth  Lord  Middle- 
ton,  of  Middleton,  co.  Warwick  (1711), 
and  the  seventh  baronet  (1677),  hereditary 
High  Stewardxif  Sutton  Coldfield. 

His  lordship  was  born  April  24,  1761, 
the  only  son  of  Henry  the  fifth  Lord,  by 
Dorothy,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  George 
Cartwnght,  esq.,  of  Ossington,  Notts; 
and  succeeded  his  father  June  li,  1800. 

Lord  Middleton  was  not  a  public  cha- 
racter, but  took  a  lively  interest  in  rural 
sports  and  occupations.  A  capital  print 
has  been  recently  published  representing 
him  in  his  park,  with  his  favourite  pony 
and  ten  spaniels  before  him.  It  is  mez- 
zotinted by  William  Gillet,  from  a  paint- 
ing by  Charles  Hancock,  and  measures 
about  30  inches  in  width  by  20  in  height. 
His  lordship  married,  August  21,  1793, 
Jane,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Robert 
Lawley,  the  fifth  Baronet,  of  Spoonbill, 
co.  Salop,  and  sister  to  the  late  Lord 
Wenlock  and  the  present  Sir  Francis 
Lawley ;  but  by  that  lady,  who  survives 
him,  he  had  no  issue.  The  title  has  con- 
sequently devolved  on  his  cousin  Digby 
WiUoughby,  a  Commander  R.  N.,  grand- 
son of  the  Hon.  Thomas  WiUoughby, 
second  son  of  the  first  Lord  Middleton. 
The  present  peer  was  born  in  1769,  and 
is  unmarried.  He  has  a  brother,  Francis, 
also  a  bachelor;  after  whom,  the  next  in 
succession  to  the  title  is  Henry  Wil- 
loughbv,  esq.  of  Settrington  House, 
Yorkshire. 


Lord  Suffield. 
July  6.  At  Vernon-house.  Park-place, 
in  his  5Hh  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Edward 


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318 


Obituary.-— Lord  Suffield, 


[Sept. 


Harbord,  third  Lord  Suffield,  of  Stiftii'ld 
in  Norfolk  (1786),  and  the  fourth  Baro- 
net (1746-6). 

His  Lordship  was  born  Nov.  10,  1781, 
the  third  and  youngest  son  of  Sir  Har- 
bord Harbord,  the  first  Lord  Suffield,  by 
Mary,  daughter  nnd  coheiress  of  Sir  Ralph 
Assbeton,  of  Middleton,  co.  Lancaster, 
Part,  and  sister  to  Eleanor  Countess  of 
Wilton. 

Being  a  younger  son,  he  was  bred  to 
the  bar.  in  early  life  he  moved  in  the 
highest  circles  of  fashion,  and  was  distin- 
guished for  the  polish  of  his  manners,  the 
energy  of  his  character,  and  his  skill  in 
manly  exercises :  he  was  the  fastest  run- 
ner among  his  associates,  with  the  excep- 
tion perhaps  of  Lord  Frederick  Beau- 
clerk.  The  same  courage  and  enthusiasm 
which  led  to  the  pursuit  of  such  plea- 
sures, was  early  turned  to  the  service  of 
his  country.  In  1806  he  was  returned  to 
Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Great  Yar- 
mouth; which  borough  he  represented 
till  1813.  •  In  1820  he  was  elected  for 
the  borough  of  Shaftesbury,  which  he 
continued  to  represent  until  his  accession 
to  the  peerage. 

He  went  abroad  under  Lord  Castle- 
reagh's  administration,  on  a  mission  which 
partook  both  of  a  public  and  private  na- 
ture, and  he  executed  his  task  with  fide- 
lity and  discretion.  That  Minister  offer- 
ed him  his  Private  Secretaryship;  but 
the  appointment  did  not  take  place. 

In  1819  he  first  appeared  as  the  advo- 
cate of  liberal  measures,  on  the  occasion 
of  a  public  meeting  held  at  Norwich,  to 
petition  for  a  parliamentary  inquiry  into 
the  transactions  at  Manchester.  There 
was,  at  that  time,  a  large  party  of  his 
friends  and  political  connexions, assembled 
at  Blickling,  the  seat  of  his  brother,  in- 
cluding among  others  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington and  Colonel  Wodebouse :  but 
their  most  earnest  entreaties  and  remon- 
strances were  unavailing ;  and,  as  he  hud 
previously  determined,  be  made  his  ap- 
pearance on  the  hustings,  where  he  spoke 
in  favour  of  the  inquiry,  professing,  at 
the  same  time,  an  entire  independence  of 
party.  A  very  serious  disagreement  with 
his  family,  and  very  large  pecuniary  sa- 
crifices, were  the  consequences  of  the  de- 
cision manifested  by  him  on  this  occa- 
sion: hut  that  decision  corresponded  with 
the  whole  course  of  his  political  life;  in 
which  be  always  evinced  a  determina- 
tion resolutely  and  conscientiously  to  fol- 
low in  the  path  in  which,  according  to 
his  clearest  convictions,  his  public  duty 
led  him. 

While  he  sat  in  Parliament,  as  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Commons,  he  ap- 
plied himself  sedulously  to  the  discharge 


of  the  duties  of  that  high  trust ;  and, 
among  other  important  services,  under- 
took to  frame  a  Bill  for  the  better  disci- 
pline of  Prisons ;  a  subject  to  which  he 
had  given  great  attention,  and  on  which 
he  published  a  valuable  tract  entitled 
u  Remarks  respecting  the  Norfolk  County 
Goal,  with  some  general  observations 
on  the  subject  of  Prison  Discipline; 
addressed  to  the  Magistrates  of  that 
county,"  8vo.  pp.  59,  1822. 

Lord  Suffield  was  principally  instru- 
mental in  the  enactment  of  the  improved 
law  (4  Geo.'  IV.  c.  64.)  for  the  manage- 
ment of  prisons. 

To  him  also  the  British  public  is  in- 
debted for  the  abolition  of  Spring  Guns. 

He  also  published  «*  Considerations  on 
the  Game  Laws,"  8vo,  pp.  107.  1824. 
( See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xciv.  part  t.  p.  3.52  ) 
This  pamphlet,  which  was  written  with 
considerable  power,  and  in  a  spirit  of 
the  most  enlightened  benevolence,  pro- 
duced a  great  impression  at  the  time  of 
its  publication,  and  contributed  to  that 
amendment  of  the  Laws  which  shortly 
afterwards  took  place  on  this  subject :  for 
there  is  great  reason  to  believe  that  His 
Majesty's  Ministers  were  convinced  by 
the  facts  and  arguments  contained  in  his 
pamphlet,  and  stimulated  by  bis  urgent 
application  to  them,  to  take  up  the  ques- 
tion, after  it  had  failed  in  so  many  other 
bands. 

He  was  also  amongst  the  most  zealous 
and  unwearied  friends  of  the  Abolition  of 
Slavery ;  in  the  promotion  of  which  great 
national  measure  he  greatly  distinguished 
himself,  as  will  be  hereafter  more  parti- 
cularly stated. 

In  the  year  1821,  having  succeeded  his 
brother,  who  had  died  without  i*sue,  in 
the  family  title  and  estate,  he  quitted  the 
House  of  Commons.  On  his  retiringfrom 
the  representation  of  Shaftesbury,  his  late 
constituents  voted  him  a  gold  snuff  box, 
the  expense  of  which  was  defrayed  by  a 
subscription  of  not  more  than  a  guinea 
from  each  contributor ;  and,  notwithstand- 
ing that  he  had  been  introduced  to  this 
borough  on  the  Grosvenor  interest,  which 
had  then  the  ascendancy,  he  received  this 
public  testimony  of  his  constituents'  ap- 
probation of  his  independent  and  stainless 
conduct  in  Parliament,  at  the  suggestion 
of  the  opoonmts  of  that  interest 

Upon  his  succession  to  the  peerage,  he 
went  to  reside  in  Norfolk ;  where  be  ap- 
plied himself,  with  characteristic  enthu- 
siasm, to  the  duties  of  bis  new  station, 
comprehending  those  of  an  extensive  land- 
holder. He  rebuilt  and  repaired  the  farm- 
houses and  cottages  on  the  Suffield  estate, 
adding  portions  of  land  to  each;  and  so 
improved  the  property  that  there  are  now 


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1835.] 


Obituary.— Lord  Suffield. 


319 


few  villages  in  England  which  can  be 
compared  with  those  on  that  estate  for 
neatness  and  comfort.    He  enlarged  the 
already  spacious  family  mansion,  and  its 
park ;  into  which  he,  for  the  first  time, 
introduced  deer. 

The  magistrates  of  this  county  having 
resolved  to  appoint  him  their  chairman 
of  sessions,  tie  devoted  a  considerable 
portion  of  bis  time  to  the  business  of 
that  anxious  and  responsible  office ;  in 
the  discharge  of  which,  during  that  part 
of  the  year  which  he  spent  in  the  county, 
he  was  courteously  accessible  to  all  per- 
sons, and  rarely  declined,  when  an  appli- 
cation was  made  to  him,  to  render  service 
to  any  individual  to  the  utmost  of  bis 
power. 

With  the  view  of  promoting  among  the 
young  men  of  the  county,  friendship  and 
harmony,  by  frequent  intercourse  and 
personal  acquaintance,  Lord  Suffield  in- 
stituted the  Norfolk  Cricket  Club,  in. 
viting  the  members  of  that  club  annually 
to  play  a  match  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Gunton,  the  place  of  his  Lordship's  resi- 
dence. On  those  occasions  be  opened 
his  halls  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood, giving  balls  and  entertainments, 
and  rural  sports,  to  all  persons  in  the  vi- 
cinity. The  coverts  of  his  ample  estate 
ul«o  afforded  sport  for  bis  large  ac- 
quaintance in  the  shooting  season  ;  and 
his  house  was  filled  with  sporting  visitors 
from  the  months  of  November  till  Fe- 
bruary. 

Lord  Suffield  was  peculiarly  attentive 
to  his  duties  as  a  Christian ;  his  reli- 
gion, the  result  of  full  conviction,  being 
at  the  same  time  unaccompanied  by  super- 
stition or  vain  ostentation.  He  indeed 
officiated  as  Chaplain  in  his  own  family, 
daily  reading  prayers  to  bis  household, 
and  affording  to  its  members  all  other 
necessary  means  of  religious  instruction  : 
attentions  to  the  interests  of  his  inferiors 
in  rank,  which,  together  with  many  private 
acts  of  benevolence  towards  those  around 
him,  will  occasion  his  memory  to  be  re- 
garded with  lasting  veneration  and  regret. 

On  the  great  subject  of  Colonial  Slavery, 
Lord  Suttield's  services  were  of  the 
highest  order;  he  had  been  one  of  the  best 
friends  of  the  negro  race,  and  a  steady 
supporter  of  their  cause  in  its  infancy. 
When  be  entered  the  House  of  Lords,  the 
British  slave  trade  was  legally  abolished, 
and  in  procuring  its  abolition  Mr.Wilber- 
furee  hud  laid  a  foundation  for  the  ulti- 
mate abolition  of  slavery;  nevertheless, 
had  the  friends  of  that  cause  then  aban- 
doned it,  many  years  might  have  elapsed 
ereits  final  triumph;  for,  Air.  Wilberforce 
having  retired  from  public  life,  soon  after 
the  final  abolition  of  the  trade  in  1811, 


the  subject  was  fust  losing  its  hold  upon 
the  attention  of  the  public,  on  which  alone 
the  final  success  of  the  cause  evidently 
depended. 

Anxious  to  secure  that  success,  a  few 
of  the  determined  friends  of  abolition,  in- 
cluding Lord  Suffield,  watched  the  course 
of  events,  and  at  length,  in  182*2,  resolved 
to  reagitate  the  question  of  West  India 
slavery  in  Parliament,  and  to  demand  its 
extinction,  not  only  as  a  measure  of  national 
justice,  but  of  Christian  consistency:  sla- 
very having,  in  their  judgment,  proved  it- 
self to  be  an  evil,  inconsistent  equally 
with  the  principles  and  forms  of  our  free 
constitution,  and  with  Christian  doctrine ; 
and  in  fact  having  shown  itself  in  its  true 
character  as  a  monstrous  anomaly  and 
national  disgrace. 

When  the  subject  came  before  the  House 
of  Lords,  Lord  Suffield  found  but  few 
members  of  that  House  who  were  in  the 
least  degree  accordant  with  him  in  his 
views  of  it ;  and,  accordingly,  when  bills 
came  up  from  the  Commons,  which  were 
connected  with  the  project  of  ultimate 
abolition,  they  were  subjected  to  strict 
examination  and  revision  before  com- 
mittees of  the  Upper  House.  These  com- 
mittees were,  for  the  most  part,  composed 
of  peers  who  bad  possessions  in  the  West 
Indies,  which  connected  them  with  the 
system  ;  but,  as  a  matter  either  of  policy 
or  courtesy  to  Lord  Suffield,  the  only 
known  abolitionist,  he  was  admitted  on 
those  committees  ;  where  consequently  he 
stood  alone  on  every  question  which  was 
brought  under  their  discussion.    He  ne- 
vertheless availed  himself  of  the  opportu- 
nity and  means  which  his  position  afforder1 
him,  to  collect  and  elicit  such  evident » 
as  would  throw  light  on  the  evils  of  sla 
very,  and  dispel  the  mist  which  self-inte- 
rest had  thrown  over  the  whole  subject. 
His  situation  in  these  committees,  so 
peculiar  and  isolated,  subjected  him  to 
excessive  toil,  and  not  unfrequently  to 
painful  disappointment  and  mortification  ; 
but  his  firmness  and  decision  never  for- 
sook him.    Had  it  not  been  for  his  pa- 
tience in  scrutinizing  evidence,  the  country 
would  again  have  been  deluged  with  such 
a  flood  of  plausible  Jahcfiood  and  perjured 
opinion,  as  to  have  retarded  the  progress 
of  emancipation,  not  for  another  session 
only,  but  perhaps  for  another  century ;  and, 
even  if  the  cause  had  triumphed  in  the 
Commons,  it  would  have  been  most  diffi- 
cult, in  the  teeth  of  conflicting  evidence, 
and  of  strong  unrefuted,  though  false,  state- 
ments before  the  Lords,  to  have  turned 
that  triumph  to  practical  account. 

At  length  Lord  Suffield's  health  ap- 
peared to  be  sinking  under  the  toil  and 
anxiety  of  this  most  arduous  service  j  of 


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320  OMT\:AKY.—UrdSuffiM.^HonM.BarringtontCapt.U.N.  [Sept. 


which  the  tnie  character  will  be  better 
estimated  when  it  U  known  that,  not  hav- 
ing a  single  ally  in  the  parliamentary  com- 
mittees, it  was  left  to  himself,  alone,  to 
take  rapid  notes  of  all  that  passed;— to 
prepare  himself  from  them  for  the  further 
cross-examination  of  witnesses;  and  thus 
to  check  all  the  irregularities  and  to  ex- 

f>ose  the  many  inconsistencies  of  the 
riends  and  advocates  of  slavery.  For 
three  hours  together  he  would  be  required 
to  persevere  in  this  irksome  task,  in  the 
face  and  in  defiance  of  even  the  taunts, 
gibes,  and  sneers,  as  well  as  of  the  fre- 
quent interruptions,  by  which  it  was  at- 
tempted to  force  him  out  of  the  path  of 
duty;  and  this  laborious  service  devolved 
on  him  almost  daily:  the  hours  of  night 
being  often  the  only  portion  of  his  time 
left  to  him,  which  he  could  devote  to  the 
examination  of  the  evidence  received,  and 
to  a  preparation  for  further  encounters. 

But  the  anti-slavery  cause  finally  tri- 
umphed j  a  victory  was  obtained ;  and  the 
labours  of  Lord  Suffield  and  the  other 
friends  of  the  cause  were  crowned  with 
complete  success:  and  those  who  were 
most  intimately  acquainted  with  the  details 
of  the  conflict,  are  now  most  ready  to  ac- 
knowledge the  important  assistance  which 
bis  Lordship  gave  to  the  great  cause,  and 
to  confess  that  its  ultimate  success  in  the 
Upper  House  of  Parliament  proves  how 
much  may  be  accomplished,  under  cir- 
cumstances even  of  the  greatest  difficulty, 
by  the  resolute  and  consistent  exertions 
of  a  single  man.  It  was  there  emphati- 
cally a  triumph  of  principle  over  custom 
and  prejudice  ;  of  a  sound  policy  over  that 
which  was  sordid  and  indefencible ;  of 
truth  over  error ;  and  of  benevolence  and 
humanity  over  insupportable  cruelty  and 
oppression. 

Towards  the  close  of  this  important 
discussion,  a  schism  arose  among  the 
friends  of  the  anti-slavery  cause;  the  one 
party  expressing  a  desire  to  limit  their 
exertions  to  conciliatory  measures  alone, 
the  other  inclining  to  the  agitation  of  the 
public  mind.  Lord  Suffield,  in  the  sin- 
cerity which  marked  his  character,  expres- 
sed his  strong  inclination  to  favour  agita- 
tion within  all  constitutional  limits ;  but 
he  frequently  attended  the  Committees 
of  both  parties,  in  order  that  he  might,  if 
possible,  beal  the  breach,  and  prevent  a 
collision  between  them,  which  could  not 
but  have  proved  a  cause  of  triumph  to 
their  enemies.  In  this  he  was  happily 
successful. 

His  Lordship  was  not  distinguished  as 
a  public  speaker;  nor  was  it  his  ambition 
to  be  so  distinguished:  his  aim  appears 
to  have  been  to  render,  by  means  equally 
powerful  although  with  less  of  observa- 
12 


tion,  efficient  service  in  the  promotion  of 
good  objects.  To  these  he  gave  not  only 
all  the  weight  of  his  influence  and  exam- 
ple as  a  man  of  rank,  but  his  personal 
exertions,  and  the  energies  of  his  strong; 
mind.  The  measures  in  which  he  more 
particularly  employed  himself  were  such 
as  promised  relief  and  benefit  to  the  poor  ; 
and  exactly  in  proportion  as  the  objects 
of  bis  attention  were  poor  and  friendless, 
in  exactly  that  proportion  were  his  ex- 
ertions in  their  behalf  persevering  and 
indefatigable.  It  was  this  predilection 
which  connected  him  with  prison  disci- 
pline, secondary  punishments,  general 
education,  and  last,  though  not  least  in 
importance,  with  Xepro  Slavery  :  on 
which  he  had,  at  one  time,  all  but  ex- 
hausted the  powers  of  an  athletic  frame, 
and  the  energies  of  a  strong  mind. 

Lord  Suffield  was  twice  married;  first 
Sept.  19,  1809,  to  the  Hon.  Georgians 
Venables- Vernon,  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  George  2d  Lord  Vernon,  and 
niece  to  the  Archbishop  of  York ;  by  her 
Ladyship  who  died  Sept.  30,  1824.  he 
had  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  His; 
Lordship  married  secondly,  Sept.  12, 
1826,  Emily,  daughter  of  the  late  Evelyn 
Shirley,  Esq.  of  Eatington  Hall,  War- 
wickshire, by  whom  he  has  left  a  daugh- 
ter and  five  sons,  and  who  was,  at  the 
time  of  bis  decease,  in  expectation  of  a 
still  further  increase  of  family. 

His  Lordship  is  succeeded  in  bis  title 
and  estates  by  his  eldest  son,  the  Hon. 
Edward  Vernon  Harbord,  now  Lord 
Suffield.  born  in  1813. 

Lord  Suffield's  death  ensued  from  an 
accident  which  occurred  some  days  be- 
fore. As  he  was  riding  down  Consti- 
tution-hill, on  his  way  to  the  House 
of  Lords,  his  horse  stumbled  and  fell, 
threw  his  Lordship,  and  rolled  over  him. 
On  examination,  it  was  found  that  the 
injury  his  Lordship  had  received  was 
confined  to  the  fracture  of  one  rib  only, 
and  strong  hopes  were  entertained  of  his 
speedy  recovery;  but  after  a* long  con- 
finement it  terminated  fatally.  His  body 
was  taken  for  interment  to  the  family 
vault  at  Gunton  in  Norfolk. 

It  has  been  observed  that  a  horse  seems 
to  be  fatal  to  the  family;  for  that  an  an- 
cestor of  Lord  Suffield,  John  Harbord, 
when  returning  from  shooting,  in  his  80th 
year,  was  killed  on  the  spot,  by  his  poney 
setting  his  foot  into  a  rabbit-burrow,  and 
falling,  within  a  few  hundred  paces  of  the 
house.  T.  F. 


Capt.  Hon.  George  Baerikgton,  R.N. 

June  2.  In  Addison  Road,  Kensington, 
aged  40,  the  Hon.  George  Barrington, 
Captain  R  N. ;  Cu  rait  or  and  Steward  of 


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1835.]         Obituary.— Admiral , 

the  Halmotes,  of  the  County  Palatine  of 
Durham  ;  next  brother  to  Lord  Viscount 
Barrington.  and  son-in-law  to  Earl  Grey. 

He  was  born,  November  20,  1794,  the 
second  son  of  the  Right. -Hon.  and  Rev. 
George  fifth  Viscount  Barrington,  Pre- 
bendary of  Durham,  (and  nephew  to  the 
late  munificent  Bishop  of  that  see,)  by 
Elizabeth,  second  daughter  of  Robert 
Adair,  Esq.,  and  grandaughter  of  William 
second  Earl  of  Albemarle. 

He  was  made  a  Lieutenant  Alay  16, 
1814;  appointed  to  the  Sianey  sloop, 
September  16th  following,  and  to  the 
Liverpool,  50,  in  1818.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Commander  Dec. 
7,  in  the  .alter  year,  and  appointed  to  the 
Parthian  sloop,  Feb.  15,  1823.  He  at- 
tained post  rank  March  27,  1826. 

On  the  15th  Jan.  1827,  Capt.  Barring- 
ton  married  Lady  Caroline  Grey,  third 
daughter  of  Earl  Grey ;  on  whose  acces- 
sion to  the  ministry,  in  1830,  be  was  no- 
minated a  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

At  the  first  election  for  the  new  borough 
of  Sunderland,  in  Dec.  1832,  Capt.  Bar- 
rington  was  returned  one  of  the  Members, 
by  the  following  poll : 

Sir  William  Chaytor,  Bart.  669 

Capt.  Barrington   493 

David  Barclay,  Esq  383 

William  Thompson,  Esq.  363 
The  fatigue  and  excitement  of  that  election 
bad  a  fatal  effect  on  his  health.  After  a 
very  short  time  he  was  obliged  to  retire, 
and  bis  family  and  political  connexions 
had  the  mortification  to  see  Alderman 
Thompson,  bis  lately  defeated  opponent, 
returned  in  his  room. 

By  Lady  Caroline,  Capt.  Barrington 
has  left  two  children,  the  survivors  of  five : 
1.  Charles- George,  born  in  1827 ;  2. 
Augustus,  died  1831;  3.  George- Wil- 
liam, died  1833;  4.  a  daughter,  died  an 
infant;  and  5.  Mary,  born  1833. 


Admiral  Sir  R.  Moorsom,  K.C.B. 

May  14.  At  his  seat,  Cosgrave  Priory, 
near  Northampton,  in  his  75th  year,  Sir 
Robert  Moorsom,  K.C.B.  Admiral  of 
the  Blue. 

He  was  tbe  second  son  of  Richard 
Moorsom,  Esq.  of  Airy- Hall,  near  Whit- 
by, an  extensive  shipowner,  and  a  magis- 
trate for  Yorkshire.  Having  received  an 
excellent  education  under  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Holmes,  at  Scorton,  in  that  county,  he 
spent  some  time  on  board  one  of  his 
father's  ships;  and,  about  the  age  of 
seventeen,  entered  the  royal  navy.  He 
served  as  a  midshipman  under  Captain 
Phipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mulgrave,  in 
the  Ardent  and  Courageous;  and  in  the 
latter  ship  bore  part  in  the  battle  off 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


><>  R.  Moorsom,  K.CB.  321 

Ushant,  the  relief  of  Gibraltar,  and  other 
important  services. 

After  passing  bis  examination  for  a 
lieutenancy,  be  went  with  Commodore 
Sir  John  Linzee  to  tbe  Mediterranean, 
and  was  appointed  first  to  the  Sphinx, 
and  afterwards  to  the  Thetis,  which, 
having  been  employed  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelugo,  and  at  Athens,  returned  to 
England,  and  was  paid  off  in  1786. 

In  the  following  year,  Lieutenant 
Moorsom  joined  the  Ariel  sloop,  intended 
for  the  East  Indies,  to  examine  the  Ben- 
gal coast,  and  report  on  the  practicability 
of  refitting  ships  there.  He  was  specially 
employed  in  several  surveys  on  the  coast 
of  Pegu  and  Sumatra,  and  the  neighbour- 
ing islands,  and  manifested  u  peculiar  fit- 
ness for  the  employment.  Having  at 
length  resigned  his  command,  from  ill- 
health,  he  returned  to  England  in  May, 
1791,  and  found  he  had  been  made  a  post- 
Captain  in  tbe  preceding  November. 

When  the  war  of  1793  broke  out, 
Captain  Moorsom  was  appointed  to  the 
Niger  frigate,  and  sent  to  ascertain  tbe 
enemy's  force  at  Brest,  which  he  satisfac- 
torily accomplished.  Shortly  after  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Astrea  frigate,  in  which 
he  proceeded  to  Elsineur,  and  brought 
home  the  Baltic  convoy. 

In  1804,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Ma- 
jestic, 74,  and  joined  Admiral  Russell, 
off  the  Texel.  In  April  1805,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Revenge,  74,  and  was 
attached  to  the  Channel  fleet,  under  Ad- 
miral Cormvallis;  by  whom  he  was  sent, 
in  Sir  R.  Caldcr's  squadron,  to  re-inforce 
Lord  Collingwood  off  Cadiz,  where  they 
were  joined  shortly  afterwards  by  Nelson : 
then  came  tbe  ever  memorable  day  of 
Trafalgar. 

In  order  to  give  every  scope  to  indi- 
vidual exertion.  Nelson  made  the  signal 
for  each  ship  to  close  her  opponent  in  the 
line  as  quickly  as  possible.  Captain 
Moorsom's  plan  was  decided  in  a  moment. 
Instead  of  following  in  the  team,  he 
instantly  hauled  out  of  the  line  of  battle, 
and,  marking  bis  antagonist,  steered  di- 
rectly for  ber,  pouring  a  tremendous  raking 
fire  into  each  of  the  enemy's  ships  as  he 
cut  their  line,  to  grapple  with  his  oppo- 
nents muzzle  to  muzzle. 

The  Prince  of  Asturias,  of  1)2  guns, 
bearing  an  admiral's  flag,  and  four  other 
ships,  appeared  to  form  a  corps  de  reserve 
to  leeward;  and  for  two  hours  Captain 
Aloorsom  was  engaged  with  these  ships  ; 
Gravina,  in  the  three-decker,  on  one  side, 
a  French  74  on  the  other,  and  the  remain- 
ing three  firing  at  him,  how  and  when  they 
could.  The  Africa,  which,  being  in  Nel- 
son's division,  bad  run  the  gauntlet  along 
tbe  enemy's  line,  now  approached  to  his 


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322   Obituary.— Sir  A.  Mucdowall,  K.C.B.—Lt.-Gen.Powell.  [Sept. 


support,  and  the  rear  of  Collingwood's 
line  being  at  land,  Gravina  and  bis 
squadron  at  length  bore  round  up  out  of 
the  fight,  without  having  been  aetually 
engaged  with  any  other  ship  but  the  Re- 
venge. The  seienee  and  seamanship 
evineed  by  Captain  Moorsom  in  the 
mode  of  carrying  his  ship  into  action, 
were  no  less  conspicuous  on  this  occasion 
than  the  cool  resolution  with  which  he 
attacked  so  superior  a  force ;  and  it  has 
been  truly  observed,  that  in  this  decisive 
victory  Captain  Moorsom  bore  a  most 
distinguished  and  active  part. 

A  t  the  funeral  of  Nelson,  Capt.  Moor- 
som  bore  the  great  banner.  In  1806,  he 
resigned  the  command  of  the  Revenge, 
and  in  1807  was  nominated  private-secre- 
tary to  Lord  Mulgrave  (brother  to  his 
former  commander),  who  was  appointed 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty.  Captain 
Moorsom's  scientific  acquirements  pe- 
culiarly fitted  him  for  this  situation.  In 
1809,  be  was  appointed  Colonel  of  Ma- 
rines, and  nominated  one  of  the  Lords 
of  the  Admiralty  ;  soon  after  which, 
Lord  Mulgrave  becoming  Master-gene- 
ral of  the  Ordnance,  Captain  Moorsom 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Surveyor- 
general  of  that  board,  accompanied  with 
a  sent  iti  Parliament  for  Queenborough. 

The  life  of  a  man  holding  office  in  a 
department  of  the  executive  government, 
seldom  affords  an  incident  for  the  pen  of 
the  biographer.  Those  reforms  and  im- 
provements which  administrative  talent 
and  straight-forward  honesty  of  pur- 
pose will  effect,  are  know  n  only  to  those 
concerned  in  the  circuit  of  the  office 
duties.  Such  improvements  were  effec- 
ted by  Sir  Robert  Moorsom  in  the  several 
offices  he  filled,  and  in  none  of  them  were 
his  benevolence  and  humanity  more  con- 
spicuous than  in  the  change  from  the  old 
mode  of  grinding  gun-barrels,  to  which 
many  lives  were  sacrificed.  At  his  sug- 
gestion, the  turning-lathe  was  substituted 
for  the  grindstone.  He  was  succeeded 
as  Master-general  by  the  present  Lord 
Downes,  in  March  1820. 

In  1810,  he  was  appointed  a  Rear-  Admi- 
ral, andin  1811  a  Vice- Admiral.  Atthe 
enlargement  of  the  order  of  the  Bath,  in 
1815,  he  was  nominated  a  Knight- Com- 
mander, and  from  1821  to  1827,  was 
Commander-in-chief  at  Chatham.  In 
1830  he  attained  the  full  rank  of  Admiral. 
His  latter  years  were  spent  at  Cosgrave 
Priory,  in  Northamptonshire,  a  seat  which 
he  rented  of  J.  C.  Munsel,  Esq.,  and 
which  bad  previously  been  the  residence 
of  Lord  Lynedoch. 

Sir  Robert  Moorsom  married,  in  1791, 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  Thomas  Scarth, 
Esq.  of  Stakesby,  near  Whitby,  and  by 


that  lady,  who  died  April  12, 1828,  in  her 
63d  year,  and  was  buried  at  Cosgrave,  he 
had  several  children,  of  whom  Captain 
Robert  Moorsom,  R.N.  died  in  1826  in 
command  of  the  Jasper;  Constantine- 
Richard,  post- Captain  1818,  commanded 
the  Fury  bomb  at  the  battle  of  Algiers ; 
and  Maria  Margaret  was  married  Aug. 
8,  1815,  to  the  Rev.  Henry  Longueville 
Mansel,  Rector  of  Cosgrave,  who  died  in, 
the  spring  of  the  present  year  (see  vol.  iii. 
p.  441),  leaving  seven  children. 

[This  memoir  has  been  principally 
abridged  from  a  longer  article  in  the  Untied 
Service  Journal  for  June] 

Lieut.- Gen.  Sir  A.  Macdowall. 

May  15.  Lieut.- General  Sir  Andrew 
Macdowall,  K.C.B.,  of  the  East  India 
Company's  Madras  establishment. 

He  entered  that  service  in  1783,  and  in 
the  same  year  was  at  the  siege  and  capture 
of  Palicaudcherry,  and  the  reduction  of 
many  of  Tippoo  Sultaun's  forts.  In  1789 
he  served  with  one  of  two  corps  sent  to 
Travancore,  to  defend  the  Rajah's  line ; 
and  also  with  the  grand  army  under  Sir 
W.  Medows  and  Lord  Cornwallis  in 
1790-92.  In  1799  he  was  at  the  battle 
of  Malavilly  and  the  capture  of  Seringa- 
patam.  From  1801  to  1803  he  served 
under  Major- Gen.  Dugald  Campbell,  in 
settling  the  country  ceded  to  the  Com- 
pany. 

In  1817  he  again  took  the  field  under 
Lieut- Gen.  Sir  T.  Hislop,  Commander- 
in-chief  of  the  Madras  army,  and  com- 
manded a  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Mehid- 
pore.  In  1818  he  w  as  selected  to  com- 
mand a  detachment  to  act  against  Bajee 
Row's  hill  forts.in  the  provinces  of  Gung- 
tory  and  Candeish;  and  after  taking  Unki- 
Tunki,  Rajdair,  Trimbuck,  and  Mulli- 
gaum,  twenty-five  other  forts  surrendered, 
and  both  provinces  were  subdued. 

Sir  Andrew  Macdowall,  having  been 
some  years  a  companion  of  the  Bath,  was 
nominated  a  knight  commander  Sept.  26, 
1831. 


Liedt.-Gen.  P.  Powell. 

May  7.  At  Weymouth,  aged  80,  Lt- 
General  Peregrine  Powell,  of  the  Ben- 
gal establishment. 

He  entered  the  Company's  service  as  a 
cadet  in  1770,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Captain,  and  the  command  of  a  battalion 
of  sepoys,  in  1781,  when  he  marched  with 
the  Bengal  detachment  under  Col.  Pearse, 
to  the  relief  of  the  Presidency  of  Fort 
St.  George;  and,  after  a  series  of  actions 
with  Hyder  Ali  in  the  Carnatic  and  ad- 
joining provinces,  he  had  the  honour  of 
leading  the  first  battalion  of  the  15th 
regiment  of  sepoys  in  the  memorable  bat- 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Ouituary. — Lieut. -Gen.  Le  Couteur. 


323 


tie  of  Cuddalore,  in  June  1783,  against 
the  French  army  under  Mons.  Bussy. 
He  returned  with  the  detachment  to  Ben- 
gal in  1794. 

In  May  1794.  he  became  Major;  in 
1796  Lieut.- Colonel;  and  in  1799  was 
employed  for  some  months  on  very  haras- 
sing duty  in  the  Gurrackpore  country,  in 
pursuit  of  Vizier  Ali.  He  subsequently 
he?  <  the  command  of  that  province  after 
its  cession  to  the  Company,  and  com- 
manded a  division  of  the  army  in  Bundel- 
cund  at  the  commencement  of  the  Mah- 
ratta  war.  For  bis  services  in  the  field, 
and  in  the  reduction  of  several  forts,  he 
received  the  thanks  of  the  Commander- 
in-chief,  Lord  Lake;  and  his  conduct  was 
ever  distinguished  by  gallantry  and  energy. 
He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  180$ 
Major- General  in  1810,  and  Lieut.- Gen- 
eral in  1814. 


Lielt.-Gev.  Le  CouTEun. 

sfprilt'S.  Aged  74,  Lieut.- Gen.  John 
Le  Couteur. 

He  was  descended  from  a  highly  re- 
spectable family  settled  in  Jersey,  and  at 
an  early  age  was  appointed  Captain  and 
Adjutant  in  the  militia  of  that  island: 
but,  his  predilection  being  for  the  regular 
army,  in  1780  his  parents  bought  an  En. 
tigncy  for  him  in  the  96th  foot.  He  bad 
not,  however,  left  his  native  island  before 
the  descent  made  upon  it  in  Jan.  1781, 
when  he  bad  the  happiness  of  first  un- 
sheathing his  sword  in  its  successful  de- 
fence, under  the  lamented  Major  Pierson. 

In  the  same  month  he  was  promoted 
to  an  Ensigncy  in  the  100th  regiment, 
which  he  joined  at  Portsmouth,  being 
under  orders  for  tbe  East  Indies.  On 
the  16th  April  he  was  present  in  the 
naval  action  between  Adin.  Surf rein  and 
Commodore  Johnstone,  off  St.  Jago.  In 
Dec.  1782  he  commenced  his  campaigns 
in  India,  in  tbe  war  with  Tippoo  Saib, 
and  had  tbe  honour  to  lead  a  forlorn  hope 
on  two  occasions,  the  latter  of  which 
procured  him  the  appointment  of  Major 
of  Brigade  to  Col.  Humberstone. 

In  April  1783  he  was  attached  to  the 
force  of  General  Mathews,  then  Com- 
mander-in-chief in  Mysore,  who  threw 
himself  with  600  British  and  1000  Sepoys 
into  Nagur,  to  defend  that  important 
town  from  Tippoo  Saib,  then  at  the  head 
ol'  an  army  of  2000  French  and  100,000 
natives.  On  the  26th,  having  lost  500 
men  in  killed  and  wounded,  Gen.  Mathews 
capitulated,  and  on  the  28th  marched  out 
with  uli  the  honours  of  war;  but  the  day 
following  they  were  arrested  by  their 
treacherous  enemy,  loaded  with  chains, 
and  after  some  days  carried  prisoners 
many  miles  up  the  country.    A  party 


consisting  of  the  General,  the  Major,  and 
eighteen  of  tbe  Captains,  were  all  poison- 
ed by  a  few  drops  of  milkbush  in  a  cup 
of  liquid ;  and  another  party  of  thirty- 
four,  consisting  of  subalterns,  in  which 
number  was  the  subject  of  this  memoir, 
were  kept  in  a  confined  prison,  frequently 
threatened  with  the  same  fate,  and  sus- 
tained the  greatest  privations  and  hard- 
ships, for  eleven  months,  until  the  con- 
clusion of  peace  in  March  1784.  On  his 
release,  Capt.  Le  Couteur  received  pro- 
motion as  a  Captain- Lieutenant,  and  in 
1785  obtained  bis  company.  He  then 
returned  to  England,  where  he  was  placed 
on  half-pay. 

In  1790  Captain  Le  Couteur  published 
"  Letters,  chiefly  from  India,  containing 
an  account  of  the  military  transactions  on 
the  coast  of  Malabar,  during  the  late  War; 
together  with  a  short  description  of  the 
religion,  manners,  and  customs  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Hindostan,"  1790,  8vo.  The 
letters  were  originally  written  in  French, 
but  were  translated  for  publication. 

In  1793  he  was  appointed  Major  of 
Brigade  to  the  Jersey  militia.  In  1797 
he  received  the  rank  of  Major  in  the  16th 
regiment  of  the  line ;  but  obtained  per- 
mission to  remain  on  the  staff  of  Lieut.- 
Gen.  A.  Gordon,  the  Lieut.- Governor 
of  Jersey.  In  1798  he  joined  the  16th 
in  Scotland,  being  then  a  brevet  Lieut.  - 
Colouel. 

In  1799,  on  being  appointed  Inspector 
of  the  Militia,  he  resumed  his  residence 
in  Jersey,  and  performed,  in  addition,  the 
duties  of  Quartermaster-general  to  the 
large  garrison  then  in  the  island,  including 
a  Russian  force  pf  6000  men;  and  con- 
ducted the  whole  secret  correspondence 
with  France,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
his  Majesty's  government. 

In  1811  Colonel  Le  Couteur  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Major- General ;  tbe 
same  year  be  was  placed  on  the  staff  in 
Ireland ;  and  shortly  after  was  ordered  to 
Jamaica,  where  be  commanded  a  brigade 
for  two  years  and  a  half.  In  1815  he 
was  appointed  Lieut- Governor  of  tbe 
Dutch  inlands  of  Curacoa,  Aruba,  and 
Bonaie,  then  in  our  possession,  and  which 
be  retained  until  their  restoration  to  Hol- 
land, when  he  received  addresses  of  thanks 
from  tbe  several  public  bodies  and  other 
inhabitants. 

From  that  time  he  remained  unem- 
ployed. He  attained  tbe  rank  of  Lieut.- 
General  in  1821.  By  bis  death,  his 
country  has  lost  a  true  and  devoted  pa- 
triot, his  King  a  tried,  faithful,  and  un- 
wearied servant ;  and  the  poor  a  benevo- 
lent friend. 

[A  more  extended  memoir  of  Lt.-Gen. 
Le  Couteur  will  be  found  in  the  United 


Digitized  by  Google 


324 


R.  G.  Long,  Esq. — Fa  run  Humboldt. — Capt  Kater. 


[Sept. 


Service  Journal  for  July,  from  whence 
the  above  bus  been  derived.] 

R  G.  Long,  Esq. 

July  1.  At  Rood  Ashton,  Wiltshire, 
after  a  lingering  and  distressing  illness, 
aged  73,  Richard  Godolphin  Long,  esq. 

Mr.  Long  was  the  son  and  heir  of  RU 
churd  Long,  esq.  of  Rood  Ashton,  who 
died  in  1787,  by  Meliora,  daughter  of  — 
Lam  be,  and  widow  of  Jos.  Polden,  esq. 

At  the  general  election  in  1806,  he  was 
returned  to  Parliament  as  one  of  the 
knights  for  Wiltshire;  he  wns  re-elected 
in  1907  and  1812,  and  retired  at  the  dis- 
solution in  1818. 

Mr.  Long  married,  March  28,  1786, 
Florentina,  third  daugbterof  SirBourcbier 
Wrey,  the  fifth  Bart,  of  Tawstock,  co. 
Devon,  and  aunt  to  the  present  baronet 
of  that  name.  By  this  lady,  who  died 
about  six  weeks  before  him,  he  had  issue 
his  son  and  heir,  Walter  Long,  esq.,  now 
M.P.  for  North  Wiltshire,  who  married 
a  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Archibald 
Colquhoun,  Lord  Register  of  Scotland, 
and  has  a  son,  Walter. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  Long,  were  de- 
posited in  the  fumily  vault  at  Steeple 
Ashton.  The  funeral  was,  by  positive 
injunction,  strictly  private,  the  immediate 
relatives  of  the  family  and  the  tenantry 
alone  attending. 

Baron  Humboldt. 

sfpril  7.  At  his  country  seat,  Tegel, 
near  Berlin,  aged  G7,  Baron  William  V on 
Humboldt,  Minister  of  State  to  the  King 
of  Prussia. 

His  career  of  Ambassador  and  Minis- 
ter, secured  him  the  friendship  of  his 
Sovereign,  and  bis  learning  the  conside- 
ration of  civilized  Europe.  His  vigorous 
mind  was  principally  directed,  not  only 
to  a  colloquial  knowledge  of  languages, 
but  to  th>  philosophy  of  all  tongues  of 
which  he  could  obtain  certain  information. 
Not  only  were  European  and  Oriental 
languages  familiar  to  him,  but  be  coin, 
prenended  those  of  North  and  South 
America,  and  he  was  incessantly  seeking 
for  data  concerning  those  of  which  there 
are  but  obscure  traces. 

The  following  particulars  of  his  last 
moments  are  fiom  a  letter,  written  by  his 
brother,  Baron  Alexander  Von  Hum. 
boldt,  the  celebrated  tiaveller,  to  M. 
Arago.  His  weakness  had  been  much 
increased  for  several  weeks  previous, 
and  incessant  trembling  was  manifested 
in  every  limb;  still  bis  mind  preserved 
all  its  energy,  and  he  never  ceased 
his  labours.  He  leaves  two  works 
nearly  finished ;  the  one  on  those  lan. 
Kiiiiges  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  which 


proceeded  from  the  Sanscrit,  and  the 
other  on  the  origin  and  philosophy  of 
languages  in  general ;  both  of  which  will 
be  published.    My  brother  has  left  all 
the  M  SS.  of  these  works,  and  his  precious 
collection  of  books,  to  the  public  library. 
He  died  of  an  indamation  ou  the  lungs,  and 
from  the  beginning,  traced  the  progress 
of  the  malady  with  an  afflicting  certainty. 
His  was  a  mind  of  the  highest  order,  and 
he  had  a  noble  and  elevated  soul.  1  re- 
main sadly  isolated." 

The  Baron's  funeral  took  place  on  tbe 
12th  April,  at  Tegel.  Prince  William, 
tbe  King's  brother,  a  great  many  generals 
and  high  officers  of  state,  and  many  men 
of  learning,  and  artists,  friends  of  tbe 
deceased,  had  met  at  his  seat,  and  joined 
the  funeral  to  tbe  beautiful  monument 
which  the  Baron  erected  for  his  lady,  who 
died  many  years  ago,  and  by  whose  side 
he  desired  to  be  laid.  The  hearse  was  fol- 
lowed by  the  brother,  the  children,  and 
grandchildren  of  the  deceased  ;  and  tbe 
coffin  was  deposited,  according  to  bis  own 
wish,  in  the  ground,  and  not  in  a  vault  of 
brick  or  stone.  Baroness  Bulow,  wife  of 
the  Prussian  Minister  at  the  Court  of  St. 
James's,  is  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  de- 
ceased Baron.  An  early- formed  and  last- 
ing friendship  exists  between  ber  Majesty 
Queen  Adelaide  and  the  Baroness. 


Capt.  Kater,  F.R.S. 

Jpril  26.  At  his  house,  York  Gate, 
Regent's  Park,  aged  58,  Captain  Henry 
Kater,  F.R.S. 

He  was  born  at  Bristol,  April  16, 
1777;  his  father  was  of  a  German  fa- 
mily; his  mother,  the  daughter  of  an 
eminent  architect :  both  were  distin- 
guished for  their  scientific  attainments, 
and  united  in  inspiring  him,  from  his 
earliest  years,  with  a  taste  for  physical  in- 
vestigations. After  some  time  his  father, 
who  designed  Henry  for  the  profession 
of  the  law,  began  to  discourage  bis  exclu- 
sive devotion  to  abstract  science,  and  he 
parted  from  mathematics  as  reluctantly  us 
iiluckstone  from  his  poetry.  During  tbe 
two  years  that  Mr.  Kater  was  in  a  plea- 
der's office,  he  acquired  a  considerable 
portion  of  legal  knowledge,  on  which  he 
valued  himself  through  life  ;  but  the  death 
of  his  father,  in  1794,  permitting  him  to 
resume  bis  favourite  studies,  be  bade  adieu 
to  the  law,  and  obtained  a  commission  in 
the  12th  Regt.  of  Foot,  then  stationed  in 
India.  During  the  following  year  he  was 
engaged  in  the  trigonometrical  survey  of 
India,  under  Colonel  Lambton,  and  con- 
tributed greatly  to  the  success  of  that  stu- 
pendous undertaking.  About  the  same 
time  he  constructed  a  peculiarly  sensi- 
ble hygrometer,  and  published  a  descrip- 


f 


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1S35.] 


Mr.  H.  D.  Inglis.— Henry  Parke,  Esq. 


325 


tion  of  it  in  the  «  Asiatic  Researches.' 
His  unremitted  study  during  seven  years 
in  a  hot  climate,  greatly  injured  his  con. 
stitution,  and  was  the  cause  of  the  ill 
state  of  health  under  which  he  suffered 
to  the  close  of  his  life.    After  his  return 
to  England,  he  qualified  himself  to  serve 
on  the  general  staff.    He  went  on  half- 
pay  in  1814,  from  which  period  bis  life 
was  wholly  devoted  to  science.    His  tri- 
gonometrical operations,  his  experiments 
for  determining  the  length  of  a  pendulum 
beating  seconds,  and  his  labours  for  con- 
structing standards  of  weights  and  mea- 
sures, are  well  known;  they  combined 
patient  industry,  minute  observation,  and 
mechanical  skill,  with  high  powers  of 
reasoning.    IMost  of  the  learned  societies 
in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  Continent, 
testified  their  sense  of  the  value  of  Capt. 
Kater's  services,  by  enrolling  him  amongst 
their  members.    The  Emperor  of  Russia 
employed  him  to  construct  standards  for 
the  weights  and  measures  of  his  domi- 
nions, and  was  so  pleased  with  the  execu- 
tion of  them,  that  he  presented  him  with 
the  order  of  St.  Anne,  and  a  diamond 
snuff-box. 

The  even  tenor  of  Capt.  Hater's  life 
was  rarely  interrupted.    The  loss  of  his 
daughter,  who  fell  a  victim  to  her  ardour 
for  science  in  1827,  was  the  severest  afflic- 
tion by  which  he  was  visited.    She  died 
in  her  seventeenth  year,  after  having  dis- 
played mathematical  powers  of  a  high 
order,  and  a  love  of  science  that  even  in- 
creasing physical  weakness  could  not  de- 
stroy.    Most  of  Capt.  Kater's  publica- 
tions appeared  in  the  «  Philosophical 
Transactions,'  to  which  he  was  a  very 
constant  contributor.  (Jthcrutunu) 


Mr,  H.  D.  Inglis. 

March  20.  At  Bayham  Terrace,  Re- 
gent's Park,  in  his  40th  year,  Mr.  Henry 
David  Inglis. 

Mr.  Inglis  was  a  native  of  Scotland, 
the  only  (son  of  a  barrister ;  his  maternal 
grandmother  was  the  daughter  of  the  cele- 
brated Col.  Gardiner,  who  fell  at  the 
battle  of  Preston  Pans,  and  was  herself 
the  authoress  of  an  heroic  poem.  The 
earlier  part  of  Mr.  loglis's  life  was  de- 
voted to  commercial  pursuits;  but  an 
ardent  love  of  literature,  and  an  equally 
ardent  desire  to  visit  foreign  countries, 
rendered  him  impatient  of  the  trammels 
of  business,  and  be  resolved  to  indulge 
both  propensities  by  visiting  the  continent 
and  recording  his  observations.  His  first 
published  work  was  *  The  Tales  of  Ar- 
dennes,1 which  appeared  with  the  nom  de 
guerre  of  Derwent  Conway.  The  suc- 
cess of  this  work  soon  induced  him  to 
publish  •  Solitary  Walks  through  many 


Lands/  which  more  than  maintained  the 
fame  of  the  preceding.  Next  appeared 
his  '  Travels  in  Norway  and  Sweden ;' 
which,  as  well  as  his  4  Tour  through 
Switzerland,  France,  and,  the  Pyrennees,' 
appeared  in  Constable's  Miscellany.  While 
these  volumes  were  in  the  course  of  pub- 
lication, Mr.  Inglis  was  editor  of  a  paper  at 
Chesterfield,  but  he  soon  grew  wearied  of 
stationary  life,  and,  returning  to  the  con- 
tinent, visited  the  Tyrol  and  Spain.  His 
travels  in  both  countries  were  both  pub- 
lished ;  those  through  Spain  ('  Spain  in 
1830')  were,  deservedly,  the  most  suc- 
cessful; and  this  induced  the  author  to 
produce  a  novel  descriptive  of  Spanish 
life,  entitled  '  The  New  Gil  Bias/  which 
he  always  regarded  as  the  best  of  bis 
works,  tor  it  was  in  the  regions  of  pure 
imagination  that  his  genius  most  delighted 
to  range. 

After  his  return  from  Spain,  Mr.  Inglis 
became  editor  of  a  paper  in  Jersey,  which 
he  gave  up  to  make  a  tour  through  Ire- 
land. The  result  was  his  '  Ireland  in 
1834 ;'  a  work  which,  for  its  information 
and  impartiality,  has  received  the  appro- 
bation of  all  parties,  and  the  importance 
attached  to  his  views  on  the  conditiou  of 
that  country,  during  the  debates  in  parlia- 
ment of  the  present  session,  is  an  unequi- 
vocal recognition  of  its  merits. 

Mr.  Inglis,  after  his  return  from  Ire- 
land, began  to  prepare  for  publication  his 
•  Travels  in  the  footsteps  of  Don  Quixote,' 
and  he  had  made  some  progress  in  other 
works  of  a  more  imaginative  character, 
when  his  constitution  sunk  under  his  lite- 
rary exertions,  and  he  was  seized  with  a 
disease  of  the  brain,  which  proved  fatal. 

Hfnry  Parke,  Esq. 

May  5.    Mr.  Henry  Parke,  architect. 

Mr.  Henry  Parke  was  originally  in- 
tended for  the  bar,  and  for  some  time 
studied  under  an  eminent  special  pleader. 
His  sound  discrimination  and  accurate 
judgment  soon  evinced  themselves ;  but 
an  unfortunate  impediment  in  his  speech 
seemed  to  preclude  his  success  in  that 
branch  of  the  profession  to  which  be 
aspired  to  belong,  and  he  abandoned 
the  law.  Perhaps,  the  pursuit  did  not 
altogether  coincide  with  a  taste  for 
the  fine  arts,  which  he  had  been  led 
to  cultivate  from  the  constant  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  fine  pictures,  in  the  pos- 
session of  his  father.  He  then  chose 
architecture  as  his  profession,  and  pursued 
his  studies  under  Sir  John  Soane.  He 
brought  to  the  study  a  hand  already  well 
versed  in  drawing,  and  a  deep  acquaintance 
with  mathematics, —  preliminary  qualifi- 
cations, which  enabled  him  to  master  at 
once  the  technical  elements  of  the  art. 


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326       Obitcary. — Afr.  Eger ton.— Robert  Lemon,  Esq  F.S.A.  [Sept. 


Some  of  the  finest  drawings  exhibited  it 
the  lectures  of  the  professor,  were  from 
his  pencil,  and  attracted  great  attention. 
JVIr.  Parke  subsequently  went  abroad  to 
complete  bis  studies  in  Italy  and  Sicily ; 
and  after  measuring  and  drawing  the  no. 
blest  monument*  of  ancient  and  modern 
times,  proceeded  to  Egypt,  where  he 
passed  nine  months  with  Messrs.  Scoles 
and  Catherwood,  delineating  every  thing 
most  worthy  attention,  from  the  Delta  to 
the  Second  Cataract.  The  fruits  of  his 
travels  were  apparent  in  some  exquisite 
drawings  of  Egyptian  buildings,  remarka- 
ble for  depth  of  tone,  transparency  of  tint, 
brilliancy  of  effect,  and  truth  of  .colour. 

Diffident  and  retiring,  he  was  ill  fitted 
for  tbe  jarring  warfare  of  life,  and  conse- 
quently was  little  known  beyond  tbe  im- 
mediate circle  of  his  friends.  The  last 
professional  occupation  in  which  he  took 
part,  was  in  the  tribute  of  respect  paid  by 
the  architects  of  Great  Britain  to  his  old 
master.  To  him  was  chiefly  confided  the 
tbe  composition  of  tbe  Soane  medul,  and 
the  taste  with  which  he  has  succeeded,  is 
acknowledged  by  all  who  have  seeu  it. 
{Athcnetum.) 

Mr.  Egerton. 
July  23.   At  Chelsea,  aged  63,  Mr. 
Daniel  Egerton,  formerly  of  Covent  Gar- 
den Theatre. 

Mr.  Egerton  was  born  in  London  on 
the  14th  of  April,  1772.     His  paternal 
name  was  Bmdstock ;  and  he  was  origi- 
nally a  clerk  in  the  court  of  requests  at 
Whitechapel.  which  he  abandoned  to  join 
the  Royalty  Theatre  after  Palmer  retired 
from  its  direction.    He  made  his  debut  at 
Birmingham,  on  the  4th  of  June,  1799, 
as  Captain  Absolute  in  The  Rivals,  on 
which  occasion  the  celebrated  Quick  sus- 
tained the  part  of  Acres.     His  success 
induced  the  manager,  Mr.  Macrcady,  the 
father  of  our  eminent  tragedian,  to  retain 
his  services;  and  he  continued  there  in 
consequence  for  tbe  two  following  sum- 
mers, passing  tbe  intermediate  winters 
with  Mr.  Stephen  Kemble  in  Edinburgh, 
who  transferred  him  to  tbe  boards  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  where  he  first  ap- 
peared in  November,  1801.    Two  years 
after,  he  was  offered  an  engagement  at 
Bath,  where  he  made  his  first  bow  for  the 
benefit  of  Mrs.  Edwin,  in  May,  1803>  as 
Frederick  Bramble,  in  Col  man's  comedy 
of  the  Poor  Gentleman. 

On  Ellistou's  final  secession  from  the 
Bath  Theatre,  the  field  was  left  open  to 
Mr.  Egerton,  who  led  the  business  of 
that  establishment  for  tbe  next  six  years, 
until,  in  1809,  he  was  engaged  at  Covcnt- 
garden  Theatre,  and  made  his  appear- 
ance there  in  October,  as  Lord  Avon- 


more,  in  Morton's  comedy  of  the  School 
of  Reform.    Here  he  distinguished  him- 
self by  great  assiduity,  and  became  fa- 
vourably established  for  many  years,  and 
in  the  summer  season  rented  and  super- 
intended the  performances  at  Sadler's 
Wells.    About  three  years  ago  he  with- 
drew himself  from  Covent  garden ;  and 
embarked  with  Mr.  Abbott,  formerly  of 
the  same  theatre,  in  the  management  of 
the  Cobourg,  which,  after  expending  con- 
siderable sums  upon  its  re-embellishment, 
and  engaging  a  numerous  company,  they 
opened,  rather  auspiciously,  under  its 
present  cognomen  of  The  Victoria.  By 
tbe  introduction  of  novelties  of  a  charac- 
ter superior  to  the  former  performances, 
and  a  recurrence  to  the  legitimate  drama, 
they  for  a  while  succeeded  in  attracting' 
good  houses  and  a  better  description  of 
audience  than  had  previously  resorted  to 
that  theatre.    The  speculation,  however, 
eventually  failed,  and  by  it  he  not  only- 
sacrificed  the  hard  earnings  of  a  lonl* 
career,  but,  to  extricate  himself  from  tbe 
difficulties  in  which  it  involved  him,  he 
was  compelled  but  a  few  weeks  ago  to 
take  the  benefit  of  the  Insolvent  Act, 
which,  it  is  supposed,  helped  to  accelerate 
the  melancholy  event  now  recorded.    I  lis 
only  dependance  at  his  decease  was  a 
pension  of  75/.  from  the  Covent  Garden 
Theatrical  Fund,  of  which  he  was  for 
many  years  Secretary. 

As  an  actor,  though  not  of  the  highest 
eminence,  Mr.  Egerton  will  be  long  re- 
membered for  bis  general  utility,  and  for 
the  support  of  an  extensive  range  of  cha- 
racters of  a  secondary  class,  of  which  his 
King  Henry  the  Eighth,  Tullus  Aufi- 
dius,  Clytus,  Syphax,  and  other  parts  of 
a  like  description,  may  be  enumerated  as 
successful  instances.  His  portrait  occurs 
as  King  Henry,  in  Harlow's  excellent 
picture  of  the  Trial  of  Queen  Catharine. 

In  private  life  Mr.  Egerton  possessed 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew 
him,  and  bis  death  is  sincerely  regretted 
by  his  friends  and  the  profession.  His 
bealth  had  been  for  some  time  past  on 
the  decline,  and  his  death  is  supposed  to 
have  been  hastened  by  his  refusal  to  sub- 
mit to  a  surgical  operation.  He  has  left 
a  widow,  to  whom  he  had  been  many 
years  united,  and  who  has  exhibited  ber 
talents  as  a  tragic  actress  both  at  Covent 
Garden  and  Sadler's  Wells. 


Robert  Lemon,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
July  29.  At  his  apartments  in  the  new 
State-  Paper  Office,  St.  James's  Park,  in 
his  57th  year,  Robert  Lemon,  Esq., 
F.S  A.  Deputy  Keeper  of  His  Majesty's 
State  Papers. 
This  worthy  man,  and  excellent  public 


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1835.]  Obituary. — Robert  Lemon,  Esq.  F.S.A.  327 


servant,  was  the  son  of  Mr.  Robert 
Lemon,  forty-seven  years  Chief  Clerk  of 
the  Record  Office  in  the  Tower  of  Lon- 
don, who  died  Dec.  J  9,  1813,  at  the  age 
of  84.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  latter  gen- 
tleman and  the  late  Sir  Isaac  Heard, 
Garter  King  of  Arms,  were  midshipmen 
together,  on  board  the  old  Liverpool 
frigate,  and  passed  together  for  Lieute- 
nant* ;  but  were  not  commissioned,  both 
quitting  the  service  at  the  peace  of  1762, 
and  adopting  pursuits  very  different  from 
their  original  profession,  but  in  which 
they  both  arrived  at  considerable  emi. 
nence,  and  both  attained  to  an  honoured 
o\d  age.  There  is  a  portrait  of  Mr. 
Lemon,  senior,  etched  by  Daniel],  after  a 
sketch  by  Lawrence. 

The  gentleman  now  deceased  was  born 
in  London,  and  received  the  chief  part  of 
his  education  at  the  grammar  school  of 
Norwich,  under  the  Rev.  George  Wm. 
Lemon,  compiler  of  the  *  Etymological 
Dictionary.'    He  was  first  employed  in 
the  business  of  his  profession  at  the 
Tower,  by  bis  father,  and  their  names  are 
united  in  the  title-pages  of  the  Calen- 
dars of  the  Charter  Rolls  and  Inquisi- 
tions ad  Quod  Damnum,  and  of  the  Inqui- 
sitions post  Mortem,  published  by  the 
Record  Commission.    Some  time,  how- 
ever, before  those  volumes  were  print- 
ed, and  after  he  had  been  engaged  at 
the  Tower  for  about  eighteen  months, 
he  was,  on  the  24th  June,  1795,  trans- 
ferred as  an  extra  clerk  to  the  State  Paper 
Oilce.    About  the  same  time,  and  before 
be  was  eighteen,  he  married. 

His  principal  in  the  office  was  the  late 
John  Bruce,  Esq.  who  was  appointed 
Keeper  of  State  Papers  in  1792,  and  re- 
tained the  situation  until  his  death,  in 
1826,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Henry  Hobhouse,  the  present 
Keeper.  Mr.  Lemon's  talents  and  apti- 
tude for  business  were  soon  conspicuous, 
and  he  became  a  valuitble  auxiliary  of 
Mr.  Bruce.  So  early  as  1 798  he  rendered 
considerable  service  in  the  compilation  of 
the  valuable  historical  Appendix  to  the 
Keport  on  Internal  Defence,  chiefly  re- 
lating to  the  preparations  made  against  the 
threatened  invasion  of  1588. 

On  the  establishment  of  the  State 
J'aper  Office  being  re-modelled,  in  lSOO, 
°«  was  retained  there;  and  in  Feb.  1801, 
*»*  promoted  to  the  office  of  Second 
Clerk,  which  in  fact  is  the  first  clerk, 
under  the  Deputy  Keeper. 

He  was  also  materially  assistant  to  Mr. 
"ruce  at  the  East  India  House,  where 
the  latter  held  the  office  of  Historio- 
grapher, in  collating  and  arranging  the  raa- 
jenals  of  the  Annals  of  the  Company,  pub- 
lished in  1810.    Some  time  after  he  re- 


ceived a  very  fluttering  invitation  from 
the  late  Duke  of  Northumberland  to  un- 
dertake the  arrangement  and  custody  of 
his  family  records;  but  this  offer  was 
broken  off  in  consequence  of  the  f  ital 
illness  of  His  Grace.  Shortly  after,  on  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Bruce  from  the  service 
of  the  East  India  Company,  Mr.  Lemon 
had  the  offer  of  his  appointment,  on  con- 
dition that  he  confined  himself  exclusively 
to  the  business  of  the  Company,  with 
a  salary  of  2501,  rising  progressively 
to  400/.  per  annum.  This  was  a  very 
tempting  offer,  as  in  the  State  Paper 
Office  he  bad  only  a  salary  of  200/. ;  and, 
after  a  negociation  had  been  carried  on 
for  some  time,  on  the  19th  April  1817,  he 
sent  in  a  resignation  of  his  situation, 
having  then  served  twenty-two  years  in 
the  office.  Mr.  Bruce,  to  whom  the 
services  of  Mr  Lemon  were  essential,  im- 
plored Lord  Sidmouth  not  to  accept  this 
resignation ;  and  the  result  was,  that  on 
the  7th  June  1817,  an  additional  allowance 
of  200/.  a  year  was  made  to  Mr.  Lemon, 
and  a  promise  that  he  should  succeed  to 
the  office  of  Deputy  Keeper  on  the  retire- 
ment or  death  of  Mr.  Browne,  who  then 
held  that  appointment.  Within  six  months 
after,  that  gentleman  died;  and  on  the 
2'id  Jan.  1818,  Mr.  Lemon  was  appointed 
Deputy  Keeper. 

Having  now  the  control  in  his  own 
hands,  he  for  several  years  sedulously 
and  perseveringly  employed  himself  in 
perfecting  the  arrangement  of  large  masses 
of  papers.  The  Royal  Letters,  the  Irish 
Correspondence,  the  Scotish  Correspon- 
dence, the  Royalist  Composition  Papers, 
and,  above  all,  the  Papers  relating  to  the 
Gunpowder  Plot,  and  other  very  valuable 
series,  consisting  of  many  hundred  vo- 
lumes, are  convincing  proofs  of  his  la- 
bours. The  papers  were  deposited  in 
two  separate  buildings,  the  office  for- 
merly in  Scotland  Yard  and  lately  in 
Great  George  Street,  and  a  long  gallery 
over  the  Treasury  passage.  In  this  gal- 
lery, a  vast  quantity  of  papers,  of  the 
highest  value,  was  in  the  utmost  confu- 
sion, and  buried  under  accumulated  dust 
and  cobwebs.  To  cleanse  this  Augean 
stable,  Mr.  Lemon  set  earnestly  to  work, 
at  the  latter  end  of  the  year  1823;  and  it 
was  in  this  receptacle  that  the  manu- 
script was  discovered  of  Milton's  long- 
lost  work  "  Dc  Doctrina  Christiana," 
which,  having  been  presented  to  King 
George  the  f  ourth,  was  entrusted  to  the 
Rev.  C.  Sumner,  now  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, for  publication.  Mr.  Lemon  re- 
ceived a  copy,  by  command  of  bis  Majes- 
ty, in  testimony  of  the  royal  approbation. 

The  attention  of  Sir  Robert  (then  Mr. 
Secretary)  Peel  was  attracted  by  this  cir- 


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328  Obituary. — Robert 

cumstance  to  the  too-long  neglected  value 
of  the  State  Papers,  and  he  was  induced  to 
recommend  to  bis  Majesty  the  formation 
of  a  Commission  for  printing  and  publish- 
ing such  portions  of  them  as  would  throw 
light  on  the  history  of  the  country.  Ac- 
cordingly, a  Commission  was  issued  on 
the  10th  June  1825,  and  renewed  on 
the  14th  Sept.  1831),  and  Mr.  Lemon  was 
appointed  Secretary  to  the  Commission- 
ers. The  documents  in  the  State  Paper 
Office,  belonging  to  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII.,  never  having  been  perfectly  ar- 
ranged, that  laborious  work  was  under- 
taken by  Mr.  Lemon,  and  when  perfected 
it  was  determined  to  publish  them  in  seven 
classes  or  divisions ;  two  of  which  were 
edited  by  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Hob- 
bouse  in  1831,  in  a  large  quarto  volume, 
and  a  third  in  two  other  volumes,  last 
year;  and  we  understand  that  the  mate- 
rials of  two  more  such  volumes  are  very 
nearly  prepared  for  the  press. 

In  the  duties  of  his  office  Mr.  Lemon 
ever  evinced  the  greatest  zeal  and  enthu- 
siasm, and  his  acquaintance  with  the  prin- 
cipal events  of  English  history  was  very 
extensive.  Nearly  every  recently  pub- 
lished historical  work  bears  a  testimony  to 
his  exertions ;  and  his  name  is  mentioned 
with  a  well-deserved  compliment  by  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  in  a  postscript  appended  in 
Nov.  1629,  to  the  cabinet  edition  of  Rob 
Roy,  noticing  some  documents  in  the  State 
Paper  Office  relating  to  that  extraordi- 
nary person.  It  may  be  added  that 
Mr.  Lemon  was  induced  by  this  circum- 
stance to  pursue  the  illustration  of  his 
own  copy  of  Scott's  novels  with  copies  of 
historical  documents. 

It  must  have  been  a  source  of  the 
highest  satisfaction  to  Mr.  Lemon,  after 
having  sedulously  attended  on  the  State 
Papers  in  their  inadequate  and  ruined 
receptacles  in  Scotland  Yard  and  Great 
George  Street,  to  see  them  at  length 
safely  deposited  in  the  commodious  and 
secure  house  lately  built  for  them  in  St. 
James's  Park,  and  in  which  be  had 
private  apartments  assigned  to  him. 

Mr.  Lemon  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  in  May  1821;  he 
was  almost  an  invariable  attendant  at  its 
meetings,  and  he  was  the  Treasurer  of  a 
private  club  formed  exclusively  of  its 
members,  of  the  meetings  of  which,  by 
his  historical  anecdotes  and  conversational 
talents,  be  formed  the  life  and  soul.  We 
believe  his  only  communication  to  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries  was  in  1821,  of  the 
warrant  of  indemnity  to  Lord  Treasurer 
Middlesex,  for  tbe  jewels  sent  to  Charles 
Prince  of  Wales  in  Spain,  (printed  in  the 
Archeeologia,  vol  xxi.  pp.  118 — 157.)  He 
would  doubtless  have  been  a  much  more 

13 


Lemon,  Esq.  F.S.A.  [Sept. 

extensive  contributor,  from  the  large  store 
of  highly  curious  and  interesting  docu- 
ments under  his  care,  but  that  he  was  not 
at  liberty  to  make  public  any  of  the  State 
Papers  without  the  special  leave  of  tbe 
Secretary  of  State. 

Mr.  Lemon  was  a  much  respected  mem- 
ber of  the  brotherhood  of  Freemasons,  and 
hud  passed  through  all  the  offices,  and  at- 
tained all  the  honours  of  his  lodge.  1  n 
his  younger  days  he  excelled  in  athletic 
exercises;  was  fond  of  rowing,  and  an 
excellent  skaiter.  In  private  life  he  was 
one  of  the  most  amiable  and  benevolent, 
and  in  society  one  of  the  most  agreeable 
and  intelligent  of  men. 

Within  the  last  eighteen  months  Mr. 
Lemon's  health  had  been  seriously  inter- 
rupted by  violent  bilious  attacks,  which, 
in  spite  of  his  active  habits,  frequently 
confined  him  to  his  room.  About  twenty- 
days  before  bis  death  he  slipped  down 
some  stairs,  and  violently  sprained  his 
knee.  The  sprain  was  reduced ;  but  the 
confinement  brought  on  a  recurrence  of 
his  former  disorder,  accompanied  with  in. 
termittent  fever ;  no  danger,  however,  was 
apprehended  until,  on  the  morning  of  the 
27th  July,  a  sudden  change  came  over 
him,  and  in  about  five  and  twenty  minutes 
he  ceased  to  breathe.  On  a  post-mortem 
examination,  his  liver  was  found  seriously 
diseased,  and  his  heart  extensively  ossi- 
fied. His  body  was  interred,  with  that 
of  his  late  wife,  in  Kcnnington  church- 
yard. 

He  became  a  widower  Aug.  20,  1826; 
and  has  left  one  son.  who  has  a  numerous 
family;  and  a  widowed  daughter,  who 
has  one  son.  He  is  succeeded  in  his 
office  of  Deputy  Keeper  of  State  Papers 
by  Mr.  Charles  Lechmere,  late  a  clerk 
in  the  office. 


Major- Gen.  B.  Yoi'xc 
May  19.    At  Bath,  aged  75,  Major- 
Geneml  Brooke  Young,  R.A. 

This  officer  went  to  Canada  in  1776, 
and  joined  General  Burgoyne's  army;  he 
served  that  campaign  as  a  volunteer  with 
the  artillery,  and  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner  at  Saratoga.  In  1 779  he  was  ex- 
changed, and  returned  to  England  In 

1780  he  was  appointed  2d  Lieut,  of  Artil- 
lery, and  went  to  the  West  Indies  to  join 
his  company  at  St  Lucie.  He  was  at  tbe 
taking  of  Sl  Eustatius  the  same  year, 
and  obtained  his  Lieutenancy  in  1783.  In 

1781  be  returned  to  England,  and  in  1787 
embarked  for  Gibraltar.  In  1790  he  was 
ordered  to  the  West  Indies,  and  was  at 
the  taking  of  Martinique,  Guadaloupc, 
and  St.  Lucie  in  1794.  He  had  the  ho- 
nour of  commanding  the  brigade  of  guns 
attached  to  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 


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\835.] 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


329 


of  Kent,  and  at  tbe  storming  of  tbe  Fleur 
d'Epe>took  with  bis  own  sword  an  ensign, 
w  bich  he  presented  to  bis  Royal  High- 
ness.   He  obtained  his  Captain-  Li eute- 
the  same  year,  and  returned  to 
nd  in  1795. 
He  remained  at  Woolwich  until  1798, 
when  he  obtained  his  company  at  Ply- 
mouth Dock.    In  1802  he  embarked  for 
Gibraltar,  in  1803  proceeded  to  Malta; 
in  1804  he  obtained  his  Majority  ;  he  re- 
turned to  England  in  1805,  and  was  imme- 
diately appointed  to  the  command  of  tbe 
artillery    under   orders    for  Bremen, 
where  be  went  and  joined  General  Don. 
Tbe  same  year  be  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Lieut.- Colonel,  and  returned  with 
the   expedition  under  Lord    Cat  heart, 
to  England  in  1806.    He  was  then  ap- 
pointed to  tbe  Sussex  district,  and  in  1807 
removed  to  Cork ;  where  he  remained  in 
the  command  of  tbe  Artillery  in  tbe 
South-  West  district  of  Ireland  until  1 814 ; 
be  then  received  orders  to  take  tbe  com- 
mand of  the  Artillery  in  Ceylon,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  20th  Jan.  1815.  He 
whs  made  Colonel  in  the  army  1813,  in 
the  Royal  Artillery  in  1814k  and  a  Major- 
GeneraJ  in  1819. 


Clergy  Deceased. 
Aged  80,  the  Rev.  J.  Godwin,  of  Wol- 
vorliRjTi  i^T  on  • 

At  Southwell,  aged  83,  the  Rev.  God- 
frey Heathcote. 

The  Rev.  J.  D.  Latouche,  Curate  of 
St  Anne's,  Dublin. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Wilton,  thirty-four 
years  Perpetual  Curate  of  Chapel  Aller- 
too,  in  the  patronage  of  the  Vicar  of 
Leeds. 

Aged  73,  the  Rev.  R.  Wynne,  Rector 
of  Belturbet,  co.  Cavan. 

April  19.    At  Torpoint,  Devonshire 
the  Rev.  John  Nolan,  for  the  last  fourteen 
years  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  Chapel 
at  that  place. 

June  \ .  In  Ballina,  (where  he  had  re- 
sided fifty  years,)  aged  87,  the  Rev.  James 
Xelligau 

At  Bushey,  Herts,  aged  67,  the  Rev. 
Jotrph  Hordew,  Rector  of  that  parish. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  Exeter  col- 
lege, Oxford,  where  he  graduated  M  A. 
1793,  B.D.  1804,  and  by  which  society 
he  was  presented  to  Bushey  in  1 827. 

June  2.  At  Whittingham,  Northum- 
berland, aged  87,  the  Rev.  Edmund  Law, 
B  A.  Vicar  of  that  place,  in  the  patronage 
of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  (Carlisle.  He 
was  formerly  Rector  of  Musgrave  in 
Westmoreland,  for  32  years  Curate  to 
Archdeacon  Paley,  and  a  Magistrate  for 
Cumberland. 

June  5.  At  Torquay,  aged  32,  the 
Gxxt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Rev.  M.  G.  Butther,  B.A.  Minister 
of  Trinity  Church,  Newington  Butts, 
son  of  R.  Butcher,  esq.  of  tbe  Grange, 
Bungay,  Suffolk. 

June  1 1 .  Aged  30,  of  rapid  consump- 
tion, tbe  Rev.  George  Gray  Stuart,  Vicar 
of  Milbourn  St.  Andrew  with  Dewli&h, 
Dorset,  and  Domestic  Chaplain  to  Lord 
Gray;  nephew  to  the  Earl  of  Moray, 
K.T.  He  was  tbe  seventh  and  youngest 
son  of  the  lute  Hon.  Archibald  Stuart, 
of  Bulmerino  and  Cupar  Angus,  N.B. 
and  of  Blandford,  co.  Dorset,  by  Corne- 
lia, youngest  daughter  of  K.  M.  Pley- 
dell,  esq.  He  was  lately  Curate  of  Heck- 
monwike,  in  Yorkshire. 

June  12.  At  Cleasby.  Yorkshire,  aged 
76,  the  Rev.  Richard  WahUti,  for  up- 
wards of  thirty  years  Curate  of  that 
parish. 

June  29.  At  Martock,  Somersetshire, 
at  an  advanced  age,  the  Rev.  Henry  Ben- 
nett, B.  A.,  Vicar  of  that  parish,  to  which 
he  was  presented  in  1798  by  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Cathedral  church  of  Wells. 

June  24.  At  Crowle,  co.  Worcester, 
aged  59,  the  Rev.  Richard  Harrison,  Vi- 
car of  that  parish,  to  which  he  was  insti- 
tuted in  1803  on  his  own  presentation. 

July  2.  At  Elford,  Staffordshire,  in 
bis  70th  year,  the  Rev.  John  Sneyd,  Rec- 
tor of  that  parish  and  Bra  m  shall.  He 
was  the  fifth  son  of  the  late  Ralph  Sneyd, 
esq.  of  Keel  Hall,  by  Barbara,  sister  to 
William  first  Lord  Bagot.  He  was  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  M  A.  1788,  and 
was  presented  to  Bramshall  in  1788  by 
Lord  Willougbby  de  Broke,  and  to  El- 
ford  in  1792  by  Mr.  Greville. 

July  3.  At  Whiteparisb,  Wiltshire, 
in  his  80th  year,  tbe  Rev.  John  Wane, 
Vicar  of  that  parish,  and  Rector  of  Sber- 
field  English,  Hants,  to  both  of  which 
churches  he  was  presented  in  1804  by 
R.  Bristow,  esq.  Among  other  legacies 
he  has  left  to  the  Salisbury  Infirmary, 
50/. ;  to  Winton  Hospital,  50/. ;  10*.  to 
tbe  parish  of  Whiteparish;  and  10/.  to 
the  parish  of  Sherneld  English,  to  be 
distributed  in  bread  amongst  the  poor 
on  the  day  of  his  burial. 

July  6.  At  Reigatc,  the  Rev.  Tho- 
mas Harvey,  Rector  of  Cowden,  Kent, 
to  which  he  was  instituted  in  1804  on  his 
own  petition. 

July  9.  At  Tarporley,  Cheshire,  aged 
S.%  the  Rev.  Thomas  Okell,  for  54  years 
Curate  and  Master  of  the  endowed 
school  at  Tarporley. 

July  14.  At  Hull,  aged  88,  tbe  Rer. 
Edward  Han  kin,  M.A.  and  M.D.  for- 
merly Rector  of  West  Chiltington,  Sussex, 
(in  the  patronage  of  tbe  Earl  of  Aberga- 
venny) which  he  resigned  in  1820. 
July2\.  At  Bourton  on  the  Water, 
2U 


nancv 
Engia 


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Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Sept. 


co.  Glouc.  the  Rev.  John  Courtenay  Cam- 
bell,  Curate  of  Hailing,  and  Domestic 
Chaplain  to  the  Duke  of  Argyll.  He 
was  of  University  College,  Oxford,  M.  A. 
1829. 

Aged  65.  the  Rev.  John  Smith,  M.A. 
Vicar  of  Bicester,  Oxfordshire,  and  Head 
Master  of  Dilhortie  Grammar-school, 
Staffordshire.  He  was  presented  to  Bi- 
cester in  1800  by  Sir  G.  P.  Turner,  Bart 
July  23.  Aged  31,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Charles  Chevalier,  B.A.  of  Pembroke 
college,  Cambridge,  Curate  of  Knoddis- 
hall,  near  Aldborough,  Suffolk. 

July  24.  At  his  son's  house  in  Stour- 
bridge, aged  73,  the  Rev.  Richard  Hughes, 
Hector  of  Sbelsley  Walsh,  Worcestershire, 
to  which  he  was  presented  in  1816  by 
Lord  Foley. 

July  25.  At  Hingham,  Norfolk,  aged 
67,  the  Rev.  Next-man  John  Stubbing  Per- 
petual Curateof  Heigham,  near  Hadleigh, 
Suffolk.  He  was  of  Trinity  coll.  Oxf. 
M-A.  1792,  and  was  recently  collated  to 
Heigham,  by  the  Bishop  of  Norwich. 

July  26.  Aged  94>  the  Rev.  John 
Owsley,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Blaston, 
Leicestershire,  for  the  very  extraordinary 
period  of  sixty-seven  years,  having  been 
presented  by  John  Owsley,  esq.  in  1768. 

July  28.     By  being  thrown  from  a 
jaunting  car,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Herbert,  of 
Carnane,  Rector  of  Castle  Island,  co. 
Kerry,  in  which  valuable  rectory  he  suc- 
ceeded the  late  Lord  Brandon. 

July  30.  At  Runton,  Norfolk,  aged 
76,  the  Rev.  Paul  Joint  son,  late  Rector  of 
Beeston  Regis  and  Ingworth,  in  that 
county.  He  was  of  Cuius  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1780,  was  presented  to  the 
latter  church  in  1788,  and  to  the  former 
in  1800  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy 
of  Lancaster. 

July  31.  At  Chiandola,  near  Nice, 
the  Rev.  Walter  SL  J<  hn  Mildmay,  Rec- 
tor of  Dogmersfield,  Hints,  brother  to 
Sir  Henry  Carew  St.  John  Mildmay, 
Bart,  the  Countess  of  Radnor,  Viscountess 
Bolingbroke,  &c.  He  was  the  ninth  son 
of  Sir  Henry  Paulet  St.  John  Mildmay, 
the  third  Baronet,  of  Farley,  Hants,  by 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  and  cob.  of  Carew 
Mildmay,  esq. ;  was  presented  by  his 
mother  in  1824  to  the  rectories  of  Mottes- 
ton  and  Shorewell,  Hants  ;  and  to  Dog- 
mersficld  in  1829  by  the  same  patron. 

Aug.  4.  At  EUand,  Yorkshire,  the 
Rev.  G.  Ashworth,  formerly  Assistant 
Curate  to  the  lute  Rev.  Robert  Webster, 
of  Ripponden. 

At  Oldberrow,  Worcestershire,  aged  74, 
the  Rev.  Sumuel  Pcshall,  formerly  Rector 
of  that  parish.  He  was  of  Pembroke 
coll.  Oxf.  M.A.  1787;  was  presented  to 
that  living  in  1799;  and  resigned  it  tohia 


son  the  Rev.  S.  D.  Peshall,  in  1820. 
His  youngest  son  died  in  Nov.  1829. 

At  the  Deanery,  Winchester,  of  a  de- 
cline, the  Rev.  William  Blockttone  Rm- 
nell,  Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cambridge, 
son  of  the  Dean  of  Winchester.  He 
graduated  B.A.  1820.  M.A.  1823. 

Aug.  5.  At  Canterbury,  aged  84,  the 
Rev.  Thtophilus  Jones,  B.A.  Rector  of 
St.  Mary's,  in  Romney  Marsh.  He  was 
a  member  of  Pembroke  college,  Oxford  ; 
and  was  collated  to  bis  living  in  1802  by 
Archbishop  Moore. 

Aug.  6.  At  an  advanced  age,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wilson,  Curate  of  Kirk  by  Mulbam- 
dale,  Yorkshire. 

Aug.  7.  At  Oswaldkirk,  Yorkshire, 
aged  71,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Comber,  Rector 
of  that  parish.  He  was  of  Jesus  college, 
Camb.  B.A.  1787;  and  was  formerly 
Vicar  of  Creech  St.  Michael,  Somerset, 
which  he  exchanged  in  1813  for  Oswald- 
kirk, which  was  in  his  own  presentation. 

Aug.  17.  Aged  76,  the  Rev.  John 
Armstrong,  B.D.  for  forty  years  Minister 
of  St.  John's  Chapel,  Hampstead-road. 
He  was  of  Trin.coll.  Camb  B.A.  1797. 

At  Penzance,  the  Rev.  IVilliam  Nttm*, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  William  Nunn, 
esq.  of  Upper  Tooting.  He  was  of  St. 
John's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  181 4*  M.A. 
1817. 

Aug.  21.  At  Rochester,  aged  76,  the 
Rev.  Richard  Jordan,  Vicar  of  Mount- 
field.  Sussex,  and  of  Hoo  St.  Werburgb. 
in  Kent,  and  senior  Minor  Canon  of 
Rochester  cathedral.  He  obtained  the 
first  preferment  in  1791,  the  Minor  Ca- 
nonry  in  1801,  and  was  presented  to  Hoo 
in  1802  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

June  6.  Aged  31,  Mr.  Edward  Fell, 
of  High  Holborn,  eldest  son  of  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Fell,  herald  painter,  who  died  Dec. 
18,  1834,  whose  father  was  a  natural  son 
of  the  Dundas  family.  He  was  exceed- 
ingly well  versed  in  heraldic  matters,  and 
a  zealous  lover  of  all  those  interesting 
pursuits  connected  with  the  study;  and 
in  theatricals.  He  was  occasionally  a 
correspondent  to  the  Gent.  Mag.  (under 
the  signature  of  E.F.J.)  the  Mirror,  and 
Allen's  History  of  London.  He  was  a 
dutiful  son,  and  a  warm  friend,'  and  in  his 
death  bis  family  have  experienced  the  loss 
of  a  second  parent. 

July  1.  in  Wyndbam-place,  William 
Cbarsley,  esq. 

July  2.  At  Lambeth,  aged  71,  Anne, 
wife  of  Edward  L.  Leach,  eBq.  and  third 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Arnold  Carter, 
M.  A.  Vicar  of  St.  Margaret's,  Rochester. 


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Obituary. 


331 


July  8.  In  Great  Stan  hope- street,  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Anne  dowager  Lady  Ashbur- 
ton.  She  was  a  dau.  of  William  Cun- 
ningham, of  Lainshaw,  esq.  by  Margaret 
Nicholson,  dau.  of  the  Hon.  George 
Cranstoun  ;  was  married  Sept.  17,  180.3, 
to  Richard-  Barre  2d  and  last  Lord  Ash- 
burton  of  the  family  of  Dunning,  and  left 
his  widow,  without  issue,  in  1823.  Her 
Ladyship's  remains  were  interred  in  the 
cemetery  at  Kensall-green.  Lord  Crans- 
toun succeeds  to  her  property,  and  to  the 
estates  of  the  late  Lord  Ashburton. 

July  9.  T.  N.  Halifax,  esq.  solicitor, 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  R.  Halifax,  Vicar 
of  Stand isb,  Glouc. 

July.  13.  In  Upper  Berkeley. st.  the 
Baroness  de  Montesquieu,  a  lady  as  ve- 
nerable for  her  charities  as  for  her  years. 

July  18.  At  the  house  of  his  old 
friend  Joshua  Walker,  esq.  in  Grove-end 
-road,  Lewis  AUsopp  Lowdbam,  esq. 
solicitor  to  his  Majesty's  Duchy  of  Corn- 
wall, and  Secretary  of  Lunatics  to  the 
Lords  Commissioners  for  the  custody  of 
the  Great  Seal. 

July  21.  At  the  residence  of  John 
Routh,  esq.  Cumberland-terrace,  Regent's 
Park,  aged  77,  Richard  Bowsher,  esq. 
many  years  an  eminent  solicitor  in  Bath. 

In  West-square,  aged  65,  Charles 
Ward,  esq.  Accountant  of  By  and  Cross 
road  Letters,  in  which  office  he  had  served 
nearly  50  years. 

July  23.  At  Brewer-street,  aged  23, 
D.D.  Davics,  esq.  of  Werndrevy,  Caer- 
martbenshire. 

July2i.  In  the  Hackney-road,  aged 
68,  Mr.  Benjamin  Marshall,  the  cele- 
brated artist :  he  resided  some  years  in 
Newmarket. 

July  2d.  Anna-Guilhermina,  wife  of 
Sir  Peter  Pole,  Bart.  She  was  the  eldest 
dau.  of  Richard  Buller,  esq.  was  married 
Dec.  24,  1798,  and  has  left  a  numerous 
family,  of  whom  the  youngest  is  the 
Countess  of  Winterton. 

July  26.  At  Abingdon-st  Ann-Maria, 
widow  of  John  Kempson,  esq.  of  Black- 
beatb. 

July  27.  At  Thavies  Inn,  aged  86, 
Catharine,  widow  of  R.  Bruce,  esq. 

In  Joiner-st.  Westminster-road,  Signor 
Paulo.  His  wife  and  family  are  totally 
unprovided  for. 

July  28.  Aged  26,  the  Hon.  Frances, 
wife  of  The  Rev.  Cbas.  Leslie,  son  of  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Elphin,  the  fourth  and 
youngest  surviving  daughter  of  Viscount 
Lorton.   She  was  married  April  8,  1834. 

J»ly  29.  At  Brompton,  aged  40,  T. 
Ives,  esq.  formerly  of  Chobham. 

July  31.  Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
J»te  Richard  Little,  esq.  of  Grosvenor- 
Place. 


Lately.  Aged  39,  Walter  Blackburn, 
esq.  of  Leamington. 

At  Shepherd's  Bush,  Mr.  Samuel 
Bagster,  jun.  printer,  eldest  son  of  Mr. 
Biigster,  of  Paternoster-row,  bookseller. 
He  lately  published  a  Treatise  on  Bees, 
reviewed  in  our  March  number,  p.  290. 

Aug.  2.  At  the  bouse  of  her  son-in- 
law,  C.  F.  Barnwell,  esq.  Woburn- place, 
aged  90,  Susannah,  relict  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Lowry,  formerly  Rector  of  Clogbemy, 
co.  Tyrone,  Ireland. 

Aug.  3.  By  the  upsetting  of  a  boat  at 
Black  friars- bridge,  George  F.  third  son 
of  William  Langmore,  M.D.  of  Finsbury 
Square. 

Aged  55,  Henry  Hugh  Holbech,  esq. 
of  Alveston,  co.  Warw. 

Aug.  4,  Aged  87,  Mrs.  Mary  Riving- 
ton,  of  Guildford-street,  last  surviving 
daughter  of  John  Rivington,  esq.  and 
sister  of  the  late  Francis  and  Charles 
Rivington,  esqrs.  of  St.  Paul's  Church- 
yard. 

At  Manor-house,  Deptford,  Capt.  Hill- 
man,  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's 
service. 

Aug.  5.  At  Courland,  Wandsworth, 
road,  aged  85,  Jonathan  Sparrow,  esq. 

Aug.  6.  At  the  house  of  her  brother, 
in  Devonshire  place,  Caroline,  wife  of 
John  Kenyon,  esq. 

Aug.  8.  At  Pimlico,  the  wife  of  John 
Ide  Cozens,  esq. 

Aged  74,  John  Danvcrs,  esq.  of  Bur- 
ton-street. 

At  an  advanced  age,  Mrs.  Montagu 
Cribb,  daughter  of  Lady  Jane  Courtenay, 
and  relict  of  Major  Cribb,  of  the  79th 
Foot,  who  died  in  the  West  Indies,  in 
early  manhood. 

William  Cattley,  esq.  late  of  Barnet. 

Aug.  9.  Suddenly,  in  Hyde  Park, 
William  King,  esq.  of  Lower  Eaton-st. 

Aug.  10.  At  Brompton-park,  aged  50, 
George  Hammendey,  esq. 

Jane,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John 
Perring,  Bart. 

Aug.  11.  Aged  73,  T.  Bignold,  esq. 
late  of  Norwich,  and  Philippines,  Kent. 

At  Gower-st.  North,  aged  82,  John 
Boys,  esq.  late  of  Maidstone. 

Aged  46,  Elizabeth- Sarah,  wife  of  F. 
C.  Colmore,  esq. 

In  Bridge-st.  Westminster,  John  M* 
Cance,  esq.  M  P.  for  Belfast. 

Aug.  13.  Aged  46,  Capt.  Charles 
Knatchbull,  on  half-pay  of  the  20th  Light 
Dragoons;  half-brother  to  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Sir  Edw.  Knatchbull,  Bart.  He  wbs  the 
fourth  son  of  Sir  Edward  the  eighth  Ba- 
ronet, and  the  second  by  his  2d  wife, 
Frances  2d  dau.  of  Governor  Graham. 

At  the  Bank  of  England,  having  just 
completed  his  75th  yeur,  Thomas  Rippon, 


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332 


Obituary 


esq.  chief  cashier,  after  devoting  his  unre- 
mitted exertions  to  that  Establishment, 
during  upwards  of  half  a  century. 

At  Chelsea,  Capt  T.  M.  Carter,  late 
of  101st  regiment. 

Aged  72,  Charlotte,  wife  of  Mr.  Big- 
gar,  Aldersgate-st.  and  sister  of  the  late 
Adm.  B.  Douglas. 

Aug.  15.  At  78,  Joseph  Staines,  esq. 
of  Charlotte  st.  Fitzroy.sq. 

Aug.  16.  Aged  17,  Anne,  eldest  dau. 
of  Wadham  Wyndham,  esq.  of  Dorset- 
place,  and  Beech  Lodge,  Murlow. 

Aug.  18.  In  Seymour-st.  Portman-sq. 
aged  28,  Mary  Armstrong,  the  wife  of 
Octavius  Hanbury,  esq. 

At  CamberweW,  at  the  residence  of 
her  son  in-law,  R.  H.  Pigeon,  esq.  aged 
75,  Ellen,  relict  of  William  Toulmin, 
esq.  of  Croydon. 


Beds.— July  25.  Suddenly,  at  Bed- 
ford, aged  42,  Thomas  Wells,  esq.  only 
son  of  the  late  S.  Wells,  esq.  banker,  of 
Biggleswade. 

Bkrks. — Aug.  12.  At  Marcham  Park, 
aged  43,  Frances-Emily,  wife  of  Thomas 
Duffield,  esq.  M.P.  for  Abingdon. 

Bucks. — At  Wycomb,  Mrs.  Ann  Hil- 
lersden  Fauldcr,  widow  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Faulder,  of  WTest  Wycomb,  Kent,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  D.  F.  Hillersden,  esq.  of 
Elstow,  Beds. 

Aug.  4.  At  Den  ham,  aged  61,  Frances 
Fountain,  wife  of  R.  Whitfield,  esq.  latt; 
of  St  Thomas's,  Southwark. 

Cambridge. — July  15.  At  Wisbech, 
in  her  58th  year,  Harriet,  relict  of  Wil- 
liam Watson,  esq. 

At  Cambridge,  when  attending  her  mo- 
ther Mrs.  Torriano,  Maria  Margaret,  wife 
of  John  Stow,  esq.  of  Greenwich. 

July  23.  At  Cambridge,  aged  73,  So- 
phia, widow  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Kerrich, 
F.S.A.  principal  librarian  to  the  Univer- 
sity. She  was  the  fourth  dau  of  Richard 
Ilayles,  esq.  surgeon,  in  Cambridge,  and 
was  left  a  widow  May  10,  1828. 

Cornwall.— June  30.  At  Falmouth, 
Captain  Andrew  King,  C.  B.  Superin- 
tendent of  Packets  at  that  port.  He  was 
a  son  of  the  late  William  King,  of  South- 
ampton, esq.  and  brother  to  Capt.  Ed- 
ward Durnford  King,  R.  N.  Having  en- 
tered the  naval  service  at  an  early  age,  he 
served  as  Midshipman  on  board  the  Bel- 
lerophon,  bearing  the  flag  of  Rear-Admi- 
ral Pasley,  in  the  glorious  battle  of  the 
1st  of  June,  1794.  Being  made  Lieute- 
nant in  the  Andromeda  frigate,  and  after- 
wards first  of  La  Desiree,  he  was  wounded 
in  that  ship  during  the  attack  on  Copen- 
hagen by  Lord  kelson  in  1801  He  was 
fourth  Lieutenant  of  the  Victory,  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  Trafalgar,  21st  Oct. 


1805,  and  made  Commander  on  the  22d 
Jan.  180G.    During  the  capture  of  Co- 
penhagen, in  1807,  he  commanded  the 
Hebe,  hired  armed  ship,  and  brought 
home  the  Waldemar,  80 ;  he  was  made 
Post  for  this  service  in  Oct.  of  that  year. 
He  was  next  appointed  Acting  in  the 
Venerable  74,  and  assisted  at  the  reduc- 
tion of  Flushing,  in  August  1809.  He 
passed  thence  to  the  Hannibal,  74,  and 
Royal  George,  100,  flag-ships;  and  sub- 
sequently obtained  command  of  the  Rain- 
bow, 26,  and  Iphigenia,  frigate,  in  the 
Mediterranean.     In  the  latter  ship  he 
assisted  at  capture  of  Genoa,  in  1814, 
and  sailed  shortly  afterwards  with  a  fleet 
of  transports  under  his  convoy  from  Gib- 
raltar to  Bermuda.    In  October  1815  he 
proceeded  to   India,  from  whence  he 
brought  home  the  CornwalH.%  74.  He 
w  as  next  appointed,  December  28,  1821, 
to  the  Active,  46,  which  ship  he  com- 
manded until  Sept.  1824.    His  last  ap- 
pointment was  that  of  Superintendent  of 
Packets  at  Falmouth,  which  took  place  in 
May  1834. 

Devon. — July  16.  At  Ezmouth,  Mrs. 
Spier,  widow  of  John  Erasmus  Spier,  esq. 
and  sister  to  Thomas  Thornewell,  esq. 
of  Dove  Cliff  House,  Staffordshire. 

July  23.  At  Budleigh  Salterton,  Har- 
riott, wife  of  James  N.  Garner,  esq.  of 
Barbadoes,  dan.  of  the  late  Edward  Wil- 
mot,  esq.  of  Clifton. 

July  26.  At  Stonebouse,  Capt.  William 
Morgan,  R.N.  He  entered  the  Navy  in 
1795,  obtained  his  first  commission  in 
1803,  and  was  made  Commander  in  1828, 
previously  to  which  he  had  commanded 
the  Dextrous  gun-brig,  and  Nimble  and 
Lapwing  revenue  cruizers.  He  was  ap- 
pointed an  inspecting  officer  of  the  Coast 
Guard  in  July  1830,  but  in  Oct.  1832 
joined  the  Malabar  74,  from  which  he 
was  invalided  in  June  1 833. 

July  30.  In  her  80th  year,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Thomas  Granger,  esq.  of  Exeter. 

At  Heavitree,  Amelia,  widow  of  Capt. 
R.  J.  Neve,  R.N. 

Aug.  6.  At  llfracombe,  aged  80,  Ca- 
therine, widow  of  the  Rev.  J  Roget,  and 
sister  to  the  late  Sir  Samuel  Romillv. 

Aug  20.  Aged  78,  Capt.  Rich.  Weeks, 
of  Woodhayne,  near  Honiton,  and  late  of 
Bath. 

Dorset. — July  20.  At  Sherborne, 
aged  80,  Louisa  M  orris,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Geo.  Shuttleworth,  Rector  of  Wey- 
mouth, widow  of  Thos.  Morris,  esq.  and 
formerly  of  Rev.  H.  F.  Yeatman,  B.D. 
Prebendary  of  Wells,  and  Vicar  of  East 
Brent. 

At  Blandford,  Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
John  Baskett,  Rector  of  Dunsby,  Line. 

July  21.  At  Blandford,  aged  70,  James 
Dale.  esq.  of  Glanrillc's  Wootton. 


i 


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Obituary. 


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At  Shaftesbury,  aged  40,  Louisa,  eldest 
Surviving  dau.  of  Chas.  Lush,  of  Charles, 
square,  London,  one  of  His  Majesty's 
Deputy  Lieuts.  for  the  Tower  Hamlets. 

July  27.  At  Leweston,  in  her  15th  year, 
Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  Ward, 
Rector  of  Compton  Greenfield,  GIouc. 

Gloucestershire.  —  July  3.  At 
Berkeley,  aged  59,  Lieut.  Adam  Robert- 
son, R.N. 

July  6.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  64,  Wil- 
liam Edwards,  esq.  of  Chester,  and  for- 
merly for  many  years  a  respectable  medi- 
cal practitioner  at  Pairford. 

July  20.  At  Wootton-under-Edge,  aged 
70,  Henry  Winchcombc  Dyer,  esq.  for 
many  years  a  deputy-lieutenant  and  act- 
ing magistrate  for  the  county. 

Henry  Quintyne  Winwood,  esq.  of 
Henbury  Hill,  near  Bristol. 

July  24.  At  Road  Hill,  near  Bristol, 
aged  71,  T.  W.  Ledyard,  esq. 

Aug.  7.  At  Fishponds,  near  Bristol, 
aged  81,  Anne,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Na- 
thaniel Trotman. 

Aug.  12.  Anne,  relict  of  Thomas  Hill, 
esq.  of  Hambrook  House. 

Hants. — July  6.  Aged  84,  Thomas 
Townsend,  esq  of  Winchester. 

July  22.  At  Lymington,  J.  Praser, 
esq.  of  the  Madras  Civil  Service,  son  of 
W.  Praser,  esq.  Culbokie,  Inverness-shire. 

July  25.  At  Portsmouth,  aged  47,  Fran- 
ces Emily,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  F. 
Milman,  Bart. 

Aug.  12.  At  Southampton,  aged  29, 
Eliab  Harvey  Breton,  esq.  of  Hare  wood, 
Surrey. 

Hereford. — July  21.  Aged  23,  Rich- 
ard, second  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  Hopton, 
of  Canon  Frome  Court. 

Aug.  5.  At  Upton  Bishop,  aged  62, 
the  Hon.  Anna  Maria  Yorke,  half-sister 
to  Earl  Somers.  She  was  the  4th  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  first  Lord  Somers,  and 
the  eldest  child  of  his  second  wife,  Anne, 
dau.  of  Reginald  Pole,  esq.  She  was 
married  in  1797  to  the  Rev.  Philip  Yorke, 
4th  son  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Ely,  and 
cousin  to  the  Earl  of  Hardwicke  ;  and 
was  left  a  widow  in  1817,  with  three  sons 
and  six  daughters.  She  was  killed  by 
being  thrown  from  a  car,  the  horse  hav- 
ingbeen  frightened  by  a  beggar. 

Herts. — July  27.  At  Cheshunt,  aged 
85,  J.  Westiy,  esq.  late  of  St  Petersburgh. 

Aug.  17.  Aged  43,  G.  Pearson,  esq.  of 
East  Barnet. 

Hunts. — July  17.  At  Ramsey,  Hunts, 
(where  he  was  on  a  visit  to  his  brother- 
in-law,  the  Rev.  M.  H.  Crofts,)  T.  Ave- 
ling,  aged  34,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Mr. 
T.  Aveliug,  of  Whittlesea,  in  the  Isle  of 
Ely,  gent,  grandson  of  T.  Aveling,  esq. 
High  Sheriff  in  1801. 


Kent. — July  28.  At  Chatham  Dock- 
yard, Lady  Gordon,  wife  of  Capt.  Super- 
intendent Sir  J.  A.  Gordon,  K.C.B. 

July  31.  At  Lower  Walmer,  aged  61, 
Catherine,  widow  of  Duncan  Mackintosh, 
esq.  Colonel  60th  regiment. 

Aug.  1.  At  Canterbury,  in  his  73d 
year,  Lieut.-Col.  R.  Gordon,  of  the  Hon. 
East  India  Company's  service,  for  22 
years  Adjutant-general  on  the  Bombay 
Establishment. 

Aug.  4.  At  Ramsgate,  aged  18,  Eliza 
Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  George  Rob- 
son,  of  Erbistock,  co.  Flint ;  and  grand- 
daughter of  the  late  James  Robson,  esq. 
of  New  Bond-street,  and  of  Sir  Natha- 
niel Conant. 

Aug.  9.  At  Charlton,  aged  27,  Lieut 
C.  D.  Graham,  of  the  5th  Dutch  Dra- 
goons, second  son  of  the  late  Col.  D. 
Graham,  Deputy  Governor  of  St.  Maw's. 

Lancaster. — JulyTt.  Eleanor  Ather- 
ton,  fifth  dau.  and  twelfth  child  of  Mr. 
W.  J.  Roberts,  of  Liverpool. 

Leicestersh. — July.  28.  At  Leices- 
ter, aged  70,  Samuel  Alston,  esq.  a  highly 
respected  solicitor. 

Aug.  4.  At  Syston,  aged  77,  Ann, 
widow  of  Rev.  H.  Woodcock,  Vicar  of 
Barkby. 

Lincolnshire. — Aug.  5.  At  Louth, 
Edward  L'Oste,  esq.  M.D.  one  of  the 
magistrates  for  that  town. 

Middlesex.  —  Aug.  14.  Drowned, 
whilst  bathing  in  the  reservoir  at  Kings- 
bury, Charles  Radclyffe,  aged  31  years  ; 
Alexander  Henry,  aged  19 years;  William 
George,  aged  17  years;  and  Edward,  aged 
15  years ;  the  four  sons  of  Alexander 
RadclyfTe  Sidebottom,  esq.  of  Sloane- 
street  and  Lincoln's-inn,  barrister-at-law. 
The  eldest  lost  his  life  in  attempting  to 
rescue  his  brothers,  who,  clinging  to  him, 
kept  him  below  the  water. 

Monmouth. — Aug.  6.  At  Monmouth, 
aged  59,  Thomas  Dyke,  esq.  upwards  of 
forty  years  eminently  engaged  in  the 
commerce  of  that  town  ;  formerly  Mayor. 

Norfolk. — July  29.  At  Norwich, 
aged  88,  the  widow  of  the  Rev.  C.  Lang- 
ford,  Rector  of  Great  Massinghanv 

Northampton. — Aug.  3.  At  North- 
ampton, Maria  Dorothea,  wife  of  J.  8. 
Jenkins,  esq.  eldest  dau.  of  G.  L.  Hol- 
linsworth,  esq.  of  Clapham-common. 

Oxon. — July  27.  At  Oxford,  aged  11, 
Sophia  Anne,  only  surviving  child  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Bliss,  Registrar  of  that  Uni- 
versity. 

Somerset.— June  23.  At  Wells,  sped 
90,  John  Lovell,  parish  clerk  for  62  years; 
during  which  period  he  had  officiated  at 
the  marriage  of  2,673  couples,  at  the  bu. 
rial  of  6,008,  and  the  baptising  of  9,313 
individuals. 


Digitized  by  Google 


334 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


July  13.  At  Bath,  aged  60,  John  Edgar, 
esq. 

Aug.  4.  At  Stoke-house,  near  Shep- 
ton  Mallett,  aged  41,  Louisa  Margaret, 
7th  dau.  of  the  late  J.  H.  Chichester,  esq. 

Aug.  13.  In  Bath,  aged 7 5,  Hugh  Percy 
Ridpath,  esq. 

In  Bath,  aged  85,  the  widow  of  Major- 
Gen.  Sydenham,  Commandant  of  the  Ma- 
dras Artillery. 

Aug  22.  At  Bath,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
George  Law,  esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and 
Montague -place,  Russell-square. 

Stafford. — July  31.  At  Madeley 
Manor,  in  her  18th  year,  Eglantine,  2d 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  Philip 


July  6.  At  Bognor,  in  her  80th  year, 
the  widow  of  Charles  Edward  Wilson, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Bewdley. 

Lately.  Ai  Mountfield,  aged  83,  Mr. 
T.  Smith,  banker. 

Aug.  2.  At  Burton  Park,  aged  86, 
John  Biddulph,  esq.  He  was  the  last  of 
a  family  of  whom  a  pedigree  will  be 
found  in  Cartwright's  Rape  of  Arundel, 

£.  2H2 ;  being  the  eldest  son  of  Charles 
liddulph,  esq.  who  died  in  1784,  by  his 
first  wife  Elizabeth,  dau  of  Sir  Henry 
Bedingfeld,  of  Oxborough,  co.  Norfolk, 
bart. 

Aug.  5.  At  Hastings,  Anna  Maria, 
wife  of  H.  Shank,  esq.  of  Gloucester- 


Grey   Egerton,   Bart,  of  Oulton-park,  place,  Portman -square. 

Cheshire.  slug.  6.    At  Brighton,  Louisa  Anne, 

Suffolk. — July  15.  At  Bury  St.  Ed-  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Agnew,  of 

mund's,  Annabella,  wife  of  Lyons  En-  the  Madras  Army. 

raght,  esq.  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Aug.  8.   At  Brighton,  aged  80,  Mary, 

John  Bidwell  Edwards,  esq.  of  Bradfield.  widow  of  J.  Shutt,  esq.  of  Walthamstow. 

July  24.  Thomas  Cobbold,  esq.  of  Ips-  Warwick. — July  25.   At  Brandon, 

wich.  Frances  Annabella,  wife  of  William  Asshe- 

Surrky. — July  20.  At  Croydon,  in  ton,  esq.  of  Downham  Hall,  co.  Lane. 


her  70th  year,  Mary,  widow  of  James 
Moore,  esq.  of  Stamford-street. 

July  23.  At  Weybridge,  Sarah  Wood- 
year,  the  wife  of  F.  B.  Bedwell,  esq. 

Aug.  I.  At  Ewcll,  aged  77,  Joseph 
Wolfe,  esq. 


dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Wm.  Cockayne,  of 
Rushton  Hall,  Northamptonshire. 

Aug.  12.  At  Leamington,  aged  60,  Jo- 
seph Cradock, esq. 

Aug.  18.  At  Leamington,  in  her  21st 
year,  Elizabeth  Catherine,  last  surviving 


slug.  6.  Aged  53,  T.  Sherborn,  esq.  of    dau.  of  Capt.  Mangin,  R.  N. 
Letherhead.  Wilts.— July  21.  T.  Timbrell,  esq. 

Aug.  10.  At  Anningsley,  the  eldest  son    solicitor,  of  Trowbridge. 


of  J.  Searle,  jun.  of  York-place,  Port- 
man -square. 

Aug.  13.  In  consequence  of  being 
thrown  from  his  chaise,  H.  F.  Willats, 
esq.  of  Chertsey. 

Aug.  19.  At  Walton,  aged  95,  Mrs. 
Frances  Thackeray. 

Aug.  25.  At  the  house  of  her  mother- 
in-law  the  Dowager  Countess  of  Guil- 
ford, Putney  Hill,  aged  36,  Lady  Geor- 
giana  North,  third  and  youngest  dau.  of 
George  Augustus  third  Earl  of  Guildford, 
and  one  of  the  coheirs  of  the  Barony  of 
North,  which  now  remains  in  abeyance 
only  between  her  two  surviving  sisters, 
the  Marchioness  of  Bute  and  Lady  Susan 
North. 

Sussex. — Feb.  13.  At  Worthing,  aged  co.  Brecon,  aged  77,  Charles  Lawrence  j 
upwards  of  80,  Lt.-Gen.Sir  Richard  Jones,  esq. 

K.C.B.  of  the  Bombay  Establishment.  Aug.  12.  At  Cardiff,  aged  56,  after  a 
He  commanded  as  Major-Gen.  a  division  few  days'  illness,  Richard  Vang h an,  esq. 
of  Lord  Lake's  army,  in  Guzerat,  in  the  formerly  of  Clifton,  Bristol, 
year  1804;  and  received  the  thanks  of  Scotland. — June  29.  At  Forres,  He- 
his  Lordship,  and  of  the  Governor  in  len,  only  daughter  of  the  late  Alexander 
Council,  in  Jan.  following.  After  nearly  Dunbar,  esq.  of  Boath,  and  sister  of  Sir 
forty  year's  service  he  returned  to  Eng.  James  Dunbar,  of  Boath,  Bart.  Captain 
land  in  October  1809-    He  was  nomi-  R.N. 

nated  K.C.B.  Feb.  3,  1817.  His  death  Aug.  3.  Maria,  wife  of  Major-Gen. 
ensued  from  a  cold,  caught  by  being  Sir  Alex.  Leith,  K.C.B.  of  Frcefield  and 
driven  by  a  post  boy  into  a  pond,  on  his  Glenkendie,  Aberdeenshire,  dau.  of  R. 
return  from  dining  with  the  Earl  of  Surrey.     W.  D.  Thorp,  M.D.  of  Leeds. 


July  22.  At  Bishop's  Cannings,  in  his 
13th  year,  Reginald  John,  5th  son  of  the 
Rev.  Archdeacon  Macdonald. 

Yorkshire. — July  28.  By  the  acci- 
dental discharge  of  his  gun  in  passing  a 
hedge,  aged  16,  Robert,  only  son  of  Ro- 
bert Riiisdale,  esq.  of  Murton  hall,  near 
York. 

Aug.  4.  Aged  70,  Joseph  Haigh,  esq. 
of  Whitwell  Hall  and  Spring  Wood. 

Aug.  6.  John  Woodall,  esq.  one  of 
the  senior  members  of  the  Corporation  of 
Scarborough.  He  was  the  principal  patron 
of  music  in  his  native  place  ;  and  to  his 
taste  and  exertions~Scarborough  is  in- 
debted for  most  of  its  delightful  walks. 
Walks. — June  2.  At  Llanilwith  hall, 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.3 


Bill  of  Mortality.— Markets.— Price  of  Shares. 


335 


Thblakv. — July  23.  At  Galway,  aged 
28,  Dr.  Evans,  a  native  of  that  town.  He 
was  appointed,  on  a  vacancy,  to  the  Dis- 
pensary at  Clifden  (Ireland)  in  1832;  in 
1833,  married  Jane  Isabella,  daughter  of 
Sir  Horace  St  Paul,  Bart,  of  Ewart  Park, 
Northumberland,  and  has  left  an  infant 
son  seven  months  old. 

July  28.  At  Dublin,  Thomas  Taylor, 
esq.  chief  clerk  in  the  Secretary  of  State's 
office,  Dublin  Castle. 

East  Indies. — Nov.  26.  At  Bancote, 
on  his  journey  to  Bombay,  to  embark  for 
Europe  for  the  recovery  of  his  health, 
Capt.  Benjamin  Kingston,  of  the  17th 
Bombay  Native  Inf.  after  16  years  service 
in  the  East  Indies. 


Lately.  Aged  23,  Frederic,  second  son 
of  Colonel  Turner,  Assistant  Adjutant- 
general,  of  Trafalgar  Hill,  Cork. 

West  Indies. — June  5.  At  Jamaica, 
Dorothy,  wife  of  the  Hon.  Curtis  Philip 
Berry. 

June  18.  At  Jamaica,  George  Neate, 
esq.  late  of  Fenchurch -street. 

Abroad.— April  27.  At  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  W.  T.  Robertson,  esq.  of 
the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  and  eldest  son 
of  Colin  Robertson,  esq. 

May  29.  At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
Major  Charles  Franklin  Hart,  Deputy 
Quartermaster-general  Bombay  Army,  and 
eldest  son  of  Charles  Hart,  esq.  Ken- 
sington. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  July  22  to  August  25,  1835. 


Christened 
Males  1207 
1097 


2301 


Males 


Buried. 

874 
707 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  645 


2  and  5 
5  and  10 
10  and  20 
and  30 
and  40 
and  50 


)  20 
^40 


183 
64 
62 
83 
129 
151 


50  nnd 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 
90  and 
100 


60  143 
70  124 
80  98 
90  28 
100  9 
2 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Aug.  14. 


Wheat. 
$.  d. 
42  6 


Barley. 
27  9 


Oats. 
*.  d. 
25  3 


Rye. 
*.  d. 
4 


Beans. 
*.  d 
39  7 


Peas. 

*.  d. 
32  6 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  Aug.  24. 


Famham  (seconds)  01  0*.  to 

Kent  Pockets          41,  0*.  to 

3L  15*.  to  4/.  15*. 

31.  15*.  to  5/.  5*. 


0L  0*. 
67.  10*. 


Lamb   At.  Od.  to  5*.  Od. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Aug.  24. 

Beasts  2,618    Calves  2-34 

Sheep  &  Lambs  28,756    Pigs  399 


Rent  Bags  4/.  0/.  to  51.  Or 

Sussex  01.  0*.  to  0/.  0*. 

Essex  0L  0$.  to  01.  Ot. 

Farnham  (fine)  67.  10*.  to  71.  10*. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Aug.  23. 
Smithfield,  Hay,  3/.0*.  to  5/.  0*_Straw,  1/.  14*.  to  21. 0*.— Clover,  31. 15*.  to  5/.  15*. 
SMITHFIELD,  Aug.  24.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs 

Beef.  2*.   6U  to  4*.  2d. 

Mutton  2*.    4d.  to  4*.  2d. 

Veal  3*.   2d.  to  4*.  8d. 

Pork  3*.    6rf.  to  4*.  0,/. 

COAL  MARKET,  Aug.  24. 
Walls  Ends,  from  18*.  Od.  to  27*.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  16*.  6d.  to  19*.  3d. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt  — Town  Tallow,  51*.  6rf.    Yellow  Russia,  40*.  Od. 
SOAP.— Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd,  *. 

CANDLES,  6*.  6d.  per  doz.    Moulds,  8*.  Od.  

_____     _____     _________       _____  ^  — . 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 
At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill.  „ 

Birmingham  Canal,  254.  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  87  Grand  Junction, 

232$  Kennet  and  Avon,  20.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  527$.  Regent's,  15. 

■  Rochdale,  140.  London  Dock  Stock,  55J.  St.  Katharine's,  71.  West 

India,  95.  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  197.  Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  5U.  West  Middlesex,  77.  Globe  Insurance,  151.  Guardian,  35. 

—Hope,  0\.  Chartered  Gas  Light,46$.  Imperial  Gas,  44$.  Phcenix  Gas, 

84$  Independent  Gas,  50.  General  United,  37$.  Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 35.  Keversionary  Interest,  130. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 


Digitized  by  Google 


336 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 
From  July  26,  to  August  25,  1835,  both  inclusive. 
Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


Pay  of 

Month. 

clock 
•rning. 

•uoo 

o± 

■  zx 

• 

1 

Weather. 

o 

x  S3 

July 

0 

0 

a 

in.  pts. 

fair 

26 

70 

75 

58 

30,  14 

27 

71 

80 

64 

,  05 

do. 

28 

74 

84 

59 

,  05 

ilo.  cloudy 

20 

65 

77 

62 

.  20 

do.  rain 

30 

72 

61 

67 

,  M 
,  10 

do. 

31 

65 

73 

59 

do. 

A.I 

65 

76 

60 

.  08  Ido. 

2 

67 

57 

29,  96 

do.  cloudy 

3 

65 

7°0 

54 

30,  00  'do.  do. 

66 

73 

59 

,  00  !do.  do. 

2 

68 

79 

63 

,  00 

do.  do. 

6 

68 

79 

67 

,  00 

do.  do. 

7 

67 

72 

55 

29.  96 

cloudy,  rain 

8 

58 

71 

54 

W,  21 

lair 

9 

62 

75 

59 

,  30  jtiiie 

10 

69 

82 

67 

,26 

do. 

Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


$  3  ;  js  I 


§  3  J 

§  Eg.* 


5 


Weather. 


Aug. 

c 

0 

0 

II 

75 

86 

67 

12 

70 

81 

66 

13 

62 

70 

58 

14 

60 

71 

67 

15 

65 

74 

64 

16 

66 

78 

68 

17 

68 

73 

62 

18 

65 

75 

60 

19 

64 

74 

62 

20 

66 

78 

65 

21 

68 

80 

67 

22 

68 

76 

60 

23 

65 

70 

63 

24 

66 

72 

59 

25 

60 

71 

59 

in.  pts.  I 

30,  00  fair,  cloudy 

29,  90  'cloudy 

30,  06  'do.  fair 
,  20  fair 

,  15  do. 
,  14  cloudy 
,  20  fair 
,  26  ido. 
,  10  do. 
29,  85  do. 
,  59  |do.  rain 
,  70  cloudy 
,  76  do.  rain 
,  56  lair,  do. 


,57 


do.  cloudy 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  July  28,  to  Augutl  27,  1&35,  both  inclusive. 


c  . 

d  (0 


Q1  \z*\ii\  K 

o-o  i ss —  f  — M  1  £ 


1  If  § 


28215  901  |90  4 
29|  '90*  i90j89| 


99  98 
96*981 


4i  tr. 
SO  '= 

&5 


i  16J  

ri  17  !  '  


1! 

»■*  on 


O 
*0 


30  2144/90     189|    *!          99  97*    8*  16^ 

312144  90*    |89i    4,  ™i  99  97J   8*|  16| 

1'  '-90 1    190     i          99*  984 

3  215  '91  904  90189*;   99*98* 


4  2I5$'90*    *89*  90  99*.  99<  98* 

5  216  ;90i  1*  90*    1!          99*  98| 

6'215  191  901  901    t          99,  98^ 

72144901    190^89^'  !  99  |96* 

8  2l5"|90i    i90|  90  '  99*981 

10!2I5  |90i    1894    i  1  99  98* 

II  215  90     *891    i          99  97 

]2  90*89*89*    f  984J  98fl98 

13215}  89490*  694    f  98*  96*. 97* 

142154190     1891  90.  '  99  '971 

15  215  }  90*    189*  90!   98J98 

171215^901    *90  89|  !  99  ,98* 

16215  190*  4  891  *  .  99  <  99  J98* 
192151  90489J  891  l'  99  I  98^98* 
201         89^90^  891  1  98*  98*98 

21  216  90|    1|891  90  99*  991981 

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\jia  soutn  oea  .Annuities,  Aug. 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  Broker,  1,  Bank  Buildings,  Cornhill, 

late  Richardson,  Goodlick,  and  Arncjij.. 


J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON.  35,  PARLIAMENT  STREET. 


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SB 

m 

III 

— J| 

■  ^    SBC  3  f  * 

1 

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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE, 

OCTOBER,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Minor  Correspondence. — Elstow  Priory — Charles  I. 'a  George — Markenfield 


Mimumcnt  at  Ripon. —  Depicts  of  P.C.L.  and  l.L.P.  N.,  ■  N:c   333 

Cowfer's  Life  and  Works,  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  S,  Grimshawe    339 

Cowper's  marginal  remarks  on  Johnson's  Life  of  Milton    343 

Ox  thk  Operation  of  the  Old  and  New  Poor  Laws:  Surplus  Popula- 
tion, Cottage  Allotments,  Colonization,  &c   345 

New  Record  Commission,  No.  II L— Pipe  Roll  of  31st  Henry  1   353 

On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare   361 

Description  of  the  Manor  House  of  Kingston  Seymour,  Somerset  ».  370 

Memorials  of  Literary  Characters,  No.  IX. 

Letters  to  Aaron  Hill,  Esq.  from  Hugh  Earl  of  Marchmont,  371 ,  372 ;  from 
the  Hon.  A.  Hume  Campbell,  373  ;  and  from  Philip  Earl  of  Chesterfield, 
3Tl  ;  LctU  r  front  David  Mallet,  Esq.  tu  Alexander  Pope,  Esq   314 

Account  of  t he  ancient  Family  of  Pc  Bathe,  of  Devonshire  and  Ireland   375 

Gravestone  of  llbert  de  Chaa,  at  Lacock  Abbey,  Wilts   377 

Ancient  Tenures  relating  to  Archery    37!) 

Expenses  in  conducting  the  body  of  Sir  Henry  Sidney,  K.G.  in  1586    379 

Account  of  the  Peking  Gazette   384 

Adversaria,  Historical,  Biographical,  and  Literary  H4 

Retrospective  Review. —  Pilgrimage  of  Samuel  Pnrchas,  387. — Lord  Falk- 
land's P<u-ms    3M!) 

REVIEW  OF  NEWr  PUBLICATIONS. 


Raurner's  History  of  the  16th  and  17th  Centuries,  303.— Works  on  the  Trinity, 
— Archgologia,  \ol.  \  XVI.  part  1.400 —Hod  gson's  History  of  Northum- 
berland ;  Ansel!  on  Frirndly  Societies,  406*.-  W  illiams's  History  of  Sculp- 
ture in  Wood,  407. — Driver's  Harold  de  Burun,  40H. — Manuscripts  of 
Erdeley,  40?)  — Sytnonds'  Mechanics  of  Law-making,  410. — De  Crequi's  Re- 
collections of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  &c   . .~  413 

FINK  XKTS. —  Stained  (ila-s  at  Honisey  Church,  413.  —  Panorama  of  Ceylon. — 

Plans  and  Prints  of  the  Palace  of  Wt     min>ti  r  *   Ill 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications;  Circulation  of  Parisian  Newspapers,  415. — Halley's  Comet, 
416.— Mr.  Mathews's  Theatrical  Collections,  &c   41b'.  417 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. — City  of  Todi ;  Cave  Temples  in  India,  &c.  418 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  419.  —  Foreign 

News,  423. — Promotions,  Prefermrnts,  Ike.  425. — Marriages    426 

OBITUARY  ;  with   Memoirs  of  Sir  J"hn  Edmund  Brown--',  Bart.  ;  Admiral 
Sir  Francis  Laforey,  Bart.  ;  Lieut. -General  George  Cookson  ;  Hear- Admiral 
James  Bowen;  Charles  Loraine  Smith.  Esq.  ;  George  Tennyson,  Esq.; 
chai  l  Thomas  Sadler,  Esq.  ;  John  Wastie,  Esq. ;  Dr.  Matthew  Lumsden; 
ftcv.  Dr.  M'Crie:  Professor  Reuvens;  Rev.  M.  G.  Butcher;  John  Nash, 

;  G.  S.  Newton,  Esq.;  Mr.  Pope    427—43!) 

Clergy  Deceased,  440. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties   443 

BiU  of  Mortality— Markets— Prices  of  Share»,447— Meteorological  Diary— Stocks  148 

Embellished  with  a  view  of  Kinosvox  Skymhuh  Manor  House,  Sqmkhset  ;  and  a 
Representation  of  the  Sepulchral  Inscription  of  Ilbert  de  Chaz. 


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338 

MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 

G.  requests  any  of  your  Correspondents  south  side  are  the  arms  of  Stafford,  Ne- 

to  inform  him,  1 .  whether  a  ehartulary  of  ville,  a  cross  flory,  Conyers,  and  Marken- 

Elstow  or  Elnestow  Priory  any  where  field.    In  a  filletting  above  is  an  »nscrip- 

exists.  S. Whether,  except  in  Cole's  MSS.,  tion  nearly  obliterated.    I  should  feel 

anv  collections  of  Bedfordshire  Church  greatly  obliged  to  any  of  your  Corre^pond- 

Notes  are  to  be  met  with  ;  and  particu-  ents  if  they  could  furnish  me  with  the  in- 

larly  whether  such  Church   Notes  give  scription,  or  to  whom  the  tomb  really  be- 

entire  the  inscription  in  Elstow  Church  loogs."-J.  G.  N.  is  extremely  happy  to 

of  Margery    Argentine;    and   whether  be  able  to  furnish  this  Correspondent  with 

they  describe  the  brasses  In  Thurleigh  a  copy  of  the  inscription,  having  with  con- 

Church,  of  the  15th  century,  relating  to  siderablc  difficulty  deciphered  it  m  the 

Nernuyt  or   Harvey.    3.   Whether  the  year  l«i30,  notwithstanding  Mr.  bough 

probate  or  any  early  copy  is  to  be  seen  of  (Sepulchral  Monuments,  vol  I.  p.  142; 

the  will  of  Sir  George  Harvcv  of  Thur-  hud  pronounced  it  illegible.    It  is  in  fact 

leigh,  dated  8  April,  1520,  pro'ved  in  the  more  obscure  from  the  bad  style  of  the 

Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  8  May,  carver,  than  obliterated  by  time.  ^  How 

1522,  the  original  will  being  wanting  at  ever,  here  it  is,  nearly  complete  :— *f*  [(0iC 

Doctors  Commons.     4.  Whether  >ny  jatent]  tomad  Of  m'htufflu  Ct  flcuor 

evidence  can  be  given  of  the  ngf  <»f  Sir  uror  fl'urf  [MU  obtlt . .  ..]mo  mcntftrf 

George  Harvey,  of  Thurlcigh,  vlio  <"icd  .Mail  anno  b'ni  meccrlrrpiiij  q1  fult 

13  March  1521-2.    5.  In  .the  14  i:dw.  jfcnctfcballurf   irftiu*  nille  et  nurfcbi 

IV.  a  John  Harvey,  Esq.  r.i.d  sei  ed  of  matljfc'De.  Et  lienor  obllt  .  .  .  .  imntflrf 

the  manors  of  Wooton  and  '  clmcrsham,  .ttlati  a°  b'ni  mCCCClrrr.Hj.    W.  H.  will 

and  lands  in  Radwell  ;  .al  Bletshoe,  in  observe  that  Gent  is  wrong  in  ascribing  it 

Bedfordshire,  and  al  o  of  lands  in  Buck-  to  William  Markenfield,  but  that  it  be- 

inghamshire,  leaving  George  Hirvey,  his  longs  to  Thomas  de  Markenfield,  steward 

son  and  heir,  half  n  vear  old.    Can  this  of  Uipon  and  Kirkby  Malzeard,  who  died 

George  be  identified  with   Sir  George  in  1484,  and  Eleanor  his  wife,  who  died 

Hervey,  of  Thurlcigh,  before  mentioned?  in  1483. 

or  were  there  two  George  Herveys  of  Bed-  C.  F.  remarks,  that  the  character  of 

fordshire  ? — The  object  of  this  inquiry  Lady  Austin,  attributed  to  Bishop  J  ebb, 

is  purely  historical.  in  our  June  number,  p.  564,  should  be 

Rushworth,inhis  Historical  Collections,  referred  to  Mr.  Knox, 

gives  the  following  account  of  a  circum-  LL.B.  inquires  for  accurate  informa- 

stance  that  occurred  at  the  execution  of  tion  respecting  the  distinction  between 

Charles  I.: — "  Then  the  King  took  off  his  the  degrees  of  D.C.L.  and  LL.D.  at  the 

cloak  and  his  George,  giving  his  George  to  present  day.    As  the  matter  stands,  the 

Dr.  Juxton,  saving,  remember  (it is  thought  degree  of  LL.D.  is  conferred  by  the  Uni- 

for  the  Prince),  and  some  other  smallcere-  versities  of  Cambridge  and  Dublin  ;  that 

monies  past."  S.  inquires  respecting  the  of  D.C.L.  by  that  of  Oxford.    LL.D.  is 

subsequent  history  of  this  relique.    There  interpreted  to  be  Doctor  of  Civil  and 

is  a  well  authenticated  account  that  the  Canon  Law.    Yet  in  the  admission  to 

George,  or  some  ot her  memorial  of  the  un-  LL.B.  and  LL.D.  at  Cambridge,  the  ad- 

fortvnate  Charles,  given  to  Juxon  on  the  mission  is  in*  Junn  Civili  only.    And  is 

scaffold,  was  in  the  possession  of  Martha,  there  not  a  statute  of  HeuryVIlI.  whereby 

the  widow  of  Thos.  Heskcth,  Esq.  of  it  is  enacted  that  henceforth  no  degrees  be 

Rufford,  in  the  county  of  Lancaster,  and  conferred  on  Canon  Law,  i.  c.  Canon  Law 

only  daughter  of  James  St.  Amaud,  Esq.  simply  ?    In  foreign  universities  (at  least 

(who. married  a  sister  of  Sir  W'm.  Juxou,  the  Germnn)  we  find  the  degree  of  J.U.D. 

Bart,  a  nephew  to  the  Archbishop,  and  (Juris  Utriusq.  Doctor.)  "  Aud  this  same 

who  died  in  174'i)  but  it  is  not  positively  expression  is  not  altogether  unknown  in 

known  what  became  afterwards  of  the  re-  England,  particularly  in  Latin  epitaphs 

membrance  so  presented.  and  institutions  to  livings. 

W.  H.  remarks: — "  At  the  nor^h  end  S.  S.  will  probably  find  part  of  what  he 
of  the  transept  of  Itipon  Minster  is  an  an-  asks  in  a  Life  of  Lord  Chancellor  Jefl'e- 
cient  altar  tomb,  the  effigies  whereon  are  ries,  published  a  few  years  siuce.  He  fur- 
said  by  Gent,  in  his  History  of  Ripon,  to  ther  inquires,  for  the  origin  and  law  of 
be  William  Markenfield,  Steward  to  the  vote  by  proxy  in  the  House  of  Peers? 
Archbishop  of  York  ;  whilst  a  modern  Query  also  as  to  the  political  privileges  of 
publication  assigns  them  to  Thomas  Nor-  Peeresses  in  their  own  right  ? 
ton  and  his  wife.    On  the  west  end  and 


I 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


COWPER'S  LIFE  AND  WORKS, 

VOL.  III.  AND  IV.     BY  THE  REV.  T.  8.  GRIMSHAWE 

WE  give  all  praise  to  the  manner  in  which  these  volumes  have  been 
printed  and  embellished  by  the  publishers ;  but  we  still  think  them  not 
very  fortunate  in  their  editor.  Of  Mr.  Grimshawe's  piety  and  worth  no 
one  could  doubt,  and  he  appears  also  to  feel  much  interested  in  the  cha- 
racter of  his  author ;  but  he  is  clearly  not  a  person  conversant  with  litera- 
ture j  and  consequently  his  critical  remarks  and  observations  are  not  always 
to  the  purpose.    We  shall  enumerate  a  few  out  of  the  mass. 

In  vol.  iii.  p.  86,  Cowper  mentions,  "  It  is  now  shrewdly  suspected  that 
Homer  did  not  compose  the  poems  for  which  he  has  been  so  long  ap- 
plauded j  and  it  is  even  asserted,  by  a  certain  Robert  Heron,  Esq.  that  Virgil 
never  wrote  a  line  worth  reading.  '    Now,  if  it  were  necessary  to  write  any 
note  at  all  on  the  above  passage,  Mr.  Grimshawe  ought  to  have  specified  the 
names  of  the  critics  who  suspected  that  the  Homeric  poems  were  written 
by  different  persons,  at  different  times,  and  the  reasons  assigned ;  and 
he  ought  to  have  mentioned  that  Robert  Heron,  Esq.  was  a  nom-de-guerre, 
under  which  the  well-known  Mr.  Pinkerton  pleased  to  write  his  "  Letters 
on  Literature,"  in  the  year  1 785,  and  hurl  his  paradoxical  javelins,  as  he 
supposed,  undetected  }  but,  instead  of  such  a  note,  Mr.  Grimshawe  gives 
us  the  following: — "  A  few  years  afterwards  a  question  was  agitated  whe- 
ther the  war  of  Troy  itself  was  not  a  poetical  fiction.    Dr.  Clarke,  in  his 
Travels,  shows  the  absurdity  of  these  incredulous  speculations,  and  satis- 
factorily establishes  the  fact.    In  the  same  spirit  Lord  Orford  endeavoured 
to  prove  that  Falstaff  was  no  coward.    But  the  boldest  act  of  literary  pre- 
sumption was  the  assertion  of  Father  Hardouin,  that  all  the  classic  writings 
of  antiquity  were  the  production  of  the  monks  of  the  middle  ages."  To 
this  we  have  to  observe,  that  Dr.  Edward  Clarke  must  have  had  access  to 
some  most  ancient  and  long-hidden  archives,  probably  concealed  in  the  old 
barbaric  cities  of  Asia,  by  which  he  could  satisfactorily  prove  the  fact  of 
the  war  of  Troy.    He  endeavoured  to  prove  that  the  topography  of  the 
Homeric  poems,  agreed  with  the  preseut  appearance  of  the  spot  where 
tradition  had  long  fixed  the  site  of  the  events  recorded  j  how  far  he  has 
even  succeeded  in  that,  we  leave  others  to  judge  :  but  to  prove  satisfac- 
torily the  war  between  the  Greeks  and  Trojans,  even  the  fancy  of  Dr. 
Clarke  did  not  reach.    Secondly,  we  know  nothing  of  Lord  Orford's 
attempt  on  Falstaff ;  but  we  know  that  Mr.  Morgan  wrote  a  most  elegant 
and  instructive  critique  on  the  &ame  character,  well  worthy  of  perusal. 
Lastly,  Father  Hardouin  did  not  assert  that  all  the  classic  writers  of  anti- 
quity were  forgeries,  for  he  excepted  some  aud  parts  of  others.    His  work 
(with  some  answers)  is  now  on  our  table,  and  we  know  well  what  we  are 
writing  about  j  having  perused  many  of  his  works,  all  of  which  we  pos- 
sess, with  instruction  and  delight. 

P.  142.  In  speaking  of  Pope's  Translation  of  Homer,  Mr.  Grimshawe 
says, '  the  original  manuscript  is  said  to  be  in  the  British  Museum.'  Does 
not  everybody  know  it  is  there  ?  has  not  every  one  seen  and  handled  it  ? 
observed  the  blots,  interlineations,  scraps  of  paper  and  letter  covers  on 

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340  Cowpers  Life  and  Works.  [Oct. 

which  it  is  written  ?  does  not  every  one  know  it  was  given  by  Mallet's 
widow  ?  Mercy  upon  us,  what  ignorance  are  we  coming  to,  with  oar 
Penny  Magazines  !  Mr.  Grimshawe  in  the  same  page  says,  "  Dr.  Cyril 
Jackson,  the  well-known  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  concurred  in  this  opinion, 
i.  e.  that  Pope's  Homer  was  Homer  in  a  modern  dress,"  &c.  Why  did  not 
Mr.  Grim8hawe  give  the  Dean's  words  ? — "  Pope,  sir,  was  a  d— -d  fool  !** 
— Voila  les  mots  veritables  ! 

P.  217.    "I  do  not  wonder  at  the  judgment  that  you  form  of  a   

foreigner ;  but  you  may  assure  yourself  that,  foreigner  as  he  is,  he  has  an 
excellent  taste  in  English  verse.  The  man  is  all  Arc,  and  an  enthusiast  in 
the  highest  degree  on  the  subject  of  Homer,"  &c.  Why  did  not  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe  condescend  to  inform  his  readers  that  the  anonymous  person  above 
described  was  the  late  Mr.  Fuseli,  the  painter,  the  critic,  the  what  not  ? 

P.  250.  The  account  of  Burns  is  such,  as  we  leave  to  Professor  Wilson, 
or  rather  to  the  Ettrick  Shepherd,  to  revenge  on  his  insulted  countryman. 
What  would  Scott  or  Leyden  have  said  to  it  ?  "  He  (Burns)  rose  from 
the  plough  to  take  his  part  in  the  polished  and  intellectual  society  of  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  was  admitted  to  the  intercourse  of  Robertson,  Blair  (Burns 
admitted  to  the  intercourse  of  Blair !  oh  Ix>rd  !),  I/ord  Monboddo,  Stewart, 
Alison  and  Mackenzie,  and  found  a  patron  in  the  Earl  of  Gleneairn.*' 
Alas !  poor  Burns  !  is  thy  fame  at  Biddenham  in  Bedfordshire,  no  more 
than  this )  But  to  proceed — *'  It  is  to  be  lamented  that,  owing  to  the 
dialect  in  which  his  poems  are  for  the  most  part  written,  they  are  not  suffi- 
ciently intelligible  to  English  readers."  True  !  and  the  same  must  unfor- 
tunately be  said  of  many  other  poets  besides  Burns,  that  they  are  not  very 
intelligible  to  English  readers  :  but,  fortunately  for  Burns,  Mr.  Grimshawe 
is  kind  enough  to  add,  •  that  his  popular  songs  have  given  him  much  cele- 
brity in  his  own  country.'  Mr.  Griinshawe  thinks  that  if  a  selection  could 
be  made  from  his  works,  an  acceptable  service  might  be  rendered  to  the 
British  public;  we,  for  our  part,  hope  soon  to  see  not  a  selection,  but  an 
addition  made  to  the  productions  of  one  of  the  noblest  children  of  song  that 
ever  breathed  mortal  air.  We  believe  Mr.  Pickering,  the  spirited  and 
accurate  publisher,  has  it  in  his  power  to  indulge  oar  wishes. 

Mr.  Grimshawe,  at  length,  bows  himself  out  of  the  room,  with  this  ap- 
propriate apostrophe — "  How  often  is  genius,  like  a  comet,  eccentric  in  its 
course,  which,  after  astonishing  the  world  by  its  splendour,  suddenly 
expires  and  vanishes  !"  Meaning  of  course  to  say,  that  the  said  Mister 
Burns's  fame  has  expired  aud  vanished  !    Alas  !  poor  Burns  ! 

P.  272.  "  A  few  days  since  I  received  a  second  very  obliging  letter 
from  Mr.  M — .  He  tells  me  that  his  own  papers  (in  the  Lounger),  which 
are  by  far  the  most  numerous  (he  is  sorry  to  say  itj  arc  marked  V.  I.  Z." 
Why  could  not  Mr.  Grimshawe  have  had  the  politeness  to  inform  his  country 

readers,  that  Mr.  M  is  no  less  than  that  delightful  writer  Mackenzie, 

the  author  of  the  Man  of  Feeling  ? 

P.  280,  line  8.  In  the  next  edition,  wc  venture  to  say,  that  a  little 
account  of  Mr.  Merry,  alluded  to  by  Cowpcr,  will  be  agreeable  to  Mr. 
Grimshawe's  readers.  Perhaps  he  will  consult  Mr.  Gifford  aud  the  Flo- 
rence Miscellany. 

In  vol.  iv  the  title  page  has  a  vignette  of  Benet  College,  with  the  fol- 
lowing amorphous  line  under  it,  by  whom  composed  we  are  ignorant  :— 

— — — —  '  I  had  a  brother  once, 
He  grae'd  a  college,  and  vras  honour'd,  lov'd,  and  wept !' 

P.  H.    Wc  have  a  long  disquisition  on  the  slave  trade,  very  good  in  its 

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1835.]  ^  Cowper  s  Life  and  Works.  341 

proper  place,  but  sadly  oot  of  joint  in  a  pocket  edition  of  Cowper.  We 
are  very  happy  to  hear,  "  That  forty  tons  cubic  measure  of  New  Testaments 
were  destined  to  Jamaica  alone,  and  that  the  government  packets  were 
found  too  small  to  hold  them.  The  account  of  this  occupies  fifteen  pages 
of  as  heavy  writing  as  we  ever  remember  to  have  got  through  ;  nathless, 
we  are  decided  friends  of  emancipation  :  but  we  would  rather  have  it  in 
Cowper's  verse  than  in  Mr.  Grimshawe's  prose. 

P.  22.  We  are  got  back  to  our  unlucky  ground,  Homer.  Cowper 
justly  extolled  the  notes  of  Dr.  Clarke,  aud  calls  him  learned,  judicious, 
and  of  fine  taste,  as  undoubtedly  he  is.  Now  hear  his  editor :  *'  Dr.  Sa- 
muel Clarke.  His  version  is  not  now  in  much  estimation,  though  his  notes 
are  useful  in  the  interpretation  of  the  text  of  his  author."  Lord  bless  the 
man  !  Why  his  version  is  nothing  but  old  Barnes's,  with  slight  alterations 
and  improvements  j  and  for  his  notes  being '  useful,'  they  arc  highly  philo- 
sophical, grammatical,  and  recondite.  So  much  for  the  great  Samuel  Clarke  ! 

P.  95.  "  Sir  John  Hawkins,"  saith  Mr.  Grimshawe,  '*  is  known  as  the 
author  of  four  quarto  volumes  on  the  general  History  of  Music,  and  by  a 
Life  of  Johnson.  The  former  is  now  superseded  by  Burncy's,  and  the 
latter  by  Boswell's."  Now,  Hawkins's  History  of  Music  is  not  super- 
seded  by  Burney's,  though  simply  as  regards  the  science  of  music,  Burney's 
is  superior;  but  Hawkins's  is  a  most  learned,  curious,  and  instructive 
work,  that  will  not  easily  be  superseded  in  these  days  of  cheap  books. 
Whether  his  Life  of  Johnson  is  superseded  by  Boswell's,  Mr.  Croker's  last 
and  very  admirable  edition  will  inform  Mr.  Grimshawe. 

P.  1 20.    Cowper  remarks,—"  1  would  that  every  fastidious  judge  of 
authors  were  himself  obliged  to  write  ;  there  goes  more  to  the  composition 
of  a  volume  than  many  critics  imagine."    Now  we  should  have  thought 
that  it  was  not  very  easy  to  mistake  the  meaning  of  this  sentence  ;  and  that 
Cowper  alluded  to  the  thought,  the  taste,  the  knowledge,  the  mental 
exertion  required  by  a  work.    Not  so  Mr.  Grimshawe:  he  alludes  to  the 
cubic  tons — the  work  done  per  annum  : — "  It  cost  Lord  Lyttleton  twenty 
years  to  write  the  Life  and  History  of  Henry  the  Second.    The  historian 
Gibbon  was  twelve  years  in  completing  his  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire  ;  and  Adam  Smith  occupied  ten  years  in  producing  his  Wealth  of 
Nations."    Mr.  Grimshawe  may  add,  if  he  pleases,  that  a  late  historian 
was  employed  more  than  thirty  years  in  his  History  of  Greece  j  and  we 
have  heard  that  a  late  eminent  and  popular  book  on  Cookery,  engrossed 
still  a  greater  portion  of  human  existence. 

P.  131.  Wc  suppose  that  every  scholar  knows,  loves,  and  venerates 
that  fine  indefatigable  scholar,  poor  old  Villoison,  who  used  to  read  Greek 
when  he  was  too  poor  to  have  a  fire  j  and  wheu  not  sufficiently  warmed  by 
a  sentence,  would  run  into  his  little  kitchen  to  warm  his  fingers.  Every 
scholar  possesses  his  edition  of  the  Iliad ;  and  knows  what  learning  and 
industry  he  brought  to  bear  on  that  very  curious  point  (on  which  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe, begging  his  pardon,  seems  profoundly  ignorant),  the  text  of  Homer, 
and  on  which  we  beg  to  refer  him  to  the  lucubrations  of  Messrs.  Wolff,  Her- 
man, Raskc,  and  Co.,  and  to  his  compatriot  Richard  Payne  Knight, or,  as  the 
foreign  scholars  call  him,  Ricardus  Paine,  Kt.  It  is  then  on  Villoison 's 
criticisms  on  the  Homeric  text  that  Mr.  Grimshawe  has  the  following  note, 
(useful,  no  doubt,'  to  Messrs.  Saunders  aud  Ottlcy's  printers,  but  to  whom 
else  we  cannot  conjecture  :) — "  The  reveries  of  learned  men  are  amusing, 
but  injurious  to  true  taste  and  sound  literature.  Bishop  Warburton's 
laboured  attempt  to  prove  that  the  descent  of  /Eneas  into  Hell,  iu  the  6th 
book  of  the  jfcneid,  is  intended  to  convey  a  representation  of  the  Eleu- 

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342  Cowper's  Life  and  Works.  \Oct. 

sinian  mysteries,  is  of  this  description,  when  it  is  obviously  an  imitation  of 
a  similar  event  recorded  of  Ulysses.  Genius  should  guard  against  a  fond- 
ness for  speculative  discussion,  which  often  leads  from  the  simplicity  of 
truth  to  the  establishment  of  dangerous  errors.  We  consider  speculative 
inquiries  to  form  one  of  the  features  of  the  present  times,  against  which 
we  have  need  to  be  vigilantly  on  our  guard." 

P.  149,  '«  My  dear  friend,  should  Heyne's  Homer  appear  before  mine, 
which  I  hope  is  not  probable,  and  should  he  adopt  in  it  the  opinion  of 
Bentley,  that  the  whole  of  the  last  Odyssey  is  spurious,  I  will  dare  to  con- 
tradict both  him  and  the  doctor." — Note  of  the  editor.  "  A  German  critic, 
well  known  for  his  classical  taste"  &c.  Hcyne  was  a  most  diligent  scholar, 
a  good  grammarian,  and  learned  archaeologist ;  but  for  taste — credo  eras, 
non  hodie  !  Mr.  Elmsley  justly  called  him,  after  an  older  brother  of  the 
same  order — XaXneiTtpos— or  brazeu-bowelled.  Why  is  not  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe  ever  right  by  chance  ?  It  is  lucky  for  him  that  old  Parr  is  not 
alive.    How  his  wig  would  have  bristled  !  his  pipe  fulgurated  ! 

P.  150.  "  If  you  happen  to  fall  into  company  with  Dr.  Warton  again, 
you  will  not  fail,  I  dare  say,  to  make  my  respectful  compliments,"  &c. 
Note.  "  Dr.  Warton,  distinguished  for  his  History  of  English  Poetry,"  &c. 
Not  so,  Mr.  Grimshawe.  Brother  Joe  never  wrote  such  a  work — but  bro- 
ther Tom  did  :  but  then  brother  Tom  was  no  poctor :  sec  the  title  page  to 
the  history. 

P.  153.    "You  must  know  that  two  odes  composed  by  Horace  have 

been  lately  discovered  at  Rome :   1  wanted  them  transcribed  into  the 

blank  leaves  of  a  little  Horace  of  mine,"  &c. — No  note  by  the  learned 

editor  j  so  we,  per  force,  must  write  one.    These  two  odes  arc  clumsy 

forgeries.    They  were  said  to  be  discovered  in  the  Palatine  library,  and 

communicated  by  Gasper  Pallavicini  the  sub-librarian.    We  will  give  one. 

Carin.  Lib.  i.  Od.  39.  ad  Salium  Florum  : 

Discolor  grandem  gravat  uva  ramum  ; 
Instat  Autumnus;  glacialis  anno 
Mox  h veins  volvente  adiret,  capillis 
Ilorrida  canis. 

Jam  licet  Nymphas  trepide  fugaces 
Insequi,  lento  pede  detinendas, 
Et  labris  captae,  simulantis  irara, 
Oscula  figi. 

Jam  licet  vino  madidos  vetusto 
De  die  lactam  recinare  carmen  ; 
Flore,  si  te  des  hilarum,  licebit 

Sumcrc  noctera. 

Jam  vide  curas  Aquilone  sparsas 
Mens  viri  fortis  sibi  constat,  utrum 
Serius  lethi  citiusvc  tristis 

Advolat  hora. 

The  false  Quantity  in  this  ode,  we  shall  leave  Mr.  Grimshawe  to  detect. 
The  other  ode  possesses  a  similar  one. 

P.  203.  "  if  you  have  Donne's  Poems,  bring  them  with  you  j  for  I 
have  not  seen  them  many  years,  and  should  like  to  look  them  over." 
Note.  "  Dr.  Donne  was  the  author  of  some  beautiful  sonnets  and  hymns  ; 
a  few  of  which  are  inserted  in  lz.  Walton's  Life  of  him."  And  these  we 
believe  to  be  all  that  Mr.  Grimshawe  knows  of  him.  If  he  had  said,  that 
amid  the  unconquerable  ruggedness  and  quaintness  of  Donne's  verses, 
there  were  some  strong  massive  thoughts,  and  ingenious  allusions,  and  happy 
unexpected  turns,  it  had  been  well ;  but  the  epithet  beautiful  is  most  inap- 
propriate. Mr.  Dycc  could  find  but  one  sonnet  to  insert  in  his  excellent 
selection. 


ltw.]         Cowper's  remarks  on  Johnson's  Life  of  Milton.  343 

P.  323.  Mr.  Grimshawe  calls  Mr.  Park  *'  the  editor  of  that  splendid 
work,  Walpole's  Royal  and  Noble  Authors." — Did  Mr.  Grimshawe  ever 
see  it  ?  did  he  ever  behold  the  plates  > — In  what  respect  is  it  splendid  ? 

We  have  now  gone  through  this  new  edition  of  Cowper's  Letters,  with 
the  exception  of  the  fifth  volume,  which  is  not  yet  published  ;  and,  as 
will  be  acknowledged,  we  have  leniently  glided  over  the  errors  of  the 
editor.  Mr.  Grimshawe,  we  repeat,  is,  from  all  we  hear,  a  most  excellent 
clergyman,  and  a  most  worthy  man ;  but  he  is  one  of  the  worst  editors 
we  ever  met  with. 

We  shall  conclude  with  presenting  to  our  readers  the  very  curious  com- 
munication of  Cowper's  manuscript  notes  on  passages  in  Dr.  Johnson's 
Life  of  Milton  j  they  extend,  unfortunately,  only  through  the  biography, 
and  do  not  touch  the  criticism  ;  for  he  seems  to  have  relinquished  his 
critical  labours  in  disgust.  Though  short,  they  are  worthy  of  attention, 
and  will  be  doubtless  acceptable  to  all  who  love  the  Poet's  memory, 
and  respect  his  poetical  taste  and  feeling. 

Johnson. — '  But  the  products  of  his  vernal  fertility  have  been  surpassed 
by  many,  and  particularly  by  his  contemporary,  Cowley.  Of  the  powers 
of  the  mind,  it  is  difficult  to  form  an  estimate  Many  have  excelled 
Milton  in  their  first  essays,  who  never  rose  to  works  like  Paradise  Lost.' 
Cowper.  'Nego.' 

Johnson  — '  I  am  ashamed  to  relate  what  I  fear  is  true,  that  Milton  was 
one  of  the  last  studeuts  in  either  university  that  suffered  the  public  indig- 
nity of  corporal  correction.'    Cowper.  '  Why  ? ' 

Johnson. — '  Plays  were  therefore  only  criminal  when  they  were  acted 
by  academicks  .'    Cowi  er.  4  Yes.' 

Johnson. — '  I  know  not  any  of  the  articles  which  seem  to  thwart  his 
opinions;  but  the  thoughts  of  obedience,  whether  canonical  or  civil,  roused 
his  indignation.'    Cowper.  '  Candid  !' 

Johnson. — f  Of  his  praise,  he  was  very  frugal ;  as  he  set  its  value  high, 
and  considered  his  mention  of  a  name,  as  a  security  against  the  waste  of 
time,  and  a  certain  preservation  from  oblivion.'    Cowper.  '  Gratis  dictum.' 

Johnson. — Of  these  Italian  testimonies,  poor  as  they  are,  he  was  proud 
enough  to  publish  them  before  his  Poems :  though,  he  says,  he  cannot  be 
suspected  but  to  have  known  that  they  were  said,  Non  tarn  de  se,  quam 
supra  se.'    Cowper.  '  He  did  well.' 

Johnson. — '  At  his  return,  he  heard  of  the  death  of  his  friend  Charles 
Diodati  ;  a  man  whom  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  of  great  merit,  since  he 
was  thought  by  Milton  worthy  of  a  poem,  entitled,  *  Epitaphium  Damonis,' 
written  with  the  common  but  childish  imitation  of  Pastoral  Life/ 
Cowper.  '  Is  that  all?' 

Johnson. — '  Let  not  our  veneration  for  Milton  forbid  us  to  look  with 
some  degree  of  merriment  on  great  promises  and  small  performances  :  on 
the  man  who  hastens  home  because  his  countrymen  are  contending  for 
their  liberty,  and  when  he  reaches  the  scene  of  action  vapours  away  his 
patriotism  in  a  private  boarding-school.'    Cowper.  4  O  spite  ! ' 

Johnson. — '  His  father  was  alive  j  his  allowance  was  not  ample,  and  he 
supplied  its  deficiences  by  an  honest  and  useful  employment.'  Cowper. 
'Self-refutation.* 

Johnson. — •  Those  who  tell  or  receive  these  stories,  should  consider  that 
nobody  can  be  taught  faster  than  he  can  learn.'  Cowper.  *  Do  not 
teachers  differ  as  much  as  learners  ? ' 

Johnson.—*  I  have  transcribed  this  title  to  show,  by  his  contemptuous 
mention  of  Usher,  that  he  had  now  adopted  a  puritanical  savageness  of 

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344 


Cowper's  remarks  on  Johnsons  Life  of  Milton.  [Oct, 


manners.'     Cowper,  *  Why  is  it  contemptuous  ?  especially,  why  is  it 
savage  ? ' 

Johnson  — '  Such  is  his  malignity,  that  hell  grows  darker  at  his  frown.* 
Cowper.  *  And  at  think  ! ' 

Johnson. — '  From  this  time  it  is  observed,  that  he  became  an  enemy  to 
the  Presbyterians,  whom  he  had  favoured  before.  He  that  changes  his 
party  by  his  humour,  is  not  more  virtuous  than  he  that  changes  it  by  his 
interest.  He  loves  himself  rather  than  truth.'  Cowper.  '  You  should 
have  proved  that  he  was  influenced  by  his  humour.' 

Johnson. — '  It  were  injurious  to  omit  that  Milton  afterwards  received 
her  father  and  her  brothers  in  his  own  house  when  they  were  distressed, 
with  other  Royalists.'  Cowper.  '  Strong  proof  of  a  temper  both  forgiving 
and  liberal.' 

Johnson. — '  If  nothing  can  be  published  but  what  civil  authority  shall 
have  previously  approved,  power  must  always  be  the  standard  of  truth. 
If  every  dreamer  of  innovations  may  propagate  his  projects,  there  can  be 
no  settlement.'  Cowper.  *  The  fact  is  against  this  ;  because  in  this 
country  those  things  have  been  always  permitted.' 

Johnson. — '  It  seems  not  more  reasonable  to  have  the  right  of  printing 
unrestrained,  because  writers  may  be  afterwards  confuted,  than  it  would 
be  to  sleep  with  doors  unbolted,  because  by  our  laws  we  can  hang  a  thief.' 
Cowper.  '  Would  you  therefore  cut  off  a  man's  fingers  lest  he  should  steal?' 

Johnson. — *  But  as  faction  seldom  leaves  a  man  honest,  however  it  may 
find  him,  Milton  is  suspected  of  having  interpolated  the  book  called  '  Ikon 
Basilike,'  &c.    Coivper.  *  A  strange  proof  of  your  proposition  ! ' 

Johnson. — '  Even  in  the  year  of  the  Restoration  he  bated  no  jot  of  heart 
or  hope,  but  was  fantastical  enough  to  think  that  the  nation,  agitated  as  it 
was,  might  be  settled  by  a  pamphlet.'    Cowper.  4  Petulant !  ' 

Johnson. — 1  Milton,  kicking  when  he  could  strike  no  longer,  was  foolish 
enough  to  publish,  a  few  weeks  before  the  Restoration,  notes  upon  a  serinou 
preached  by  one  Griffiths,  intituled  '  the  Fear  of  God  and  the  King.' 
Coirper.  '  O  foolishly  said  ! ' 

Johnson. — *  I  cannot  but  remark  a  kind  of  respect,  perhaps  un- 
consciously paid  to  this  great  man  by  his  biographers.  Every  house  in 
which  he  resided  is  historically  mentioned,  as  if  it  were  an  injury  to  neglect 
naming  any  place  that  he  honoured  by  his  presence.  Cowper.  '  They  have 
all  paid  him  more  than  you.' 

Johnson. — 4  If  he  considered  the  Latin  Secretary  as  exercising  any  of 
the  powers  of  Government,  he  that  had  showed  authority  either  with  the 
Parliament  or  with  Cromwell,  might  have  forborne  to  talk  very  loudly 
of  his  honesty.'  Cowper.  '  He  might,  if  he  acted  on  principle,  talk  as 
loudly  as  he  pleased.' 

Johnson. — *  However  inferior  to  the  heroes  who  were  horn  in  better 
ages,  he  might  still  be  great  among  his  contemporaiies,  with  the  hope  of 
growing  every  day  greater  in  the  dwindle  of  posterity  :  he  might  still  be  a 
giant  among  the  pygmies,  the  one-eyed  monarch  of  "the  blind.'  Cowper. 
*  Here  are  three  insolent  pages,  considering  who  is  the  subject.' 

Johnson. — '  Yet  something  of  this  inequality  happens  to  every  man  in 
every  mode  of  exertion,  manual  or  mental.  The  mechanic  cannot  handle 
his  hammer  and  his  file  at  all  times  with  equal  dexterity  j  there  are  hours, 
we  know  not  why,  when  his  hand  is  out.'  Cowper.  '  Let  us  by  all  means 
make  an  ordinary  man  of  him  if  we  cau.' 

Johnson. — '  Versification  free  like  his  from  the  distresses  of  rhyme, 
must,  by  a  work  so  long,  be  made  prompt  and  habitual ;  and  when  his 
1 

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1835.]  Cowper  s  remarks  on  Johnsons  Life  of  Milton.  345 

thought*  were  once  adjusted,  the  words  would  come  at  his  command ' 
Cowper.  '  Did  you  ever  write  blank-verse  ?  * 

Johnson  —'  This  darkness,  had  bis  eyes  been  better  employed,  had 
undoubtedly  deserved  compassion.'    Cowper.  '  Brute  ! ' 

Johnson. — 'But  of  evil  tongues  for  Milton  to  complain,  required  impu- 
dence at  least  equal  to  bis  other  powers.'  Cowper.  '  Impudence  is  the 
vice  of  fools,  and  therefore  could  not  be  one  of  his.* 

Johnson  — '  His  last  poetical  offspring  was  his  favourite.  He  could  not, 
as  Elwood  relates,  endure  to  hear  Paradise  Lost  preferred  to  Paradise 
Regained  *  *  Milton  had  this  prejudice,  and  had  it  to  himself.' 
Cowper.  '  They  were  not  proper  objects  of  comparison.  In  their  respec- 
tive kinds  perhaps  they  are  equal.' 

Johnson.  —'  He  added  some  academical  exercises,  which  perhaps  he 
perused  with  pleasure,  as  they  recalled  to  his  memory  the  days  of  bis 
youth,  but  for  which  nothing  but  veneration  for  his  name  could  now  pro- 
cure a  reader.'    Cowper.  4  Yet  they  deserve  many.' 

Johnson. — '  His  eyes  are  said  never  to  have  been  bright,  but  if  he  was 
a  dexterous  fencer  they  must  have  been  once  quick.*  Cowper.  '  That'sno  t 
necessary,  the  eye  is  in  the  wrist.' 

Johnson.—'  Visitors,  of  whom  Milton  is  represented  to  have  had  great 
numbers,  will  come  and  stay  unseasonably  >f  business,  of  which  every  man 
has  some,  must  be  done  when  others  will  do  it.'  Cowper.  '  Yet  might  it 
not  be  his  general  practice  ? ' 

Johnson. — «  Milton's  republicanism  was,  /  am  a/raid,  founded  in  an 
erroneous  hatred  of  greatness  and  a  sullen  desire  of  independence.'  Cow- 
per. '  Good  Doctor,  tis  a  delicate  and  tender  fear  ! ' 

Johnson.—'  That  his  own  daughters  might  not  break  the  ranks,  he  suf- 
fered them  to  be  depressed  by  a  mean  and  penurious  education.  He 
thought  women  made  only  for  obedience,  and  man  only  for  rebellion.' 
Cowper.  '  And  could  you  write  this  without  blushinc  ?    Os  hominis  ! ' 

Johnson. — 4  It  is  not  likely  that  Milton  required  any  passage  to  be  so 
touch  repeated  as  that  his  daughter  could  learn  it  j  nor  likely  that  he  de- 
sired the  initial  lines  to  be  read  at  all  j  nor  that  the  daughter,  weary  of 
the  drudgery  of  pronouncing  uuideal  sounds,  would  voluntarily  commit  them 
to  memory.'  Cowper.  1  Yet,  after  all  this  fine  reasoning,  the  story  perhaps 
was  true.    And  whether  true  or  false  what  does  it  signify  ? 

Johnson.—'  She  knew  little  of  her  grandfather,  and  that  little  was  not 
good.'    Cowper.  '  You  arc  glad  of  that' 

We  have  nothing  more  at  present  to  say  on  the  subject  of  Cowper ;  but 
when  Mr.  Grimshawe's  fifth  volume  appears,  if  we  find  it  necessary,  we 
shall  make  our  remarks  upon  it. 


OPERATION  OF  THE  OLD  AND  NEW  POOR  LAWS;  SURPLUS  POPULATION  J 
ALLOTMENTS  OF  LAND  ;  COLONIZATION. 

•  An  Address  to  the  Paupers  of  Bledlow,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  explanatory  of 
tb*  Situation  of  United  Parishes  under  the  Act  for  tfie  Amendment  of  the  Poor 
Lavs,  4M  and  5th  William  IV.  cap.  76.  By  Mr.  George  Stephen.  12roo, 
PP-41. 

*•  The  MaUhusian  Boon  unmasked.  With  Remarks  upon  "  the  Poor  Law 
Amendment  Bill,"  as  connected  with  it,  and  in  which  the  rpal  cause  of  the  oppres- 
sive Burden  of  our  Poor  Rates  is  fully  developed.  By  a  Friend  to  the  Poor. 
**>.pp.  16. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  2  Y 


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346  On  the  Old  and  New  Poor  Laws.  [Oct. 


HI.  Prospects  of  Industry ;  being  a  brief  Exposition  of  the  past  and  present 
ditions  of  the  Labouring  Classes.  With  Remarks  on  the  Operation  of  the  Poor 
Law  Bill,  Workhouses,  fyc.  Containing  the  Influence  of  Machinery  upon  La- 
bour, Hand-loom  Weavers,  Factory  System,  Change  in  the  industrial  Character 
of  England  from  Agriculture  to  Manufactures,  Effects  of  the  Change,  Poor 
Law  fiill.  Extinction  of  Out-door  Relief,  Allowance  System,  Workhouses,  Home 
Colonization,  Emigration,  Waste  Lands,  Cottage  Plots,  %c.  By  P.  Gaskell, 
Esq.    8vv,  pp.  44. 

IV.  The  Labourers'  Friend;  a  Selection  from  the  Publications  of  the  Labourers* 
Friend  Society,  stowing  the  Utility  and  National  Advantage  of  allotting  Land 
for  Cottage  Husbandry.    Qvo.  pp.  300. 

V.  Useful  Hints  for  the  Labourer.    8vo.    Nos.  I  to  38. 

VI.  The  Labourers'  Friend  Society,  for  bettering  the  Condition  of  the  Labouring 
Classes,  particularly  in  allotting  to  them  small  Portions  of  Land.  Established 
at  Wallington,  in  Surrey,  in  the  month  of  July,  1835.  By  Nicholas  Carlisle, 
Esq.  K.H.  F.R.S.    Mo,  pp.  25. 

1.  An  Address  to   the   Paupers   of  the  young,  together  with  the  absolute 

Bledlow,  8fc.  prohibition  of  intemperance,  and  the 

MR.  George  Stephen  was  the  person  privation  of  all  means  of  indulging  it. 

selected  by  the  Bledlow  paupers,  as  There  will  not,  we  apprejieod,  be  found, 

their  agent  to  represent  their  case  to  among  those  who  denominate  them- 

the  Poor  Law  Commissioners,  and  he  selves  the  friends  of  the  poor,  many 

obtained  for  them  immediate  and  satis-  individuals  who  would  object  to  these 

factory  attention  to  their  representa-  enactments  of  the  new  Poor  Law.  As 

tions.    His  very  sensible  address  com-  local  regulations,  the  greater  part  of 

prehends  not  only  his  report  of  the  them  existed  in  some  of  the  best  ma- 

resutt  of  his  application  on  their  be-  naged  districts  in  the  neighbourhood 

half,  but  some  wholesome  counsel  of  the  metropolis,  before  the  passing 

which  he  offers  them,  and  which,  as  of  therpresent  law  ;  but  the  obligatton 

it  may  be  found  useful  to  other  per-  to  grant  relief  in  money  rendered  their 

sons  similarly  circumstanced,  has  been  enforcement  nearly  impracticable,  and 

printed  in  a  cheap  edition,  in  order  the  industrious  housekeeper  was,  m 

that  it  may  be  gratuitously  distributed  several  districts,  compelled  to  see  beer 

by  the  friends  of  the  poor"in  the  seve-  shops,  and  even  gin  palaces,  arise  and 

ral  parts  of  the  country.  flourish  around  him,  and  deriving  no 

"  I  am  enabled,"  Mr.  Stephen  ob-  inconsiderable  share  of  their  pros- 
serves  on  pp.  8  and  9  of  his  address,  perity  from  a  fund  designed  originally 
"  to  inform  you  in  a  general  way.  for  the  relief  of  virtuous  poverty, 
what  will  be  your  situation  ;  and  feel-  Mr.  Stephen,  while  he  acknowledges 
ing  as  I  do,  that,  as  regards  the  sober  that  he  does  not  concur  in  opinion  with 
and  industrious  among  you,  it  will  the  framers  of  the  bastardy  clauses  in 
eventually  be  an  improvement  of  your  the  new  Poor  Bill,  very  properly  points 
present  one,  I  have  great  pleasure  in  the  attention  of  his  constituents  to 
giving  you  the  information."  those  clauses,  as  imposing  upon  them 

He  then  proceeds  to  point  out  the  additional  obligation  to  prudence  and 
advantage  of  some  of  the  provisions  of  forecast  in  all  their  intercourses,  and 
the  new  law  ;  even  of  some  of  those  especially  in  those  of  the  more  delicate 
which  have  been  most  loudly  objected  and  intimate  description, 
to  by  the  poor,  as  well  as  by  a  few  of  In  reasoning  the  several  important 
their  professed  partizans  ;  such  as  the  points  on  which  the  labouring  classes 
union  of  parishes;  the  distribution  have  been  at  a  sort  of  issue  with  land- 
among  real  paupers  of  wholesome  pro-  holders  and  farmers,  Mr.  Stephen  par- 
visions  in  proportion  to  the  numbers  ticularly  calls  the  attention  of  the 
and  ages  of  the  persons  in  their  several  working  poor  to  the  actual  condition 
families,  instead  of  money  ;  the  classi-  of  their  immediate  employers,  the  far- 
fication,  according  to  character,  age,  mers,  whose  case  he  represents  as 
and  sex  in  the  receptacles  for  the  poor,  worse  than  their  own  ;  iuasmuch  as 
or  workhouses,  and  the  provision  or-  they,  the  farmers,  are,  in  a  great  many 
dered  to  be  made  for  the  education  of  cases,  exhausting  theircapital  on  farms 


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1835.] 


On  the  Old  and  New  Poor  Lairs. 


3*7 


held  on  lease  at  immoderate  rents,  and 
while  they  allow  themselves  and  their 
families  only  a  bare  subsistence,  are 
actually  losing  their  all,  and  verging 
by  sure  steps  to  pauperism  and  beg- 
gary. 

He  has  subjoined,  in  a  note,  authen- 
ticated  statements  of  the  outgoings 
and  produce  of  four  farms,  of  difteient 
magnitudes,  in  Essex  and  Surrey ;  the 
cultivation  of  which  is  attended  with 
an  annual  loss  to  the  farmer  of  a  sum 
nearly  equal  to  one-fourth  of  the  rent, 
and  a  consequent  diminution  of  Ai#capi- 
tal  to  that  amount.  There  are,no  doubt, 
great  Dumbers  of  similar  cases  in  the 
agricultural  districts:  some  have  fallen 
within  our  own  knowledge  ;  and  while 
we  admit  the  force  of  the  argument 
which  Mr.  Stephen  draws  from  these 
cases,  in  favour  of  that  submission 
and  feeling  of  contentment  which  he 
recommends  his  constituents  to  culti- 
vate among  themselves,   we  cannot 
admit  that  the  evil  has  not  an  appro- 
priate remedy,  to  which  the  attention 
of  those  who  have  it  in  their  power  to 
apply  it, ought  to  be  immediatelycalled. 
That  remedy  is  such  a  reduction  of  the 
rents  of  farms  still  held  under  old  and 
impracticable  leases,  as  shall  enable  the 
farmer  to  cultivate  his  farm  and  ade- 
quately to  remunerate  the  labourers  em- 
ployed on  it,  without  precipitating  the 
ruin  of  himself  and  family.    In  the 
cases  quoted  by  Mr.  Stephen,  the  re- 
duction of  one-third  in  the  rent  would 
have  been  a  great  relief,  both  to  the 
farmers  and  the  labourers  on  the  farms. 
We  quote  the  following  as  an  instance 
in  point : — 

On  a  farm  which  costs  the  farmer, 
per  annum  .  .  .  £1722 
— and  returns  him  only     .  1612 

— he  loses  annually    .       .  110 

For  this  farm  he  pays,  rent  £560 
Labour  ....  400 
Poor  rates  ...  80 

— with  other  necessary  expenses. 

Now,  if  200?.  were  deducted  from  the 
rent  which  he  at  present  pays,  he  would 
not  only  be  borne  harmless,  but  have 
90/.  per  annum  to  disburse  in  wages 
and  poor  rates,  and  the  farm  would  still 
yield  to  the  proprietor  a  rent  of  360/. 
per  annum,  which  is  the  utmost  that  it 
is  worth,  according  to  the  present  rela- 
tive value  of  money  and  produce  ;  and 
to  which  reduced  rent,  and  perhaps 


lower,  it  must  in  a  few  years  be 
brought,  whether  the  proprietor  like  it 
or  not.  Well,  therefore,  would  it  be- 
come those  who  have  the  disposal  of 
this  question  to  consider  it  in  time, 
and  determine  it  rightly  on  sound  prin- 
ciples of  political  economy,  viz.  of 
justice  as  between  man  and  man,  and 
in  accordance  with  the  dictates  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures.  By  continuing  their 
present  course,  and  adhering  to  imprac- 
ticable rents,  landlords  not  only  oppress 
the  poor,  and  inflict  ruin  on  a  worthy 
race  of  farmers,  whose  places  may 
hereafter  be  filled  by  much  worse  men, 
but  also  deceive  themselves  by  an  ap- 
pearance of  wealth  which  is  unreal ; 
and,  in  addition  to  all  this,  they  are  in 
perpetual  danger  of  such  a  crisis  as 
would  be  pregnant  with  calamity  to 
all  parties. 

We  all  know  on  what  authority  the 
declaration  rests,  that  "  the  labourer 
is  worthy  of  h'i3  hire  which  hire,  we 
presume,  should  never  be  less  than  a 
subsistence ;  and  who  it  was  that  said 
"  the  poor  ye  have  always  with  ye 
and  we  have  little  reason  to  doubt  that 
those  who  oppress  the  poor  and  virtu- 
ous labourer,  are  in  the  sure  road  to 
the  Divine  displeasure. 

Mr.  Stephen  has  referred  to  coloni- 
zation as  providing  one  most  efficient 
remedy  for  an  excess  of  population  in 
the  agricultural  districts.  In  this  sug- 
gestion, upon  which  we  shall  hereafter 
remark  moie  fully,  weconcur  with  him; 
but  it  is  evident  that  colonization  does 
not  furnish  a  complete  and  fitting  re- 
medy, under  all  its  circumstances,  for 
the  case  of  the  Dledlow  paupers.  Their 
case  involves  the  claim  of  him  who 
tilleth  the  soil,  to  live,  together  with  his 
family,  by  the  fruits  of  the  soil  which 
he  tills ;  and  we  presume  that  the 
owner  of  that  soil  has  no  more  moral 
right  to  starve  those  who  labour  upon 
it,  than  the  Jews  of  old  had  to  muzzle 
the  mouth  of  the  ox  that  trod  out  the 
corn. 

11.  The  Mallhusian  Boon  unmasked. 

"  The  system  of  Mr.  Malthua,"  this 
writer  observes,  "  in  its  naked  detail, 
as  presented  to  us  in  his  original  or 
first  edition,  ascribes  and  traces  the  most 
part  of  human  misery  to  laws  of  nature. 
As  a  novel  and  hypothetical  fancy,  it 
struck  ;  but  soon  finding  that  upon 
examination  it  had  subjected  him  to 


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Poor  Laws. — Population. 


[Oct. 


universal  execration,  in  need  of  an 
apology,  of  a  retreat  from  the  merciless 
aoysa  into  which  he  had  plunged  both 
himself  and  his  fellow-mortals,  he 
adopted  the  mo  less  irrelevant  than  in- 
effectual remedy  of  *  moral  restraint/ 
**  The  system,"  it  is  added  in  a  sub- 
sequent page,  "  amounts  exactly  to 
this,  that  marriage  and  having  a  family 
are  luxuries,  and  therefore,  like  all 
other  luxuries,  should  be  confined  to, 
and  indulged  in,  by  those  persons  only 
who  are  able  to  pay  for  them." 

We  do  not  defend  the  doctrines  of 
Mr.  Matttms,  but  think  that  his  work 
justly  merited  that  severity  of  criticism 
which  it  experienced;  and  we  fully 
admit  that  to  "  increase  and  multiply, 
and  replenish  the  earth,"  is  a  divine 
command,  and  that  it  cannot  suffer 
violation,  without  entailing  on  those 
by  whom  it  is  violated,  many  and  seri- 
ous evils ;  whereas  its  conscientious 
fulfilment  is  connected  with  all  the 
charities  of  human  life,  and  even  in  the 
worst  imaginable  states  of  society,  will 
ensure  some  cheering  emotions  to 
countervail  the  severest  inflictions  to 
which  human  nature  is  exposed. 

But  having  made  these  concessions, 
we  cannot  accompany  the  author  of 
the  "  Malthusian  Boon  Unmasked" 
any  further.  We  cannot  concur  with 
him  in  imputing  to  the  new  Poor  Law 
any  accordance  with  the  doctrines  of 
Malthus,  in  violation  of  the  Divine 
commaud  :  on  the  contrary,  we  think 
this  author,  in  his  observations,  has 
himself  scarcely  touched  the  question 
of  the  Poor  Laws ;  an  examination  of 
which  must  have  involved  facts  too 
numerous,  and  details  too  minute,  for 
anything  like  a  satisfactory  discussion 
of  them  in  so  small  a  space  as  he  had 
allotted  to  himself.  lie  merely  glances 
at  one  or  two  anomalies  which  seem 
to  arise  out  of  the  new  system ;  for- 
getting that  anomalies  did  ulso  arise 
out  of  that  which  preceded  it. 

It  is  well  known  to  have  been  one 
of  the  faults  of  the  old  system,  that 
provision,  designed  originally  for  the 
meritorious  poor  and  really  necessi- 
tous, was  often  converted  into  a  more 
than  necessary  provision  for  the  cri- 
minal spungcrs  on  society,  and  some- 
times into  an  encouragement  to  crime. 

There  were  other  evils  in  the  exist- 
ing system  which  called  loudly  for  cor- 
rection :  and  we  presume  it  will  not 


be  denied,  that  the  concurrent  voice 
of  the  country  had  long  been  in  favour? 
of  some  attempt  to  remedy  these  evils, 
and  that  the  new  Poor  Law  was  de- 
signed as  a  remedy  for  them. 

The  crying  evil  of  the  old  system 
was  the  compulsory  relief  of  the  most 
immoral  vagrants,  in  large  towns, 
under  the  orders  of  magistrates,  which 
orders  those  magistrates  had  not  the 
power  to  withhold.  This  law,  and 
the  fact  is  within  our  knowledge,  did 
often  compel  the  overseers  of  large 
parishes  in  the  vicinity  of  London, 
daily,  at  the  close  of  each  day,  to  dis- 
tribute from  50  to  100  sixpences,  out 
of  the  hard  earnings  of  laborious  and 
painstaking  shopkeepers,  to  50  or  10O 
of  the  most  worthless  of  the  vagrant 
tribe,  who  had  been  infesting  the 
streets  through  the  day,  and  at  its 
close  resorted  to  this  fund  for  their 
support  through  the  night  in  lewdness 
and  rice,  that  they  might  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning  again  travel  in  the 
beaten  track  of  shameless  vagrancy  ; 
out  of  which,  so  long  as  they  could  go 
forward  in  it  with  impunity,  they  felt 
no  disposition  to  deviate  into  that  of 
honest  exertion  of  any  kind.  This,  it 
will  surely  be  admitted,  was  an  abuse 
of  the  legal  provision  for  paupers, 
which  called  loudly  for  correction. 

Not  much  less  to  be  deprecated  was 
the  abuse  in  agricultural  districts,  al- 
though arising  out  of  quite  different 
causes,  of  paying  part  of  the  labourers* 
wages  out  of  the  poor  rates. 

The  new  Poor  Law  aimed  at  correct- 
ing both  these  great  abuses,  by  draw- 
ing a  stronger  line  of  demarcation  than 
had  previously  existed  between  the 
rate  payer  and  rate  consumer ;  and 
so  far  its  object  was  unquestionably 
laudable.  I  ts  efficiency  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  its  object,  needed,  of 
course,  to  be  brought  to  the  test  of 
experiment ;  and  we  have  heard  or 
read  nothing  to  induce  us  to  believe 
that  its  operation  has  been  so  disas- 
trous as  some  writers  anticipated.  It 
could  not,  on  its  first  promulgation, 
fail  to  give  a  severe  shock  to  many 
previously  existing  habits,  customs, 
and  interests ;  still,  if  we  are  rightly 
informed,  it  is  even  now  scarcely  a 
problem,  whether  all  those  public  be- 
nefits  which  its  framers  expected  to 
see  arise  out  of  it,  (some  of  which  have 
already  been  derived  from  its  opera- 


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Poor  Laws.— Population. 


tion,  will  not  eventually  be  fully  re- 
alfzedw 

It  is  well  known  that  those  clauses 
of  the  new  Poor  Law  which  gave  most 
offence  to  a  large  portion  of  the  com- 
munity, were  the  "  bastardy  clauses 
and  that  those  clauses  were  designed  to 
protect  respectable  members  of  society 
from  formidable  evils  (such  as  domestic 
strife  and  public  odium)  which  every 
vr anion,  who  might  find  her  way  as  a 
servant  into  a  large  family,  had  it  in  her 
power  to  inflict  on  the  head  of  that 
family,  by  swearing  falsely.  Such  of  our 
readers  as  have  taken  the  pains  to  ex- 
amine the  evidence  submitted  to  parlia- 
ment, will  be  aware  of  the  strong  cases 
which  were  brought  before  the  legisla- 
ture, when  the  bastardy  clauses  were 
discussed  ;  and  to  such  persons,  es- 
pecially if  they  happen  to  have  had  any 
experience  as  overseers  of  the  poor  in 
populous  districts,  the  necessity  for 
some  attempt  to  devise  a  remedy  for  the 
evil  will  be  quite  evident,  even  though 
they  should  be  led  to  question  the  fit- 
ness of  the  remedy  adopted. 

We  scarcely  need  repeat,  that  we 
are  as  much  opposed,  as  this  writer 
can  be,  to  the  antisocial  doctrines  of 
Malthus ;  but  there  arc,  in  our  opi- 
nion, connected  with  the  obligations 
of  mankind  to  propagate  their  species, 
questions  of  civil  polity,  which  it  is 
the  imperative  duty  of  each  individual 
seriously  to  examine,  with  a  view  both 
to  the  better  regulation  of  his  conduct 
as  a  member  of  society,  and  to  the  in- 
terests of  his\  eventual  offspring.  A- 
roong  these  are  the  means  of  education, 
Or  of  the  training  of  human  beings,  tcifh 
reference  both  to  their  intellectual  deve- 
lopment, and  to  the  claims  which  society 
fatly  makes  upon  all  its  members  for 
service. 

Without  attention  to  these  import- 
ant subjects,  a  mere  augmentation 
of  the  numbers  of  the  human  race, 
by  the  reckless  procreation  of  children, 
"ill  not  prove  a  benefit  but  a  bane 
both  to  the  individuals  and  to  society, 
and  will,  in  no  sober  sense  of  the 
words,  be  a  fulfilment  of  the  Divine 
injunction  to  "  replenish  the  earth  ;" 
unless  it  is  to  be  contended  that  the 
filling  of  great  numbers  of  graves  with 
the  bodies  of  diseased  and  disowned 
children,  or  of  persons  of  more  ma- 
ture age,  whose  vices,  the  fruits  or 
wual  concomitants  of  want  of  in- 


struction, have  hurried  them  prema- 
turely out  of  life,  is  a  fulfilment  of 
that  command. 

In  the  further  prosecution  of  his 
argument  this  writer,  after  expressing 
doubts  respecting  the  tendency  of  po- 
pulation, in  free  countries,  to  increase 
beyond  the  means  of  subsistence,  offers 
some  observations  on  the  best  means 
of  disposing  of  any  possible  surplus  of 
labouring  hands,  either  by  an  exten- 
sion of  cultivation  at  home,  or  by 
colonization  abroad.  These  points  we 
shall  notice,  after  we  have  considered 
the  next  article  before  us ;  which  is, 

III.  Mr.  Gaskell's  Prospect*  of  In- 
dustry. 

Mr.  Gaskell,  in  his  preface,  states, 
that  he  is  "  not  amongst  those  who 
have  joined  the  hue  and  cry  against 
the  new  Poor  Law,  for,"  says  he,  "  I 
am  fully  aware  of  the  evils  which  have 
arisen  from  a  mal-administration  of 
parochial  relief,  and  from  a  departure 
from  the  only  legitimate  grounds  on 
which  poor  rates  should  rest."  Yet 
on  bis  concluding  page  he  asserts  "  it 
has  been  said  to  the  poor,  '  you  are 
in  distress ;  to  support  you  is  ruinous 
to  the  rest  of  the  community;  profits 
are  eaten  up  by  poor  rates ;  you  are 
wrong,  you  ought  not  to  be  paupers, 
and  you  shall  not  be  paupers  ;  or  if 
you  will,  vou  shall  go  to  prison.  A 
man  who  is  a  pauper  is  not  worthy  of 
being  considered  on  equality  with  the 
rest  of  his  species;  what  right  have 
you  to  cherish  a  wife  and  family  when 
you  carmot  support  them  ?  Overseers 
are  as  much  to  blame  as  you.  Such 
a  state  of  things  can  no  longer  be 
borne.'  This  ia  the  language  of  the 
framers  of  the  Poor  Law  Bill.  It  is  a 
language  at  variance  with  religion, 
with  humanity,  and  with  sound  and 
enlightened  policy." 

After  perusing  a  paragraph  so  de- 
clamatory as  that  last  quoted,  against 
a  measure  which  was  unquestionably 
the  result  of  much  painful  and  anxious 
deliberation,  and  which,  we  have  rea- 
son to  believe,  has  done,  and  is  still 
doing  great  service  to  the  country,  by 
overturning  vicious  systems,  and  ruin- 
ous practices,  and  by  substituting  for 
them  less  exceptionable  means  of  admi- 
nistering relief  to  the  poor,  we  might 
have  been  justified,  notwithstanding 
the  attention  which  Mr.  Gaskell  ap- 


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Poor  Laws. — Population. 


pears  to  have  given  to  the  subject,  had 
we  laid  his  pamphlet  aside,  and  taken 
up  the  work  of  some  more  candid 
writer :  but  lest  this  gentleman,  and 
those  who  incline  to  his  views,  should 
imagine  that  he  has  not  received  due 
attention  from  us,  we  will  lay  before 
our  readers  the  few  notes  we  have 
penned  as  we  turned  over  his  pages. 

He  begins  by  repeating  the  often  - 
refuted  objections  to  machinery,  which 
we  do  not  feci  ourselves  called  upon 
again  to  rebut  by  rehearsing  at  any 
length  the  arguments  in  its  defence. 
It  has  never  been  denied  by  the  de- 
fenders of  machinery,  that  it  has  a  ten- 
dency, temporarily,  to  diminish  the 
call  for  labour  in  certain  channels, 
and  thereby  to  create,  for  a  time,  a 
surplus  of  labour  in  the  market :  but, 
on  the  other  hand,  machinery  has 
opened  for  that  surplus,  so  created, 
new  and  in  many  respects  better  chan- 
nels ;  while  it  has  furnished  improved 
means  of  supplying  the  wants  both  of 
the  employed  and  unemployed,  as  well 
as  of  much  higher  social  enjoyment  to 
every  member  of  the  community,  and 
of  greater  national  advancement.  Im- 
provements in  machinery  have  likewise 
been,  in  an  eminent  degree,  favourable 
to  the  moral  and  intellectual  advance- 
ment of  the  human  race. 

Nor  should  it  ever  be  forgotten  that, 
were  the  arguments  which  are  brought 
against  improved  machinery  carried 
out  to  their  full  length,  they  would 
lead  to  the  rejection  of  the  plough,  the 
spade,  and  the  trowel,  because  these 
arc  machines  the  use  of  which  does 
necessarily  diminish  the  demand  for 
labour,  and  consequently  of  labourers. 

But  if  the  use  of  machinery  be  not 
altogether  rejected,  we  see  not  how  it 
is  possible  to  fix  any  other  limit  to  it 
than  its  capabilities.  It  docs  not  ap- 
pear to  us  practicable  to  draw  any  line 
of  demarcation  which  will  satisfy  all 
the  claims  and  prejudices  of  the  vari- 
ous classes  of  society  who  have  an  in- 
terest in  the  question. 

Mr.  Gaskeli  refers  to  the  excessive 
employment  of  children  in  factories  as 
one  of  the  evil  consequences  of  the  use 
of  machinery.  An  evil  it  unquestion- 
ably is,  and  connected  with  the  factory 
system,  though  not  necessarily  with 
machinery.  It  is  an  evil  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  which  may  require, 
in  addition  to  religious  and  moral  in- 


culcation on  the  parents  and  others 
who  have  charge  of  children,  some 
stronger  legal  restraint.    We  have  no 
doubt  that  a  wholesome  law  is  required 
in  order  to  protect  weak  and  defence- 
less infancy,  both  from  the  oppressive 
exactions  of  sordid  commercial  specu- 
lators, and  the  cupidity  or  supineness 
of  unnatural  and  improvident  parents; 
aud  surely,  if  there  were  wanting  an 
argument  in  favour  of  deferred  mar- 
riages among  the  poor,  the  evils  which 
arise  out  of  the  cruel  though  (through 
the  poverty  of  the  parents)  necessary 
introduction  of  children  into  factories 
at  too  early  an  age,  to  the  prejudice  of 
their  physical  constitutions,  and  al- 
ways to  the  neglect  and  sometimes  to 
the  complete  contamination  of  their 
minds,  would  furnish  one.  Greatly 
as  the  existence  of  such  an  evil  is  to  be 
regretted,  it  is  quite  evident  that  it  is 
a  consequence,  not  of  the  introduction 
of  machinery  into  factories,  but  of  the 
demoralized  state  of  the  labouring 
classes ;  because  the  same  neglect  of 
the  true  interests  of  the  rising  genera- 
tion, and  the  same  disposition  to  op- 
press them  as  is  found  in  factories, 
may  be  found  in  the  cottages  of  many 
mechanics,  even  of  the  cotton  spin- 
ners. 

With  respect  to  the  domestic  econo- 
my of  the  labouring  classes,  M  r.  Gaskeli 
knows  little  of  the  state  of  large  towns, 
if  he  does  not  know  that  great  num- 
bers of  parents  who  are  raising  fami- 
lies, or  at  least  producing  great  num- 
bers of  children,  and  who  could,  were 
their  habits  domestic  and  industrious, 
earn  as  much  per  week  as  the  cotton 
spinners  could  in  their  cottages,  and 
some  of  them  a  great  deal  more,  and 
who  might  thus  enable  themselves  to 
raise  their  families  in  cleanliness  and 
health,  and  give  them  a  virtuous  edu- 
tion,  do  actually,  by  wasting  the  larger 
portion  of  their  incomes  in  intemper- 
ance, in  beer-shops  and  gin-palaces, 
deprive  both  themselves  and  their  off- 
spring of  all  real  comfort  and  domestic 
enjoyment,  and  when  sickness,  or  tem- 
porary want  of  employment,  or  any 
other  misfortune  comes  upon  them, 
have  no  resource,  either  in  savings' 
banks,  friendly  societies,  or  any  other 
depository,  but  fly  to  the  parish  for 
support.  To  the  families  of  persons 
of  this  description  it  is  in  most  cases 
an  act  of  mercy  to  compel  them,  wheu 


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1835.] 


Poor  Laws. — Population. 


351 


they  apply  for  relief,  to  go  into  the 
workhouse. 

On  page  13,  Mr.  Gaskell  quotes  a 
statement    by  Mr.  Babbage,  which 
shows  that  a  cotton  spinner  who,  in 
1810,  earned  1/.  5*.  lOd.  by  spinning 
400 lbs.  of  cotton,  at  1*.  3{d.  per  score, 
could,  in  1832,  by  means  of  improved 
machinery  spin  1200lbs.  at  (yd.  per 
score,  and  earn  1/.  \0t.    But  the  cir- 
cumstance of  one  cotton  spinner  hav- 
ing been  able  to  do  this,  leads  Mr. 
Gaskell,  looking  at  that  fact  alone, 
and  not  at  the  greatly  increased  de- 
mand consequent  upon  the  reduction 
of  price,    to  infer  that  mechanism 
"  dams  up  the  outlets  of  labour.''  To 
this  inference,  as  far  as  we  understand 
his  terms,  we  object ;  and  will  refer 
him  to  page  26  of  his  own  pamphlet, 
in  which  he  has  stated  that  between 
1701,  when  there  was  no  machinery, 
and  1833,  when  machinery  had  at- 
tained to  its  present  height,  the  value 
of  the  British  cotton  trade  for  one 
year  had  increased  from  the  incon- 
siderable amount  of  20,000/.  to  the 
immense  sura  of  18,486,000/.,  and  ask 
him  whether  this  great  increase  could 
have  taken  place  had  it  not  been  for 
the  introduction  and  improvement  of 
machinery  ?  We  believe  not.  We  also 
believe  that,  at  the  latter  period,  not- 
withstanding the  use  of  machinery,  the 
cotton  manufacture  employed  beyond 
comparison   the   greater  number  of 
hands.  It  is  well  known,  and  has  often 
been  adduced  in  argument,  that  facili- 
ties for  culture  and  manufacture,  which 
depend  more  or  less  on  machinery,  by 
promoting  consumption  in  proportion 
as  they  reduce  the  prices  of  the  articles 
consumed,  do  in  fact  increase  the  de- 
mand for  labour. 

In  advocating  the  claimsof  the  hand- 
loom  weavers,  more  particularly,  whose 
earnings  are  stated  to  have  declined 
from  1 1. 13*.  6d.  per  week  to4».  \\d.,  in 
consequence  of  the  competition  with 
machinery,  but  who  have  nevertheless 
perscveringly  adhered  to  the  practice 
of  their  art,  and  refused  to  abandon  it 
for  more  profitable  employment  when 
offered  to  them,  Mr.  Gaskell  forgets 
that  the  hand- loom  is  itself  a  machine, 
and  that  the  question  at  issue  is  not 
as  to  the  introduction  of  machinery, 
but  as  to  the  abridgment  of  labour  and 
reduction  of  expense  by  improvements 
in  machinery.    Mr.  Baines,  the  mem- 


ber for  Leeds,  has,  it  appears,  advo- 
cated the  former  on  the  sound  princi- 
ples to  which  we  have  adverted  above ; 
and  we  are  surprised  at  finding  his 
argument  opposed  by  so  untenable  a 
doctrine  as  that  improvements  should 
not  be  allowed  to  progress,  even  though 
their  advancement  favour  the  general 
interests  of  society,  when  their  pro- 
gress offends  the  tenacity,  to  use  a 
mild  term,  of  any  valuable  class  of  so- 
ciety— the  hand- loom  weavers  for  in- 
stance— in  favour  of  their  own  parti- 
.  cular  craft. 

It  is  a  curious  fact,  noted  by  Mr. 
Gaskell  (p.  25),  and  one  which  tells 
strongly  against  the  opposers  of  ma  - 
chinery, that,  in  1 700,  the  agriculturists 
were  in  this  country  in  the  proportion 
of  2  to  1  of  the  manufacturers ;  and 
that  in  1830  the  case  was  completely 
reversed,  and  the  manufacturers  were 
then  in  the  proportion  of  2  to  1  of  the 
agriculturists.  To  those  who  consider 
how  much  moral,  literary,  political, 
and  we  would  fain  add  religious  im- 
provement, are  connected  with  the 
latter  period,  this  change  will  not  be 
an  occasion  of  regret. 

On  page  16  Mr.  Gaskell  gives  a 
comparative  census  of  the  population 
of  Lancashire  and  Norfolk,  the  former 
a  manufacturing  and  the  latter  an 
agricultural  county,  between  the  years 
1700  and  1831,  which  represents  the 
former  as  having  in  that  period  in- 
creased ninefold,  and  the  latter  at  the 
rate  of  ouly  one  and  three-quarters. 
It  is  also  stated  that,  on  a  comparison 
of  the  entire  population  of  England, 
the  manufacturing  and  agricultural 
counties  had  increased  in  the  propor- 
tion of  140  in  the  former  to  50  in  the 
latter.  This  calculation,  if  correct, 
proves  that  the  less  active  habits  of 
manufacturers  are  not  unfavourable  to 
a  rapid  increase  of  population,  and  we 
admit  that  it  may  be  used,  as  Mr. 
Gaskell  uses  it,  as  an  argument  in  fa- 
vour of  manual  husbandry.  It  may 
also  be  used  as  an  argument  in  favour 
of  emigration,  or  of  any  other  measure 
which  may  be  calculated  to  place  a 
part  at  least  of  an  overflowing  popula- 
tion in  circumstances  which  will  ren- 
der greater  physical  exertion  necessary 
for  the  procurement  of  subsistence. 

Adverting  to  this  fact,  we  deplore,  as 
much  as  Mr.  Gaskell  can  do.  any  di- 
minution of  agricultural  cottages  (page 


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352 

13),  in  which  poor  families  formerly 
maintained  themselves  in  a  desirable 
state  of  independence  :  this  is,  how- 
ever, an  evil,  which  the  new  Poor  Law 
did  not  create,  and  which  it  does  not, 
in  our  opinion,  in  the  least  aggravate, 
and  cannot  prevent.  The  remedy  for 
this  evil  is  the  restoration  of  cottage 
husbandry,  to  which  we  shall  now  call 
the  attention  of  our  readers  in  a  very 
few  observations  on, 

IV.  The  Labourers'  Friend,  8fC. 

V.  Uteful  Hints,  SfC. 

VI.  The  Labourers'  Friend  Society,  SfC 

There  are  some  aged  persons  who 
recollect  those  uuinclosed  plots  of 
ground,  of  which  there  was  formerly 
one  in  every  parish,  called  the  common, 
because  upon  it  the  resident  agricul- 
turalists possessed  a  common  right  of 
pasturage,  and  round  it  erected  cot- 
tages, each  inclosing  and  cultivating  a 
small  piece  of  garden  ground.  It  will 
also  be  recollected  that,  about  sixty 
years  since,  a  great  many  acts  of  par- 
liament were  passed  for  the  inclosure 
of  these  commons,  and  the  allotment 
of  them  to  the  inhabitants,  in  quanti- 
ties proportioned  to  their  existing 
landed  interests  in  the  several  parishes, 
and  that  there  was  at  the  time  consi- 
derable discussion  respecting  the  wis- 
dom or  expediency  of  this  proceeding. 

Its  advocates  could  see  no  objection 
to  it.  It  was  in  their  judgment  not  ouly 
feasible  but  expedient.  They  regarded 
and  defended  it,  as  being  merely  the 
equitable  division  of  a  common  pro- 
perty among  the  proprietors,  assigning 
to  each  individual  his  just  proportion. 

Its  opponents,  on  the  other  hand, 
augured  from  it  consequences  unfriend- 
ly to  the  interests  of  the  poor.  And  it 
now  appears  that  time,  that  great  sol- 
ver of  doubts  and  rectifyer  of  opinions, 
by  casting  the  light  of  truth  on  this 
question, has  fully  confirmed  the  doubts 
of  those  by  whom  the  measure  was  op- 
posed. 

It  now  appears  to  have  been  one 
of  its  most  fatal  consequences,  that 
it  enabled  the  improvident  fathers  of 
families  to  alienate,  for  small  sums  of 
money  which  were  soon  dissipated, 
their  portions  of  the  common  property, 
whereby  the  allotments  of  land  have 
been  severed  from  the  cottages,  and 
absorbed  by  the  large  farms  ;  and  as  a 
necessary  consequence,  the  families  of 


[Oct. 

many  small  cottagers  have  been  thrown 
for  support  on  the  respective  parishes. 

Hence  has  arisen,  in  several  agricul- 
tural parishes,  a  much  more  extended 
pauperism,  and  the  introduction  of 
pauperism  into  other  parishes  where  it 
had  previously  been  unknown.  Thus, 
also,  has  it  become  an  ascertained 
truth  (for  the  documents  contained  in 
the  works  before  us,  and  particularly 
in  No.  IV.,  demonstrate  it)  that  under 
the  old  system  of  commonage  the  la- 
bouring agriculturists  provided  for  their 
families  more  easily  and  with  less  ex- 
pense than  their  richer  neighbours  can 
now  provide  for  them  by  the  operation 
of  poor  laws. 

It  has,  under  these  circumstances, 
been  proposed  to  return,  so  far  as  may 
be  practicable,  to  the  old  system,  by 
the  assignment  of  small  pieces  of  land 
and  cottages  on  very  moderate  terms, 
with  facilities  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
land,  to  such  labourers  in  husbandry  as 
have  families :  thus  enabling  them  to 
subsist,  and  train  up  their  families, 
without  parrochial  aid. 

The  publications  of  the  Labourers' 
Friend  Society  exhibit  the  system  of 
cottage  husbandry  in  its  details,  dis- 
playing its  advantages,  its  successes, 
its  effects  in  reducing  or  preventing 
pauperism,  and  its  consequent  claims 
to  patronage  as  a  means  of  elevating 
the  virtuous  and  industrious  poor,  who 
inhabit  the  agricultural  districts,  above 
the  contingency  of  pauperism.  Its 
claims  are  so  powerful,  that  we  cannot 
withhold  from  them  our  suffrage,  but 
wish  the  experiment  all  imaginable 
success. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  observe, 
that,  among  the  regulations  for  the 
management  of  cottage  husbandry,  do- 
mestic habits,  temperance,  and  religion 
occupy  an  important  place.  It  is  also 
laid  down,  as  the  result  of  much  expe- 
rience, that,  in  order  to  secure  the  de- 
sired benefits  to  the  husbandman  and 
his  family,  the  land  and  the  cottage- 
should  be  contiguous.  It  is  by  redeem- 
ing small  portions  of  time,  with  the 
aid  of  a  wife  and  children,  and  the  use 
of  the  spade,  that  the  cottage  husband- 
man renders  the  system  subservient  to 
his  and  his  family's  real  advantage; 
and  this  he  cannot  do  if  his  cottage 
and  land  are  detached  from  each  other. 
His  garden  and  domestic  farm  are  the 
objects  of  his  attention  in  the  morning 


Poor  Laws. — Allotments  of  Land. 


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1 835 .]                      Colonization  and  Emigration.  353 

before  he  quits  his  home  to  labour  for  colonization,  which  would  unburst  ion- 
hire,  and  after  he  returns  to  it  in  the  ably,  by  diminishing  the  disposable 
evening  ;  and  in  the  summer  season  he  surplus  of  labourers,  raise  their  value 
leaves  not  a  little  light  work  to  be  per-  in  the  labour  market, 
formed  every  day  during  his  absence,  If  we  consider  that  the  boundaries 
by  his  family;  but  of  this  aid  he  would  of  our  country  are  fixed  by  the  im- 
necessarily  be  deprived  were  his  resi-  mutable  laws  of  Providence;  that  po- 
dence  and  land  detached.  pulation  swarms  around  us  in  all  di- 
Colonizationeuid  Emigration  are  other  recti  oiks,  and  that  manual  labour  is, 
topics   embraced  in  some  of  these  as  we  all  know,  at  a  discount,  what 
pamphlets,  which  we  shall  very  briefly  need  have  we  of  further  evidence? 
notice.    The  author  of  the  Malthusian  The  existence  of  a  surplus  of  able- 
Boon,  &c.  as  already  remarked,  con-  bodied  unemployed  labourers  is  the 
tends  that  population  does  not  increase  only  fact  which  we  need  consider ;  and 
in  any  country  at  anything  like  the  being  satisfied  as  to  this  fact,  coloni- 
rate  assumed  by  the  hypothesis  of  zation,  whereby  a  man  who  was  a  vir- 
Malthus,  and  that  the  British  Islands  tuous  pauper  in  England,  may  in  a 
are  by  no  means  now  full  of  people ;  few  years  become  the  proprietor  of  a 
and  that  certain  economical  arrange-  farm  in  one  of  the  colonies,  offers  it- 
ments,  such  as  the  cultivation  of  waste  self  for  our  relief, 
lands  and  substitution  of  steam  or  Happily  for  us,  our  present  state  of 
water  conveyance  for  the  services  of  international  peace,  a  fiords  both  the 
draft  cattle,  would  render  our  country,  means  and  the  opportunity  for  extend- 
to  r  ages  yet  to  come,  capable  of  con-  ing  colonization  ;  and  we  trust  that  it 
taining  and  feeding  more  inhabitants  will  be  so  wisely  conducted  as  not 
by  several  millions  than  it  now  sup-  only  to  extend  our  connexions,  but  add 
ports.    Mr.  Gaskell  takes  nearly  the  to  our  influence  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
same  ground,  calling  upon  us  to  wait  world.with which ourcommon language 
till  it  has  been  proved  that  we  are  over-  and  literature,  as  well  as  many  natural 
peopled,  before  we  begin  to  prepare  ties,  will  be  a  permanent  bond  of  union, 
for  colonization.  The  fact  of  a  great  in-  On  the  subject  of  Education,  the 
crease  in  our  population  has  been  long  only  other  point  noticed  in  these  tracts, 
since  proved  to  our  satisfaction,  by  par-  we  must  for  the  present  postpone  our 
liamentary  returns ;  we  are  therefore  remarks ;  merely  observing  that,  al- 
somewhat  surprised  at  the  course  of  though  it  was  not  one  of  the  professed 
argument  which  these  gentlemen  have  objects  of  the  new  Poor  Law  to  pro- 
taken;  and  recollecting  how  much,  with  vide  for  general  education,  we  have 
them,  the  want  of  adequate  employ-  seen  nothing  in  that  law  which  is  un- 
ment  for  the  labouring  classes  had  been  friendly  to  it :  but  that,  the  more  the 
a  subject  of  complaint,  we  feel  sur-  subject  is  examined,  a  strictly  national 
prised  at  their  demurring  to  the  pre-  education  is  found  to  be  a  question  of 
sent  discussion  of  plans  of  beneficial  considerable  difficulty.           T.  F. 


THE  NEW  RECORD  COMMISSION.  — No.  III. 
The  Pipe  Roll  of  3Ut  Henry  I* 
THE  Pipe  Rolls  are  the  most  important  fiscal  Records  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer. 
They  contain  the  accounts  rendered  from  year  to  year  by  the  sheriffs,  farmers,  and 
eustodes  of  the  territorial  revenues  of  the  Crown ;  by  persons  bound  to  pay  to  the 
Crown  fines  assessed  by  the  King's  Justices,  either  as  punishments  for  offences,  or  as 
compositions  for  matters  of  special  grace  and  favour ;  and  also  by  the  collectors  of 
danegeld,  censuses,  aids,  and  other  payments  in  the  nature  of  taxes.  The  series  of 
these  Records  commences  with  the  second  year  of  Henry  II.  and  is  complete  from 
that  period  down  to  the  present  time  with  only  two  exceptions.    Besides  this  long 

*  Magnum  Rotulum  Scaccarii,  vel  Magnum  Rotulum  Pip*,  de  Anno  Tricesimo. 

S-imo  regni  Henrici  Primi,  (ut  videtur)  quem  plurimi  hactenus  laudarunt  pro  Rotulo 
uinti  Anni  Stephani  Regis,  nunc  primum  edidit  Josephus  Hunter,  S.A.S.  8vo.  bond. 
1833.  pp. 

Gbitt.  Mag.  Vol.  IV.  3  Z 


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354  The  New  Record  Commission— No.  III.  [Oct. 


series  there  also  exists  one  incomplete  Roll  belonging  to  some  anterior  year.  That 
Roll  is  the  one  here  published. 

The  custom  of  entering  these  accounts  upon  Rolls,  or  parchment  membranes, 
fastened  together  at  the  top,  after  the  manner  of  judicial  records,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  coeval  with  the  existence  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer.  The  author  of  the  ancient 
Dialogue  de  Scaccario,  refers  to  the  Pipe  Rolls  of  Henry  I.  as  records  existing  in  his 
time,  and  the  compiler  of  the  Liber  Ruben*,  or  Red  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  states 
that  he  had  seen  several  Pipe  Rolls  of  that  reign.  All  these  Rolls,  however,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  succeeding  reign  of  Stephen,  have  disappeared,  leaving  behind  them 
the  present  document  as  a  solitary  token  that  they  once  existed. 

There  being  nothing  in  the  document  itself  which  directly  fixes  the  year  to  which 
it  belongs,  its  date  has  been  a  subject  of  conjecture  and  discussion  amongst  the  com- 
paratively few  persons  in  every  generation  who  interest  themselves  about  such 
inquiries.  An  indorsement  upon  the  Roll  itself,  written  in  an  ancient  hand,  assigns 
it  to  the  first  year  of  Henry  II. ;  and  Spelman,  in  his  Glossary  (voce  Achata),  quotes 
it  as  a  record  of  that  date.  This  was  probably  the  blunder  of  some  superficial 
inquirer,  who  having  found  a  series  going  back  to  the  2d  Henry  II.  and  one  Roll 
besides,  set  that  one  Roll  down  to  the  preceding  year,  without  any  sufficient  investi- 
gation. Attached  to  the  Roll  is  a  slip  of  parchment,  upon  which  is  written,  in  a 
modern  hand,  a  refutation  of  this  date,  and  tin  assignment  of  the  Roll  to  another  date. 
Prynne  states  that  he  had  heard  that  this  document  was  attached  by  Sir  Symonds 
D'Ewes.  It  proves  that  the  old  opinion  had  no  shadow  of  probability,  first,  because 
the  unsatisfied  balances  in  this  Roll  are  not  carried  on  in  the  Roll  of  2d  Henry  II., 
which  would  certainly  have  been  the  case  if  that  had  been  the  Roll  of  the  year  imme- 
diately subsequent ;  and,  secondly,  because  the  Sheriffs,  mentioned  as  accountants  in 
the  Roll  in  question,  are  not  the  Sheriffs  of  the  1st  Henry  II.  as  set  forth  in  the  Laber 
Rube  us. 

The  new  date  to  which  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes  referred  the  Roll,  was  the  fifth  of 
Stephen,  and  by  that  date  it  was  quoted  by  Dugdale  in  his  Baronage,  in  no  less  than 
forty-six  places,  and  has  generally  passed  current  amongst  antiquaries.  Several  mem- 
branes of  the  Roll  are  referred  to  by  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes,  as  containing  authorities 
in  support  of  this  opinion ;  but  the  passages  themselves  are  not  quoted,  and  we  are 
therefore  left  to  conjecture  upon  what  grounds,  and  upon  what  particular  entries,  he 
relied.*  The  probability  seems  to  be  that  he  understood  the  phrases  '  tercii  anni/ 
«  quarti  anni/  which  occur  in  several  parts  of  the  Roll,  to  mean  the  third  or  fourth 
year  «  of  the  reign/  instead  of  the  third  or  fourth  year  •  last  past/  which  was  evi- 
dently the  sense  in  which  those  phrases  were  here  employed.  Building  upon  the 
foundation  of  this  mistake,  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes  argued  that  the  Roll  belonged  to 
the  fifth  year  of  some  king's  reign,  and  as  the  5th  Henry  I.  was  too  early  for  many  of 
the  persons  named  in  the  Record,  and  the  Roll  of  the  5th  Henry  II.  was  in  existence, 

•  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes  referred  to  Roll  14°.  m.  2,  Roll  5°.  m.  1,  Roll  12°.  m.  1, 
as  containing  entries  which,  1  taken  together/  established  his  opinion.  Madox  drew 
his  conclusion  as  to  the  meaning  of  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes,  from  two  passages  on  the 
14th  Roll,  one  on  the  5th,  and  one  on  the  4th,  without  any  instance  derived  from  the 
12th  Roll.  He  was  probably  not  able  to  find  one.  The  distinction  between  the 
membranes,  which  ought  to  have  been  pointed  out,  is  not  noticed  in  this  volume,  and 
it  is  difficult,  therefore,  if  not  impossible,  for  any  one  who  has  not  access  to  the  ori- 
ginal, to  form  a  judgment  as  to  what  passage  upon  the  12th  Roll  was  referred  to  by 
Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes.  As  his  date  was  established  upon  the  comparison  of  passages 
from  three  Rolls,  it  is  clear  that  a  refutation  founded  upon  a  comparison  of  passages 
from  only  two  of  them,  cannot  be  said  to  be  entirely  conclusive,  and  might  lead  to  a 
supposition  that  the  real  meaning  of  Sir  S.  D'Ewes  had  not  been  discovered.  With- 
out, however,  taking  the  trouble  to  unravel  his  mistake,  the  positive  testimony  as  to 
the  year  to  which  the  Roll  belongs  is  quite  sufficient  to  overturn  his  conclusion. 

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1835.]  The  Pipe  Roll  of  3Ut  King  Henry  I.  355 

he  set  it  down  as  having  relation  to  the  fifth  year  of  the  intermediate  reign.  It  is 
quite  evident  from  various  historical  circumstances  brought  forward  by  Mr.  Hunter 
(pref.  p.  xi.),  that  the  statements  in  the  Roll  are  at  variance  with  the  condition  of 
affairs  in  the  5th  Stephen,  and  no  doubt  whatever  can  exist  that  Sir  Symonds  D'Ewes's 
date  is  equally  erroneous  with  that  of  1st  Henry  II. 

Prynne,  who  entertained  odd  opinions  upon  antiquarian  as  well  as  other  subjects, 
determined  that  this  Roll  belonged  to  the  18th  Henry  I.  for  no  better  reason  than 
that  it  contains  an  allowance  to  the  Sheriffs  of  London  for  oil  to  burn  before  the 
sepulchre  of  the  Queen,  and  also  for  cloth  to  put  over  the  Queen's  sepulchre.  The 
only  Queen  to  whom  these  items  can  apply,  is  Maud,  the  first  Queen  of  Henry  I. 
who  died  A.  D.  1118,  in  the  18th  year  of  the  King's  reign.  But  it  does  not  by  any 
means  follow  that  these  expenses  were  incurred  in  the  very  year  in  which  the  Queen 
died ;  and  indeed  Mr.  Hunter  remarks  (pref.  p.  xiii.),  that  these  payments  occur  in 
several  others  of  the  early  Rolls,  in  the  same  form  and  to  the  same  amount,  a  fact 
which  Prynne  himself  had  elsewhere  observed.  Many  other  reasons,  quite  conclusive 
against  Prynne's  opinion,  might  be  adduced,  but  one  which  Mr.  Hunter  has  brought 
forward  is  sufficient,  namely,  that  Alexander  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  who  was  not  raised 
to  the  episcopal  dignity  until  the  35th  Henry  I.  is  twice  mentioned  on  the  Roll. 

Madox,  whose  labours  upon  this  as  upon  every  other  subject,  have  been  of  signal 
use  to  all  subsequent  inquirers,  addressed  a  Latin  dissertation  upon  the  date  of  this 
Record  to  Lord  Somers.  He  sufficiently  refuted  all  the  previous  opinions,  but  with 
peculiar  diffidence  declined  assigning  the  Roll  to  any  particular  year.  He  declared  it 
to  belong  to  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  but  left  *  the  skilful'  to  decide  more  closely. 
Rather  than  set  up  an  opinion  upon  his  own  authority,  he  even  continued,  throughout 
bis  History  of  the  Exchequer,  to  refer  to  it  as  the  Roll  of  the  5th  Stephen ;  and  in 
his  list  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  has  inserted  no  less  than  eight  names,  in  the 
reign  of  Stephen,  solely  upon  the  authority  of  this  Record. 

Mr.  Hunter,  the  editor  of  the  present  volume,  appears  to  have  approached  the  sub-  . 
ject  with  scarcely  less  diffidence  than  Madox.  He  has  qualified  the  date  of  31  st  Hen.  I. 
which  he  has  placed  upon  the  title  page,  with  4  ut  videturj  and  has  thought  it  neces- 
sary to  apologise  to  the  public  for  having  *  ventured  to  advance  a  step  farther'  than 
his  diffident  and  unobtrusive  predecessor.  So  true  is  it  that  excellence  in  every  thing 
is  far  removed  from  arrogance  and  presumption ;-— the  superficial  alone  are  to  be  found 

4  Amongst  the  rude,  the  boisterous,  the  loud.' 

Mr.  Hunter's  opinion  is  partly  derived  from  facts  pointed  out  by  Madox,  and 
partly  from  particulars  which  have  occurred  to  himself  upon  editing.  Taken  together, 
they  appear  to  us  to  establish  his  proposition  satisfactorily,  and  to  prove,  beyond  all 
manner  of  doubt,  4  that  these  are  the  accounts  of  the  year  ending  in  1130,  Sept.  29* 
This  day  falling  within  the  31st  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  the  Roll  would,  accord- 
ing to  the  usual  practice,  be  called  the  Roll  of  that  year,  although  the  affairs  treated 
of  in  it  would  occur  for  the  most  part  in  the  30th  year  of  that  king's  reign,  bis  reign 
commencing  on  or  about  the  5th  day  of  August.' — (Pref.  p.  xv.) 

The  grounds  upon  which  this  date  is  established  are  so  numerous,  that  we  cannot 
find  space  for  them  all,  but  we  will  shortly  notke  a  few  of  the  circumstances  stated 
by  Mr.  Hunter,  which  we  think  sufficient  to  render  the  fact  quite  undeniable. 

I.  The  Bishop  of  Winchester  is  referred  to  as  holding  the  Abbey  of  Glastonbury* 
together  with  his  Bishoprick.  This  can  only  allude  to  Henry  of  Blois,  who  was 
appointed  to  the  Bishoprick  of  "Winchester,  A.D.  1129,  and  was  consecrated  on  the 
17th  November  in  that  year.  The  Roll  cannot  belong  therefore  to  an  earlier  year 
than  1129. 

II.  Herveius  the  first  Bishop  of  Ely,  is  an  accountant  upon  this  Roll.  His  death 
is  placed  by  the  better  authorities  on  the  30th  August  1131,  but  one  Chronicler  states 
that  it  occurred  A.  D.  1 133.    Thus  the  RoU  cannot  belong  to  a  later  year  than  1 133. 


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356  The  New  Record  Commission.— No.  III.  [Oct 

III.  Geoffrey  Escolknd  accounts  for  the  Am  of  the  Bishopric*  of  Durham  for 
two  years  immediately  preceding  the  conclusion  of  the  account  ™*  ^.f™*™** 
of  tie  firm  remaining  due  at  the  death  of  the  Bishop,  upon  whose  d« tth  % 

rick  was  committed  to  this  accountant.  Ralph  Flambard,  the  Bishop "*»™™; 
died  on  the  5th  September,  1128.  The  first  year  of  Escolland's  acconnl tended  in 
September  1129,  the  second  in  September  1130.    That  is  the  year  of  tb e  i ac™»nt- 

IV.  An  old  debt  is  charged  in  the  account  against  Vmceutius  Abbot  of  Ab^do"; 
and  afterwards  discharged,  in  consequence  of  his  death.  He  died  on  the  4th  of  the 
kalends  of  April,  1130. 

These  facts  seem  to  us  sufficient  to  identify  the  Roll  with  the  year  ending  on  the 
29th  September,  1 130.  If  any  person  however  thinks  them  inconclusive,  let  him  not 
upon  that  account  determine  that  the  matter  is  doubtful.  Whoever  will  turn  to  the 
volume  and  Mr.  Hunter's  preface,  will,  upon  a  close  investigation,  find  ample  reason 
for  concluding  that  Mr.  Hunter  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  baring  determined  this 
long  pending  literary  question,  and  fixed  the  date  of  the  Roll  upon  grounds  which 
cannot  be  shaken.  Henceforth  it  will  be  a  mark  of  ignorance  to  denote  the  Roll  by 
any  other  date  than  the  31st  Henry  I.  It 

The  Record  itself  is  worthy  of  the  pains  which  have  been  bestowed  upon  it. 
stands  next  in  antiquity  to  Domesday  Book,  and  belongs  to  a  period  which  k  singu- 
larly devoid  of  authentic  documentary  evidence.  In  its  pages  we  trace  the  immediate 
descendants  of  the  men  whose  swords  assisted  the  Conqueror,  and  who  shared  the 
spoils*  of  conquest  with  bim,-4he  great  tenants  in  capite  of  Domesday.  Genealogi- 
cally, this  little  volume  has  considerable  value,  and  of  course  in  that  respect  its  value 
is  greatly  increased  by  the  certainty  with  which  its  date  is  now  fixed.  The  number  of 
entries  in  it  relating  to  the  descents  of  families,  some  of  whom  are  of  high  im- 
portance, exceeds  two  hundred.  Nor  is  it  less  worthy  of  the  consideration  of  the 
topographer.  The  government  of  the  cities  and  burghs,  the  possession  and  transfer 
of  lands  in  particular  counties,  and  occasionally  in  particular  places,  may  here  be 
often  traced  with  great  certainty.  But  it  is  to  the  legal  antiquary,  to  the  inquirer 
into  the  state  of  manners,  to  him  who  studies  the  progress  of  institutions  and  of  civi- 
lisation, that  this  document,  however  meagre  and  uninviting  in  appearance,  is  most 
valuable.  Here,  in  the  language  of  Warton's  noble  vindication  of  antiquarian  studies, 
may  '  The  piercing  eye  explore 

New  manners ,  and  the  pomp  of  elder  days/ 


It  presents  as  it  were  a  picture  of  a  great  part  of  the  kingdom  •  in  little and  as 
the  comparative  anatomist,  from  the  inspection  of  a  small  portion  of  the  frame  of 
an  animal,  can  determine  its  sise,  its  form,  and  its  character,  so,  from  the  information 
contained  in  this  volume,  may  be  determined  the  moral  standing  of  England  at  the 
period  to  which  it  refers,  its  comparative  civilisation,  and  the  efficiency  of  its  lawi 
towards  the  attainment  of  the  great  ends  of  civil  government.  It  is  in  this  point  of 
view  that  the  series  of  the  Pipe  Rolls  is  most  important.  The  descent  of  noble 
families,  and  the  transfer  of  estates,  however  interesting  as  distinct  subjects  of  inquiry, 
sink  into  insignificance  when  compared  with  that  nobler  study,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  develope  the  progressive  influences  of  religion  and  laws  upon  mankind. 

We  will  give  a  general  description  of  the  form  and  nature  of  the  Record,  and  also 
exemplify  its  utility,  by  a  selection  of  some  of  the  passages  which  tend  to  illustrate 
the  then  existing  condition  of  society. 

The  Roll  consists  of  sixteen  smaller  Rolls,  each  of  which  is  composed  of  two  mem- 
branes,  and  contains  the  accounts  of  one  or  more  counties.  Thirty-one  counties  are 
mentioned  as  accounted  for,  besides  various  honours,  burghs,  and  other  peculiar  aud 
exclusive  jurisdictions.  The  shires  of  Somerset,  Worcester,  Hereford,  Salop,  and 
Chester,  are  altogether  wanting ;  those  of  Lancaster,  Westmoreland,  and  Durham, 


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1835.]  The  Pipe  Roll  of  31rt  King  Henry  I.  357 

seem  imperfectly  accounted  for,  although  it  is  probable  that  much  of  the  apparent 
imperfection  arises  from  our  ignorance  of  the  boundaries  of  those  counties  at  the  time 
to  which  the  Roll  belongs.  With  some  trifling  exceptions,  arising  from  carelessness 
or  exposure,  all  the  existing  membranes  are  complete;  one  of  those  relating  to  Hamp- 
shire has  been  lost,  and  it  is  not  improbable  that  those  belonging  to  the  counties 
which  are  unnoticed,  once  existed,  but  have  perished  in  the  lapse  of  time. 

The  accounts  are  divided  into  two  parts ;  one  unentitled,  except  by  the  name  of  the 
county  to  which  it  belongs,  and  the  other  designated  •  Nova  Placita  &  Move  conven- 
tioues.'  The  first  contains  entries  relating  to  the  old  accounts  remaining  unpaid 
upon  former  Rolls,  and  also  entries  of  all  continuous  accounts,  or  accounts  which 
occurred,  as  of  course,  from  year  to  year.  The  second  division,  as  its  title  imports, 
contains  all  the  accounts  arising  out  of  the  4  new  pleas  and  new  agreements '  which 
had  accrued  during  the  past  year.  If  when  a  fine  was  assessed  it  remained  altogether 
unpaid,  it  was  entered  amongst  the  nova  placita  as  a  debt,  thus : 

1  Ralph  Fit*  Godric  owes  one  horse  of  the  value  of  sixty  shillings,  that  he  should 
not  be  impleaded  for  his  land.'— p.  118.  „    ,  .  t.f  hp 

*  Ralph  Hauoc  [Hawk]  owes  two  girfalcons  and  two  Norway  Hawks,  that  ne  may 
have  the  same  acquittance  which  his  father  had.'— p.  148.  anA 

•  Agnes  the  wife  of  Geoffrey  Tftlebot  owes  two  marks  of  gold  for  her  dower  and 

marriage.' — p-  6*7. 

The  account  thus  entered,  or  as  it  was  termed  «  put  in  charge,'  was  passed  as  of 
course  to  the  next  year's  Roll.  The  accountant  was  summoned  to  the  Exchequer,  to 
answer  for  the  sum  that  was  in  charge  against  him,  and  upon  his  appearance  the 
account  was  either  discharged  in  whole,  or  in  part,  or  permitted  to  stand  over  to  the 
nsxt  Roll.    If  partly  paid  the  entry  was  as  follows  :— 

*  Robert  Fits  Payne  renders  account  of  seven  marks  of  silver  for  the  land  of. Ebrard 
his  uncle.    Paid  into  the  Exchequer  four  marks  of  silver.   And  he  owes  forty  shil- 

^Robert^tx  Seward  render,  account  of  fifteen  mark,  of  silver  ^  the  office  «* 
wife  of  Hugh  Chivill.    Paid  into  the  Exchequer  four  pounds.    And  he  owes  six 

^^bertPifcui>det  render,  account  of  thirty  marks  of  sUver  and  two  war  ho™* 
that  the  king  would  make  peace  between  him  and  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln.    Paid  into 
the  Exchequer  100  shillings!    And  he  owes  15  pounds  and  two  war  horse..'— p.  67. 

If  altogether  discharged  it  runs  thus  :— 

«  William  de  Hocton  renders  account  of  10  marks  of  gold,  that  he  may  have  the 
wife  of  Geoffrey  de  Fauarc  in  marriage,  with  her  land,  and  may  have  her  aon  in >  custody 
until  he  is  of  aje  to  become  a  knight ;  and,  after  that  that  the  earn  son  may  hold ^the 
said  land  under  him  the  said  William.  He  paid  into  the  Exchequer  60*.  for  10  marks 
of  gold.    And  he  is  discharged.' •— p.  94.  .   .mnnt  H_ 

'  Hugh  Fiti  Ansger  renders  account  of  20  shillings  for  certain  false  tertimony.  He 
paid  it  into  the  Exchequer.    And  he  i.  discharged.'— p.  97. 

•  The  weavers  of  Winchester  render  account  of  one  mark  of  gold  fo' 'helr  &^d' 
Paid  mto  the  Exchequer  61.  for  one  mark  of  gold.   And  they  are  discharged.'-?.  37. 

If  for  any  reason  the  debt  was  permitted  to  stand  over  until  the  next  year,  the  entry 
was  merely  a  repetition  of  that  mad*  when  the  account  was  first  entered  amongst  the 


-  And  the  said  Richard  [Fit*  Gilbert]  owes  800  marks  of  silver  for  the  aid  which 
the  king  gave  him  against  the  Jews  with  respect  to  his  debt.'— p. 56. 
•  Odo  HU  Chetelbert  owes  two  hawks  and  two  girfalcons  for  his  father  s  land. 

P'«lRobert  Grcueaac  owes  20  marks  of  silver  for  a  grant  of  the  land  which  he  took 
with  hi/wife.'-*  123.   


•  The  words  are,  <  Et  quietus  erf  !•   He  is  acquitted ;  he  ha.  hi.  <  quietus.' 

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368  Thb  New  Record  Commission.— No.  III.  [Oct 

The  debt  was  thus  carried  on  from  year  to  year,  until  it  was  either  paid  or  became 
desperate.   Entries  of  the  following  kind  frequently  occur : — 

'  Robert  Pit*  Suein  renders  account  of  29*.  2d.  for  a  plea  of  treasure.  By  a  pardon 
to  the  same  Robert,  29*.  2d.  because  he  is  in  ill  health  and  has  nothing.  And  he  is 
discharged.' — p.  19. 

*  Robert  and  Alwold  de  Lectou  render  account  of  five  marks  of  silver  of  a  plea  of 
Geoffrey  de  Clinton.  By  a  pardon  to  the  same  five  marks  of  silver  on  account  of  their 
poverty.' — p.  47. 

*  Hubert,  the  clerk  of  William  Pita  Otho,  owed  two  marks  of  silver,  but  because  he 
is  dead  it  is  discharged.' — p.  145. 

In  these  instances  the  discharge  appears  to  have  proceeded  from  the  barons  of  the 
Exchequer,  but  occasions  frequently  occur,  in  which  the  pardon  proceeded  directly 
from  the  king ;  thus  : — 

4  Roger  Fits  Elyon,  shieldmaker,  renders  account  of  seven  marks  of  silver  on 
account  of  the  thief  whom  he  concealed.  By  a  pardon,  by  the  king's  writ  to  the  said 
Roger,  five  marks  of  silver  on  account  of  his  poverty.  And  he  owes  two  marks  of 
silver.'— p.  73. 

*  The  men  of  Erlcia  render  account  of  ten  marks  of  silver  for  essarts.**  By  a  pardon 
by  the  king's  writ  to  the  said  men,  ten  marks  of  silver  on  account  of  their  poverty. 
And  they  are  discharged.' — p.  74. 

4  And  the  said  sheriff  renders  account  of  25*.  of  the  aid  of  the  burgh  of  Tameword 
[Tam  worth].  By  a  pardon,  by  the  king's  writ,  to  the  burgesses  of  Tameword  25*. 
on  account  of  their  poverty.    And  he  is  discharged.' — p.  75. 

Accounts  were  often  discharged  by  the  king's  writ,  procured  through  the  interces- 
sion of  powerful  individuals,  thus  : — 

'  Robert  Adelelm  renders  account  of  one  palfrey  and  one  hawk  on  account  of  a  pica 
of  essart.  It  appears  by  the  king's  writ  that  he  has  delivered  to  the  king  one  palfrey. 
And  by  a  pardon  by  the  king's  writ  to  the  said  Robert  Adelelm,  one  hawk,  out  of 
affection  to  William  de  Albini,  of  Brittany.* — p.  59. 

4  Fulk  Fits  Theobald  renders  account  of  14/.  14*.  8rf.  for  a  plea  of  falsification. 
Paid  into  the  Exchequer  106*.  8/f.  And  by  a  pardon  by  the  king's  writ  to  the  said 
Fulk,  10  marks  of  silver,  out  of  affection  for  the  King  of  Scotland.  And  he  owes 
54*.  8rf.'— p.  61. 

'  Geoffrey  Mauduit  renders  account  of  7  marks  of  silver  for  a  relief  for  his  father's 
land.  Paid  into  the  Exchequer  5  marks  of  silver.  And  by  a  pardon  by  the  king's 
writ  to  the  same  Geoffrey,  2  marks  of  silver,  out  of  affection  to  the  Earl  de  Warrenne. 
And  he  is  discharged.' — p.  55. 

So  also  accounts  were  often  discharged  by  the  king's  writ,  without  any  reason  being 
stated  in  the  writ.  These  discharges  seem  to  have  been  of  two  kinds;  one  general, 
which  exempted  the  person  to  whom  it  was  granted  from  all  payments  of  danegcld, 
or  some  other  imposition ;  the  other  granted  upon  some  particular  occasion,  and 
intended  only  to  exempt  the  grantee  from  some  one  individual  payment.  Entries 
of  both  these  kinds  of  writs  are  very  numerous ;  they  are  all  in  this  form  : — 

1  By  a  pardon  by  the  king's  writ  to  the  King  of  Scotland,  108*.'— p.  115. 

Accounts  often  stood  over  for  several  years,  being  transferred  annually  from  Roll 
to  Roll,  and  sometimes  without  any  payment  being  made  on  account.  In  this  Roll 
there  are  some  accounts  of  five  years  standing,  and  probably  many  beyond  that  date, 
although  there  is  nothing  in  the  entry  to  show  the  fact.  The  following  entry  refers 
to  a  debt  at  any  event  four  years  old: — '  The  Bishop  of  Chichester  owes  44/.  15*. 
on  account  of  the  old  firm  of  the  Abbey  of  Glastonbury.' — p.  68.  Sigfrid,  Abbot  of 
Glastonbury,  became  Bishop  of  Chichester,  A.D.  1126.  3  Gale,  334. 
m  The  accountants  whose  names  appear  upon  these  Rolls,  are  either  private  persons 
or  public  officers.  The  various  occasions  upon  which  private  individuals  became 
liable  to  pay  fines  to  the  crown,  will  be  remarked  upon  hereafter,  at  present  we  shall 

•  4  Essarts'  were  encroachments  upon  forests. 


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1335.]  The  Pipe  Roll  of  3Ut  King  Henry  J.  359 

confine  our  attention  to  the  accounts  rendered  by  those  who  may  be  considered  as 
public  officers.  The  most  important  of  this  class  of  accountants  was  that  ancient 
officer  the  sheriff,  or  vicecomes.  The  accounts  rendered  by  sheriffs  occupy  consider- 
able space  in  the  volume  before  us,  and  throw  much  light  upon  the  duties  which 
anciently  belonged  to  their  office.  Their  appointments  were  derived  from  the  crown, 
to  whom  they  paid  large  fines  on  that  account,  thus : — 

4  The  same  Robert  owes  400  marks  of  silver  of  his  fine  for  having  the  county  [Ox- 
fordshire].'— p.  2. 

4  Baldwin  Fitz  Clare  owes  28J.  fi#.  Bd.  of  his  fine  for  the  county  [Berks.]'  p.  122. 
4  Fulchered  Fitz  Walter  owes  120  marks  of  silver  of  his  fine  for  the  shrievalty  of 
London/ — p.  144. 

All  these  are  amongst  the  old  accounts  and  are  balances  of  larger  fines.  The  sheriffs 
were  probably  appointed  for  one  year,  but  occasionally  purchased  a  longer  tenure  of 
office.    Thus: — 

4  Robert  de  Stanlega  owes  20  marks  of  silver  for  having  the  county  [Staffordshire] 
for  five  years.' — p.  73. 

4  Hugb  de  Warelville  renders  account  of  200  marks  of  silver  of  his  fine  to  have  the 
counties  [Northamptonshire  and  Leicestershire]  for  five  years.  Paid  into  the  Exche- 
quer 20  marks  of  silver.  And  by  a  pardon  to  the  same  Iiuirh  one  hundred  and  four 
score  marks  of  silver,  because  he  only  held  it  half  a  year.' — p.  85. 

'  Maenfinin  owes  10  marks  of  silver  for  his  fine,  for  having  the  counties  [Bucks 
and  Bedfordshire]  for  four  years.' — p.  100. 

Although  it  appears  from  these  entries  that  the  office  was  occasionally  granted  for  a 
term  of  years,  we  imagine  it  was  notwithstanding  dependent  upon  the  good  behaviour 
of  the  grantee-  Whether  the  instance  of  Hugh  de  Warelville  was  one  of  voluntary 
secession  or  of  discharge,  does  not  appear.  The  following  entry  shows  that  the  office 
could  not  be  given  up  without  the  king's  consent,  and  its  usual  accompaniment,  a  fine  : 

4  William  Lelutre  and  Geoffrey  Bucherelle,  and  Ralph  Fits  Herlewin  render  account 
of  sic  marks  of  gold,  that  they  may  be  discharged  from  the  shrievalty  of  London. 
Paid  into  the  Exchequer  3  [marks  of  gold]  and  they  owe  3  marks  of  gold.' — p.  149. 

'  William  de  Balio  owes  2  marks  of  gold  that  he  may  be  discharged  from  the  shriev- 
alty of  London.'— p.  149. 

In  the  account  for  Oxfordshire  is  a  curious  statement  of  the  amerciaments  to  which 

a  late  sheriff  was  subjected  in  consequence  of  misconduct  in  his  office.    We  have 

not  room  to  quote  the  entries,  but  they  intimate  that  Restoldus,  the  late  sheriff, 

accounted  for  several  large  sums  in  which  he  was  indebted,  on  account  of  certain 

deficiencies  in  various  enumerated  articles ;  also  for  waste  done  in  the  royal  forests  ; 

for  moneys  unjustly  taken  from  the  villeins  and  4  burgesses'  of  the  king's  demesne 

manors,  for  certain  lands  which  he  had  held  without  paying  any  firm  for  them,  and 

for  4  the  forfeitures  of  the  county.'    It  would  seem  that,  upon  a  change  of  sheriff,  a 

sort  of  survey  was  made  of  the  condition  of  the  lands  committed  to  him  to  farm,  and 

in  the  present  instance  Restoldus  was  charged  with  the  value  of  various  deficiencies 

upon  this  survey. 

One  sheriff  for  each  county  was  the  ancient  number,  but  there  are  upon  this  Roll 
many  instances  of  two  persons  exercising  the  office  jointly,  and  in  London  the  account 
was  rendered  by  *  the  four  sheriffs. '  This  number  in  London  was  of  recent  date  and 
of  short  continuance.  Fulchered  Fitz  Walter  accounted  alone  for  the  balance  of  the 
previous  year,  and  according  to  the  entry  we  have  before  quoted  above,  fined  for  the 
office.  The  four  sheriffs  fined,  it  will  be  remarked,  to  be  permitted  to  relinquish  their 
office,  and  in  this  year  also  4  the  men  of  London'  paid  the  king  100  marks  of  silver 
that  they  might  have  a  sheriff  of  their  own  electing  (p.  148). 

We  have  quoted  one  instance  of  a  sheriff  holding  two  counties,  and  the  Roll  affords 
several  others.  Osbert  Sylvanus  held  Nottinghamshire  and  Derbyshire  (p.  7)  j 
Warinus,  Dorsetshire  and  Wiltshire  (p.  12) ;  Bertram  de  Bulemer,  Yorkshire  and 
Northumberland  (p.  24) ;  William  dc  Pontearch,  Hampshire  and  Berkshire  (p.  36); 


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360  The  New  Record  Commission,— No.  III.  [Oct. 

MHo  of  Gloucester,  Staffordshire  and  Gloucestershire  (p.  72);  and  Geoffrey  de  Fur. 
nell,  Devonshire  and  Cornwall  (p.  159,  158).  But  the  most  singular  instance  of 
monopoly  of  office  which  the  Roll  exhibits,  is  that  of  Richard  Basset  and  Albcric  de 
Ver,  who  were  joint  sheriffs  and  fanners  of  no  less  than  eleven  counties  at  one  rime. 
The  former  of  these  gentlemen  was  Chief  Justicier  and  the  latter  High  Chamberlain  to 
Henry  I.  It  is  evident  that  the  emoluments  rather  than  the  duties  of  the  office  were 
considered  in  their  appointments,  which  may  be  regarded  as  marks  of  personal 
favour  from  the  king,  inasmuch  as  we  do  not  find  that  they  paid  any  fines  for  their 
numerous  offices. 

At  the  time  to  which  this  Roll  belongs,  all  the  counties  were  let  to  farm  to  the 
sheriffs,  at  a  certain  annual  rent  or  4  firm,'  the  account  for  which  and  its  arrears,  gene- 
rally stands  first  upon  the  Roll.  The  arrears  were  accounted  for  under  the  title  of 
'  vetus  firma,'  and  the  firm  of  the  year  of  the  account  under  that  of '  firma,'  or  more 
generally  '  nova  firma.'  Out  of  the  firm  the  sheriffs  were  permitted  to  deduct  all 
payments  made  by  them  on  account  of  the  king,  either  in  salaries  to  his  officers,  for 
repairs  of  his  houses,  goods  furnished  for  his  household,  or  the  support  of  state  pri- 
soners in  their  custody.  After  the  settlement  of  that  account,  the  sheriff  accounted 
in  like  manner  for  the  firm  of  all  lands  let  to  him  by  the  king,  and  this,  it  may  be 
remarked,  was  the  usual  mode  of  disposing  of  lands  forfeited  to  the  crown,  until  they 
were  either  restored  to  their  former  owners  or  granted  out  to  other  persons.  Cities 
and  burghs  were  also  occasionally  committed  to  the  sheriff,  but  there  are  not  many 
instances  upon  this  Roll.  The  practice  of  committing  the  burghs  to  the  townsmen  to 
firm,  had  then  commenced,  and  we  find  the  burgesses  of  Lincoln  paying  a  large  fine 
that  they  might  hold  of  the  king  in  capite  (p.  114).  Canterbury  and  Dover  at  e  men- 
tioned as  let  to  the  sheriff  in  firm  (p.  63) ;  and  Malmesbury  as  held  by  its  burgesses- 
The  firm  of  the  latter  was  paid  by  Hugo,  the  bailiff  (p.  16). 

The  sheriff  was  also  the  collector  for  the  crown  for  all  fines  assessed  upon  hundreds 
for  murders,  and  accounted  for  them  in  two  forms.  In  the  first  part  of  his  account  he 
accounted  for  fines  and  balances  which  had  been  either  entered  as  debts,  or  partly  paid 
at  the  time  of  his  last  accounting ;  and  amongst  the  '  nova  placita,'  he  accounts  in  like 
manner  for  the  fines  for  murders  assessed  during  the  past  year.  We  shall  have  occa- 
sion hereafter  to  remark  upon  the  light  which  this  portion  of  the  account  throws  upon 
the  state  of  crime  in  England. 

The  sheriff  also  accounted,  amongst  the  nova  placita,  for  danegeld,  which  was  still 
maintained  as  an  annual  impost,  and  produced  a  considerable  sum  from  every  county. 
He  was  also  the  collector  of  the  4  aids '  levied  upon  the  cities  and  burghs  within  his  juris- 
diction, with,  as  far  as  we  have  noticed,  only  one  exception,  which  is  York.  That 
city  was  accounted  for  by  Turgis,  who  is  termed 4  the  collector  for  York.' — (p.  31 , 34.) 

The  sheriff  was  not  the  only  person  who  held  lands  in  firm.  Grants  were  occa- 
sionally made  to  other  persons,  who  all  consequently  became  public  accountants,  and 
appear  in  that  character  upon  the  Pipe  Rolls.  Burghs  also  were  committed  in  firm 
to  private  persons,  of  which  there  are  the  instances  of  Northampton  (p.  135) ;  and 
4  the  city*  of  Colchester  (p.  138).  Manors,  which  formed  part  of  the  royal  demesnes, 
were  sometimes  granted  in  firm  to  the  4  king's  men,'  that  is,  *  his  tenants,'  within  the 
manor  (p.  6).  The  royal  forests  were  not  granted  in  firm,  but  a  census  was  collected 
from  them,  which  is  accounted  for  in  these  Rolls  ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that 
from  the  census  of  the  forests  there  was  always  deducted  one-tenth  under  the  head  of 
4  customary  tithes,'  an  allowance  which  does  not  appear  to  have  prevailed  in  any  other 
account. 

We  must  reserve  our  notice  of  the  accounts  rendered  by  private  persons,  and  also 
the  extracts  we  had  selected  in  order  to  exhibit  the  manner  in  which  the  Pipe  Rolls 
are  calculated  to  illustrate  the  general  state  of  society,  until  our  next  paper. 


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JS35.] 


361 


ON  shakbpeare's  sonnets,  their  poetical  merits,  and  on  the  question 

TO  WHOM  THEY  ARE  ADDRESSED,  BY  D.  L.  RICHARDSON. 

{Concluded  from  p.  256.) 


IT  has  been  erroneously  asserted  by 
many  writers  on  Shakspeare,  that  he 
was  not  conscious  of  his  mighty  facul- 
ties, and  had  no  anticipation  of  his 
future  fame.  The  following  extract  we 
think  may  settle  this  question  : 

u  Nor  shall  Death  brag  thou  wanderest  in  his 
shade, 

When  in  eternal  line  to  time  thou  growest : 
So  lonr  as  men  can  breathe,  or  eyes  can  see, 
So  hm£  lives  this,  and  this  gives  life  to  thee." 

The  following  magnificent  sonnet, 
which  also  bears  unanswerably  on  this 
point,  we  shall  give  entire.  The  dig- 
nity of  the  thoughts,  the  vigorous  and 
appropriate  expression,  and  the  ma- 
jestic force,  freedom,  and  harmony  of 
the  verse,  are  beyond  all  praise. 

"  Not  marble  nor  the  gilded  monuments 
Of  princes,  shall  outlive  this  powerful  rhyme ; 
But  you  shall  shine  more  bright  in  these  con- 
tents, [time. 
Than  unswent  stone  besmeared  with  sluttish 
When  wasteful  wars  shall  statues  overturn, 
And  broils  root  out  the  works  of  masonry, 
Xor  Man's  sword,  nor  war's  quick  fire  shall 
burn 

The  living  record  of  your  memory. 

"  Gainst  Death  and  all  oblivious  enmity 
Shall  you  pace  forth ;  your  praise  shall  still  find 
room, 

Even  in  the  eyes  of  all  posterity, 
That  wear  this  world  out  to  the  ending  doom. 
So  till  the  judgment  that  yourself  arise, 
Yon  live  in  this,  and  dwell  in  lovers'  eyes." 

Some  of  the  Sonnets,  however,  that 
appear  to  have  been  written  in  his 
youth,  and  before  he  had  gained  his 
reputation,  are  as  full  of  graceful  hu- 
mility and  a  reverent  regard  for  others, 
whis  later  productions  are  of  a  just 
and  noble  confidence  in  his  own  pre- 
tensions. 

"  If  thou  survive  my  well-contented  day, 
When  that  churl  Death  my  bones  with  dust 

shall  cover, 
And  shalt  by  fortune  once  more  re-survey 
Tn^c  poor  rude  lines  of  thy  deceased  lover, 
Compare  them  with  the  bettering  of  the  time; 
And  though  they  be  outstripped  by  every  pen, 
Reserve  them  for  my  love,  not  for  their  rhyme, 
Ejceeded  by  the  height  of  happier  men." 

''Oh !  how  I  faint  when  I  of  you  do  write, 
Knowing  a  better  spirit  doth  use  your  name." 

This  "  better  spirit"  is  supposed  by 
some  to  be  Spenser ;  but  though  Spen- 
wr  is  a\so  alluded  to  by  name  in  the 
Passionate  Pilgrim,  and  with  great 
praise,  "  the  better  spirit"  is  thought 
oy  other  critics,  and  with  some  reason, 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


to  be  Daniel,  who  had  then  a  great 
reputation. 

Leigh  Hunt  thinks  that  we  may 
gather  from  the  Sonnets  that  Shak- 
speare was  lame.  I  suppose  he  alludes 
to  the  following  passage,  but  it  is  per- 
haps doubtful  whether  it  should  be  in- 
terpreted literally  or  not: 

"  As  a  decrepit  father  takes  delight 

To  see  his  active  child  do  deeds  of  youth, 

So  I,  made  lame  by  Fortune**  dearest  spite. 

Take  all  my  comfort  of  thy  worth  and  truth; 

For  whether  beauty,  birth,  or  wealth,  or  wit, 

Or  any  of  these  all,  or  all,  or  more, 

Entitled  in  thy  parts  do  crowned  sit, 

I  make  my  love  enirrafted  to  this  store; 

So  then  I  am  not  lame,  poor,  nor  despised." 

There  is  a  line  in  another  sonnet,  of 
a  similar  description  to  the  one  above 
marked  in  italics. 

"  Say  that  thou  didst  forsake  me  for  some  fault, 
And  I  will  comment  upon  that  offence ; 
Speak  of  my  lameness,  and  I  straight  will  halt, 
Against  thy  reasons  making  no  defence." 

The  fortieth  Sonnet  shows  that  he 
was  accustomed  to  travel  on  horseback, 
and  that,  when  vexed  by  his  steed's 
dulness,  notwithstanding  his  own 
sweetness  and  gentleness  of  nature,  he 
could  not  help  "  provoking  him  on" 
with  "  the  bloody  spur," 
"  That  sometimes  anger  thrust  into  his  side." 

These  Sonnets  also  prove  that  he 
was  a  warm  friend  and  a  passionate 
lover.  Indeed,  considering  that  he  was 
a  married  man  and  a  father,  it  must 
be  confessed  that  his  extravagant  love 
for  a  notoriously  low  and  licentious 
woman  (Campbell  calls  her  a  married 
woman,  though  I  recollect  no  passage 
in  the  Sonnets  that  exactly  justifies 
him  in  so  describing  her,)  certainly 
throws  a  shade  upon  his  moral  cha- 
racter ;  his  thinking  it  necessary  to 
publish  and  immortalize  the  matter, 
makes  it  a  thousand  times  worse. 

Shakspeare  married  at  eighteen  :  his 
wife  was  eight  years  older.  It  is  sup- 
posed that  she  did  not  contribute  to 
his  domestic  happiness.  One  of  his 
biographers  imagines  that  he  was  jea- 
lous, but  this  is  scarcely  probable,  I 
think,  considering  that  he  did  not  take 
her  with  him  to  London,  but  lived  at 
a  distance  from  her  for  many  years. 
3  A 


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3(i2 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


[Oce- 


It  is  certain  that  he  neglected  her  in 
his  will,  in  which  her  name  was  at 
first  wholly  omitted,  and  subsequently 
inserted  with  the  bequest  of  "  his  se- 
cond best  bed."  That  he  was  unfaith- 
ful to  her,  is,  1  fear,  pretty  clearly 
proved  by  some  of  these  "  Confessional 
Sonnets,"  which  seem  to  correspond 
in  their  character  with  a  scandalous 
anecdote  lately  discovered  by  Mr. 
Payne  Collier. 

Burbidge,  the  actor,  while  playing 
Richard  the  Third,  struck  the  fancy  of 
a  fair  citizen,  who  appointed  him  to 
call  upon  her  under  the  name  of  Ri- 
chard the  Third.  Shakspcare  over- 
heard the  assignation,  and  forestalled 
poor  Burbidge.  When  the  latter  ar- 
rived and  sent  in  his  name,  Shakspeare 
sent  word  back  that  William  the  Con- 
queror was  before  Richard  the  Third. 
Such  gossiping  and  doubtful  anecdotes 
as  these,  are  perhaps  scarcely  worth 
repeating ;  but  such  is  our  eager  inte- 
rest in  the  slightest  details  connected 
with  Shakspeare,  that  one  cannot  help 
treating  them  with  more  consideration 
than  they  really  merit. 

Various  other  glimpses  into  the  poet's 
feelings  and  circumstances  are  scat- 
tered over  the  Sonnets,  that  I  should 
like  well  enough  to  bring  to  the  notice 
of  my  readers,  but  I  have  not  room  at 
present  to  pursue  this  portion  of  our 
subject  any  further. 

I  now  come  to  the  consideration  of 
the  question  of,  to  whom  are  these 
Sonnets  addressed  ?  a  mystery  which 
has  puzzled  the  critics  as  much  as  that 
of  the  authorship  of  Junius.  Dr. 
Drake,  though  he  afterwards  urges, 
with  considerable  confidence,  an  hypo- 
thesis of  his  own,  observes  that,  "  an 
almost  impenetrable  darkness  rests  on 
the  question,  and  no  effort  has  hitherto, 
in  the  smallest  degree,  tended  to  dis- 
perse the  gloom."  Hazlitt  acknow- 
ledges, in  his  occasionally  familiar  way, 
that  of  the  "  ultimate  drift"  of  the 
Sonnets  he  can  make  neither  head  nor 
tail.  Thomas  Campbell  is  also  puz- 
zled, and  remarks,  "  that  it  seems  al- 
most impossible  to  make  out  to  whom 
they  are  addressed.  Even  the  Schle- 
gels  have  not  attended,  I  believe,  to 
this  point,  though  so  indignant  at  the 
contemptuous  neglect  with  which  the 
Sonnets  have  been  treated  by  the  poet's 
various  biographers.  The  question 
might  seem  of  less  importance,  if  it 


were  not  for  the  very  character  of  se- 
veral of  these  little  poems,  which  from 
the  want  of  some  positive  information 
in  this  respect  are  perfectly  riddles. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  smaller  col- 
lection of  Sonnets  and  other  short  lyri- 
cal pisces,  which  first  appeared  in  1 5*99, 
was  published  by  an  ignorant  and  un- 
principled bookseller  of  the  name  of 
Jaggard, without  the  author's  sanction. 
In  a  published  letter  of  Thomas  Hey- 
wood's,  to  his  own  bookseller,  Mr. 
Nicholas  Okes,  he  alludes  to  this  sur- 
reptitious publication,  and  observes, 
"  the  author,  I  know,  is  much  offended 
with  Mr.  Jaggard,  that  (altogether  un- 
known to  him)  presumes  to  make  so 
bold  with  his  name." 

Now,  though  we  have  no  direct  evi- 
dence that  the  larger  collection  of  Son- 
nets, respecting  the  object  of  which 
there  has  been  so  much  conjectural 
criticism,  was  also  published  in  defi- 
ance or  without  the  knowledge  of  the 
author,  1  cannot  help  thinking  there  is 
every  reason  for  supposing  this  to  have 
been  the  case,  when  we  consider  the 
imperfect  and  unsatisfactory  manner 
in  which  the  work  has  been  edited. 
The  poems  of  Venus  and  Adonis  ("  the 
first  heir  of  his  invention"),  published 
in  1593,  and  the  Rape  of  Lucrece,  pub- 
lished in  1594,  were  evidently  super- 
intended by  the  author,  who  dedicated 
both  of  them  to  his  celebrated  patron, 
the  Earl  of  Southampton  ;  but  it  is 
difficult  to  imagine  that  Shakspeare 
himself  had  anything  to  do  with  the 
first  edition  of  the  larger  collection  of 
Sonnets,  which  are  dedicated  with  sin- 
gular inelegance  and  ambiguity  by  the 
publisher  to  no  one  knows  whom.  It 
is  strange  that  no  critic  (at  least  none 
with  whom  I   am  acquainted)  has 
looked  upon  the  publication  in  this 
point  of  view  ;  for  though  this  hypo- 
thesis does  not  enable  us  to  reconcile 
or  explain  the  many  contradictions 
and  mysteries  with  which  the  collec- 
tion abounds  as  it  now  stands,  yet  it 
is  reasonable  in  itself,  and  suggests 
the  justice  and  propriety  of  our  attri- 
buting much  that  is  confused  or  objec- 
tionable in  the  selection  and  arrange- 
ment of  the  contents  to  a  want  of 
judgment  in  the  publisher.    The  dedi- 
cation, to  which  we  have  already  al- 
luded, is  printed  as  follows,  in  the  first 
edition : 


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On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


363 


44  To  •  The  •  Only  •  begetter  •  of- 
These  •  ensuing  •  Sonnets  • 
Mr.  W.  H.  All  •  Happinesse  • 
And  •  that  •  eternitie  • 
Promised  • 
By 

Our  •  ever-living  •  poet  • 
Wisheth  • 
The  •  Well-wishing  • 
Adventurer  •  in 
Setting  • 
Forth. 

T.  T." 

The  commentators  have  taxed  their 
utmost  ingenuity  to  discover  who  this 
W.  H.  can  be.    Dr.  Farmer  supposes 
that  the  Sonnets  are  addressed  to  Wil- 
liam Harte,  the  poet's  nephew;  but 
this  has  since  been  discovered  to  be 
impossible,  as  he  was  not  born  before 
the  year  1600,  and  the  Sonnets  were 
published  in  16*09,  and  some  of  them 
are  known  to  have  been  written  and 
circulated  amongst  the  author's  private 
friends  eleven  years  before.  Mercs 
praises  these  "  sugred  Sonnets "  in 
his  "  Wit's  Treasury,"  published  in 
1598.    The  first  seventeen  were  writ- 
ten to  persuade  the  object  of  them  to 
marry,  and  it  is  absurd  to  suppose  they 
were  addressed  to  a  little  child,  as 
Harte  must  then  have  been.  Besides 
which,  he  was  of  humble  birth  and 
pretensions,  whereas  there  are  innu- 
merable passages  in  the  Sonnets  that 
plainly  allude  to  a  patron  and  friend 
of  distinguished  rank  and  influence. 
Mr.  Tyrwhitt  once  pointed  out  to  Mr. 
Malone  a  line  in  the  20th  sonnet, 
which  induced  the  latter  to  believe 
that  W.  H.  stands  for  William  Hughes. 
a  A  man  in  hew,  all  hews  in  his  controlling." 
The  name  of  Hughes  was  formerly 
written  Hews.    To  this  person  Mr. 
Malone  says,  that  it  is  probable  the 
first  126  sonnets  are  addressed,  and 
tiie  remaining  28  to  a  lady.    The  play 
upon  the  author's  own  Christian  name, 
in  the  135th  and  143d  sonnets,  seems 
in  accordance  with  this  notion  : — 

*«  Let  no  unkind,  no  fair  beseeches  kill. 
Think  all  but  one,  and  me  in  that  one  Wtll.'* 

"  So  will  I  pray  that  thou  may'st  have  thy 
Will." 

It  may  be  observed  by  the  way,  that 
these  truly  contemptible  puns  and 
equivoques,  in  a  species  of  composi- 
tion that  was  not  addressed  to  a  fixed 
circle,  like  the  author's  dramas,  of 
which  the  occasional  bad  taste  has 


hitherto  been  thought  an  unwilling 
sacrifice  to  the  **  groundlings,"  seem 
to  prove  an  early  and  innate  propen- 
sity to  sins  of  this  description.  But 
no  poet  is  perfect.  The  20th  sonnet, 
in  which  the  word  Hews  occurs,  is  the 
most  puzzling  and  inexplicable  of  the 
whole  series.  I  would  extract  it  en- 
tire, if  it  did  not  appear  objectionable 
on  the  score  of  decency.  If  I  under- 
stand it  rightly,  of  which  I  am  very 
far  from  being  certain,  it  is  in  every 
respect  a  disgrace  to  the  name  of 
Shakspeare.  (And  yet  how  can  we 
know  that  it  is  really  his  ?) 

The  Reverend  Mr.  Dyce,  the  editor 
of  a  new  edition  of  these  poems,  praises 
M r.Tyrwhitt's  "  ingenuity"  in  the  con- 
jectures concerning  Mr.  Hughes,  but 
without  much  cause.  It  is  not  certain 
that  Shakspeare  in  this  case  intends  to 
commit  a  pun  on  a  name,  because  the 
word  hew,  in  Shakspeare's  time,  as 
Dr.  Drake  observes,  meant  mien  and 
appearance,  as  well  as  tint.  And  it  is 
possible  that  the  poet  is  playing  on  the 
different  meanings.  Who  is  W. 
Hughes  ?  "  A  Mr.  Hughes,"  as  Mr. 
Dyce  calls  him  ;  he  seems  created  for 
the  occasion.  He  is  a  name  and  no- 
thing else.  Is  it  likely  that  such  a 
person,  of  whom  no  one  has  heard, 
was  the  great  patrician  patron  of  our 
immortal  Bard  ?  And  is  it  possible 
that  he  should  have  been  addressed  by 
Shakspeare  in  such  lines  as  the  fol- 
lowing? 

"  Thou,  that  art  now  the  world's  fresh  orna- 
ment, 

And  only  herald  to  the  gaudy  spring." 
"  Against  that  time,  if  ever  that  time  come, 
When  I  shall  see  thee  frown  on  my  defects, 
When  as  thy  love  hath  cast  his  utmost  sum, 
Called  to  that  audit  hy  advised  respects ; 
Against  that  time,  when  thou  shalt  strangely 

And'scarcely  greet  me  with  that  sun,  thine  eye; 
When  love  converted  from  the  thing  it  was, 
Shall  reasons  find  of  settled  gravity." 

The  following  passages  evidently 
allude  to  one  "  who  was  the  observed 
of  all  observers,"  the  object  of  more 
than  one  complimentary  muse,  and 
the  patron  of  the  learned. 

«  So  oft  have  I  invoked  thee  for  my  mose. 
And  found  such  fair  assistance  in  my  verse, 
As  everv  alien  pen  hath  got  hy  use, 
And  under  thee  their  poetry  disperse. 
Thine  eyes,  that  taught  the  dumb  on  bign  to 
sing. 

And  heavy  ignorance  aloft  to  fly,   

Have  added  feathers  to  the  learned'*  wing, 

And  given  grace  a  double  majesty . 

44  And  having  thee,  of  all  men's  pride  I  boast." 


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On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare, 


[Oct. 


** 


It  is,  1  think,  pretty  clear  that 
Mr.  Hughes"  is  not  the  person  who 
was  "  all  men's  pride/'  and  who  gave 
"  grace  a  double  majesty."  But  if 
Tyrwhitt  and  Malone  fell  into  the 
error  of  giving  Shakspeare  a  patron 
and  a  subject  somewhat  too  humble 
and  obscure,  Mr.  George  Chalmers  has 
made  a  very  opposite  mistake,  and  in 
his  anxiety  to  find  a  sufficiently  digni- 
fied object  for  the  Poet's  praise  and 
gratitude,  has  fixed  upon  royalty  it- 
self. He  insists  upon  it  that  the  whole 
series  of  Sonnets  (154)  is  addressed  to 
Queen  Elizabeth.  To  those  who  are 
familiar  with  the  Sonnets,  and  the 
palpable  indications  that  many  of  them 
are  addressed  to  a  male  object,  this 
opinion  seems  too  ridiculous  to  be  re- 
ceived with  any  other  answer  than  a 
laugh.  1  have  gone  through  the  Son- 
nets several  times  with  great  atten- 
tion, to  satisfy  myself  as  to  the  sex  of 
the  object  or  objects  of  them,  and  the 
following  are  some  of  the  many  pas- 
sages glaringly  opposed  to  the  notion 
of  Mr.  Chalmers : — 

M  Look  in  thy  glass,  and  tell  the  face  thou 

viewest, 

Now  is  the  time  that  face  should  form  another ; 
Whose  fresh  repair  if  now  thou  not  re  new  est, 
Thou  dost  hesuile  the  world,  unbk-ss  some 
mother."  Son.  3. 

"  Is  it  for  fear  to  wet  a  widow's  eye 
That  thou  consum'st  thyself  in  single  life? 

Son.  9. 

 "  Dear  my  love,  you  know. 

You  had  a  father ;  let  your  son  say  so.'* 

Son.  IS. 

M  Now  stand  you  on  the  top  of  happy  hours ; 
And  many  maiden  gardens  yet  unset, 
With  virtuous  wish  woula  bear  you  living 
flowers."  Son.  16. 

"  O  cane  not  with  thine  hours  my  love's  fair 
brow, 

And  draw  no  lines  there  with  thy  antique  pen ; 
Him  in  thy  course  untainted  do  allow, 
For  beauty's  pattern  to  succeeding  men." 

Son.  19. 

"  Lord  of  my  love,  to  whom  in  vassalage." 

Son.  26. 

"  The  region  cloud  hath  masked  him  from  me 
now; 

Yet  him  for  this  my  love  no  whit  disdaineth." 

Son.  S3. 

"  Gentle  thou  art,  and  therefore  to  be  won : 
Heauteoua  thou  art,  therefore  to  be  assailed  ; 
And  when  a  woman  wooes,  that  woman's  son 
Will  sourly  leave  her  till  she  have  prevailed? 

Ah  me !  but  yet  thou  might 'st,  my  sweet,  for- 
bear. 

And  chide  thy  beauty  and  thy  straying  youth, 
Who  lead  thee  in  their  riot  even  there 


"  Beauteous  and  lovely  youth. 
When  that  shall  fade,  my  verse  distils  your 
truth."  Son.  54. 

"  His  beauty  shall  in  these  black  lines  be 
seen."  Son.  63. 

"Ah!  wherefore  with  imperfection  should  he 
live. 

And  with  his  presence  grace  impiety, 

That  sin  by  him  advantage  should  atchieve, 

And  lace  itself  with  his  society?"    Son.  67. 


Tims  is  his  cheek  the  map  of  days  outworn. 


»» 


Nothing, 


boy,"  &e. 


Son. 41. 


"  O  thou,  my  lovely  boy,  who  in  thy  power." 

Son.  126. 

Queen  Elizabeth  must  have  been  an 
old  woman  (about  64)  when  she  was 
thus  addressed  by  Shakspeare,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  George  Chalmers,  as  his 
"  sweet  boy."    The  W.  H.  of  the  de- 
dication, and  the  perpetual  allusions 
to  a  male  object,  are  no  obstacles  to 
our  critic,  who  does  not  even  hesitate 
to  unsex  the  queen  for  the  sake  of  his 
ingenious  speculation.    He  supposes 
that  the  masculine  phrases  were  ad- 
dressed to  her  in  her  character  of  a 
sovereign  ?    Some  of  the  Sonnets  that 
have  a  female  object,  are  every  thing 
but  complimentary;  and  if  they  be 
really  addressed  to  Elizabeth,  either 
prove  her  majesty  to  have  been  a  base 
and  licentious  woman,   or  William 
Shakspeare  to  have  been  guilty  of  a 
gross  and  malicious  libel  on  a  "  virgin 
queen." 

"  In  nothing  art  thou  black,  save  in  thy 

"  For  1  have  sworn  thee  fair,  and  thought  tfl 
bright, 

Who  art  as  black  as  hell,  as  dark  as  night." 
M  O,  though  I  love  what  others  do  abhor." 

He  calls  her  also,  in  different  son- 
nets, "  his  false  plauge,"  his  "  fetnal 
evil,"  his  "  coloured  ill,"  and  accuses 
her  of  "  seducing  his  friend."  Absurd 
as  is  the  conjecture  of  Mr.  George 
Chalmers,  there  has  been  no  want  of 
mad  or  careless  critics  to  keep  him  in 
countenance.  The  early  editors,  Gil- 
don  and  Sewell,  both  maintained  that 
the  whole  collection  is  addressed  to  a 
female  ? 

Some  of  the  commentators  have  been 
puzzled  by  the  amatory  character  of 
the  expressions  unequivocally  applied 
in  many  instances  to  a  male  object. 
But  it  should  be  remembered,  that  in 
the  age  of  Shakspeare  there  was  very 
little  distinction  between  the  ordinary 
expressions  of  love  and  friendship. 
The  latter  frequently  borrowed  the 
strongest  language  of  the  former. 


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On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


305 


Warton  observes,  that  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  there  were  published 
entire  Bets  of  sonnets,  devoted  to  the 
record  of  a  species  of  tender  attach- 
ment between  male  friends,  which, 
though  wholly  free  from  any  direct 
impurity  of  expression,  or  open  immo- 
desty of  sentiment,  would  not  be  tole- 
rated in  these  days.    He  alludes,  as 
an  instance,  to  the  "Affectionate  Shep- 
herde,"  of  Richard  Barnfielde,  printed 
in  1595.  in  a  series  of  twenty  "  not 
inelegant"  sonnets,  which  were  ex- 
ceedingly popular.    The  poet  bewails 
his  unsuccessful  love  for  a  beautiful 
youth,  in  "  a  strain  of  the  most  tender 
passion,  yet  with  professions  of  the 
chastest  affection."   The  meaning  at- 
tached to  the  ardent  phrases  that  are 
now  confined  to  the  intercourse  of 
sexual  passion,  is  not  to  be  given  by 
the  modern  reader  to  the  same  expres- 
sions in  some  of  our  elder  writers.  It 
will  be  generally  admitted,  however, 
that  the  revolution  in  our  language  in 
this  respect  is  a  very  pleasant  and 
proper  one  ;  and  it  cannot  be  denied, 
that  in  too  much  of  the  poetry  of  the 
15th  and  16th  centuries,  the  effect  of 
great  originality,  force,  and  beauty  of 
the  imagery  and  thought,  is  often  in- 
jured by  the  disagreeable  feeling,  bor- 
dering on  disgust,  with  which  we  en- 
counter expressions  that,  however  cus- 
tomary and^ecorous  in  the  olden  time, 
have  ap»ruTred  an  air  of  indelicacy,  in 
con$*ffuence  of  the  great  change  that 
Jitfs  since  occurred  in  their  meaning 
*and  their  mode  of  application. 

Dr.  Drake  has  entered  into  a  very 
elaborate  and  certainly  a  very  ingeni- 
ous and  plausible  disquisition,  to  prove 
that  the  first  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
six  of  the  sonnets  are  addressed  to 
Lord  Southampton.  I  think,  however, 
that  I  have  discovered  various  reason- 
able objections  to  this  hypothesis. 
The  first  seventeen  sonnets,  which  so 
strongly  urge  the  Poet's  friend  to  marry, 
could  scarcely  have  been  addressed  to 
Lord  Southampton,  because  that  noble- 
man, then  not  quite  22  years  of  age, 
assiduously  courted  Mrs.  Vernon  in 
1595  (about  14  years  before  the  Son- 
nets were  published,  and  three  years 
before  they  were  alluded  to  by  Meres* 


*  It  is  possible  that  Meres  may  have 
alluded  to  the  Sonnets  in  the  Passionate 
Rl&rim,  published  in  15<)9.    Leigh  Hunt 


as  being  in  private  circulation  amongst 
the  poet's  friends),  and  he  married  her 
(his  marriage  having  been  delayed  by 
the  interference  of  Queen  Elizabeth)  in 
1599.  In  the  next  place,  almost  the 
only  praise  bestowed  on  these  Sonnets, 
is  that  of  extraordinary  beauty,  and  I 
do  not  recollect  that  Lord  Southamp- 
ton has  been  celebrated  for  the  won- 
derful perfection  of  his  face  or  person, 
though,  if  his  portrait  in  Malone's 
Shakspeare  be  authentic,  he  was  by 
no  means  uncomely.f  His  wit  and 
learning  were,  however,  indisputable, 
and  were  warmly  eulogized  by  Chap- 
man, Brathwaite,  Nash,  and  other 
contemporary  writers ;  but  throughout 
the  126  Sonnets,  supposed  to  be  dedi- 
cated to  his  merits,  it  is  remarkable 
that  there  are  buUwo  allusions  to  any 
mental  qualities. 

The  first  of  the  following  quotations 
almost  implies  a  want  of  mind,  or  at 
all  events  that  the  world  gave  the  ob- 
ject of  the  sonnet  no  credit  for  mental 
endowments,  though  his  personal 
beauty  was  generally  admitted  : 

"  Those  parts  of  tbee  that  the  world's  eve  doth 
view,  [mend ; 

Want  nothing;  that  the  thong hts  of  hearts  can 
All  tongues  (the  voice  of  souls)  give  thee  that 
due, 

Uttering  bare  truth,  even  so  as  foes  commend, 
Thy  outward  thus  with  outward  praise  is 

crowned;  [own, 
But  those  same  tongues  that  give  thee  so  thine 
In  other  accents  do  this  praise  confound, 
By  seeing  farther  than  the  eve  hath  shown. 
They  look  into  the  beauty  or  thy  mind, 
And  that,  in  guess,  they  measure  by  thy  deeds; 
Then  (churls)  their  thoughts,  although  their 

eyes  were  kind, 
To  thy  fair  flower  add  the  rank  smell  of  weeds ; 
But  why  thy  odour  matcheth  not  thy  show, 
To  solve  is  this.-that  thou  dost  common 

grow."  Son.  69. 

The  next  passage,  however,  is  an 
acknowledgment,  though  on  the  part 
of  the  poet  only,  of  his  possessing 
mental  excellence. 

"  Thou  art  as  fair  in  knowledge  as  in  hue." 

Son.  82. 

But  even  this  compliment  may  have 
been  extorted  from  the  writer  by  the 
reproaches  of  his  friend,  who  it  ap- 
pears was  inordinately  fond  of  praise, 

has  fallen  into  a  sad  mistake,  in  supposing 
that  the  154  sonnets  were  not  published 
till  after  the  poet's  death. 

f  His  features  were  at  all  events  mas- 
culine, but  in  the  20th  Sonnet  the  poet 

"  A  woman's  face,  with  Nature's  own  hand 
HasUhoMhc  master-mistress  of  my  passion." 


Digitized 


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On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


[Oct. 


and  no  doubt  felt  somewhat  piqued  at 
the  absence  of  all  allusion  to  the  qua- 
lities of  his  mind. 

"  I  never  saw  that  you  did  painting  need, 
And  therefore  to  your  fair  no  painting;  net. 
I  found,  or  thought  1  found,  you  did  exceed 
The  barren  tender  of  a  poet's  debt ; 
And  therefore  have  I  slept  in  your  report. 
This  silence  for  my  sin  you  did  impute." 

Json.  83. 

**  You  to  your  beauteous  blessings  add  a  curse, 
being  fond  on  praise."  Son.  84. 

u  Farewell  thou  art  too  dear  lor  my  possessing, 
And  like  enough  thou  know'st  thy  estimate." 

Son.  87. 

This  last  line  seems  to  be  a  strange 
mode  of  address  to  a  respected  noble- 
roan,  and  the  poet's  patron.  If  the 
object  of  the  Sonnets  was  intellectually 
gifted,  and  it  was  thought  desirable  to 
please  and  compliment  him,  it  would 
seem  that  mental  endowments  must 
have  been  of  very  minor  importance  in 
the  poet's  estimation,  and  beauty  every 
thing,  even  in  a  man.  As  we  observed 
before,  in  only  two  places  in  126  son- 
nets, or  1764  lines,  supposed  to  be  de- 
voted to  eulogiums  on  a  single  male 
character,  is  there  any  allusion  to  his 
mind,  while  almost  every  line  conveys 
some  corapl  iment  to  his  exterior  charms. 
Had  he  been  distinguished  for  any 
other  qualification  than  his  pretty  looks, 
we  think  Shakspeare  was  not  the  man 
to  have  done  injustice  to  his  merit. 
Even  his  moral  character  appears  as 
doubtful  as  his  intellectual.  In  Son- 
net 33  he  says,  that  as  "  full  many  a 
glorious  morning"  has  permitted 

"  The  bn>est  clouds  to  ride 
With  uj^ly  rack  on  bis  celeMial  face, 
And  from  the  forlorn  world  Ins  visage  hide, 
gte.diug  uuseen  to  west  with  his  di-gracc  : 
E'en  so  my  miu  one  early  morn  did  shine, 
With  all  triumphant  splendour  on  his  brow; 
But  out !  alnrk !  he  was  but  one  hour  mine, 
The  region  cloud  hath  mask'd  him  from  me 
now. 

Yet  him  for  this  my  love  no  whit  disdaineth  ; 
Suns  of  the  world  may  stain,  when  heaven's 
sun  staiueth." 

This  surely  implies  something  infa- 
mous in  hi's  conduct.  But  the  subject 
is  continued  in  the  ensuing  lines  : 

"  Tis  not  enough  that  through  the  cloud  thou 
break, 

To  dry  the  rain  on  my  storm-beaten  face. 
For  no  man  well  of  such  a  salve  can  speak, 
That  heals  the  wound,  and  cures  not  the  dis- 
grace ; 

Nor  can  thy  shame  give  pliysick  to  my  grief." 

Son.  34. 

In  Sonnet  35,  the  Poet  exhorts  him 
to  be  no  longer  grieved  at  what  he  has 
done,  for 

"  Roses  have  thorns,  and  silver  fountains 
mud." 


But  in  Sonnet  95  he  again  alludes  to 

his  faults,  and  exclaims — 

"  O !  what  a  mansion  have  those  vires  grot, 
Which  for  their  habitation  chose  out  the?  ! 
Where  beauty's  veil  doth  cover  every  blot, 
And  all  things  turn  to  fair,  that  eyes  can  see!" 


Is  this  the  style  in  which 
would  have  addressed  his  distinguished 
patron  ? 

It  affords  another  very  strong  pre- 
sumption against  the  notion  that  Lord 
Southampton  was  the  object  of  so 
many  of  these  sonnets  by  the  greatest 
of  our  English  poets,  that  his  remark- 
able personal  bravery,  his  gallant  ac- 
tion at  sea,  in  which  he  sunk  a  Spanish 
frigate,  and  was  wounded  in  the  arm, 
his  many  and  strange  duels,  the  per- 
sonal and  public  assault  on  him  by 
Lord  Grey,  his  imprisonment  in  the 
Tower  by  Elizabeth,  and  his  restora- 
tion to  liberty  and  honour  by  King 
James,  are  in  no  instance  in  the  slight- 
est degree  alluded  to,  though  we  should 
think  that  they  must  naturally  have 
occurred  to  the  mind  of  his  friend  and 
admirer,  when  collecting  topics  of 
sympathy  or  eulogium.  It  is  to  be 
observed  also,  that  between  the  ages 
of  Shakspeare  and  Southampton,  there 
was  only  a  difference  of  nine  years, 
and  yet  the  Poet  alludes  to  the  autumn 
of  his  own  life,  and  the  spring  of  the 
object  of  the  Sonnets.  The  last  Sonnet 
in  the  number  supposed  to  be  addressed 
to  a  male,  speaks  of  him  as  a  "  lovely 
boy." 

I  find  myself  in  some  respects  partly 
forestalled  in  these  objections  to  Dr. 
Drake's  hypothesis,  by  a  writer  in  the 
Gentlemen's  Magazine  for  September 
and  October,  1832.  My  notes  on  this 
subject,  however,  though  notpublished, 
were  printed  as  memoranda  for  my 
own  use  (on  a  few  slips  of  paper  only), 
at  the  Hurkaru  Newspaper  Office,  in 
this  city,  at  least  four  years  ago,  and 
I  have  still  some  of  the  proofs  in  my 
possession.  I  do  not  wish  to  deduct 
from  the  merit  of  the  writer  alluded 
to,  but  to  protect  myself  from  the 
charge  of  plagiarism  on  account  of  a 
mere  coincidence  of  opinion.  The 
contributor  to  the  Gentleman's  Maga~ 
sine  has  endeavoured  to  prove,  iu  a 
very  shrewd  and  able  paper,  that  Lord 
Southampton  is  not  the  person  ad- 
dressed in  the  first  126  sonnets,  and 
that  the  real  object  of  them  is  Mr. 
William  Herbert,  subsequently  third 


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1 835  ] 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


3C7 


Earl  of  Pembroke.  This  article  is  al- 
ready ao  long,  that  I  dare  not  encroach 
on  the  reader's  patience  with  a  regular 
analysis  of  the  writer's  argument. 

1  admire  his  sagacity  and  acuteness, 
and  I  admit  that  many  of  his  illustra- 
tions tell  with  great  effect ;  but  yet  I 
am  by  no  means  satisfied  that  he  has 
solved  the  riddle  which  has  perplexed 
and  puzzled  so  many  learned  heads.  I 
must  just  briefly  state,  that  he  places 
considerable  stress  on  the  following 
facta.     The    initials  in  the  dedica- 
tion may    apply  to  the  name  W. 
Herbert,  while  they  cannot  be  applied 
to  H.  Wriothesley  (Earl  of  South- 
ampton), except  by  an  unjustifiable 
transposition.     The  first   also  was 
eminently   handsome,  and  therefore 
worthy  of  the  praises  lavished  on  the 
beauty  of  the  object  of  the  Sonnets. 
Lord  Southampton  was  in  this  respect 
not  remarkable.     The  difference  be- 
tween the  ages  of  Herbert  and  Shak- 
speare,  agrees  better  with  certain  pas- 
sages in  the  Sonnets,  than  that  be- 
tween Lord  Southampton  and  the  poet. 
The  notice  of  "  a  better  spirit,"  who 
interfered  with  our  great  poet's  influ- 
ence with  hia  patron,  alludes  to  Da- 
niel (a  highly  celebrated    and  po- 
pular poet  at  the   time),  who  it  is 
known  had  dedicated  to  William  Her- 
bert; whereas   Spenser,  erroneously 
supposed  to  be  alluded  to,  did  not  de- 
dicate to  Herbert.     From  these  and 
other  "  united  proofs,"  as  he  calls 
them,  the  writer  conceives  that  "  the 
question — to  whom  Shakspeare's  Son- 
nets are  addressed ?— is  now  decided.* 


*  Mr.  B.  Heywood  Bright,  in  the  Octo- 
bernumber  ( 1 832)  of  the  Gentl  eraan's  Ma- 
gazine, in  which  the  second  part  of  J.  B.'s 
article  appears,  puts  forth  a  claim  to  the 
merit  of  the  same  supposed  discovery. 
He  says,  that  in  1H19  he  had  convinced 
himself  by  laborious  researches  that  W. 
Herbert,  third  Earl  of  Pembroke,  was  the 
person  to  whom  Shakspeare  addressed 
126  of  the  sonnets.  A  friend,  whom  he 
refers  to  (the  Rev.  Jos.  Hunter),  acknow- 
ledges that  his  hypothesis  was  communi- 
cated to  him,  *•  many  years  ago.  He 
(Mr.  Bright)  was  warned,  he  says,  that 
by  delaying  the  publication,  he  was  put- 
ting to  hazard  an  honourable  opportunity 
°>  securing  to  himself  some  literary  repu- 
tation ;  but  was  prevented,  by  more  press- 
ing pursuits,  from  preparing  his  notes  for 
publication." 


I  shall  state  my  reasbns  for  still  re- 
maining sceptical  on   this  intricate 
question.       The  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
though  certainly  a  patron  of  Shak- 
speare, was  not  so  generally  known  as 
such,  as  Lord  Southampton  was,  and 
the  Sonnets  frequently  allude  to  the 
"  publick  kindness  shown  to  the  poet." 
Lord  Southampton  is  said  to  have  pre- 
sented him  with  the  munificent  gift  of 
a  thousand  pounds,  a  sum  at  that  pe- 
riod equal  to  five  thousand  pounds  in 
the  present  day.    This  large  donation 
is  supposed  to  have  been  bestowed  on 
Shakspeare  in  the  decline  of  his  life, 
to  enable  him  to  purchase  "  New 
Place,"  at  Stafford,  when  he  was  about 
to  retire  from  public  life.    So  early  as 
1594,  in  the  dedication  of  the  Rape  of 
Lucrece,  the  Poet  merely  dedicates 
his  book,  but  observes,  "  the  love  I 
dedicate  to  your  lordship  is  without 
end."    He  also  adds,  "  what  I  have 
done  is  yours;  what  I  have  to  do  is 
yours ;  being  part  in  all  1  have  de- 
voted yours."*    Is  it  likely  that  his 
noble  patron,  who  appears  to  have  fa- 
voured him  with  such  warm  friendship 
and  generous  assistance  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Poet's  career  to  its 
close,  should  have  been  thus  indirectly 
slighted  or  insulted,  as  he  must  have 
been  if  the  Sonnets,  which  are  often 
expressive  of  such  exclusive  friendship, 
gratitude,  and  duty,  were  addressed  to 
William  Herbert? 

In  the  account  by  the  Oxford  histo- 
rian A.  a  Wood,  of  the  life  and  cha- 
racter of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  he  is 
described  as  "  learned  and  endowed  to 
admiration  with  a  poetical  genius,  as 
by  those  amorous  and  not  inelegant 
airs  and  poems  of  his  composition  doth 
evidently  appear ;  some  of  which  had 
musical  notes  set  to  them  by  Henry 
Lawes."  Can  it  be  supposed  that 
Shakspeare  would  have  dedicated  126 
sonnets  to  the  praise  of  a  poet  whose 
pieces  had  been  set  to  music  by  a 
popular  composer,  without  a  single 
allusion  to  his  poetical  genius?  Shak- 
speare knew  too  well  the  nature  of  the 
commendation  which  a  poet  most 


•  Dr.  Drake  has  inadvertently  omitted 
to  notice  these  expressions,  which  would 
have  told  strongly  in  support  of  his  own 
speculation.  I  am  surprised  (hat  D'ls- 
raeli,  with  his  passion  for  literary  research, 
has  not  paid  attention  to  this  subject. 


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368 


On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare. 


dearly  covets,  to  be  guilty  of  so  offen- 
sive an  omission.  I  would  draw  ano- 
ther argument  against  Dr.  Drake  and 
the  Magazine  writer  who  signs  him- 
self J.  B. — (I  believe  John  Boaden) 
from  the  inconsistent  and  contradic- 
tory character  of  the  dedication.  The 
more  I  think  of  it,  the  more  I  am  con- 
vinced that  Shakspeare  had  nothing  to 
do  with  the  publication  of  the  Sonnets. 
It  is  clear  as  the  sun  at  noon -day  that 
some  of  the  Sonnets  are  addressed  to 
a  male  object  and  others  to  a  female. 
But  the  dedication  is  addressed  to  a 
single  individual,  who  is  described  as 
the  "  only  begetter"  of  them.  There 
has  been  a  great  deal  of  quibbling  upon 
the  word  "begetter;"  some  critics 
insisting  that  it  means  the  "  obtainer," 
and  others  the  object  or  inspirer.  For 
my  own  part  I  think  it  means  the  ob- 
tainer, for  this  seems  the  most  easy 
and  natural  interpretation,  and  is  at- 
tended with  the  fewest  difficulties, 
though  it  partly  nullifies  much  of  the 
ingenious  conjectural  criticism  of  both 
Dr.  Drake  and  J.  B.  The  Sonnets 
having  been  some  years  in  circulation 
amongst  the  author's  friends,  we  ought 
not  to  be  surprised  that  they  should 
at  last  have  found  their  way  into  print 
without  his  sanction.  The  assertion 
that  the  person  who  gave  or  sold 
them  to  the  bookseller  is  the  only  ob- 
tainer of  them,  is  a  bookseller's  boast, 
precisely  in  the  style  of  a  modern  fashion- 
able publisher. 

If  Shakspeare  had  had  any  thing  to 
do  with  the  superintendance  of  the 
publication,  he  would  hardly  have  al- 
lowed himself  to  be  styled  "  our  ever 
living  poet ;"  or  supposing  that  the 
practice  of  the  age  might  have  carried 
off  the  appearance  of  any  peculiar  im- 
propriety in  such  a  puff  direct  from 
nis  own  bookseller,  it  is  not  to  be  cre- 
dited for  a  moment  that  he  would  have 
left  it  to  a  mere  trader  to  dedicate  his 
work  to  either  of  his  high  and  noble 
patrons.  Shakspeare  did  not  bring 
out  his  two  first  poems  in  this  way. 
They  were  openly  inscribed  to  his 
great  patron,  not  giving  him  the  sneak- 
ing and  disrespectful  address  of  Mr. 
W.  H.,  but  his  full  rank,  the  Right 
Honourable  Henry  Wriothesley,  Earl 
of  Southampton  and  Baron  of  Titch- 
field. 

That  the  whole  of  the  154  Sonnets 
cannot  have  been  exclusively  addressed 


to  one  individual,  will  admit  of  no 
reasonable  doubt:  and  yet  if  we  are 
to  believe  that  the  dedication  was  ad- 
dressed to  Mr.  W.  H.,  as  the  sole 
object  of  the  Sonnets,  the  dedicator 
committed  an  egregious  blunder.  Is 
it  likely  that  such  a  blonder  would 
have  been  passed  over  by  the  eye  of 
Shakspeare  ?  The  bookseller's  appli- 
cation of  the  term '  adventurer'  to  him- 
self, seems  an  additional  indication 
that  the  risk  and  responsibility  of  the 
speculation  were  exclusively  his  own. 

It  is  impossible,  in  Calcutta,  to  ob- 
tain every  work  that  would  be  useful 
in  literary  inquiries  of  this  nature  ;  but 
1  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  fall  in 
with  many  books  and  separate  essays 
in  Magazines  bearing  reference  to  the 
present  subject,  and  have  been  sur- 
prised that  the  dedication  of  the  Son- 
nets should  have  been  (as  it  appears 
to  me)  invariably  misunderstood,  and 
that  no  doubts  should  ever  have  been 
expressed  as  to  the  authenticity  of  the 
first  edition  of  these  poems.  Every 
one  knows  that  Shakspeare  was  care- 
less to  a  fault  in  these  matters ;  and 
though  he  once  expressed  to  a  friend 
his  anger  at  the  insolence  of  a  book- 
seller who  published  his  Passionate 
Pilgrim,  without  giving  any  notice  to 
the  author,  the  latter  seems  to  have 
been  more  annoyed  at  the  introduc- 
tion into  the  volume  of  certain  poems 
of  his  contemporaries  under  his  name, 
than  at  the  liberty  taken -with  his  own 
productions.  His  plays  were  repeat- 
edly published  in  a  surreptitious  and 
most  inaccurate  and  disgraceful  man- 
ner, but  it  does  not  appear  that  he 
ever  took  any  steps  to  check  a  system 
of  piracy  so  much  calculated  to  injure 
his  reputation.  Any  other  author 
would  have  sunk  under  the  accumu- 
lated blunders  and  nonsense  of  his 
editors.  But  though  it  appears  pretty 
clear,  to  my  apprehension,  thatW.  H. 
in  the  dedication,  cannot  be  the  "only" 
object  of  the  Sonnets,  I  am  not  sore 
that  some  of  them  may  not  have  been 
addressed  to  him  ;  and  as  he  was  pro- 
bably one  of  the  private  friends, 
amongst  whom  the  whole  of  the  Son- 
nets were  circulated,  his  vanity  might 
have  prompted  him  to  give  copies  of 
them  to  the  bookseller,  that  he  might 
see  the  same  addressed  to  himself  in  a 
printed  collection. 

The  bookseller,  in  his  eagerness  and 


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1 835.]  On  the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare.  369 

ignorance,  perhaps  misunderstood  the    Pickering,  besides  his  edition  of  1825, 
"  begetter"  orobtainer,  and  attributed    published,  in  1832,  an  edition  which  is 
the  whole  series  to  him,  instead,  per-    included  in  the  Aldine  edition  of  the 
haps,  of  some  half  a  dozen.    He  ac-    British  Poets,  a  very  tasteful  collection, 
cordiogly  mingled  them  all  together  Mr.  Dyce's  introductory  memoir  and 
under  one  head,  and  occasioned  that  criticisms  are  good,  but  not  sufficiently 
inextricable  confusion  which  has  since  elaborate  and  minute.    His  remarks 
been  the  cause  of  so  much  painful  and  on  the  Sonnets,  though  quite  laudatory 
despairing  research.     If  Shakspeare  enough  of  their  poetical  merits,  betray 
had  had  anything  to  do  with  the  edi-  a  want  of  care  and  research  when  he 
tion,  I  think  he  would  have  dedicated  enters  upon  the  difficult  question  I 
the  work  in  an  open  manner  to  his  have  just  discussed, 
faithful  friend  and  munificent  patron       Shakspeare  himself  had  a  high  opi- 
Oris  earliest  and  latest)  Lord  South-  nion  of  his  own  Sonnets,  which  he 
ampton,  and  that  he  would  have  taken  appears  to  have  thought  would  secure 
care  so  to  divide  and  arrange  the  Son-  to  himself  and  the  several  objects  of 
nets,  and  to  indicate  the  subjects,  as  them  an  immortal  fame.    And  this  is 
to  have  made  them  intelligible  to  the  another  reason  why  it  is  improbable 
reader.    As  they  now  stand,  abstract-  that  he  had  any  concern  in  their  pub- 
ins;  their  poetical  merit,  they  are  no-  lication  ;  for,  as  it  is  clear  that  he  in- 
thing  but  a  painful  puzzle.    It  is  per-  tended  to  immortalize  his  friends,  he 
haps  worth  while  observing  that  the  would  never  have  arranged  the  Sonnets 
evidently  authentic  editions  of  the  Ve-  in  so  obscure  a  style  as  to  leave  the 
nus  and  Adonis  and  the  Rape  of  the  objects  of  them  to  be  guessed  at. 
Lucrece  were  both  dedicated  to  the       Shakspeare  somewhere  styles  the 
same  patron,  Lord  Southampton,  and  Sonnet  the  "  deep-brained  Sonnet.** 
both  published  by  the  same  bookseller,  Wordsworth  says, 

Richard  Fielde  ;  but  the  spurious  edi-  ..sk-orn  notthe  Ronnct,Critic;you  havefrowned 

tion  of  the  Passionate  Pilgrim  was  de-  Mindless  of  its  ju«t  honours;  with  thi*  key 

dicated  to  no  one,  and  published  by  Shakspeare  unlocked  his  heart." 
Jaggard ;  and  the  (as  I  suppose)  spuri-       Throughout  the  whole  series  of  Son- 

ous  edition  of  the  Sonnets  was  dedi-  nets  our  great  Poet  makes  not  a  single 

cated  to  two  initials,  W.  H.,  preceded  allusion  to  his  dramas.     It  is  well 

by  a  Mr.,  and  published  by  T.  T.  known  that  he  superintended  two  se- 

(Thomas  Thorpe),  who  I  suspect  was  parate  editions  of  his  Poems,  but  not 

a  bookseller  of  "  no  very  good  repute."  one  edition  of  his  Plays.    In  fact  he 

It  may  be  thought  by  some  readers  was  best  known  by  his  minor  poems, 

that  1  have  entered  into  this  discus-  which  were  very  popular.    His  two 

sion  too  minutely;  hut  I  confess  that  I  first  poems  went  through  six  editions 

have  reluctantly  checked  myself  from  in  thirteen  years;  while,  during  the 

entering  into  a  more  elaborate  consi-  same  period,  Romeo  and  Juliet  (his 

deration  of  what  I  esteem  a  highly  in-  most  popular  play)  passed  through 

teresting  literary  question.  the  press  but  twice. 

It  is,  I  think,  pretty  evident,  that,  To  end  at  once  this  long  article,  the 
notwithstanding  the  extreme  neglect  following  are  the  conclusions  I  have 
which  has  hitherto  attended  these  arrived  at.  The  Sonnets  are  incor- 
Sonnets,  they  are  at  last  gradually  rectly  arranged  by  an  ignorant  book- 
emerging  from  their  long  obscurity,  seller ;  they  are  addressed  to  several 
Within  these  last  eight  years  several  different  individuals,  male  and  female, 
new  editions  have  been  published,  in  some  cases  real  and  in  others  imagi- 
ln  1825  Mr.  Pickering  published  an  nary;  some  of  them  are  possibly  writ- 
edition  of  Shakspeare 's  poems,  but  ten  in  the  character  of  Lord  South- 
without  a  single  note  or  comment,  or  ampton  to  the  "  faire  Mrs.  Vernon" 
ft  line  of  preface.  Some  time  in  1831,  (afterwards  his  wife),  and  some  in  the 
Mr.  Moxon  (a  young  and  enterpris-  character  of  that  lady  to  heMover; 
•ng  publisher  of  great  taste,  and  him-  some  are  written  in  the  poet's  own 
self  a  writer  of  sonnets),  published  an  character;  and  perhaps  some  two  or 
edition  of  Shakspeare's  and  Milton's  three  of  them  are  the  roduction  of  an 
Sonnets,  together  in  one  volume.   Mr.  inferior  pen. 

Grnt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  3  B 


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[Oct. 


KINGSTON  SEYMOUR  M, 

( With  a 

THIS  interesting  old  mansion  is  of 
the  age  of  Edward  the  Fourth,  whose 
favourite  badge,  the  rose-en-soleil,  ap- 
pears on  the  west  gable.  The  manor  was 
divided;  but  the  resident  lord,  to  whom 
the  erection  of  the  house  may  be  as- 
cribed, appears  to  have  been  one  of 
the  family  of  Kenn. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  perfect  and 
interesting  specimens  of  ancient  do- 
mestic architecture  in  the  county  of 
Somerset.  It  is  a  small  building,  its 
extreme  length  not  exceeding  67  feet. 
The  hall  occupies  the  centre,  and  is 
28  ft.  6  in.  long,  by  18  ft.  in  width. 
It  has  a  window  on  the  north,  and 
another  on  the  south  side ;  the  latter 
appears  between  the  porch  and  the 
bay,  which  is  a  square  of  seven  feet 
and  a  half  on  the  inside,  and  forms 
the  only  means  of  communication  be- 
tween the  hall  and  the  withdrawing- 
room,  which'  occupies  the  western 
wing  of  the  building,  and  is  24  feet  in 
length  by  13  ft.  6  in.  in  width.  The 
staircase  is  attached  to  this  room,  and 
entered  from  it,  on  the  north  side. 
The  eastern  wing,  which  is  31  feet 
and  a  half  in  length,  and  18  feet  eight 
inches  in  width,  including  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls,  is  separated  into 
two  rooms,  the  front  and  larger  por- 
tion of  which  was  the  kitchen.  The 
room  beyond  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  devoted  to  mean  uses.  It  has 
no  external  doorway,  and  it  is  difficult 
to  imagine  where  space  was  formerly 
fouud  for  the  offices  which  must  have 
originally  belonged  to  this  handsome 
residence.  As  it  does  not  appear  that 
any  subordinate  buildings  were  ever 
attached  to  it,  it  is  reasonable  to  sup- 
pose that  they  were  included  in  some 
building  detached,  but  not  far  removed 
from  the  main  edifice.  There  is  no 
chimney-piece  in  the  hall,  so  that  we 
may  conclude  that  the  fire  was  kindled 
on  a  hearth  in  the  centre  of  the  room. 
The  chimney-piece  in  the  withdraw- 
ing room  is  of  stone,  aud  singularly 
ornamented,  and  the  ceiling  is  of 
wood- work,  handsomely  panelled. 

The  hall  in  this,  as  in  the  greater 
number  of  instances,  has  a  lofty  roof 
of  timber,  very  finely  constructed  and 


lNor-House,  co.  Somerset. 
Plate.) 

of  good  proportions,  but  not  distin- 
guished by  many  ornaments. 

I  should  not,  however,  omit  to  notice 
a  little  window  handsomely  canopied, 
which  appears  high  up  in  the  wall  at 
the  west  end.  It  opens  into  the  spa- 
cious apartment  over  the  withdraw- 
ing-room,  and  was  sufficiently  large 
to  give  the  host  a  commanding  view 
of  his  assembled  guests. 

We  must  now  speak  of  the  exterior, 
which  presents  a  highly  decorated 
elevation  towards  the  south.  The 
west  wing  and  the  bay  on  one  hand, 
and  the  north  wing  and  the  porch  on 
the  other,  leave  the  hall  deeply  re- 
cessed in  the  centre,  and  their  double 
gables  rise  so  high  as  nearly  to  con- 
ceal the  long  line  of  its  steep  roof. 
The  arch  of  the  porch,  and  the  upper 
windows  in  the  wings,  are  distinguish- 
ed by  Pointed  arches.  All  the  other 
windows  have  square  tops,  with  very 
highly  enriched  tracery.  The  windows 
differ  in  size  ;  several  have  transoms 
and  several  aie  without,  but  the  whole 
appear  with  their  original  ornaments 
complete.  The  masonry  and  construc- 
tion of  this  house  are  good  and  perfect. 

It  is  now  the  property  of  John  Hugh 
Smyth  Pigott,  of  Brockley  Hall,  Esq. 
and  will  be  henceforth  preserved  with 
the  care  it  merits. 

The  following  particulars  are  enter- 
ed in  the  parish  register  of  Kingston 
Seymour,  and  dated  1727#  by  Mr. 
James  Tuthill,  then  Rector. 

"  Kingston,  the  manor  and  estate  of 
John  de  Burgh,  gra|kUon  of  the  great 
Hubert  de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Kent,  who 
leaving  only  tines  daughters  and  hens, 
Hawise,  Denrergild,  and  Margery,  this 
manor  and  his  other  i  t  a  -  v,  parted  be- 
tween them  ;  and  Dervergihl, who  married 
Robert  Fit/waiter,  had  this  lordship  for 
part  of  her  share.  It  did  not  come  to 
the  said  John  from  his  ancestors,  but  as 
he  was  heir  to  Hawise  de  Llanvalley,  his 
grandmother,  upon  failure  of  issue  in  that 
family.  John  de  Kingston,  who  seems  to 
have  taken  his  name  from  his  lordship, 
which  was  his  seat,  was  Knight  of  this 
county  and  Dorsetshire  in  the  tlth  and 
1  ¥th  years  of  the  reign  of  King  Edward  the 
Third." 

This  curious  document  is  imperfect. 
Yours,  &c.  B. 


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1835.3 


371 


MEMORIALS  OP  LITERARY  CHARACTERS.— No.  IX. 

LETTKR  FROM   HUGH  LORD  POLWARTH,  AFTERWARDS  EARL  OF  MARCHMONT,  TO 

AARON  HILL,  ESQ.* 

I  RECEIVED  your  letter,  Sir,  with  der,  what  can  it  be  so  properly  as 
the  same  sensation  that  one  receives  the  approbation  and  good  will  of 
an  excuse  from  a  friend  for  whom  one  those,  whose  opinion  every  man  is  de- 
has  waited  several  hours.  The  excuse  termined  by,  and  whose  voice  bespeaks 
is  very  kind  ;  but  as  the  pleasure  which  merit.    Ambition  and  vanity  are  both 
the  friend  himself  would  give,  often  gratified  by  it.    One  sees  it  in  the  be- 
consists  in  some  degree  in  what  one  has  haviour  of  others,  and  one  feels  a  plea- 
to  say  to  him,  nothing  he  can  say  can  surein  that  phrase  of  Tully — virtutes 
atone  for  the  being  disappointed  of  sine  virtute  assecuti  sunt,  sed  tanto- 
eaying  what  one  had  to  say  to  him.  rum  virorum  studia  sine  virtute  nemo 
I  did  expect  you  in  town  with  great  assecutus  est."    You  will  easily  per- 
impatience,  so  ioog  as  1  imagined  you  ceive  why  this  sentence  struck  me  so 
was  on  the  road  ;  and  when  I  learnt  much.    To  find  a  foundation  for  one's 
that  you  had  put  off  your  journey,  I  vanity  without  oneself  is  the  task  of 
submitted  to  it  as  I  do  to  the  frost,  most  men,  to  rest  upon  so  sure  a  foun- 
or  Sir  John  Eyles's  curiosity,  which  dation  for  it  as  I  do  has  been  the  lot 
renders  the  invention  of  letters  use-  of  few.    No  wonder,  then,  if  I  am 
less  or  dangerous.    I  had  a  great  deal  covetous  of  preserving  it ;  if  knowing 
to  say  to  you,  and  nothing  to  say  the  penetration  and  virtue  of  the  men, 
to  him.    And  by  what  1  could  say,  I  take  more  pains  than  others  to  pre- 
that  he  might  see,  I  knew  I  could  serve  the  foundation  on  which  I  rest, 
add  nothing  to  your  entertainment;  a  stranger  in  this  country  this  day 
for  assurances  of  my  constant  ad-  was  seven  years,  and  at  present  a  friend 
miration,  gratitude,   and  respect,  I  to  the  most  (if  not  the  only)  valuable 
knew,  or  I  hoped,  were  unnecessary,  men  in  it.    So  far  now  from  wonder- 
But  ]  will  not  now  particularize  to  ing,  as  you  flattering  do,  I  dare  say 
him  the  reasons  why  1  did  not  write  you  will  not  be  surprised  that  I  think 
to  you.    I  heard  of  you  with  great  of  retiring,  like  the  bears  in  the  cold 
pleasure  from  several  of  your  friends  weather,  after  pampering  myself  dur- 
*ho  took  the  pleasure  of  writing  to  ing  the  sunshine,  to  hide  myself  in  a 
you ;  and  who  had  the  charity  in  this  northern  den,  and  suck  my  paws  to 
hard  weather  to  load  you  with  their  subsist  ray  vanity  upon,  or  that  I 
farthings ;  but  as  I  knew  you  had  a  should  follow  the  example  of  your 
flame  within,  the  warmth  of  which  Horatian  lord  mayor's  horse — "neilia 
has  often  animated  me,  and  the  light  ducat." 

of  it  directed  me,  I  thought  it  the  I  dare  not  even  here  [blank]  you  a 

wisest  part  I  could  take  to  keep  my  receipt  in  full,  there  is  so  much  more 

copper  to  myself.  Could  1  have  sent  you  matter  in  your  three  lines  than  in  his 

a  letter  1  have  lately  received  from  the  six  pages,  that  even  from  a  spirit  of 

Forest,f  I  would  have  done  it  from  mere  ceconomy  which  he  is  possessed  with 

vanity,  or  would  do  it  now  to  explain  forcarryingontheWar,  he  would  never 

to  you  what  you  enquire  after  in  the  forgive  you.    Besides,  the  last  time  1 

beginning  of  your  letter.    One  must  saw  him  he  rail'd  at  wit  for  two  hours 

be  very  insensible  to  the  love  of  society  to  Lady  Hervey,  which'  I  told  him  was 

not  to  make  the  approbation  of  such  cruel,  since  no' doubt  he  supposed  she 

as  you  and  him  a  principal  motive  of  had  none,  or  he  would  have  been 

action ;  or  one  must  have  very  low  civiller  to  one  of  her  qualifications, 

views  indeed,  where  that  approbation  Perhaps  he  was  angry  at  you  for  not 

will  not  be  a  principal  instrument  to  answering  him,  as  he  is  at  me  for  not 

obtain  one's  end.     But  if  the  end  communicating  to  him  a  pamphlet, 

proposed  be  not  Ipw,  be  not  wages,  which  he  says  you  have  wrote  upon 

be  not  money  to  hoard  or  to  squan-  my  furnishing  you  with  materials. 

  I  am,  with  the  greatest  truth.  Sir, 

*  From  Mr.  Long's  Transcripts ;  see  your  most  obliged,  faithful,  humble 

P  146.  servant,  Polwarth. 

t  That  is,  from  Pope.    Edit.  London,  \9th  Jan.  1739-40. 


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372 

HuohEablofMarchmontto  Aaron 
Hill,  Esq.'  on  tub  death  or  Sis 
William  Wyndham. 

Kedbraes  Castle,  bthJuly,  1740. 
I  cannot  express,  dear  Sir,  the  sense 
I  have  of  yourfriendship,  nor  howmuch 
1  owe  to  you  for  the  kind  letter  1  have 
received  from  you.  It  is  the  first  thing 
has  made  me  took  back  upon  England 
with  some  ease.  But  the  prospect  is 
not  to  be  dwelt  upon  by  me  ;  what  a 
dread  full  void  do  1  find  there.  You 
know  the  greatness  of  the  loss — it  is 
national,  it  is  irreparable.  But  you 
have  not  a  just  opinion  of  me,  when 
you  imagine  any  thing  within  myself 
can  be  a  consolation.  I  have  neither 
strength  nor  virtue  enough :  no  man 
ever  lost  a  better  friend,  and  no  man 
was  ever  less  fitt  to  do  without  such 
an  one.  It  was  this  weakness  that 
gave  him  opportunities  of  showing  to 
me  how  much  and  how  sincerely  he 
was  so.  Little  did  I  imagine  that 
those  marks  of  honour  he  bestowed  on 
me,  those  proofs  of  his  affection  that 
convinced  me  of  what  my  vanity  could 
not  persuade  me  that  1  could  merit, 
should  ever  confirm  me  unhappy.  But 
even  now  that  it  is  so,  I  value  them 
more  than  the  objects  of  the  fondest 
hopes  of  those  wretches  who  are  such 
strangers  to  virtue  that  they  forget  de- 
cency. Let  it  be  remembered  that  they 
smiled  at  his  death.  I  would  have 
that  epitaph  upon  bis  tomb.  And  if 
they  ever  arrive  at  the  power  they  long 
for,  the  History  of  Britain  will  shew 
the  importance  of  the  man  who  could 
alone  stem  the  torrent  of  their  inso- 
lence and  tyranny.  1  feel  so  much  for 
myself  upon  this  occasion,  that  I  am 
not  surprised  at  these  men  doing  the 
same.  They  had  never  felt  the  plea- 
sure of  acting  with  him  for  their  coun- 
try ;  and  they  found  the  discovery  of 
their  intentions  had  got  the  better  of 
that  candor  they  had  long  endeavoured 
to  impose  on.  What  creatures  must 
we  be  when  you,who  know  the  species 
so  well,  expect  some  are  to  be  merry 
in  a  week  after  this  death.  I  am  sure 
his  widow  nor  his  heir  will  not  be  so: 
and  will  a  gang  of  patriots  be  so?  I 
am  sure  his  loss  is  greater  to  all  real 
patriots  than  to  his  son,  or  to  his 
widow  :  tho'  either  in  his  character  of 
father  or  husband  1  never  saw  a  better. 
And  I  am  persuaded  his  son  and  widow 
have  a  just  sense  of  it.    They  do  not 


[Oct. 

smile  at  his  death.  Let  it  only  be? 
known  who  rejoice  at  it,  let  him  be 
reckon 'd  by  those  who  knew  no  more 
of  him ;  only  opposite  to  these,  he  needs 
no  other  panegyrick. 

Forgive  me,  nay  I  am  sure  you  wiU, 
for  the  faults  of  this  letter ;  a  man 
more  resigned  than  I  have  virtue  enough 
to  be,  would  be  oppressed  in  this  case. 
I  have  not  the  small  relief  of  year 
after  year.  I  have  no  expectation,  dear 
Sir,  but  that  of  a  long  life  after  the  loss 
of  every  man  I  love  and  esteem,  of 
every  friend,  and  of  every  amusement, 
— unless  I  co'd  bring  myself  to  take  up 
with  the  modern  pleasures  of  operas 
and  Vauxhall ;  or  attend  the  levees  of 
those  grinning  scoundrels  who  rejoice 
at  every  national  misfortune;  or  hunt, 
drink,  and  riot  with  those  who  delight 
in  the  pleasures  of  the  country.  No, 
Sir,  if  1  could  relish  the  friendship  of 
a  Wyndham,  a  Bolingbroke,  and  a 
Pope,  those  are  no  resources.  1  have 
nothing  left  but  to  continue  to  play  the 
mole,  and  fling  earth  over  my  head  as 
fast  as  1  can  :  I  am  too  unlucky  a  tra- 
veller to  think  of  travelling  with  you. 
Friendship  for  me  carrys  a  poison  with 
it,  that  I  am  afraid  is  fatal.  1  would 
wish  to  think  that  1  have  lost  all  my 
friends,  in  order  to  preserve  the  other 
two,  for  happier  friends  and  more  suc- 
cessful! endeavours.  1  am  sensible 
how  foolish  this  is,  but  I  think  I  am 
growing  more  so  every  day.  I  am 
eorry  you  think  of  my  neglecting  you; 
it  is  not  you  that  people  neglect,  nor 
those  in  my  situation  who  neglect 
others.  Who  or  what  is  there  in  Eng- 
land now,  to  make  it  tolerable  to  me, 
but  you  and  the  thought  that  you 
sometimes  think  on  me  like  a  friend? 
Was  I  able  to  lay  before  you  things  in 
the  light  I  see  them,  you  would  be  con- 
vinced of  it.  And  what  is  there  in 
this  place  to  induce  me  to  neglect  the 
only  men  and  the  only  place  1  had  a 
pleasure  in  ?  But  1  have  made  too 
many  stops  before  I  came  to  thi3  part, 
to  be  able  to  go  on  with  this  subject. 
I  had  a  letter  from  the  Forest,  dated 
June  the  13th,  before  he  knew  any 
thing  of  the  misfortune  that  has  befallen 
all  honest  men.  He  had  been  ill  of  a 
fever  himself,  and  was  not  perfectly 
recovered.  How  he  may  be  able  to 
support  the  news  concerns  me.  A 
soul  so  sensible  of  friendship  and  the 
loss  of  such  a  friend,  must  make  the 


Memorials  of  Literary  Characters. 


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183$.] 


Letters  to  Aaron  Hill,  Esq. 


373 


bhock  very  terrible.    Among  many 
motives  to  grieve,  I  am  sure  he  will 
feel  something  for  me.    Why  should 
I  doubt  it?     He  has  no  reason  to 
flatter  me,  and  he  assures  me  of  his 
friendship.    To  suppose  he  flattered 
me,  wquld  require  more  vanity  than 
even  my  enemies  charged  me  with 
having  acquired  for  his  and  your,  and 
our  lost  friend's  friendship.    1  wish  I 
was  within  reach  of  you  to  accompany 
you  to  see  him,  and  learn  the  practise 
of  philosophy  from  those  who  gave  me 
the  first  light  of  the  theory.    And  yet 
I  dare  scarce  look  out  from  this  tomb. 
I  was  but  an  hour  with  the  Duke  and 
Dutchess  of  Quceosberry,  and  I  could 
not  stand  it ;  my  behaviour  was  like 
this  letter,  so  unequal  and  so  uncon- 
nected, that  I  durst  not  return,  but 
hurried  to  my  earth  and  obscurity.  1 
am  very  much  obliged  to  my  Lord 
Chesterfield  and  Mr.  Lyttelton ;  they 
have  things  more  important  to  think 
of  than  me.    God  grant  them  success 
and  spirit  to  preserve  till  they  attain 
it.    Forgive  this  long  and  odd  letter ; 
it  would  be  longer  were  I  to  indulge 
the  only  pleasing  employment  I  have 
had  since  I  left  you.    I  have  not  so 
much  as  look't  into  a  book ;  \  must 
try  to  grow  a  rock  or  a  statue  as  fast 
as  I  can.    If  I  do,  your  name  and  two 
more  inscribed  on  my  heart,  shall  keep 
me  out  of  the  garden  of  our  next  Mi- 
nister. I  am  yours. 

[In  the  Marchmont  Papers,  1831, 
vol.  ii.  p.  2 1 0,  is  a  letter  from  Pope  to 
the  Earl  of  Marchmont,  on  the  death 
of  Sir  William  Wyndham,  dated  June 
22;  at  p.  222  another,  in  which  he 
transcribes  part  of  a  letter  of  Boling- 
broke  on  the  same  subject ;  and  at  p. 
226,  a  letter  of  Bolingbroke  to  the  earl 
direct,  also  on  their  recent  loss.] 

Letter  or  ths  Hon.  A.  HumbCamp- 

BELL,*     BROTHER    TO    TBB  EaRL 

op  Marchmont,  to  Aaron  Hill, 
Esq. 

Sir,      London,  July  10fA,  1740. 
The  daily  expectation  of  seeing  you 
in  town,  and  not  knowing  where  you 
>'as,  or  how  safely  to  convey  a  letter 
to  you,  have  prevented  my  acknow- 


*  M. P.  for  Berwickshire,  from  1734  to 
his  death,  Solicitor  to  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
l?4l ;  JUord  Clerk  Register  of  Scotland, 
175*  <kd  1760. 


ledging  the  receipt  of  your*  with  the 
letter  to  my  brother.  J  could  not  pre- 
vail with  myself  to  delay  giving  him 
the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  you  till  I 
might  meet  with  a  private  hand  to  carry 
it,  and  therefore  sent  it  by  the  post* 
so  as  it  could  not  be  read  without  tear- 
ing or  keeping  it ;  and  I  expect  every 
day  to  hear  it  came  safe.  I  have  had 
a  letter  from  him  since  hewas  informed 
of  the  loss  of  Sir  Wm.  Wyndham. 
You  know  my  brother,  the  warmth  of 
his  friendship,  and  sincerity  of  his 
heart,  and  can  easily  imagine  how  he 
was  affected.  It  is  too  much  to  copy 
out  of  his  letter,  which  I  shall  shew 
you  as  soon  as  I  can  have  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  you ;  though  I  do  not  care 
to  give  you  any  pain,  yet  1  ought  not 
to  conceal  the  scituation  of  his  mind 
from  you  who  can  best  relieve  him.  I 
can  assist  him  in  business  and  com- 
mon occurrences  ;  but  as  he  is  now 
affected,  I  can  only  bear  him  company. 

I  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
you  on  Sunday  next,  if  you  are  not 
better  engaged.  When  1  knew  you 
only  as  an  author,  1  admired  and 
esteemed  you  ;  it  is  the  heart  only  that 
commands  affection  ;  you  will  there- 
fore believe  me,  that  your  tenderness 
for  a  brother  1  love  and  respect,  at  a 
time  when  your  goodness  was  conspi- 
cuously beneficial  to  him,  could  not 
fail  to  produce  a  warmth  of  affection 
and  gratitude  never  to  be  rooted  out. 
Give  me  leave  to  assure  you,  from  a 
warm  though  desponding  heart,  I  not 
only  join  with  my  brother  in  wishes 
to  deserve  your  friendship,  but  shall 
constantly  endeavour  to  merit  your 
esteem,  and  what  is  more  to  me  (if  I 
could  suppose  it  separated)  study  to 
acquire  your  affection.  I  cannot  feel 
this  without  tears  for  you.  Some  ma- 
lignant planet  seems  to  blast  every 
resource,  every  friend  my  Lord  and  I 
have,  one  after  another.  God  knows, 
it's  influence  will  soon  be  vain  ;  there 
are  but  few  left,  and  if  these  go  off  I 
shall  find  no  difficulty  to  wean  myself 
from  the  world.  I  am  told  my  Lord 
Bolingbroke  is  ill ;  I  hope  it  is  not 
true ;  should  any  thing  happen  to  him, 
my  brother  is  buried  in  Scotland  ;  for 
my  part  I  am  so  distracted  between 
the  dead  and  living,  that  I  don't  know 
among  which  to  be  numbered  ;  tho'  I 
am  not  at  a  loss  which  1  should  choose 
if  1  was  not  to  aggravate  the  cares  of 


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374 


Letter  of  Mallet  to  Pope. 


[Oct. 


those  I  am  unable  to  comfort.  You 
know  my  twin  brother,  and  cannot  be 
surprised  we  should  think  alike.  Is  it 
not  shocking  to  perceive  an  indiffer- 
ence iu  some  for  the  great  national 
loss  so  lately  suffered,  and  an  unwil- 
lingness (to  call  it  by  the  tenderest 
name)  to  be  assisted  by  the  only  man 
who  is  able  to  supply  his  place,  could 
he  be  prevailed  upon  to  come  over  and 
help  us :  I  can  ascribe  it  to  nothing 
but  a  sense  of  his  superiority,  or  a 
fear  of  his  virtue.  Is  it  not  time,  then, 
to  cease  drawing  in  such  a  sett — to 
retire  and  avoid  things  which  must 
give  pain  and  uneasiness !  I  have 
troubled  you  too  much  :  your  goodness 
will  overlook  it,  and  believe  roe,  most 
sincerely,  your  most  obliged  and  affec- 
tionate 8f  rvant, 

A.  Hume  Campbell. 

Letter  of  David  Mallet,  Esq.  to 
Alexander  Pope,  Esq. 

Dear  Sir  9PenAe»B'  Av9-  Wh. 
uear  air,     Hanoveri  Aug,  26th. 

Tho'  this  letter  comes  to  you  from 
the  banks  of  the  Rhine,  and  in  sight 
of  two  formidable  armies,  I  write  it 
with  as  much  tranquillity  as  you  will 
read  it  in  your  garden,  or  by  the  side 
of  the  Thames.  This  campaign  has 
hitherto  been  as  harmless  as  a  cam- 
paign can  be  ;  Sporus  might  have  made 
it  without  endangering  his  complexion, 
or  B.  his  courage. 

When  we  were  introduced  to  the 
Marechal  de  Coigney,  he  told  us,  with 
great  politeness,  that  if  it  depended  on 
him,  he  would  give  us  the  pleasure  of 
a  —  battle,  or  at  least  of  a  skirmish. 
Knowing  us  to  be  Englishmen,  he  con- 
cluded that  we  must  take  delight  in 
the  combats  of  our  gladiators  at  Fig's 
Theatre,  and  so  would  have  given  us 
an  entertainment  a  l'Angloisc. 

That  great  genera!  amuses  himself, 
very  innocently,  with  reading  the  me- 
morable events  of  time  in  his  alma- 
nack. The  Count  d'Eu  and  his  bro- 
ther the  Prince  of  Dombes  (who  by 
the  way  is  very  like  a  late  acquaint- 
ance of  your's,  John  Bull  of  Sudbury) 
play  on  the  fiddle.  They  are  the  first 
violins  of  the  blood;  and  regaled  us 
the  other  day  with  a  concert,  where 
they  themselves  were  the  chief  per- 
formers, in  a  Lutheran  church.  This 
scene  diverted  me  infinitely.  While 
your  greatest  lords  and  finest  ladies 


are  obliged  to  pay,  and  afterwards 
to  flatter,  such  things  as  Senesiny  and 
Farinelli,  and  all  for  a  song, — I,  with- 
out the  expense  of  one  farthing  or  one 
ly,  have  been  fiddled  to  by  two  grand- 
sons of  Louis  the  Fourteenth  !  By 
this  you  will  find  that  1  have  had  the 
honor  lately  to  be  very  much  in  what 
they  call  good  company.    And  it  is 
true.    The  Prince  of  Conti  (who  is 
handsomer  than  the  whole  family  of 
the  H — ,  and  no  less  gracious  than  he 
is  handsome)  had  the  goodness  to  talk 
with  me  for  seven  or,  I  believe  it  might 
be, eightminutes, of  houndsand  horses, 
wolves  and  wild  boars.    The  Prince 
of  Carignan,  first  prince  of  the  House 
of  Savoy,  and  director  of  the  Opera  in 
Paris,  condescended  to  advise  me  con- 
cerning my  travels. 

May  I  never  hope  for  the  pleasure 
of  hearing  from  you,  that  you  are  well, 
and  have  not  forgot  me  ?    By  saying 
just  that  and  no  more,  you  will  give 
me  the  most  agreeable  piece  of  news 
that  I  can  receive,  or  you  yourself  send. 
Believe  me  I  am  in  no  treaty  with 
Curl,  to  furnish  him  any  letters  for  his 
second  volume  ;  and  if  he  has  no  more 
influence  with  the  clerks  of  the  Post- 
office  than  with  me,  yours  will  come 
very  safe,  as  it  will  be  most  welcome 
to,  dear  Sir,  your  most  affectionate, 
faithfull  servant,         D.  Mallet. 

P.S.  Mr.  N         is  extremely  your 

humble  servant ;  and  we  beg  leave  to 
send,  by  you,  a  thousand  good  wishes 
to  Mrs.  B.  for  the  continuance  of  her 
good  humour  and  good  health. 

Letter  of  Philip  Earl  op  Chester- 
field to  Aaron  Hill,  Esq. 
Sir,     Aix  La  Ckappelle,  June  CM. 
Your  desiring  to  hear  of  me,  and 
from  me,  was  a  mark  of  your  friend- 
ship which  I  have  too  just  a  value  for 
not  to  comply  with,  even  with  impati- 
ence, since  it  gives  me  an  opportunity 
at  the  same  time  of  assuring  you  of 
that  regard  and  esteem,  which  you  so 
well  deserve  from  every  bodv,  and 
which  I  wish  were  better  worth  your 
acceptance  from  me.    The  sincerity  of 
my  friendship  for  you  is  its  chief,  if 
not  its  only  merit,  which  makes  it  so 
unequal  a  return  for  yours,  which  is 
not  only  a  satisfaction  but  an  orna- 
ment to  those  who  enjoy  it,  especially 
after  the  declaration  you  have  so  pub- 
lickly  made  and  so  strictly  kept,  who 


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1835.] 


letter  of  Philip  Earl  of  Chesterfield  to  A.  Hill. 


those  are  alone,  to  whom  you  will  be 
a  frientl.  Your  friend  the  Dean,  not 
content  with  your  bare  friendship, 
often  says  to  you  oma  me,  which  iu 
him  is  the  greediness  of  a  raiser,  for 
nobody  wants  it  less ;  but  I,  who  am 
much  poorer,  and  consequently  less 
greedy  and  more  modest  in  my  de- 
mands, call  upon  you  only  for  your 
friendship,  which  I  shall  look  upon  as 
ornament  sufficient. 

To  give  you,  then,  some  account  of 
my  health,  since  you  are  so  kind  as  to 
concern  yourself  about  it,  1  will  tell 
you  that  these  waters,  which  I  have 
now  drunk  four  days,  have  as  vet  had 
no  sensible  effect  upon  it.    When  I 
arrived  here,  I  was  already  much  the 
better  for  the  exercise  of  the  journey 
and  the  change  of  air;  and  if  I  conti- 
nue to  mend  in  the  same  proportion 
for  some  time  longer,  I  shall  have  a 
better  opinion  of  ray  recovery  than  I 
left  England  with.    The  Spa,  where  I 
go  next  week,  is,  I  am  told,  to  lavish 
its  treasures  of  strength  and  spirits 
upon  me,  and  my  journey  afterwards 
in  the  South  of  France,  to  secure  and 
confirm  'em.    If  so,  I  am  resolved  to 
be  a  better  manager  of  my  new  acqui- 
sitions than  I  was  of  ray  origiual 
stock,  and  if  I  don't  turn  raiser,  1  will 
at  least  be  a  good  oeconoraist  of  health 


for  the  future;  though  born  without 
a  strong  natural  turn  to  ceconoray. 
Nay,  I'll  even  turn  missionary  of  it, 
and  preach  to  you,  who  I  think  want 
conversion  much,  and  have  as  yet  felt 
no  symptoms  of  that  grace.  I  shall 
banish,  if  not  break,  all  your  bottles  of 
Madeira  and  orange  brandy,  and  sub- 
stitute in  the  room  the  fair  water  of 
regeneration. 

I  have  heard  and  indeed  thought  but 
little  of  England  since  I  left  it ;  I  am 
advis'd  only  to  think  of  agreeable  ob- 
jects, and  should  one  then  turn  one's 
thoughts  towards  England?  My  own 
constitution  affords  me  still  a  better 
prospect  than  that ;  it  is  possible  to  be 
retrieved  at  least.  But  I  look  upon 
that  of  my  country  to  be  in  the  despe- 
rate case  of  a  patient,  to  whom  the 
physitians  allow  the  last  liberty  of 
eatingand  drinking  whatever  he  pleases, 
when  there's  nothing  more  to  be  done 
for  him.  If  upon  this  same  principle 
of  mine,  of  not  thinking  into  England, 
you  sometimes  chuse  to  think  out  of 
it,  left  me,  with  one  more  out  of  it, 
sometimes  share  those  thoughts,  and 
lett  me  hear  that  I  have  that  share. 
For  I  assure  you,  that  even  that  one 
more  cannot  be  more  sincerely  and 
truely,  your  faithfull,  humble  servant, 

Chester  field. 


THE  ANCIENT  FAMILY  OF  DE  BATHE. 


Mr.  Urban,     Dublin,  June  16. 
IN  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
April  1803,  p.  305,  is  an  engraving  of 
an  old  mansion  called  Barton  House, 
in  Nurth  Tawton,  Devon,  accompanied 
by  a  very  brief  letter,  stating  the  cor- 
respondent could  give  no  information 
about  its  ancient  possessors.    For  the 
reasons  which  1  am  about  to  mention, 
I  think  it  not  unlikely  but  that  the 
place  alluded  to  by  your  correspondent 
was  Bathe  House  (which  being  in  the 
Bar/onof  Bathe,  he  calls  Burton  House), 
the  ancient  seat  of  the  family  of  Bathe, 
or  De  Bathe,  "  which  name  (says 
Harris,  in  his  Biog.  Brit.  vol.  i.  p. 
533)  the  family  either  took  from  or 
left  unto  an  ancient  seat  of  that  name 
called  Bathe-house  (in  the  parish  of 
North  Tawton,  in  the  heart  of  the 
county  of  Devon),  the  principal  place 
of  the  family's  residence,  where  we 
find  it  of  so  long  standing,  that  our 


author  says  (Danmonii  Oriental  Illust. 
p.  50),  it  ran  so  very  far  back  that  he 
could  not  trace  out  and  overtake  the 
original  thereof." 

Of  this  family  was  Sir  Henry  do 
Bathe,  Chief  Justice  of  England  about 
the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
whose  tomb  in  Christ  Church,  Ox- 
ford, is  the  second  in  point  of  anti- 
quity there,  and  of  whom  and  his 
quarrel  with  King  Henry  the  Third, 
Harris  gives  a  long  account, —  that 
the  King  was  so  much  exasperated  to 
see  de  Bathe  likely  to  be  acquitted 
upon  his  trial,  he  mounted  his  throne, 
and  with  his  own  mouth  made  procla- 
mation as  follows  :  "  If  any  man  will 
slea  (slay)  Henry  de  Bathe,  he  shall 
not  be  impeached  for  his  death,  for  I 
do  here  plainly  declare  him  acquit  and 
guiltless  for  the  same."  (Holinshed, 
vol.  i.  p.  244.)  But  after  this,  the 
King  again  took  him  into  favour,  and 


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876  The  Family 

even  promoted  him  to  the  Chief  Jus- 
ticeship.   Of  this  family  was  Hugo 
de  Bathe  (from  whom  I  am  descend- 
ed), who  settled  at  a  very  early  period 
in  this  country,  where  he  obtained 
several  extensive  grants  of  land  in  the 
counties  of  Meath  and  Dublin  ;  and  it 
appears  on  record  that  his  descendant 
Mathew  de  Bathe  obtained  a  grant 
from  Edward  the  Third,  of  the  manor 
Of  Rathfeigh,  in  the  county  of  Meath, 
with  the  advowson  of  the  church  of 
the  same,  "  as  heretofore  granted  by 
Hugh  de  Lacy."   The  same  individual 
obtained  the  custody  of  the  King's 
manor  of  Leixlip.    He  died  in  1350, 
leaving  John  de  Bathe  his  son  and 
heir,  who  obtained  a  confirmation 
from  the  crown  of  the  said  manor  and 
advowson.    He  was  chief  magistrate 
of  Dublin,  and  became  possessed  of 
the  manor  of  Drumcondra,  near  this 
city.    James  Bath  was  Chief  Baron  of 
the  Irish  Exchequer  in  1547.    He  died 
in  1572.    His  son  John  was  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer,  and  died  in 
1586.    His  eldest  son  William  was 
second  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  ; 
but  dying  in  1599  without  issue,  the 
estates  reverted  to  his  next  brother 
John,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  who  died  in  1634,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  eldest  son  James,  whose 
eldest  son  Luke  was  created  a  Baronet 
at  the  Restoration,  and  in  both  Acts 
of  Settlement  were  contained  provisoes 
for  his  restoration  to  his  estates,  which 
the  then  Duke  of  York  (afterwards 
James  II.)  claimed  under  a  proviso  in 
the  firtt  Act  of  Settlement,  vesting  in 
him  '  The  Regicides'  Lands/  meaning 
those  which  had  been  '  possessed  by 
Oliver  Cromwell  and  67  others  therein 
named  as  regicides  ;'  but  although  it 
appears  by  the  report  of  the  then  Earl 
of  Anglesey,  that  none  of  Sir  Luke's 
estates  had  ever  been  possessed  by 
any  of  the  said  regicides,  yet  he  was 
at  length  obliged  to  yield  to  the  great 
nower  of  the  Duke,  and  to  accept  from 
him  a  lease  of  99  years  (which  ex- 
pired in  1767),  at  a  pepper-corn  rent 
of  only  one  of  his  estates  (Athcarne, 
county  of  Meath,   containing  1200 
acres),  and  to  give  up  all  his  other 
estates,  Drumcondra,  Glas9nevin,  Bal- 
lybough,  Balgriffin,  Clontarf,  Baldoyle, 
&c.  co.  Dublin,  Laudenstown,  &c.  co. 
Kildare,  besides  valuable  property  in 
Dublin  and  Drogheda.    Sir  Luke  died 
5 


of  De  Bathe.  [Oct. 

in  1672,  leaving  an  only  son  Sir  Peter, 
who  died  without  issue.    Sir  Luke 
had  three  brothers  who  survived  him  ; 
his  next  brother^  John,  died  unmar- 
ried; his  second  brother,  Peter,  was 
the  grandfather  of  my  grandfather; 
his  youngest  brother,  Andrew,  died 
without  male  issue.    I  have  tkfull  ac- 
count and  pedigree  complete  of  the 
family,  from  the  time  of  their  first  set- 
tling here  ;  but  lest  it  should  be  deem- 
ed by  you  as  not  possessing  sufficient 
pnblic  interest,  I  shall  not  trouble  yoa 
further  with  it. 

Harris  gives  an  account  of  William 
Bathe,  an  Irish  author,  who  was  born 
in  1564,  and  died  in  1614.    He  dedi- 
cated one  of  his  works  to  his  uncle 
Gerald  Firz-Gerald,  Earl  of  Kildare. 
In  a  note,  he  (Harris)  gives  a  list  of* 
the  several  branches  of  the  Baths  of 
Ireland,  and  a  brief  account  of  them  ; 
but  he  mistakes  in  representing  Luke 
and  Sir  Luke  to  be  two  different  per- 
sons, owing  to  the  circumstance  of  his 
having  been  created  a  Baronet  between 
the  time  of  passing  the  first  and  se- 
cond Acts  of  Settlement.    Sir  Luke 
was  then  the  representative  of  the 
Baths  of  Drumcondra,  being  the  eldest 
branch,  but  Harris  states  it  to  be  a 
distinct  branch ;  so  that,  instead  of  eight 
branches  which  he  sets  out,  there 
were  but  six.    There  are  now  but  /iro, 
Drumcondra  and  Knightstown.  The 
former  represented  by  myself,  and  the 
latter  (including  Casheland  Morton,  as 
stated  in  Harris)  bv  Sir  William  Plunket 
de  Bathe,  whose  father  James  Michael 
Bath,  on  being  created  a  Baronet  in 
1801,  re-assumed,  by  the  King's  sign- 
manual,  the  ancient  familv  name  of 
de  Bathe,  after  its  having  fallen  into 
disuse  for  upwards  of  three  centuries. 
The  Athcarne  estate  (co.  Meath),  on 
failure  of  male  issue  in  that  branch  in 
1620,  came  back  by  settlement  to  the 
eldest  branch.    In  the  Dublin  Penny 
Journal  (No.  28,  vol.  1.)  there  is  given 
a  view  of  Athcarne  Castle,  with  an 
account  of  it;  and  in  No.  12  is  a  view 
of  the  wooden  house  in  Drogheda, 
built  in  1570  by  Nicholas  Bathe,  and 
taken  down  in  1824. 

The  writer  of  the  article  on  Ath- 
carne Castle  is  mistaken  in  stating 
that  Knightstown,  the  property  of  Sir 
William  de  Bathe,  has  been  so  long 
possessed  by  the  family,  for  it  was 
not  until  about  the  year  1610  that  his 

Digitized  by  Google 


+  hia;lAaoTJlLBfl 


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1835.] 


Gravestone  at  Lacock  Abbey,  Wilts. 


377 


ancestor  Thomas  Bath  became  seized 
of  it.  The  families  of  Knightstown 
and  of  Athcarne  were  both  younger 
branches  of  the  Baths  of  Drumcondra, 
near  this  city,  which  from  the  year 
1350  they  made  their  chief  seat  of  re- 
sidence. On  the  failure  of  male  issue 
in  the  Athcarne  branch  in  1620,  that 
property,  by  family  settlement,  re- 
verted back  to  the  Drumcondra  line, 
from  which  I  am  descended. 

Sir  Peter  Bath  was  married  to  Mar- 
garet Talbot,  the  niece  of  Richard  Tal- 
bot, the  favourite  of  King  James,  who 
subsequently  created  him  Duke  of 
Tyrconnel,  and  appointed  him  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  Through  this 
influence  the  King,  even  before  he  had 


repealed  the  Act  of  Settlement,  re- 
stored Sir  Peter  to  his  estates.  Upon 
the  death  of  Sir  Peter  without  issue, 
his  cousin -german  (the  son  of  his 
uncle  Peter)  James  Bath,  my  great- 
grandfather, became  entitled  to  the 
estates  as  heir  at  law ;  but  the  widows 
of  Sir  Luke  and  Sir  Peter  thereupon, 
in  1693,  betrayed  the  possession  to  the 
Crown,  and  set  up  the  ninety-nine 
years'  lease  before- mentioned,  which 
was  allowed  in  1700  by  the  trustees 
of  forfeited  estates.  It  was  sold  in 
1703  to  Mr.  Somerville  (subject  how- 
ever to  the  lease),  as  part  of  the  pri- 
vate estate  forfeited  by  King  James. 

Joseph  Henry  Bath. 


GRAVESTONE  OP  ILDERT  DB  CHAZ. 

(With  a  Plate.) 


THE  accompanying  fac- simile  of 
this  very  curious  Inscription  has  been 
recently  published  in  Mr.  Bowles's 
*'  History  of  Lacock  Abbey,"  at  which 
place  the  original  is  preserved ;  and 


ling 


(in  Pegge's  Sylloge  of  Inscrip- 
tions, plates  i.  and  iii.) ;  but  none  of 
these  are  so  much  compressed  as  the 
epitaph  before  us  ;  and  the  only  in- 
scription which  in  this  respect  ap- 


we  have  been  induced  by  its  singula-  proaches  it,  is  that  on  the  dedication 

rity  to  transfer  it  to  our  pages.  stone  of  St.  George's,  South  war  k,  en- 

A  practice  of  which  instances  are  graved  in  Archsologia,  vol.  ii.  pi.  xiii., 

found  in  some  Roman  inscriptions,  Gough's  Monuments,  vol.  i.  pi.  iv., 

and  which  was  imitated  by  our  earliest  and  Pegge's  Sylloge,  p.  56.  The  epitaph 


monastic  scholars,  is  here  exhibited  in 
excess.  Within  such  letters  as  afford 
cavities  practicable  for  the  purpose, 
those  letters  which  immediately  follow 
are  placed  (in  small) ;  the  extent  of 
the  whole  being  thus  compressed  in  a 
surprising  degree,  at  the  same  time 
that  the  height  of  the  inscription  re- 
mains very  considerable,  and  is  there- 
fore more  visible  at  a  distance,  how- 
ever difficult  a  task  it  may  prove,  on 
closer  inspection,  to  decipher  it. 

Other  instances  of  this  species  of 
writing  are  the  epitaph  on  William 


at  Magdeburg,  in  Germany,  of  Edith, 
an  Anglo-Saxon  Princess  (though  sup- 
posed to  be  not  quite  so  ancient  as 
ner  time),  is  also  engraved  in  this 
style  ;  see  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
vol.  c.  i.  195.  In  the  epitaph  of  the 
Conqueror's  Queen,  at  Caen,  engraved 
in  the  Introduction  to  Stothard's  Mo- 
numental Effigies,  p.  3,  the  contrivance 
of  inserting  some  letters  in  small  is 
partially  adopted,  but  only  to  a  very 
moderate  extent. 

The  length  of  the  present  inscription 
is  4  feet  9  inches,  the  height  of  the 


Deincourt,  in  Lincoln  cathedral,  about  first  stroke  of  the  letter  H  is  six  inches, 

the  year  1 100  (engraved  in  Dugdale's  that  of  the  last  letter  D  3§  inches. 

Baronage,  Hearne's  Trivetus,  Gough's  When  read  at  length,  it  forms  these 

Monuments,  vol.  ii.  pi.  xiv.    Pegge's  two  Leonine  hexameters  : 


Sylloge  of  Inscriptions,  pi.  iv.)  ;  that 
of  Bishop  Roger,  at  Salisbury  Cathe- 
dral, 1139  (engraved  in  Archrcologia, 
vol.  ii.  pi.  13,  Gough's  Monuments, 
vol.  i.  pi.  iv.  Gough's  Camden,  vol.  i. 
pi.  xi.) ;  and  that  on  Archbishop  Theo- 
bald, at  Canterbury,  1161  (in  Archae- 
ologia,  vol.  xiv.  pi.  10)  ;  and  the  dedi- 
cation stones  of  Tewkesbury  and  Post- 
Gext.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Hie  jacet  Ilbertus    de  Chaz  bonitatc  rc- 
frrtua,  [dona. 
Qui  cum  Brotona    dedit  hie  perplurima 

The  monks  themselves  appear  to 
have  felt  that  this  puzzling  involution 
of  the  letters  was  here  carried  to  too 
great  an  extreme  ;  and  in  consequence 
they  had  the  inscription  repeated,  at 
length,  though  in  a  much  smaller  size, 

3  C 


Digitized  by  Google 


378 


Sepulchral  Inscription  to  Ilbertus  de  Chaz. 


[Oct. 


round  the  margin  of  the  stone.  With 
respect  to  this  smaller  inscription,  it 
is  worthy  of  observation  that  its  anti- 
qoity  is  probably  but  little  removed 
from  that  of  the  larger  one  :  from  fifty 
to  a  hundred  years  is  perhaps  all  the 
difference.  The  letters  are  all  squarer ; 
and  the  e  and  c  are  closed,  the  former 
taking  a  round  back,  as  is  usual  in 
what  are  termed  Lombardic  charac- 
ters ;  but  it  is  very  remarkable  that, 
in  one  pait  (near  the  centre  of  the  in- 
scription, when  the  carver  may  have 
been  doubtful  of  his  space)  the  con- 
tractions of  the  original  are  retained 
much  as  before, — in  the  words  rbper- 
tus,  qui  cum—  The  name  of  the 
party  is  in  the  smaller  inscription  spelt 
Chat,  though  in  the  larger  the  final 
letter  is  clearly  different,  and  may  be 
safely  read  as  z,  which  orthography  is 
supported  by  some  charters  which  will 
be  quoted  presently. 

This  curious  gravestone  was  brought 
to  light  at  Monkton  Farley  in  Wilt- 
shire, in  the  year  1744,  after  having 
been  buried  for  two  centuries ;  a  rabbit- 
warren  having  been  formed  over  the 
site  of  the  prior)'  church !  On  the 
ground  being  levelled,  in  the  year 
mentioned,  the  pavement  of  the  chan- 
cel appeared  nearly  complete,  and  seve- 
ral gravestones  and  skeletons  were  dis- 
closed. Two  of  the  former  were 
adorned  with  sculpture,  one  of  them 
representing  a  prior  named  Lawrence, 
and  the  other  a  man's  bust  and  a  lion, 
which,  from  its  situation  nearthe  altar, 
was  attributed  to  the  founder.  These, 
it  is  feared,  were  destroyed  ;  for  when 
Mr.  Gough  made  inquiry  respecting 
this  inscription  of  llbert  de  Chaz  in 
the  year  1772,  he  was  told  "  it  had 
lately  been  broken  to  pieces  *  to  mend 

*  Mr.  Gough  in  consequence  copied 
in  the  Archscologia,  vol.  li.  (in  illustra- 
tion of  an  essay  on  Bishop  Roger's  tomb 
at  Salisbury,  above  mentioned)  a  very 
imperfect  copy  of  this  inscription,  which 
had  been  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  March  1744,  shortly  after 
its  first  discovery.  See  the  account  of 
the  remains  in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xiv.  p. 
139,  copied  in  vol.  i.  of  Camden's  Bri- 
tannia, by  Gough.  The  plate  engraved 
for  the  ArchKulogia  is  also  printed  in 
Gough's  Camden,  vol.  i.  pi.  xi.  and  in  his 
Sepulchral  Monuments,  vol.  i.  pi.  iv. 
Though  Mr.  Gough  afterwards  heard  of 
the  original  being  at  Lacock,  he  appears 
never  to  have  seen  it,  nor  to  have  obtained 
a  correct  copy. 


the  roads  ! "  Such  was  probably  the 
fate  of  the  other  sepulchral  memorials ; 
but  the  unique  monument  before  us 
had  fortunately  been  removed  from 
the  power  of  the  destroyers,  having 
been  transferred  by  Lord  Webb  Sey- 
mour, the  owner  of  Farley,  to  the 
congenial  shades  of  Lacock  Abbey, 
where  it  is  now  carefully  preserved, 
but  little  injured  by  time  or  its  long 
interment. 

The  researches  of  Mr.  Stapleton  into 
the  records  of  Normandy,  have  deve- 
loped the  origin  and  history  of  llbert 
de  Chaz.  Cats  (as  it  is  now  written), 
the  place  from  which  he  derived  his 
name,  is  a  parish  in  the  arrondisse- 
roent  of  St.  Lo,  and  canton  of  Caren- 
tan.  St.  Georges  and  St.  Andre  de 
Bohon  are  parishes  in  the  same  canton. 
The  following  charter  is  from  the  car- 
tulary of  the  neighbouring  Abbey  of 
Montbourg : 

"  Notura  sit  omnibus  presentibus  et 
futuris  quod  ego  Ilbertus  de  Caz  do  et 
concedo  in  perpetuam  elemosinam  abbatie 
s'e'e  Marie  Montisburgi,  ecclesiam  de 
Caz,  cum  omnibus  ad  earn  pertincntibus, 
libcre  et  quiete,  pro  salute  anime  mee  et 
omnium  antecessorum  meorum,  conce- 
dentibus  domino  meo  Unfrido  de  Bohun, 
et  nepotibus  meis  Willelmo  de  Greinviil 
et  Bartholomeo  le  Bigot,  et  ut  firma  sit 
itnperpetuum  hsec  donatio  signo  dominice 
cruris  hanc  chartam  confirmo  et  munio 
coram  subscript  is  testibus,  Ilberto  -f-  L'n- 
frido  de  Bohun,  Bartholomeo  le  Bigot,  et 
multis  aliis."— (fol.  104.) 

Having  accompanied  the  Bobuns  to 
England,  llbert  was  enfeoffed  by  them 
in  Wiltshire :  and  the  following  ex- 
tracts from  the  Confirmation  charter 
to  Farley  priory  of  Humfrey  and  Mar- 
garet de  Bohun,  to  which  Ilbertus  de 
Chaz  is  himself  the  first  witness,  set 
forth  his  "  plurima  dona,"  and  prove 
the  justice  with  which  that  phrase 
was  employed  in  the  epitaph  : 

"  Prseterea  concedimus  eis  et  confinna- 
mus Broctonam,<\\i%xx\  Ilbertus  de  Chaz 
eis  dedit,  solutam  et  quietam  ab  omni  ser- 

vitio  ad  nos  pertinente   Et  deci- 

mam  de  Cluttona  cum  uno  homine  sex 
solidos  reddente  in  eadem  villa,  ex  dono 
Ilberti  de  Chaz,  et  ecclesiam  de  Feren- 
berga  post  mortem  Iiaraldi  presbyteri,  et 
ecclesiam  de  Cluttona,  ex  donatione  prse- 
dicti  Ilberti,  et  ex  dono  ipsius  decern  so- 
lidatas  teme  de  Hethesingtona  (to/  He- 
thelhamtune) . ' ' 

This  charter  not  only  fully  exhi- 

Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 

bits  the  "  many  gifts"  of  Ilbert  de 
Chaz ;  but  it  fixes  his  sera  as  a  con- 
temporary  of  Humfrey  de  Bohun  the 
Sewer  of  King  Henry  the  First,  who 
died  in  1185,  thus  showing  the  date 
of  this  very  ancient  and  curious  mo- 
nument. 

The  "  Brotona"  mentioned  in  the 
epitaph  is  Broughton  in  Wiltshire, 
near  Melksham,  and  the  manor  there 
given  by  Ilbert  de  Chaz  received  the 


37fr 

same  name  of  Monkton  which  was 
applied  to  Farley  itself.  In  1526,  as 
appears  from  a  roll  in  the  Augmenta- 
tion Office,  the  priory  received  from 
the  manor  of  Monketon  in  Broughton 
a  yearly  income  of  13/.  10*.  8d.,  from 
Clutton  4.8.,  from  Farneburgh  1 2*.  8(2., 
and  from  Hichilhamton  Ss. ;  so  that 
they  had  good  reason  to  preserve  the 
memory  of  this  liberal  benefactor. 

J.  G.  N. 


Ancient  Tenures  relating  to  Arcftery. 


ANCIENT  TENURES  RE 

IN  the  feudal  times,  when  persons 
held  estates,  lands,  &c.  of  the  kings  of 
England,  by  grand  and  petty  serjeantry, 
on  condition  of  performing  certain  ser- 
vices, the  Archer's  implements  were 
not  forgotten;  and  in  several  of  our 
ancient  histories  are  to  be  found  the 
descriptions  of  many  tenures  which 
relate  to  bows  and  arrows,  a  few  of 
which  we  extract  for  the  gratification 
of  the  curious  reader. 

The  first  we  meet  with  is  a  poetic 
charter,  said  to  have  been  granted  by 
William  the  Conqueror  to  the  Hopton 
family,  and  runs  thus': 

"  To  the  heyres  male  of  the  Hopton,  law- 
fully begotten, 

To  roe  and  to  myne, 

To  thee  and  to  thyne. 

While  the  water  runnes,  and  the  sun  doth 
shine ; 

For  lacke  of  heyres  to  the  kynge  againe. 

I  William,  kynge, 

In  the  third  yeare  of  my  reign, 

Give  to  thee  Norman  Hunter, 

To  me  that  art  deare, 

The  Hoppe  and  Hoptowne, 

And  all  the  bounds  up  and  downe, 

Under  the  earth  to  hell, 

Above  the  earth  to  heaven, 

From  mce  and  from  myne, 

To  thee  and  to  thyne, 

As  good  and  as  fayre, 

As  ever  they  myne  were, 

To  witness  this  is  sooth, 

I  byte  the  waxe  with  my  tooth, 

Before  Jngg,  Mar  ode,  and  Margerie, 

And  my  third  son  Henry, 

For  one  bowe  and  one  arrows, 

When  I  come  to  hunt  upon  Yarrow. 

Aston  Cantlou,  county  of  Warwick. 
This  manor  was  held  of  the  king  in 
capite,  by  the  service  of  finding  a  foot 
soldier,  with  a  bow  without  a  string, 
with  a  helmet  or  cap,  for  40  days,  as 
often  as  there  shall  be  a  war  in  Wales. 


•ATI NO  TO  ARCHERY. 

Auri  and  Hole.  Walter  Aungerin 
held  one  caracute  of  land  in  Auri  and 
Hole,  in  the  county  of  Devon,  by  ser- 
jeantry, that  whensoever  the  king 
should  hunt  in  the  Forest  of  Exmore, 
he  should  find  for  him  two  barbed  ar- 
rows. 

Bicknor.  Cecilia  Much  grove  held 
the  manor  of  Bicknor,  in  the  county  of 
Gloucester,  by  the  service  of  fifteen 
shillings,  to  be  paid  yearly,  viz.  by  the 
serjeantry  of  keeping  a  certain  wood, 
in  the  Forest  of  Deane,  by  means  of 
one  man  with  a  bow  and  arrow. 

BUvulford  Bryan.  Eve,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Ralph  de  Stopham,  ac- 
knowledged to  hold  as  of  the  inherit- 
ance of  the  said  Eve,  a  certain  tene- 
ment in  Blandford  Bryan,  in  the  county 
of  Dorset,  of  the  king  in  capite,  by  the 
service  of  finding  for  the  king,  in  his 
army  in  Wales,  one  footman,  with  a 
bow  without  a  string,  and  an  arrow 
without  feathers. 

Bradeford.  Ralph  de  Stopham  held 
a  fee  of  the  Earl  of  Winchester,  at 
Bradeford,  in  the  county  of  Wilts, 
6/.  13*.  4d.  yearly  rent  of  assize,  and 
he  was  to  find  for  the  said  manor,  one 
footman  to  serve  the  king  with  a  bow 
and  arrow  for  40  days,  at  the  costs  of 
the  said  Ralph. 

Brinetton,  county  of  Chester.  This 
manor  is  held  of  the  king  in  capite,  by 
the  service  of  finding  a  man  in  the 
army  of  the  king,  going  into  Scotland, 
barefoot,  clothed  with  a  waistcoat  (or 
shirt)  and  breeches  (or  drawers)  having 
in  one  hand  a  bow  without  a  string,  and 
in  the  other  an  arrow  unfeathered. 

Brudeley.  Ralph  de  (le)  Fletcher 
held  in  the  town  of  Brudeley,  in  the 
county  of  Lincoln,  one  messuage  and 
two  oxgangs  of  land,  and  six  acres  of 
wood,  with  the  appurtenances,  of  the 
king  in  capitet  by  the  service  of  paying 


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380 


Ancient  Tenures  relating  to  Archery. 


[Oct. 


yearly  twenty  Jtetched  arrows  at  the 
Exchequer. 

Bryanston.  Ralph  de  Stephen,  held 
the  manor  of  Bryanston,  in  the  county 
of  Dorset,  by  the  serjeantry  of  finding 
the  king,  as  often  as  he  should  lead  his 
English  army  into  Wales,  a  boy  carry- 
ing a  bow  without  a  string,  and  an 
arrow  unfeathered,  at  his  own  proper 
costs. 

Chettington.  Roger  Corbet  held  the 
manor  of  Chettington,  in  the  county 
of  Salop,  of  the  king  in  capite,  by  the 
service  of  finding  one  footman,  in  time 
of  war,  in  the  king's  array  in  Wales, 
with  one  bow  and  three  arrows,  and 
one  pale,  and  carrying  with  him  one 
bacon,  or  salted  hog ;  and  when  he 
comes  to  the  army,  delivering  to  the 
king's  marshal  a  moiety  of  the  bacon; 
and  thence  the  marshal  was  to  deliver 
to  him  daily  some  of  that  moiety  for 
his  dinner  so  long  as  he  stayed  in  the 
army;  and  he  was  to  follow  the  army 
so  long  as  that  half  of  the  bacon  should 
last. 

Colewyke,  or  Over-Colewick.  Regi- 
nald de  Colewyke  owes,  for  the  ser- 
jeantry of  Colewyke,  to  the  king,  on 
his  arrival  at  Nottingham,  once  a  year 
twelve  arrows.  He  also  held  lands  in 
Over-Colewick,  of  the  king  in  capite, 
by  the  service  of  paying  him  twelve 
barbed  arrows  when  he  should  come  to 
Nottingham  Castle. 

Cote  and  Aston.  Robert  de  Elenorde 
held,  the  day  he  died,  in  his  demesne, 
as  of  fee,  52  acres  of  land,  and  six 
acres  of  meadow,  in  Cote  and  Aston, 
in  the  county  of  Oxford,  of  the  king  in 
capite,  by  the  service  of  being  with  a 
bow  and  arrows,  or  any  other  weapons, 
in  every  of  the  wars  of  our  lord  the 
king,  within  England,  for  40  days  at 
his  proper  costs. 

Daggeworth.  Nicholas  de  Dagge- 
worth,  son  and  heir  to  John  de  Dagge- 
worth, gave  to  our  lord  the  king  three 
fletched  arrows,  feathered  with  eagle's 
feathers,  for  his  relief  for  certain  lands, 
&c.  in  Daggeworth,  which  the  said 
John  held  of  the  king  in  capite,  by 
the  service  of  three  fletched  arrows, 
feathered  with  eagle's  feathers,  to  be 
paid  to  the  king  yearly. 

Drakelow.  William  de  Gresley,  as 
far  back  as  1200,  held  the  manor  of 
Drakelow,  in  Derbyshire,  in  capite, 
and  paid  one  bow  without  a  string,  and 
one  quiver  of  Tutesbir,  (made  at  Tut- 


bury)  and  twelve  arrows,  fledged  or 
feathered,  and  one  unfeathered. 

Droscumbe.  Walter  de  Bromhall 
held  certain  lands  in  Droscumbe,  in 
Devonshire,  by  the  serjeantry  of  find- 
ing for  the  king,  whensoever  he  should 
hunt  in  the  forest  of  Dartmoor,  one 
bow  and  three  barbed  arrows. 

East  Smithjield.  Thomas  de  Meose 
held  a  messuage,  and  one  water  mill, 
and  eight  acres  of  meadow,  with  the 
appurtenances,  in  East  Smithfield,  Lon- 
don, by  the  service  of  finding  for  the 
king  a  footman,  with  a  bow  and  arrows, 
for  forty  days  at  his  own  charge,  in 
the  Tower  of  London,  in  the  time  of 
war. 

Gradele.  Ralph  de  Fletcher  holds 
eight  pounds  of  land  in  Gradele,  in 
Lincolnshire,  of  the  gift  of  the  king, 
by  the  payment  of  four  marks  yearly, 
and  two  oxgangs  of  land,  for  twenty 
fletched  arrows. 

Grendon.  Amory  de  St.  Amandc 
held  the  manor  of  Grindon,  in  the 
county  of  Bucks,  and  theadvowson  of 
the  church  of  Beckley,  in  Oxfordshire, 
by  the  petty  serjeantry  of  furnishing  the 
lord  of  the  honor  with  one  bow  of  ebony 
and  two  arrows,  yearly,  or  sixteen- 
pence  in  money. 

Hale.  William  de  Hale  pays  to  the 
king  9*.  lrf.  for  his  relief  for  certain 
parts  of  his  serjeantry  which  he  holds 
of  the  king  in  capite,  in  Hale,  in 
Northamptonshire,  for  which  he  is  to 
follow  the  king  in  his  army  in  England, 
with  a  bow  and  two  arrows  for  forty 
days. 

Harlereet.  Sir  John  de  Charlton, 
of  Apley,  knight,  held,  the  day  he  died, 
the  manor  of  Harkercet,  to  him  and 
the  heirs  of  his  body,  by  finding  one 
footman,  with  a  bow  and  three  arrows, 
when  the  king  should  go  into  Wales, 
in  the  time  of  war,  to  abide  with  the 
king  until  the  said  arrows  should  have 
been  drawn  upon  the  enemies  of  our 
lord  the  king. 

Hornet.  King  Henry  V.  granted  to 
Sir  William  Hungerford,  the  castle  and 
barony  of  Hornet,  in  Normandy,  in 
special  tail ;  rendering  to  the  king  and 
his  heirs  one  lance,  with  a  fox  tail 
hanging  thereat  yearly,  and  findingtwo 
men  at  arms,  and  twenty  archers,  to 
serve  him  or  his  lieutenant  during  his 
wars  in  France. 

Horwood.  John  Bradshaw  held 
one  acre  and  a  half  of  land,  ice.  in  the 


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1835.] 

tow  a  of  Horwood,  in  Lancashire,  of 
Sir  Edward  Trafford,  knight,  in  socage, 
by  rendering  one  iron  arrow  to  be  paid 
yearly,  and  to  be  worth  3».  Ad. 

Hunshelfe.  A  farm,  called  Unshri- 
ven  Bridge,  in  Hunshelfe,  in  the  parish 
of  Penistone,  in  Yorkshire,  pays  yearly 
to  Godfrey  Bosville,  esq.  of  Gunth- 
waite,  in  the  same  parish,  two  broad- 
headed  and  feathered  arrows. 

La  Barr.  Morinus  de  la  Barr  held 
eight  acres  of  land  at  La  Barr,  in  De- 
vonshire, of  the  king  in  capite,  by  the 
serjeantry  of  paying  him  one  salmon, 
and  two  barbed  arrows,  whensoever  he 
should  hunt  in  the  forest  of  Exraore. 

Lanton*  The  Baskervilles  anciently 
held  lands  at  Lantern,  in  Herefordshire, 
in  chief,  as  of  the  honour  of  Montgo- 
mery, by  the  service  of  giving  the  king 
a  barbed-headed  arrow,  when  he  came 
to  hunt  in  Corndon  Chase. 

Laton.  In  the  fourth  year  of  the 
pontificate  of  Bishop  Hatfield,  1348, 
Peter  de  Brackenbury,  and  Agnes  his 
wife,  held  the  manor  of  Laton,  in  the 
county  of  Durham,  of  Robert  de  Mun- 
devill,  and  his  heirs,  rendering  every 
year  to  the  same  Robert  one  barbed 
arrow  for  all  services. 

Letre.  Robert  de  Eylesford  held 
three  yards  of  land  in  Lewe,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford,  of  the  king,  by  the 
service  of  rinding  a  man,  with  a  6010 
and  arrows,  for  forty  days,  at  his  proper 
costs,  whensoever  it  should  happen 
that  the  king  went  into  Wales  with  his 
array. 

Limpstone.  Geoffrey  de  Alba-marlia 
(D'Aumarle),  amongst  other  things, 
held  the  hamlet  of  Limpstone,  Devon- 
shire, of  the  king,  in  capite,  rendering 
to  the  king,  as  often  as  he  should  hunt 
in  the  forest  of  Dartmoor,  one  loaf  of 
oat  bread  of  the  value  of  half  a  far- 
thing, and  three  barbed  arrows,  feather- 
ed with  peacocks'  feathers,  and  upon 
the  loaf  the  price  to  be  marked. 

Mnestokes.  John  le  Roche,  who 
married  Alicia,  the  daughter  and  heir 
of  William  de  la  Tour,  made  fine  with 
the  king  by  40*.  for  the  relief  of  her, 
the  said  Alicia,  for  one  tenement  in 
Menestokes,  in  Hampshire,  held  of 
the  king,  in  capite,  by  the  service  of 
finding;  one  archer  in  the  army  of  the 
king,  for  forty  days,  at  the  cost  of  the 
king. 


381 

Oketon  and  Dalton.  Anketil  Malore 
held  certain  land  and  ten  shillings  rent, 
in  Oketon  and  Dalton,  in  Yorkshire, 
by  serjeantry  to  the  king  by  archery ; 
which  land  the  king  gave  to  the  said 
Anketil  in  marriage,  with  the  daughter 
and  heir  of  William  de  Maletorp ;  and 
he  holds  the  aforesaid  land  of  one  ar- 
chery for  rinding  an  esquire  to  keep 
the  castle  of  York,  in  the  time  of  war, 
for  forty  days,  at  his  own  proper 
charge. 

Oxspring.  In  the  year  1572,  John 
Waynwright,  of  Wytwell  Hall,  paid 
to  Godfrey  Bosville,  esq.  lord  of  the 
manor  of  Oxspring,  in  Yorkshire,"  two 
grette  brode  arrows,  wel  hedyd  and  bar- 
by  d  orderly." 

Redburyh.  Roger  Bandet  held  a 
certain  serjeantry  in  Rcdburgh,  in  the 
county  of  Hants,  for  which  he  was  to 
pay  yearly,  at  the  exchequer,  one  hun- 
dred barbed  arrows.  And  he  also  held 
a  yard  of  land  in  Yentis  and  Andover, 
in  the  said  county,  by  the  like  service. 

Savoy,  London.  Henry  111.  granted 
to  Peter  of  Savoy,  uncle  to  his  Queen 
Elinor,  daughter  of  Berenger  of  Pro- 
vence, all  the  houses  upon  the  Thames, 
where  the  Savoy  palace  afterwards 
stood,  to  hold  to  him  and  his  heirs, 
yielding  yearly  to  the  Exchequer, 
three  barbed  arrows  for  all  services. 

Seiredun  and  Siplegh.  David  de 
Seiredun  held  lands  in  Seiredun  and 
Siplegh,  in  Devonshire,  of  the  king, 
by  the  service  of  finding  two  arrows, 
when  the  king  should  come  to  hunt  in 
the  forest  of  Dartmoor. 

Sibertoft.  This  manor  was  held  by 
Nicholas  le  Archer,  by  the  service  of 
carrying  the  king's  bow  through  all  the 
forests  in  England. 

Southmolton,  olim  Snow  Molton,  De- 
vonshire.  This  town  was  formerly  held 
by  the  Martyns,  by  serjeantry  to  find 
a  man,  with  a  bow  and  three  arrows, 
to  attend  the  Earl  of  Gloucester  when 
he  should  hunt  thereabouts. 

Sutton.  This  manor  being  within 
the  purlieus  of  the  forest  of  Maccles* 
field,  in  the  county  of  Chester,  was 
held  formerly  by  the  service  of  free 
forestry,  by  which  its  owner  was  bound 
to  follow  the  king's  standard  in  war, 
with  the  same  arms  (bows  and  arrows) 
with  which  he  guarded  his  bailiwick 
of  the  forest. 


Ancient  Tenures  relating  to  Archery. 


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aS2  Funeral  of  Sir  Henry  Sydney,  in  K.  G.  1586.  [Oct. 


Sythinge.  John,  son  and  heir  of 
William  de  Calthorpe,  held  of  the  king 
in  capite,  one  messuage  and  fifty  acres 
of  land,  in  Sythinge,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  by  the  service  of  finding  one 
barbed  arrow,  of  the  price  of  a  penny, 
to  be  paid  to  the  king  yearly,  by  the 
hands  of  the  sheriff. 

Theobalds.  In  the  year  1441,  the. 
manor  of  Theobalds,  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  being  then  vested  in  the 
crown,  was  granted  to  John  Carpenter, 
master  of  St.  Anthony's  Hospital,  in 
London,  John  Somerset,  chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  and  John  Carpenter, 
jun.  to  be  held  of  the  crown  by  the 


annual  tender  of  a  bow,  valued  at  2*., 
and  a  baibed  arrow,  value  3d. 

Upton.  Walkerin  de  Fabric*  held 
one  yard  of  land  in  Upton,  in  Glou- 
cestershire, by  the  serjeantry  of  pay- 
ing, at  the  manor  house,  two  hundred 
arrow  heads. 

Wrotting.  Walter  Pychard,  of  Wrot- 
ting,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  held  I  no 
acres  of  land,  of  the  king  in  chief,  by 
the  serjeantry  of  finding  for  him  one 
footman,  with  a  bow  and  four  arrows, 
as  often  as  the  king  went  into  Wales 
with  his  army,  for  forty  days,  at  his 
proper  cost. 

Jt^itnlico.  F.  O. 


FUNERAL  OF  8IK  HENRY 

THE  names  of  Sydney  and  Peushurst 
are  so  familiar,  that  it  is  scarcely  ne- 
cessary to  make  any  observations  to 
introduce  the  curious  document  which 
we  now  publish,  from  the  MS.  Lans- 
downe  50,  art.  88. 

It  is  well  known  that  Sir  Henry  Sid- 
ney, K.G.  was  the  father  of  the  ac- 
complished Sir  Philip.  In  his  arms 
King  Edward  the  Sixth  breathed  his 
last.  He  was  for  eight  years  Chief 
Governor  of  Ireland  ;  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  held  the  office  of  Lord 
Deputy  of  Wales,  dying  at  Worcester, 
in  the  vicinity  of  his  seat  of  govern- 
ment. There  is  a  portrait  of  him  at 
Petworth,  which  is  engraved  in  Har- 
ding's "  British  Cabinet,"  1799. 

The  magnificent  scale  of  expenditure 
exhibited  in  this  account,  the  feasting, 
the  alms,  and  other  characteristic 
particulars,  will  have  their  interest 
with  the  student  of  antient  manners. 


Chardges  and  expensies  in  fetchinge 
of  the  corps  of  Sr.  H.  Sydney,  Knight 
of  the  Order,  deceased,  from  the  cittie 
of  Worcesterto  his  manor  of  Penshurst, 
in  the  countie  of  Kent.  The  corps  be- 
ing attended  upon  by  dyvers  of  the 
counsell  in  the  Marches  of  Wales, 
some  of  his  kinsmen,  allies,  and  ser- 
vauntes  to  the  number  of  cxl,le  horsses 
at  least  thorough  all  the  jorney,  as 
hereafter  apereth,  viz. 

ix°  Junii,  1586. 

P*  for  a  coache  for  the  carriage  of 
the  saied  S\  H.  from  Worcester  to 
Penshurst,  viij". 


SYDNEY,  K.O.  IN  153G. 

P*  for  the  charges  of  diett  and  horse- 
meate  for  Wm.  Pratt  and  his  two  ser- 
vauntes  and  xxviij.  of  the  servauntes 
of  the  saied  Sr.  H.  going  from  London 
to  Worcester,  to  attende  upon  the  corps 
from  thence  to  Penshurst,  as  by  the 
bill  of  particulars  appereth,  xxij".  xij*. 
iiij4. 

xiiij*  Junij,  158C. 

P"1  for  supper  and  diner  at  Woor- 
cester,  as  well  for  the  councell  and  all 
the  officers  of  the  courte,  as  for  the 
townes  men  and  straungers,  the  night 
and  morninge  before  the  corps  remov- 
inge  from  thence,  as  bv  the  bill  of  per- 
ticlars  aperethe,  xxiiij".  xij\  xd. 
xv°  Junii,  1586. 

D6  to  Person  commaunder  to  dis- 
tribute to  the  poore  at  Worcester,  the 
day  of  the  departure  of  the  corps,  iiijtt. 

Imprested  to  Christopher  Wrenne 
for  stable  chardgs  for  the  whole  jorney, 
as  by  bill  of  particulars  aperethe, 
xlviij".  xvij§.  ij*. 

P*  for  writinge  paper  there,  xija. 

P"1  to  Mr.  Crossebye,  of  Worcester, 
for  the  hyeringe  of  bayes  and  cotton 
to  hange  the  howse  there,  xxxij».  vijd. 

Geven  to  the  porter's  man  at  Wor- 
cester, at  the  departinge  of  the  corps 
from  thence,  iij*.  vjd. 

Geven  to  the  beademen  there,  xiij1. 

..... 
nijd. 

Geven  to  the  ringers  of  the  severail 
parishes  at  Woorcester,  xx\ 

Geven  to  the  cannons,  singinge  men, 
and  other  officers  of  the  cathedrall 
churche  there,  xxxiij\  iiijd. 

Geven  to  Roger  Barbor,  in  consider- 


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1835.]  Funeral  of  Sir  Henry  Sydney,  K.  G.  in  1586. 


383 


acion  of  bis  attendaunce  aboute  my 
Lo.  in  his  sickness,  va. 

Geven  to  dyvers  poore  men  for  help- 
ing of  the  corps  into  the  coachc,  ij».  ixd. 

P*  for  myne  own  horsemeate,  shew- 
inge,*  and  rewards  in  the  howsse  dur- 
inge  myne  aboade  at  Woorcestor,  xx». 

Geven  to  ringers  by  the  way  betwixt 
Woorcestor  and  Eveshame,  xviijd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  by  the  way,  ij». 
xvj°  Junij,  1586. 

Geven  to  the  ringers  at  Eveshame, 

Paid  to  watchmen  watchinge  the 
corps  there,  ij\ 

Geven  to  the  poore  of  the  towne 
there,  x\ 

Paid  for  the  supper  over  night  of  the 
conn  cell  and  the  whole  trayne  there, 
as  by  bill  of  particulers  aperethe,  xiiju. 
vij*.  yjd. 

Paid  for  myne  owne  horsseraeate 
there  all  night,  and  shewinge,  v«.  iiijd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  in  severall  townes 
by  the  way,  betwixt  Eveshame  and 
Chippinge  Norton,  xv*. 

Geven  to  the  ringers  by  the  way,  vj». 

Pd  for  dinner  for  the  whole  trayne 
baytinge  at  Chippinge  Norton,  as  by 
the  bill  of  the  perticlers  aperethe,  viij". 

XV  IJ*. 

P*  for  my  horssemeate  and  rewarde 
at  batte,  iij\  iiijd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  there  and  by  the 
way  from  thence  to  Oxfford,  xv». 

Geven  to  the  ringers  at  Chippinge 
Norton,  iij".  vjd. 

P4  for  drincke  by  the  way,  xijd. 
xvij°  Junij,  1586. 

Geven  to  musicions  playenge  to  the 
councell  at  Oxford,  ij'.  vjd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  and  to  poore 
scollers  at  Oxfford,  xxiij*.  iiij4. 

P*  for  blacke  sarcenett  for  a  banner 
for  the  trompett,  vj\ 

P*  for  chardges  of  supper  and  din- 
ner at  Oxfford  for  the  whole  trayne,  as 
by  the  bill  of  perticlers  aperethe,  xixu. 
xV  viijd. 

Geven  to  the  servaunts  of  the  howse 
in  reward  there,  iij».  vjd. 

Geven  to  the  ringers  there,  vj1. 

P1  for  myne  owne  horssemeate  there, 
iiij-. 

Geven  to  H.  Dillon,  Fra.  Sydney ,f 
and  others,  for  epitaphs  upon  my  Lo. 
by  consent  of  the  councell,  xxx*. 

•  Shoeing  of  the  horses, 
f  Francis  Sydney,  of  Christ  Church, 
was  Proctor  of  the  University  in  1599. 


xviij°  Junii,  1586. 

Geven  to  the  poore  betwixt  Oxfford 
and  Wickhame,  iij*.  vjd. 

Geven  to  Wm.  Joanes,  the  ffoote- 
man,  to  buy  him  shewes,  xviijd. 

P-  for  charges  of  supper  and  dinner 
att  Wickhame,  as  by  the  bill  of  the 
perticlers  apereth,  xviijd.  vij\  vijd. 

Gtven  in  rewarde  to  the  servaunts 
there,  iiij".  vjd. 

P-  for  myne  owne  horssemeate  there 
and  mending  of  saddles,  V. 

Geven  to  the  poore  of  the  towne 
there,  xiij\  iiijd. 

Geven  to  the  bell  ringers  there,  iij*. 

•  •  •  •  k 

injd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  betwixt  Wick- 
hame and  Kingston,  on  the  way,  va. 
xix°  Junij,  1586. 

P"1  to  a  smithe  for  dressinge  and 
curinge  of  my  sicke  horsse,  at  King- 
ston, v*. 

Geven  to  the  viccar  of  Kingston,  by 
commaundment  of  the  councell,  for  a 
custome  challenged  by  him,  x*. 

P*  for  dinner  and  supper  at  Kings- 
ton, as  by  bill  of  the  perticlers  thereof 
aperethe,  xxju.  xv\  iiijd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  at  Kingston, 

Xllj».  llljd. 

Geven  to  the  bell  ringers  there, 
ij'.  vjd. 

Geven  to  the  poore  betwixt  Kings- 
ton and  Croydon,  vj\ 

Geven  to  the  ringers  at  Michame, 

lj\  VJd. 

xx°  Junij,  1586. 
Geven  to  the  poore  at  Croydon,  xvj». 
viijd. 

P*  for  chardges  of  supper  and  dinner 
of  the  whole  trayne  at  Croydon,  as  by 
bill  of  perticlers  aperethe,  xxu.  xvj*. 

P*  for  my  horssemeate  and  drench- 
inge  of  a  sicke  horsse  there,  v*. 

P*  for  dinners  of  divers  of  my  Lo: 
men,  cominge  after  the  reckninge  made, 
vj'. 

Geven  to  the  bell  ringers  at  several 
parishes  betwixt  Croydon  and  Pens- 
nurst,  viij*. 

Geven  to  the  poore  by  the  way,  iiij». 

P4  for  shewes  [shoes]  for  John 
Powell,  footeman,  xviijd. 

xxj  Junij,  1586. 

Sumraa  totalis  of  the  chardges  and 
expenses  aforesaied  in  bringingeof  the 
corps  of  the  saied  Sr  H.  Sydney  from 
Worcester  to  Penshurst,  am°  to  ccxxx ». 
xvj\  vijd. 


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384                      The  Peking  Gazette.— Adversaria.  [Oct. 

Mr  Urban          (blotter  Terrace,  On  perusing  the  Correspondence  be  - 

H ox  ton,  Aug.  10.  tween  the  Chinese  authorities,  and  the 

WITH  reference  to  some  paragraphs  late  Lord  Napier,  there  appeared  to 
in  an  article  in  your  last  Number,  me  to  be  an  allusion  to  this  practice 
under  the  title  of  British  relations  of  reporting  in  such  passages  as  the 
with  China  (p.  132),  it  may  not  be  following,  "we  can  only  make  a  full 
unacceptable  to  your  readers  to  be  report  of  all  to  the  Emperor,  and  re- 
made acquainted  with  the  practice  of  spectfully  await  his  orders :"  nor  is  it 
the  Chinese  Government,  in  diffusing  improbable  that  these  passages  were 
a  knowledge  of  public  events  over  the  expected  to  excite  in  his  Lordship's 
Empire.  mind  apprehensions  respecting  the 

The  vehicle  employed  for  that  pur-  consequence  of  having  his  alleged  in- 

pose  is  the  Peking  Gazette ;  which  is  trusion  into  China  published  all  over 

published  at  Peking,  and  called  King-  the  Empire. 

paon,  the  messenger  of  the  capital.  These  full  reports  being  thus  from 

The  information  which  this  Gazette  time  to  time  recorded  in  the  Gazette, 

contains  is  derived  according  to  the  constitute  it  a  repository  out  of  which 

report  of  persons  resident  in  China,  the  annals  of  the  Government  and 

from  the  highest  authority,  in  the  the  history  of  the  Empire  are  from 

following  manner.    The  supreme  tri-  time  to  time  compiled, 

bunal  of  the  Empire,  in  which  the  The  reports  of  the  provincial  officers 

six  ministers  sit,  is  in  the  interior  of  during  many  centuries  past,  have  oc- 

the  imperial  palace  at  Peking.  casionally  contained  interesting  notices 

This  tribunal  is  constantly  employed  of  natural  phaenomena  which  have 

in  preparing  ordinances,  which  are  been  thus  preserved, 

submitted  for  the  examination  and  ap-  The  inhabitants  of  Peking  have  the 

probation  of  the  Emperor  ;  who  also  Gazette  circulated  among  them,  daily, 

receives  daily  the  reports  of  the  pro-  at  an  expense  of  one  Tact  and  an  ounce 

vincial  authorities,  and  military  com-  of  silver,  or  about  105.  per  annum, 

manders.    On  these  several  commu-  Private  persons,  of  competent  means, 

nications  his  imperial  majesty  decides,  who  are  resident  in  the  provinces,  re- 

and  from  his  decisions  ample  extracts,  ceive  it  periodically  ;  but  not  daily,  as 

containing  abstract  statements  of  all  there' is  no  daily  post,  excepting  that 

decrees  and  ordinances,  on  the  affairs  supported  by  the  provincial  authorities 

decided,  are  made  on  the  following  for  their  official  use. 

morning,  and  posted  up  on  a  board  in  Thomas  Fisher. 
the  court  yard  of  the  palace.    AH  the 
public  offices  and  establishments  at 

Peking  are  ordered  to  make  copies  of  ADVERSARIA, 

these  statements,  and  to  preserve  them  „T .  „  , 

in  their  archives;  and  the  public  func-  WAS  JuDA  .a  Mauritanian 

tionaries  in  the  provinces  receive  them  name'  ors  waf  ȣ  "^t  rather  a  Roman- 

by  means  of  post  messengers,  which  'f  d,one  *  f  er*aPs  l.u  'eal  form  ™* 

they  respectively  maintain   as   the  Ayuh  or  Yub,  the  oriental  appellation 

media  of  communication  with  the  ca-  °f  J°8'  a  common  name  among  the 

pital.    In  order  that  the  people  also  Arabians  and  perhaps  not  unknown 

may  obtain  a  knowledge  of  the  pro-  amonS       ancient  Moors, 

grcss  of  public  affairs,  the  posted  ex-  ~         ,   _  ... 

tracts  are,  with  the  permission  of  the  CowPcr  8  fine  monX  hnc' 

government,  printed  entire  at  Peking,  44  ******  in       life  brecd  errora  in  A« 

without  a  single  word  being  changed,  brain:" 

or  a  single  subject  omitted.    Such  is  has  a  parallel  in  M.  Villemain's  Prize 

the  origin  of  the  Peking  Gazette;  which  Essay  on  Criticism:  "A  force  d'a- 

contains  not  only  the  record  of  ap-  buser  de  sa  conscience,  on  parvient  a 

pointments   to   offices,    promotions,  se  fausser  l'esprit." 

sentences,  and  punishments,  but  full   

reports  of  the  different  branches  of  Heercn,  in  his  work  on  Greece  (p. 

the  public  administration,   together  43,  chap.  3),  has  made  a  remark, 

with  the  reports  made  by  the  imperial  which  deserves  to  be  widely  circulated, 

officers  on  particular  events.  and  well  considered,  especially  in  the 


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18350 


385 


present  day.  *'  It  has  been  wisely  or- 
dained by  the  Author  of  our  being, 
that  the  feelings  of  religion  can  be 
developed,  and  thus  the  character  of 
our  existence  ennobled,  even  before  a 
high  degree  of  knowledge  has  been 
attained.  It  would  be  difficult,  and 
perhaps  impossible,  to  find  a  nation 
which  can  show  no  traces  of  religion ; 
and  there  never  vet  has  been,  nor  can 
there  be,  a  nation  in  which  the  re- 
verence for  a  Superior  Being  was  not 
the  fruit  of  a  refined  philosophy." 

It  has  been  stated  by  Capt.  Kotze- 
bue,  that  the  Missionaries  had  nearly 
depopulated  the  island  of  Otaheite  by 
instigating  wars,  and  that  they  taught 
the  natives  no  arts  or  sciences,  but 
merely  superstition.    The  contrary  is 
actually  and  eminently  the  case.  When 
the  exiles  landed  in  Otaheite,  under 
the  guidance  of  the  Missionaries,  they 
received  their  enemies'  fire,  without 
returning  it,  and  this  noble  act  of  for- 
bearance first  induced  a  favourable 
feelingtoward  Christianity  in  the  island. 
So  far  from  their  depopulating  the 
islands  of  the  South  Sea,  it  is  the  tes- 
timony of  Tati,  the  chief  of  Papara,  in 
his  conversation  with  Mr.  Davies, 
that "  if  God  had  not  sent  his  Word 
at  the  time  he  did,  wars,  infant  mur- 
der, human  sacrifices,  &c.  would  have 
made  an  end  of  the  small  remnant  of 
the  population."    (See  Ellis's  Polyne- 
sian Researches,  2d  edit.  vol.  i.  p.  104.) 
As  for  their  teaching  superstition,  the 
best  answer  is,  that  they  eradicated 
many  superstitions.    Little  progress 
could  reasonably  be  expected  in  the 
arts  and  sciences,  when  it  is  only  ten 
or  twelve  years  ago,  that  the  natives 
knew  nothing  but  their  own  rude  em- 
ployments, and  the  vices  which  they 
had  imbibed   from  Europeans.  To 
have  made  a  road  already  round  the 
island  of  O  h*  '*e,  is  no  mean  pro- 
gress in  the  ust.uf  *rts,  and  this  was 
done  by  ?    arc,  the  late  king.  There 
is  great  reason  to  fear,  lest  the  good 
effects  of  the  Missionaries'  labour 
should  be  materially  impaired  through 
the  introduction  of  ardent  spirits,  by 
the  unprincipled  crews  of  European 
vessels. 

One  of  the  latest  instances  of  the 
word  learn  being  used  as  a  synonym 
for  teach,  occurs  in  Stanyan'a  History 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


of  Greece,  vol.  i.  p.  84.  "  He  (Ly- 
curgua)  laid  down  other  general  max- 
ims, in  the  nature  of  laws :  as  that 
they  should  not  often  make  war  upon 
the  same  enemies,  for  fear  of  learning 
them  their  discipline,  until  in  time 
they  came  to  be  their  aggressors."— 
This  use  of  the  word  is  now  quite  ex- 
ploded. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  volumes 
I  know  of,  is  the  History  of  Corsica, 
entitled,  "  Memoirea  pour  servir  k 
l'histoire  de  Corse,"  1768.  The  au- 
thor was  Frederick,  son  of  Theodore 
King  of  Corsica.  Of  course,  it  con- 
tains the  most  favourable  account  of 
that  adventurer,  but  one  which  can 
hardly  be  read  without  emotion.  Fre- 
derick always  preferred  being  called 
by  that,  his  Christian  name,  to  the 
family  appellation  of  NeuhofF,  perhaps 
regarding  himself  as  Prince  Frederick. 
His  end#  was  as  melancholy  as  his 
father's ;  but  as  the  family  had  ceased 
to  possess  any  political  importance,  it 
excited  less  attention.  The  book  ends 
with  a  French  translation  of  Horace 
Walpole's  celebrated  epitaph  on  Theo- 
dore, f 

Le  tombeau  reunit,  c'st  la  commune  loi, 
Le  heros,  le  captif,  le  mendicant,  le  roi ; 
Mais  Theodore  spul  avant  1'heure  fatalc 
Franchit  de  ces  /:tats  le  distant  intervalle, 
Et  le  sort  enters  loi  liberal,  inhumain, 
Lui  fit  don  d'un  royaume,  et  refusa  du 
pain. 

The  book  is  not  written  in  the  purest 
French,  and  contains  some  misprints, 
which  are  not  surprising,  considering 
the  slender  means  of  the  author. 


It  is  surprising,  how  many  histories 
of  Greece  were  published  in  England 
during  the  last  century.  Stanyan, 
Goldsmith,  Gast,  Gillies,  Mitford  (the 
publication  of  which  commenced  within 
that  period),  and  Rutherford ;  not  to 
mention  that  part  of  the  Universal  His- 
tory which  comprises  Greece,  Young's 
History  of  Athens,  and  the  transla- 
tions of  Rollin.  Professor  Heeren  re- 
marks that,  among  the  moderns,  the 
English  have  treated  the  subject  of 
Grecian  history  with  most  success. 

*  See  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  Feb. 
1797,  p.  172. 

t  Ibid.  p.  173.  It  is  in  St.  Anne's 
church,  Soho. 

3D 


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3Sf, 


It  is  not  generally  observed,  that 
one  of  the  posterity  of  Hercules  oc- 
curs among  the  seven  kings  of  Rome. 
This  was  Tarquinius  Priscus,  whose 
father  Demaratus  was  of  the  family  of 
the  Bacchidae  at  Corinth,  which  place 
he  quitted  on  the  accession  of  Cypse- 
lus  to  the  supreme  power.  The  Bac- 
chidae  were  a  branch  of  the  Heraclida?, 
deducing  their  descent  from  Aletes, 
great-grandson  to  Hercules.  It  is 
rather  surprising,  that  Virgil,  when 
he  brings  Hercules  into  Italy,  does 
not  introduce  this  event  by  anticipa- 
tion. 


Among  the  various  causes  which 
contributed  to  the  decline  of  monarchy 
in  Greece,  no  historian  seems  to  have 
included  the  gradual  impoverishment 
of  the  reigning  families,  which  was 
inevitable,  when  their  revenues  were 
not  settled  upon  any  fixed  basis,  and 
their  principal  source  of  income  was 
in  their  own  property.  Homer  gives 
us  a  glimpse  of  this,  when  he  makes 
Ulysses  say  to  the  Phceacian  nobles, 
in  answer  to  their  liberal  offer  of  pre- 
sents, 

44  A  king  that's  rich  is  loyally  obey'd." 

Mr.  Blunt,  in  his  shrewd,  but  rather 
quaint  history  of  the  Reformation  in 
England,  observes  with  regard  to 
Henry  the  Eighth's  divorce,  "  if  the 
conduct  of  Henry  had  been  such  in 
other  respects  as  to  give  token  of  a 
scrupulous  conscience,  it  might  have 
been  credited  that  in  this  instance  he 
was  sincere  in  his  professions  of  un- 
easiness ;  and  that,  believing  Katha- 
rine and  himself  to  be  joined  together 
oth  erwise  than  God's  Word  doth  allow, 
lie  sought  for  relief  in  the  dissolution 
of  the  contract."  (p.  121.)  There  is 
great  good  sense  in  this  remark.  No 
one,  from  a  general  consideration  of 
Henry's  conduct,  would  infer  consci- 
entiousness in  this  transaction.  Pro- 
bably, as  is  most  frequently  the  case 
with  human  nature,  there  was  amixture 
of  motives  :  a  wish  for  a  younger  wife 
was  combined  with  a  doubt  in  his  own 
mind  whether  his  early  marriage  was 
a  valid  one.  The  part  of  Henry's 
character  which  tells  most  in  his  fa- 
vour, is  his  appreciation  of  Cranraer's 
worth,  and  his  support  of  him  against 
his  enemies. 


There  is  much  information  to  be 
gained  from  the  Geneva  Bible,  as  it  is 
called,  or  rather  the  Reformers'  Bible. 
The  notes  have  all  the  conciseness  and 
force  of  the  style  then  prevalent,  which 
may  be  termed  the  Elizabethan  style, 
though  not  quite  accurately  in  this  in- 
stance, as  the  translation  was  exe- 
cuted in  the  reign  of  Mary.  It  is  de- 
sirable that  some  spirited  publisher 
should  reprint,  not  the  whole  version, 
but  the  notes,  together  with  such  va- 
riations from  King  James's  Bible,  as 
would  answer  the  purpose  of  an  entire 
republication  to  scriptural  students. 


There  are  some  good  remarks  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  of  Dr.  Gillies  *s 
History  of  the  World,  vol.  XI.  It  is 
almost  incredible  that  three  of  the  Se- 
leucian  Antiochuses  should  have  pe- 
rished successively  in  an  attempt  to 
plunder  the  temple  near  Zagros.  It  is 
the  more  remarkable,  that  Dr.  Gillies 
should  adopt  this  improbable  account, 
as  he  strongly  contends  that  there  was 
only  one  siege  of  Nineveh,  and  one 
Assyrian  empire,  whereas  most  chro- 
nologers  have  admitted  of  two. 


Warburton,  in  one  of  his  letters, 
observes  that  "  the  tour  of  Europe  is 
like  the  entertainment  that  Plutarch 
speaks  of,  which  Pompey's  host  of 
Epirus  gave  him.  There  were  many 
dishes,  and  they  had  a  seeming  va- 
riety ;  but  when  he  came  to  examine 
them  narrowly,  he  found  them  all 
made  out  of  one  hog,  and  indeed  no- 
thing but  pork  differently  disguised." 
By  the  bye,  for  Pompey,  we  should 
read  Flaminius.  In  point  of  fact, 
wherever  French  is  spoken,  the  cha- 
racter is  European  ;  a  traveller  who 
wishes  to  see  diversity  of  character, 
should  go  straight  to  Greece,  then  to 
India,  and  then  to  China. 


So  prominent  had  the  Acheans  be- 
come in  the  last  days  of  Greece,  that 
the  Romans  designated  the  whole 
country  by  their  name,  since  they  di- 
vided it  into  two  provinces,  Macedo- 
nia and  Achaia,  after  they  had  reduced 
the  whole  nation  under  their  power. 
Thus  in  the  nomenclature  of  their  pro- 
vinces they  paid  a  splendid  testimony 
to  the  value  of  the  Achean  league, 
and  the  eminent  station  it  had  held 
before  its  ruin. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.]  Adversaria —Pi 

Schleusner  is  a  very  accurate  writer, 
yet  he  has  fallen  into  a  curious  mis* 
take  in  his  justly. celebrated  Lexicon 
to  the  New  Testament    Under  the 
word  Galatia,  he  says,  "  it  took  its 
name  from  the  Gauls,  who  passed 
over  thither  from  Italy,  under  the 
command  of  Brennus,  after  the  burn- 
ing of  Rome,  being  called  in  by  Nico- 
medes  king  of  Bithynia,  to  his  as- 
sistance."   Now  this  is  both  an  error 
in  history  and  in  chronology.  The 
burning  of  Rome  by  Brennus  took 
place  B.C.  389  ;  while  the  passage  of 
the  Gauls  into  Asia,  by  the  invitation 
of  Nicomedes,  occurred  B.C.  278.  In 
fact  they  were  different  migrations  al- 
together, though  a  Brennus  command- 
ed  in  each,  or  rather  each  was  headed 
by  that  description  of  Keltic  chieftain, 
who  was  entitled  Brenn.    The  dates 
given  above  are  on  the  authority  of 
Heeren,  the  distinguished  German  his- 
torian, who  in  this  instance  is  a  better 
authority  than  Schleusner.  (Manuel 
de  l'Histoire  Ancienne,  p.  323,  366.) 

The  same  Lexicographer  has  fallen 
into  a  strange  error,  in  his  exposition 
of  the  word  ^Xaa-^rjfuta,  where  he  ac- 
tually explains  Rom.  ii.  24,  "The 
Christian  religion  is  exposed,  through 
your  conduct,  to  contempt  among  the 
Gentiles  whereas  it  is  obvious,  that 
St.  Paul  is  speaking,  not  of  Christians, 
but  of  Jews.  To  suppose,  that  the 
derelictions  of  the  Jews  exposed  the 
Christian  relijrion  to  contempt,  if  it  be 
Schleuaner's  idea,  is  certainly  a  very 
far-fetched  and  improbable  one. 

It  is  a  fact  highly  honourable  to  the 
military  profession,  but  not  generally 
known,  that  in  1603  the  English  army 
in  Ireland  subscribed  eighteen  hundred 


rchas's  Pilgrimage.  387 

pounds  towards  the  purchase*  of  a  li- 
brary, for  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 
Nor  is  this  the  only  instance  of  such 
generosity,  for  after  the  death  of  Arch- 
bishop Usher  in  1656,  the  army  in 
Ireland  purchased  his  valuable  collec- 
tion of  books  and  MSS.  in  order  to 
present  them  to  the  College,  and  though 
several  obstacles  intervened,  the  mu- 
nificent donation  was  finally  confirmed 
by  Charles  II. 

Hubald,  of  Amand  in  Flanders,  who 
lived  in  the  9th  and  10th  centuries, 
composed  a  poem  of  three  hundred 
verses  in  praise  of  Charles  the  Bald, 
in  which  every  word  is  said  to  have 
commenced  with  the  letter  C.  as  the 
initial  of  his  patron's  name  :  thus  for 
instance, 

Carmina  Clarisonss  Calvi  Canute  Ca- 
tnoenae. 

It  is  not  generally  known,  thatLight- 
foot,  to  whom  posterity  is  eminently 
indebted  as  a  biblical  scholar,  and  in- 
deed as  much  so  as  any  of  the  divines 
of  the  Cromwellian  sera,  conformed  at 
the  Restoration.   Much  learning,  in- 
stead of  "  making  mad,"  produced 
moderation  in  him,  and  he  not  only 
conformed  in  his  own  person,  but  en- 
deavoured to  promote  conformity  to 
the  Church  in  his  family.  Perhaps 
of  all  the  celebrated  divines  of  that 
day,  there  is  none  whose  judgment 
deserves  more  respect  than  Lightfoot ;  * 
while  the  sermons,  which  he  subse- 
quently preached,  and  which  are  pre- 
served in  his  works,  afford  the  clearest 
evidence  that  he  subscribed  without 
any  sacrifice  of  conscience.  Ansblm. 

*  Quere.    See  Mr.  Davison  on  Primi- 
tive Sacrifice.— Ed. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


PILGRIMAGE  OF  SAMUEL  PURCHAS.    Pol.  1617. 

According  to  Purchas,  in  his  Pit-  whoever  robs  another,  shall  be  his 

gnmage  (p.  232),  the  modern  Jews  servant,  by  way  of  retribution,  in  the 

•ay.  "  Let  a  man  cloath  himselfe  be-  next  world. 

neath  his  abilitie,  his  children  accord-  The  Philippine  Isles  "  of  ancient 

jng  to  his  abilitie,  and  his  wife  above  time  were  subject,  as  some  say,  to  the 

his  abilitie."    He  quaintly  introduces  Chinese,  until  they  did  voluntarily  re- 

this  adage,  by  premising,  "  /  would  linquish  them  :  the  cause  of  much 

tove  women  hears  it."  civil  war    among   themselves,  that 

The  Peguans  hold  (ibid.  p.  574)  that  anarchie  proving  worse  to  them  than 


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388  Retrospective  Review—  Purchas' s  Pilgrimage.  [Oct. 


a  tyrannic,  every  man  becoming  a 
tyrant,  and  as  he  had  meanesof  witte, 
strength,  and  followers,  preying  upon 
others,  using  or  selling  them  for  slaves: 
which  their  divisions  made  an  easie 
way  to  the  Spanish  conquest."  (Ibid, 
p.  685.)  This  passage  may  well  be 
commended  to  the  consideration  of  all 
who  would  separate  Ireland  from 
the  British  empire. 

The  Mexicans  (ibid.  p.  1002)  made 
their  books  not  only  of  cotton,  but 
also  of  the  thin  inner  rind  of  a  tree 
which  grows  under  the  upper  bark. 
The  same  practice  among  European 
nations  has  caused  the  terms  Codex 
and  Liber  to  be  applied  to  books.  (It 
is  curious  that  the  same  practice  should 
have  prevailed  so  extensively.) 

The  story  of  Arion  and  the  Dolphin 
loses  some  of  its  improbability,  if  the 
following  account  be  true.  The  nar- 
rative is  given  by  Purchas  (p.  1007), 
from  Peter  Martyr  (not  the  theolo- 
gian). There  is  a  fish  in  the  Lake  of 
Nicaragua,  called  Manati,  resembling 
an  otter,  25  feet  long,  and  12  broad, 
with  the  head  and  tail  like  a  cow.  A 
king  in  Hispaniola,  having  one  pre- 
sented to  him  by  a  fisherman,  put  it 
into  a  lake,  where  it  lived  twenty-five 
years,  and  when  any  of  the  domestics 
came  to  the  bank,  and  cried  Matto, 
Motto,  she  (for  it  was  a  female)  would 
come  and  receive  food  from  their  hands. 
If  any  of  them  wished  to  be  ferried 
over  the  lake,  she  accommodated  them 
with  a  ride  on  her  back,  and  carried 
tbem  faithfully.  Our  author  adds, 
"  yea,  she  hath  carried  ten  men  at 
once,  singing  or  playing."  This  was 
partly  attributed  to  her  having  been 
kept  for  a  time  in  the  king's  house, 
after  being  taken,  and  being  fed  with 
the  hand. 

It  is  curious,  that  the  notion  of  the 
Man  in  the  Moon  was  known  to  the 
people  of  Carthagena  in  South  Ame- 
rica. Their  idea  was,  that  having 
married  his  sister,  contrary  to  the 
usage  of  the  country,  he  was  impri- 
soned in  the  moon,  and  exposed  to  the 
cold  and  damp  as  a  punishment.  (Ib. 
p.  10)2.) 

Purchas's  book  ought  to  have  been 
a  favourite  with  James  I.  on  account 
of  the  way  in  which  it  speaks  of  To- 
bacco, against  which  that  monarch 
wrote.  Purchas,  in  his  chapter  about 
Trinidad  (p.  1018),  says,  that  Co- 


lumbus erroneously  placed  the  seat  of 
Paradise  in  that  island — "  to  which 
opinion,  for  the  excellencie  of  the  To- 
bacco there  found,  he  should  happily 
have  the  smokic  subscriptions  (i.  e. 
assents)  of  many  Humorists,  to  whom 
that  fume  becomes  a  fooles  paradise, 
which  with  their  braines  and  all 
passeth  away  in  smoke." 

The  superstition  which  formerly 
prevailed  in  Europe,  that  by  making 
a  waxen  figure  of  a  person,  and  melt- 
ing it  before  a  fire,  that  person's  vital 
powers  were  wasted,  had  its  parallel 
among  the  Peruvians.  They  used  to 
sacrifice  black  sheep,  which  had  been 
kept  without  food  for  some  days, 
using  these  words  at  the  ceremony* 
So  let  the  hearts  of  our  enemies  be 
toeakened,  as  these  beasts.  If  they  found 
that  a  particular  piece  of  flesh,  be- 
hind the  heart,  had  not  been  withered 
by  fasting,  they  regarded  it  as  a  bad 
omen.    (P.  1076.) 

There  is  a  striking  moral  in  the  ex- 
hortation addressed  to  Columbus  by 
an  old  man  of  eighty,  a  chief  in  the 
island  of  Cuba.  "  With  great  gra- 
vitie  he  saluted  him,  and  counselled 
him  to  use  his  victories  well,  remem- 
bering, that  the  soules  of  men  have 
two  journeyes,  after  they  are  departed 
from  their  bodies :  the  one  foule  and 
dnrke,  prepared  for  injurious  and  cruel 
persons;  the  other  pleasant  and  de- 
lectable, for  the  peaceable,  and  lovers 
of  quiet."    (P.  10870 

The  use  of  a  Palladium  among 
heathen  nations  may  be  found  in  the 
New  World.  The  people  of  Hispa- 
niola had  images  made  of  Gossampine 
cotton,  or  of  wood,  which  they  con- 
sulted on  various  occasions.  The  name 
they  gave  this  image  was  Zemes.  They 
used  to  carry  it  with  them  in  their 
wars,  believing  that  it  made  the  Zemes 
of  the  enemy  flee.  Offerings  of  cakes 
were  presented  to  it,  and  being  thus 
consecrated,  were  afterwards  valued 
as  preservatives  against  fires  and  hur- 
ricanes. Sometimes  (through  the  con- 
trivance of  the  priests)  a  voice  appear- 
ed to  issue  from  the  Zemes,  which  was 
interpreted  favourably  or  unfavourably, 
as  the  priests  chose.  If  it  was  unfa- 
vourable, the  people  fasted  and  wept 
even  to  faintness,  till  they  thought  the 
Zemes  was  reconciled.    (P.  J  092.) 

By  comparison,  the  superstitions  of 


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1835.] 


Lord  Falkland's  Poms. 


389 


different  countries  will  often  be  reci- 
procally explained. 

Even  the  story  of  Phaeton  is  found 
in  the  New  World.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
was  informed  by  an  intelligent  native 
of  Guiana,  who  acted  as  his  inter- 
preter, that  the  natives  worshipped 
the  Sun,  whom  they  imagined  to  ride 
in  a  chariot,  drawn  by  tigers.  They 
were  accustomed  to  expose  the  bodies 
of  their  dead,  after  having  first  care- 
fully washed  them,  in  the  belief  that 
the  tigers  feed  upon  them  when  their 
day's  labour  is  over.    (Probably,  as 
the  body  dried  up,  they  thought  the 
steeds  of  the  Sun  were  nourished  by 
it)    They  had  a  tradition,  that  in 
former  time  their  ancestors  had  neg- 
lected to  expose  the  bodies,  or  to 
wash  them  carefully,  upon  which  the 
tigers  complained  to  the  Sun  that  if 
they  had  not  their  provender,  they 
could  not  perform  their  work.  Upon 
this,  the  Sun  sent  one  of  his  steeds 
among  them,  who  set  the  long  grass 
on  tire,  and  caused  such  a  conflagra- 


tion, that  a  hundred  thousand  of  the 
inhabitants  perished.  Accordingly 
they  were  careful  to  avoid  a  repetition 
of  this  calamity,  by  providing  for  the 
tigers  more  regularly.  Purchas  had 
this  account  from  Sir  Walter  himself. 
(P.  1018.) 

Divested  of  the  mythological,  this 
story  preserves  the  recollection  of  a 
severe  time  of  heat  and  draught,  such 
as  had  never  occurred  since,  but  had 
left  deep  traces  of  its  occurrence  upon 
the  rites  and  customs  of  the  people. 
As  we  can  scarcely  suppose  the  inha- 
bitants of  Guiana  to  have  occupied 
that  spot  for  thousands  of  years, 
perhaps  it  is  no  improbable  conjecture 
that  this  is  the  same  event  as  is  re- 
corded in  Chinese  history,  in  the  reign 
of  the  Emperor  Yao,  and  which  coin- 
cides with  the  miracle  of  Joshua,  or 
that  of  Hezekiah  *  In  that  case,  this 
people  must  then  have  inhabited  the 
east  of  Asia.  Ansblm. 


*  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  u.  N.  S.  p.  468. 


LORD  FALKLAND'S  POEMS. 
(Continued from  Page 

TO  MY    NOBLE    FRIEND    MB.  SANDYS,  UPON    HIS  JOB,   ECCLESIASTEB,  AND  THK 
LAMENTATIONS,  CLEARLY,  LEARNEDLY,  AND  ELOQUENTLY  PARAPHRASED. 

Who  would  inform  his  bouI,  or  feast  his  sense, 

And  seeks  or  piety,  or  eloquence ; 

What  might  with  knowledge  virtue  join'd  inspire, 

And  animate  the  heat  and  light  of  fire— 

He  these  in  these  by  thee  may  find  embraced, 

Or  as  a  poet,  or  a  paraphrast. 

Such  raies  of  the  Divinity  are  shed 

Throughout  these  works,  and  ev'ry  line  o'ertpread, 

That  by  the  streams  the  spring  is  clearly  showne, 

And  the  translation  makes  the  author  knowne. 

Nor,  he  being  knowne,  remains  his  sence  conceal'd ; 

But  so  by  thy  illustrious  pen  reveal'd, 

Wee  see  not  plainer  that  which  gives  us  sight, 

Than  we  see  that,  assisted  by  thy  light. 

All  seemes  transparent  now,  which  seera'd  perplext, 

The  inmost  meaning  of  the  darkest  text. 

So  that  the  simplest  may  their  souls  assure, 

What  places  meane,  whose  comments  are  obscure. 

Thy  pen  next,  having  clear* d  thy  Maker's  will, 

Supplies  our  hearts  to  love,  and  to  fulfill ; 

And  moves  such  pietie,  that  her  power  layes 

That  en  vie,  which  thy  eloquence  doth  raise. 

Even  I  (no  yielding  matter)  who  till  then 

Am  chief  of  sinners,  and  the  worst  of  men ; 

S "hough  it  bee  hard  a  soules  health  to  procure, 
nlesse  the  patient  do  assist  the  cure.) 
Suffer  a  rape  by  vertue,  whilst  thy  lines 
Destroy  my  old,  and  build  mee  new  designs. 
Shee  by  a  power,  which  conquers  all  controule, 
Doth  without  my  consente  possesse  my  soule. 


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390 


Retrospective  Review. 


[Oct. 


Those  mist*  are  scatter'd  which  thy  passions  bred, 
And  for  that  short  time  all  my  vice  is  dead. 
These  looser  poets  whose  lascivious  pen, 
Ascribing  crimes  to  God,  taught  them  to  men ; 
Who  bend  their  most  ingenious  industrie, 
To  honor  vice  and  guild  impietie; 
WTiose  labors  have  not  only  not  employed 
Their  talents,  but  with  them  their  souls  destroyed  ; 
Though  of  the  much  remov'd  and  distant  time, 
Whose  lease  enlightened  age  takes  from  their  crime, 
Will  no  defense  with  all  their  arts  devise, 
When  thou  against  them  shall  in  judgment  rise ; 
When  thou,  a  servant,  such  whose  like  are  rare, 
Fill'd  with  a  woefull  and  a  watchfull  care, 
How  to  provide  against  thy  Lord  doe  come, 
With  great  advantage  to  the  intrusted  sum  me ; 
And  thy  large  stock  e'en  to  his  wish  employ, 
Shalt  be  invited  to  thy  Master's  joy. 
The  wise,  the  good  applaud,  exult  to  see 
The  ApoUinarii*  surpassed  by  thee. 
No  doubt  their  works  had  found  in  every  time 
An  equal  glory,  had  they  equalled  thine. 
Now  they  expect  thy  art  should  health  assure. 
To  the  sick  world  by  a  delicious  cure ; 
Granting  like  thee  no  leech  their  hope  deserves, 
Who  purgest  not  with  rhewbarb,  but  preserves. 
What  numerous  legions  of  infernal  sprites 
Thy  splendor  dazzles,  and  thy  music  frights ; 
For  what  to  us  is  balme,  to  them  is  wounds, 
Whom  griefe  strikes,  feare  distracts,  and  shame  confounds, 
To  find  at  once  their  magic  counter-charm'd, 
Their  arts  discover'd,  and  their  strength  disarm'd; 
To  see  thy  writings  tempt  to  virtue  more, 
Than  they,  by  theirs  assisted,  could  before 
To  vice  or  vauitie  ;  to  see  delight 
Become  their  foe,  which  was  their  satellite ; 
And  that  the  chiefe  confounder  of  their  state, 
Which  had  been  long  their  most  prevailing  bait ; 
To  see  their  empire  such  a  losse  endure, 
As  the  revolt  even  of  the  epicure. 


Truth  in  her  voice,  God  in  his  Word  to  heare ; 
(For  such,  alas!  there  are)  doubting  the  while 
To  harm  their  phrase,  and  to  corrupt  their  style, 
Considering  th'  eloquence  which  flowes  from  thence. 
Had  no  excuses,  but  now  have  no  pretence. 
These  both  to  pens  and  minds  direction  give, 
And  teach  to  write,  as  well  as  teach  to  live. 
These  famous  herbs,  which  did  pretend  to  man 
To  give  new  youth  ;  chymistes  who  brag  they  can 
A  flower  to  ashes  turn'd,  by  their  arts'  power, 
Returne  these  ashes  back  into  a  flower ; 
May  gain  beliefe,  when  now  thy  Job  we  see, 
So  soiled  by  some,  so  purified  by  thee. 
Such  was  his  change,  when  from  his  sordid  fate 
Hee  reascended  to  his  wonted  state ; 
So  see  wee  yearly  a  fresh  spring  restore 
Those  beauties,  winter  had  detlower'd  before ; 
So  are  wee  taught,  the  resurrection  must 
Render  us  flesh  and  blood  from  dirt  and  dust. 
To  Job's  dejected  first  and  then  rais'd  minde, 
Is  Solomon  in  all  his  glorie  joyn'd. 


#  Socrates.  Scolasticus. 


f  The  cause  of  Castalio'e  translation. 


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Lord  Falklands  Poems. 


391 


Lease  specious  seem'd  his  person  when  hee  shone, 

In  purple  garments,  on  his  golden  throne. 

His  eloquence  called  from  the  farthest  south, 

To  learne  deep  knowledge  from  his  sacred  mouth, 

One  weake  and  great — a  woman  and  a  queene  : 

Which  (his  conceptions  in  thy  language  seene) 

So  likely  seemes,  that  this  no  wonder  drawes, 

When  with  the  great  effect  we  match  the  cause. 

Nor  had  we  wonder'd,  had  the  storie  told 

His  fame  drew  more  than  all  his  realmes  could  holde ; 

For  no  lesse  multitudes  do  I  expect 

To  heare  (whilst  on  these  lines  their  thoughts  reflect) 

To  have  in  this  clear  glasse*  their  follies  showne; 

Nor  will  these  fewer  prove,  who  in  their  owne, 

From  these  thy  tears  f  shall  learn  to  wash  their  crimes, 

And  owe  salvation  to  thy  heavenly  rimes. 

ANOTHER. 

Such  is  the  verse  thou  writ'st,  that  who  readcs  thine, 

Can  never  be  content  to  suffer  mine  : 

Such  is  the  verse  I  write,  that  reading  mine 

I  hardly  can  believe  I  have  read  thine; 

And  wonder  that,  this  excellence  once  knowne, 

I  ne'er  correct,  nor  yet  conceale,  mine  owne. 

Yet  though  1  danger  feare  than  censure  lesse, 

Nor  apprehend  a  breach  like  to  a  presse, 

Thy  merits  now  the  second  time  inflame, 

To  sacrifice  the  remnant  of  my  shame. 

Nor  yet  (as  first)  alone,  but  joyn'd  with  those 

Who  make  the  loftiest  verse  seem  humblest  prose. 

Thus  did  our  Master  to  his  praise  desire, 

That  babes  should  with  philosophers  conspire. 

And  infants  their  hosannas  should  unite 

With  the  so  famous  Areopagite. 

Perhaps  my  style,  too,  is  for  praise  most  fit, 

Those  show  their  judgment  least,  who  shew  their  wit, 

And  are  suspected,  least  their  subtille  aime 

Be  rather  to  attaine,  than  to  give  fame. 

Perhaps  whilst  I  my  earth  do  interpose, 

Betwixt  thy  sunne  and  them,  I  may  aid  those, 

Who  have  but  feeble  eyes,  and  weaker  sight, 
To  bear  thy  beams  and  to  support  thy  light. 

So  thy  eclipse,  by  neighbouring  darkness  made, 

Were  no  injurious,  but  a  useful  1  shade  ; 

How  e'er,  I  finish  here,  my  muse  her  daies 

Ends  in  expressing  thy  deserved  praise, 

Whose  fate  in  this  seems  fortunately  cast, 

To  have  so  good  an  action  for  her  last. 

And  since  there  are  who  have  been  taught,  that  death 

Inspireth  prophecie,  expelling  breath, 

I  hope  when  these  foretell  what  happy  gains 

Posteritie  shall  reape  from  these  thy  paines, 

Nor  yet  from  these  alone,  but  how  thy  pen, 

Earth  like,  shall  yearly  give  new  gifts  to  men  ; 

And  thou  fresh  praise  and  wee  fresh  good  receive, 

(For  hee  who  thus  can  write,  can  never  leave,) 

How  time  in  them  shall  never  force  a  breach, 

But  they  shall  always  live  and  always  teach, 

That  the  sole  likelihood  which  these  present, 

Will  from  the  new-raised  souls  command  assent. 

And  the  so  taught  will  not  beleife  refuse, 

To  the  last  accents  of  a  dying  muse.  Falkland. 


*  Ecclesiastes.  f  Lamentations 


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392  Retrospective  Review. — Lord  Falkland's  Poem.  [Oct 

AN  EPITAPH  UPON  THE  EXCELLENT  OOUNTESSE  OP  HUNTINGDON, 

Prefixed  to  "  a  Sermon  preached  at  Ashby  de  la  Zouch,  at  the  Funeral  of  Elizabeth, 
Daughter  and  Coheir  of  Ferdinand  Earl  of  Derby,  and  Wife  to  Henry  Earl  of 
Derby,  and  Wife  to  Henry  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  the  fifth  Earl  of  that  family.  9th 
Feb.  1633." 

The  chief  perfections  of  both  sexes  joyn'd, 
With  neither's  vice  nor  vanity  cotnbin'd. 
Of  this  our  age  the  wonder,  love,  and  care, 
The  example  of  the  following  and  dispaire. 
Such  beauty  that  from  all  hearts  love  must 
Such  majesty — that  none  durst  tell  her  so. 
A  wisdome  of  so  large  and  potent  wway, 
Rome's  Senate  might  have  wisht,  her  Conclave  may  ; 
Which  did  to  earthly  thoughts  so  seldome  bow, 
Alive  she  scarce  was  lesse  in  heaven  than  now. 
So  voyd  of  the  least  pride,  to  her  alone, 
These  radiant  excellencies  seem'd  unknown. 
Such  once  there  was  :  but  let  thy  griefe  appeare, 
v Reader,  there  is  not :  Huntingdon  lies  here. 

By  him  who  saies  what  he  saw,  Falkland. 

ON  THE  DEATH  OF  MY  WORTHY  FRIEND  AND  EIN8M AN  THE  NOBLE,  VISTUOGS, 

AND  LEARNED  LORD  HASTINGS. 

From  "  Lacrymre  Musarum,  Elegies  on  the  Death  of  Henry  Lord  Hastings. 

8vo.  1649." 

Farrwkl,  dear  lord  and  friend,  since  thou  hast  chose 
Kather  the  Phoenix's  life,  than  death  of  crows  : 
Though  Death  hath  ta'en  thee,  yet  I'm  glad  thy  fame 
Must  still  remain  in  learned  Hastings'  name. 
For  thy  great  loss,  my  fortune  I'll  condole, 

Whilst  that  Elizium  enjoys  thy  soul.  Falexand. 

We  shall  conclude  with  "An  Elegy  upon  my  much  honoured  friend  the  Lord 
Viscount  Falkland,  from  "  Characters  and  Elegies,  by  Francis  Wortley, 
Knight  and  Baronet.   4to,  1646,"  p.  38. 

Here  Beauclerk  lies,  Art's  monopolist  rather, 

Who  engrost  more  than  that  most  painful  father 

Great  Origen,  who  so  outvied  the  rest, 

Even  all  the  glorious  fathers  of  the  East. 

Besides  he  was  a  complete  courtier  too, 

Yet  could  the  soldier  in  his  trade  outdo. 

His  noble  fancy  was  indeed  so  rich, 

No  pen  of  Europe  flew  a  higher  pitch ; 

Envy  itself  must  needs  confesse  that  hee 

Was  music  in  the  camp,  yet  the  court  Mercury. 

Faulkland  too  forward  prest  in  his  advance, 

Hoping  to  beat  them  from  their  ordinance. 

An  ill-meant  shot,  both  to  the  King  and  State, 

Untimely  put  a  period  to  his  date 

God's  powerful  hand  turns  that  great  wheel,  we  know, 

The  lesser  moves,  so  starres  work  here  below. 

How  else  should  Twinnes  so  differ  in  their  fate, 

If  starres  man's  fortune  did  necessitate  ? 

When  heaven  does  with  its  punishments  begin, 

It  oft  makes  sinnes  the  punishment  of  sinne. 

We  were  rebellious  unto  heaven,  'tis  reason 

We  should  be  scourged  with  the  whips  of  treason. 

This  is  not  donne  by  fortune,  chance,  or  fate, 

Our  sinnes  heaven's  justice  doth  necessitate. 
Vicecomes  de  Falkland  vir  Regi  merito  charus,  ex  intimis  ejus  conciliia  et  fidelitatc 
clarus,  musarum  militisequc  patronus,  vir  pius  et  veritate  plenus,  en  jacct  hie  intern- 
pestive  sepultus.    Qui  apud  prelium  juxta  Nuebury  vulneribus  transfix  us  in  Regit 
causa  (Rege  teste)  cecidit  invictus.   Anno  Dom.  1644. 

Should  any  of  our  Correspondents  know  of  any  other  of  Lord  Falkland's 
poetical  productions,  we  should  feel  obliged  by  the  communication.        J.  M. 
7 


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1835.] 


3[>3 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


History  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  illustrated  by  Origi- 
nal Documents.  By  Frederick  Von 
Rauroer.  Translated  from  the  Ger- 
man.   2  vols.  8vo. 

THE  attention  of  M.  Von  Raumer, 
while  searching  in  the  Royal  Collec- 
tion at  Paris  for  materials  for  his  his- 
tory of  the  House  of  Hohenstauffen, 
being  directed  to  the  most  memorable 
historical  passages  of  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries,  he  with  ex- 
cellent judgment  determined  that  such 
an  opportunity  of  amplifying  the  de- 
tails of  the  history  of  modern  Europe 
should  not  be  lost.    He  knew  well 
that  the  grand  outline  of  historical  re- 
lation was  already  well  defined,  but  he 
saw  also  that  much  was  to  be  done  in 
filling  up  the  details,  and  bringing  the 
picture  out  in  all  the  force  of  indivi- 
duality to  the  view.   The  author  avows 
this  to  be  his  object  (p.  3),  and  he  tells 
us  that,  aware  of  the  impossibility  of 
discovering  anything  utterly  unheard  of 
in  modern  history,  he  writes  for  those 
who  take  delight  in  individual  trans- 
actions, and  in  the  more  particular 
unfolding  of  occurrences.    Most  satis- 
factorily and  usefully  to  the  cause  of 
literature  has  he  accomplished  his  de- 
sign.   We  shall  glance,  in  a  desultory 
way,  such  as  the  nature  of  the  work 
will  well  allow,  at  some  of  the  topics 
illustrated  by  his  researches. 

The  volumes  open  with  a  sketch  of 
those  fanatics  who  in  the  middh^f 
the  sixteenth  century  had  dissemi- 
nated their  wild  notions  through  a 
large  portion  of  Europe — the  Anabap- 
tist*.   Particulars  are  given  from  a 
contemporary  letter,  of  their  tenets 
and  of  their  proceedings  in  Munster ; 
they  destroyed  churches  and  cloisters, 
for  such  were,  in  their  creed,  only  the 
market  places  of  Baal ;  they  rejected 
all  earthly  authorities,  and  considered 
that  sovereign  princes  ought  to  be  put 
to  death  for  their  sins.  Nevertheless 
these  German  visionaries  elected  John 
of  Leydcn,  a  tailor,  one  of  their  pro- 
phet*, to  reign  over  them,  as  King 
David  over  the  Israelites.    They  ac- 
commodated him  with  a  well -supplied 
table  and  a  plurality  of  wives.  How 
gross  are  the  absurdities  of  false  reli- 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


gion  !  The  following  statement,  from 
reports  of  Marillac,  Ambassador  from 
the  Court  of  France  to  that  of  Charles 
V.  is  strikingly  characteristic  of  the 
mental  energy  of  that  remarkable  sove- 
reign. The  Emperor  himself  was 
moreover  at  this  time  of  difficulties  so 
sick  (Marillac  writes  September  9, 
1550),  that  it  would  be  impossible  to 
find  a  weaker  and  thinner  man,  and 
the  body  physician  informs  the  Queen 
of  Hungary,  on  October  22,  that  with- 
out a  miracle  Charles  cannot  survive 
six  months.  Some  weeks  later,  No- 
vember 4,  Marillac  acquaints  his  sove- 
reign that  the  Emperor  has  not  only 
lost  a  quantity  of  blood  by  the  hae- 
morrhoids, but  the  gout  has  also  so 
attacked  him  in  the  hands,  feet,  shoul- 
ders, and  other  places,  that  he  is 
obliged  to  keep  his  bed,  without  being 
able  to  stir.  Marillac  immediately 
after  subjoins,  the  Emperor  does  not 
refrain,  on  account  of  the  sickness  of 
his  body,  from  working  with  his  spirit, 
in  every  thing  in  which  his  greatness 
and  the  profitable  direction  of  affairs 
are  concerned." — p.  27. 

Charles's  advice  to  his  son  Philip 
the  Second  of  Spain,  who  played  so 
remarkable  a  part  as  the  champion  of 
Romanism,  is  to  the  following  effect : 

44  Support  the  true  faith  ;  suffer  no 
heresy  to  purer  the  country ;  favour  the 
holy  Inquisition,  and  take  care  at  the 
same  time  that  its  officers  do  not  abuse 
their  power." 

The  prejudices  of  education  will 
blind  the  greatest  minds ;  the  true 
faith  here  referred  to  was  notoriously 
roost  corrupt,  and  perverted  by  many 
obvious  false  tenets  and  idle  supersti- 
tions, the  traditions  of  men.  The 
holy  Inquisition  was  a  most  unholy, 
tyrannical,  politico -ecclesiastical  in- 
strument. What  follows  is  not  liable 
to  the  same  animadversion. 

"  Do  justice  without  hate  or  favour, 
and  when  you  feel  that  you  have  either 
hate  or  passion,  sanction  no  decision, 
especially  if  it  be  in  a  penal  matter,  for 
although  justice  be  the  virtue  which  keeps 
us  upright  with  regard  to  every  man,  yet 
be  mindful  of  the  great  mercies  which 
Jesus  Christ  shewed  to  us.  Practise  and 
acquire  both  virtues,  so  that  the  one  do 
not  destroy  the  other,  for  either  pushed 


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391 


Review. — Raumer's  History,  SfC. 


[Oct. 


to  an  extreme  would  be  no  longer  a  virtue 
but  a  crime.  Be  in  every  thing  consi- 
derate and  moderate,  sociable  and  affable. 
With  anger  and  rashness  we  can  effect 
nothing.  Love  the  good,  guard  against 
the  wicked,  be  cautious  how  you  credit 
the  advice  of  the  voung,  or  the  complaints 
of  the  old."— p.  *U2. 

Some  interesting  particulars  are 
found,  p.  153  et  seq.  of  Philip's  son, 
Prince  Carlos,  who  decidedly  laboured 
under  mental  aberration.  No  ground 
whatever  appears  for  the  report  that 
his  father  was  instrumental  to  his 
death  and  of  that  of  his  mother,  on 
the  grounds  of  a  supposed  incestuous 
passion  existing  between  them. 

The  manner  in  which  the  news  of 
the  massacre  of  Paris  was  received  at 
the  Court  of  Spain,  was  well  worthy 
of  the  grand  master  of  the  Crusade 
against  Protestantism,  a  few  years 
afterwards  undertaken  by  the  outfit  of 
the  *  invincible*  though  disgraced  and 
vanquished  Armada. 

These  details  are  collected  from  the 
confidential  reports  of  accredited  en- 
voys. 

«•  Sept.  12, 1572.  King  Philip  received 
the  account  of  St.  Bartholomew's  night 
on  the  evening  of  the  7tb,  by  a  courier  of 
Don  Diego's,  lie  has  shown  upon  the 
receipt  of  it,  contrary  to  his  nature  and 
wont,  as  much  and  more  joy  than  upon 
all  the  luck  and  prosperity  which  has 
ever  befallen  him.  He  cried  out  to  all 
his  people  4  He  now  saw  that  your  Ma- 
jesty (the  King  of  France)  was  his  good 
brother.'  The  next  day  I  had  an  au- 
dience of  the  King,  when  he  (who  other- 
wise never  laughed)  begun  to  laugh,  and 
shewed  the  greatest  satisfaction  and  con- 
tent. Philip  moreover  ordered  proces- 
sions and  a  7e  Deum ;  he  even  ordered 
all  the  Bishops  to  have  processions  and 
thanksgivings  in  their  dioceses,  especially 
for  the  King  of  France." 

Like  the  persecutors  of  the  truth 
of  the  Gospel  in  its  infancy,  these 
blind  aud  bloody  devotionists  of  Rome 
thought  they  weie  doing  God  service 
bv  suppressing  the  diffusion  of  his 
\Vord,  and  martyring  those  whom  it 
had  convert*  d.  To  the  worldly-mind- 
ed our  Saviour,  according  to  his  pre- 
diction, brought  indeed  not  "  Peace 
but  a  Sword." 

In  the  subsequent  volume  (ii.  p. 
169),  we  have  a  most  interesting  notice 
of  the  effect  which  this  atrocious  tra- 
gedy had  on  the  mind  of  our  Eliza- 


beth, and  of  her  prescience  as  to  its 
effects  and  noble  contempt  of  the  dan- 
gers which  would  thereby  threaten 
her  kingdom. 

The  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew 
estranged  Elizabeth  from  the  Court  of 
France ;  on  the  news  of  it  she  shed 
bitter  tears,  and  said  she  would  give 
300,000/.  that  this  calamity  should 
not  have  happened. 

April  9.  1588,  she  wrote  Henry  III. 
of  France  an  autograph  later  of  the 
following  tenor. 

*'  I  thank  you  that  you  have  never  un- 
dertaken anything  against  me  and  my 
kingdom.  If  I  supported  Henry  of  Na- 
varre, I  did  so  in  the  conviction  that  his 
ruin  would  be  your  own.  I  have  also 
ever  counselled  him  to  submit  himself  to 
you,  but  not  to  alter  hit  religion  against 
hit  conscience.  The  party  of  the  Ligue 
is  already  too  mighty  and  favoured,  it  has 
already  shorn  you  of  the  honours  due  to 
you,  and  no  one  is  in  a  condition  to  make 
head  against  it.  The  King  of  Navarre 
has  no  thought  of  undertaking  anything 
against  you,  and  no  Protestant  would  sup- 
port him  in  so  detestable  a  proceeding. 
If  you  permit  the  Huguenots  to  live  in 
freedom  and  security,  you  will  find  in 
them  friends,  and  therewith  the  support 
of  all  Protestant  princes." 

When  Henry  the  Third,  instead  of 
following  her  advice,  connected  him- 
self with  the  Ligue,  Elizabeth  asserted 
that  out  of  this  would  arise  a  still 
greater  war,  but  that  God  would,  as 
hitherto,  not  withdraw  from  her  his 
assistance.  On  another  occasion,  at 
the  time  of  this  great  danger,  she  said 
to  the  French  Ambassador,  Chateau- 
ne;vf,  "  I  will  not  publish  what  means 
1  t-ossess  within  the  Netherlands.  I 
will,  by  God,  hinder  the  King  of  Spain 
and  these  Guises  from  making  a  mock- 
ery of  me,  poor  old  woman  that  I  am, 
who  have  indeed  the  frame  of  atromaw, 
but  the  heart  of  a  man." 

Of  James  the  First's  government, 
times,  and  character,  we  find  some  in- 
teresting traits  derived  also  from  di- 
plomatic reports  made  to  the  French 
Court. 

"  Aug.  15,  1603.  King  James  is  go- 
verned by  a  small  number  of  favourites, 
generally  Scottish  gentlemen  of  no  great 
quality,  who  are  always  about  hiiu,  and 
second  hear  whatever  passes  (1.92).  The 
people  of  London  appear  strangely  bar- 
barous and  ungrateful  to  the  memory  of 
Elizabeth,  in  that  (after  such  long  stand- 


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Review.— Raumer's  History,  S,c. 


ing,  almost  idolatrous  worship)  they  light- 
ed on  the  day  of  her  decease  bonfires  in 
honour  of  her  successor. 

*'  He  (the  King)  takes  great  pleasure 
in  speaking  openly  at  table,  and  to  open 
scholastic  disputes  on  subjects  of  all  de- 
scriptions, particularly  religious.  He  also 
piques  himself  on  great  contempt  for 
women  ;  they  are  obliged  to  kneel  to  him 
on  their  presentation ;  he  exhorts  them 
openly  to  virtue,  and  scoffs  with  great 
levity  at  all  men  who  pay  them  honour. 
You  may  easily  conceive  that  the  English 
ladies  do  not  spare  him,  but  hold  him  in 
abhorrence,  and  tear  him  to  pieces  with 
their  tongues,"  &c.  (1%'.) 

44  The  Queen  (who  favoured  the  Ca- 
tholic party)  complains  that  she  obtains 
no  money.  The  French  envoy  counsels 
his  master  to  supply  her  in  secret"  (201). 

He  further  writes : 

44  James  is  so  passionately  addicted  to 
the  chase,  that  he  for  the  sake  of  it  post- 
pones all  business  to  great  scandal.  I  ac- 
company him  sometimes  for  several  days, 
and  am  determined  to  become  a  good 
sportsman,  or  rather  to  pass  myself  off 
for  such  ;  for  this  is  the  only  means  to 
obtain  converse  with  him,  and  to  coin  his 
favour  and  some  influence  with  him.  He 
was  yesterday  a  little  disturbed  by  the 
populace,  which  ran  together  from  all 
sides  to  see  him.  He  fell  into  such  anger 
upon  this,  that  I  was  quite  unable  to 
appease  him  :  he  cursed  every  one  be 
met,  and  swore  that  if  they  would  not  let 
him  follow  the  chase  at  his  pleasure,  lie 
would  leave  England  ;  words  of  passion 
which  meant  no  harm,  but  calculated  to 
draw  on  him  great  contempt  and  inex- 
tinguishable hate  from  the  people."  ('20'.'). 

44  The  good  Elizabeth,  whose  memory 
one  cannot  sufficiently  honour.  Her  suc- 
cessor is  not  in  a  condition  to  encourage 
disputes  among  his  neighbours.  Consider 
for  pity's  sake  what  must  be  the  state 
and  condition  of  a  prince  whom  the 
preachers  publicly  from  the  pulpit  assail, 
*hom  the  comedian*  of  the  metropolis 
bring  upon  the  stage,  whose  wife  attends 
these  representations,  whom  the  Parlia- 
ment braves  and  despises,  and  who  is 
universally  hated  by  the  whole  people." 

The  assertion  that  the  King  was 
publicly  ridiculed  by  the  professors  of 
the  histrionic  art,  is  confirmed  in  an- 
other place  by  a  detailed  statement. 

44  They  brought  forward  their  own  king 
and  his  favourites  in  a  very  strange 
fashion.  They  made  him  curse  and  swear 
because  he  had  been  robbed  of  a  bird, 
and  beat  a  gentleman  because  he  had 
«lled  off  the  hounds  from  the  scent. 
They  represent  him  as  drunk  at  least 


once  a  day,  &c.  He  has  upon  this  made 
an  order  that  no  play  shall  be  henceforth 
acted  in  London,  for  the  repeal  of  which 
they  have  already  offered  100,000  livrcs." 

(220.) 

Those  who  have  consulted  the  cor- 
respondence of  King  James,  extant  in 
the  British  Museum,  where  his  pas- 
sion for  dogs  and  their  keepers  is 
evinced  in  terms  the  most  ridiculous, 
and  puerile,  not  to  say  profane,  will 
readily  believe  that  these  satires  were 
really  enacted,  and  were  very  popular 
with  his  subjects. 

The  following  is  a  note  of  the  visit 
of  the  King  of  Denmark  : 

44  July  30,  \G06.  King  Christian  IV. 
of  Denmark,  is  arrived  here  ;  his  fleet  is 
handsome,  and  the  Admiral's  ship  of  1 ,500 
tons  is  gilded  and  covered  with  flags. 
There  belong  to  his  suite,  among  others, 
100  body  guards,  dressed  in  blue  velvet 
and  silver,  twelve  trumpeters,  twelve 
pages,  the  sailors  and  soldiers  dressed  in 
like  manner,  but  in  cloth.  The  King  of 
England  entertains  them  all  free  of  ex- 
pence.  They  pass  nearly  the  whole  Sun- 
day in  Church."  (215.) 

These  matters  have  been  recorded 
at  length  in  Mr.  Nichols's  Progresses 
of  King  James  the  First. 

In  another  place  the  Ambassador 

says  : 

44  The  Secretary  Win  wood  has  been 
with  me,  and  promised  to  serve  me  faith- 
fully, mediantibu*  Mi*,  which  means  if, 
according  to  my  promise,  I  am  liberal  in 
my  payment*.  Money  is  here  the  true 
Gordian  knot  which  holds  all  together. 
Even  the  Aueen  and  Villiers  are  to  be 
bought." 

Such  was  the  corrupt  and  debauch- 
ed condition  of  a  Court  which  under- 
went a  severe  retribution  in  the  fol- 
lowing reign,  in  which  rebellious  and 
sanguinary  crisis  an  amiable  and  pious 
monarch  was  involved,  deserving  of  a 
better  fate,  but  who  in  the  mysterious 
will  of  Providence  in  some  sort  may 
be  said  to  have  expiated  the  sins  of 
his  father. 

Our  limits  will  not  allow  us  to  fol- 
low M.  Raumer  through  numerous 
other  details,  which  are  interesting 
amplifications  of  the  general  history 
of  Kurope.  Assuredly  his  work  will 
obtain  a  distinguished  place  among 
those  which  are  intended  to  exhibit 
history  and  manners  in  their  most  mi- 
nute and  authentic  details. 


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[Oct. 


1.  Discourses  and  Dissertations  on  the 
Scriptural  doctrines  of  Atonement 
and  Sacrifice.  By  the  late  W.  Magee, 
D.D.  Archbishop  of  Dublin.  Fifth 
edition.    3  vols.  8vo. 

2.  Biblical  Notes  and  Dissertations, 
chief  y  intended  to  confirm  and  illus- 
trate the  doctrine  of  the  Deity  of 
Christ;  with  some  remarks  on  the 
practical  importance  of  that  doctrine. 
By  Joseph  John  Gurncy.  2dedition. 
With  some  corrections  and  additions. 
8vo.  pp.  505. 

3.  Letters  on  the  Trinity,  and  on  the 
Divinity  of  Christ ;  addressed  to  the 
Rev.  W.  E.  Channing,  in  answer  to 
his  Sermon  on  the  Doctrines  of  Chris- 
tianity. By  Moses  Stuart,  Professor 
of  Sucred  Literature,  Andt/ver,  U.  S. 
12mo.  pp.  xix.  163. 

THE  Unitarian  controversy  is  de- 
cidedly the  most  important  in  the 
present  day.  The  Calvinistic  may 
now  be  said,  comparatively,  to  have 
subsided ;  because  both  Arminians 
and  Calvinists  have  learned  to  think 
better  of  each  other,  and  mutually  to 
coufess  that  the  sentiments  of  their 
opponents  contain  the  essence  of  di- 
vine truth.  The  Paedobaptist  contro- 
versy has  lost  much  of  its  importance  ; 
because  all  sober-minded  persons  ac- 
knowledge, that  the  object  of  conten- 
tion is  a  form,  and  not  a  doctrine. 
Looking  to  the  practical  results,  by 
which  every  doctrine  must  come  to  be 
tried,  it  is  evident  that  the  children  of 
the  Paedobaptist  display  no  conspicu- 
ous difference  from  those  of  the  Bap- 
tist, while  the  latter,  when  adults,  in 
no  ways  excel  the  pious  Psedobaptist. 
One  benefit,  however,  results  from  this 
discussion,  namely,  that  it  prevents 
both  parties  from  reposing  on  a  cere- 
mony, and  obliges  them  to  cultivate 
the  vital  reality. 

But  this  cannot  be  said  of  the  Uni- 
tarian controversy :  the  question  is 
not,  whether  hope  and  assurance  mean 
the  same  thing,  or  at  what  age  man- 
kind are  the  objects  of  the  Christian 
covenant ;  Agitur  de  vitd  et  sanguine 
Tumi.  The  question  now  turns  upon 
this  point — WhatChristianity  actually 
is?  in  what  shape  is  it  made  Known  to 
men  ?  and  by  whom  the  divine  com- 
munication was  made  ?  The  very  es- 
sence of  Christianity  is  brought  into 
debate.    The  parties  are  too  far  di- 


vided by  their  sentiments  to  meet  upon 
any  intermediate  ground.  If  such  a 
8 pot  could  be  found,  it  must  be  sought 
in  Arianism ;  but  both  parties  have 
rejected  that  already,  and  in  fact 
few,  if  any,  stop  short  at  it.  If  the 
Unitarian  ascends  in  his  views,  like 
Scott  and  Mason  Good,  he  leaves  it 
behind  him ;  if  the  Trinitarian  de- 
scends, like  Priestley  and  Bebham,  it 
is  not  there  that  he  arrests  his  pace. 

It  is  not  possible,  or  indeed  desir- 
able, that  theTnnitarian  and  Unitarian 
should  ever  agree  that  they  mean  the 
same  thing  in  different  words.  Too 
many  practical  results,  and  too  many 
motives  of  piety,  are  attached  to  the 
doctrines  in  dispute,  to  admit  of  such  a 
compromise.  Of  course  we  speak  as 
Trinitarians;  but  we  mean  no  uukind- 
ness  toward  the  person  of  theUnitarian, 
or  contempt  for  his  judgment,  or  sus- 
picion of  his  intentions.  We  say  this, 
because  much  acrimony  has  been  ex- 
hibited in  the  controversy,  such  as 
could  not  possibly  tend  to  advance  the 
interests  of  religion.  We  know  the 
heart  of  an  Unitarian,  even  as  the 
Israelites  were  reminded,  that  they 
knew  the  heart  of  a  stranger,  for  they 
had  been  strangers  in  the  land  of 
Egypt.*  The  whole  of  this  contro- 
versy has  past  in  our  mind,  and  hence 
we  know,  that  a  man  may  peruse  Uni- 
tarian books,  and  conscientiously  be- 
lieve them  to  contain  the  truth.  Whe- 
ther they  do  contain  the  truth  is  ano- 
ther matter;  for  our  part,  we  have 
come  to  an  opposite  conclusion.  But 
we  take  our  leave  of  them,  with  a  wish 
to  see  their  authors  differently  impress- 
ed, and  not  with  the  language  of  in- 
sult or  feelings  of  derision.  Perhaps 
it  is  drawing  too  nice  a  distinction  to 
say  that  a  man  may  hold  a  heresy 
without  being  a  heretic : — we  mean, 
that  he  may  hold  opinions,  which  are 
heretical  in  themselves,  without  being 
influenced  by  heretical  motives. 

The  work  which  stands  at  the  head 
of  this  article,  is  of  acknowledged  im- 
portance in  theology.  Its  appearance 
formed  an  epoch  in  the  controversy. 
It  first  had  the  effect  of  urging  the 
Unitarians  to  publish  their  version  of 
the  New  Testament ;  and  what  is  re- 
markable, the  representations  inci- 

*  This  of  course  must  be  taken  as  ap- 
plying to  the  writer  of  this  paper. 


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307 


dentally  made  in  it,  led  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Bishop  in  India.  It  has 
been  too  long  before  the  world  to  need 
any  examination  now;  we  will  there- 
fore content  ourselves  with  saying, 
that  it  comprises  a  body  of  divinity 
upon  this  one  subject.  We  were  sur- 
prised and  delighted  to  find,  that  ob- 
jections which  we  thought  had  arisen 
in  our  own  mind,  were  anticipated, 
and  removed  in  this  book.  But  we 
must  observe,  that  a  little  more  care 
in  revising  the  references  in  this  edi- 
tion, would  have  improved  it. 

Mr.  Gurney's  work,  which  stands 
second  in  our  list,  although  it  exhibits 
rather  a  general  title,  is  chiefly  con- 
fined to  the  Deity  of  Christ  There 
is  something  open  and  decided  in 
saying   Deity,  rather  than  Divinity, 
which  we  admire,  as  the  latter  term 
has  been  adopted,  in  the  north  of 
Ireland,  for  the  sake  of  ambiguity. 
The  author  is  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends,  who  has  devoted  himself 
to  this  study  for  several  years,  and, 
we  think,  under  peculiar  advantages  ; 
for,    as  that  body  includes  persons 
of  every  sentiment,  such  a  one  comes 
into-  the  arena,  free  from  any  bias, 
without  prejudice  in  favour  of  any 
•  sect,  and  uninfluenced  by  connexion 
with  any  particular  Church.    We  do 
not  mean  to  say,  that  creeds  and  arti- 
cles have  not  their  use,  for  we  dis- 
tinctly believe  that  they  liave  ;  but  in 
the  present  instance,  Mr.  Gurney's 
freedom  from  all  such  prepossession 
and    attachment,    must   stamp  the 
greater  value  on  the  result  of  his  in- 
quiries.   He  has  been  honestly  and 
candidly  seeking  the  truth,  and  we 
are  sure  that  he  would  have  pro- 
claimed it,  whether  it  proved  to  be 
with  Athanasius,  Arius,  Socinus,  or 
with  the  modern  Unitarians.  Indeed 
we  cannot  speak  too  highly  (and  it  is 
from  experience  that  we  speak)  of  his 
"  Letter  on  Redemption it  is  the 
most  solid  summary  of  Christianity 
that  we  have  seen,  and,  in  our  opinion, 
no  young  man  ought  to  enter  upon 
the  world   without  having  it  as  a 
manual  of  doctrinal  truth.  Nor  would 
we  forget  his  "  Essays  on  Christiani- 
ty," though  we  think  that  he  has  not 
always  exercised  a  critical  judgment 
in  the  application  of  texts.    In  this 
volume,  however,  he  has  done  so. 


The  dissertations  turn  chiefly  upon 
the  pre-exrstence  of  Christ,  the  crea- 
tion of  all  things  by  Him,  the  nature 
of  the  Word  according  to  the  Rabbini- 
cal writers,  the  prophecies  of  Isaiah 
concerning  the  nature  and  dignity  of 
Christ,  the  language  in  which  The 
Lord  is  termed  our  Righteousness,  and 
the  controverted  expressions  in  1  Tim. 
iii.  16.  There  is  also  a  dissertation  on 
the  canonical  authority  of  theEpistle  to 
the  Hebrews,  and  one  on  the  practical 
importance  of  faith  in  the  Deity  of 
Christ. 

In  treating  of  the  pre-existence  of 
Christ,  in  the  form  of  God,  Mr.  Gur- 
ney  has  adduced  some  striking  paral- 
lels from  classical  writers,  which 
prove,  that  nature,  and  not  mere  ap- 
pearance, is  meant.  But  he  has  omit- 
ted to  notice  a  very  particular  one,  in 
the  first  line  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses 
— a  work  almost  contemporary  with 
the  New  Testament : 

In  nova  fert  animus  mutatasdicere/orwa* 
Corpora : 

where  an  entire  change,  and  not  a 
partial  one,  is  meant ;  not  a  change  of 
shape,  but  of  essence.  When  Hya- 
cinthus  becomes  a  flower,  when 
Arachne  becomes  a  spider,  or  Cygnus 
a  swan,  it  is  not  a  change  of  shape 
that  they  undergo,  but  of  nature  itself, 
The  translation  in  Garth's  Ovid  will 
convey  nearly  the  same  idea  to  the 
English  reader  : 

Of  bodies  changed  to  other  forms  I  sing  ; 
Assist  ye  Gods,  from  you  these  changes 
spring. 

On  the  subject  of  the  word  Imnanuel, 
Mr.  G.  has  retrieved  the  orthodox 
sense  from  the  grasp  of  objectors,  and 
has  placed  the  text  on  a  much  firmer 
footing  than  that  on  which  Dr.  Pye 
Smith  had  left  it.  We  would  concede, 
that  many  names  are  mere  appella- 
tives, and  that  the  circumstances  of 
the  case  must  determine  whether  they 
are  so  or  not.  Thus  the  late  Queen 
of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  first 
Christian  convert  of  that  country,  was 
called  Keopuolani,  which  means,  the 
dropping  of  the  clouds  from  heaven. 
Not  that  she  could  be  really  such  ;  and 
in  this  instance  the  name  can  only  be 
figurative.  But  when  we  read  in 
Ezekiel  48  ult.  that  the  name  of  the 
temple  shall  be  called  Jehovah -Sham- 


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Review.—  Works  on  the  Trinity 


mah,  i.  e.  the  Lord  is  there,  we  believe 
that  a  truth  is  enunciated  in  these 
words,  answering  to  the  promise  in 
Revel,  xxi.  3.  Accordingly,  when  we 
are  told,  that  the  child  shall  be  called 
Immanuel,  i.  e.  God  with  us,  we  believe 
a  similar  truth  to  be  contained  in  the 
words ;  because  as  it  is  a  Virgin  that 
conceives,  there  is  no  human  father  in 
the  case,  but  a  divine  one,  and  con- 
sequently the  offspring  is  divine  also  : 
or,  in  other  words,  "  the  being  who 
will  be  born  of  the  Virgin,  and  abide 
with  us,  is  very  God." 

Incidently,  we  would  remark,  from 
the  words  of  Luke  i.  35,  that  when 
He,  who  is  born  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is 
called  the  Son  of  God,  common  sense 
may  suffice  to  perceive,  that  the  Holy 
Spirit  can  be  none  other  than  God. 
It  may  be  said  in  reply,  that  all  true 
believers  are  born  of  the  Spirit  and 
called  Sons  of  God  (John  i.  12.  Hi.  5). 
But  the  reply  involves  a  fallacy,  for  it 
would  prove  them  to  be  born  of  water 
in  a  real  sense,  instead  of  a  figurative 
one. 

The  pronoun  il  in  Jerem.  xxxiii.  16. 
has   greatly  puzzled  commentators. 
Mr.  Gurney  supposes,  with  Blayney, 
that  it  is  the  masculine  in  the  Chal- 
daic  form,  "  which  is  of  frequent  oc- 
currence in  the  Hebrew  Scriptures." 
The  Vulgate  and  Syriac  render  it,  not 
she,  but  he,  as  in  Jer.  xxiii.  6.  We 
would  add  another  supposition :  As 
the  prophecies  of  Jeremiah  were  not 
completed  till  after  the  captivity,  so, 
of  course,  by  the  time  they  were  col- 
lected, the  Jews  had  become  familiar 
with  Chaldee.    We  know  from  Dan. 
ix.  2,  how  intensely  his  prophecies 
were  studied  by  the  Jews  at  Babylon  ; 
and  copies  executed  there  were  likely 
to  contract  some  Chaldaisms,  as  the 
first  generation  of  the  captivity  must 
have  been  nearly  extinct  in  the  course 
of  seventy  years.    So  that  a  Cbal- 
daism  in  this  book  need  not  surprise 
us.    Nor  is  it  impossible,  that  the 
captives,  in  their  ardent  love  for  Je- 
rusalem,* may  have  interpreted  the 
latter  clause  as  relating  to  the  city, 
and  inserted  the  pronoun,  in  order  to 
mark  the  supposed  reference  more 
clearly. f    If,  however,  such  was  the 

*  Psalm  r.xxxvii.  5. 
f  See  the  expression,  in  Isaiah  i.  21, 
"  righteousness  lodged  in  it." 


case,  they  impaired  the  real  meaning 
of  the  prophecy  by  doing  so.  This, 
however,  we  know  their  descendants 
have  done  in  many  instances,  by  sub- 
stituting temporal  meanings  for  spi- 
ritual ones. 

The  Dissertation  on  1  Tim.  Hi.  16. 
is  the  masterpiece  of  the  volume.  It 
now  stands  much  more  complete  than 
it  did  in  the  first  edition,  for  which 
the  author  very  candidly  acknowledges 
himself  indebted  to  Dr.  Henderson's 
pamphlet. J  Perhaps  we  may  gain  a 
step  in  the  argument  by  using  a  diffe- 
rent expression  :  the  word  manifested 
has  become  so  technical,  as  no  longer 
to  convey  a  clear  idea  ;  but  let  us  say 
exhibited,  which  is  the  plain  meaning 
of  ((f>ai>(f)<»)6r) ;  how  poor  and  jejune  :s 
the  reading,  "  He  who  was  exhibited 
in  flesh,  was,"  &c.  But  when  we  say 
"  God  was  exhibited  in  flesh,  was,"  &c, 
we  have  a  splendid  fact  announced, 
such  as  is  worthy  of  the  term  mystery. 

Mr.  Gurney,  after  having  summed 
up  the  comparative  evidence  of  MSS. 
Versions,  and  Fathers,  comes  (in  this 
edition)  to  the  conclusion,  "  that  this 
long-received  reading  (0eor)  ought 
clearly  to  be  retained  in  the  text  of 
the  Greek  Testament.  Indeed,  it  is 
impossible  to  read  his  Dissertation,  as 
it  now  stands,  without  being  con- 
vinced that  the  mass  of  evidence  pre- 
ponderates in  favour  of  0coy.  But  it 
is  impossible  to  hail  the  arrival  at  this 
conclusion,  without  admitting,  that  it 
lays  us  under  greater  moral  obliga- 
tions, and  involves  a  deeper  responsi- 
bility than  either  of  the  others.  This 
result,  we  fear,  has  been  too  little  kept 
in  view  by  writers  on  this  controversy. 

Nor  must  we  forget,  that  Mr.  Gur- 
ney has  shattered  one  main  support  of 
the  reading  6s,  namely,  the  story  of 
Maceedonius.    It  is  positively  irrecon- 
cileable  with  the  circumstance  of  his 
being  accused  of  Nestorianism,  as  in 
that  case  he  would  not  have  changed 
or  into  6eof,  but  the  reverse  ;  because 
the  Nestorians  held  that  the  Virgin 
Mary  "  was  not  the  mother  of  God." 
Besides,  the  story  originally  says,  that 
he  changed  6s  into  a>s,  which  is  inex- 
plicable.    Mr.   Gurney  rejects  .  the 


t  "  The  Great  Mystery  of  Godlinesa 
incontrovertible."  8vo.  Holdsworth  and 
Ball. — One  of  the  most  important  publi- 
cations on  the  subject. 


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story,  and  considers,  that,  if  true,  the  The  rest  comprises  an  examination 
whole  tenor  of  it  has  been  changed.  of  the  texts  which  bear  on  the  Deity 
The  third  of  the  works  announced,  of  Christ,  in  which  Mr.  S.  has  not 
comprises  a  series  of  Letters  on  the  only  powerfully  urged  such  as  are 
Doctrines  of  the  Trinity  and  the  Di-  pertinent,  but  has  shown  great  judg- 
vinity  of  Christ.  The  author  (Moses  raent  in  waiving  those  that  are  not. 
Stuart)  is  well  known  by  his  com-  Many  valuable  specimens  of  the  Ger- 
mcntaries  on  the  Hebrews  and  Ro-  man  divines  are  introduced,  such  as 
mans ;  and  as  a  theologian  of  the  will  afford  the  reader  an  insight  into 
exegetical  class,  is  deservedly  esteem-  their  tenets  and  arguments.  On  the 
ed.  We  cannot,  however,  acquit  him  whole,  it  may  be  pronounced  an  ex- 
of  vanity,  or  something  very  like  it,  cellent  manual  of  erudition  and  rea- 
when,  in  the  former  of  those  works,  he  soning  on  the  orthodox  side  of  the 
talks  of  preparing  the  way  for  better  controversy. 

commentaries  than  have  hitherto  been  The  following  passage  merits  to  be 
written.    It  is  obvious,  that  he  at-    widely  circulated : 

IwlSt!!e  ?Fy  highfSt  imP°rt"ncit0  "  A  short  time  ™<*>  almost  all  the 
that  kind  of  commentary  wh.cn  he  has    Unitarians  of  New  England  were  simple 

produced.  Not  that  we  would  de-  Arians.  Now,  if  I  am  correctly  informed, 
tract  from  its  value.  Since  the  pre-  there  are  scarcely  any  of  the  younger- 
valence  of  exegetical  or  expository  preachers  of  Unitarian  sentiments  who 
writing  in  Germany,  the  reveries  of  arc  not  simple  Humanitarians.  Such 
rationalism  have  been  banished  (as  we  was,  th.e  case  in  Germany.  The  divinity 
have  learned  from  other  quarters)  and    of  Christ  was  earty  assailed  ;  inspiration 

orthodox  sentiments  are  beginning  to  Tu"  ",eXt  doubtcd  a,nd  impugned.  Is  not 
gain  ground.    It  is  allowed;  by  those         !J™d1J  begUn  ^ere  ?  N,atural  re,igion 

writers,  that  the  doctrines  delivered  in  ?J  m  °rde,r;  and  tbe 

♦ko  c  '.~T  uutuiiies  uenverea  in  between  the  part  es  here  may  soon  be  in 

conRS!r,PHtUre^  T  ^UaHy  ™^ce,wLther»^2^Sl5,i;! 

considered  orthodox.    After  this  ac-  ligion  is  our  guide  and  our  hope  "»  n  144 
knowledgment.  the  next  step,  we  trust,       w  ^    our  nope.    p.  144. 

will  be  to  embrace  them  cordially.  recommend  this  passage  to  all 

Thus  far,  however,  a  great  step  is  *h°  *™  .befen  ,cd  to  ,do,i8e  America 

gained;  because  a  class  of  writers,  f*  a  model  for  religious  matters,  by 
who  are  prepossessed  in  favour  of  no  sPec,0vus  reasonings  of  a  class  of 

•et  of  opinions,  concur  in  their  expla-  ™"    •  WP°' to.8a>'  thc  leaft,  are  very 

nations  with  the  tenets  of  the  orthodox  8an8u,ne  'n  the'r  ,deas  of  the  result, 
churches  S,nce  the  above  w»s  written,  we 

Our  readers  must  not  confound  the  w^Ii  ITT  \theu  w,ork8  of  the 

exegetical  writings  with  what  they  Lea rned .    ghtfool>  wh'<*  deserves  to 

often  meet  with  at  home  in  the  shape  SLqUOted         rtmemb"ed  «  this 

of  exposition.    It  denotes  a  plain  i£?  ^p^T         h V' H*rmonv  of 

terpretation,  accompanied  with  such  ^  Four  EvanS^»^s,"  on  Lukeiii.  22, 
proofs  aud  illustrations  as  the  subject  8ByS' 

may  require;   but  does  not  include       "  In  reSard  to  the  Holy  Ghost  himself, 

practical  reflections,    or    what    are  wnose  wo«  k  in  the  church  was  now,  in  a 

usually  called  improvements.  more  sjiecia,1  and  frequcnt  manner,  to  be 
These  letters  are  addressed  to  the      •     "  ,  Un'leI  ?h<\GosPeI.  it  was  conve- 

celebrated  Unitarian  writer.  Dr.  Chan-  pre"  id' and  1^1^  \  might  be  ex' 

D>ng,  on  the  occasion  of  a  sermon  F  w  'evealed  to  be  a  personal 

preached  l£\lZ     I  v   **rmoil  substance,  and  not  an  operation  of  the 

Ke  Rev  SliilmQat  t.heord,nat.,0Kn|of  Godhead  only,  or  qualitative  virtue.  For 

had  ua'  jRbf 2  Spark    ,m  Wh,ch  he  4uahtle8'  operations,  and  acts,  cannot 

uaa  advanced  some  violent  remarks  assume  bodily  shapes,  nor  aught  but 

on  the  Trinitarian  doctrines.     The  what  is  in  itself  substantial."  Works, 

prvat  inconvenience    attending  this  Pitman's  edition,  vol.  iv.  p.  315. 

mTbeVm7f        thri8;ran  °bi^!°n  „  A6ain>  Mr«  ™s,  in  his  Tolvnesian 

Sis  J  n    ,D  afcW  ,n!f-  Wh*ch  5  Ruesearches'  inarms  us,  that 'among 

a  sir  Page8  t0  d,8"SS  -and  the   Lilians,   " sacrifice   was  fre- 

vohll'-  ™  fi.r8f  pAr}  ?f  th,s  1,ttIc  ^uent,y  ca,,ed  Taraehara,  a  compound 

ume  is  occupied  with  the  questions  terra,  signifying  a  disentangling  from 

grow  out  of  the  word  perscn.  guilt ;  from  tarat  to  untie  or  loosen 


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400 


Rkview.— Archxologia,  Vol.  XXVI. 


[Oct. 


and  hara,  guilt."  vol.  i.  p.  344.  We 
desire  no  better  commentary  on  the 
propitiary  expression  taking  away  sin, 
throughout  the  Bible.  S.  E.  L. 

Arch.eologia,  or  Miscellaneous  Tracts 
relating  to  Antiquity.  Published  by 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London. 
Vol.  XXVI.  Part  L 

Description  of  a  large  Collection  of 
Coins  of  IVilliam  the  Conqueror,  disco- 
vered at  Beaicarth,  in  Hampshire,  with 
an  attempt  at  a  chronological  arrranye- 
ment  of  the  Coins  of  IVilliam  I.  and  II. 
By  Edward  Hawkins,  F.R.S. 

THIS  remarkable  hoard,  which  must 
have  consisted  of  nearly  7000  pieces, 
in  the  highest  state  of  preservation, 
was  found  by  some  boys  who  were  at 
play  in  a  piece  of  pasture  land  called 
the  Old  Lit  ten,  attached  to  the  home- 
stead called  the  Manor  House  in  lice- 
worth.  They  were  contained  in  a 
leaden  box,  which  lay  so  near  the  sur- 
face that  a  wheel  track  exposed  a  por- 
tion of  it  to  the  boys.  The  spot  is 
no  doubt  rightly  considered  to  have 
been  within  the  boundary  of  the  old 
churchyard  of  Bcaworth.  The  church 
has  been  for  age3  destroyed,  and  its 
existence  rests  altogether  upon  faith- 
ful tradition.  Here  then  is  one  more 
instance  of  treasure  deposited  within 
a  sacred  precinct,  doubtless  for  securi- 
ty during  civil  commotions ;  as  such 
places  were  esteemed  sacred  by  all 
parties,  in  obedience  to  the  decrees  of 
the  church,  which  afforded  sanctuary 
not  only  to  the  persons  but  to  the 
goods  and  money  of  individuals.  A 
careful  and  accurate  list  is  given  of 
the  names  of  the  mints  and  raoneycrs 
impressed  on  the  coins  found  at  Bca- 
worth ;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  the 
whole  mass  consisted  of  pieces  of  what 
is  called  the  PAXS  type,  which  im- 
press has  been  cousidered,  by  an  emi- 
nent numismatist,  as  allusive  to  the 
suppression  of  some  popular  insurrec- 
tion during  the  uneasy  reign  of  the 
first  William.  It  may,  however,  we 
think  not  unreasonably  be  suggested, 
that  as  short  sentences  of  scriptural 
allusion  were  frequently  attached  to 
coin  in  the  middle  ages,  so  this  might 
be  read  either  Pax  Salvatoris,  a  pro- 
per motto  to  accompany  the  cross  on 
the  reverse  of  the  piece;  or  Pax  sit 
(vobisj,  in  allusion  to  the  words  of 
S 


our  Saviour  to  his  disciples,  A  very 
accurate  and  clear  plate  of  specimens 
of  the  coins  accompanies  Mr.  Haw- 
kins's paper. 

II.  Further  Observations  on  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Architecture  of  France  and 
England,  in  a  let  tor  from  Thomas  Rick- 
man,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

The  object  of  this  essay  is  to  point 
out  certain  characteristic  marks  which 
belong  to  the  mode  of  construction  of 
buildings  erected  before  the  year  of 
Christ  1000,  which  we  are  told  are 
these ;  the  masonry  has  a  peculiar 
sort  of  quoining,  which  is  used  with- 
out plaster  as  well  as  with,  consisting 
of  a  long  stone  set  at  the  corner  and 

a  short  one  lying 
on  it,  and  bending 
one  way  or  both  into 
the  wall.  Another 
peculiarity  is  the  u?e 
occasionally  of  very 
large  and  heavy 
blocks  of  stone  in 
particular  parts  of 
the  work,  while  the 
rest  is  mostly  of 
small  stones,  the  use 
of  what  is  called  Ro- 
bricks,  and  occasionally  of  an 
arch  with  stra^ht  sides  to  the  upper 
part  instead  of  curves.  The  want  of 
buttresses  is  to  be  noticed  as  being 
general  in  these  edifices,  and  occa- 
sional use  of  mouldings  much  like  Ro- 
man, and  in  the  division  of  the  win- 
dows of  a  sort  of  rude  ba- 
luster. The  occasional  in- 
troduction of  a  round  stair- 
case west  of  the  tower,  for 
the  purpose  of  access  to  the 
upper  floors,  and  at  all  times 
of  carvings,  much  more  rude 
than  the  generality  of  Nor- 
man work,  and  "of  others 
which  are  clear  imitations  of  Roman 
work.  Another  characteristic  of  this 
early  Saxon  style  is  found  (as  we  have 
said)  in  the  construction  of  the  arches, 
— when  large  they  are  circular,  when 
small  they  arc  formed  as  two  sides  of 
a  triangle. 

A  list  of  twenty  edifices,  possess- 
ing these  early  indications  of  construc- 
tion, in  thirteen  counties,  extending 
from  Whittinghani,  in  Northumber- 
land, north,  to  Sompting  on  the  coa>t 
of  Sussex,  south  ;  and  from  Barton 


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Review. — Arclucologta,  vol.  XXVI. 


10 1 


on  the  Huml)cr,  on  the  coast  of  Lin- 
colnshire, east  to  North  Jiurcombe  on 
the  west,  is  subjoined,  w  hich  we  tran- 
scribe for  the  benefit  of  our  antiqua- 
rian readers  : — Whittingham,  Nor- 
thurab. ;  Kirkdale,  York  ;  Laughton 
en  le  Morthen,  ditto ;  the  Tower  of 
St.  Peter's,  Barton  on  the  H umber, 
Line. ;  part  of  Ropsley,  Line. ;  the 
east  end  of  Rep  ton,  Derb. ;  the  tower 
of  Barnack,  Northamp. ;  the  east  end 
of  Whittering,  Northamp. ;  Brigstock, 
Northamp.  ;  Brixworth,  Northamp. ; 
the  tower   of  Karl's  Barton,  Nor- 
thamp. ;  ditto  of  Clapham,  Beds  ;  ditto 
of  St.  Benet,  Cambridge ;  ditto  of  St. 
Michael,  Oxford  ;  part  of  the  tower  of 
Trinity,  Colchester ;  parts  of  Stoke 
U*Abernon,  [or  rather  Stoke  by  Guil- 
ford; see  p.  IOC]  Surrey;  the  east 
end  of  North  Burcombe,  Wilts;  the 
doors  (stopped  up)  of  Britford,  ditto ; 
part  of  Worth,  Sussex,  part  of  Somp- 
ting,  Sussex.    Other  particulars,  im- 
portant for  settling  the  chronology 
of  ancient  architecture,  but  too  nu- 
merous for  notice  here,  are  detailed 
from  the  minute  and  valuable  notes  of 
Mf.  Rickraan,  whose  writings  will  re- 
main as  of  standard  authority  in  such 
matters. 

A  Letter  by  William  Young  Ottley, 
Esq.F.S.A.  on  a  MS.  in  the  lint.  Mas. 
believed  by  him  to  be  of  tlte  second  or  third 
Century,  and 'containing  the  translation  of 
Aratus'  Astronomical  Poem,  by  Cicero, 
accompanied  by  Drawings  of  the  Con- 
stellations ;  with  a  Preliminary  Disser- 
tation, in  proof  of  the  use  of  Minuscule 
Writing  by  the  Ancient  Romans,  and  a 
*  corrected  edition  of  the  Poem  itself,  in- 
cluding ten  lines  not  heretofore  known. 

This  MS.  [No.  647  of  the  Harleian 
Library]  the  ingenious  and  learned 
author  of  the  treatise  to  which  it  has 
given  rise,  describes  as  containing 
"  Cicero's  well  known  translation  of 
the  astronomical  poem  of  Aratus, 
with  figures  of  the  constellations  of 
somewhat  a  large  size,  done  in  colours; 
and  it  is  remarkable,  that  within  the 
outlines  of  the  figures,  the  prose  ac- 
counts of  these  constellations,  as  given 
°Y  Hyginus,  are  written  iu  small  ca- 
pitals; like  the  small  poems  of  Sim- 
fflias  Rhodius,  which  we  sec  inscribed 
in  the  shape  of  an  egg,  a  pair  of  wings, 
a  battle-axe,  an  altar,  &c.  in  the  Poetae 
Minores  Graci,"  p.  48.  Mr.  Ottley, 
Cent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV7. 


on  turning  over  the  leaves  of  this  ma- 
nuscript, soon  became  convinced,  from 
the  style  and  character  of  the  draw- 
ings, that  they  were  genuine  remains  of 
Romau  art,  and  that  the  greater  part 
of  the  manuscript  itself  was  equal  in 
antiquity  with  the  far-famed  Virgils 
and  Terence  of  the  Vatican. 

Mr.  Ottley's  well-known  taste  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  every  pe- 
riod of  pictorial  design,  entitle  his 
opinion  on  this  point  to  the  highest 
respect,  and  the  drawings  being  al- 
lowed to  belong  to  the  classic  period, 
it  follows  that  the  minuscule  charac- 
ters in  which  the  manuscript  is  writ- 
ten, are  of  the  same  age ;  these  minus- 
cules being  nothing  else  but  the  small 
letters  used  at  the  present  day  in  our 
printingtype.  It  follows,"  that  the  com- 
mon belief  that  the  ancients  were  unac- 
quainted with  minuscule  writing,  or 
that  if  they  did  use  minuscule  writing 
it  must  have  been  very  different  from 
that  practised  in  after  times,  is  ill 
founded."  This  indeed  is  an  import- 
ant proposition,  well  worthy  of  the 
labour  which  Mr.  Ottley  has  bestowed 
on  its  proof,  and  affecting  not  only 
the  antiquity  of  MSS.  but  of  many 
ancient  inscriptions. 

In  the  course  of  his  dissertation  Mr. 
Ottley  is  very  naturally  led  into  the 
consideration  of  the  various  substances 
on  which  the  ancients  wrote,  and  he 
gives  very  good  reason  for  supposing 
that  their  papyri  were  not  altogether 
composed  of  the  leaves  of  the  Egyptian 
plant,  but  that  they  were  acquainted 
with  the  manufacture  of  what  is  now 
termed  paper,  composed  of  mixed  ma- 
terials, "  though  for  a  long  time  per- 
haps the  use  of  wire  sieves  to  let  off 
the  superfluous  water  from  the  pulp 
may  not  have  been  thought  of,  and 
till  then  paper  may  have  been  made 
by  a  process  very  similar  to  that 
employed  by  our  hatters  in  making 
felt,  p.  G9;  which  supposition  Mr. 
Ottley  remarks  may  in  some  degree  ac- 
count for  the  great  strength  and  thick- 
ness which  he  has  commonly  observed 
in  the  oldest  papers  he  has  seen.  One 
very  striking  circumstance  in  favour 
of  this  conjecture  has  not  escaped  Mr. 
Ottley,  the  frequent  mention  by  classic 
writers  of  the  consignment  of  the  works 
of  authors  in  ancient  times,  ad  f  cos  et 
piperm,  as  many  a  well  paid  and 
puffed  author  of  modem  days  descends 
3  F 


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402  Review. — Archtcologia,  vol.  XXVI.  [Oct. 

within  a  few  short  years  to  the  butter  known,  long  before,  for  the  same  pur- 
shops  ;  he  justly  observes  that  the  pose,  than  an  invention ;  for  several 
material  of  the  papyrus,  considering  of  the  inscriptions  bearing  this  cba- 
the  mere  leaves  of  the  plant  to  have  racter  were  as  old,  he  concludes,  as 
been  implied  by  that  term,  would  have  the  persecution  of  Dioclesian,  and  he 
been  much  too  brittle  for  the  purpose  adds,  what  more  immediately  bears  on 
of  a  wrapper.  the  subject  of  our  author's  essay,  that 
When  Martial  speaks  of  a  "  cucul-  many  of  the  glass  fragments  on  which 
luspiperis  vel  thuris,"  Ep.  II.  lib.  3,  he  treats,  bore  inscriptions  in  a  sort 
he  means  such  a  paper  wrapper  as  of  cursive  character,  having  greater 
encloses  at  the  present  day,  for  many  analogy  to  the  Greek  than  the  Latin, 
a  good  old  dame,  a  pennyworth  of  which  he  concludes  was  adopted  either 
sugar.    Indeed,  the  Greek  and  Latin  for  the  sake  of  expedition,  or  because 
MSS.  found  at  Herculaneura  appear  the  scribe  was  a  Greek  or  a  Syrian, 
to  have  been  written  on  very  different  and  not  perfectly  conversant  with  the 
substances.   The  Latin  MSS.  were  so  Roman  character, 
concreted  together  in  mass,  that  they       The  Marquis  of  Maffci,  inhislstoria 
could  not  for  the  greater  part  be  un-  Diplomatica,  printed  in  1727,  first  en- 
rolled,  so  that  of  "  2366  columns  and  deavoured  to  simplify  the  subject  of 
fragments  already  opened,  only  forty  ancient  writing,  and  showed  that  the 
are  Latin,"  p.  67.  old  vulgar  belief,  that  there  were  five 
The  inference  seems  very  probable  kinds  of  ancient  characters  employed 
indeed,  that  the  Latin   MSS.  were  by  the  Scribes  of  Europe,  Roman, 
formed  of  a  manufactured  paper.    Pe-  Gothic,  Lombardic,  Saxon,  and  Fran- 
trus  Cluniacensis,  a  writer  of  the  first  co-Gallican,  was  altogether  an  ideal 
half  of  the  twelfth  century,  in  his  fabrication.  Indeed,  the  Lombards,  so 
Tractatua  contra  Judceos,  alludes  evi-  far  from  bringing  the  art  of  writing 
dently  to  paper  in  the  following  pas-  into  Italy,  were  ignorant  of  the  use  of 
sage  of  his  work  :  "  Legit  (inquit  Ju-  letters,  until  they  had  established  them - 
daeus)  Deus  in  Coelis  Librum  Talrauth.  selves  there,  and  acquired  them  fiom 
Scd   cujusmodi   librum  ?    Si   talem  the  descendants  of  its  ancient  inhabi- 
quales  quotidie  in  uso  legend i  habe-  tants.    All  these  imaginary  varieties 
mus,  utique  ex  pellibus  arietum  hir-  had  but  one  origin,  the  Roman  ;  and 
corum  vel  vitulorum,  sive  ex  biblis  vel  all  distinctions  may  be  merged  in  the 
juncis  oricntalium  paludium,  aut  ex  terras  majuscules,   employed  for  the 
rasuris  veterura  pannorum,  seu  ex  qua-  capitals,  minuscules  for  the  smaller  cha- 
libet  alia  forte  viliore  materia  compac-  racters,  and  cursive  when  the  letters 
tos,  et  pennis  avium  vel  calamis  palus-  run  into  easy  curves,  somewhat  re- 
trium  locorum  qualibet  tinctura  infec-  sembling  the  style  of  our  modern  hand 
tis  descriptos."  writing.    After  the  lucid  illustration 
Buonarotti,  in  his  work    Osserva-  and  support  which  the  assertions  of 
sioni  sopra  alcuni  fraramcnti  di  Versi  Maffei  have  received  from  Mr.  Ottley, 
Antichi,  di  vetro,"  &c.  fol.  Fiorenze,  we  think  we  shall  hear  no  more  of 
1716,  seems  to  have  been  the  earliest  Longobardic,  Merovingian  characters, 
writer  who  has  in  any  decided  manner  &c.  but  simply  of  Roman  majuscules, 
asserted  that  the  ancients  used  minus-  and  Roman  minuscules, 
cule  characters.  These  fragments  were       The  black  letter,  still  retained  in 
bottoms  of  drinking  glasses  found  in  Germany,  was  evidently  an  ingenious 
the  catacombs  of  Rome,  many  of  them  artifice  of  the  scribes  of  the  middle 
inscribed  with  the  well-known  mono-  age,  to  make  as  many  straight  strokes 
gram  which  Constantine  caused  to  be  as  possible  suffice  for  an  inscription ; 
embroidered  on  his  Labarum,  if  we  and,  by  the  by,  when  introduced  in 
remember  rightly  the  statement  of  sculpture,  it  has  aa  effect  eminently 
T)  Eusebi  us,  in  jewels  and  gold,  ornamental,  and  harmonizes  with  the 
-\Tr-  and  which  was  considered  to  Pointed  style.    We  could  point  out,  in 
^T±.  have  been  first  adopted  by  him  illustration  of  this  assertion,  the  in- 
in  consequence  of  it  being  indicated  scriptions  of  the  monument  of  Abbot 
to  him  in  his  famous  vision.    Buona-  Wheathampsted,  at  St.  Alban's,  and 
rotti  shows  that  the  monogrammatic  the  verge  of  the  table  monument  on 
symbol  thus  employed  was  rather  an  which  the  figure  of  Edward  the  Black 
adaptation  or  recognition  of  one  well  Prince  reposes  at  Canterbury. 


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1835  ] 


Review.— Britton's  Worcester  Cathedral. 


Mr.  Ottley,  we  think,  has  most  fully 
shown  that  the  passage  of  St.  Jerome, 
io  which  "  Uteris  uncialibus"  has  been 
altered  by  Cayley  to  Uteris  initialibus, 
ought  to  be  restored  to  its  former 
reading  ;  for  the  term  had  evidently, 
ear  origine,  no  reference  whatever  to 
the  form  of  the  letters,  but  to  their 
size.     He  justly  remarks  that  a  la- 
mentable confusion  has  arisen  by  mo- 
dern writers  adopting  this  term  indis- 
criminately on  many  occasions  for 
round  or  square  capitals,  and  by  their 
fabricating  another,  used  with  as  little 
particularity,  semi- uncial.    We  do  not 
find  that  he  has  remarked  how  fre- 
quently the  Greek  are  found  mixed 
with  our  square  Roman  letters  in  our 
Romano.  British    inscriptions;  how 
often  the  circular  backed  e  is  em- 
ployed in  these  old  memorials,  and 
in  many  instances  the  2,  the  17,  and  v ; 
instances  indeed  of  the  cursive  also,  on 
such  memorials  are  not  wanting. 

Mr.  Ottley *s  essay  is  copiously  il- 
lustrated by  fac-simile  specimens  of 
various  inscriptions  remaining  on  the 
walla  of  Pompeii,  of  the  characters  of 
MSS.  found  at  Herculaneura,  of  those 
of  the  Vatican  Terence,  and  of  other 
writings,  considered  the  most  ancient 
extant  in  the  world,  all  tending  to 
show  that  minuscule  characters,  from 
a  very  early  period,  were  employed  by 
the  ancients. 

There  are  also  numerous  plates  co- 
pied from  the  ancient  MS.  of  Aratus, 
which  he  considers  of  the  classic  pe- 
riod, and  from  another  copy  (Bibl. 
Cotton.  Tib.  B,  v.)  of  the  same  trea- 
tise,  with  illuminations  of  the  Saxon 
age,  in  which  the  Saxon 'artist  has 
adopted  the  costume  of  his  own  pe- 
riod in  the  figures  which  represent  the 
constellations,  and  this  is  particularly 
remarkable  in  the  lingettes,  or  ban- 
dages, with  which  the  legs  of  the  Saxons 
are  swathed,  instead  of  the  sandal- 
bands  worn  by  the  Romans.  On  the 
whole,  this  essay  must  be  considered 
^  one  of  the  most  elaborate  and  im- 
portant which  has  ever  been  written 
with  a  view  to  settle  the  chronology 
of  different  modes  of  chirography  in 
the  most  remote  ages  of  literature. 

The  MS.  copy  of  the  Aratea  of  Mar- 
Jiis  Tullius  Cicero,  in  the  Harleian 
Library,  has  formed  the  text  for  this 
elaborate  dissertation.  It  contains  ten 
lines  more  than  are  to  be  found  in  any 


printed  copy.  These  occur  at  the  end 
of  the  poem,  and  will  suffice  at  once 
as  a  specimen  of  the  subject  and  the 
style  of  its  versification  : 

Sed  cum  se  medium  coeli  in  regione  locavit 
Magnus  Aquarius,  etvestivitlumine  terras, 
Turn  pedibus  simul  et  supra  cervice  jubata 
Cedit  Equus  fugiens,  et  contra  signipotens 

nox  %.  [ipsa; 

Cauda  Centaurum  retinens,  ad  se  rapit 
Nec  pods  est  caput  atque  umeros*  obdu- 

cere  latoa,  [vestit; 
Cervicem  atque  oculorum  ardentia  lumina 
Hanc  autem  properant  dcpeUere  Pisces. 

[To  be  continued'] 


History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Ca- 
thedral Church  of  Worcester.  By  John 
Britton,  F.S.A.,  &c.  4to. 

WE  were  truly  pained  by  reading 
the  announcement  that  the  subject  of 
the  present  review  is  the  last  of  the 
Cathedrals  which  the  indefatigable 
author  intends  to  illustrate. 

The  volume  commences  with  an  ex- 
tended prefatory  essay,  in  which  is 
detailed  the  origin  and  progress  of  the 
"  Cathedral  Antiquities,"    and  the 
causes  which  have  led  to  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  undertaking.    It  is  deeply 
to  be  regretted  that  the  author  of  a 
work  so  valuable,  should  have  occasion 
to  complain  of  any  want  of  patronage 
either  public  or  individual,  or  to  feel 
that  his  profits  were  diminished  by  the 
operation  of  an  Act  of  Parliament 
which  professes  to  have  been  enacted 
for  the  protection  of  literary  property. 
The  neglect  of  the  dignitaries  of  seve- 
ral of  the  Cathedrals  is  justly  a  subject 
of  complaint.    He  might  naturally 
have  formed  the  expectation  that  the 
higher  orders  of  the  Clergy,  possessed 
of  splendid  endowments,  and  distin- 
guished for  their  learning  and  their 
talents,  would  have  cheerfully  stepped 
forward  as  the  patrons  of  a  work 
which  was  dedicated  to  the  illustration 
of  the  beauties  of  those  valuable  ex- 
amples of  ancient  art,  of  which  they 
were  the  legal  guardians.    That  an 
author,  who  had  entered  into  an  un- 
dertaking of  such  magnitude  as  to 
comprise  the  whole  of  the  Cathedrals, 
should  have  been  disappointed  in  the 
hopes  of  that  patronage  which  he  had 
so  reasonably  anticipated,  is  much  to 

•  Thus  written,  without  the  aspirate. 


Digitized  by  Google 


404 


Rkvibw.— Britton  $  Worcester  Cathedral. 


be  deplored.    In  some  instance  en- 
couragement was  given,  and  in  every 
case  Mr.  Britton  cheerfully  acknow- 
ledges the  extent  of  his  obligations. 
It  ii  unpleasing  to  be  compelled  to  add 
that  such  instances  were  the  excep- 
tions.   A  heavier  charge  is  brought 
against  the  superiors  of  two  of  the 
Cathedrals.     In  these  instances  the 
author  states  that  difficulties  were  ac- 
tually thrown  in  the  way  of  his  pro- 
ceedings.   Such  conduct  being  in  the 
highest  degree  illiberal,  and  at  the 
same  time  happily  far  from  common, 
Mr.  Britton  has  properly  named  the 
two  Cathedrals  (Exeter  and  Hereford) 
at  which  he  received  this  unworthy 
treatment.    We  have  ourselves  felt  a 
degree  of  annoyance  at  the  obstacles 
which  arc  sometimes  thrown  in  the 
way  of  those  individuals,  who  may 
wish  to  take  more  than  a  cursory  view 
of  our  venerable  Cathedrals.    In  some, 
the  building  has  been  as  free  as  the 
air ;  in  others,  it  has  been  necessary  to 
obtain  a  formal  permission  to  copy  a 
shield  of  arms  or  an  inscription,  or 
to  draw  a  moulding  or  a  monument. 
In  some  instances  the  difficulty  has 
appeared  to  arise  from  the  interference 
of  the  architect  engaged  on  the  repairs 
of  the  structure  ;  but  in  no  case  have 
we  to  complain  of  the  treatment  ex- 
perienced by  Mr.  Britton.    At  Exeter 
we  can  state  that  a  more  liberal  policy 
now  prevails,  for  a  simple  application 
to  a  venerable  and  excellent  dignitary 
of  that  church  obtained  an  immediate 
permission  to  visit  the  edifice  with  the 
utmost  freedom  ;  and  we  hope  for  the 
sake  of  the  interests  of  the  fine  arts, 
that  at  the  present  time  a  similar  line 
of  couduct  would  be  pursued  in  every 
instance.    The  Cathedrals  are  schools 
of  design  in  Gothic  architecture,  and 
their  doors  should  be  freely  opened  to 
every  student. 

Tne  author  concludes  his  preface 
with  a  kind  of  autobiographical  sketch, 
in  continuation  as  it  were  of  a  memoir 
of  himself,  which  appeared  with  his 
third  volume  of  the  Beauties  of  Wilt- 
shire. While  tracing  the  workings  of 
an  active  mind  in  the  several  literary 
labours  in  which  Mr.  Britton  has 
been  constantly  engaged,  we  can  enter 
into  the  feelings  with  which  he  must 
have  been  compelled  to  give  up  this 
favourite  plan,  and  we  still  hope 
that  patronage  will,  in  some  way,  be 


found  to  encourage  the  author,  now 
that  only  six  Cathedrals  remain  unde- 
scribed  to  complete  the  undertaking  as 
originally  planned. 

Much  as  we  deplore  the  individual 
apathy  of  which  Mr.  Britton  com- 
plains, we  could  wish  that  the  allu- 
sions to  alleged  unpopularity  of  Cath- 
edral establishments,  public  clamour, 
and  such  like  matters,  which  can  only 
create  unpleasant  feelings,  had  been 
omitted.  Heaven,  in  its  mercy,  forbid 
that  the  demons  of  revolution  should 
be  let  loose  on  these  venerable  remains 
of  our  forefathers'  piety !  It  is  un- 
happily too  certain,  that  in  the  present 
day, 

 There  are  Demagogues  enough, 

And  Infidels  to  pull  down  every  steeple, 
And  set  up  in  their  stead  some  proper  Btuff ; 

and  that  with  this  class  reform  and 
destruction  are  synonymous,  when 
a  church  is  the  theme  of  their  ora- 
tions ;  but  that  our  Cathedrals  may 
be  preserved  from  their  fangs,  must  be 
the  wish  and  prayer  not  alone  of  every 
Churchman,  but  of  every  sincere 
Christian.  We  have  only  to  look  to 
a  neighbouring  kingdom  covered  with 
the  ruins  of  her  Churches  and  her  Ca- 
thedrals ;  we  have  only  to  look  at 
the  fact  of  a  structure,  consecrated  to 
the  worship  of  the  Deity,  being  eon- 
verted  into  a  Pantheon  to  commemo- 
rate the  actions  of  men,  and  those 
impious  men  ;  we  have  only  to  read 
the  almost  daily  accounts  of  churches 
ransacked  and  destroyed,  and  the  mi- 
nisters of  Heaven  murdered  at  the 
altars  in  another  kingdom,  to  make  us 
shudder  whenever  we  hear  fears  for  the 
safety  of  our  own  Cathedrals  so  much 
as  hinted  at ;  and  to  regret  that  the  least 
encouragement  should  be  given  to  a  po- 
pular cry,  which  we  see  has  elsewhere 
produced  such  lamentable  results. 

The  Cathedral  of  Worcester  is  a 
curious  example  of  the  early  Pointed 
style,  and  in  common  with  recent 
other  churches  of  the  same  rank  was 
raised  on  the  basis  of  a  Norman  edi- 
fice. A  complete  Church,  in  the  pre- 
valent style  of  architecture,  appears  to 
have  been  raised  by  St.  Wulstan,  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  eleventh  century. 
In  common  with  the  great  majority  of 
the  Norman  churches,  it  bad  a  semi- 
circular apsis,  a  form  of  termination 
for  a  choir  so  grand  and  imposing  that 
it  is  surprising  that  it  should  have 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1335.] 


Review.— Italy,  and  Italian  Literature. 


been  so  universally  disregarded  by  the 
judicious  and  tasteful  architects  of  our 
more  recent  churches ;  and  judging 
from  the  noble  crypt  which  still  exists, 
and  the  small  remains  of  circular  ar- 
chitecture visible  in  the  superstructure, 
the  former  Church  must  have  been  an 
extensive  and  handsome  specimen  of 
the  style  which  we  now  designate  the 
Norman. 

It  has  suffered,  in  the  whole,  as 
much  from  modern  repairs  and  inju- 
dicious and  ill-executed  restorations, 
as  from  the  fingers  of  time,  and  at  the 
present  day  it  would  appear  that  a 
fancy  fof  cropping  down  pinnacles,  is 
now  operating  to  the  injury  of  the 
church.  It  must  be  deeply  regretted, 
that  the  ideas  of  improvement  sug- 
gested by  architects  are  so  often  al- 
lowed to  operate  to  the  serious  injury 
of  so  many  fine  buildings  of  antiquity. 

The  illustrations  of  this  Cathedral 
are  seventeen  in  number,  and  in  pur- 
suance of  the  original  plan  of  the 
work,  shew  the  various  styles  of  archi- 
tecture, by  means  of  elevations  and 
sections,  aided  by  perspective  views  of 
the  most  picturesque  portions  of  tht 
structure. 

The  engravings  are  all,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Plan ,  executed  by  M .  Le 
Keux,  whose  name  is  a  sufficient  gua- 
rantee for  their  merit. 

We  trust  the  excellence  of  the  pre- 
sent volume,  which  (with  all  the  want 
of  patronage,  and  notwithstanding  the 
very  scanty  list  of  subscribers,)  is  in 
point  of  merit  no  way  behind  its  pre- 
decessors, will  attract  a  sufficient  de- 
gree of  patronage  to  induce  the  au- 
thor to  alter  the  resolution  he  has 
made  of  closing  the  series ;  and  that 
cheered  by  a  rapid  and  extensive  sale,  he 
will  proceed,  as  he  originally  intended, 
to  illustrate  the  whole  of  the  Cathe- 
drals of  England,  and  he  will  then 
have  the  satisfaction  of  completing  a 
splendid  national  work,  unique  in  its 
character,  and  worthy  of  the  noble 
structures  to  whose  merits  it  is  dedi- 
cated. 

Italy  and  Italian  Literature.  By  Charles 
Herbert,  Esq. 

IT  has  long  appeared  to  us  an  unde- 
niable fact,  that  no  man  can  perfectly 
understand  the  literature,  or  write 
the  history  of  a  country,  which  he  has 


not  visited.  The  manners,  the  pas- 
sions, the  institutions  of  a  people  ;  the 
rivers,  plains,  and  mountains,  all  skyey 
influences  commingled,  form  part  of 
the  imagination,  and  by  the  creative 
power  of  genius  are  transfused  into  its 
great  works  cither  of  poetry  or  of  art. 
As  the  Grecian  sculptor  was  inspired 
by  the  exhibition  of  human  power  in 
the  public  games,  as  Titian  caught  the 
beauteous  tints  of  his  canvass  from  the 
sky  of  Venice,  so  did  the  writings  of 
Dante,  Boccacio,  Ariosto,  Alfieri,  de- 
rive their  breath  and  being  from  the 
land  of  the  Po,  the  Arno,  and  the 
Appenines;  from  the  ruins  of  the 
Roman  empire ;  from  the  dawn  of  a 
new  civilization  and  liberty  in  Italian 
hearts. 

Italy  and  Italian  Literature  are  then 
well  conjoined  ;  they  mutually  explain 
and  shed  illustration  on  each  other. 
Mr.  Herbert  has  not  attempted  to  dis- 
cover any  new  sense  in  the  Italian 
classics ;  nor  to  criticize  words ;  nor 
to  dissert  on  accents,  orthography,  or 
mystic  allusions  ;  he  does  not  appear 
to  have  trod  in  Sir  William  Gell's 
footsteps ;  to  have  even  excavated  a  sin- 
gle foot  of  the  Italian  soil,  or  to  have 
cleared  a  single  kitchen  in  Pompeii ; 
nor  have  we  discovered  any  very  ex- 
tended philosophical  views  of  Italian 
society,  science,  or  arts.  Notwith- 
standing all  these  marked  deficiencies, 
Mr.  Herbert  has  fully  accomplished  the 
task  he  appears  to  have  undertaken ; 
he  has  written  a  highly  interesting 
volume  on  a  beautiful  theme.  He  has 
looked  on  Italy  "  with  a  quiet  eye  of 
love,"  has  treasured  many  of  her  fair- 
est scenes — her  most  precious  relics  ; 
and  not  fully  satisfied  with  the  vision 
of  that  country  as  it  appears  to  the 
traveller,  has  peopled  it  with  her  great 
and  distinguished  men  of  the  old  and 
later  times. 

With  the  amusing  strain  of  a  book 
of  travels,  much  lively  description 
and  interesting  observation  on  man- 
ners and  Italian  politics,  Mr.  Herbert 
has  mingled  much  solid  instruction. 
We  know  of  no  book  in  the  English 
Language,  which  presents  so  pleasing 
an  introduction  to  Italian  literature, 
so  many  biographical  and  critical 
notices  of  the  Italian  writers,  or  so 
much  information  indispensable  to 
every  one  commencing  the  study  of 


Digitized  by  Google 


40G 


Review. — Hodgson's  Northumberland. 


the  Italian  language.  The  book 
would  be  useful  in  schools.  Those 
who  profess  crossing  the  Alps,  or  vi- 
siting the  Eternal  City,  will  find  it  au 
instructive  and  agreeable  companion. 
It  is  dedicated  in  a  rather  flattering 
but  manly  strain  to  Sir  J.  Cam  Hob- 
house,  whose  illustrations  of  Childe 
Harold  shew  that  he  is  a  very  accom- 

{ dished  Italian  scholar.  A  picture  of 
taly  and  its  classical  writers,  animated 
by  the  striking  events  of  its  history, 
such  as  the  one  before  us,  is  however 
more  likely  to  be  read,  in  illustration 
of  Childe  Harold,  Dante,  Petrarch, 
and  Ariosto,  than  anything  the  ablest 
pen  of  criticism  has  produced. 


The  History  0/  Northumberland.  By 
the  Rev.  John  Hodgson,  M.R.S.L. 
Part  IIL  Vol.  III.    4  to. 

THE  hearty  commendation  we  have 
frequently  bestowed  upon  the  pre- 
ceding portions  of  this  publication,  is 
equally  deserved  by  the  present  part, 
which  exhibits  not  merely  a  strong 
antiquarian  zeal,  but  also  a  correct 
antiquarian  judgment  in  the  selection 
of  authorities.   The  bulk  of  the  vo- 
lume consists  of  extracts  from  the 
Pipe  Rolls  of  all  the  passages  relating 
to  Northumberland,  from  1130  to 
1272.    In  a  preceding  part  of  our 
present  Number,  we  have  explained 
the  value  and  exhibited  the  general 
character  of  these  Records,  and  we 
need  not  repeat  the  opinions  we  have 
there  expressed ;  but  we  would  call, 
earnestly,    upon    all  topographical 
writers  to  imitate  the  example  of  Mr. 
Hodgson,  and  ascend  with  him  to 
these  the  true  fountains  of  correct  his- 
torical knowledge.    It  is  not  indeed 
every  author  who,  like  Mr.  Hodgson, 
can  afford  to  pay  the  heavy  price  de- 
manded for  office  copies  of  Records  of 
this  description ;  but  the  Record  Com- 
missioners are  continually  adding  to 
our  stock  of  valuable  printed  docu. 
ments  of  a  similar  character,  and  it  is 
to  them  that  we  would  in  the  first  in- 
stance direct  attention.    We  are  con- 
vinced that  the  improvement  in  topo- 
graphical knowledge,  which  would 
ensue  from  a  general  study  of  these 
works,  can  scarcely  be  imagined.  Mr. 
Hodgson  is  now  about  to  proceed  un- 
interruptedly with  his  Parochial  His- 
tory, and  will,  we  trust,  soon  give  us 


an  opportunity  of  observing  the  use 
he  has  made  of  this  valuable  addition 
to  his  materials. 

In  a  very  intelligent  preface,  Mr. 
Hodgson  has  explained  the  nature  of 
the  Pipe  Rolls,  and  given  translations 
of  the  Northumberland  extracts  from 
one  Roll  in  the  reign  of  each  of  the 
Kings  in  his  series.    He  bespeaks  the 
forbearance  of  antiquaries  towards  his 
translations ;  hut,  as  far  as  we  have  ob- 
served, without  any  necessity.  He 
has  also  published  in  his  preface  an 
ancient  document,  which  is  apparently 
a  return  made  by  one  of  the  Collectors 
appointed  to  assess  the  ninth  and  fif- 
teenth granted  to  Edward  HI.  A.D. 
1340  (see  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  111.  New 
Series,  p.  135).   This  document  was 
not  known  to  exist  when  the  Nonaram 
Inquisitiones  were  published  in  1807. 
In  that  publication  there  are  no  re- 
turns for  Northumberland.    The  loss 
of  them  is  partly  supplied  by  this  do- 
cument, which  is  now  printed  for  the 
first  time.    So  also  are  some  Eccle- 
siastical Inquests,  and  a  portion  of  a 
MS.  preserved  in  the  library  of  the 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of 
Newcastle  upon  Tyne,  which  consists 
of  a  list  of  the  holders  of  lands  in 
Northumberland,  in  the  10th  year  of 
Elizabeth.    We  heartily  recommend 
this  part  of  Mr.  Hodgson's  work  to  all 
persons  interested  in  Records,  not  ex- 
cepting the  Commissioners,  who  ought 
certainly  to  inspect  it,  if  it  be  only  to 
learn  in  what  a  comparatively  econo- 
mical manner  it  is  possible  to  publish 
ancient  documents. 


A  Treatise  on  Friendly  Societies,  in 
which  the  Doctrine  of  Interest  of 
Money,  and  the  Doctrine  of  Proba- 
bility, are  practically  applied  to  the 
affairs  of  such  Societies:  with  nu- 
merous Tables;  and  an  Appendix, 
containing  the  Acts  of  Parliament  re- 
la  ting   to  Friendly   Societies.  By 
Charles  Ansell,  Esq.  F.R.S.  Ac- 
tuary to  the  Atlas  Assurance  Com- 
pany.   Published  under  the  tuperin- 
tendence  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffu- 
sion of  Useful  Knowledge.    8vo.  pp. 
198. 

THE  title  of  this  volume  sufficiently 
explains  its  object;  and  we  have  no 
doubt  that  it  will  promote  that  pro- 
vident ccconomy  among  the  middling 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835] 


Review. — Friendly  Societies — Sculpture  in  Wood.  407 


and  lower  classes,  which  is  so  inti- 
mately connected  with  their  own  per- 
sonal happiness  and  enjoyment  of  life, 
and  with  the  well-being  of  society. 

On  pp.  9  to  11,  the  author  has  no- 
ticed the  ancient  gildes,  as  the  models 
on  which  modern  friendly  societies  are 
formed,  and  has  given  from  Hickes' 
Thesaurus,   and  from  Dugdale,  the 
constitutions  of  some  of  them,  in  cor- 
roboration of  this  fact.     Wc  quite 
concur  in  the  opinion  that  the  ancient 
gildes  were  friendly  societies,  although 
we  doubt   whether  they  "  had  no 
further  object  than  the  relief  of  the 
brethren   in  times  of  distiess,  and 
perhaps  the  protection  of  the  asso- 
ciated members  against  the  lawless  at- 
tacks of  powerful  neighbours."  On 
the  contrary,  we  see  very  little  reason 
to  doubt  that  they  had  their  origin  in 
the  piety,  however  mistaken,  of  the 
early  ages  of  Christianity,  and  that 
"  pious  offices  "  were  not  merely  "  con- 
comitants," but  were  originally  the 
principal  objects  of  such  fraternities  ; 
with  which  charity,  hospitality,  convi- 
viality, and  commercial  adventure,  were 
afterwards  associated  as  concomitants. 

It  is  however  a  fact,  that  their  early 
history  is  involved  in  some  obscurity, 
which,  probably,  time  and  an  exami- 
nation of  their  records  may  hereafter 
remove.  • 

Mr.  Ansel t's  tables  and  calculations 
will  be  found  of  great  use  by  persons 
connected  with  friendly  societies. 


An  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Art  of 
Sculpture  in  Wood,  from  the  earliest 
period  to  the  present  time.  By  Ro- 
bert Folkestone  Williams,  Author 
of  "  Rhymes  and  Rhapsodies,"  8vo. 
pp.  109. 

THIS  little  book  having  been  sent 
into  the  world  to  pave  the  way  for  a 
larger  one,  the  author  has  wisely  failed 
to  anticipate  the  pleasure  and  instruc- 
tion which  his  readers  may  expect  to 
derive  from  the  investigation  of  the 
heavier  tome,  and  he  leaves  them  to 
indulge  in  the  hope  that  the  paucity 
of  original  information  in  the  octavo 
will  be  fully  compensated  for  by  the 
completeness  of  the  coming  quarto, 
which,  in  the  author's  own  words,  is 
to  be  "  a  complete  book  of  reference, 
in  which  every  thing  relating  to  tim- 
ber architecture,   and  sculpture  in 


wood,  will  be  lucidly  arranged  and 
philosophically  treated." 

We  should  have  suspected  that  an 
author  who  had  investigated  the  sub- 
ject of  wood  carving  so  very  deeply, 
would  have  been  an  oracle  of  informa- 
tion to  the  many  friends  whose  valu- 
able collections  he  so  kindly  intro- 
duces to  public  notice.  Yet  here  we 
meet  with  a  second  disappointment : 
for  even  on  a  subject  so  well  under- 
stood as  the  ludicrous  carvings  which 
are  to  be  found  by  the  prying  anti- 
quary beneath  the  seats  of  many  of  our 
cathedrals,  the  origin  of  which  may  be 
traced  to  the  disputes  and  animosities 
between  the  regular  and  secular  clergy, 
we  find  the  author  fearful  of  draw- 
ing on  his  own  stock  of  originality, 
cautiously  obtaining  the  opinion  of 
one  of  his  friends,  and  this  opinion  he 
retails  with  great  gravity  as  a  per- 
fectly new  discovery. 

But,  during  the  time  the  author  is 
engaged  investigating  the  obscure  carv- 
ings under  the  seats  of  the  church,  he 
seems  to  have  overlooked  another  class 
of  works  of  the  middle  ages,  which 
would  appear  to  bear  more  closely 
upon  the  subject  of  his  treatise.  This 
class  comprehends  the  ancient  monu- 
mental statues  in  wood,  specimens  of 
which  are  to  be  met  with  in  most  of 
our  larger  churches,  but  with  the  ex- 
istence of  which  the  author  appears 
to  be  totally  unacquainted. 

It  may  be  a  matter  of  information, 
and  will  be  a  useful  hint  towards  the 
compilation  of  the  larger  work,  to  re- 
mind Mr.  Williams  of  the  class  of  sta- 
*  tuary,  at  the  head  of  which  stands  the 
unrivalled  effigy  of  Robert  Duke  of 
Normandy,  in  Gloucester  Cathedral. 

Upon  the  works  of  a  more  recent 
period  the  author  is  not  a  whit  more 
diffuse ;  for  we  find  that  Gibbons,  the 
surprising  artist  to  whose  hand  the 
beautiful  decorations  of  so  mauy  of 
Wren's  churches  are  owing,  is  with 
his  works  very  slightly  noticed  from 
some  modern  compilation. 

But  after  all  it  would  seem  that  the 
principal  object,  both  of  octavo  and 
quarto,  is  to  excite  public  attention  to 
an  exhibition  of  carved  statues,  which 
are  said  to  be  works  of  Brustolini. 
These  works,  the  author  states,  are 
open  for  public  inspection,  and  he  re- 
commends the  reader  to  see  them  and 
judge  for  himself,  and  with  a  view  of 


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assisting  him  he  gives  a  list  of  the 
subjects,  with  the  inscriptions,  accom- 
panied by  translations  exactly  copied 
from  the  catalogue  sold  at  the  rooms. 

We  have  already  described  the  sta- 
tues in  question,  as  they  appear  at 
present,  (Gent.  Mag.  vol.  Ill  p.  191,) 
and  we  assigned  them  to  the  class  of 
architectural  sculptures  denominated 
Atlas's,  which  were  very  common  at 
the  period  when  these  were  executed. 
In  works  of  architecture  they  usually 
supplied  the  place  of  columns,  by  sus- 
taining an  entablature  ;  but  in  the  pre- 
sent instance  they  are  said  to  have  sup- 
ported heavy  buttresses,  in  what  way 
is  not  explained. 

The  feature  in  which  the  present 
differ  from  other  carvings  in  wood,  is 
in  the  attempt  which  the  artist  has 
made  to  imitate  in  the  closest  manner 
the  appearance  of  statuary.  The  wood 
is  exceedingly  close-grained,  and  the 
sculptor  has  succeeded  in  gaining  a 
smoothness  which  could  scarcely  be 
expected  from  the  material.  This  pe- 
culiarity is  unnoticed  by  the  author. 

Mr.  Williams  alludes  to  the  superi- 
ority of  the  carvers  of  Germany,  both 
in  ancient  and  modern  times.   At  the 


first  sight  of  these  statues  we  imagined 
them  to  be  the  work  of  a  German  ar- 
tist.   Some  degree  of  mystery  seems 
to  hang  over  their  existence.  They 
are  said  to  have  once  adorned  the  li- 
brary of  the  well-known  church  of  St. 
John  and  St.  Paul  at  Venice,  and 
some  engravings  are  cited  as  evidences 
of  the  truth  of  this  important  point  in 
their  history.     But  it  must  not  be 
overlooked,  that  one  of  the  inscriptions 
evidently  contains  sufficient  to  lead  to 
the  identification  of  the  monastery 
from  which  they  have  been  removed. 
Mr.  Williams  will  perhaps  at  a  future 
period  inform  his  readers  why  he  trans- 
lates "Hujus  convent'  filius,"  in  the 
inscription  upon  the  statue  of  Zuinglc, 
by  an  "  &c." 

The  subject  is  one  which  in  good 
hands  would  form  the  basis  of  an  ex- 
cellent treatise.  We  hope  that  the 
author  of  '*  Rhymes  and  Rhapsodies  " 
will  succeed  in  producing  such  a  work 
in  his  forthcoming  volume  ;  but,  if  the 
sample  now  before  us  is  a  fair  speci- 
men of  the  bulk,  we  fear  he  will  only- 
keep  his  "word  of  promise  to  his 
readers'  ear,  and  break  it  to  their 
hope." 


Harold  deBurun,  a  semi-dramatic  Poem, 
in  six  Scenes,  by  Henry  Austen  Driver, 
author  of  "The  Arabs,"  a  Poem.—  Lord 
Byron  is  the  hero  of  this  poem.  Percy, 
is  Percy  B.  Shelley ;  and  Ten-.sa,  we  sup- 
pose, the  Countess  of  Guiccioli :  to  these 
Persona  Dramatis  arc  to  be  added  Ma- 
ledicus  and  Patronus,  a  hermit,  a  pea- 
sant, ted  a  minstrel.  These  are  strange 
materials  for  a  drama ;  yet  the  genius  of. 
the  author  has  produced,  certainly  not  a 
good  play,  but  a  very  clever  and  power- 
ful poem.  We  cannot  say  much  for  the 
dramatic,  but  the  descriptive  parts  are 
good,  sometimes  excellent  :  there  is  a 
fine  flow  of  verse,  and  a  rich  combination 
of  language  ;  some  new  and  elegant  meta- 
phors, and  some  few  moral  reflections 
well  expressed.  We  admire  the  author's 
powers  more  than  their  production  :  he 
conceives  powerfully,  and  express  him- 
self with  elegance  and  vigour.  There  are 
some  queer  little  blotehes  on  his  muse's 
face,  as  capsoniancy  (O  Lord,  what  a 
word  !) — "  the  lovely  vortices  of  a  lady's 
eyes" — "the  pyramidal  institutes  of  time" 
— "  the  delices  of  hope  in  earlier  life" — 
which  some  cooling  physic  from  some  of 
the  reviewers  will  doubtless  remove.  We 
would  willingly  have  given  some  extracts*, 
but  the  margin  of  our  book  is  full. 


Sonnets,  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Strong, 
A.M. — A  Sonnet  is  a  poem  undoubt- 
edly as  perfect  and  entire  in  itself  as 
any  other,  even  the  Epic  or  Dramatic. 
It  ought  to  have,  like  all  other  poems,  a 
beginning,  a  middle,  and  an  end  :  it  ought 
to  be  inclosed  within  the  limit  of  fourteen 
lines,  and  to  have  a  certain  number  of 
lines  ending  with  the  same  rhymes.  It 
may  run  on  without  any  decided  pause  or 
break  through  its  structure ;  or,  as  is 
most  often  the  case,  it  may  rest  at  the 
end  of  the  eighth  line  :  other  varieties  in 
this  pause  are  admitted  at  the  will  of  the 
poet,  but  the  one  mentioned  is  the  most 
common.    There  were   many  beautiful 
sonnets  written  by  our  Elizabethan  poets, 
as   Shakspeare,   Spenser,    Daniel,  and 
Drummond  ;  but  few,  however,  after  the 
strict  Italian  model,  either  in  the  rhymes 
or  pauses  ;  of  which  Milton  gave  the  first 
example ;  and  most  eminently  beautiful 
his  sonnets  are.    With  the  exception  of  a 
few  by  Hamfyldc,  and  one  or  two  by  other 
poets,  Mr.  Word>worth  claims  the  place 
of  honour,  as  a  sonneteer,  next  to  Milton ; 
though  ?ome  of  Mr.  Wordsworth's  son- 
nets  arc   irregular  in   structure.  Mr. 
Strong's  arc  the  production  of  a  man  of 
elegant  taste,  and  a  scholar    simple  and 
se  vere  in  the  language,  and  preserving  a 


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proper  unity  in  the  subject ;  but  they  are 
deficient  in  that  interrupted  harmony  and 
variety  of  pause  which  the  sonnet  de- 
mands ;  they  have  too  much  of  the  ele- 
giac flow.  Read  Milton's  or  Wordsworth's 
sonnets  with  them,  and  the  difference  will 
be  at  once  acknowledged.  However,  they 
do  credit  to  his  poetical  taste  and  feeling : 
and  some  of  them  only  want  a  little  of 
being  very  good.    We  will  extract  two. 

XXXV. 

I  may  not  taste  the  fragrant  breath  of 
Spring, 

And  gaze  upon  her  beauty,  and  caress 
The  flowers  embosom'd  with  such  tender- 
ness, 

Andhcrsweet  advent  notbeheardto  sing — 
When  insects  are  abroad  ou  gentle  wing, 
And  birds  melodious  throng  the  green  re- 
cess ; 

When  rising  joys  all  living  creatures  bless, 
And  sounds  of  gladness  through  the  val- 
ley ring. 

Now  earth's  redeemed  from  winter's  icy 
chain, 

And  buds  and  blossoms  drink  the  sun-lit 
shower, 

And  verdant  fallows  teem  with  infant  grain. 
I  too  would  feel  heaven's  renovating  power, 
And  on  the  True  Vine  grafted,  there  remain 
A  living  branch,  unto  the  viutage  hour. 

XXVI. 

Ii  this  the  spot  where  Rome's  eternal  foe 
Into  his  snares  the  mighty  legions  drew. 
Whence  from  the  carnage  spiritless  and 
few, 

A  remnant  scarcely  reach'd  her  gates  of 
woe?  [slow, 
h  this  the  stream,  thus  gliding  soft  and 
That  from  the  gushing  wounds  of  thou- 
sands grew  [hue 
So  fierce  a  flood,  that  waves  of  crimson 
Rush'd  on  the  bosom  of  the  lake  below? 
The  mountains  that  gave  back  the  battle 
cry  [green 
Are  silent  now,  perchance  yon  hillocks 
Mark  where  the  bones  of  those  old  war- 
riors lie.  [scene, 
Heaven  never  gladden'd  a  more  peaceful 
Never  left  softer  breeze  a  fairer  sky 
To  sport  upon  thy  waters,  Thrasymene. 

Manuscripts  ofErdely.  3  tola.— This 
half  historical  and  half  romantic  narrative 
i*  too  long  ;  and  minute  even  to  tedium 
in  the  multiplicity  of  its  incideuts  ;  but  it 
is  written  with  force  and  skill :  there  are 
oany  powerful  descriptions,  many  highly 
interesting  situations,  and  many  eloquent 
discourses  in  it.  The  author  appears  to 
he  a  person  of  scholarship  and  taste ;  and 
»e  hope  the  next  novel  with  which  he 
favours  us  will  be  less  full  of *  the  devil's 
pictures'  than  the  present. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Tales  of  the  Peerage  and  Peasantry. 
By  Lady  Dacre.  3  vols.  1835.— The  first 
story  of  Winifred,  Countess  of  Nithsdale, 
is  we  think  defective  in  want  of  move- 
ment and  rapidity  of  the  uarrative ;  but 
the  interest  with  whieh  we  read  it,  shows 
that  it  is  told  with  judgment,  and  is  a 
proof,  if  such  were  wanting,  that  even 
when  the  conclusion  of  a  tale  is  fore- 
known, as  in  those  founded  on  historical 
facts,  the  judicious  disposition  of  events, 
and  the  gracefulness  and  elegance  with 
which  they  are  told,  will  sufficiently  de- 
tain and  delight  the  attention  of  the 
reader.  The  second  narrative,  The  Hump- 
shire  Cottage,  has  the  merit  of  telling  a 
simple  tale  in  the  language  of  simplicity. 
There  is  also  a  pretty  little  moral  attach- 
ed to  it,  which  may  be  of  advantage  to 
the  village  maid  in  the  regulation  of  her 
conduct  and  the  resignation  of  her  will. 
The  last  called  4  Blanche'  is  more  fully 
and  elaborately  drawn,  and  is  well  con- 
ceived and  happily  executed.    It  is  an 
old  tale  and  often  told.    Lady  Blanche 
believed  that  she  could  live  on  love  with 
a  half-pay  officer,  more  happily  than  on 
venison  and  claret,  with  a  young  and 
worthy  peer.    But,  as  usual,  she  forgot 
that  love  had  wings  :   and  so  when  she 
and  the  half-pay  captain,  aud  their  troi- 
sieme  Poverty,  walked  into  the  cottage, 
Love  flew  out  of  the  window.    This  is 
pursued  through  many  ludicrous  and  many 
sorrowful  details,  and  is  at  last  overcome 
by  the  call  that  a  very  dangerous  illness 
makes  on  the  most  powerful  affections 
and  the  dearest  sympathies  of  the  heart. 
Folly,  and  discontent,  and  ingratitude, 
and  spleen,  and  wickedness,  all  fly  like 
idle  phantoms  before  a  thankful  heart  and 
a  rectified  understanding;  and  if  there  is 
any  one  who  will  condescend  to  profit  by 
the  experience  of  others,  the  moral  of  this 
tale  will  not  be  lost  on  him.    It  is  need- 
less to  add,  that  all  the  works  produced 
by  Lady  Dacre's  unknown  protegee,  are 
written  with  as  much  taste  and  feeling  as 
if  they  had  proceeded  from  her  Ladyship 
herself  / 


The  Immaterial  System  of  Man  con- 
templated,  in  accordance  with  the  Sublime 
and  Beautiful,  and  in  reference  to  a  Plan 
for  General  Education.  By  Elizabeth 
Hope.  Vol.  I. — Though  there  is  much 
that  is  ingenious,  and  hutch  that  is  sub- 
stantially sound  and  judicious  in  the  pre- 
sent volume,  we  are  afraid  that  it  is  too 
dry  and  too  long  for  general  attention. 
The  design  of  the  work  we  will  give  in  the 
words  of  the  author.  '  To  awaken  this 
spirit  [of  love]  which  only  slumbers  in 
the  hearts  of  the  many, — to  promote  the 
diffusion  of  its  benign  influence — depends 

3  G 


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on  education.  This  most  efficient  agent, 
active  as  it  has  been,  has  hitherto  been 
limited  in  its  operations,  and  biassed  or 
checked  in  its  progress.  Men  have  been 
educated.  Man  should  be  so — and  this 
he  cannot  properly  be,  till  all  the  powers 
and  attributes  with  which  he  is  entrusted, 
are  clearly  understood,  judiciously  brought 
into  action,  and  thus  made  subservient  to 
this  great  purpose.  A  solid  basis  for  ge- 
neral education,  founded  upon  such  prin- 
ciples as  shall  tend  to  the  moral,  the  in- 
tellectual, and  the  religious  improvement 
of  man,  can  alone  ensure  to  society  that 
long-desired  condition  under  which  indi- 
vidual liberty  shall  be  equalized,  and  the 
sacred  law  of  order  inviolably  maintained/ 


The  Mechanic*  of  Law-making.  By 
Arthur  Symonds,  Esq.    Lond.    Bro.  pp. 
400. —  It*  wc  are  desirous  of  finding 
a  comparison   for  a  verbose,  encum- 
bered, tautologons  composition,  we  liken 
it  to  an  Act  of  Parliament.    Ought  this 
to  be  a  true  comparison  ?    Ought  the  law 
to  adopt  a  style  which  in  an  ordinary 
composition  would  be  denounced  as  full 
of  sins  against  the  proprieties  of  lan- 
guage?   Ought  the  rule  of  every  man's 
conduct  to  be  concealed  in  a  perplexed 
labyrinth  of  words,  the  mazes  of  which 
can  be  but  doubtfully  threaded  even  by 
professional  persons  ?  Ought  it  not  rather 
to  resemble  a  clear,  pure  stream,  the 
very  bottom  of  which  may  be  seen  by 
everyone?    Mr.  Symonds's  object  is  to 
simplify  the  phraseology  of  the  Statute 
Law,  and  his  volume  contains  a  scheme 
for  bringing  about  this  very  desirable  end. 
We  cannot  follow  himihrough  his  details, 
which  are  entirely  practical,  but  wc  re- 
commend bis  work  to  tbe  serious  consi- 
deration of  all  persons  who  are  in  any 
way  concerned  in  '  the  mystery  of  Law 
making.'  Some  of  his  proposed  machinery 
is  probably  liable  to  objection ;  but  as  a 
whole,  his  book  is  calculated  to  be  emi- 
nently useful. 

Outlines  of  Botany.  By  R.  B.  Stewart, 
Esq.  8tfo. — This  little  volume  contains 
n  sketch  of  the  Linneean  arrangement  of 
plants,  with  tables  to  illustrate  the -dis- 
tinctions of  genera  and  species ;  but  its 
peculiar  merit  is,  that  it  affords  the  results 
of  Mr.  Stewart's  experience  during  seve- 
ral years'  cultivation  of  a  London  gardener, 
showing  what  trees,  what  shrubs,  and 
what  flowers,  are  best  able  to  contend 
with  an  atmosphere  fraught  with  humidity 
and  smoke.  It  will  therefore  prove  a 
source  of  great  pleasure  and  amusement 
to  those  who,  though  "  in  populous  city 
pent,"  yet  sigh  for  rural  joys,  and  are 
desirous   to   avail  themselves  of  those 


favours  which  Nature  affords  to  her  Ad- 
mirers even  in  the  most  un genial  situa- 
tions. 


Little  Fables  for  Utile  Folks,  is  a 
pretty  little  book,  illustrated  with  very 
well- executed  cuts.  The  fables  are  se- 
lected from  the  old  stock,  nud  related  in 
familiar  language,  suitable  to  the  infantine 
reader. 


Account  of  the  Labourer's  Friend  So- 
ciety for  betteriny  the  condition  of  the 
Labouring  C  lasses,  particularly  in  allot- 
ting  to  them  small  portions  of  laud,  esta- 
blished at  Ji'allinyton  in  Surrey,  in  the 
month  of  July  1#33.  By  Nicholas  Car- 
lisle, Esq,  F.R.S.  x\c.  &c— This  is  an 
expose  of  the  plans  of  the  above  Society, 
whose  governing  motive  evidently  i>  that 
of  rendering  the  agricultural  labourer  at 
once  industrious  and  independent.  When 
men  can  be  stimulated  by  the  exercise  of 
their  own  resources  to  become  economists 
of  their  time,  to  desert  the  village  ale- 
house for  the  cultivation  of  their  small 
allotment  of  land,  held  at  a  fair  but  not 
onerous  rent,  an  essential  national  benefit 
is  conferred. 

The  husbandman  is  no  longer  the  vil- 
lein or  slave  of  the  soil,  according  to  the 
obsolete  terms  of  feudal  bondage  ;  he  be- 
comes a  shareholder  in  the  great  aggre- 
gate of  agricultural  produce  ;  he  has  a 
personal  interest  in  all  those  better  ties 
which  unite  the  body  politic,  which  make 
men  good  neighbours,  moral  and  religious 
characters,  and  loyal  subjects.  The  rules 
of  this  Society  seem  admirably  calculated 
to  secure  its  benevolent  purposes  from 
abuse,  and  we  can  conscientiously  recom- 
mend them  to  the  attention  of  those  pub- 
lic-spirited persons  who  may  desire  to 
establish  similar  institutions  in  other  dis- 
tricts. Indeed  we  hope  that  the  day  is 
not  distant  when  we  shall  see  them  adopt- 
ed throughout  the  land. 


An  Inquiry  into  the  origin  of  Copyhold 
Tenure.  By  George  Beaumont,  Esq,  8ro, 
pp.  72. — Upon  arriving  at  the  conclusion 
of  this  Inquiry,  we  could  not  help  ex- 
claiming, almost  involuntarily,  "  What 
can  Mr.  Beaumont  mean  ?'*  Fortunately 
we  turned  the  page,  and  found  an  Appen- 
dix, at  tbe  commencement  of  which  we 
were  told  that  his  ' 4  doctrine  "  is  "that 
manors  were  originally  the  districts  of  a 
certain  extent  occupied  by  the  subject 
Romans  and  Britons,  who  chose,  or  were 
permitted  to  reside  in  a  Saxon  kingdom 
in  the  enjoyment  of  their  possessions,  but 
subject  to  a  land-tax."  Now,  if  any 
reader,  emulating  our  heroic  i^reever- 
ance,  should  actually  peruse  the  "  In 


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411 


quiry,"  but  happen  to  mUs  the  Appen- 
dix, we  defy  him  to  explain  what  the 
book  is  about.    In  thin  respect  it  is  a 
literary  curiosity ;  and  as  we  have  no 
doubt  the  author  intended  it  to  be,  it  is 
an  admirable  satire  upon  those  antiqua- 
rian writers  who  mystify  their  subjects  by 
a  palpable  obscurity  of  style.    There  is 
something  very  happy  in   the   idea  of 
writing  a  long  44  Inquiry,"  which  no- 
body can  understand,  and  adding  an  Ap- 
pendix to  tell  the  poor  bewildered  reader 
what  the  author  meant.    Mr.  Beaumont 
intimates,  that  if  any  one  should  ask  44  of 
what  service  his  Inquiry  will  prove?"  it 
will  be  well  to  delay  making  any  reply 
until  44  the  origin  of  all  the  ruling  deci- 
sions in  abstruse  points  of  copyhold  law 
shall  have  been  satisfactorily  proved  to 
be  correctly  stated  in  our  Text  Books  and 
Reports  ;"  and  when  that  correctness  has 
been  proved,  Mr.  Beaumont  wittily  adds, 
44  In  that  case  1  should  answer  that  there 
was  no  utility  in  this  inquiry."    This  is 
admirable.     We  quite  agree  with  Mr. 
Beaumont. 


The  French  Language  its  otrn  Teacher, 
Part  1,  by  Rene  Aliva,  appears  to  be  a 
useful  school-book  ;  the  grammatical  ex- 
planations of  the  reading  lessons  are  very 
good.  It  contains  a  new  system  of  French 
conjugations. 


Raping  Life  of  Alfred  the  Great,  trans- 
lated into  French,  with  a  vocabulary  and 
dictionary  of  genders,  by  N.  Lambert,  is 
a  good  reading  book  for  beginners. 

We  recommend  The  Essential*  of 
French  Grammar,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Mac- 
gowan,  to  the  pocket  of  the  student ;  it 
contains  much  in  a  small  space. 


Private  Thoughts  on  Religion,  fyc.  By 
Bp.  Beveridge.  Edited  by  Rev.  II.  Stcb- 
bing.  ( Sacred  Classics. J— There  is  no 
name  more  venerable  among  those  who 
have  adorned  the  doctrines  of  the  Church 
of  England,  by  the  sanctity  of  their  lives, 
or  explained  and  enforced  them  by  their 
lenrning  and  eloquence,  than  that  of  Bp. 
Beveridge.  This  treatise,  one  of  the  most 
interesting  among  the  Bishop's  works, 
has  therefore  been  judiciously  selected  for 
publication,  and  a  very  good  practical  In- 
troduction of  the  Editor  has  conferred  an 
additional  value  on  it. 


The  L\fe  of  the  Ren.  David  Brainerd, 
Missionary  to  the  North  American  In- 
dians. By  Rev.  J.  Pratt.— A  very  inte- 
resting and  most  instructive  little  volume, 
which  was  highly  valued  by  Henry  Mar- 


tyn  and  by  all  who  have  perused  it  with 
attentive  and  pious  minds.  It  appears 
that  in  1 823  there  were  471,417  North 
American  Indians,  from  the  eastern  shores 
of  the  Mississippi  to  the  west  of  the 
rocky  mountains  The  name  of  Brainerd 
will  hereafter  rank  with  those  of  Elliot 
and  Schwarz,  and,  we  trust,  with  many 
others  now  less  known,  who  are  dedicat- 
ing their  lives  to  the  great  work  of  scat- 
tering the  bread  of  life  on  the  distant  and 
desolate  waters  of  the  earth.  We  have 
no  room  to  abridge  a  work,  which  ought 
to  be  read  in  all  the  fulness  of  its  inte. 
resting  narrative  ;  for  its  minutest  details 
are  full  of  spiritual  information,  and  every 
letter  of  the  book  seems  to  point  as  it 
were  to  distant  and  unconverted  regions, 
and  admonish  the  reader,  "  Go  and  do 
thou  likewise." 


The  Angler  in  Ireland,  or  an  English  - 
man's  Ramble  through   Vonnavght  and 
Munster.  2  vols. — A  book  which  may  be 
of  advantage  to  Piscutor,  and  direct  him 
to  where  the  fattest  salmon  and  largest 
Hull-trout  resort  ;  but  we  are  afraid  that 
any  other  information  will  be  sought  in 
vain.   We  kept  a  sharp  look-out  for  farts 
which  would  delight  naturalists,  but  they 
were  all  lying  at  the  bottom  of  such  deep 
bottles  of  poteen,  that  we  could  not  tish 
them  up.    We  learn,  indeed,  at  p. 
that  there  are  no  minnows  in  the  Irish 
streams,  nor  moles  among  its  animals, 
nor  nightingales  among   its  lards,  nor 
snakes  among  its  reptiles,  aud  that  phea- 
sants and  jays  were  formerly  unknown. 
The  author  also  says,  that  he  caught  a 
trout  of  about  four  pounds  weight,  with 
a  deep  g-ish  down  its  side,  which  had 
been  inflicted  by  the  talons  of  a  brother 
angler,  the  eagle.    He  also  remarks  on 
this  bird  of  Jove:   44  disturb  him  how 
and  when  you  will,  the  eagle  never  shows 
any  symptoms  of  fear  ;  but  slowly  leaves 
the  spot  invaded  by  man,  rising  and  ris- 
ing above  you,  without  any  perceptible 
movement  of  his  out-stretched  pinions." — 
44  I  have  often,"  says  the  author,  44  watch- 
ed the  way  of  the  eagle  in  the  air  for  a 
considerable  time   together,  and  never 
could  perceive  him  once  flap  his  wings  to 
his  side.    His  movements  seem  to  be  en- 
tirely governed  by  the  inclination  of  the 
huge  wings  and  tail  to  the  wind  ;  in  the 
same  way  as  a  ship  is  propelled  by  the 
action  of  the  breeze  on  its  sails."  Of 
the  terrific  ignorance  of  the  common  peo  • 
pie  in  Ireland,  a  curious  story  is  told  in 
vol.i.p.  1HH :  a  botanist  on  the  hills  of  t  un 
nemara  was  with  difficulty  rescued  from 
death,  being  suspected  of  having  been  sent 
into  the  district  to  propagate  the  cholera  ! 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


412 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Oct. 


A  Treatise  on  Isotketrical  Drawing.  By 
T.  Sopwith.  —  Isometrical  Drawing  has 
been  too  much  neglected  by  architects 
and  landscape  gardeners.  Yet  it  has  ad- 
vantages over  common  perspective  in 
many  respects.  This  work  is  most  ably 
executed,  and  very  handsomely  got  up  ; 
and  we  have  no  doubt  will  draw  the  at- 
tention of  the  public  and  of  scientific 
men  to  the  subject.  We  have  had  occa- 
sion often  to  regret  the  want  of  such 
plates  in  plans  of  gardens  and  scenery  ; 
which  can  never  be  so  clearly  or  fulry  re- 
presented in  any  other  manner. 


Recollect  ions  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 
By  the  Marchioness  of  Crequi.  2  vols. — 
The  editor  of  this  work  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  fall  in  the  way  of  a  sagacious 
bloodhound  of  a  reviewer  ;  *  who  kept 
doggedly  on  his  track  till  he  overtook  him 
in  a  Parisian  cemetery,  and  stripped  him 
of  his  stolen  spoils.    In  other  words,  he 
proved  that  Mad.  de  Crequi,  the  pretend- 
ed author  of  these  Memoirs,  is  a  fictitious 
personage,  formed  of  an  Anne  Le  Fevre 
d'Auxy,  who  was  born  in  1?00,  and  a 
Renie  Charlotte  de  Troulay,  bona  1715. 
From  this  duality,  the  editor  has  extend- 
ed the  life  of  our"  lady  from  1700  to  1803, 
for  the  purpose  of  exciting  astonishment 
that  one  and  the  same  lady  should  have 
been  presented  to  Louis  XIV.  in  1713, 
aud  to  Buonaparte  in  1801  ;  but  as  she 
quotes  books  that  were  never  published 
till  1817  (as  the  Memoirs  of  the  Marquis 
de  Dangeau),  we  cannot  believe  that  her 
mortal  thread  was  cut  during  the  peace 
of  Amiens  ;  and  we  are  anxiously  look- 
ing in  the  Journal  de  Pari*,  in  hopes  of 
hearing  of  her  presentation  to  the  court 
of  the  patriotic  successor  of  Charles  the 
Tenth.    Should  she  amuse  her  hundred 
and  twentieth  year  by  writing  any  more 
Memoirs  of  her  early  life,  which  we  hope 
she  will,  we  would  humbly  advise  her,  if 
her  eyes  still  retain  their  lustre,  to  cor- 
rect the  press  herself ;   to  change  her 
editor,  translator,  printer,  and  composi- 
tor,  et  hoc  genu*  owne,  down   to  the 
lowest  demon's  smallest  imp  ;  and  further, 
we  Leg  her  to  recollect  if  she  may  not  by 
mistake  have  pott- dated  the  period  of  her 
nativity  ;  and  by  such  a  mistake,  whether 
we  do  not  lose  many  interesting  anecdotes 
of  Cardinal  Richelieu  and  Anne  of  Aus- 
tria ? 


Siege  of  Vienna,  from  the  German  of 
Madam  Ricbler.  (Library  of  Romance, 
Vol.  xiii.)  —  Such  novels  as  the  above, 
however  spirited  and  clever  in  some  of 
'the  details,  are  so  totally  inconsistent  in 


•  Set  Quarterly  Review,  No.  cii.  p.  391. 


their  design,  and  imperfect  in  their  exe- 
cution, as  to  afford  but  little  rational 
pleasure  to  readers.  We  warn  our  young 
friends  most  seriously  against  forming  a 
taste  for  novel-reading,  a  taste  which  is 
too  easily  acquired,  too  fondly  indulged, 
and  too  reluctantly  relinquished.  Tbere 
is  scarcely  any  thing  which  tends  so  much 
to  weaken  the  mind,  to  impair  the  taste, 
and  to  give  false  and  dangerous  associa- 
tions to  the  imagination. 

Life  of  Prince  Talleyrand.  2  vols. — 
This  book  is  one  of  the  wretched  fabrica- 
tions which  are  constantly  going  on  in 
Paris  :  but  it  is  too  indecent,  too  menda- 
cious, and  too  dull,  to  answer  the  sordid 
purpose  for  which  it  was  intended.  It  is 
only  fit  to  lie  by  the  side  of  Madame  oV 
Crequi  and  Harriet  Wilson. 


Oct  aria  Blphinstone,  a  Manx  story, 
and  Lois,  a  drama.  By  Miss  Anna  Tab- 
lant.  2  vols.— To  say  that  the  story  of 
Octavia  Elphinstone  was  not  a  work  of 
talent  and  knowledge,  would  be  contrary 
to  truth ;  but  it  is  not  sufficiently  clever 
to  pay  the  trouble  of  the  perusal  in  these 
steam -boat  and  rail-road  days,  when  we 
can  bestow  only  minutes,  where  our  an- 
cestors cheerfully  gave  hours  or  weeks. 
The  story  is  good  in  parts,  but  very  de- 
fective as  a  whole.  The  great  fault  lies 
in  the  disproportion  of  the  different  parts  ; 
the  introductory  being  infinitely  too  mi- 
nute and  particular  for  the  measure  of 
the  remainder;  aud  the  cltf  scene  we 
wholly  repudiate. 


The  Christian  Expositor,  or  practical 
Guide  to  the  Old  and  Aeiv  Testament.  By 
Rev.  George  Holden,  A.M.  —  We  can 
safely  recommend  this  work,  as  one  that 
in  a  small  compass  contains  much  valu- 
able information  brought  together  in  a 
critical  and  scholar-like  mauner ;  nor 
have  we  the  slightest  doubt  of  its  being 
gratefully  received  by  the  great  body  of 
Scriptural  readers. 


Historia  Technica  Anglican*,  &c.  By 
Thomas  Rose. — Mr.  Rose  may  be  quite 
assured  that  he  is  in  error  in  his  use  of 
the  word  Anglican*,  and  we  advise  him 
to  correct  it  in  his  next  edition.  As  a 
Memoria  Tcchuica,  we  have  no  doubt 
but  that  his  book  is  carefully  executed  ; 
we  only  pause  before  we  can  give  our  as- 
sent to  the  advantage  of  forcing  such  his- 
tories into  the  memory  of  youug  people. 
For,  after  all,  what  is  gained  is  only  a 
number  of  names  learned  by  rote,  afford- 
ing no  exercise  to  the  mind,  noa  instruc- 
tion to  the  reasoning  powers,  and  placing 
facts  and  circumstances  in  the  room  of 


Digitized  by  Google 


1635.1 

motives  and  principles ;  but  if  it  is 
thought  necessary  to  get  at  the  froit,  by 
first  cracking  the  shell  in  the  manner  here 
prescribed,  we  think  Mr.  Rose's  book  is 
better  arranged  than  most  of  his  prede- 
cessors, whose  deficiencies  he  has  sup- 
plied, and  errors  corrected.* 

Lives  of  eminent  Zoologists,  from  Arts- 
iotle  to  Linnants.  By  W.  Macgillivray. 
12tno. — This  is  too  abridged  a  work  to 
afford  due  information  on  the  subjects  on 
which  it  treats.  The  author  has  not 
availed  himself  of  the  sources  of  informa- 
tion within  his  reach  ;  nor  does  he  appear 
to  have  studied  with  care  and  attention 
the  great  original  treatises  which  can 
alone  afford  the  knowledge  which  he  is 
to  impart  to  his  readers.  We  have  lately 
read  with  great  attention  the  entire  works 
of  Pliny  the  naturalist,  in  the  original  lan- 
guage. From  his  work  we  pronounce 
that  Mr.  Macgillivray  has  not  done  the 
same.  If  he  has,  we  are  ready  to  enter 
the  lists. 


*  We  will  tell  Mr.  Rose  one  fact, 
which  he  does  not  seem  to  be  aware  of 
in  his  account  of  the  Druids : — that  their 
sacred  mistletoe  was  a  very  different  plant 
from  the  missletoe  of  our  trees  and  or- 
chards. We  do  not  know  that  this  fact 
has  ever  been  observed  by  the  historians 
of  our  British  trees  ;  but  the  fact  is  so. 


413 

Citation  and  Examination  of  William 
Shakspeare  before  Sir  Thomas  Lucy. — 
Among  the  original  productions  of  Shak- 
speare, hitherto  unknown  to  the  world, 
the  author  of  the  present  volume  (W.  S. 
Lander  ?)  which  abounds  in  a  most  re- 
condite vein  of  wit,  gives  a  song,  of 
which  the  two  concluding  stanzas  are  as 
follow : 

11  Some  tell  us  the  merman 
Can  only  speak  German, 
In  a  voice  between  grunting  and  snoring ; 
But  Catharine  says,  he  had  learnt  in  the 
wars  [our  tars. 

The  language,  persuasion,  and  oaths  of 
And  that  even  her  voice  was  not  foreign  ; 
Yet  when  she  was  ask'd  how  he  manag'd 
to  hide  [tide, 
Hie  green  fishy  tail,  coming  out  of  the 

For  night  after  night  above  twenty  ; 
"  You  troublesome  creatures,"  old  Ca- 
tharine replied, 
"  In  his  pocket— -wont  that  now  content 
ye?" 


The  Atlas  of  Ancient  Geography,  by 
J.  C.  Russell,  seems  admirably  suited  for 
schools.  A  very  copious  Index  of  the 
Places,  with  their  latitudes  and  longi- 
tudes, enables  the  reader  to  c .insult  with 
ease  the  map  in  which  each  place  is  to  be 
found. 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. — Fine  Arts. 


FINE  ARTS. 


STAINED    CLASS    AT    flOEXSEY  CHURCH, 
MIDDLESEX. 

The  many  splendid  specimens  of  the 
art  of  Glass  Staining  with  which  several 
ecclesiastical  buildings  and  noblemen's 
mansions  have  been  embellished  by  Mr. 
David  Evans  of  Shrewsbury,  have  com- 
pletely disproved  assertions  made  some 
years  since,  that  the  powers  of  this  an- 
cient art  hud  formerly  extended  beyond 
the  hope  of  future  emulation.  The  mys- 
tery of  this  beautiful  urt,  once  considered 
as  entirely  lost,  has  been  effectively  re- 
vived by  Mr.  Evans,  who  has  recently 
given  additional  proof  of  his  taste  and 
talents,  in  a  magnificent  window  erected 
in  the  Church  of  Hornsey.  This  pro- 
duction, for  general  beauty  of  character, 
imposing  dignity,  and  richness  and  depth 
of  tone  in  colouring,  stands  unrivalled  by 
any  previous  efforts  in  glass  staining,  and 
entitles  the  artist  to  the  highest  rank  in 
this  class  of  his  profession. 

This  splendid  window,  displaying  all 
the  rich  and  mellow  tints  of  the  finest 
specimens  of  the  old  masters,  consists 
principally  of  two  tiers  of  lights,  contain- 


ing eight  full-length  figures,  drawn  in  an 
easy  and  natural  attitude,  and  with  pecu- 
liar fidelity  and  intelligence  of  outline. 
At  the  same  time  a  remarkably  expressive 
boldness  of  character,  unusual  in  the 
generality  of  modern  attempts  of  glas9 
staining,  pervades  the  whole  figures, 
which  are  relieved  in  their  respective 
niches  by  a  rich  grey  back-ground. 
In  the  upper  tier : 

St.  Matthew  is  clothed  in  a  blue  vest, 
over  which  is  thrown  a  crimson  robe, 
lined  with  white;  he  holds  in  his  right 
band  a  Greek  MS.  in  his  left  a  halbert. 

St.  Mark,  a  venerable  figure,  the  sober 
tint  of  whose  vestment  is  well  contrasted 
with  the  rich  crimson  of  St.  Matthew; 
he  bears  an  open  Gospel. 

St.  Luke  appears  attentively  writing  on 
a  tablet  with  an  ancient  style ;  he  is  at- 
tired in  a  gold  vest,  over  which  is  a  rich 
blue  mantle  lined  with  purple. 

St.  John  is  characterized  by  a  mild  and 
pleasing  serenity  of  countenance;  he 
holds  a  golden  chalice  in  his  left  hand, 
and  in  his  right  a  closed  volume.  He  is 
clad  in  a  brilliant  green,  over  which  is  a 
fine  crimson  mantle. 


Digitized  by  Go 


J 


4 1 4  Fine  Arts.— New  Ho\ 

In  the  lower  tier : 

St.  Peter  possesses  much  gravity  of 
expression ;  lie  holds  his  symbol,  the  keys, 
in  one  hand,  and  a  book  in  the  other,  hav- 
ing green  Mowing  drapery  lined  with  yellow. 

St.  James  is  a  particularly  fine  figure, 
having  a  visage  full  of  noble  simplicity, 
perfectly  characteristic  of  the  doctrines 
contained  in  his  beautiful  epistle  ;  he  has 
a  blue  vest  and  gold  drapery,  with  his 
insignia,  a  club  in  one  hand,  in  the  other 
the  Holy  Scriptures. 

St.  Jude,  bearing  his  Epistle,  has  a  look 
of  persuasiveness.  His  drapery,  is  of 
deep  purple,  with  an  elegant  robe  of  light 
yellow,  thrown  in  beautiful  folds  over  his 
right  shoulder. 

St.  Paul  is  rich  in  colouring,  and  com- 
manding in  attitude;  penetration,  and 
firmness  are  depicted  in  his  countenance; 
be  sustains  his  emblem,  a  sword,  in  his 
left  hand,  his  right  being  uplifted  in  the 
act  of  exhortation,  and  his  finger  pointing 
towards  Heaven. 

The  figures  stand  on  rich  gothic  pedes- 
tals, surmounted  by  canopies  of  the  most 
delicate  crocketed  tabernacle  work. 

The  three  principal  compartments 
within  the  pointed  arch  of  the  window 
are  filled  with  designs  of  "  The  adoration 
of  the  Shepherds"  from  Gttido ;  The 
ifltc  Men's  Offering.*'  by  Jiubens,  the 
colouring  of  which  is  very  rich ;  and  in 
the  apex  is  "  The  .-Innunciation"  from 
Carlo  Maratti.  These  subjects,  with  the 
ornamental  designs  that  occupy  the  minor 
portions  of  the  tracery,  harmonize  beau- 
tifully with  the  figures  below. 

In  three  of  the  side  windows  of  the 
Church  are  shields  encircled  by  ancient 
mantling,  &c.  containing  the  armorial 
bearings  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  Lord 
Mansfield,  and  C.  W.  Towers,  Esq 

 h.  r. 

We  have  been  highly  pleased  with  a 
Panoramic  picture  of  the  Capture  and 
taming  of  Wild  Elephants  on  the  Island  of 
Ceylon*  painted  by  William  Daniell, 
R.  A.  and  now  exhibiting  at  the  room  of 
the  Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours, 
at  Pall  Mall  East.  In  the  first  place 
the  natural  scenery  of  the  country  is  ex- 
cessively beautiful,  an  expanse  of  moun- 
tain, and  highly  diversified  surface,  with 
rich  forests,  a  river,  and  the  distant  ocean. 
The  animating  scene  of  entrapping  and 
capturing  a  numerous  herd  of  elephants, 
which  attracts  visitors  from  all  parts  of 
India,  is  exhibited  in  all  its  several  parts, 
together  with  the  various  discipline  which 
the  gigantic  brutes  have  afterwards  to 
undergo  before  they  can  be  reconciled 
to  the  yoke.  Their  struggles  not  unfre- 
quently  terminate  fatally.  The  most 
remarkable  trees  of  the  country  arc  also 
accurately  depicted,  as  flourishing  in  their 
natural  habitat.    It  is  altogether  a  scene 


ses  of  Parliament.  [Oct 

full  of  interest  and  information.  The 
original  drawings  were  made  by  Mr. 
Samuel  Daniell,  brother  to  the  painter, 
during  «  residence  of  several  years  in 
Ceylon.  In  the  ante- room  are  several 
small  pictures  of  interesting  subjects  de- 
rived from  the  East,  painted  by  the  same 
accomplished  artist. 

NEW  HOUSES  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Richardson,  pupil  of  Sir 
John  Soane,  has  published  a  most  useful 
and  elaborate  Plan  on  a  scale  of  20  feet 
to  an  inch,  of  the  Parliamentary  and  other 
public  Buildings,  adjacent  to  Westmin- 
ster Hall,  from  a  recent  Survey.  It  is 
well  calculated,  as  it  was  intended,  to 
supply  the  necessary  information  for  the 
proper  consideration  of  the  proposed  New 
Houses  of  Parliament. 

On  one  very  large  Sheet  is  contained 
as  many  various  objects  as  would  make  a 
respectable  volume. 

The  Buildings  are  shewn  as  they  ex- 
isted before  the  fire  10  Oct.  1831. 

The  Plan  of  St  Stephen's  Chapel  is 
restored,  so  far  as  the  remains  indicate ; 
showing  by  different  tints  what  are  now 
standing,  and  what  have  been  removed. 

The  Speaker's  state  dining-room  was 
within  the  Crypt  of  St.  Stephen's  Cha- 
pel. The  bases  of  the  Columns  in  this 
room  are  about  3  feet  higher  than  the 
ancient  ones,  which  are  buried  3  or  4  feet. 

Around  the  Map  are  elevations  of  all 
the  Buildings  connected  with  Westmin- 
ster Hall  and  St.  Stephen's  Chapel;  of 
the  latter,  Hollar's  View,  1017,  is  obvi- 
ously incorrect ;  the  same,  as  left  by  Sir 
C.  Wren,  drawn  by  P.  Sandby,  17.3a; 
and  lastly,  all  the  modern  creations  by 
Sir  J.  Soane.  This  useful  Sheet  will  be 
invaluable  to  the  artists  who  are  con; 
tending  for  the  large  prize  in  the  Archi- 
tectural Lottery  ;  and  will  be  very  valu- 
able in  the  Portfolio  of  the  Antiquary. 

Three  perspective  Views  of  the  Par- 
liamentary and  other  public  Buildings,  as 
they  now  exist,  with  the  surrounding 
Scenery,  have  also  been  published  by 
Mr.  T.  Lakkin  Walker,  Architect. 
These  useful  Plates  are  drawn  in  out- 
line by  S.  Ilussell,  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Wal- 
ker, and  lithographed.    They  consist  of 

1.  A  View  of  Westminster  Hall,  the 
Law  Courts,  &c.  from  the  N.  W. 

2.  A  View  of  the  King's  Entrance 
from  the  S.  W. 

3  A  View  of  the  Parliament  Build- 
ings from  the  Thames. 

These  desirable  views  are  taken  from 
the  points  specified  by  the  Select  Com- 
mittee for  rebuilding  the  Houses  of  Par- 
liament in  their  29th  resolution  ;  and 
pointed  out  in  the  plan  furnished  to  Ar- 
chitects by  the  Office  of  Woods  and 
Forests. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


415 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


AVir  Works  announced  for  Publication. 

The  Warwickshire  Domesday,  with  an 
Introduction,  Biographical  Notices,  Lists 
of  the  Saxon  and  Norman  Possessors  of 
Land,  and  copious  Indexes.  By  Mr.  W. 
Readfr,  of  Coventry. 

A  Memoir  of  the  Rev.  William  Ca- 
rfy,  D.  D.  more  than  forty  years  Mis- 
sionary in  India.  By  the  Rev.  Eustace 
Carey. 

Recollections  of  the  Private  Life  of 
General  Lafayette.  By  M.  H.  Cloquet, 
in  French  and  English. 

A  Volume  of  Sermons.  By  Richard 
Whatf.lv,  D.  I).  Archhishop  of  Dublin. 

A  History  of  British  Quadrupeds.  By 
Thomas  Bell.  F.R.S. 

Missionary  Remains ;  or  Sketches  of 
the  Lives  of  Evarts,  Cornelius,  and 
Wisner,  successively  Secretaries  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions. 

Scripture  Biography.  By  Esther 
Copley. 

Westmoreland,  Cumberland,  Durham, 
and  Northumberland  Illustrated,  Part  24. 

Travels  and  Adventures  in  Eastern 
Africa.    By  Nathaniel  Isaacs,  Esq. 

The  Rev.  H.  Cauntkr  is  engaged  upon 
a  New  Series  of  the  •*  Romance  of  His- 
tory ;  "  also  a  Second  Series  of  his  Ser- 
mons. 

The  First  Volume  of  the  long  expected 
edition  of  Cowper,  by  Dr  South  fy.  con- 
taining a  new  Life  of  the  Poet,  will  ap- 
pear early  in  October,  enriched  with  su- 
perb engravings. 

Sehleirmacher's  Introduction  to  the 
Dialogues  of  Plato,  translated  from  the 
German.    By  W.  Dohson,  M.  A. 

A  Novel  entitled  •«  Plebeians  and  Patri- 
cians    By  the  Author  of  •*  Old  Maids." 

Marco  Viseonti,  an  Historical  Ro- 
mance, translated  from  the  Italian.  By 
Miss  Cahoi.ine  Ward. 

The  Child's  Own  History  of  France. 
Bv  W.  Law  Gaxe. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Liver.  By  W.  E. 
E.  Conwell,  Surgeon  of  the  Madras 
Establishment. 

Lieutenant  Holman's  fourth  and  con- 
cluding volume  of  Voyages  and  Travels 
round  the  World. 

A  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Florida. 
By  Theodore  Irving,  Esq. 

Annuals  for  1836.— Shoberl's  Forget- 
Me-Not. — Mrs.  Hall's  Juvenile  Forget- 
Me-Not. — The  English  Annual. — The 
Oriental  Annual. — Flowers  of  Loveli- 
ness, from  Designs  by  E.  T.  Parris, 
Esq.  with  Poetical  Illustrations,  by  the 
Countess  of  Blessington* — The  Chris- 


tian Keepsake,  the  Rev.  W.  Ellis. 
—  Fisher's  Drawing  Room  Scrap  Book 
for  1836,  with  Poetical  Illustrations  by 
L.  E.  L. — Friendship's  Offering. 

It  is  proposed  to  establish  an  Annual 
Premium  for  a  Series  of  Essavs  on  the 
History  and  Privilege*  of  the"  City  of 
London.  The  subject  of  the  First  Essay, 
we  understand,  will  be  the  Life  and  In- 
stitutions of  the  English  Legislator,  Offa, 
King  of  Mercia. 


CIRCULATION  OF  PARISIAN  NEWSPAPERS. 

The  laws  recently  enacted  in  France 
for  the  subjugation  of  the  press,  mav  ren- 
der the  following  summary  of  the  circula- 
tion of  the  Parisian  journals,  givoii  from 
the  returns  of  last  January,  of  some  in- 
terest; as,  in  all  probability," many  of  them 
will  liecome  extinct  before  the  expira- 
tion of  the  present  year. 

On  the  1st  of  January  last,  31,153  co- 
pies were  daily  sent  through  the  Post 
Office.  The  numbers  despatched  from 
Paris  previously  to  that  period  were  as 
follows:  — In  July  1  KH,  35,677—1833, 
39,510—1832,  47,614— 1831,  56.l61.-_ 

1830,  41,042.  There  has  been  a  consi- 
derable falling  off  in  the  country  circula- 
tion of  some  of  the  political  journals.  The 
Gazette  de  France,  which  in  1831  6ent 
daily  to  the  country  10,160  copies,  has 
now  fallen  to  5.370;  the  Quotidienne  has 
fallen  from  4.449  to  2.030;  the  Debats 
from  7,8(4  to 5. 4-4-1.;  Constitutionnel,  from 
13,606  to  6,316;  the  Temps,  from  6.339 
to  4,316  ;  the  Journal  du  Commerce,  from 
1,123  to  768;  the  Messager,  from  1,675 
to  363;  the  Courrier,  from  1,451  to3,585. 
Le  National,  which  was  established  in 

1831,  has  increased.  It  had  then  2.294 
country  subscribers;  in  1832,  2,463-  in 
1833.  2,686 ;  in  1834.  2,912.  Its  present 
circulation  is  2,674.  The  journals  now 
existing/which  have  been  established  since 
1830,  are  La  France,  Le  Rcnovafeur,  Le 
Bon  Sens,  and  Le  Ri'formateur.  The 
circulation  of  the  Mouiteur  during  five 
years  has  remained  steady  at  800.  The 
Journal  de  Paris  sent  to  the  country  in 
1831  (including  copies  given  gratis),  2,408- 
in  18.12,  3,585;  in  1833,  1,731;  1834, 
1,183.  The  present  number  is  about 
1,000. 

NEWBPAPER  IN  THE  SANDWICH  ISLANDS. 

By  the  latest  accounts  from  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  it  appears  that  a  l*  Gazette 
Extraordinary"  bad  just  been  printed  at 
Honolalu,  in  the  island  of  Oabu,  by  a 


Digitized  by  Gobble 


416 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Oct. 


Reverend  Reuben  Tinker,  one  of  the 
missionaries,  in  the  language  of  the  na- 
tive*. Oahu  is  the  third  island  of  the 
group  in  size  and  population,  containing 
520  square  miles,  and  20,000  inhabitants. 
The  islands  seem  by  these  accounts  to  be 
fast  processing.  Honolalu  is  the  chief 
town  of  Oahu,  and  the  residence  of  the 
King,  of  the  foreign  functionaries,  and 
twelve  or  fourteen  merchants,  and  has 
now  upwards  of  7,000  inhabitants.  The 
advance  of  the  natives  in  civilization  has 
been  rapid,  and  this  has  been  entirely 
owing  to  the  zealous  labours  of  the  mis. 
sionaries.  On  their  first  arrival  among 
the  Sandwich  Islanders  they  found  them 
without  a  written  language,  and  invented 
for  them  an  alphabet  (five  vowels  and 
ueven  consonants),  established  printing 
presses,  printed  books  in  the  native  tongue, 
founded  schools,  which  now  contain  more 
than  50,000  learners,  and  built  churches. 
The  great  necessity  of  a  wntten  language 
was  disclosed  by  a  question  of  one  of  the 
chiefs  to  the  missionaries  on  their  first 
arrival,  who  inquired  whether  they  must 
all  learn  English  to  be  understood  by  the 
Deity.  The  difficulty  of  adopting  a  new 
language  in  order  to  become  a  Christian 
had  occurred  to  the  sagacious  mind  of  the 
unlettered  chief,  and  unless  they  could 
have  a  written  language  all  attempts  to 
Christianize  them  would  be  evidently 
futile.  This  was  the  conviction  of  the 
missionaries,  and  the  result  was  as  above. 

HAI.LEY'S  COMET. 

•This  remarkable  comet,  which  has  at 
different  periods  engaged  the  attention  of 
the  most  renowned  mathematicians  and 
astronomers  of  Europe,  was  first  seen  at 
Rome  on  the  5th  of  August,  and  has  since 
been  observed  in  this  country, — the  time 
of  its  appearance  thus  corresponding 
precisely  with  astronomical  calculations. 
Though  it  has  been  but  slightly  seen 
during  the  month  of  September,  it  will 
present  an  exceedingly  interesting  appear, 
ance  at  the  early  part  of  the  succeeding 
month ;  particularly  from  the  rapidity  of 
its  motion  through  the  heavens.  It  will 
approach  the  nearest  to  the  Earth 
on  the  7th  of  October,  when  between 
Ursa  Major  and  Canes  Venatici;  its  dis. 
tance  then  will  be  -2,282,  or  only  21 
millions  679  thousand  miles !  which  is 
rather  less  than  1.4th  the  distance  of 
the  Sun  from  the  Earth.  It  will  then  be 
vertical  to  England,  Prussia,  and  the 
Southern  parts  of  Russia.  On  the  11th 
of  Oct.  it  will  be  seen  approaching  the 
constellation  of  the  Crown  (corona  borealit), 
a  little:  <  the  north  of  west,  at  an  alti- 
tude of  30  degrees.  It  may  be  expected 
ro  arrive  at  its  perihelion  on  the  7th  No- 


vember, when  its  distance  from  the  sun 
will  be  equal  to  '588,017,  and  consequently 
within  the  sphere  of  the  orbit  of  Venus, 
having  at  the  same  time  a  considerable 
northern  elevation  above  the  plane  of  the 
ecliptic.  Towards  the  end  of  November 
the  comet  will  plunge  amongst  the  ray* 
of  the  sun,  and  disappear,  and  will  not 
issue  thence  on  the  other  side  until  the 
end  of  December. 

It  appears  that  this  comet  pursued  the 
same  path  in  1607  which  it  is  traversing 
the  present  year.  Its  re -appearance,  in 
1682,  as  foretold  by  Dr.  Halley,  was  of 
immense  astronomical  importance.  Some 
accounts  state  that  its  tail  was  30  degrees 
in  length,  and  the  disc  clear  and  round  as 
Jupiter.  Halley  predicted  that  it  would 
re-appear  in  1758,  and  accordingly  it  was 
observed  at  Dresden  in  December  of  that 
year,  but  was  r.ot  generally  observed  until 
the  end  of  March  following.  Its  next 
appearance  has  been  predicted  to  take 
place  in  the  year  1911. 

We  have  been  much  interested  by  two 
plates  just  published  by  the  Rev.  G.  C. 
Gorham,  one  representing  the  relative 
position  of  Hallev's  Comet  and  the 
Earth,  at  five  different  times  during  tbe 
present  half  year ;  and  the  other  the  orbits 
of  Halley's,  liiela's,  and  Encke's  Comets, 
compared  with  those  of  the  Earth  and 
Planets.  Nothing  of  this  kind  had  pre- 
viously appeared,  the  map  given  in  Gold's 
translation  of  Pontecoulant's  Treatise  on 
the  Comet,  being  its  apyarenl  track  among 
the  Sure. 

MB.  MATHEWS'S  COLLECTIONS. 

The  theatrical  collections  of  the  late 
comedian,  Mr.  Chas.  Mathews,  were 
dispersed  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  on  tbe 
19th  Aug.  and  three  following  days. 
They  consisted  of  books  prints,  auto- 
gtaphs,  and  curiosities.  His  valuable  gal- 
lery of  paintings  and  drawings  of  the  por- 
traits of  dramatic  performers,  had  been 
previously  sold  entire  to  the  Garrick  Club 
for  1000/. 

The  library  was  almost  entirely  thea. 
trical.  It  comprised  the  four  earliest 
editions  of  Shakspeare,  of  which  tbe  first 
was  sold  for  15/.  15*.  It  had  cost  tbe 
late  owner  28/.  10*. 

The  original  Shakspeare  forgeries  of 
W.  H.  Ireland,  produced  20/.  5s.  They 
were  bought  of  Ireland  by  Mr.  Mathews 
in  1812,  and  were  authenticated  by  a  let- 
ter of  that  date, — tbe  more  necessary  as 
their  author,  finding  even  his  fabrications 
to  bear  a  certain  value,  afterwards  em- 
ployed his  peculiar  talents  in  forging  co- 
pies of  his  own  forgeries,  which  he  re- 
peatedly sold ! 

The  play-bills  of  the  Haymarket  The- 
atre, from  1777  to  1805,  (wanting  1787) 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.]                  Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence.  417 

were  sold  for  9/.  12*. ;  those  of  the  6ame  paper  made  from  turf. 

theatre,  from  1795  to  1810,  (imperfect)  A  cheap  and  yet  good  substitute  for 

for  21.  6s.  i  those  of  Drury  Lane,  from  hemp  rags,  for  the  purpose  of  affording  a 

1758  to  1766,  for  4/.  12*.;.  those  of  Co-  pulp  fit  for  paper-making,  has  long  been 

vent  Garden,  from  1776  to  182$  for  II A  ;  a  desideratum  with  the  manufacturer, 

and  the  perfect  collection  of  Drury  Lane  Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  pro- 

and  Covent  Garden,  from  1774  to  1830,  ure  one,  but  the  difficulties  of  finding 

with  index  and  notes  by  Mr.  Fawcett,  one  such  as  would  suit  the  required  con- 

for  .'£3/.  12*.  dition,  and  the  duty  and  cost  of  hemp 

The  engraved  portraits  were  rendered  rags,  have  induced  adulteration  to  a  vast 

interesting  by  Mr.  Mathews  having  il-  extent  in  the  paper  manufacture.    It  is 

lustreted  them  with  manuscript  remarks,  generally  known  that  a  peat- bog,  and 

critical  and  biographical.    The  whole  rea-  especially  those  of  Ireland,  consists  of 

lized  about  170/.    A  very  extensive  col  -  various  strata,  varying  in  density  and 

lection  of  engravings,  drawings,  original  other  properties  in  proportion  to  their 

documents,  play-bills,  &c.  and  every  thing  depth.    The  top  surface  of  the  bog  is 

Mr.  Mathews  could  procure  relative  to  usually  covered  with  living  plants,  chiefly 

tbe  life  of  David  Garnck,  was  bound  in  a  mosses,  heaths,  and  certain  aquatic  or 

volume  of  atlas  folio,  and  entitled  Gar-  paludose  plants ;    immediately  beneath 

rickiana.    It  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Tay-  this  lies  a  stratum,  varying  from  only  two 

leure  the  actor  for  45/.  or  three  inches  to  four  or  five  feet,  accord- 

Tbe  collection  of  autographs  was  not  ing  to  the  state  of  drainage  of  the  bog,  of 
confined  to  the  theatrical  profession,  a  spongy,  reddish  brown,  fibrous  sub- 
Two  letters  of  Robert  Burns  were  sold  stance,  consisting  of  the  remains  of  vege- 
for  31.  3*  ;  Considerations  on  Corn,  a  tables  usually  similar  to  those  living  on 
dissertation  of  sixteen  pages  by  Dr.  John-  the  surface  in  the  first  stage  of  decompo- 
son,  for  4/.  12*. ;  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  sition.  The  chemical  state  of  this  stra- 
Gen.  Phipps,  respecting  sitting  for  bis  turn  is  nearly  that  of  some  of  the  papiri 
picture,  1/.  11*.;  Lawrence  Sterne  to  found  in  moist  places  in  Herculaneum; 
K.  Dodsley,  1759,  21.  10*;  Dean  Swift  that  is  to  say,  having  long  been  exposed 
to  Stella,  1710,  1/.  10*. ;  two  of  Garrick  to  the  action  of  water,  at  nearly  a  mean 
2/.;  two  others  I/.  15*.;  one  of  Kean  temperature,  the  vegetable  juices  have 
1/.  II*.;  two  others  21.;  one  of  Ho-  nearly  all  been  converted  into  ulmin-geine, 
Perth's  receipts  for  his  Strolling  Actresses,  or  impure  extractive  matter,  and  tbe  fibres 
Morning,  Noon,  Evening,  and  Night,  remain  nearly  untouched,  together,  proba- 
3/.  1 1*. ;  Oliver  Cromwell  to  a  Commis-  bly,  with  some  of  the  essential  oils  of  the 
sion  in  the  army,  1657,  2/.  2*.;  two  of  original  plants.  It  therefore  seemed 
Lord  Nelson  and  one  of  Lady  Hamilton,  that,  if  these  fibres  which  were  apparently 
2/.  4*. ;  Isaac  Reed's  Journal,  from  1762  sufficiently  fine  for  the  purpose,  could  be 
ro  1802,  in  21  small  volumes,  47.  4*.  The  separated  from  their  colouring  matters, 
whole  autographs  produced  about  160/.  the  object  would  be  nearly  if  not  entirely 
After  them  were  introduced  the  MSS.  attained;  to  this  therefore  attention, 
left  by  the  late  W.  H.  Ireland,  which  were  has  been  directed,  and  it  was  attended 
*old  for  tbe  benefit  of  his  widow ;  the  with  success.  Specimens  of  the  pulp 
whole  of  the  twenty-eight  lots  brought  have  been  examined,  described  as  being 
oi'ly  18/.  15*.  yielded  from  peat,  at  the  rate  of  18  per 

The  theatrical  relics  consisted  of  busts,  cent,  and  it  appeared  to  be  white,  pure, 

medals,  trinkets,  boxes,  several  articles  of  and  perfectly  suited  to  the  manufacture  of 

costume  which  had  been  worn  by  Gar-  paper. 

&c.    One  of  the  twenty  busts  of  sub-marine  vessel. 

Sbakspeare,  moulded  by  George  Bullock  Some  curious  experiments  have  lately 

from  that  at  Stratford,  the  size  of  the  ori-  been  made  at  St.  Ouen,  near  Paris,  with 

ginal,  wag  so]d  for  1/.  15*.    The  foil  Gar-  a  sub-marine  vessel,  tbe  invention  of  M. 

nrk  used,  as  Don  Felix,  on  the  last  night  Villeroi,  tbe  engineer.    The  vessel  is  of 

of  his  performance,  1/.  7*.     His  silken  iron,  and  of  the  same  shape  as  a  fish  of 

boots  in  Tamerlane,  15*.    Two  of  his  the  cetaceous  tribe.    Its  movements  and 

wigs,  one ;  for  Lear,  8*.    The  Cassolette  evolutions  are  performed  by  three  or  four 

carted  from  the  Shakspcare  mulberry-  men,  who  are  inside,  and  who  have  no 

tree,  containing  the  freedom  of  Stratford  communication  with  the  surface  of  the 

Presented  to  Garrick,  47  guineas.    (The  water,  or  the  external  air.    With  this 

Irving  originally  cost  55/.)  An  ink-stand  machine,  navigation  can  be  effected  in 

the  same  wood,  carved  by  the  same  spite  of  currents  ;  any  operations  may  be 

***Hl,3l.  13*.  6d.    Garrick's walking  stick,  carried  on  under  water,  and  it  may  be 

presented  by  John  Kemble  to  Mathews  brought  to  tbe  surface  at  will,  like  an 

J/- 10».    His  dressing-room  chair,  21.  2s.  ordinary  vessel. 

Gent-  Mag.  Vol.  IV,  3  II 


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418 


[Oct. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


CITY  OF  TODI. 

The  city  of  Todi,  founded  by  the 
Etrurians,  and  always  celebrated  in  the 
annals   of   Umbria,  has  at  all  times 
abounded  in  monuments  of  antiquity,  and 
especially  in  Etruscan  coins.    There  has 
been  lately  discovered  a  gigantic  monu- 
ment on  the  declivity  of  a  hill  at  a  short 
distance  from  the  city.    As  far  as  it  has 
yet  been  disclosed,  it  consists  of  great 
blocks  of  travertin,  forming  parts  of  a 
fluted  column,  the  diameter  of  which  is 
about  six  feet  and  a  half,  which  is  larger 
than  the  columns  of  the  Foro  Trajano, 
or  those  of  the  Temple  of  Peace.  Most 
of  the  stones  are  marked  with  letters  or 
numbers,  in  red  lead,  probably  to  direct 
the  masons  in  joining  them  together. 
Some  Latin  inscriptions  record  the  names 
of  magistrates  and  illustrious  men  ;  and  in 
the  opinion  of  the  learned  antiquaries, 
Speroni  and  Fossati,  who  have  been  to 
examine  it,  the  work  is  of  the  Roman 
sera.    A  beautiful  bronze  statue,  in  fine 
preservation,  which  appears  to  have  had 
a  helmet,  not  yet  found,  resembles  Mars, 
to  whom  this  stately  temple  was  probably 
dedicated.    The  statue  measures  nearly 
four  feet  and  a  half. 

ROMAN  BAS-RELIEF. 


A  magnificent  bat  relief,  representing 
the  triumph  of  Tetricus  and  bis  Son, 
(saluted  Emperor  by  the  soldiers  in  the 
reign  of  Aurelian),  was  recently  found  at 
Nerac,  near  Toulouse.  It  is  5  feet  long, 
3  feet  wide,  and  4  inches  thick,  and  in  good 
preservation.  The  buildings  introduced 
into  it  are  covered  with  inscriptions,  with- 
out injuring  the  general  effect  in  the  least. 
The  fetters  are  small,  slightly  engraved, 
and  not  legible  at  a  little  distance.  The 
figures  are  short ;  and  the  head  of  the  sol- 
dier who  holds  a  horse  is  so  prominent, 
that  it  has  fallen  off  its  truck,  and  is  now 
fastened  on  with  cement.  All  the  orna- 
ments are  of  the  purest  taste,  and  are  only 
seen  on  the  triumphal  toga?  and  chariot ; 
every  other  pari  is  quite  simple. 

Excepting  on  some  medals,  the  small 
size  of  which  precludes  details,  there  now 
exist  few  antique  representations  of  Ro- 
man triumphs.  The  celebrated  bas-relief, 
known  by  the  name  of  the  triumph  of 
Marcus  Aurelius,  and  that  of  Titus,  have 
scarcely  anything  in  common  with  that 
lately  found,  excepting  the  coincidence  of 
the  quadriga.    The  triumphal  robes  of 


the  two  Tetrici— the  statue  of  Victory 
carried  by  the  father— the  eagle  resting 
on  a  sceptre  held  by  the  son— the  elegit 
make  of  the  chariot — and  the  warriors 
who  lead  the  horses  though  strictly  con- 
formable to  the  descriptions  of  ancient 
writers,  yet  differ  completely  from  the 
well-known  bas-reliefs  of  Marcus  Aure- 
lius and  Titus. 

CAVE  TEMPLES  IN  INDIA. 

The  late  campaigns  in  India  have  oc- 
casioned the  discovery  of  a  series  of  cave 
temples,  the  existence  of  which  was  pre- 
viously unknown  to  Europeans  or  the 
more  intellectual  classes  of  natives.  The 
pursuit  of  some  refractory  Bheels  in  the 
direction  of  Arguan  led  to  the  caverns 
in  which  these  people  had  taken  refuge, 
which  were  found  to  be  very  splendid  ex- 
cavations, dedicated  to  the  performance 
of  Buddhistic  worship.    Many  of  the 
interior  decorations  were  composed  of 
paintings  in  a  bold  and  florid  style,  the 
colours  being  perfectly  uninjured  by  time. 
The  figures  represented  in  tbesepaintings 
are  described  to  be  Persian,  both  in  dress 
and  feature,  and  the  female  countenances 
especially  are  said  to  possess  great  beauty. 
Some  of  the  borders  of  these  compart- 
ments are  of  the  richest  blue,  as  fresh  as 
when  they  were  first  painted  on  the  walls ; 
and  the  whole  seems  to  offer  an  extensive 
field  for  the  investigation  of  the  curious. 


CASTLE  AND  FRIARY  AT  CHICHESTER- 

Some  excavations  having  been  in  pro- 
gress at  Chichester,  in  the  Friary  Park, 
a  very  large  earthwork  was  lately  opened. 
It  is  the  mound  on  which  the  keep  of  the 
castle  built  by  Earl  Roger  de  Montgomery, 
was  constructed,  where  the  strong  founda- 
tions under  the  turf  are  still  to  be  seen. 
The  castle  of  Chichester  was  after- 
wards granted,  in  1233,  to  the  fraternity 
of  Grey  Friars. 

On  the  removal  of  the  rubbish,  several 
fragments  of  ancient  grandeur  were  found, 
6uch  as  painted  glass,  Norman  tiles,  with 
beautiful  devices  on  them,  several  abbey 
tokens  in  thin  brass,  and  some  skeletons 
of  members  of  the  fraternity;  they  all 
had  their  arms  crossed  over  the  body, 
and  on  one,  who  was  probably  a  prior, 
was  found  a  chalice  and  patten  of  pew- 
ter. On  the  top  of  the  tumulus,  a  little 
under  the  surface,  were  found  two  can- 
non balls,  weighing  30lb.  each,  which 
were  fired  against  this  place  when  the 
city  was  besieged  by  the  arms  of  Crora. 


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1835.]  419 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS   IN  PARLIAMENT. 

House  or  Lords,  Aug.  24.  the  Church  to  other  than  Ecclesiastical 

The  House  went  into  Committee  on  and  Protestant  uses.— Lord  Glenelg  de- 

tbe  Irish  Church  Bill,  when  the  pream-  fended  the  portion  of  the  Bill  sought  to 

ble  was  postponed*  and  the  first  eight  be  struck  out,  as  calculated  to  rescue  the 

clauses  were  agreed  to.    The  9th  clause,  Church  of  Ireland  from  the  danger  with 

which  admitted  the  revision  of  composi-  which  she  was  threatened. — The  Bishop 

tion  for  tithe,  was,  after  a  good  deal  of  of  London  supported    the  amendment, 

debate,  ordered  to  be  struck  out,  on  the  observing  that  nothing  but  an  overwhelm- 

motion  of  Lord  EUenborongh. — Clauses  ing  necessity,  which  could  not  be  pleaded 

10  to  21  inclusive,  referring  to,  and  con-  in  this  case,  could  induce  their  Lordships 

sequent  upon,  the  provisions  of  the  pre-  to  accede  to  a  measure  so  indefensible  as 

ceding  clause,  were  put  and  negatived  the  one  then  under  consideration. r- The 

without  a  division.    Clauses  22  to  39  in-  Marquesses  of  Oanricarde  and  Conyng- 

clusive  were,  after  several  verbal  amend-  ham  supported  the  original  Bill ;  and  the 

ments,  agreed  to.    On  clause  40,  pro-  Earl  of  Wmchllsca  spoke  in  favour  of  the 

yiding  that  tithe  compositions  should  be  amendment.— Lord  Plunked  opposed  the 

increased  or  diminished  according  to  the  amendment;  he  considered  that  the  person 

price  of  corn  during  the  last  seven  vears,  who  took  the  property  of  the  Church 

as  compared  with  the  prices  stated  in  the  without  doing  any  duty  for  it,  was  the 

certificate  thereof,  and  the  amount  of  the  P*rty  wn°  really  robbed  the  Church, 

rent-charges  calculated  accordingly,  and  Such  was  the  clergyman  who  received  four 

that  a  little  variation,  according  to  the  or  five  hundred  a  year  without  having  a 

price  of  corn,  should  take  place  every  single  Protestant  parishioner.    So  far 

year  in  the  amount  of  rent-charges,  being  from  this  being  an  act  of  deprivation,  it 

put,  Lord  EUenborough  proposed  to  omit  was  an  act  of  restitution  to  Protestant 

this  clause,  on  the  ground  that  it  would  purposes.— The  Earl  of  Roden  supported 

operate  in  direct  violation  of  the  contracts  the   amendment.  —  The  Marquess  of 

entered  into  under  the  Tithe  Acts  res-  Larudowne  trusted  that  their  Lordships 

pectively  introduced  by  Mr.  Goulburn  and  would  not  attempt  to  separate  the  clauses 

by  Lord  Stanley. — On  a  division,  there  under  consideration  from  the  Bill,  since 

■ppeared— for  the  clause  35 ;  against  it,  with  those  clauses  would  be  lost  that  pro- 

126.    The  clauses  up  to  60  inclusive  were  vision  for  the  Church  of  Ireland  which 

then  agreed  to  without  discussion.    Upon  he  was  confident  would  be  secured  to  it 

clause  61  (the  first  of  the  Appropriation  by  the  Bill.    The  Protestant  Establish- 

Clauses)  being  read,  which  enacts,  that  roent  in  Ireland  had  proved  a  total  failure; 

upon  the  next  vacancv  of  the  church  of  and,  by  passing  the  present  Bill,  their 

tny  parish  in  which  there  are  not  more  Lordships  would  gain  a  material  step 

than  60  members  of  the   Established  towards  the  tranquillization  of  Ireland. 

Church,  such  a  church  may  be  seques-  Under  it,  every  beneficed  member  of  the 

tered,  and  no  appointment  of  a  clergyman  Church  would  enjoy  a  much  larger  income 

to  such  church  shall  be  made  until  the  on  the  average  than  the  English  Clergy. 

Lord- Lieutenant  in  Council  shall  think  — Ix>rd  Brougham  observed,  that  the 

fit  so  to  direct;  and  that,  during  such  Clergy  of  Ireland  at  present  owed  the 

sequestration,  the  rents,  profits,  and  emo-  public  650,000/.  which  must  be  paid, 

laments  thereof  from  time  to  time  accru-  Their  Lordships  were  about  to  send  back 

ing  due,  and  all  arrears  which  may  have  the  Bill  to  the  House  of  Commons,  there 

accrued,  shall,  without  any  writ  or  process  to  be  flung  out ;  and  at  the  same  moment 

whatsoever,  be  vested  in  and  received  by  in  which  they  were  consigning  themselves 

the  ecclesiastical    commissioners,  who  to  the  admiration  of  the  Country  with 

shall  have  all  the  remedies  for  the  reoo-  hollow  professions  of  friendship  for  those 

very  thereof  that  had  belonged  to  the  in-  whom  they  were  in  point  of  fact  aban- 

cumbent; — the  Earl  of  Haddington  mOved,  doning,  they  were  leaving  those  objects 

that  clauses  61  to  88  inclusive  should  be  of  their  professed  friendship  to  the  tender 

•truck  out  of  the  Bill,  as  he  considered  mercies  of  a  process  out  of  the  Exche. 

that  by  them  a  most  deadly  blow  was  quer  in  Ireland.— Vise.  Melbourne  trusted 

aimed  at  the  Protestant  religion  in  Ire-  their  Lordships  would  consider  with  proper 

land.    He  called  upon  their  Lordships  to  feelings  of  regard  and  humanity  the  des- 

mtke  their  stand,  and  resist  this  first  legis-  titute  situation  in  which  they  were  about 

^ve  attempt  to  divert  the  property  of  to  leave  the  Protestant  Clergy  of  Ireland, 


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420  Proceedings  in 

by  their  decision  on  the  clauses  now  under 
consideration.  Tbe  two  parte  of  tbe  Bill 
which  it  was  proposed  to  separate,  had 
been  deliberately  united  by  the  Commons. 
He  concluded  by  saying,  that  if  their 
Lordships  should  carry  this  vote,  and 
determine  to  leave  these  clauses  out  of 
the  Bill,  he  would  not  be  a  party  to  pro- 
ceeding further  with  it,  but  should  de- 
cline to  send  it  back  to  the  House  of 
Commons  in  a  shape  which  would  compel 
that  House,  both  in  form  and  principle, 
to  reject  it  entirely. — Tbe  Duke  of  Wd- 
lington  earnestly  entreated  their  Lord- 
ships, notwithstanding  the  menaces  of  the 
Noble  Viscount,  notwithstanding  the  ex- 
aggerated statements  of  the  Noble  and 
Learned  Lord,  to  agree  to  the  motion  of 
bis  Noble  Friend. —  Lord  Duncawion 
hoped  that  his  Noble  Friend  at  the  head 
of  the  Government  would  persist  in  the 
intention  of  which  he  had  given  notice  - 
On  a  division,  there  appeared — for  the 
amendment,  Contents,  138;  Non-con- 
tents, 41 ;  majority  against  Ministers,  97. 
The  clauses  were  then  struck  out,  and 
the  House  resumed. 

Aug.  25.  On  the  motion  of  Lord 
Melbourne,  tbe  Municipal  Corporations 
Bill  was  committed.— The  Earl  of  Devon 
proposed,  as  an  amendment  on  the  15th 
clause,  which  was  assented  to,  "  That  in 
all  corporate  towns  divided  into  more  than 
four  wards,  any  resident  voter  possessing 
property  to  the  amount  of  1000/.  in  real 
or  personal  estate,  should  be  placed  on  the 
list  of  persons  eligible  to  serve  as  town- 
counsellors;  and  that  in  all  corporate 
towns  with  less  than  four  wards,  or  with- 
out wards,  a  person  possessing  500/.  of 
real  or  personal  estate,  should  be  placed 
on  the  list  of  persons  eligible  to  serve  as 
town-counsellors  in  such  town."  On  the 
59th  clause,  Lord  Lyndhurst  proposed  as 
an  amendment,  that  the  town-clerksshould 
hold  their  offices  as  heretofore  for  life,  or 
during  their  good  behaviour,  w  hich  was 
in  practice  the  same  thing — On  a  divi- 
sion, tbe  amendment  was  carried  by  a 
majority  of  104  against  36.  An  amend- 
ment proposed  by  Lord  Lyndhur$t,  limit- 
ing the  patronage  of  Church  livings 
vested  in  corporations  to  such  of  tbe  town 
council  as  shall  be  members  of  tbe  Church 
of  England,  was  carried,  after  a  debate, 
without  a  division.  The  remainder  of 
the  clauses  were  then  agreed  to. 

Aug.  26.  Lord  Dunconnon  moved  the 
second  reading  of  the  Constabulary 
Force  (Ireland)  Bill.— The  Earl  of 
Rotkn  moved  that  it  be  read  a  second 
time  that  day  six  months;  and  on  a  divi- 
sion the  amendment  was  carried  by  a 
majority  of  12  ;  there  being,  for  the  mo- 
tion, 51 ;  against  it,  39. 


Parliament.  .  [Oct. 

Aug.  27.  Lord  Melbourne  moved  that 
the  Report  of  the  Municipal  Corpora- 
tions Bill  be  received,  and  in  so  doing 
strongly  censured  the  alterations  which 
had  been  introduced  into  it  by  their  Lord- 
ships. He  moved  the  erasure  of  tbat 
part  of  tbe  6th  clause  which  went  to  con- 
tinue the  Alderman  for  life — a  proposition 
which,  on  a  division,  was  negatived  by  a 
majority  of  160  against  89. 

Aug.  28.  The  Great  Western  Rail- 
way Bill  was  read  a  third  time  and 
passed. 

Tbe  Municipal  Corporations  Bill 
was  read  a  third  time,  and  passed,  after  a 

division  of  69  to  5. 


House  of  Commons,  Aug.  31. 
Lord  Jottu  Rum  11  proposed  the  consi- 
deration of  the  Lords'  amendments  to  the 
Municipal    Corporations  Bill.  He 
first  alluded  to  the  amendments  regarding 
the  governing  bodies  in  Corporations,  and 
declared  that  it  whs  inconsistent  with  the 
principle  of  the  Bill  to  retain  any  of  tbe 
self-elective,  or  perpetual  portions  of 
those  bodies.    He  looked  at  the  alteration 
regarding  town  cleiksin  tbe  same  point  of 
view.   Irremoveable  town  clerks,  be  con- 
sidered, must  lead  to  discord  in  the  Coun- 
cils.   These  alterations  he  deemed  inad- 
missible.   He  proposed  not  the  rejection 
but  tbe  amendment  of  the  election  to  tbe 
Town  Council — namely,  that  one  third 
should  be  elected  by  the  Council  them- 
selves, not  for  life,  but  for  six  years,  and 
one  half  of  the  body  to  be  afterwards 
chosen  every  three  years.     Instead  of 
dividing  into  wards  where  there  were 
6.000  inhabitants,  he  should  propose  that 
there  be  wards  where  the  number  was 
9,000.  In  conclusion,  his  Lordship  hoped 
that  they  might  come  to  a  satisfactory 
adjustment  regarding  this  Bill,  such  as 
should  advance   the  interests  of  tbe 
country,  and  not  compromise  the  dignity 
of  that  House ;  but  if  he  could  not  ac- 
complish the  correction  of  these  amend- 
ments, he  should  not  regret  the  course  he 
had  taken.    Improvements  there  roust  be, 
and  he  wished  them  to  be  effected  in  the 
spirit  of  peace ;  and,  as  fur  as  he  was 
concerned,  to  accomplish  reforms  and 
improvements. — Sir  R.  Peel  dwelt  at  con- 
siderable length  on  the  merits  of  the 
amendments  that  had  been  introduced  by 
the  House  of  Lords;  but  he  complained 
of  the  amendment  authorising  elections 
for  lives,  as  they  would  not  only  promote 
monopoly  but  create  great  ill-will.  After 
much  desultory  discussion,  in  which  Mr. 
JIumc,  Mr.  G'rote  and  Mr.  O'Conncll  took 
part,  Mr.   G*  Council  declaring  that  the 
collision  between  the  Lords  and  Commons 
had  already  commenced,  the  House  pro. 


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1835.]  Proceedings  I 

.ceeded  to  the  consideration  of  the  amend- 
mcnts  and  Lord  John  Russell" t  alterations 
of  them. 

The  Tithe  Instalment  Suspension 
Bill  was  read  a  second  time. 

Sept.  1.    The  House  proceeded  with 
the  Lords*  amendments  on  the  Munici- 
pal   Corporations    Bill.     The  first 
amendment   embraced  the  question  of 
qualification. — Sir  R.  Peel  suggested  that 
for.  Town  Councillors,  &c.  there  should 
be  added   the  qualification  on  rating, 
namely,  in  large  towns,  where  there  are 
four  or  more  wards,  being  rated  at  30/.  in 
the  smaller  towns  at  15*.    This  uddition 
to  the  Lords'  qualification  was  adopted. 
The  words  "  Common  Council "  werejin- 
troduced  for  "  Aldermen  "  in  clause  52. 
On  the  clause  regarding  «*  Town  Clerks," 
Lord  John  Russell  moved  as  an  amend- 
ment on  the  Lords'  amendment,  that 
those  officers  be  appointed  "  during  plea- 
sure," which  was  adopted. — Lord  John 
Rustell  moved  that  the  amendment  re- 
specting the  appointment  of  Justices  of 
Peace  should  be  omitted,  which,  after  a 
long  discussion,  was  agreed  to.  Several 
clauses,  with  verbal  amendments,  were 
afterwards  agreed  to. 

Sept.  2.    The  House  resumed  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Lords'  amendments  to 
the  Municipal  Corporations  Bill.  - 
Lord  John  Rustell,  on  the  qualification 
clause,  proposed  an  amendment  to  the 
effect,  that  in  the  event  of  the  party  not 
continuing  qualified  during  the  time  of 
remaining  in  office,  the  penalties  should 
be  deemed  to  be  incurred,  which  was 
agreed  to. — The  Chancellor  of  Out  Excite. 
ottfr,  on  the  Lords' amendment,  providing 
that  no  members  of  the  Councils,  except 
they  were  also  members  of  the  Church  of 
England,  should  have  voices  in  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Church  patronage  of  Corpo- 
rations, brought  forward  his  proposition 
that  the  Church  property  belonging  to 
Corporations  should  be  sold. — Sir  R, 
Peel  concurred  in  the  propriety  of  adding 
such  amendment,    it  led  to  a  good  deal 
of  desultory  discussion,  as  to  the  mode 
of  carrying  it  into  effect,  but  the  principle 
was   generally  adopted.     The  Lords' 
amendments  having  been  gone  through,  a 
Committee  was  appointed  to  draw  up 
reasons  for  the  Conference  with  the 
Lords,  setting  forth  why  certain  amend- 
ments  of  their  Lordships   were  not 
adopted  by  the  Commons. 

House  of  Lords,  Sept.  3. 
On  the  motion  of  Viscount  Mellvurne, 
a  Conference  was  granted  with  the  Com- 
mons on  the  subject  of  the  Municipal 
Corporations  Bill,  which  being  ended, 
the  amendments  and  reasons  of  dissent 
were  ordered  to  be  printed  and  taken  into 


Parliament.  421 

consideration.  The  Lords  appointed  to 
manage  the  conference  were  the  Lord 
President,  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  the 
Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  the  Bishop  of  Bris- 
tol, Lord  Auckland,  Lord  Melbourne, 
and  Viscount  Hitherton. 

Sept.  4.  On  the  motion  of  Viscount 
Melbourne,  the  alterations  made  by  the 
Commons  on  their  Lordships'  amend- 
ments to  the  Corporation  Bill  were 
taken  into  consideration,  when  Lord 
Lyndliunt  addressed  the  House  at  consi- 
derable length,  and  in  his  speech  took  a 
review  of  the  alterations  made  by  the 
Commons  to  the  several  amended  clauses, 
to  some  of  which  he  gave  his  assent,  espe- 
cially to  that  relative  to  Church  patron, 
age.  To  that  which  went  to  restrict  the 
King's  prerogative  in  the  appointment  of 
Magistrates  ne  bad  strong  objections,  as 
also  to  that  relating  to  the  appointment  of 
Aldermen ;  but  he  should  not  oppose  the 
alteration. — The  Duke  of  Wellington  was 
disposed  to  take  the  same  view  of  the 
amendments  of  the  Commons  as  his 
Noble  Friend ;  especially  that  which  re- 
lated to  the  Aldermen.  He  still  thought 
they  should  have  remained  for  life.  After 
some  further  conversation,  all  the  Com- 
mons' amendments,  to  clause  99,  were 
agreed  to.  Upon  clause  99,  Lord  Alnnger 
proposed,  as  an  amendment,  the  introduc- 
tion of  certain  words  to  vest  the  appoint- 
ment of  Magistrates  in  the  Crown,  in- 
stead of  making  them  elective,  as  pro- 
posed by  the  Bill.  Their  Lordships 
after  some  discussion,  divided — for  Lord 
Abinger's  amendment,  144;  against  it 
82.  —  Lord  EUcnborough  proposed  to 
restore  the  number  6000,  as  that  at  which 
towns  should  be  divided  into  wards,  in- 
stead of  9000,  as  fixed  by  the  Commons. 
For  Lord  Ellenborough's  amendment, 
79;  against  it,  33. 


House  of  Commons,  Sept.  7. 
A  Conference  having  taken  place  with 
the  Lords,  Lord  Jofm  Russell  stated  that 
their  Lordships  insisted  on  certain  amend- 
ments that  they  had  made  in  the  Munici- 
pal Corporations  Bill.  He  said  that 
the  question  now  arose  whether  they 
ought  to  endanger  the  Bill  by  rejecting 
the  amendments.  He  proposed  that  the 
House  do  not  press  the  opposition  to  the 
amendments  on  which  the  Lords  now 
insisted.  He  considered  that  the  Bill 
was  the  foundation  of  very  good  local 
Governments.  At  the  same  time  be  in- 
timated he  did  not  consider  himself  pre- 
cluded from  bringing  forward  a  Bill  next 
Session  to  effect  what  be  then  deemed  to 
be  imperfect.  With  respect  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  borough  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
though  the  Lords  left  the  nomination 
with  the    King  independently  of  the 


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422 


Proceedings  in  Parliament. 


Councils,  while  in  office  he  should  deem 
it  his  duty  to  receive  from  the  Councils 
lists  of  persons  deemed  fit  and  proper  to 
be  appointed  Justices  of  the  Peace.  A 
long  and  desultory  discussion  ensued,  in 
the  course  of  which  Air.  Duneombe  de- 
nounced the  Lords*  amendments  as  de- 
grading. The  Lords1  amendments  were 
eveutually  adopted. 


House  op  Lords,  Sept.  8. 

After  the  Municipal  Corporations 
Bill  had  been  passed,  Lord  Melbourne 
moved  the  third  reading  of  the  Tithes 
Instalment  Suspension  (Ireland)  Bill, 
He  expressed  regret  that  the  Irish 
Church  Bill  had  been  impeded  in  its 
course,  feeling  persuaded  that  it  would 
have  given  peace,  and  eventually  satisfac- 
tion ;  and  observed  that  the  Government 
could  not  proceed  further  than  was  done 
by  the  present  Bill :  claims  of  arrear 
could  not  be  foregone  if  arrears  of  tithes 
were  received.  After  some  remarks  from 
Lord  Elletiborougft  and  Earl  Rodcn,  the 
Bill  was  read  a  third  time  and  passed. 

Srpt.  10.  This  day  the  two  Houses  of 
Parliaments  were  prorogued  by  his  Ma- 
jesty, who,  on  the  occasion,  delivered  the 
following  most  gracious  Speech. 

44  My  Lordt  and  Gentlemen^ 

«  I  find  with  great  satisfaction  that  the 
stute  of  public  business  enables  me  to 
relieve  you  from  further  attendance,  and 
from  the  pressure  of  those  duties  which 
you  have  performed  with  so  much  zeal 
and  assiduity. 

44  I  receive  from  all  Foreign  Powers 
satisfactory  assurances  of  their  desire  to 
maintain  with  roe  the  most  friendly  under- 
standing, and  I  look  forward  with  confi- 
dence to  the  preservation  of  the  general 
peace,  which  has  been,  and  will  be,  the 
object  of  my  constant  solicitude.  I  la- 
ment that  the  civil  contest  in  the  Northern 
Provinces  of  Spain  has  not  yet  been 
brought  to  a  termination ;  but,  taking  a 
deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  Spanish 
Monarchy,  I  shall  continue  to  direct  to 
that  quarter  my  roost  anxious  attention, 
in  concert  with  the  three  Powers  with 
whom  I  concluded  the  Treaty  of  quad- 
ruple alliance;  and  I  have,  in  furtherance 
of  the  objects  of  that  treaty,  exercised 
the  power  vested  in  me  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  have  granted  permission  to  my 
subjects  to  engage  in  the  service  of  the 
Queen  of  Spain.  I  have  concluded  with 
Denmark,  Sardinia,  and  Sweden,  fresh 
Conventions,  calculated  to  prevent  the 
traffic  in  African  slaves;  I  hope  soon  to 
receive  the  ratification  of  a  similar  treaty, 
which  has  been  signed  with  Spain.  I  am 
engaged  in  negociations  with  other  powers 
in  Europe  and  in  South  America  for  the 


same  purpose,  and  I  trust  that  ere  long 
the  unitea  efforts  of  all  civilized  nations 
will  suppress  and  extinguish  this  traffic. 

44 1  perceive  with  entire  approbation, 
that  you  have  directed  your  attention  to 
the  regulation  of  Municipal  Corporations 
in  England  and  Wales,  and  I  have  cheer- 
fully given  my  assent  to  the  Bill  which  you 
have  passed  for  that  purpose.  I  cordially 
concur  in  this  important  measure,  which 
is  calculated  to  allay  discontent,  to  pro- 
mote peace  and  union,  and  to  procure  for 
those  communities  the  advantages  of  re- 
sponsible government. 

**  I  greatly  rejoice  that  the  internal  con- 
dition of  Ireland  has  been  such  as  to  have 
permitted  you  to  substitute  for  the  neces- 
sary severity  of  a  law,  which  has  been 
suffered  to  expire,  enactments  of  a  milder 
character.  No  part  of  my  duty  is  mora 
grateful  to  my  feelings  than  the  mitigation 
of  a  penal  statute  in  any  case  in  which  it 
can  be  effected  consistently  with  the  main- 
tenance of  order  and  tranquillity. 
"  Gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Commons, 

44  I  thank  you  for  the  readiness  with 
which  you  have  voted  the  supplies.  You 
have  provided  not  only  for  the  ex- 
penses of  the  year,  and  for  the  interest 
upon  the  large  sum  awarded  to  the  owners 
of  slaves  in  my  colonial  possessions,  but 
also  for  several  unexpected  and  peculiar 
claims  upon  the  justice  and  liberality  of 
the  nation.  It  is  most  gratifying  to  ob- 
serve, that  not  only  have  these  demands 
been  met  without  additional  taxation,  but 
that  you  have  made  some  further  progress 
in  reducing  the  burthens  of  my  people. 
I  am  enabled  to  congratulate  you,  that  the 
terms,  upon  which  the  loan  for  the  com- 
pensation to  the  proprietors  of  slaves  has 
Seen  obtained,  afford  conclusive  evidence 
of  the  flourishing  state  of  public  credit, 
and  of  that  general  confidence,  which  is 
the  result  of  a  determination  to  fulfil  the 
national  engagements,  and  to  maintain 
inviolable  the  public  faith. 

44  My  Lordt  and  Gentlemen, 

u  I  know  that  I  may  securely  rely  upon 
your  loyalty  and  patriotism,  and  I  fuel 
confident  that  in  returning  to  your  re- 
spective counties,  and  in  resuming  those 
functions  which  you  discharge  with  so 
much  advantage  to  the  community,  you 
will  recommend  to  all  classes  of  your 
countrymen  obedience  to  the  law,  attach- 
ment to  the  Constitution,  and  a  spirit 
of  temperate  amendment,  which,  under 
Divine  Providence,  are  the  surest  means 
of  preservingthe  tranquillity  and  increasing 
the  prosperity  which  this  country  enjoys." 

Lord  Denman,  as  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Lords,  then  declared  that  it  was  his 
Majesty's  pleasure  that  Parliament  should 
be  prorogued  till  Tuesday,  the  10th  day 
of  November  next. 


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423 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

The  new  law  for  abolishing  the  liberty 
of  the  press,  as  detailed  in  our  last,  has 
passed  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  after 
one  of  the  most  irregular  debates  ever 
heard  within  the  walls  of  a  legislative  as- 
sembly.    Notwithstanding  the  previous 
withdrawal  of  the  leaders  of  the  opposition, 
several  who  remained  were  strongly  op- 
posed to  the  passing  of  the  bill  in  its  then 
odious  shape*  although  prepared  to  sanc- 
tion some  measure  for  restraining  the 
licentiousness  of  the  press.   Some  amend- 
ments were  adopted  by  Ministers  in 
consequence  of  the  outery  that  began  to 
be  raised  out  of  doors.    By  one  of  these, 
the  caution-money,  as  it  is  called,  de- 
posited by  the  proprietors  of  journals  in 
the  hands  of  government,  has  been  re- 
duced from  8,000/.  to  one-half  that  sura. 
Henceforward  we  may  regard  the  liberty 
of  the  press  in  France  as  legally  abol- 
ished.   The  anticipated  rigour  of  the  law 
has  already  terrified  several  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  journals,  especially  in  the  pro- 
vinces, and  has  induced  them  to  discon- 
tinue their  publications.     It  has  been 
estimated  that  at  least  100  papers  in  the 
provinces  will  be  suppressed,  and  two  of 
the  most  satirical  and  witty  publications 
in  Paris,  Figaro  and  the  Coreaire,  hare 
already  ceased  to  appear.    Most  of  the 
Paris  journals  have  declared  their  inten- 
tion to  conform  to  the  provisions  of  the 
new  law;  but  the  National  avows  its  de- 
termination to  continue  to  advocate  re- 
publicanism, despite  of  the  perils  that 
threaten  it.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies 
have  also  passed  the  bill  for  the  modifica- 
tion of  the  jury  system,  by  which  the 
majority  required  to  constitute  a  verdict, 
instead  of  being  eight  at  least,  is  re- 
duced to  seven ;  the  vote  of  the  jurors 
is  to  be  secret— that  is,  by  ballot 

On  the  11th  of  September  the  Cham- 
bers were  prorogued  by  commission. 
The  Moniteur  of  the  same  date  contains 
a  list  of  thirty  new  Peers,  mere  depen- 
dents on  the  Government — the  object  of 
their  creation  having  doubtless  been  to 
procure  a  complete  command  over  that 
Chamber,  which  is  hereafter  to  be  the 
tribunal  before  which  offences  against  the 
Press  are  to  be  tried. 

SPAIN. 

The  Queen*s  government,  under  the 
administration  of  Toreno,  has  been  at 
length  compelled  to  yield  to  the  popular 
voice,  which  bad  so  unequivocally  declared 
itself  in  nearly  all  the  leading  towns  and 
provinces.    On  the  l<kh  of  September 


the  Ministry  was  changed;  and  M. 
Mendizabal,  one  of  the  most  liberal  men 
of  the  popular  party,  was  appointed  Mi- 
nister of  nuance,  with  orders  to  form  a 
new  administration.  The  presidency  of 
the  Council  was  conferred  on  Don  Ra- 
mon Gil  de  la  Cuadra,  a  Member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Proceres,  and  the  intimate 
friend  of  Mina  and  Mendizabal ;  and  Ge- 
neral A  lava  was  appointed  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs. 

The  above  result  was  brought  about, 
in  consequence  of  many  of  the  leading 
towns  being  in  a  state  of  organized  rebel- 
lion ;  and  every  attempt  to  subdue  the 
popular  storm  having  been  found  unavail- 
ing.   Toreno's  object  was  to  persevere  in 
a  system  of  violent  repression ;  and  ac- 
cordingly, the  Queen  Regent  issued  a 
decree  against  the  remonstrances  of  the 
insurgent  provinces,  declaring  the  Juntas 
illegal,  dissolving  them,  and  ordering  the 
fuctionaries  who  had  hitherto  tolerated 
or  made  part  of  them,  to  retire  to  places 
where  the  government  was  obeyed,  and 
menacing  them  with  dismissal  in  case  of 
non-compliance.    The  superior  authori- 
ties of  Catalonia,  on  the  receipt  of  the 
decree,  immediately  convoked  a  meeting 
of  the  Consulting  Auxiliary  Junta,  and 
constituted  themselves  provisionally  into 
a  Superior  Junta  of  Government  for  the 
whole  province  ;  at  the  same  time  adopt- 
ing the  most  energetic  measures  for  ge- 
neral resistance. —  The  Junta  of  Saragos3a 
coolly  replied,  by  publishing  the  answer 
of  the  Government,  and  adding,  that  it 
would  not  abandon  the  interests  confided 
to  it.    The  Junta  of  Valentia  issued  an 
ordonnance  of  its  own  authority,  decree- 
ing that  all  the  bells  in  the  convents 
should  be  sold  in  order  to  arm  the  people. 
At  Cordova  the  Urban  Militia  assembled 
spontaneously  in  the  Plaza  Mayor.  The 
Captains  and  other  officers  expressed,  in 
the  name  of  their  companies,  a  desire  to 
follow  the  impetus  given  by  the  nation, 
and  support  the  rights  of  the  people,  re- 
strained by  the  conduct  of  an  evil  Minis- 
try.   The  regiment  of  Cadiz  fraternized 
with  the  militia  and  the  people,  and  the 
town  was  illuminated.     A  Junta  was 
named,  of  which  General  Ramirez  was 
appointed  president;  who  published  an 
address,  which  was  sent  to  the  Queen, 
demanding  a  change  of  the  Ministry. 
The  Juntas  opened  communications  with 
one  another  by  means  of  deputations. 
The  province  of  Cuenca,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  Old  Castile,  which  forms,  to  the 
north  of  the  capital,  a  line  extending  from 
Valladolid  and  Burgos  to  Toledo,  sent  in 


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42* 

its  adhesion  to  tbe  Junta  of  Saragossa. 
Seville  followed  the  example  of  Granada 
and  Cordova.  In  most  of  the  provinces 
the  civil  and  military  functionaries,  as 
well  as  the  troops,  immediately  declared 
in  favour  of  the  Juntas,  notwithstanding: 
the  Madrid  decrees,  wherever  they  did 
not,  of  their  own  accord,  place  themselves 
at  the  head  of  the  insurrection.  Tbe 
National  Guard  was  also  organising  and 
arming  at  Malaga,  Marvella,  Motril, 
Velcz,  and  other  places.  The  Junta  of 
Malaga  had  opened  an  intercourse  with 
that  of  Cadiz,  and  taken  most  energetic 
measures  against  the  monks.  From  the 
change  of  the  Ministry  however,  and  the 
prospect  of  a  liberal  government,  several  of 
the  Juntas  have  sent  in  their  adhesion  to 
the  government. 

The  civil  war,  in  the  North  of  Spain, 
still  rages  with  asperity.  Some  severe 
actions  have  lately  taken  place.  On  the 
2d  of  Sept.  a  battle  was  fought  between 
the  Queen's  troops  under  Cordova, 
amounting  to  16,000  men,  and  the  insur- 

fents  in  nearlv  equal  numbers,  under 
uralde  and  Moreno,  supported  by  Don 
Carlos  in  person,  with  tbe  first  battalion 
of  the  Guides  of  Alava,  the  Sacred  Com. 
puny,  as  it  is  called,  and  the  whole  of  the 
Pretender's  staff.  On  the  morning  of 
the  2d,  Cordova  bad  set  out  from  Mendi- 
gorria,  and  taken  up  a  position  in  tbe 
neighbourhood  of  Los  Arcos.  Until 
after  midday  the  advantage  is  said  to  have 
been  in  favour  of  Cordova,  but  his  right 
wing  having  been  driven  in  about  three 
in  the  afternoon,  he  was  obliged  to  retreat 
in  the  direction  of  Viana.  The  loss  on 
the  Queen's  side  is  stated  at  200  killed, 
and  that  of  the  Carlists  the  same. 

On  the  1  Ith  another  action  took  place 
at  Arrigorreaga,  near  Bil  boa,  between  the 
divisions  of  Kspartero  and  Espeleta, 
amounting  to  8,000  men,  and  the  main 
body  of  the  Carlists  under  Moreno, 
amounting  to  near  12,000  men,  which  ter- 
minated in  favour  of  the  latter.  When 
the  noise  of  the  first  firing  was  beard  at 
Bilboa,  the  garrison  and  four  battalions  of 
tbe  English  marched  out  to  support  Es- 
pelcta's  troods.  In  consequence  of  the 
bridge  over  the  Nervion  having  been 
abandoned  before  the  rear  of  Espartero's 
division,  with  part  of  the  baggage,  had 
passed,  the  Carlist  cavalry  charged  them, 
and  occasioned  considerable  loss ;  but 
Espartero  placed  himself  at  the  head  of 
a  few  cavalry  and  recovered  the  bridge, 
and  the  3rd  regiment  of  the  English 
coming  to  their  assistance,  charged  down 
the  road  and  drove  the  Carlists  back. 
Espartero  was  wounded,  and  the  total  loss 
during  the  day  was  about  o00  men. 

Tbe  Carlists  occupied  on  the  12th  the 
same  positions  they  held  on  the  pieced- 
II 


[Oct. 

ing  day,  in  the  villages  of  St.  Migel,  Ar- 
rigorreaga, and  Basauri,  with  a  battalion 
in  advance  at  the  bridge  of  Puentc  Nuevo. 

ITALY. 

Italy  has  been  suffering  a  most  severe 
visitation  of  tbe  cholera,  Genoa,  Flo- 
rence, and  Leghorn  having  a  fearful  mor- 
tality within  their  walls.  At  Genoa,  tbe 
deaths  reported  were  upwards  of  lOO  per 
day,  and  among  the  victims  were  num- 
bered two  noblemen,  three  physicians 
three  merchants,  and  four  bankers.  Tbe 
people  were  quitting  tbe  place  in  great 
alarm. 

SWITZERLAND. 

The  city  of  Geneva  has  been  celebrat- 
ing the  third  Jubilee  of  the  Reformation, 
It  began  on  the  22d  of  Aug.  with  great 
ceremony  and  splendour.  Deputations 
sent  from  all  parts  of  Protestant  Europe 
replied  to  the  appeal  made  to  their  church- 
es by  the  Genevese  clergy.  Strasbourg, 
Montbeliard,  Mulnauscn,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  churches  of  the  centre  and 
south  of  France  had  their  representatives 
present,  and  tbe  ecclesiastics  of  reformed 
Switzerland  appeared  in  great  numbers. 

GERMANY. 

A  grand  military  spectacle  baa  taken 
place  at  Kalisch,  where  tbe  Russian  and 
Prussian  troops  have  assembled  in  great 
numbers,  to  be  reviewed  by  their  respec- 
tive sovereigns.  The  Emperor  of  Russia 
arrived  at  Kalisch  on  the  19th  Aug.  arid 
next  day  reviewed  tbe  Kourds  and  Cos- 
sacks, Don  Cossacks,  Georgians,  and 
Circassians.  These  troops,  about  16,000 
cavalry,  performed  many  evolutions  and 
sham-fights,  which  presented  tbe  most 

IMcturesque  military  spectacle  that  Europe 
uis  seen  since  the  middle  ages.  Amongst 
the  distinguished  persons  present  were 
the  Dukes  of  Cambridge  and  Cumber- 
land, the  Duke  of  Nassau  and  Prince 
Frederick  of  the  Netherlands,  &c. 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

The  seeds  of  dissension  appear  not  only 
to  have  taken  deep  root,  but  to  have  pro- 
duced most  bitter  fruit  in  various  parts  of 
the  Union.    At  Baltimore,  in  particular, 
a  disturbance,  resembling  more  an  insur- 
rection than  a  riot,  broke  out  on  the  8th 
of  August,  in  which  property  was  de- 
stroyed and  lives  were  lost,  and  the  civil 
and  military  authorities  for  some  days  set 
at  nought  by  an  infuriated  mob.  The 
failure  of  the  bank  of  Maryland,  in  which 
several  mechanics  had  deposited  their 
little  savings,  was  tbe  ostensible  cause 
of  this  outrage.    Washington  and  Char- 
leston have  also  been  the  theatres  of 
violent  proceedings.    Tbe  slave  question 
— a  question  which  threatens  more  suf- 
fering, if  not  ruin,  to  the  American  States, 
than  any  other  of  the  various  differences  . 
which  distract  them— is  the  provocation 


Foreign  New*. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Foreign  News. — Promotions,  Sfc. 


425 


in  these  quarters.  The  alternative  offered 
by  the  Carolinas  is  an  arbitrary  protection 
of  their  property  in  their  slaves,  or  an 
immediate  dissolution  of  the  federal  union. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  proprietors  and 
planters,  held  at  Charleston  on  the  11th 
of  August,  a  number  of  resolutions  were 
passed,  and  carried  by  acclamation.  The 
whole  of  the  Southern  States  are  exas- 
perated ;  and  every  man  who  is  sus- 
pected of  being  for  emancipation  is  in 
danger  of  being  shot  or  hung* 

At  New  York  a  most  calamitous  fire 
has  taken  place. — A  church  and  upwards 
of  thirty  stores  and  dwellings  have  been 
destroyed.  The  loss  falls  exceedingly 
heavy  on  publishers,  and  those  employed 
in  newspaper  establishments,  upwards  of 
20  of  which  have  been  destroyed. 


Captain  Back  left  Fort  William  on  the 
20th  March,  on  his  return  from  his  peril- 
ous journey  in  search  of  Capt.  Ross  in 
the  Polar  regions,  and  arrived  at  Liver- 
pool on  the  8th  of  Sept.  He  travelled 
on  snow-shoes  to  Fort  Chippewayan, 
whence  he  departed  May  l28th,  and  arrived 
at  Lachin  on  the  6th  of  August.  Dr. 
King  and  the  rest  of  the  expedition  were 
left  at  Fort  Reliance,  all  well,  and  in- 
tending to  proceed  for  England  by  way 
of  Hudson's  Bay.  No  casualty  bad  oc- 
curred except  the  death  of  Williamson,  a 
volunteer  artilleryman,  who  died  on  the 
journey  back  to  Hudson's  Bay  station, 
(apt.  Back  is  stated  to  have  traced  Great 
Fish  River  to  the  sea ;  and  it  is  said  to 
be  large,  but  dangerous  of  navigation,  I 
greatly  impeded  by  ice. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Promotions. 

Aug.  21.    Edward  Every,  of  Cut- Mil.  Lane 
esq.  second  son  of  Sir  Henry  Every,  Bart,  in 
memory  of  Thomas  Clayton,  late  or  Carr-hall, 
esq.  deceased,  to  take  the  name  of  Clayton,  in 
addition  to  Every,  and  quarter  the  arm*. 

A  "■/ .  23.  The  brothers  and  sisters  of  George 
Sholto  Earl  of  Morton  to  enjoy  the  precedence 
which  would  have  been  due  to  them  in  case 
their  said  father,  John  Douglas,  esq.  had  suc- 
ceeded to  the  said  dignity. 

Aug.  28.  10th  Foot.  Major  Jas.  W.  8.  Waller, 
to  be  Major.— 12th  Foot,  Major  J.  Jones  to 
be  Lieut.-Col.— Capt.  Hen.  A.  O'Neill,  to  be 
Major. 

Aug.  29.  The  Duke  of  Cambridge  to  be 
Ranger  of  Richmond  New  Park. 

Sept.  1.  Charles  Tennyson,  of  Caistor,  co. 
Lincoln,  Clerk,  in  compliance  with  the  will  of 
his  great  uncle.  Samuel  Turner,  Clerk,  to  take 
the  surname  of  Turner  only. 

Srpt.  2.  John  Gurdon,  of  Letton,  co.  Nor- 
folk, esq.  having  intermarried  with  Dame  Mary 
Martin  Ormsby  Rebow,  widow  of  Sir  Thomas 
Ormshy,  of  Cloghans,  co.  Mayo,  Bart,  and  only 
dau.  and  heir  of  Francis  Slater  Rebow,  of  Wiven- 
hoe  Park,  Essex,  a  I jeut.-Gen.  in  the  army,  (in 
compliance  with  the  wish  of  his  said  father-in- 
law)  to  take  the  surname  of  Rebow  in  addition 
to  Gurdon,  and  bear  the  arms  of  Rebow. 

Knighted, Lieut.-Geti.  Ralph  Darling.G.G.H. 
Col.  jwth  regt.  late  Gov.  of  New  South  Wales. 

Sept.  A.  10th  Foot,  Capt.  G.  Power  to  be 
Major.—  **9th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  R.  Doherty,  to 
be  Lieut.-Col.— 1st  West  India  Regt.,  Lieut- 
Col.  Wm.  Hush,  to  be  Lieut. -Col. 

Sept.  13.  The  Earl  of  Minto,  G.C.B.  to  be 
first  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

Srpt.  21.  Durham  Militia,  John  Bowes,  esq. 
to  bo  Lieut.-Col. 

Rt.-Hon.  Louisa  Perrin  to  be  fourth  Justice 
of  the  King's  Bench  in  Ireland  ;  Michael 
O'Lojrhlin,  esq.  to  be  Attorney- general  ;  and 
John  Richards,  esq.  to  be  Solicitor-general. 

Xmrai  Promotion*.— Capt.  the  Hon.  George 
Gn^  to  the  Cleopatra;  Capt.  the  Hon.  Fred. 
Grey  to  the  Jupiter. 


Member  returned  to  ten*  in  Parliament 
Belfast.— George  Dunbar,  of  Belfast,  esq. 

Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 
Rev.  B.  W.  Disnev,  Archdeacon  of  Itaphoe. 
■W.  T.  Bowen,  Lower  Guiting  V.  co.  UJouc. 
R>*.  A.  L.  Clarke,  Beeston  R.  co.  Norfolk. 
GfcNT.  Mac.  Vol.  IV. 


Rev.  C.  Deedes.  West  Camel  R.  co.  Somerset. 
Rev.  K.  H.  Digby,  Tittleshall  R.  co.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  G.  Fish,  lngworth  R,  co.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  C.  Gilbee,  hilsby  R.  co.  Northampton. 
Rev.  W.  Holbrey,  Barmby  Don  P.C.  York. 
Rev.  R.  H owlet t,  Walberswick  and  JUyth- 

borough  P.C.  co.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  H.  James,  Coin  St.  Aldwyn's  V.  co. 

Glouc. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Loshington,  Eastling  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  A.  Mackeniie,  Church  of  Kilmuir  Wester, 
Ross-shire. 

Rev.  A.  Melville,  Church  of  Falkirk,  co.  Stir- 

Rev.  F.  E.  Paget,  Elford  R.  co.  Stafford. 
Rev.  S.  D.  Peshal,  Oldberrow  R.  co.  Wore. 
Rev.  F.  F.  Pinder,  Gosworth  R.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  A.  C.  Reeve,  Higham  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  W\  H.  Turner.  Trent  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  E.  B.  Were,  Chipping-Norton  V.  co.  Oxf. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Lee,  Chapl.  to  the  Duke  of  North- 


BIRTHS. 

Aug.  12.   At  Hesse  Hombcrg,  the  lady  of 

Lt.-Col.SirChas.  Dance,  ason.  13.  At.  Man- 

heim,  Lady  Sinclair,  a  son.  19.  At  Freck- 

eiiham  Rectory,  of  a  posthumous  dau.  the 

wife  of  the  late  Rev.  S.  Tilbrook,  D.D.  21. 

At  Errol-park,  Perthshire,  the  Ladv  Henrietta 

Allen,  a  son.  22.  At  Milford,  Hants,  the 

wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  E.  Byam,  a  son.  At 

Cheltenham,  the  wife  of  Capt.  John  Mac  Ik>u- 

gall,  R.N.  a  son.  28.  At  Aldwick,  near  Bog- 

nor.the  Hon.  Mrs.  Osborne,  a  son.  29.  The 

Lady  Charlotte  Guest,  a  son  and  heir.  31. 

At  Singleton,  near  Swansea,  the  wife  of  J.  H. 

Vivian,  esq.  M.P.  a  son.  At  Pimlico  Lodge, 

Mrs.  Elliott,  a  son. 

Sept.  I.    At  West  Lodge,  Dorset,  the  wife  of 

Lieut.-Col.   Ferrars  Lor  t  us,  a  dau.  3.  At 

Thornham,  Suffolk,  the  lady  of  Sir  Augustus  B. 

Henniker,  Bart,  a  son.  4.  At  Glynllifon,  the 

lady  of  the  Right  Hon  Lord  Newborough,  a 

dau.  and  heiress.  6.  The  wife  of  the  Rev. 

G.  Palmer,  Rector  of  Sullington,  Sussex,  a  son. 

 12.  At  Ctixton,  Kent,  the  wife  of  the  Rer. 

R,  W.  Shaw,  a  dau.  16.  In  Saville-row,  the 

wife  of  Dr.  Bright,  a  dan.  At  Bisham  Cot- 
tage, Berks,  Laxly  Hinrich,  a  dau.  In  Con- 
naught-place,  Ijuly  Boyle,  a  son.  1".  In 

Cumberland-terrace,  Kegent's-park,  the  wife 

of  T.  Hankey,  esq.  a  son.  19.  At  Salisbury, 

the  wife  of  Dr.  Grove,  a  flau.  20.  At  Chick- 
sands  Priory,  Bedfordshire,  the  wife  of  Capt. 
E.  Bulkeley,  a  dau. 

3  I 


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42C* 


Marriages. 


[Oct. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  28.  At  Berne,  the  Rev.  Chan.  Lushing- 
ton,  son  of  Sir  H.  Lushington,  Wart,  to  Susan 
Hose,  dau.  of  Capt.  J.  Twecdale,  late  of  the 
Hon.  K.I.C. 

Aug.  15.  In  London,  G.  Hougham  Skelton, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Major-Gen.  Skelton,  to 
Eleanor  Sarah,  second  ilau.  of  T.  Gresham, 

c«q.  of  Barnby-Pon,  Yorkshire.  17.  At  St. 

Mary's,  Paddington,  H.  Biekersteth,esq.  to  the 
lady  Jane  Eliz.  Harlev, eldest  dau.of  the  Earl  of 
Oxford  and  Mortimer. — -18.  At  Marylehone 
Church,  Sir  Walter  G.  Stirling,  Hart,  of  Fas- 
kine,  to  the  Hon.  Caroline  Frances  Byng, 
youngest  dau.  of  Lieut. -Gen.  I>ord  Strallord. 

 At  Finchley,  Middlesex,  the  llev.  H.  L. 

Yentris,  to  Ann,  youngest  dau.  of  J.  Newman, 
esq.  of  Soho-sq.  20.  At  Clifton,  T.  C.  Mor- 
ris, of  Carmarthen,  hanker,  to  Mary,  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  T.  S.  Smyth,  Yicarof  St.  Austell,  Corn- 
wall. At  All  Souls,  Langham-pl.  the  Rev. 

E.  Evans,  vicar  of  Llangranng,  Cardiganshire, 

to  Miss  Webb,  of  Carmarthen.  At  Drox- 

ford,  Alex.  Beattie,  esq.  of  Calcutta,  to  Mary- 
Ann  Eliz  ■ 
Yice-Adm 
At  Bal 
Durham 

esq.  of  Baldock.  25.  At  St.  Mary's  Church, 

Marylebone,  the  Hon.  Capt.  Beat,  R.N.  son  of 
Lord  Wynford,  to  the  Hon.  Marianne,  only 

dau.  of  Lord  Kenyon.  At  St.  James's,  Sir 

Minto  Townshend  Farquhar,  Bart,  to  Erica 
Cath.  Mackay,  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord 

Keay.  At  Grantham,  H.  Greene,  esq.  of 

Higham  Ferrers,  to  Charlotte,  dau.  of  the  late 

Rev.  G.  Wareup  Malim.  At  Binfleld,  Berks 

the  Rev.  YV.  Parr  I'hillips,  Rector  of  Woodford, 
Essex,  to  Caroline,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 

Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  F.  W  ilder.  At  Witham,  the 

Rev.  W.  Manbey,  to  Theresa,  Matilda,  dau.  of 

the  Rev.  J.  Newman,  Essex.  20.  At  Carphen 

House,  Fife,  Jas.  Whitefoord,  esq.  son  of  Sir 
John  W  hitefoord,  to  I-oui«a-Jane,  dau.  of  the 

late  Capt.  lmpett,  of  Ashford,  Kent.  At  All 

Souls,  J.  Matthews,  esq.  to  Emma,  dau.  of  the 

late  Col.  Marlton.  27.  At  Oxford,  T.  E. 

Bridges,  D.I).  President  of  Corpus  Christ i 
College,  to  Henrietta,  sole  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  R.  Bourne,  M.I). — -At  Brighton,  the 
Rev.  J.  Warren,  Rector  of  Gravely,  Hunts, 
to  Caroline  Eliz.  second  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut. - 

Col.  Warren,  3d  Guards.  At  St.  James's, 

Ernest  Amri'stua  Earl  of  Lisburne,  to  Marv, 
voungest  (tan.  of  the  late  Sir  Lawrence  Talk, 

Bart.  At    Mells,  co.   Somerset,  Francis 

Adams,  jun.  esq.  of  Clifton,  to  Maria,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  hVv.  J.  F.  Doveton.  At  Brom- 
ley Palace,  the  I  arl  of  Brecknock,  to  Harriet, 

eldest  dau.of  the  Bp. of  Rochester.  At  .^hot- 

te.-ham,  Xorf. T. Gladstone, esq.  M.I',  to  Louisa, 
second  dau.  of  It.  Fcllowes,  esq.  of  Shotte»ham 

Park.  At  Cheltenham,  the  Kev.  W.  Wood, 

rcctorof  Staplegrove,  Somerset,  to  Marv  Agnes 
Tnfnell  Barrett,  of  Batt's  House,  eldest  ilau. 

of  (apt.  Barrett.-  28.  At  Lcerdam,  in  Hol- 

land,  (;.  Arkeruiann,  esq.  of  the  Strand,  Lon- 
don, to  Jeannette,  only  child  of  James  Half- 
kins,  esq.  Chief  Magistrate  of  I  eerdam.— — 
21).  At  Kennington,  George  Eddie,  esq.  to 

Jannet,  youngest  dau.  of  Lieut. -Col.  Hill.  

31.  At  Great  Yarmouth,  J.  G.  Sejmour,  esq. 
of  Bishop's  Waltham.  banker,  to  Susanna, 

widow  of  the  late  Sam.  Palmer,  esq.  31.  At 

St.  Ann's,  Dublin,  G.  Movant,  es«(.  late  Gren. 
Guards,  fo  Lydia,  voungest  ilau.  of  the  late  L)r. 
Hemphill,  of  Castel,  co.  Tipperary. 

Lately.   At  St.  George  s,  Hanover-«q.  S. 
Arbouin,  esq.  to  Margaret,  dau.  of  the  late 

John  Abernethy,  esq.  At  Colnwick,  near 

ahugborough,  the  Hon.  C.  Murray,  second  son 


-J.  S. 


of  the  Earl  of  Mansfield,  to  the  Hon.  P 
Anson,  dau.  of  the  late  Vise.  Anson. — 
Mills,  esq.  of  Elmden  Hall,  Norfolk,  to 
eldest  dau. ;  and  Mr.  Astley,  of  Hill  Morton, 
Warwickshire,  and  brother  to  Sir  Jacob  A  stley, 
Bart,  to  Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Lady  Charlotte  Micklethwait,  and  nieces  to 

the  Earl  of  Stradbroke.  The  Hon.  C.  J. 

Canning,  son  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  G.  Can- 
ning, to  the  Hon.  Charlotte  Stoart,  dap.  of 
I/ird  Stuart  de  Rothesay.  At  Stoke 


land,  Cornwall,  the  Rev.  G.  Somerset,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Lord  Arthur  Somerset,  to  Phil- 
lida  Eltz.  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Wm.  Pratt  Cadi, 
Bart,  of  Whiteford  Houae. 

Fept.  I.  D.  Wakefield,  jun.  esq.  to  Angela, 
eldest  dau.  of  T.  Attwood,  esq.  M.P.  of  liar- 
borne,  Birmingham.  At  Culham,  Mayow 

Short,  esq.  Barrister-at-Iaw,  to  Mrs.  Phillips, 

of  Culham  House,  Oxfordshire.  AtCheven- 

ing,  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Sufhcld,  to  the  Hon. 

C.S.Gardner,  sister  to  Lord  Gardner.  At 

Oddington,  the  Rev.  Alex.  Cameron,  to  Char- 
lotte, eldest  dau.  of  the  Hon.  and  Very  Rev. 

the  Dean  of  Gloucester.  2.  At  Erthig,  co. 

Denbigh,  Charles,  eldest  son  of  Lieut. -Gen. 
Birch  Rey nardson,  of  Holywell,  Iam-olnshire, 
to  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Simon  Yorke, 
esq.  Rev.  J.  Blackburn, of  Attercliffe,  York- 
shire, to  Sophia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Clias.  Rivington,  esq.  At  Leyland,  Lancas- 
ter, F.  Sewallis  Gerard,  esq.  of  Aspul-honse, 
brother  of  Sir  J.  Gerard,  Bart,  to  Mary  Ann. 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  Wilkinson,  \'icar  of 

Kirk  Hallam.  co.  Derby.  3.  At  Blendworth, 

Spencer  Smith,  esq.  of  Portland-place,  to 
Frances  Anne,  2d  dau.  of  the  late  Adro.  Sir  11. 

Seymour,  Bart.  5.  At  Gorhambury,  the  seat 

of  the  Earl  of  Venilam,  the  Earl  of  Craven  to 
the  lady  Emily  Mary  Grimston,  second  dau. 

of  the  Earl  of  Yerulam.  5.  At  Evercreech, 

Somerset,  T.  Jones,  jun.  esq.  of  Stapleton,  co. 
Gloucester,  to  Margaret  Nugent,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  Hon.  James  Talbot,  of  Rvercreech-house. 

 8.  At  the  residence  of  the  Earl  of  l>urham, 

in  Cleveland  Row.  the  Hon.  J.  B.  Fonsonby, 
eldest  son  of  Ixirtl  Duncannon,  to  Lady  Fanny 
Iambton,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Durham. 

 At  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  H.  HefJil, 

esq.  of  Debenham,  Suffolk,  to  Cecilia  Jane, 
eldest  dau.  of  T.  Amyott,  esq.  of  James-street, 

Buckingham-gate.  At  Lavington,  Sussex, 

F.  H.Dickinson,  esq. of  Kingweston, Somerset, 
to  Caroline,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen. 

T.  Carey.  8.  The  Rev.  J.  Dixon  Frost,  of 

Hull,  to  Elix.  second  dau.  of  Dr.  Bodley.  

At  Enfield,  the  Rev.  W.  Ellis  Wall,  to  Fanny 

Eliza,  eldest  dau.  of  E.  Williams,  esq.  At 

Loughton,  Ks«ex,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  P.  A. 
Ii  hv,  to  Wilhelmina,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

David  Powell,  esq.  10.  At  Brixton,  the  Kev. 

C.  Jollands,  Rector  of  I  jttle  Mnnden,  Herts, 
to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  G.  Brettle,  esq.  of 

Rahizh-lodge.  14.  At  Greenwich,  Rich. 

Maxw  ell  Fox,  esq.  of  Fox  Hah,  co.  Longford, 
to  Susan  Amelia,  second  dau.  of  Adm.  Sir 
Wm.  Halstead.  K.C.B.  15.  At 


St.  Mary  lebone  Church,  Sir  John  Rennie,  of 
Whitehall-place,  to  Selina  Garth,  youneest  dau. 
of  the  late  C.  Garth  Colleton,  esq.  of  Haines 

Hill,  Berks.  At  T  hay  den  Garoon,  the  Rev. 

W.  Pratt,  esq.  of  Henley,  Norfolk,  to  Louisa, 
third  dau.  of  W.  C.  Marsh,  esq.  of  Parkshall, 

Essex.  At  Littlebrcdy  Dorset,  A.  H.  Dyke, 

esq.  second  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Dyke  Ack- 
land,  Bart,  to  Fanny,  ouly  dau.  of  R.  Wil- 
liams, esq.  of  Bridehead.  At  East  Stoke, 

Dorset,  the  Rev.  W.  Duller,  second  son 
of  Lieut. -Gen.  Buller,  to  Leonora  Sophia,  dau. 

of  the  late  J.  Bond.  esq.  of  Grange.  At 

Christ's  church,  St.  Marylebone,  W.  Limond 
Watson,  esq.  of  the  Priory,  Kilbum,  to  Ann, 
dau.  of  the  late  Major  C.  11.  Powell. 


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1835.] 


427 


OBITUAK  Y. 

Sir  J.  E.  Browne,  Bart,  ral  Sir  John  Laforey,  who  was  created  a 

Sept.  5.    At  his  residence  in  Holies-  Barorut  in  1789,  by  Eleanor,  daughter 

street,  Dublin,  in  bis  87th  year,  Sir  John-  of  Col.  Francis  Farley,   Koyal  Artil- 

Edmund  Browne,  of  Johnstown,  co.  Dub-  lery,  one  of  the  Council  of  Antigua, 

lin,  Bart.  His  great-grandfather  Louis  Laforey, 

This  gentleman  was  descended  from  a  esq.  was  descended  from  a  noble  family 

younger  branch  of  the  same  family  as  that  in  Poitou,  and  came  to  England  with 

of  Lord  Kilmaine  and  the  Marquess  of  King  William  the  Third. 

Sligo.    He  was  called  to  the  Bar  by  the  Sir  Francis  entered  the  Navy  early  in 

Hon.  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Feb.  5,  life.    In  1791,  having  arrived  to  the  rank 

1784;  but  practised  only  a  few  years;  the  of  Commander,  he  was  appointed  to  the 

latter  period  of  his  lite  being  completely  sloop  Fairy,  on  the  Leeward  Islands  sta- 

confined  to  Ireland.    He  was  created  a  tion,  where  he  continued  under  the  orders 

Baronet  of  Ireland,  Dec.  8,  1797.  of  his  father  until  the  spring  of  1793,  and 

Sir  John's  habits  of  life  were  singular,  "  was  then  despatched  to  England  with  an 

and  worthy  of  remark.     For  the  last  account  of  toe  capture  of  the  Island  of 

thirty  years  he  went  in  downright  oppo-  Tobago.    On  the  5th  June  1793,  four 

«rition  to  the  sun — going  to  bed  at  six,  days  after  bis  arrival,  he  was  promoted  to 

seven,  and  eight  in  the  morning,  and  Post  rank,  and  shortly  after  was  ap- 

rising  about  the  same  hours  in  the  even-  pointed  to  the  Carysfort,  of  34- guns.  On 

ing;  thus  turning  night  into  day.    The  the  29th  May  1794,  he  captured  the 

coldest  night  in  winter,  whilst  reading  or  Castor,  a  French  frigate  of  32  guns  and 

writing,  he  never  used  a  fire,  but  as  a  sub-  200  men,  1G  of  whom  were  slain,  and  9 

stitute  wrapped  his  feet  and  legs  in  blan-  wounded.    The  Carysfort  lost  but  1  man 

kets.    Thus  over  the  lamp  of  study  he  killed  and  6  wounded.    The  Castor  had 

consumed  his  midnight  hours,  till  the  formerly  been  a  British  ship,  captured  by 

busy  bum  of  men  announced  the  approach  the  French,  regularly  condemned,  and  re- 

of  day,  and  then  be  prepared  himself  for  commissioned  in  their  service;  yet  the 

rest.  Navy  Board  put  in  a  claim  for  her  to  be 

As  a  classical  scholar  and  linguist,  few  restored  to  the  British  service  on  payment 

equalled  Sir  J.  Browne.  His  oratory  was  of  salvage ;  but,  on  the  matter  coming 

powerful,  and  tiowed  in  the  utmost  bar-  before  the  Admiralty  Court,  Sir  James 

mony  of  language.    Sergeant  Ball,  a  cele-  Marriot,  the  Judge,  decided  she  was  a 

hrated  Irish  barrister,  once  declared  be  lawful  prize,  and  the  whole  value  was  de- 

"  never  beard   the  English  language  creed  to  the  captors 

spoken  in  such  purity  as  by  Sir  John  Capt.  Laforey  was  afterwards  appointed 

Brown."    He  was  twice  High-Sheriff  to  l'Aimabie,  of  32  guns ;  and  in  the 

for  the  county  Mayo,  and  stood  a  severe  summer  of  1795  conveyed  his  father  to 

and  expensive  contest  for  the  same  county,  Antigua,  Sir  John  Laforey  having  been 

but  was  unseated  on  petition.  re-appointed  to  the  chief  command  on 

Sir  John   married  Margaret,  second  the  Leeward  Islands  station.  Early  in  the 

daughter  of  Matthew  Lorinan,  of  Ardee,  following  year,  Capt.  Laforey  removed 

co.  Louth,  by  whom  he  had  issue  four  out  of  the  Beaulieu,  which  frigate  he  had 

sons  and  one  daughter :  1.  Sir  John  Ed-  commanded  but  a  short  time,  into  the 

round  de  Beauvoir,  who  assumed  that  Scipio  of  64  guns ;  in  which  ship  he  was 

name  only  on  his  marriage  with  Mary,  very  active,  in  conjunction  with  Commo- 

beiress  of  the  Rev.  Peter  de  Beauvoir,  dore  Parr,  and  Major- Gen.  Whyte,  in 

and  was  knighted  at  Dublin  in  March  the  capture  of  the  Dutch  settlements  of 

1827:  Lady  de  Beauvoir  died  Feb.  11,  Demerara,  Essequibo,  and  Berbice. 

1831 ;  2.  Montagu- Stepney ;  3.  Frede-  On  the  21st  April,  the  day  that  Deme- 

rick-Augustus  ;  4.  Charles -Manley ;  and  rare  surrendered,  Rear-Adm.  Christian 

5.  Caroline-Margaret,  married  to  William  arrived  to  relieve  Sir  John  Laforey,  who 

Ogle  Hunt,  esq.  of  Coombe  Wood,  immediately  sailed  for  home,  but  unfortu- 

Surrey.  nately  fell  a  victim  to  the  yellow  fever, 

  on  the  14th  June,  two  days  before  the 

Adm.  Sir  F.  Laforey,  Bt.  K.C.B.  ship  came  to  land.   His  body  was  pub- 

J*ne  17.  At  Brighton,  in  his  68th  licly  interred  at  Portsmouth, 

r.  Sir  Francis  Laforev,  Bart.  (1789),  In  1797  Sir  Francis  Laforey  was  ap- 

C.B.  Admiral  of  the  Blue.  pointed  to  the  Hydra,  and,  while  cruising 

He  was  born  at  Virginia  Dec.  31, 1767t  off  the  coast  of  Prance,  in  company  with 

•od  was  the  only  surviving  son  of  Adrai-  the  Vesuvius  bomb  and  Trial  cutter,  he, 


Digitized  by  Google 


428    Obituary.—  Adm.  SirF.  Laforey,  Bt.—U.-Gen.  Cookton.  [Oct; 


on  the. J st  of  May,  1798,  discovered  a 
French  frigate,  a  corvette,  and  a  cutter. 
After  a  long  chase,  the  former  was  brought 
to  action  by  the  Hydra,  who  succeeded  in 
drawing  her  on  snore  near  Havre,  and, 
with  the  boats  of  his  small  squadron,  de- 
stroyed ber.  She  proved  to  be  the  Con- 
fiantc,  of  36  guns,  and  a  crew  of  300 
men,  the  greater  part  of  whom  got  on 
shore.  The  corvette  contrived  to  escape, 
but  the  cutter  shared  the  fate  of  the 
frigate. 

After  serving  two  years,  1799  and 
1800,  on  the  Leeward  Islands  station,  in 
the  Hydra,  Sir  F.  Laforey  took  the  com- 
mand of  the  Powerful,  74,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Baltic,  and  afterwards  under 
the  order  of  Sir  C.  Pole,  in  Cadiz  Bay. 
Soon  after  the  renewal  of  the  war,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  ship  Spartiate,  of 
74  guns,  and  attached  to  the  fleet  under 
Lord  Nelson,  accompanying  him  to  the 
West  Indies,  in  search  of  the  French  and 
Spanish  fleet,  and  in  the  memorable  bat- 
tle of  Trafalgar  had  the  good  fortune  to 
be  engaged.  The  Spartiate  sustained  a 
loss  of  3  killed  and  20  wounded.  Sir 
F.  Laforey,  with  the  other  captains  of  the 
fleet,  received  a  gold  medal ;  and  at  the 
funeral  of  Lord  Nelson,  be  carried  the 
standard  in  the  first  barge  in  the  proces- 
sion from  Greenwich.  He  was  after- 
wards employed  in  the  Spartiate  in 
guarding  the  coast  of  Sicily ;  and  he  con- 
tinued in  the  Mediterranean  until  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral,  in 
1810.  He  was  then  nominated  Com- 
mander-in-Chief on  the  Barbadoes  sta- 
tion, with  his  flag  in  the  Dragon,  of  74 
guns,  where  he  remained  to  the  beginning 
of  1814.  On  the  increase  of  the  Order 
of  the  Bath,  in  1815,  Sir  F.  Laforey 
was  nominated  a  K.C.B.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Vice- Admiral  in 
1819,  and  to  that  of  Admiral  in  183a 

He  was  never  married,  and  has  left  no 
heir  to  the  baronetcy.  His  sister  was 
married  to  Capt.  A.  J.  P.  Molloy,  R.N. 


Lif.ut.-Ge.v.  Cookson. 

dug.  12.  At  Esber,  Surrey,  George 
Cookson,  esq.  a  Lieut.- General  in  the 
army,  and  Colonel  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 

He  was  bom  April  29,  1760,  at  Farn- 
borough,  Hants,  the  sixth  6on  of  Thomas 
Cookson,  esq.  a  Captain  in  the  Royal 
Navy,  who  died  Nov.  13,  1775,  who  was 
grandson  of  Win.  Cookson,  esq.  of  Well- 
ington, co.  Salop. 

Before  commencing  his  military  career, 
he  passed  some  years  with  his  father  in 
the  Navy;  but  being  appointed,  through 
Lord  North,  a  cadet  in  the  Royal  Mili- 
tary Academy  at  Woolwich,  he  joined 
that  establishment  in  1777,  and  in  August 


1778  obtained  a  commission  as  2nd  Lieut, 
in  the  Royal  Artillerv,  and  in  1780  a 
first  Lieutenancy.  He  was  three  time* 
on  duty  in  the  West  Indies ;  he  com- 
manded the  Artillery,  in  1785,  nine 
months  on  the  unhealthy  shores  of  Bla.ck 
River,  on  the  Spanish  Main  in  South* 
America,  until  the  Spanish  Government 
insisted  upon  thut  part  of  the  country 
being  evacuated  by  the  British.  He  was 
promoted  to  a  Captain-Lieutenancy  in 
Nov.  1792.  He  served  the  campaign  of 
1793  in  Flanders,  under  the  Duke  of 
York;  opened  the  first  British  battery 
against  the  besieged  city  of  Valenciennes, 
and  commanded  the  Artillery  in  the 
trenches,  at  the  successful  storming  of  the 
covered  way  and  horn-work,  under  Sir 
Ralph  Abercromby,  on  the  25th  July. 
In  October  following  he  was  appointed 
Second  Captain  to  a  troop  of  Horse 
Artillery. 

He  served  two  years  at  Gibraltar  du- 
ring the  Spanish  war  in  1797  and  1798. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Ma- 
jor in  the  army  1st  Jan.  1800;  in  May 
following,  he  embarked  in  command  of 
the  Artillery,  to  co-operate  with  the 
army  which  assembled  near  the  island  of 
Houat,  off  Bretagne,  under  Brig.- Gen. 
the  Hon.  T.  Maitland,  for  the  purpose 
of  attacking  Bellci&le.  After  remaining; 
there  three  months,  the  expedition  sailed 
for  Ferrol.  The  army  consisting  of  1 3,000 
and  16  pieces  of  artillery  were  landed  in 
Dominos  Bay,  four  miles  from  the  town, 
in  a  most  rapid  and  masterly  style,  under 
the  immediate  superintendence  of  Sir 
Edward  Pellew.  In  September  in  the 
same  year  he  joined  the  army  off  Gibral- 
tar, under  Lieut.- Gen.  Sir  Ralph  Aber- 
cromby; the  army  afterwards  proceeded  to 
Egypt.  On  the  8th  March  1801  (after 
having  teen  embarked  seven  months }, 
the  landing  in  the  Bay  of  Aboukir  was 
successfully  effected  ;  when  all  the  field- 
pieces  from  a  plan  of  his  own,  never  be- 
fore adopted,  were  landed  ready  for  ser- 
vice, and  in  consequence  brought  into 
action  as  soon,  if  not  before,  the  infantry : 
this  new  mode  of  landing  averted  conse- 
quences whieh  might  have  been  fatal  to 
the  expedition.  He  was  upwards  of  two 
years  in  Egypt ;  commanded  the  artillery 
at  the  sieges  of  Aboukir  and  Marabout, 
and  in  the  advanced  lines  before  Alexan- 
dria, and  was  particularly  mentioned  in 
Gen.  Sir  Eyre  Coote's  despatches  as 
having,  with  the  artillery  under  his  com- 
mand, bome  the  brunt  of  the  action  on 
the  22d  of  August.  On  29th  October 
he  was  appointed,  by  Major- Gen.  Lord 
Hutchinson,  Commandant  of  the  ancient 
Pharos  castle,  and  of  all  the  artillery  in 
Egypt.    In  Dec.  1801,  he  was  presented 


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1835.]      Obituary. — Lt.-Gen.  Cookson.—  Rear- Adm.  Bowen.  429 


with  a  gold  medal  from  the  Grand 
Seignior,  which  he  received  permission 
to  wear,  in  the  general  orders  of  the 
6th  Oct.  180a  In  Sept.  1802  he  was 
appointed  to  a  troop  of  horse  artillery; 
on  the  13th  March  following  he  left 
Egypt  with  the  army,  and  in  Aug.  1803 
arrived  in  England. 

On  the  12th  Sept.  in  the  same  year,  he 
was  promoted  to  a  Majority  in  the  Ar- 
tUlery;  and  the  20th  July  1804,  to  a 
Lieut.- Colonelcy.     In  Sept  following 
he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
artillery  in  the  Dublin  district;  and  in 
May  1805,  to  command  the  artillery  to 
proceed  with  the  army  upon  a  secret  ex- 
pedition, under  Gen.  Sir  E.  Coote ;  but, 
after  having  been  three  months  embarked 
at  Cork,  the  expedition  was  stopped, 
when  he  returned  to  the  command  of  the 
artillery  in  the  Dublin  district.  The 
Hth  Dec.  following,  he  was  called  upon, 
by  desire  of  Gen.  Lord  Cathcart,  to 
take  the  command  of  the  artillery  (102 
field  pieces  and  2000  men  and  drivers, 
King* s  German  Legion,  including  the  ar- 
tillery) in  Hanover,  with  the  army  under 
the  command  of  his  Lordship;  he  left 
Dublin  immediately,  and  on  the  27th  of 
the  same  month  arrived  at  Bremen :  the 
battle  of  Austerlitz  terminated  the  cam- 
paign, and  he  again  returned,  for  the  third 
time,  to  the  command  of  the  artillery  in 
the  Dublin  district.    In  June  1806,  be 
was  appointed  Lieut.- Col.  to  the  Brigade 
of  Royal  Horse  Artillery. 

In  May  1807,  he  was  again  called  from 
Ireland,  by  desire  of  Gen.  Lord  Cathcart, 
to  accompany  his  Lordship,  as  one  of 
the  field  officers  of  artillery  in  the  expe- 
dition to  Copenhagen ;  he  proceeded  with 
the  army  and  commanded  the  whole  of 
the  artillery  in  advance,  till  within  nine 
days  of  its  surrender,  when  he  commnnd- 
ed  all  the  batteries  upon  the  right  of  the 
British  lines. 

In  Oct.  1808,  he  embarked  in  com- 
mand of  the  artillery,  48  field  pieces,  and 
1,200  men,  to  be  landed  at  Corunna  with 
the  army  under  Gen.  Sir  David  Baird. 
The  29th  Dec.  following,  with  the  horse 
artillery,  he  supported  the  cavalry  on  the 
plains  of  Benevente,  when  the  French 
General  Lefebvre  and  several  of  the  Im- 
perial Guards  were  made  prisoners. 
After  the  retreat  of  the  army  under  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Sir  John  Moore  from  Velada  to 
Corunna,  this  officer,  on  the  13th  Jan. 
1809,  prepared  and  blew  up  the  two  great 
magazines,  three  miles  from  Corunna, 
containing  nearly  12,000  barrels  of  gun- 
powder. On  the  16th  (a  few  hours  be- 
fore the  French  force,  under  Marshal 
Soult,  made  its  attack  upon  Sir  John 
Moore's  array,)  the  horse  artillery  in  ad- 
vance under  his  command  were  relieved, 


and  the  whole  embarked  agreeably  to 

orders,  which  deprived  this  corps  of  par- 
ticipating in  the  defeat  of  the  enemy. 
He  returned  with  the  army  to  England 
the  21st  of  the  same  month,  and  in  April 
following  was  appointed  to  com  maud  the 
artillery  in  the  Sussex  district. 

In  July  1809  he  was  called  upon  to  pro- 
ceed with  the  army  in  the  expedition  to 
Walcberen:  he  commanded  all  the  artille- 
ry in  advance  on  the  island  of  South  Beve- 
land,  and  after  the  surrender  of  Flushing, 
he  returned  to  England,  and  resumed  the 
command  of  the  artillery  in  the  Sussex 
district,  which  be  held  till  the  1st  Aug. 
1814.  The  17th  March  1812,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  a  Colonelcy  in  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery. The  4th  June  1814,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Major-  General ; 
and  the  22d  July  1830,  to  that  of  Lieu- 
tenant-General. 

Lieut.- Gen.  Cookson  was  three  times 
married.  H  i  s  fi  rst  lad  y  was  A  n  n-  H  el  ena, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  Weir  of  Jamaica, 
born  in  1766,  married  in  1786,  and  died 
without  issue  in  1789;  his  second  was 
Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Parker,  esq.  of 
Hornsey  and  London,  banker,  born  1769, 
married  1791,  and  died  15th  April  1798, 
by  whom  he  bad  issue  three  children:  one 
son  and  a  daughter  died  young,  and 
George,  born  1793,  an  officer  in  the  3d 
regiment  of  Foot  Guards,  who  was  killed 
in  action  before  Almeida  in  Spain,  under 
the  Duke  (then  Marquis)  of  Wellington, 
on  the  5tb  May  1811.  By  his  last  lady, 
Margaret,  only  daughter  of  William  Rem- 
ington, esq.  to  whom  he  was  married  in 
1807,  and  who  survives  him,  he  has  left 
a  numerous  family. 

General  Cookson's  youngest  brother, 
Charles  Norria  Cookson,  u  Colonel  in 
the  artillery,  (whose  death  we  recorded 
in  our  volume  for  1830,  i.  476,)  was  born 
lGth  October  1762,  and  was  twice  mar- 
ried, "1st  to  Mary- Margaret,  2d  daughter 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Weir  of  Jamaica,  who 
was  born  in  1769,  and  died  in  1807, 
having  had  issue  five  sons  and  four 
daughters :  his  2d  lady  was  Mary,  daugb. 
ter  of  Joseph  Bussell,  esq.  of  Kenton,  co. 
Devon,  born  1776,  and  married  in  1810. 


Rear- A  dm.  Bowex. 

April  27.  At  Ilfracomb,  in  his  85th 
year,  James  Bowen,  esq.  a  retired  Rear- 
Admiral.  ' 

Mr.  Bowen  was  originally  brought  up 
in  the  merchant  service,  and  so  long  back 
as  1776  commanded  a  merchant  ship  trad- 
ing to  Africa,  Canada,  and  Jamaica. 
After  entering  the  Royal  Navy,  he  was, 
in  1781,  Master  of  the  Artois  frigate  in 
the  action  off  the  Doggerbank;  and  at 
the  request  of  Lord  Howe  he  afterwards 
became  Master  of  the  Queen  Charlotte, 


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430        Obituaby, — Rear -A dm.  Bowett. — C.  L.  Smith,  Esq.  QOct. 


and  served  in  that  rapacity  in  the  memor- 
able conflict  of  the  1st  of  June,  1794. 
On  the  signal  for  close  action  being  made, 
his  Lordship  directed  the  Queen  Char, 
lotte  to  be  laid  close  alongside  the  French 
Coramander-in-  Chief,  but  expressed  some 
doubts  of  his  ship  being  able  to  pass  be- 
tween  the  French  Commander  and  his 
consort.  44  Never  fear,  my  Lord,"  said 
Bo  wen,  "we'll  make  room  enough  by 
and  bye."  For  his  gallant  conduct  in 
this  battle  be  was  made  Lieutenant,  and 
served  as  First  Lieutenant  to  Lord  Brid- 
port  in  the  action  off  L*  Orient,  in  June 
1795.  He  was  posted  to  the  Glory  90, 
on  the  3d  of  Sept.  1795,  and  afterwards  to 
the  Thunderer  74,  and  acted  in  both 
ships  as  Flag  Captain  to  Adm.  Christian, 
whom  he  assisted  in  the  reduction  of 
several  of  the  West  India  islands.  When 
in  command  of  the  Argo  44,  off  Minorca, 
be  took  the  Santo  Ferean,  a  Spanish 
frigate  of  42  guns,  her  consort  escaping 
only  by  the  darkness  of  the  night. 

In  1901  he  received  apiece  of  plate, 
value  400  guineas  from  the  East  India 
Company,  for  convoying  the  China  fleet 
from  St.  Helena  to  England. 

Captain  Bo  wen  commanded  the  Dread- 
nought  98,  on  the  renewal  of  hostilities 
in  1803,  and  for  a  short  period  was  Flag 
Captain  to  Lord  St.  Vincent.  He  after- 
wards became  Commissioner  of  the 
Transport  service,  and  was  present  at 
the  embarkation  of  our  troops  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Corunna,  and  continued  till  the 
close  of  the  war  to  superintend  the  em- 
barkation and  transit  of  our  brave  troops 
on  the  various  expeditions,  and  also 
throughout  the  Peninsular  war. 

The  Hear- Admiral  had  three  brothers 
and  two  sons  in  the  service.  One  of  his 
brothers,  Captain  Richard  Bowen,  of  the 
Terpsichore  frigate  (a  very  distinguished 
officer,  who  had  after  gallant  actions  cap- 
tured one  French  and  two  Spanish  frigates 
a  short  time  before  his  death),  was  killed 
in  the  act  of  mounting  the  gates  of  the 
citadel,  at  the  attack  on  Teneriffe,  when 
Nelson  lost  his  arm ;  another  brother, 
Thomas,  died  of  fever  in  the  West 
Indies;  and  his  son,  Capt.  James  Bowen, 
died  in  the  Ea^t  Indies,  whilst  in  com- 
mand of  the  Phtenix  frigate.  His  only 
surviving  son  is  the  Rev.  John  St.  Vincent 
Bowen,  of  Ilfracombe.  He  has  also  left 
several  daughters. 


Charles  Loraine  Smith,  Esq. 
Aug.  23.    At  Enderby  Hall,  Leices- 
tershire, aged  84,  Charles  Loraine  Smith, 
esq. 

lie  was  the  second  son  of  Sir  Charles 
Loraine,  the  third  Baronet,  of  Kirke- 
Harle,  co.  Northumberland,  by  Doro- 
thy his  2d  wife,  daughter  of  Ralph  MyUott, 


esq.  of  Whitehall,  co.  Durham.   In  1762, 

when  a  child,  he  succeeded  his  great-uncle 
Richard  Smith,  esq.  in  the  manor  of 
Enderby  and  other  estates,  and  by  act  of 
Parliament  in  that  year  assumed  the  name 
of  Smith ;  and  in  1783  he  served  the  office 
of  Sheriff  of  Leicestershire. 

At  the  general  election  in  1784  be 
was  returned  to  Parliament  for  the 
borough  of  Leicester;  but  ha  only  sat 
during  one  Parliament,  and  retired  at  the 
dissolution  in  1790. 

In  all  the  various  relations  of  life,  Mr. 
Smith  was  u  rare  specimen  of  an  English 
country  gentleman.    His  favourite  theme 
was  to  bless  God  for  having  vouchsafed 
to  him  health  and  competence  during-  a 
life  protracted  beyond  the  usual  term 
allotted  to  man:  and  his  death  was  at- 
tended with  little  or  no  apparent  pain  ; 
be  died  in  his  arm-chair,  and  without  a 
struggle,  retaining  his  faculties  to  the  last. 
In  less  than  an  hour  before  his  departure* 
be  had  transacted  business  of  some  con- 
sequence with  a  friend,  giving  his  direc- 
tions with  extraordinary  accuracy. 

He  was  a  sincere  friend,  a  kind  and 
hospitable  neighbour,  affable  and  bounti- 
ful to  the  noor,  a  cheerful  companion, 
and  full  of  anecdote,  an  indulgent  and 
generous  master,  an  active  and  efficient 
magistrate,  and  lastly,  in  the  field  he  was 
equalled  by  few  and  surpassed  by  none. 
Thus  lived  and  died  this  fine  exemplar 
of  the  good  old  English  gentleman,  be- 
loved by  all  around  him,  and  lamented  by 
every  survivor. 

Mr.  Loraine  Smith  married  in  17  .  . 
Elizabeth-Anne,  daughter  of  William 
Skrine,  esq.  of  Britwell  House,  Bucks, 
by  whom  he  had  issue  Charles- Crayle, 
who  was  born  1782  and  died  in  1787,  in 
bis  6th  year;  and  Loraine  Smith,  born 
1784. 


George  Tennyson,  Esq. 

J*/y4.  At  Usselby-house,  Lincoln- 
shire, aged  85,  George  Tennyson,  esq. 
of  that  place,  and  Bayon's  Manor. 

This  gentleman  was  the  only  son  of 
Michael  Tennyson  of  Preston  in  Holder- 
ness,  co.  York,  by  Elizabeth,  the  5th  but 
only  child  that  left  issue,  of  George  Clay- 
ton of  Great  Grimsby,  co.  Lincoln,  and 
Dorothy,  one  of  the  daughters  and  co. 
heirs  of  Christopher  Hildeyard  of  Kel- 
stem,  co.  Lincoln,  which  Dorothy  died  in 
1781,  having  married  secondly  Ralph 
Tennyson,  esq. 

Through  this  marriage  with  Hildeyard, 
be  was  descended  from  the  ancient  family 
of  Deincourt  Baron  Deincourt,  and  be- 
came a  coheir  of  the  family  of  Leke,  Earls 
of  Scarsdale,  Barons  Deincourt  of  Sut- 
ton ;  in  commemoration  of  which  descent 
he  has,  by  bis  will,  directed  his  surviving 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1835.]      Obituary.— G.  Tennyson.  E$q.—M.  T.  Sadler,  Esq.  431 


son,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  Tennyson,  to 
assume  the  name  and  arms  of  D'Eyn- 
court.    (Seep.  313.) 

He  was  the  principal  projector  and 
subscriber  to  the  magnificent  dock  and 
navigation  of  Grimsby,  where  and  in  the 
neighbourhood  he  inherited  very  consider- 
able estates.    His  life  was  ever  useful  and 
beneficial  to  the  district  in  which  he  re- 
sided.  His  powerful  understanding,  sound 
judgment,  great  experience,  and  benevo- 
lent disposition,  were  at  all  times  actively 
engaged.     He  was  an  indulgent  and  libe- 
ral landlord ;  a  cautious,  just,  and  merci- 
ful magistrate ;  a  constant  friend ;  and, 
until  infirmity  prevented  his  joining  in 
society,  he  was  remarkable  for  genuine 
hospitality  void  of  ostentation. 

His  body  was  interred  in  the  family 
vault  in  Tealby  church,  the  funeral  being 
attended  by  the  magistrates,  clergy,  and 
gentlemen  of  the  neighbourhood,  by  his 
tenantry,  and  many  respectable  inhabit- 
ants of  Market  Rasen,  Grimsby,  Caistor, 
and  other  towns,  and  a  concourse  of 
at  least  two  thousand  persons.  Among 
the  mourners,  besides  his  son  and  family, 
were  his  grandson  William  Russell,  esq. 
the  late  M.  P.  for  co.  Durham,  the  Hon. 
Mr.  Hamilton  (eldest  son  of  Viscount 
Boyne),  and  his  lady  Mrs.  Hamilton, 
the  only  sister  of  Mr.  Russell. 

Mr.  Tennyson  married  in  1775,  Mary, 
daughter  of  John  Turner  of  Caistor,  and 
had  issue  two  sons  and  two  daughters: 
1.  the  Rev.  George  Tennyson,  LL.D. 
born  1778,  late  Vicar  of  Great  Grimsby, 
who  died  16  March  1831 ;  be  married  Aug. 
6. 1806,  Elizabeth  Fytch,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Stephen  Fytch,  of  Louth,  co.  Lin- 
coln.  2.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  Tenny- 
son, successively  M.  P.  for  Great  Grims- 
by, Bletchingley,  and  Stamford,  and  now 
for  Lambeth,  bom  1784,  who  has,  since 
his  father's  death,  as  above  noticed,  taken 
the  name  of  D  Eyncourt;  be  married 
Jan.  1,  1808,  Frances  Mary,  only  child  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Hutton,  of  Morton, 
co.  Lincoln, and bas  issue.  Mr.  Tennyson's 
elder  daughter,  Elizabeth,  was  married 
Jan.  23,  1798,  to  Matthew  Russell,  esq. 
then  Major  in  the  Durham  militia,  after- 
wards M.  P.  for  Saltash,  the  builder  of 
the  present  magnificent  castle  of  Brance- 
peth,co.  Durham,  who  died  7th  May  1822 ; 
Mary,  the  younger  daughter,  married  in 
1811  John  Bourne,  esq.  of  Dalby-house, 
co.  Lincoln. 


M.  T.  Sadler,  Esq. 

July  29.  At  New  Lodge,  near  Bel- 
fast, aged  55,  Michael  Thomas  Sadler, 
<*q  F.R.S. 

Mr.  Sadler  was  born  at  Snelstone,  a 
V1'lage  in  the  south  of  Derbyshire,  in 


January  1780.  His  mother's  family  were 
French  refugees  at  the  revocation  of  the 
edict  of  Nantes.  He  was  educated  prin- 
cipally at  Rome,  and  exhibited  extraor- 
dinary powers  of  mind  in  very  early  voutb* 
having  mastered  the  higher  branches  of 
mathematics  and  astronomy  by  the  time 
be  was  eleven  years  of  age.  His  father 
intended  him  for  one  of  the  learned  pro- 
fessions; but,  when  about  18  years  old, 
he  was  induced  to  join  his  brother  in 
business  at  Leeds,  where  be  continued 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  but  not 
to  the  exclusion  of  more  congenial  literary 
labours,  until  be  was  called  into  public 
life,  by  the  ministerial  proposal  of  the 
Catholic  Relief  Bill. 

On  a  vacancy  occurring  for  the  borough 
of  Newark  in  March  1829,  a  deputation 
of  the  electors  waited  upon  Mr.  Sadler, 
at  Leeds,  and  invited  him  to  become  a 
candidate.  He  immediately  complied, 
and  triumphantly  conducted  an  arduous 
contest,  though  opposed  by  Mr.  Serjeant 
Wilde,  one  of  the  most  able  and  energetic 
members  of  the  bar.  Mr.  Sadler  im- 
mediately distinguished  himself  by  a  very 
long  and  eloquent  speech  against  tbe  Ro- 
man Catholic  Claims,  delivered  in  tbe 
House  of  Commons  on  tbe  17th  of  the 
same  month  ;  and  during  the  continuance 
of  the  discussion  he  was  a  prominent 
champion  of  tbe  Protestant  cause. 

At  the  general  election  of  1830  he 
was  again  chosen  for  Newark,  and  in  1831 
for  Aldborough;  and  his  talents  and 
energies  were  equally  directed  against  the 
bill  for  the  reform  of  Parliament. 

At  the  election  of  1832,  his  late 
borough  being  disfranchised,  he  was  a 
candidate  for  the  new  borough  of  Leeds ; 
but,  though  highly  esteemed  by  a  large 
number  of  his  townsmen,  his  reputation 
as  an  anti-  Reformer  preponderated  against 
his  less  equivocal  merits,  and  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  poll  tbe  numbers  were, 

for    J.  Marshall,  esq  2012 

T.  B.  Macaulay,  esq.  . .  198* 

M.  T.  Sadler,  esq  1596 

Though,  in  fact,  actually  entertaining 
views  of  very  extensive  reform,  Mr. 
Sadler  had  conscientiously  opposed  him- 
self to  the  swell  of  vulgar  clamour ;  and 
because  he  had  refused  to  become  the 
pledged  partisan,  the  unbending  and  un- 
flinching '*  Reformer"— the  nick-name  of 
a  party,  his  social  and  practical  reforms 
were  either  misunderstood  or  disregarded 
by  tbe  advocates  of  "  the  Bill,  the  whole 
Bill,  and  nothing  but  the  Bill." 

By  the  confession  of  an  opponent, 
but  a  very  competent  judge,  Lord  Plun- 
kett,  Mr.  Sadler  was  tbe  most  accom- 
plished orator  heard  in  the  House  of 
Commons  by  the  present  generation. 


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432       Obituary. — M.  T.  Sadler,  Esq. — John  Wastie,  Esq.  [Oct. 


Rut  his  eloquence  may  be  forgotten  in 
the  memory  of  an  enthusiasm  of  benevo- 
lence almost  without  example.  As  Mr. 
Burke  said  of  Howard,  Air.  Sadler's 
philanthrophy  had  as  much  of  genius  as 
of  virtue.  It  was  a  love  of  his  fellow- 
creatures  upon  so  great  a  scale,'  that  none 
but  a  great  mind  could  have  conceived  it ; 
and  far  was  it  from  that  benevolence  which 
is  ever  suspended  in  abstraction  !  What- 
ever he  sought  for,  and  wished  for,  in 
behalf  of  the  whole  human  race,  he  no 
less  earnestly  and  vigilantly  conferred,  by 
manners  and  conduct,  upon  all  within  his 
sphere. 

His  exertions,  both  when  in  Parliament 
and  since,  for  a  relaxation  of  lubour  in 
factories,  were  great  and  indefatigable, 
and  the  Factory  Regulation  Bill  was  the 
result  of  his  endeavours. 

His  writings  attracted  as  much  atten- 
tion as  his  speeches,  particularly  his  two 
principal  works  :  *'  Ireland,  its  Evils,  and 
their  Remedies, "  and  his  *'  Law  of 
Population,"  in  two  volumes,  8vo;  in 
which  he  maintained  views  opposite  to 
those  of  Malthus. 

Mr.  Sadler's  disease  appears  to  have 
been  an  incurable  affection  of  the  heart, 
brought  on  by  severe  study  and  great 
anxiety.  They  who  anxiously  watched 
the  progress  of  his  decline,  cannot  doubt 
that  he  fell  a  sacrifice  to  the  exertions 
in  Parliament  with  which  he  burdened 
himself,  in  addition  to  the  enormous 
labour  and  anxiety  bestowed  upon  his 
great  works  upon  population  and  the 
factory  system.  He  was  accustomed  to 
verify  the  most  minute  and  apparently 
unimportant  fact  employed  in  toe  course 
of  his  arguments;  and  his  deep  regret 
during  his  illness  referred  to  the  incom- 
pleteness of  bis  work  on  population  ;  an 
incompleteness  that  lost  to  the  poor  the 
advantage  that  a  full  confirmation  of  his 
system  by  the  recent  censuses,  would 
have  conferred  on  them. 

Air.  Sadler  died  full  of  the  hope  of  a 
blessed  immortality,  in  perfect  reliance 
upon  the  merits  of  the  Redeemer.  He 
has  left  a  widow  with  seven  children, 
some  of  them  very  young.  His  body  was 
interred  in  Ballylesson  church-yard  on 
the  4th  of  August.  The  gentry  and  an 
immense  number  of  the  respectable  in- 
habitants of  Belfast  and  the  adjacent 
country,  evinced  their  respect  for  bis  me- 
mory by  accompanying  him  to  the  grave. 
An  impressive  sermon  was  preached  by 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Drew. 

On  the  13th  Aug.  a  numerous  and 
respectable  meeting  was  held  at  the  Court 
House,  Leeds,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
sidering the  best  mode  of  honouring  the 
memory  of  this  lamented  gentleman  ;  and 


the  subscription  amounts  to  a  considerable 
sum.  The  nature  of  the  testimonial  is 
left  for  future  decision;  and  must  ob- 
viously depend  upon  the  sum  raised. 


John  Wastie,  Esq. 

Aug.  13.  At  his  seat,  Great  Haseley 
House,  Oxfordshire,  aged  70,  John  Was- 
tie, esq.  D.  C.  L.  Recorder  of  Oxford. 

This  gentleman,  who  was  formerly 
known  as  John  Ingram  Lock  hart,  esq. 
M.  P.  for  the  city  of  Oxford,  was  edu- 
cated at  University  college,  and  was 
called  to  the  Bar,  by  the  Hon.  Societr 
of  Lincoln's  Inn,  June  14,  1790.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  distinguished  mem- 
ber of  the  Oxford  circuit;  being  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  his  profession  by  an 
extraordinary  patience  in  investigation, 
and  a  great  retentiveness  of  memory. 

He  offered  himself,  for  the  first  time, 
as  a  candidate  for  the  city  of  Oxford,  at 
the  General  Election  of  1802,  and  was 
unsuccessful ;  the  numbers  being,  for 

John  Atkyns  Wright,  esq.  . .  836 
Francis  Burton,  esq   812? 

John  Ingram  Lockbart,  esq. .  43* 
In  1806  he  was  again  a  candidate ;  the 
contest  was  very  severe,  the  majority 
against  Mr.  Lockhart  being  only  45. 
Air.  Lockbart  demanded  a  scrutiny,  which 
continued  for  a  considerable  time,  and 
terminated  without  decreasing  the  ma- 
jority.   That  Parliament  continued  only 
one  session,  and  Air.  Lockhart  was  re. 
turned  in  1807  without  opposition.  In 
1812  another  and  very  severe  contest 
took  place,  between  Air.  Lockhart,  Mr. 
Wright,  and  Mr.  Eden  (the  present  Lord 
Auckland ).     The  poll  continued  open 
for  ten  days,  and  during  the  whole  con- 
test it  was,  as  sportsmen  say,  neck  and 
neck.    Air.  Lockhart  and  Mr.  Wright 
were  the  successful  candidates.    In  1818 
Mr.  Lockhart  was  opposed  by  General 
St.  John,  or  rather  by  the  late  Duke  of 
Alnrlborough,  and  so  much  influence  was 
used  that  Air.  Lockhart  retired  from  the 
contest.    In  March  1820  Mr.  Lockhart 
again  offered  himself  as  a  candidate  with 
General    St.    John    and    Sir  Charles 
Wetherell ;  and  after  three  days'  contest, 
Mr.  Lockhart  and  Sir  Charles  were  de- 
clared duly  elected.    In  1826  the  candi- 
dates were  Air.  Lockhart,  Air.  Langs  ton, 
and  Air.  Hughes :  the  two  former  were 
elected.    In  Aug.  1830  be  was  defeated 
by  Mr.  Hughes. 

During  Air.  Lockbart's  political  career, 
his  great  legal  knowledge,  sterling  inde- 
pendence, and  sound  constitutional  prin- 
ciples, deservedly  secured  to  him  the  re- 
spect of  the  senate,  and  the  confidence  of 
his  constituents.  When  called  upon  to 
discharge  the  duties  of  Recorder  (first  as 


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1835.] 


Obituary.— Matthew  Lumsden,  Esq.  LL.D 


433 


Deputy  to  Sir  W.  E.  Taunton  in  1830), 
which  he  did  with  great  ability  and  im- 

f)artiality,  be  never  after  interfered  with 
ocal  politics  :  but  was  unceasing,  till  the 
last  month  of  his  life  I  when  his  strength 
rapidly  declined),  in  his  endeavours  to 
promote  the  individual  and  collective 
interests  of  his  fellow  citizens. 

He  was  Deputy  Grand  Master  of  the 
order  of  Freemasons  for  the  county  of 
Oxford  ;  and  for  some  time  Recorder  of 
Romsey.  The  latter  office  he  resigned 
in  the  month  of  October  last ;  and  he 
was  elected  Recorder  of  Oxford  on  the 
death  of  the  late  Sir  W.  E.  Taunton  in 
March  of  the  present  year. 

Mr.  Lock  hart  married,  Jan.  14>  1804s 
Alary.  G.  only  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Francis  Wastie,  esq.  of  Cowley  and 
Haselcy,  Oxon.  After  the  death  of  this 
lady,  Oct.  12,  1&31,  by  whom  he  left  no 
issue,  he  took  the  name  of  Wastie,  by  Act 
of  Parliament  (2  and  3  Will.  I V.  c.  42), 
to  enable  him  to  hold  the  estates  for  his 
life. 


Matthew  Lumsden,  Esq.  LL.D. 
March  31.  At  Tooting  Common,  Sur- 
rey, in  his  58th  year,  Matthew  Lumsden, 
Esq.  LL.  D.  late  Professor  of  Persian 
and  Arabic  in  the  College  of  Fort  Wil- 
liam, Calcutta. 

Mr.  Lumsden  entered  into  the  employ 
of  the  East  India  Company,  in  the  year 
1794.  His  official  station'  was  first  in 
the  Stationery  department:  but  be  ap- 
pears to  have  applied  himself  with  so 
much  success  to  the  study  of  the  Persian 
and  Arabic  languages  as  to  induce  the 
Governor- General,  on  the  12th  May  1803, 
to  place  him  on  the  establishment  of  the 
College  of  Fort  William  in  the  capacity 
of  an  assistant  to  Captain  Baillie,  then 
the  Professor  of  those  languages  in  that 
institution. 

In  the  following  year  Mr.  Lumsden 
was  highly  commended  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  Lis  progress  in  the  preparation 
of  a  Persian  Grammar;  a  work  which 
he  published  in  the  year  1805.  Advert- 
ing to  that  work,  Sir  George  Barlow,  in 
an  address  delivered  by  him  to  the  stu- 
dents of  the  College  at  their  periodical 
examination,  on  the  3d  of  March  1806, 
M  deemed  it  an  act  of  justice  to  the  in- 
dustry and  ability  of  Mr.  Matthew  Lums- 
den,'* then  the  first  assistant  to  the  Per- 
sian and  Arabic  Professor,  "  to  notice  in 
terms  of  peculiar  approbation,  the  Gram- 
mar of  the  Persian  Language,  which  had 
long  engaged  the  labours  of  that  gentle- 
man. The  acknowledged  defects,"  Sir 
George  added,  "  of  every  work  of  that 
description  now  extant,  have  rendered  the 
construction  of  an  accurate  grammar  of 
Gevt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


that  language  peculiarly  desirable.  Mr. 
Lumeden's  extensive  knowledge  of  Ara- 
bic and  Persian  has  enabled  him  to 
discover  the  true  principles  of  the  dialect 
of  Persia  as  it  at  present  exists  in  the 
condition  of  intimate  combination  with 
the  language  of  Arabia;  and  with  singu- 
lar judgment  and  discernment  Mr.  Lums- 
den has  adapted  the  construction  of  the 
Persian  language  to  the  principles  of 
general  Grammar. 

"  The  completion  of  this  valuable  work 
will  materially  facilitate  the  acquisition 
of  the  Persian  language,  will  constitute 
an  important  addition  to  the  existing 
stock  of  philological  knowledge,  and  will 
reflect  distinguished  credit  on  its  author, 
and  on  the  institution  which  has  en. 
couraged  and  promoted  him." 

In  1808  he  was  appointed  to  succeed 
Capt.  Baillie,  as  Persian  and  Arabic 
Professor,  still  continuing  to  perform  his 
duties  under  the  Stationery  Committee. 

In  1812,  the  Bengal  Government, 
having  then  under  their  consideration  the 
state  of  the  Calcutta  Madrissa,  or  Ma- 
homedan  College,  appointed  Dr.  Lums- 
den, with  Lieut.  A.  Galloway,  to  suggest 
such  reforms  as  they  might  deem  needful 
in  that  institution.  In  the  discharge  of 
this  duty,  they  fully  succeeded;  and  Dr. 
Lumsden  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the 
Madrissa,  with  instructions  to  superin- 
tend it,  and  the  various  translations 
from  English  works  into  the  Persian 
language,  which  were  then  in  progress  at 
the  Madrissa. 

He  published  a  new  edition  of  his 
Persian  Grammar  in  1810;  and  an  Ara- 
bic Grammar,  in  two  volumes  folio,  in 
1813. 

In  1814.  he  received  charge,  as  Super- 
intendent, of  the  Company's  press  at 
Calcutta,  which  he  retained  about  three 
years. 

In  1818,  he  undertook,  in  addition  to 
the  duties  of  his  professorships,  those  of 
Secretary  to  the  Stationery  Committee ; 
but  his  health  soon  exhibited  symptoms 
of  a  rapid  decline,  which  compelled  him 
to  quit  India.  Upon  this  occasion,  the 
Marquis  Hastings,  in  an  address  delivered 
by  him  at  the  College  examination  on 
the  19th  of  August,  1820,  expressed  him- 
self as  follows: 

"  I  much  fear  that  we  are  about  to  lose 
the  services  of  Dr.  Lumsden,  the  dis- 
tinguished Professor  in  the  Arabic  and 
Persian  languages,  and  one  of  the  chief 
ornaments  and  supports  of  the  College 
from  its  foundation.  He  has  quitted  us 
on  leave  of  absence,  and  probably  will 
not  resume  the  Professor's  chair,  his 
health  being  much  impaired  by  his  valu- 
able labours  in  the  institution ;  but  in  the 

3K 


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I 


434  Obituary.— Dr.  Lums 

hope  of  his  possible  return,  I  will  not 
now  anticipate  the  period  of  his  final  de- 
parture." 

Dr.  Lumsden  come  to  England  by  way 
of  Bombay,  through  Persia,  Georgia,  and 
Russia  j  and  his  departure  was  announced 
in  the  Indian  prints  as  the  loss  to  India 
of  "  one  of  the  greatest  orientalists  of  bis 
age,  to  whose  instruction  a  great  body  of 
the  Company's  servants,  who  were  then 
performing  the  most  important  services 
in  all  parts  of  India,  were  indebted  for 
that  knowledge  of  the  diplomatic  language 
of  India,  which  qualified  them  for  the 
discharge  of  their  official  duties.'*  His 
private  virtues  were  described  as  41  quite 
as  distinguishing,  although  not  so  con« 
spicuous,  as  his  professional  abilities." 

He  arrived  in  England  in  1820,  in  a 
state  of  health  somewhat  improved  by 
journeying  through  a  colder  climate. 

In  the  following  year  he  returned  to 
India,  and  was  again,  on  25th  January 
1822,  appointed  Professor  of  Arabic  and 
Persian  in  the  College  of  Fort  William  ; 
and  in  March  1822,  placed  over  the  Cal- 
cutta Madrissa.  These  appointments  he 
held  till  1825,  when  be  resigned  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Company,  and  arrived  in  Eng- 
land in  1826. 

Upon  his  final  retirement  from  the 
service  in  India,  the  Madrissa  Committee 
recorded  their  sense  of  his  merits  and 
services  in  strong  terms,  ascribing  the 
then  highly  flourishing  state  of  the  insti- 
tution solely  to  his  exertions  to  promote 
its  decided  prosperity. 

The  Records  of  the  Bengal  Govern- 
ment also  contain  testimonials  not  less 
decided,  to  the  value  of  his  services  to  the 
College  during  the  later  years  of  his  resi- 
dence in  India. 

After  his  return  to  this  country  he 
lived  in  retirement  till  the  period  of  his 
decease.  T.  F. 


Rev.  Thomas  M'Crie,  D.D. 

Aug  5.  At  bis  house  in  Salisbury- 
place,  Edinburgh,  aged  63,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  M'Crie,  D.D. 

Dr.  M'Crie  was  a  native  of  Dunse. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  and  studied  divinity 
under  Mr.  Arch.  Bruce,  minister  of  Whit- 
burn, the  theological  professor  in  connec 
tion  with  the  General  Associate  .'or  An- 
tiburger)  Synod.  Having  been  licensed 
as  a  preacher  by  that  body,  he  was  at  an 
early  period  of  life  ordained  minister  to  a 
congregation  in  Edinburgh,  in  which  he 
continued  to  labour  for  ten  years,  apply- 
ing with  great  assiduity  to  the  discharge 
of  his  professional  duties,  and  occasionally 
publishing  able  pamphlets  on  some  of  the 


len  .—Rev.  Dr.  M'Crie.  [Oct. 

gravest  and  most  difficult  subjects  of 
theological  inquiry. 

In  1806  he  separated  from  the  General 
Associate  Synod,  and  joined  Mr.  Bruce 
and  others  in  founding  what  was  called 
the  Constitutional  Associate  Presbytery. 
During  tbe  controversy  connected  with 
this  change,  Mr.  M'Crie  was  led  to  en- 
gage in  a  minute  and  patient  survey  of  tbe 
writings  of  the  Reformers,  and  the  result 
was  his  Life  of  John  Knox,  which  was 
published  in  1812.  This  masterly  work 
combined  the  highest  excellencies  of  which 
biography  is  capable,  and  placed  its  author 
in  the  first  rank  of  ecclesiastical  histo- 
nans. 

After  an  interval  of  seven  years,  it  was 
succeeded  by  tbe  Life  of  Andrew  Mel- 
ville, a  no  less  valuable  production,  though 
on  a  less  popular  subject.  It  illustrates 
fully  tbe  formation  of  the  Kirk  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  peculiarities  of  the  Presby- 
terian establishment 

Dr.  M'Crie  did  not  affect  the  splen- 
dour of  fancy  and  diction  which  belongs 
to  our  Historian  of  Rome,  nor  perhaps 
the  comprehensive  philosophy  of  Hume ; 
but  in  plain,  straightforward,  and  dis- 
criminating views  of  human  affairs  and 
characters,  he  has  been  surpassed  by  none. 
His  impartiality  and  candour,  and  his  un- 
affected desire  to  investigate  the  truth,  to 
whatever  conclusion  it  may  lead,  inspire 
a  confidence  in  his  narrative,  and  give  « 
peculiar  value  to  his  productions. 

Dr.  M'Crie  also  published  "  Memoirs 
of  Mr.  William  Veitch  and  George  Brys- 
son,"  1825;  "History  of  tbe  Progress  and 
Suppression  of  the  Reformation  in  Italy, 
in  the  sixteenth  century."  1827;  and  "a 
similar  History  of  the  Reformation  in 
Spain,  1829.  He  had  been  for  several 
years  engaged  on  a  Life  of  Calvin,  which 
will  probably  be  edited  by  his  son. 

His  theology  was  the  olden  theology  of 
Scotland,  and  bis  sermons  had  about  them 
an  air  of  the  antique  which  carried  tbe 
auditor,  accustomed  to  the  refinements 
of  modern  diction  and  philosophy,  back 
two  centuries,  and  placed  him  m  tbe  im- 
mediate presence  of  the  times  of  his  cove- 
nanted forefathers. 


Professor  Reuvenb. 

July  23.  On  board  the  Sir  Edward 
Banks  steam-packet,  on  bis  way  from 
England,  in  his  42d  year,  Professor 
Reuvens,  of  Leyden. 

He  published  in  1 830  "  Lettres  a  M.  Le- 
tronne  sur  les  Papyrus  Bilingucs  et  Grecs, 
et  sur  quelques  autres  Monumens  Greco- 
Egyptiens  du  Musee  d'Antiquites  de 
1*  University  de  Leide."  This  work  was 
criticised  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for 


Digitized  by  GoOQie 


1835.]  Obituary.— Professor  Reuvens.^  Rev.  Anthony  Hedley.  435 


June  183),  where  it  was  remarked  that 
*'by  a  happy  concentration  of  numerous 
scattered  rays,  scarcely  discernible  by  an 
ordinary  eye,  he  has  succeeded  in  throw- 
ing a  powerful  and  steady  light  on  several 
points  which  were  previously  involved  in 
mystery  and  darkness,  and  particularly  in 
detecting  the  real  source  of  those  theo- 
sophistical  extravagances  which,  ingrafted 
on  Christianity,  constituted  the  gnosti- 
.  cisra  of  the  first  ages  of  the  Church." 
The  Egyptian  museum  at  Leyden  is 
particularly  rich  in  papyri,  there  being 
no  fewer  than  147 ;  and  of  Graco- 
Egyptian  MSS.  it  has  perhaps  a  greater 
number  than  any  other  collection.  It 
was  formed  from  the  Anastasy  collec- 
tion, which  was  purchased  by  the  Nether- 
lands government  in  1828,  and  is  enriched 
with  the  collections  of  M.  del'Escluze, 
of  Bruges,  and  Signora  Cimba,  of  Leg- 
horn. 

Professor  Reuvens  contemplated  the 
publication  of  a  fac  simile  of  a  very  im- 
portant bilingual  MS.  in  the  Hieratic 
character,  with  Demotic  interlineations, 
which  is  described  in  his  work  above 
mentioned,  and  noticed  by  Mr.  Pettigrew 
in  his  History  of  Egyptian  Mummies. 

He  hud  visited  England  to  attend  the 
late  sale  of  Mr.  Salt's  Egyptian  collec- 
tions, and  succeeded  in  carrying  off  the 
finest  specimen  of  bieroglyphical  papyrus, 
at  the  great  price  of  160  guineas.  He 
was  attacked  with  apoplexy  on  board  the 
steam -boat,  and  died  the  day  after,  leaving 
a  widow  and  three  young  children. 

Rev.  Anthony  Hedlev. 

Feb.  17.  At  Chesterholme,  in  Nor- 
thumberland, aged  57,  the  Kev.  Anthony 
Hedley,  M  A. 

The  Hedleys  formed  one  of  the  old 
and  principal  clans  of  the  ancient  princi- 
pality of  Redesdale.  So  early  as  1340, 
William  de  Hadley  occurs  as  security  for 
the  ninths,  payable  by  the  Rector  of 
'EMesderi,'  which  is  the  name  of  the 
largest  of  the  three  parishes  in  that  dis- 
trict. Mr.  Hedley  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
Edward  Hedley  by  his  wife  Elizabeth 
Forster.and  was  born  at  Hope,  foot,  in  the 
little  valley  of  the  Ottar,  or  Davyshield, 
about  two  miles  north  of  Otterburn  in 
Redesdale.  His  grandfather  Anthony 
Hedley,  married  Mary,  grand-daughter 
of  Thomas  Brown,  a  younger  brother  of 
Lancelot  Brown  of  Ravenscleugh  in  the 
*ame  franchise,  which  Lancelot  was  grand- 
father of  Lancelot  Brown,  the  celebrated 
landscape  gardener,  better  knowu  by  the 
name  of  Capability  Brown.  His  mother 
was  an  heiress  of  the  Forsters,  another 
Redesdale  family,  from  whom  be  in- 


herited an  estate  upon  the  lovely  plain 
44  Where  Rede  upon  his  margin  sees 
Sweet  Woodburn's  cottages  and  trees 

Rokkby. 

and  where  with  the  warm-hearted  bene- 
volence with  which  his  character  was 
thoroughly  embued,  he  founded  a  school 
in  1817. 

Mr.  Hedley  received  the  rudiments  of 
his  education  at  Eelton  in  Northumber- 
land, and  afterwards  studied  at  Glasgow 
and  Edinburgh  ;  from  the  latter  of  which 
places  he  went  to  Longleatas  tutor  in  the 
family  of  the  Marquis  of  Bath  ;  and  there 
among  the  magnificent  scenery  designed 
by  his  relative,  the  4  Great  Magician,* 
Capability  Brown,  he  imbibed  a  passion 
for  landscape  gardening,  in  which  his  ar- 
dent and  romantic  mind  continued  to  in- 
dulge and  delight  to  the  latest  period  of 
his  life. 

On  his  marriage  with  Miss  Staveley  his 
first  wife,  he  left  Longleat,  and  became 
curate  of  St.  John  Lee,  near  Hexham ; 
to  the  perpetual  curacy  of  the  priory 
church  of  the  latter  place  he  was  presented 
by  the  late  Mrs.  Beaumont,  in  1809;  in 
which  year  his  wife  died,  leaving  an  only 
daughter,  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  1820, 
and  was  interred  near  her  mother  at 
St.  John  Lee. 

In  1811  here-married  to  Miss  Barrow, 
eldest  daughter  of  Robert  Barrow,  esq. 
of  Hexham,  by  whom,  and  who  survives 
him,  he  has  left  three  daughters — Mary, 
at  Rome  at  the  time  of  her  fathers  death, 
and  Alargaret-Jane  and  Elizabeth,  resid- 
ing with  their  mother  at  Chesterholme, 
and  all  unmarried. 

In  Oct.  1813  he  resigned  the  laborious 
cure  of  Hexham,  and  in  the  following 
year  accepted  the  curacy  of  Whelpington  ; 
but  after  residing  there  for  six  years,  the 
unquiet  monotony  of  a  country  village, 
its  distance  of  22  miles  from  a  post  town, 
and  other  exciting  causes,  determined  him 
to  remove  to  Newcastle,  where  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  till  the  beginning  of  the 
year  J  824-,  when  on  the  appointment  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Scot,  Rector  of  Whit- 
field, to  the  Archdeaconry  of  Australasia, 
he  took  the  curacy  of  Whitfield  till  the 
Archdeacon's  return  in  1831,  when  his 
new  residence  at  Chesterholme  was  ready 
to  receive  him,  till  some  promotion  should 
be  offered  him,  and  of  which  he  had  a 
promise  from  a  high  quarter  as  soon  as  a 
suitable  situation  was  vacant.  But  gene- 
rous minds  often  raise  hopes  which  they 
cannot  or  do  not  remember  to  fulfil,  and 
Mr.  H.  passed  out  of  life  unrewarded  by 
the  party  he  had  uniformly  and  zealously 
supported ;  while  his  memory  lies  em- 
balmed in  the  tears  of  his  friends,  and  is 
hallowed  by  voluntary  offerings  of  the  in- 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


436   Obituary.—  Rev,  Anthony  Hedlcy. — Rev.  M.  G.  Butcher,  [Oct. 


cense  of  esteem  from  all  good  men  with 
whom  he  was  acquainted. 

In  the  first  Suppl.  to  Gent.  Mag.  1833 
will  be  found  an  account  of  Chester- holme, 
its  lovely  scenery,  and  the  interesting  his- 
toric ground  with  which  it  is  surrounded. 
A  few  years  since  Mr.  Hedley's  ardent 
love  of  antiquarian  pursuits  induced  him  to 
purchase  the  estate  upon  which  is  situated 
the  remains  of  the  celebrated  Roman 
station,  known  in  English  authors  by  the 
name  of  The  Boxeers  and  Little  ('/testers, 
and  in  Latin  by  tlndohna,  the  Station  of 
the  Conors  Quarts  Gallorum  during  a 
long  portion  of  the  Roman  era  of  Britain. 
A  year  previous  to  bis  retiring  from  his 
professional  duties  as  curate  to  Mr.  Arch- 
deacon Scot  in  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Whitfield,  he  built,  on  a  beautiful  holm  or 
river-side  meadow,  opposite  to  the  hill  on 
which  the  station  stands,  the  sweetly  se- 
questered cottage  to  which  be  gave  the 
appropriate  name  of  Chester -holme and  in 
which  he  continued  to  reside  to  the  time 
of  his  rather  sudden  and  much  lamented 
death. 

In  the  pulpit  Mr.  H.  was  bold  and 
energetic;  in  his  parish  a  zealous  and 
diligent  pastor;  and  in  the  management 
of  parish  schools,  judicious  and  unwearied. 
While  he  resided  in  Newcastle,  he  was 
an  active  manager  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Savings  Banks,  the  Literary  and  Philo- 
sophical Society,  and  other  public  insti- 
tutions especially  of  the  Antiquarian 
Society.  Nearly  the  whole  of  his  house 
at  Cbesterholme  was  built  out  of  the 
loose  ruins  of  bis  station  of  Vindoiana ; 
and  in  his  researches  there  be  discovered 
numerous  inscribed  altars,  tablets,  and 
other  interesting  antiquities,  all  now  in 
the  Arcade  at  Cbesterholme. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  beau- 
tiful and  sequestered  churchyard  of  Bel- 
tingham,  near  an  ancient  cross,  and  ad- 
joining to  which  Mr.  Hodgson,  the  author 
of  the  History  of  Northumberland,  now 
in  course  of  publication,  in  some  recent 
researches  found  two  large  Roman  altars, 
which  be  placed  by  the  side  of  his  friend's 
grave ;  so  that  it  is  now  consecrated  by 
a  cross  at  its  foot,  and  an  interesting 
relic  of  Roman  piety  on  each  6ide  of  it. 

J.  H. 


Rev.  M.  G.  Butcher,  B.A. 

June  5.  At  Torquay,  where  he  had 
gone  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  the 
Rev.  Marcus  Grigson  Butcher,  B.A. 
Minister  of  Trinity-church,  Newingtcn 
Butts,  Surrey. 

He  was  a  native  of  Bungay,  Suffolk, 
son  of  Robert  Butcher,  esq.  of  that  town, 
and  graduated  at  Braze  nose  College,  Ox- 
ford. He  was  instituted  toTrinity-churcb, 


at  the  request  of  the  congregation.  For  a 
short  time  previous,  he  had  officiated  as 
Curate  of  St.  Mary's,  Newington. 

The  events  in  the  life  of  a  parochial 
clergyman  are  few  and  simple;  his  only 
sphere  of  action  is  his  parish.  If  Ins 
fame  is  sought,  it  is  not  to  be  found  in 
the  records  of  worldly  ambition ;  it  m  ay 
be  learnt  in  the  cottage  of  the  poor,  at 
the  side  of  the  bed  of  sickness. 

The  ministry  of  a  district  containing 
nearly  15,000  souls,  including  in  its  pre- 
cincts the  low  neighbourhood  of  Kent- 
street,  and  a  great  majority  of  the  poorer 
inhabitants  of  Newington,  afforded  a  tasic 
of  no  ordinary  magnitude  to  a  clergyman 
resolved  to  perform  the  duties  which  at 
his  ordination  he  had  so  solemnly  under- 
taken. To  one  who  felt  and  appreciated 
the  sacred  character  of  a  Christian  minis- 
ter, it  involved  a  serious  responsibility. 
The  subject  of  this  memoir  truly  felt  the 
situation  which  he  was  placed.  From 
the  commencement  of  his  ministry  be 
laboured  ardently  in  the  performance  of 
his  duties  ;  and,  supported  by  the  favour 
of  Him  who  alone  can  give  the  fruit  of 
all  earthly  toils,  blessing  with  success  the 
exertions  of  His  servants,  his  labours  were 
crowned  with  the  happiest  results.  He 
found  a  scanty  congregation  in  the  bouse 
of  God ;  he  left  the  sacred  edifice  fully 
and  respectably  attended;  and  what  to 
his  spirit  must  have  been  truly  gratifying*, 
he  witnessed  the  numerous  free  sittiiiKs 
occupied  every  sabbath  by  an  attentive 
congregation. 

But  it  was  not  in  the  pulpit  that  the 
character  of  Mr.  Butcher  shone  most 
conspicuous ;  beyond  the  walls  of  his  own 
church  he  was  seldom  heard.  To  bis 
own  congregation  bis  plain  and  unaffected 
discourses,  urging  with  truth  and  earnest- 
ness the  only  path  to  salvation  through 
faith  in  the  Redeemer,  and  enforcing  on 
all  occasions  the  practice  of  good  works, 
were  duly  appreciated  and  will  be  long 
remembered.  He  was  best  known,  how- 
ever, in  the  quiet  and  unostentatious 
labours  of  visiting  the  sick  and  the  indi- 
gent. Times  and  seasons  were  not  re- 
garded by  him;  he  was  ready  at  every 
call  to  bear  to  the  abode  even  of  pesti- 
lence the  comforts  of  religion.  The 
cholera,  which  raged  with  fearful  malig- 
nity in  the  confined  regions  of  his  dis- 
trict, the  abodes  often  of  vice  and  misery, 
calling  in  a  moment  the  hardened  profli- 
gate to  a  sudden  and  unexpected  account, 
deterred  not  the  faithful  minister  in  the 
exercise  of  his  duty,  flow  often  did  be 
speak  peace  to  the  troubled  conscience — 
how  often  did  be  point  out  the  way  of 
salvation  to  the  dying  profligate  who  but 
for  him  might  have  perished  in  bis  sins — 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.]        Obituary.—  Rev.  M.  G.  Butcher.— John  Nash,  Esq.  437 


how  often  did  he  bring  consolation  to  the 
most  trying  of  all  human  scenes  of  afflic- 
tion, the  death-bed — all  this  the  recipients 
of  his  charity,  and  the  companions  of  his 
good  works,  the  members  of  the  Visit- 
ing Society  attached  to  his  church,  and 
which  owed  to  him  its  establishment,  can 
loudly  testify  ! 

But  it  pleased  the  Disjwser  of  all 
events  to  call  him  uway  in  the  midst  of 
this  life  of  usefulness.  Into  His  ways 
no  mortal  eye  can  pierce  ! — He  may  have 
wished  by  this  sudden  and  early  removal 
to  impress  on  the  people  the  value  of  a 
good  minister:  He  had  Hi*  purpose  to 
work  when,  in  the  midst  of  a  life  of  utility, 
when  the  minister  might  look  to  reap  the 
fruit  of  bis  labours,  He  was  pleased  to 
remove  him,  and  to  give  him  his  final  re- 
ward. A  rapid  decline  undermined  bis 
constitution  ;  at  the  early  age  of  32  he 
was  called  from  earth  ;  yet,  while  strength 
remained,  be  failed  not  in  his  duties.  A 
few  months  before  his  decease,  after  a 
temporary  absence  from  the  scene  of  his 
ministry,  he  ascended  the  pulpit  for  the 
Ust  time  ;  his  congregation  were  forcibly 
impressed  with  the  valedictory  tone  of  bis 
discourse. 

On  Sunday  21st  June,  his  funeral  ser- 
mon was  preached  in  bis  own  church  by 
the  Rev.  William  Curling,  M  A.  one  of 
the  chaplains  of  St.  Saviour's,  South wark, 
who  for  two  years  and  a  half  bad  co- 
operated with  the  subject  of  this  memoir 
in  the  performance  of  his  arduous  duties. 
The  text  was  taken  from  Revelations, 
cbap.  jriv.  ver.  13.  The  church,  one  of 
the  largest  built  by  the  Commissioners, 
will  seat  above  two  thousand  persons:  ou 
this  occasion  every  seat  was  occupied. 

On  Wednesday,  17th  June,  the  congre- 
gation assembled  in  the  vestry,  R.  Mor- 
ton, esq.  churchwarden,  in  the  chair,  and 
immediately  entered  into  a  subscription  to 
raise  a  monument  to  their  revered  pastor. 
At  the  meeting  a  letter  was  read  from  the 
father  of  this  excellent  young  man,  offer- 
ing the  trustees  of  the  church  200/.  refer- 
ring the  application  to  the  judgment  and 
discretion  of  the  parish.  It  was  then  re- 
solved by  the  meeting,  on  behalf  of  the 
parishioners,  to  endeavour  to  make  this 
sum  the  foundation  of  a  charity  which 
should  perpetuate  the  name  of  the  Rev. 
Marcus  Butcher,  and  which  might  be  the 
means  of  promoting  the  objects  which, 
when  living,  were  the  dearest  to  his  heart 
— the  relief  of  indigence  and  suffering, 
and  the  encouragement  of  piety  and  reli- 
gion, fe.  I.  C. 


John  Nash,  Esq. 
May  13.    At  bis  seat,  East  Cowes 
castle,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  in  his  83d 


year,  John  Nash,  esq.  one  of  the  Archi- 
tects attached  to  the  Board  of  Works. 

Mr.  Nash  was  of  Welch  extraction, 
and  amassed  a  large  fortune  as  a  specu- 
lative builder.  He  was  the  architect  of 
several  important  buildings,  of  whieh  we 
may  name,  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  the 
church  of  All- Souls  in  Regent-street,  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Haggerston,  in  the 
parish  of  Shoreditcb,  and  the  new  Royal 
Palace  at  Pimlico.  His  gotbic  mansion 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight  was  an  early  pro- 
duction of  its  owner.  Of  his  own  elegant 
house  in  Regent-street,  a  description  and 
plates  will  be  found  in  Britton  and  Pugin's 
Public  Buildings  of  London.  In  his  de- 
signs for  the  houses  in  the  Regent's  Park 
and  Regent  Street,  Mr.  Nash  adopted 
the  idea  of  uniting  several  dwellings  into 
a  single  facade,  so  as  to  preserve  that  de- 
gree of  continuity  essential  to  architec- 
tural importance;  and,  however  open  to 
criticism  many  of  these  designs  may  be, 
when  considered  separately,  or  in  detail, 
he  produced  a  varied  succession  of  archi- 
tectural scenery,  the  aggregate  effect  of 
which  is  picturesque  and  imposing,— cer- 
tainly superior  to  that  of  any  other  portion 
of  the  metropolis.  York  Terrace,  Cum- 
berland Terrace,  Hanover  Terrace,  &c. 
in  the  Regent's  Park,  may  be  considered 
a  continuation  of  this  design,  and,  like  the 
street,  a  great  improvement  upon  the  pre. 
ceding  styles  of  domestic  architecture. 

We  copy  the  following  remarks  on  Air. 
Nash's  history  from  the  John  Hull  news- 
paper : — 

**  It  was  the  lot  of  Mr.  Nash  to  endure 
in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  much  per- 
secution. Certain  political  patriots,  de- 
sirous of  exhibiting  their  animosity  to- 
wards the  late  King,  availed  themselves 
of  the  opportunity  of  gratifying  their 
malicious  desire  to  injure  his  Majesty's 
memory,  by  attacking  as  the  spontaneous 
designs  and  acts  of  Mr.  Nash,  what  were 
in  fact  merely  fulfilments  of  Royal  com- 
mands. From  these,  and  other  attempts 
to  defame  and  injure  him,  Mr.  Nash, 
however,  successfully  defended  himself, 
without  furthering  the  objects  of  his 
persecutors  by  justifying  himself  at  the 
expense  of  his  kind  and  generous  Master; 
and  although  the  completion  of  his  last 
work,  the  Palace  at  Pimlico,  was  trans- 
ferred to  other  hands,  every  allegation 
made  against  the  stability  and  security  of 
that  building,  which  was  subjected  to  the 
severest  and  most  extraordinary  exami- 
nations by  other  architects,  was  found  to 
be  equally  groundless  with  those  made 
against  his  conduct  in  other  cases. 

*«  With  regard  to  Mr.  Nash's  profes- 
sional talents,  tastes  so  widely  vary  and 
so  essentially  differ,  that  it  is  hopeless  to 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


438        Obituary.— John  Nash,  Esq.—G.  S.  Newton,  Esq.  [Oct. 


expect  anything  like  unanimity  of  opinion 
upon  that  point ;  but  we  will  venture  to 
say,  that  no  man  that  ever  existed  in  this 
country,  ever  produced  such  vast  and 
splendid  improvements  in  that  part  of  the 
metropolis  which  was  submitted  to  his 
care,  as  Mr.  Nash  has  done.  Let  the 
reader  recollect  the  huddled  mass  of 
wretched  streets  and  houses  which  twenty 
years  ago  covered  the  *ite  of  Regent- 
street,  the  Quadrant,  and  Waterloo-place; 
let  the  reader  recollect  the  still  more 
wretched  courts  and  alleys,  dens  of  infamy 
and  haunts  of  thieves,  which  maze-like 
spread  themselves  from  Sr.  Martin's 
Church  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Covent- 
garden ;  let  him  now  look  upon  the 
ranges  of  buildings  and  the  handsome 
streets  which  occupy  their  places :  let 
him,  if  not  satisfied  with  these  proofs — 
not  only  of  taste  and  judgment,  but  of 
indefatigable  labour  and  mental  exertion, 
in  making  and  concluding  the  almost  in- 
numerable  arrangements  for  these  great 
and  beneficial  changes,  involving  as  they 
did  the  interests  of  hundreds  of  indi- 
viduals— let  the  reader,  we  say,  turn  his 
eyes  to  that  magnificent  adjunct  of  Lon- 
don, the  Regent's  Park,  now  one  of  the 
healthiest  and  gayest  of  the  public  walks 
and  drives,  a  creation  of  the  mind  of  Mr. 
Nash ;  look  at  the  manner  in  which  the 
interior  of  St.  James's  Park  was,  in  a 
few  months,  converted  from  a  swampy 
meadow  into  a  luxuriant  garden ;  and  then, 
let  the  reader  ask  himself  whether  the 
metropolis  is  or  is  not  indebted  to  the 
taste  and  genius  of  the  much  traduced 
object  of  this  notice? 

"  The  architectural  taste  of  Mr.  Nash 
has  often  been  questioned  as  to  the  ele- 
vations of  the  buildings  in  Regent-street. 
The  great  design  for  the  formation  of 
this  magnificent  street,  originated  with 
Mr.  Nash ;  hut  the  designs  for  the  par- 
ticular buildings  were  those  of  the  various 
architects  under  whose  special  directions 
they  were  built,  and  with  which  Mr. 
Nash's  only  concern  was  to  ascertain  that 
they  were  properly  constructed. 

"  Of  Mr.  Nash's  unbounded  love  and 
encouragement  of  art,  his  splendid  gallery 
and  its  ornaments,  are  of  themselves 
sufficient  proofs;  we  believe,  however, 
that  a  still  more  valuable  evidence  of  those 
feelings  is  to  be  found  in  his  munificent 
liberality  towards  artists,  who,  under 
various  circumstances,  needed  patronage 
and  support.  In  private  life  Air.  Nash 
was  a  warm  and  sincere  friend  ;  his  mind, 
active  and  comprehensive  as  it  was,  was 
singularly  natural  and  simple;  his  cou. 
ceptiou  was  quick  and  clear;  his  thoughts 
were  original,  and  his  conversation  was 
both  instructive  aud  pre-eminently  agree- 


able. He  was,  in  fact,  a  moat  extraor- 
dinary man ;  and  his  loss  to  those  who 
really  knew  and  appreciated  his  merits, 
his  worth,  and  his  various  estimable  quali- 
ties, will  be  long  and  deeply  felt." 

A  sale  of  Mr.  Nash's  Books,  Prints, 
and  Drawings  took  place  at  Mr.  Evans's, 
Pall  Mall,  July  15  and  four  following 
days.     The  catalogue  contained  many 
drawings  from  the  designs  of  Mr.  Nash, 
a  list  of  which  may  be  useful,  though 
many  of  them  were  never  executed. 
Mansion*:  Ravensworth  Castle;  ijfnui- 
bally,  in  Ireland,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Lismore ;  Rockingham,  in  Ireland,  the 
seat  of  Lord  Lorton ;  Air.  Weiford's, 
near  Shrewsbury;  Ingestre,  the  seat  of 
Lord  Talbot,  as  restored ;  Mr.  Staples'*, 
in  Ireland ;  Mr.  Richardson's,  at  Somer- 
set, Ireland;  Mr.  Agnew's,  in  Ireland; 
villa  for  the  Duke  of  Richmond;  Gen. 
St.  John's,  Bank  Farm ;  Helmingham 
Hall,  the  Earl  of  Dysart's,  in  Suffolk,  as 
proposed  to  be  altered;  Luscombe  Priory, 
Mr.  C.  Hoare's;  Mr.  Stewart's,  at  Kelly 
Morn,  Ireland ;  Druid's  Temple  at  Blaize 
Castle,   Mr.  Harford's;  various  designs 
executed  for  Mr.  C.  Townley  and  Mr. 
Johnesof  Hafod. — Market  placet  at  Aber- 
gavenny and  at  Stafford.  —  House t  the 
Quadrant;  Argyle  Rooms,  Regcnt'fi-str%; 
Carlton  Chambers,  Regent's-street ;  man- 
sions on  the  site  of  Carlton  Gardens.— 
Br'ulge  at  Stamford  Court ;  at  Shardaloes, 
for  Mr.  Drake;  for  Lord  Robt.  Spencer; 
for  Mr.  Johnes,  at  Hafod;  at  Albury;  for 
Miss  Jennings'  villa  in  Windsor  Park. — 
Fountain  proposed  opposite  Pimlico  Pa- 
lace.—Gate*.-  Mr.  Dodson's  at  Shrews- 
bury ;  at  Hampton  Court,  Radnorshire. — 
Churches.  Cathedral  of  St.  David's,  plan, 
elevations,  and  sections,   showing  the 
alterations  carried  into  effect  by  Mr. 
Nash.    Church  for  borough  of  Carmar- 
then, with  other  designs  for  Churches. 
Theatre,  New  Haymarket. — Design  for 
the  National  Gallery,  and  tor  alterations 
at  Charing  Cross. — Design  for  Fireworks 
in  St.  James's  Park,  during  the  jubilee. — 
Mausoleums,  for  Lord  Selkirk ;  six  diffe- 
rent elaborate  designs  to  commemorate 
the  battle  of  Waterloo.    A  bird's  eye 
view  of  the  Regent's  Park,  as  originally 
designed  by  Mr.  Nash,  with  many  varia- 
tions from  the  plan  carried  into  execution. 

G.  S.  Newton,  Esq.  R.A. 

Aug.  5.  At  Chelsea,  aged  40,  Gilbert 
Stuart  Newton,  esq.  R.  A. 

He  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  20th  September  1794,  and  was  the 
12th  and  youngest  son  of  the  Hon.  Henry 
Newton,  Collector  of  his  Majesty's  Ciw- 
toms  in  that  province.  On  his  first  ar- 
rival in  Europe,  some  fifteen  years  ago, 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]         Obituary.— G.  S.  Newton,  Esq —Mr.  Pope.  439 


he  visited  Italy,  and  on  his  return  to  this 
country  entered  himself  a  student  of  the 
Royal  Academy.  The  first  works  by 
which  he  became  extensively  known,  were 
bis  Forsaken  and  his  Lovers'  Quarrel, 
engraved  in  the  *  Literary  Souvenir'  of 
1826;  his  Prince  of  Spain's  Visit  toCata- 
lina,  engraved  for  the  same  work  in  1831, 
and  painted  for  the  Duke  of  Bedford  ; 
and  a  Scene  from  the  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field. 

Though  Newton  acquired  skill  both  in 
drawing  and  colour,  and  became  acquaint- 
ed with  the  fine  proportions  and  harmo- 
nious unities  of  the  antique,  he  was  more 
remarkable  for  delineations  in  which 
beau-ideal  drawing  bad  little  to  do,  but 
expression  everything,    ire  bad  less  in- 
clination for  the  stern  and  the  severe, 
than  for  the  soft,  the  gentle,  and  the  af- 
fecting.   His  favourite  model  for  imita- 
tion waa  Watteau.    He  contented  him- 
self with  painting  small  pictures ;  and  the 
subjects  which  he  embodied  were  either 
drawn  from  nature  around  him,  or  found 
in  the  pages  of  our  novelists  and  poets. 

The  chief  works  of  Newton  were 
painted  while  he  resided  in  Great  Marl- 
borough-street  :  he  occupied  the  first  tloor 
of  the  house  No.  41,  (next  door  to  his 
friend  Cbalon);  and  though  extremely 
neat,  nay,  fastidious  about  his  dress,  he 
whs  far  from  paying  the  same  attention  to 
bis  chambers,  for  his  compositions  were 
scattered  carelessly  around,  <be  finished 
and  unfinished  were  huddled  together, 
and  broken  models  and  bits  of  ribbon  and 
withered  flowers  abounded.    To  enume- 
rate all  his  pictures  would  be  difficult,  for 
they  are  scattered  over  England,  and  may 
be  found  in  the  most  select  collections  : 
many  are  in  his  native  America,  where 
it  is  to  be  hoped  their  simplicity  and  their 
beauty  will  not  be  unfelt.    To  name  a 
few  of  them,  will  be  sufficient  to  awaken 
pleasing  recollections :  1 .  Portia  and  Bas- 
sanio,  from  the  Merchant  of  Venice; 
2.  Lear  attended  by  Cordelia  and  the 
Physician;  3.  Lady  Mary  Fox;  4w  Abe- 
lard;  5  Jessica  and  Shylock;  6.  The 
Vicar  of  Wakefield  restoring  his  daughter 
to  her  mother;    7.  Sir  Walter  Scott. 
His  happiest  works  are  of  a  domestic  and 
poetic  kind ;  he  loved  to  seek  expression 
in  a  living  face,  and,  moulding  it  to  his 
will,  unite  it  to  a  fancy  all  bis  own  :  some 
of  his  single  figures,  particularly  females, 
are  equal  in  sentiment  and  colour  to  any- 
thing  in  modern  art.    They  are  stamped 
with  innocence  as  well  as  beauty.  He 
was  a  slow  workman,  and  accomplished 
all  by  long  study  and  repeated  touches. 
He  sometimes  received  nigh  prices  for 
his  works.    The  Duke  of  Bedford  gave 
him  500  guineas  for  the  •  Prince  of  Spain's 


Visit  to  Catalina,'  and  Lord  Lansdowne 
paid  him  500  guineas  for  bis  4  Macheath.' 

Mr.  Newton  was  tall  and  well  propor- 
tioned, and  somewhat  affected  in  his  man- 
ner ;  but  a  perfect  gentleman,  and  a  very 
respectable  scholar. 

About  three  years  ago  he  visited  Ame- 
rica, where  be  married  a  young  lady  of 
considerable  personal  attractions.  He 
was  elected  a  Royal  Academician  in  1834. 
Shortly  after  his  return  to  England  he 
exhibited  signs  of  uncqui vocal  insanity, 
which  increased  until  it  became  necessary 
to  send  him  from  home.  A  few  months 
ago  his  wife,  with  her  child,  quitted 
England  for  America,  leaving  her  un- 
happy husband,  with  an  almost  moral 
certainty  that  she  would  never  see  him 
again.  Four  days  before  his  decease  he 
recovered  the  exercise  of  his  reason, 
spoke  of  bis  approaching  end  with  calm- 
ness and  resignation,  and  exhausted  na- 
ture finally  sunk  into  the  sleep  of  death 
without  a  struggle  or  sigh.  His  remains 
were  interred  in  Wimbledon  churchyard 
on  the  13th  August,  followed  by  a  few  of 
his  most  intimate  friends. 


Mr.  Pope. 

March  12.  In  Store-street,  aged  72, 
Mr.  Alexander  Pope,  late  of  the  theatres 
royal,  Covent-garden  and  Dmry-lane. 

Mr.  Pope  was  a  native  of  Cork,  and 
first  trod  the  stage  in  the  theatre  of  that 
"  beautiful  city."  In  1784>  be  procured 
an  engagement  at  Covent-garden,  and 
made  his  debut  Jan.  8,  as  Oroonoko, 
which  character  he  repeated  for  several 
lights  with  considerable  applause.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Henderson  and  the 
secession  of  Mr.  Hoi  man,  Mr.  Pope  was 
for  a  few  seasons  the  principal  tragedian  ; 
but  on  the  return  of  Holnian  in  1799,  he 
went  to  Edinburgh,  where  he  became  a 
great  favourite.  After  a  short  absence, 
he  resumed  bis  situation  at  Covent-gar- 
den, which,  till  the  season  of  1801-2,  he 
retained  both  with  credit  to  himself  and 
with  advantage  to  the  theatre.  He  was 
then  suddenly  dismissed ;  but  was  im- 
mediately engaged  by  the  Drury-lane 
managers,  to  which  company  he  after- 
wards belonged  for  many  years.  He 
finally  retired,  without  a  fortune,  and  re- 
ceived an  annuity  of  80/.  from  the  Covent- 
garden  Theatrical  Fund. 

In  bis  prime  he  possessed  a  fine  manly 
figure,  and  a  powerful  and  melodious 
voice.  He  was  for  some  time  without  a 
rival  in  Othello ;  and  in  bin  latter  time 
be  was  one  of  the  most  perfect  represen- 
tations ever  seen  of  Henry  VIII.  He 
used  a  pencil  with  considerable  skilL 

In  178o  he  married  Miss  Young,  who 
died  in  1797;  afterwards  Miss  Campion, 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


410 


Obituary.— Clergy  Deceased. 


[Oct 


who  died  in  1803;  both  these  ladies  were 
eminent  actresses :  and  subsequently  he  en. 
tered  the  bands  of  matrimony  a  third  time. 

In  Mr.  Mathews's  collection  of  por- 
traits, now  possessed  by  the  Garrick  Club, 
there  are  three  portraits  of  Mr.  Pope, 
one  in  the  character  of  Henry  VIII.  by 
Sharpc ;  another  as  Hamlet,  by  Dupont ; 
and  a  third,  by  Stewart. 


ProAiiT.T  Le  Bbun. 

Lately.  At  Paris,  aged  83,  M.  Pi. 
gault  Le  Bran,  author  of  the  inimitable* 
history  of  «*  Jerome ; "  *'  Monsieur  Botte; M 
*«  Alon  Oncle  Thomas  ; "  *'  The  Barons 
de  Felsheim;"  «*Nousles  sommes  tous," 
and  a  score  of  other  unrivalled  novels. 

Pigault  Le   Brun  was  the  French 
Fielding ;  be  |>ossessed  the  same  humour, 
the  same  truth  to  nature,  the  same  graphic 
powers  of  description,  the  same  occasional 
coarseness,  and  a  far  greater  richness  of 
imagination.    In  his  delineations  of  low 
life — for  he  rarely  attempted  to  pourttay, 
except  in  ridiculing,  the  manners  of  the 
higher  classes — he  stands  unrivalled  and 
alone.    The  rigid  moralist  may,  perhaps, 
condemn  many  of  his  works,  and  prudery 
affect  to  blush  at  the  homeliness  of  many 
of  bis  expressions  and  characters;  but 
take  him  for  all  in  all,  the  good  roan's 
11  failings  leaned  to  virtue's  side."  His 
was  the  kindly  satire  and  the  laugh- 
inp  reproof  which  are  often  found  to  be 
more  effective  in  putting  vice  to  shame 
than  the  more  elaborate  and  more  bitter 
denunciations  of  natures  less  philanthro- 
pic.   In  all  the  novels  of  Le  Brun  we 
neither  find  a  complete  hero  nor  a  com- 
plete villain — nothing  either  above  or  be- 
low  the  standard  of  humanity.    He  was 
an  observer  too  exact  and  too  patient  ever 
to  destroy  the  charm  of  his  characters  by 
departing  in  the  least  from  the  reality  of 
nature.    It  is  now  sixty  years  since  Pi- 
gault began  to  write.    He  was  the  best 
novelist  of  the  day  during  the  Revolution, 
and  in  his  own  peculiar  department  the 
best  after  it.    Unmindful  of  the  warfare 
of  politics,  and  the  dethronement  of  kings, 
he  has  pursued  the  even  tenor  of  bis  way, 
r-courging  folly  wherever  it  was  to  be 
lound,  and  narrating,  in  simple  and  unuf- 
fected  language,  the  loves,  the  sorrows, 
and  the  frailties  of  the  poor.    His  Made, 
moisclle  Javotte,  in  the  amusing  "  History 
of  Jerome  the  Foundling,"  is,  notwith- 
standing all  her  errors,  a  creature  whom 
it  is  impossible  not  to  love — as  sweet  a 
creation  as  ever  was  pourtrayed  by  the 
imagination  of  a  poet.    Corporal  Brandt, 
in  the  44  Barons  de  Felsheim,"  is  in  nowise 
interior,  and  quite  as  good  in  his  way  as 
the  iuimitable  Caleb  Balderstoun  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott. 

13 


Clergy  Deceased. 

Aged  70,  the  Rev.  John  Wat  urn  Bra. 
don,  Rector  of  Christian  Mai  ford,  Wilts 
and  Farley  Chamberlain,  Hants,  Pre- 
centor and  a  Prebendary  of  Wells,  and 
Precentor  of  Brecon.  He  was  a  son  of 
the  late  Richard  Beadon,  D.D.  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells ;  was  formerly  a  Fel- 
low of  Jesus  college,  Cambridge,  where 
he  graduated  B.A.  1788,  M  A.  1791; 
was  collated  by  his  father  to  the  prebend 
of  Litton  in  the  church  of  Wells  in  1805, 
to  the  Precentorship  of  Wells  in  1812, 
and  to  the  rectory  of  Christian  Malford 
1815 ;  and  presented  to  the  rectory  of 
Farley  Chamberlain,  Hants,  in  1813,  by 
Sir  H.  St.  John  Mildmay,  Bart-  He 
was  also  Precentor  of  Brecon,  and  Pre- 
bendary  of  Lhinfynydd. 

The  Rev.  William  Brotherhood,  Vicar 
of  Roth  well  with  Orton,  Northampton- 
shire. He  was  of  Magdalen  coll.  Camb. 
B.A.  1793,  and  was  instituted  to  his 
living  in  1828. 

Aged  70,  the  Rev.  Edward  Cage,  Rec- 
tor of  Eastling  and  Badlesmere,  sad 
Vicar  of  Newnham,  Kent.  He  was  of 
Eman.  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1786  as  12th 
Junior  Optime,  M.A.  1789;  was  pre- 
sented to  Newnbam  in  1813,  by  Miss 
Thorncroft  and  Mrs.  Hill,  to  Bad)**- 
mere  in  1818  by  Lord  Sondes,  and  to 
Eastling  in  the  same  year  by  the  late 
Karl  of  Winchelsea. 

The  Rev.  Robert  i*eke,  Perpetual  Cu- 
rate of  March  Chapel. 

The  Rev.  Connolly  (TXeW,  Rector  of 
Killorglin,  co.  Kerry. 

Aged  65,  the  Rev.  Thomas  ParWr, 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Rainow  and  Saltern- 
ford,  Cheshire,  and  teacher  of  writing 
and  mathematics  at  the  Free  Grammar 
School,  Macclesfield.  He  was  presented 
to  Rainow  in  1796,  and  to  Saltersford  in 
1815  ;  both  chapels  are  in  the  gift  of  the 
Vicar  of  Prestbury. 

At  the  rectory,  Tankley,  Yorkshire, 
the  Rev.  John  Sanderson,  M.A. 

The  Rev.  John  Tbrr.  Vicar  of  West 
Leigh,  Devonshire,  to  which  benefice  he 
was  presented  in  1803  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Exeter. 

Aged  69,  the  Ven.  John  U*sher,  D.D. 
Archdeacon  of  Raphoe. 

At  Barrow  upon  Soar,  Leicestershire, 
aged  41,  the  Hev.Charlet  William*,  LL.B. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Williams, 
esq.  Serjeant-at  law. 

Aug.  25.  At  Bridgford  hill,  Notts, 
aged  81,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Beanmvnt, 
M.A.  for  many  years  an  active  magistrate 
for  that  county.  He  was  of  Jesus  coll. 
Camb.  B  A.  1778. 

Aug.  30.  At  Oxford,  aged  39,  the 
Rev.  Charles  Wheeler,  M.A.  Chaplain 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


4  11 


of  Merton  College,  and  Perpetual  Curate 
of  Stratton  Audley,  in  that  county,  to 
which  he  was  presented  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Christ  church  in  1831.  He 
was  son-in-law  of  James  Naylor,  esq  of 
Cheltenham. 

Aug.  28.  At  Youlgrave,  Derbyshire, 
aged  67,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Pidcock,  Vicar 
of  that  parish,  and  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Elton.  He  was  of  Wadnam  coll.  Oxford, 
M.  A.  1793;  was  presented  to  Elton  in 
1611  by  the  Burgesses  of  that  place,  and 
to  Youlgrave  in  1812  by  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire. 

Sept.  2.  In  bis  75th  year,  the  Rev. 
Edward  Picton,  of  Iscoed,  near  Carmar- 
then ;  the  only  surviving  brother  of  the 
late  Genera]  Sir  Thomas  Picton.  He 
was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Great 
St.  Bride's  super  Ely,  with  Wick,  co. 
Glamorgan,  in  1798.  Distinguished  for 
the  excellence  of  his  private  and  public 
character — as  a  kind  husband  and  warm 
friend — as  an  indulgent  landlord  and  a 
humane  benefactor  to  the  poor — as  a  cler- 
gyman and  a  magistrate ;  his  loss  is  un- 
feignedly  deplored  by  bis  widow  and  rela- 
tives, and  the  very  extensive  circle  of 
friends  who  always  found  Iscoed  the 
abode  of  hospitality  and  kind  heartedness. 

Sept.  4.  At  Little  Chelsea,  aged  70, 
the  Rev.  Wihtum  Jones  Armstrong,  for- 
merly Rector  of  Termonfecken,  co. 
Louth.  Previously  to  his  collation  to 
that  benefice  by  the  late  Primate  Stuart, 
be  was  nearly  £0  years  a  constant  resident 
and  active  Magistrate  in  the  county  Ty- 
rone, and  on  more  than  one  occasion  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  the  Grand  Jury  for 
his  impartial  and  upright  conduct,  more 
particularly  during  the  troubled  period  of 

Sept.  12.  Aged  80,  the  Rev.  William 
George,  Vicar  of  North  Petherton,  So- 
merset, and  for  many  years  an  ucting  ma- 
gistrate for  that  county.  He  was  of 
Jeans  coll.  Oxford,  M  A.  1783,  and  was 
presented  to  North  Petherton  in  1801. 

At  Leamington,  aged  32,  the  Rev. 
Jovph  Green  Bound,  M.  A.  Rector  of 
Woodham  Mortimer,  Essex.  He  was 
of  Balliol  coll.  Oxford,  and  was  present- 
ed to  his  living  in  1822. 

Sept.  13.  At  Bath,  aged  88,  the  Rev. 
John  Boweti,  Rector  of  Bawdrip  near 
Bridgewater,  and  senior  Deputy  Lieu- 
tenant and  magistrate  for  the  county  of 
Somerset.  He  was  for  thirty-three  years 
officiating  minister  of  Margaret's  Chapel, 
Bath,  whence  he  retired  at  an  advanced 
age.  He  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of 
Bawdrip  in  1827. 

Sept.  16.  At  Chelsea,  aged  57,  the 
Rev.  Edmund  Staunton,  M.  A. 

Obmt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Jnlu  18.  At  Lambeth,  Ensign  Turner, 
h.  p.  1st  foot. 

July  27.  At  Poplar,  Thomas  Favell, 
esq.  Commander  K.N.  He  served  as 
Master's  Mate  of  the  Minorca  sloop,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  in  1809,  became  a 
Lieut.  1809,  and  Commander  1827.  He 
was  the  fifth  brother  who  has  died  in  hia 
Majesty's  service. 

Lately.  At  Woolwich,  Edward  Run- 
die,  esq  late  Capt.  4th  regiment. 

At  St.  Pancras,  Mr.  Francis  Kerby, 
assistant  to  Dr.  Lardner  and  Dr.  Ritchie 
at  the  London  University,  and  a  gentle- 
man very  conversant  with  Natural  Philo- 
sophy. He  was  formerly  a  dancing 
master  at  Gloucester. 

In  Lisle-st.  Leicester-square,  aged  54, 
Mr.  W.  Smith,  printseller. 

Aug.  4-.  In  Albemarle-st.  Mr.  Chas. 
Wild,  a  clever  and  well-known  architec- 
tural artist. 

Aug.  18.  In  Down-st.  Piccadilly,  aged 
20,  Miss  Sarah  Kay  Ashton. 

Aug.  19.  At  Circncester-place,  aged 
27,  Mr.  James  Mitchell,  Secretary  to  the 
Oriental  Translation  Committee,  and 
translator  of  the  Oriental  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum.  He  was  nephew  to 
Mr.  Mitchell,  of  Silver-street,  Leicester. 

Aug.  22.  At  Maida-vale,  aged  58,  J. 
North,  esq.  of  Great  Portland-  st. 

Aged  84>,  J.  F.  Garling,  esq.  of  High- 
bury-place. 

In  Woburn-squnre,  aged  43,  Evan  Jones 
Cruchley,  esq.  Lieut  H.N. 

In  Bedford-row,  in  his  50th  year, 
George  Thackrah  Lambert,  esq.  solicitor. 

Aug.  24.  Aged  75,  Mrs.  Sarah  Wright, 
of  Sloane-st  widow  of  Natb.  Wright,  esq. 

Aug.  25.  At  Ash  Cottage,  Old  Bramp- 
ton, aged  32,  the  Hon.  Frances  Stapieton, 
daughter  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Lord  Le 
Despenser. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  84,  the  widow  of 
G.  Mackay,  esq.  of  Bighouse,  N.  B. 

At  Pentonville,  aged  86,  Mr.  Evan  Wil- 
liams, upwards  of  40  vears  of  the  Strand, 
as  a  Cambrian  bookseller,  and  for  53  years 
a  roost  active  member  of  the  Welsh  Cha- 
rity School. 

Aug.  26.  Aged  87,  Robert  Slade,  esq. 
of  Doctors'  Commons,  and  of  Walcot-plu. 
Lambeth;  for  many  years  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Common  Council  for  the  Ward 
of  Castle  Baynard. 

Aug.  27.  In  Albany-st  Regent's -park, 
aged  73,  Mrs.  Cuthbert,  relict  nf  the  Rev. 
George  Cuthbert,  A.M.  Prebendary  and 
Sub. Dean  of  York. 

Aug.  28.     Aged  72,  Mr.  Chater,  of 
3L 


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44'J 


Obituary. 


the  respectable  firm  of  Grosvenor  and 
Chater,  stationers  of  Cornhill.  While 
giving  evidence  before  the  Lord  Mayor,  at 
the  M  ansion-housc,  in  favour  of  his  ser- 
vant, he  was  60  affected  that  he  burst  a 
blood  vessel  internally,  and  immediately 
dropped  into  the  arms  of  the  Marshal,  and 
expired. 

Aug.  30.  Aged  f>9.  Thomas  Nelson 
Pickering,  esq.  Chief  Clerk  and  Secretary 
to  the  East  London  Water  Works  Com- 
pany.  He  was  the  Solicitor  when  the  Act 
of  Parliament  was  obtained  by  which  the 
Company  was  established  in  1807,  and 
held  the  above  situation  from  that  time 
with  high  honour  and  integrity. 

Aug.  31.  In  Park  Crescent,  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Clementina  Countess  of  Airlieand 
Lintrathen.  She  was  the  only  child  of 
the  late  Gavin  Drummond,  esq.  was  mar- 
ried  Oct.  7,  1812,  and  has  lei t  a6on,  Lord 
Ogilvy,  and  four  daughters. 

Sept.  1.  In  Albemarlc-st.  aged  87, 
Catherine,  widow  of  Jonathan  Worrell, 
esq.  of  Juniper  Hall,  Mickleham. 

Sept.  2.  At  the  Brunswick  Hotel,  Jer- 
myn-st.  Alexander  Rogerson,  esq.  of  St. 
Petersburg. 

In  his  SOth  year.  John  Nesham,  esq.  of 
Spencer -place,  Brixton  -road. 

At  Dulwieh,  in  his  21st  year,  John 
William,  only  child  of  Charles  Han  ken, 
esq.  of  Gray's  Inn. 

Sept.  4..  *At  Deptford,  aged  85,  Arthur 
Putt,  esq. 

Sept.  C.  In  Conduit-st.  J.  Orange, 
esq.  of  Goodshill,  near  Tenterden. 

Sent.  7.  At  Clapham  Common,  aged 
83,  Marv,  the  wife  of  T.  Poynder,  esq. 

Sept.  II.  At  Sydenha  ni,  in  her  80th 
year,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Francis  Kemble, 
esq.  of  Clapham  Common. 

Sept.  12.  At  her  brother's  (the  Hon. 
Colonel  Townshcnd),  Charles-st.  Berk- 
ley-sq.  in  her  75th  year,  the  Hon.  Geor- 
giana  Townshend,  34?  years  housekeeper 
at  Windsor  Castle ;  aunt  to  Viscount  Syd- 
ney, the  Duke  of  Bocclcuch,  Viscountess 
Marsham,  the  late  Viscountess  Stopford, 
&c.  sister  to  Lady  Dynevor,  to  tbe  late 
Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  and  to  the  late 
Countess  of  Chatham. 

At  Bays  water,  aged  71,  Edward  Owen, 
esq.  late  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Wilcoxon 
and  Co.  Lombard -st. 

At  Fair-oak  Lodge,  aged  12,  Frederica- 
Georgiana- Augusta,  daughter  of  Rear- 
Adm.  the  Hon.  Sir  C.  Paget. 

Sept.  13.  At  Camberwell,  aged  72, 
Catherine,  relict  of  J.  Alcock,  of  Kings- 
wood,  esq. 

In  Upper  Brook -street,  aged  7  months, 
Mary,  inf.  dau.  of  Sir  J.  AI.  Burgoyne,  Bt. 

Sept.  14.  In  Tavistock. square,  A. 
M'Donnell,  esq.  formerly  of  Belfast. 


Sept.  17.  In  Harley-st.  aged  33,  Ro- 
bert Peter  Laurie,  esq. 

Sept.  19.  In  Abingdon-st.  aged  57, 
Edward  George  Walmisley,  esq.  Clerk  of 
the  Journals  of  tbe  House  of  Lords.  He 
was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Walmisley, 
esq.  many  years  Clerk  of  the  Papers  in 
the  House  of  Lords,  who  died  Jan.  17, 
1819. 

In  Ebury-street,  Pimlico,  aged  73,  Wm. 
Knapman,  esq.  one  of  his  Majesty's  De- 
puty Marshals. 


Beds  — Aug.  23.  At  Milton  Bryan, 
aged  77,  Mary,  widow  of  Sir  Hugh  Inglis, 
Bart,  and  step-mother  to  Sir  R.  H.  Inglis, 
Bart.  M.  P.  She  was  the  only  surviving 
dau.  and  heiress  of  George  Wilson,  esq. 
became  the  second  wife  of  Sir  Hugh  In- 
glis, May  8,  1 794,  and  wus  left  bis  widow 
Aug.  21*,  1820. 

Berks  Aug.  16.  At  Speenhamland, 

aged  70,  Joseph  Tanner,  esq. 

Aug.  23.  At  Ray  Lodge,  near  Maid- 
enhead, aged  51,  Isaac  Pocock,  esq.  a 
Deputy  Lieutenant,  and  Justice  of  tbe 
Peace  for  the  county. 

Sept.  10.  At  the  residence  of  Capt. 
Bremer,  C.B.  Compton,  aged  72,  Mrs. 
Blackiston,  widow  of  Dr.  T.  B.  Blaekis- 
ton. 

Bucks.—  Aug.  20.  At  Little  Missen- 
den,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Cleaver,  widow  of  the 
Bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  She  was  the  sister 
of  William  Asheton.  esq.  of  Lancashire, 
was  married  in  1779,  and  bad  a  large 
family.    The  Bishop  died  in  1815. 

Cheshire. — Sept.  7.  At  Chester, 
aged  86,  Mrs.  Anne  Glynne,  great-aunt 
to  Sir  S.R.  Glynne,  Bart,  and  aunt  to  Sir 
W.  E.  Welby,  Bart.  She  was  the  5th 
dau.  of  Sir  John  Glynne  the  6th  Bart,  by 
1  Joriora,  dau.  of  Henry,  son  and  heir  of 
Sir  John  Conway,  of  Boadrydden,  co. 
Flint,  Bart. 

Cornwall. — Aug.  17.  At  Bonython- 
house,  aged  73,  Jonathan  Passingbapi, 
esq.  of  Hendur,  Merionethshire,  and  oue 
of  the  Deputy  Lieutenants  of  Cornwall. 

Aug.  21.  Aged  49,  Lieut.-Col.  Loftus 
Grav,  Lieut.- Governor  of  Pendennis 
castle.  He  was  appointed  Ensign  1709, 
in  a  rifle  corps  1800,  Lieut.  95th  foot 
1803,  Captain  1807,  brevet  Major  1814, 
Ueuu-Col.  1830. 

Cumberland. — Sept.  2.  At  Ir thing- 
ton,  aged  41,  Ruth,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Topping,  Vicar. 

Devon. — Aug.  26.  At  Newport,  near 
Burnstaple,  aged  50,  Lieut.  John  Gibbs 
Bird,  R.N. 

Sept.  7.  At  Southmolton,  aged 
65,  Harriet  Prest wood,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Radford,  Rector  of  Lwpford 
and  Nymet  Rowland,  eldest  dau.  ofifie 


Digitized  by  Google 


1S35.] 


OllITUARY. 


dl3 


Rev.  John  Froude,  Vicar  of  Knowstone 
and  Moll  and. 

Sept.  13.  At  Alphington,  near  Exeter, 
aged  73,  George  Scott,  esq.  formerly  of 
Purley  Oaks,  Surrey. 

Dorset. — J'i/y  27.  At  Leweston,  in 
her  1 5th  year.  Jane,  onlydau.of  the  Rev. 
J.  Ward,  Rector  of  Conipton  Greenfield, 
Glouc. 

Ixitety.  At  Weymouth,  aped  3  years, 
Mr.  Eliot,  son  of  the  Archdeacon  of 
Burbadoes. 

At  Weymouth,  Major- Gen.  Martin 
Campbell  Cole.  He  wan  a  son  of  Capt. 
Cole,  R.N.  and  entered  the  Royal  Ma- 
rines as  Second  Lieut  1776,  became 
First  Lieut.  1778,  Captain  1793,  brevet 
Major  1802,  in  R  M.  1803,  Lieut.- Col. 
R.  M.  1816,  Colonel  in  the  army  1814-, 
and  Major- General  1821.  He  was  in 
constant  employment  during  the  war. 

Esskx.—  Aug.  28.  At  Levton,  aped 
44,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  R.  Barclay,  esq. 
of  London,  banker. 

Sept.  8  At  Ilford,  aged  57,  R.  Bag- 
ster,  esq.  formerly  of  Piccadilly. 

Gloucester. — Latch/.  At  Berkeley, 
Lieut.  A.  Robertson,  R.N. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  87,  Rd.  Harrison, 
esq.  Remembrancer  of  the  First  Fruits 
and  Tenths  of  the  Clergy. 

At  Brislington  House,  near  Bristol, 
aged  74-,  Edward  Long  Fox,  M.I). 

Sept.  2.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  72,  the 
Right  Hon.  Charlotte  dowager  Viscoun- 
tess Doneraile,  sister  to  the  Furl  of  Ban- 
don.  She  was  the  5th  dau.  of  James 
Bernard,  esq.  M.P.  for  co.  Cork,  by 
Esther,  youngest  dau.  of  Percy  Smyth, 
esq.  was  married  Sept  3,  1785,  to  Hayes 
2d  Viscount  Doneraile,  who  died  Nov. 
8,  1819,  having  had  issue  the  present 
V  iscount,  another  son  who  died  young, 
and  three  daughters. 

Hants. — July  17.  Aged  21  years, 
Cecilia- Barbara- Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of 
Major  Maughan,  of  the  Royal  Marines, 
Portsmouth  ;  and  on  the  19th,  aged  43, 
Mary  his  wife,  having  survived  her  dau. 
only  two  days. 

July  19.  At  Portsmouth,  Lieutenant 
Browne,  R.  E. 

An*.  26.  At  Southampton,  Captain 
William  Sargent,  R.N.  He  was  a  na- 
tive of  Durham,  and  commenced  his  nau- 
tical life  in  the  merchant  service.  He 
obtained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  in  1799, 
and  was  made  Commander  in  1813  In 
the  following  year  he  served  as  a  volunteer 
with  Capt.  Edmund  Palmer,  who  ac- 
knowledged having  derived  the  greatest 
assistance  from  his  professional  ability 
during  the  action  between  the  Hebrus 
and  I'Etoile,  which  ended  in  the  capture 
of  the  French  frigate  after  an  obstinate 


contest  of  two  hours  and  a  quarter.  In 
1810,  Captain  Sargent  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Algiers,  in  command  of  the 
Cordelia  brig,  of  ten  guns ;  and  he  sub- 
sequently commanded  the  Mutine  sloop, 
on  the  Irish  station.  His  promotion  to 
post  rank  took  place  Aug.  12.  1819. 

At  Andover,  aged  57,  Richard  Foot- 
ner,  esq.  many  years  an  active  magis- 
trate. 

Herts. — Aug.  19.  At  the  Bury,  He- 
mel  Hempstead,  aged  73,  H.  Grover,  esq. 

Sept.  6.  At  Childwiek  Hall,  St.  Al- 
ban's,  Belle- Agnes  Durant,  third  dau.  of 
George  Durant,  esq.  Tong  Castle,  Salop. 

HrsTs. — Aug.  27.  At  the  Priory,  Sr. 
Neofs,  aged  77,  Anne,  widow  of  Owsley 
Rowley,  Esq. 

Kent.— Sept.  1.  At  Tunbridge  Wells, 
aged  13,  Charlotte- Helen- Augusta,  2nd 
dau.  of  Sir  Augustus  Clifford. 

Sept.  6.  At  the  Falcon -hotel,  Graves- 
end,  Eliza,  wife  of  the  Hon.  Charles  Pe- 
tre,  of  Brentwood,  Essex.  Two  days 
before,  this  lady,  with  her  husband,  two 
children,  and  a  female  servant,  took  boat 
at  Tilbury  Fort,  to  be  put  on  board  a 
Margate  steamer;  when,  by  the  unskilful- 
ness  of  the  boatman,  the  boat  got  under 
the  wheel  of  the  steamer,  and  the  whole 
were  thrown  into  the  water,  and  narrowly 
escaped  from  drowning.  She  was  a  na- 
tural daughter  of  Chas.  Edw.  Howard, 
e>q.  brother  to  the  present  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk; and  was  married  May  31,  1822. 

Sept.  17.  At  Eltbam,  Charlotte- Hyde, 
third  dau  of  the  lute  llev.  Francis  Wol- 
laston,  of  Chisclhurst. 

Lancashire. — Juli/  18.  At  Rochdale, 
Lieut.  Cutler,  h.  p.  9th  foot. 

Leicestershire  — Aug.  12.  Aced  34-, 
Mary  Ann,  dau.  of  William  Middleton, 
esq.  banker,  of  Loughborough. 

Aug.  21.  At  Leicester,  aged  74-,  Ma- 
tilda, wife  of  Mr.  Alderman  Parsons, 
and  only  dau  of  the  lute  Wm.  King 
Cent,  of  Stoke  Guiding. 

Aug.  31 .  At  Great  Bowden,  aged  80, 
Henry  Shuttleworth,  esq. 

Lincolnshire — Ants.  23  At  Cold- 
hain  House,  near  Wisbech,  Penelope, 
wife  of  John  Marshall,  esq.  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Edw.  Orlcbar  Smith,  of  Apsley 
hall.  Beds. 

Middlesex.— Aug.  21.  At  Islr  worth, 
nged73,  Mr.  Michael  Keen,  the  celebrated 
strawberry  grower  and  market  gardener. 

Sept.  G.  At  Twickenham,  aged  71, 
Stephen  Thomas  Cole,  esq.  of  Stoke 
Lyne,  Oxon,  and  of  Twickenham. 

Norfolk. — Aug.  14.  At  Neeton-hall, 
aged  79,  William  Mason,  esq.  one  of  the 
oldest  magistrates  and  drputy  lieutenants 
of  the  commission  ;  a  favourite  scholar  of 
the  late  Dr.  Parr. 


Digitized  by  Google 


4  11 


Obituary. 


[Oct 


Northamptonshire — Aug.  26.  Aged 
56,  Charles  Rattray,  M.D.  of  Daventry. 

NORTHUMBERLAND.         At  NeWCRStle- 

upon-Tyne,  Mr.  It.  Goodlad,  paper- 
stamper.  He  was  a  native  of  Conisbro*, 
near  Doncaster,  where  he  has  left  pro- 
perty to  his  brother,  nephews,  and  nieces, 
all  in  bumlile  circumstances,  to  the  amount 
of  between  30,000  and  40,000/. 

Notts. — Aug.  31.  At  the  seat  of 
Henry  Martin,  esq.  Colston  Bassett, 
I  rit  h  Amelia,  only  surviving  daughter  of 
the  lite  F.  Edmunds,  of  Worsbrough, 
York,  esq. 

Salop — July  12.  At  his  son's  house 
in  Ludlow,  Capt.  John  Meyrick,  who  had 
been  an  officer  of  the  Shropshire  militia 
nearly  40  years,  and  more  than  30  years 
one  of  the  Adjutants  of  that  regiment. 

Aug.  22.  Francis  Hurt  Sitwell,  esq. 
of  Bucknull. 

Somerset. — Aug.  20.  At  Batb,  Anne 
Isabella,  aged  17,  dau.  of  F.  F.  Pinder, 
esq.  late  of  Barbadoes. 

Aug.  22.  At  Bath,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
George  Law,  esq.  of  Lincoln's- inn  and 
Montagu- place. 

At  Bath,  aged  83,  the  widow  of  Col. 
Francis. 

Aug.  23.  At  Bruton,  at  an  advanced 
age,  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Hus- 
band Messiter,  esq.  M.D.  and  late  of 
Twickenham. 

Aug.  24.  At  Nynehead  Court,  aged  37, 
Henrietta,  wife  of  Edward  Aysbford 
Sandford,  esq.  M.P.  for  West  Somerset. 
She  was  the  eldest  dau.  and  only  sur- 
viving child  of  Sir  William  Langham, 
the  8th  Bart,  of  Cottesbrooke,  co.  North- 
ampton, by  his  first  wife  Henrietta- Eliza- 
beth- Frederics,  sole  dau.  and  heiress  of 
the  Hon.  Charles  Vane,  great-uncle  to  the 
present  Duke  of  Cleveland;  and  was  mar- 
ried Nov.  3,  1817. 

Aug.  26.  At  Taunton,  Mrs.  Bridget 
Rickards,  3d  daughter  of  the  late  Peter 
Rickards,  esq.  of  Evenjobb  Court,  Rad- 
norshire. 

Sept.  1.  At  Bath,  aged  52,  Mary,  3d 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Thomas 
Crawley  Boevy,  Bart,  of  Flaxley  Abbey, 
Glouc  and  sifter  to  the  present  Sir  T. 
Crawley- Boevy,  Bart. 

Sept.  13.  At  his  residence  near  Bath, 
aged  75,  George  Bridges,  esq.  late  of 
Lawfords,  Essex. 

Sukrly. — Aug.  28.  At  East  Sheen, 
Nathaniel  William  Peach,  esq.  of  Savile- 
row,  London  ;  Ketteringham-ball,  Nor- 
folk ;  and  Hyde,  co.  Dorset. 

St-vt.t.  At  Upper  Tooting,  aged  62, 
G.  Ross,  esq.  of  Chapel-street,  Grosve- 
nor-place,  and  of  Lapworth,  Warwick- 
shire. 

Sept,  5.    At  Croydon,  aged  70,  W. 


Minier,  esq.  of  Oakfield-lodge,  and  of 
the  Royal  terrace,  Adelphi. 

Sept  7.  At  Carshalton,  aged  21,  Su- 
sanna Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph 
Estridge,  esq.  of  Carshalton- lodge. 

Sept.  12.  At  Ham  Common,  aged 
22,  J.  T.  Sutton,  esq.  only  son  of  the 
late  Admiral  Sir  John  Sutton,  K  C.  B. 

Sept.  13.  At  Putney,  aged  85,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Dearlove. 

Si  issi  \. -July i>.  At Tilgate  Lodge, aged 
66,  Sir  Edw.  Banks,  of  the  firm  of  Jolliffe 
and  Banks,  the  celebrated  contractors  for 
public  works.  He  rose  from  the  humblest 
grade  by  his  own  abilities,  and  owed  his 
fortune  principally  to  the  contracts  which 
he  took  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  JollifFe,  under 
the  superintendence  of  Rennie.  He  re- 
ceived the  honour  of  knighthood,  June 
12,  1822. 

Aug.  19.  At  Brighton,  aged  35,  Mari- 
anne, widow  of  the  Rev.  Sir  Christopher 
Musgrave,  Bart,  of  Edenhall,  Cumb. 
She  was  the  dau.  of  Edw.  Hasell,  esq. 
was  married  in  Sept.  1825,  and  left  ■ 
widow  May  11,  1834, 

iMtely.  At  Brighton,  Lieut. and  Riding- 
master  T.  W.  Lloyd,  4>th  dragoons. 

Sept.  1.  At  Hastings,  aged  65,  Frances 
Mary  Anne,  widow  of  Joseph  Hume, 
esq.  of  the  General  Post  Office. 

Sept.  10.  At  Brighton,  aged  47,  Wil- 
liam Stephen  Fuller,  esq.  a  Post  Captaia 
R.N.  and  a  Deputy  Lieut,  of  Sussex; 
brother  to  Sir  T.T.  Fuller- Eliott- Drake, 
Bart.  He  was  the  third  surviving  son  of 
the  late  John  Trayton  Fuller,  esq.  of  Ash- 
down  house,  Sussex,  by  his  second  wife 
the  Hon.  Anne  Eliott,  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  George- Augustus  Lord 
Heathfield,  K.B.  He  obtained  his  first 
commission  in  Nov.  1808;  was  made  a 
Commander  in  June  1815;  appointed  to 
the  Welles  ley  74  in  1827 ;  and  advanced 
to  post  rank  in  1828.  He  married  Miss 
Eliza  White,  of  Devonshire,  but  we  be- 
lieve bad  no  issue;  in  which  case  his 
younger  brother  Rose- Henry,  Capt  R.N. 
na9  become  heir  presumptive  to  the 
Baronetcy. 

Warwick. — July  17.  Aged  84,  John 
Huskisson,  esq.  of  Nuneaton  Fields. 

Aug.  20.  At  Birmingham,  Dr.  Ches- 
ter. About  a  month  before  he  sustained 
considerable  injury  in  the  head  by  a  fall 
from  his  gig,  the  effects  of  which  occa- 
sioned him  so  much  suffering,  as  fre- 
quently to  throw  him  into  a  state  of  ex- 
citement amounting  to  complete  abberra- 
tion  of  mind.  During  one  of  these  dis- 
tressing visitations  he  retired  to  his  study, 
and  shot  himself  through  the  head  with  a 
pocket  ]  istol. 

Aug  21.  At  Kirk  land,  aged  86,  Geo. 
Yates,  esq. 


y  Googl 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


415 


Aug.  25.  At  the  house  of  his  brother 
the  Rev.  Benjamin  Wintbropp,  of  Snit- 
terfield,  aged  29,  Stephen,  third  ion  of 
the  late  Stephen  John  Winthropp,  M.D. 

Lately.  Aged  53,  John  Musgrave 
Lamb,  esq.  of  Warwick. 

At  Highgate,  near  Birmingham,  aged 
83,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  William  Wallis 
Mason,  esq. 

Sept.  2.  At  the  house  of  her  son- 
in* law  Mr.  Young,  in  Leamington,  aged 
75,  Mary,  relist  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Cun- 
dall,  of  Kingston-upon- Thames. 

Sept.  3.  Wilson  Lloyd,  son  of  Sam. 
Lloyd,  esq.  banker,  of  Birmingham. 

Sept.  6.  At  Rugby,  in  her  70th  year, 
Anne,  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  R.  Bloxum, 
D.D.  only  surviving  sister  of  the  late  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence,  P.R.A. 

Sept.  II.  Aged  83,  James  Woolley, 
esq.  of  Summerfield  House,  near  Bir- 
mingham. 

Wilts  — Lately.  Aged  71,  Mr.  Fras. 
Child,  upwards  of  30  years  a  member  of 
the  Corporation  of  Calne. 

At  Rowde,  at  an  advanced  age,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Sutton,  aunt  of  Wadbam 
Locke,  esq.  M.P. 

Aug.  17.  At  Salisbury,  in  his  20th 
year,  Charles  John,  second  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  William  Sandford  Wapshare. 

Sept.  3.  At  Stourbead,  aged  85,  Mr. 
Davis,  who  has  held  the  situation  of  but- 
ler and  house-steward  to  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare, 
Bart,  for  a  period  of  more  than  50  years. 

Wobcesteb. — Lately.  At  Moreton 
court,  William  T  hack  well,  esq. 

Aug.  19.  At  the  Grove,  Worcester, 
aged  84,  John  Tymbs,esq. 

York. — Aug.  18.  Drowned  at  Hull, 
by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat,  Ensign  Tur- 
ton  Gore  Browne,  22d  regt.  son  of  Major 
T.  Gore  Browne,  Royal  Art 

Aug.  28.  At  Hcslington  West,  near 
Malton,  Miss  Dolly  Baldwin,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Dr.  Baldwin,  M.D.  of  Preston. 

Wales. — May  1.  At  Presteign,  Rad- 
norshire, Capt.  Higgins,  unattached. 

July  23.  At  Pen-y- Pound  House, 
Abergavenny,  aged  54s  Thomas  Davis, 
esq.  solicitor. 

Lately.  At  Cotbel,  Glamorganshire, 
the- wife  of  Adm.  Sir  C.  Tyler,  K.C.B. 

Aug.  20.  At  Robeston  Hall,  Pem- 
brokeshire, Maria,  the  beloved  wife  of 
W.  H.  Scourfield,  esq.  M.P.  for  the 
town  and  county  of  Haverfordwest. 

Sept.  2.  At  Aberystwith,  aged  55,  J. 
Birkett,  esq.  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
and  of  Holies-street,  Cavendish-square. 

Sept.  4.  At,  Swansea,  in  her  21st  year, 
Ebza,  wife  of  'Gilbert  F.  G ramie  Matbi- 
*on,  esq.  of  the  Royal  Mint. 

$?pr.r&  James  Gutbtrie,  esq.  of 
Uanelly. 


Scotland. — May  10.  At  Dumbarton 
Capt  G.  Hamill,  unattached. 

Aug.  2.  At  Portobello,  aged  57,  Capt 
Francis  II.  Ansell,  late  of  74-th  reg. 

Aug.  28.  At  Dingwall,  Rosshire, 
aged  28,  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  Provost  Robertson  of  that  place. 

Aug.  31.  At  Fasque,  Kincardine- 
shire, the  residence  of  his  brother,  R, 
Gladstone,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

Lately.  In  Burns-street,  Dumfries,  aged 
63,  Ann,  wife  of  Mr.  Robert  Burns,  re- 
tired officer  of  Somerset* house, and  eldest 
son  of  the  Bard.  Her  body  was  de- 
posited in  the  Burns  mausoleum. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  51,  Lieut  Joseph 
Fowler,  Military  Knight  of  Windsor, 
and  late  of  the  corps  of  Royal  Veterans. 

Sept.  12.  At  Park-house  near  Glas- 
gow, aged  78,  Root.  Walkinshaw,  esq.  of 
the  county  of  Renfrew. 

Iaeland. — March  28.  At  his  seat  near 
Athy,  Col.  Fitzgerald.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1794-5,  and  accompanied  Sir 
Ralph  Abercrombie  through  all  his  glo- 
rious victories,  during  which  he  honour- 
ably distinguished  himself,  and  procured 
the  high  promotion  be  enjoyed  up  to 
lh0!J,  when  he  retired  from  the  service. 

May  31.  At  Newbridge,  in  his  22d 
year,  the  Hon.  Joshua  Vanneck,  Lieut 
1st  dragoons,  eldest  son  of  Lord  Hun- 
tingfield. 

June  29.    At  Kinsale,  John  C.  Har- 
nett, esq.  late  of  27th  regt. 

July  5.    At  Moss -hill,  co.  Roscom- 
mon, Lieut.  Conroy,  b.  p.  4-th  regt. 

July  27.  At  Carrickfergus,  aged  75, 
Capt  Lenox  Thompson,  R.N.  He  was 
made  Lieut  1780,  Commander  1799,  and 
Post  Captain  1802. 

Aug.  11.     At  Ballynock -bouse,  co. 
Antrim,  Lieut  James  Stannus,  R.N. 

Aug.  13.  At  Tullamore  barrack ». 
King's  Co.,  Capt.  W.  S.  Rawson,  of  the 
82d  regiment  youngest  son  of  B.  Raw- 
son,  esq.  of  Nidd-hall,  Yorkshire. 

Aug.  17.  At  Passage  East,  co.  Water- 
ford,  aged  78,  Lt.  Da  v.  Richardson,  R.N. 

Aug.  25.  Patrick  Power,  esq.  of  Belle- 
vue,  co.  Waterford,  M.P.  for  that  coun- 
ty.   He  was  returned  to  Parliament  for 
the  first  time  at  the  last  election,  and  was  . 
in  his  politics  a  Reformer. 

Lately.  At  Youghal,  Capt  John  Man- 
ning Maillen,  late  99th  reg. 

Sept.  1.  At  Kingstown,  near  Dublin, 
whilst  on  a  visit  to  the  Rev.  W.  Digby, 
Anne,  widow  of  the  late  Matthew  Wvatt, 
esq.  formerly  of  the  Inner  Temple,  bar- 
rister-at-law,  and  many  years  resident 

Sol  ice  magistrate  of  the  Lambeth-street 
i  strict. 

Sept.  7.  At  Ballynoe,  co.  Limerick, 
the  seat  of  Wm.  Cox,  esq.  aged  57,  Ro- 


Digitized  by  Gooole 


446 


Obituary. 


[Oct. 


setta,  wife  of  the  late  John  Ormsby  Van- 
deleur,  esq.,  Lieut- Col.  5th  dragoon  gda. 

East  Indies  Feb.  14.    At  Kamptee, 

Major.  Gen.  Faris,  1st  Madras  cavalry. 

Lately.  At  Calcutta,  aged  38,  Joseph. 
Lawson,  5th  son  of  the  late  Rev.  C. 
Wbatley,  Rector  of  Aston  Ingham,  He- 
refordshire. 

Capt.  C.  J.  F.  Pottinger,  17th  Bom- 
bay N.  Inf.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Eldred 
Curwen  Pottinger,  esq.  Mount  Pottinger, 
Devonshire.  He  fell  in  a  desperate  action 
between  a  small  party  of  the  Rajcote  Force 
and  a  great  body  of  the  insurgents  of 
Goozerut . 

April  13.  At  Ahmedabad,  Major  T. 
D.  Morris,  of  the  Bombay  Army,  eldest 
son  of  Thomas  Morris,  esq.  Collector  of 
the  Customs,  Bristol. 

April  16.  At  Kullardgee,  Ensign  Ro- 
bert Hodson,  Bombay  Army,  aged  23 
years,  third  son  of  Col  Hodson,  and  grand- 
son of  SirW.W.  Doveton,  of  St.  Helena. 

West  Indies. — April  16.  At  Trini- 
dad, Lieut. -Col.  Henry  Hardy,  19th  regt. 

June  7.  At  Antigua,  Lieut.  C.  M. 
Burrows,  36tb  regt. 

June  30.  At  Jamaica,  the  third  son  of 
Tbos.  Bewes,  esq.  M.P.  for  Plymouth. 

July  17.  At  Jamaica,  aged  29,  W. 
Henry,  Esq.  the  youngest  son  of  Alex- 
ander Henry,  esq.  of  Winchester-place, 
Pentonville. 

July  23.  At  Antigua,  Wm.  West,  esq. 
M.D. 

Abroad. — Feb.  26.  At  sea,  Lieut. 
Campbell,  20th  regt. 

April  27.  At  Florence,  in  his  4oth 
year,  Giovita  Caravaglia,  who  succeeded 
Morghen  as  Professor  at  the  Florentine 
Academy ;  a  native  of  Padua.  He  was 
considerably  advanced  in  an  engraving 
from  *  The  Assumption  of  the  Madonna,' 
a  well-known  picture  in  the  Jesuits' 
Church,  at  Genoa,  by  Guido. 

April  30.  Near  Algoa  Bay,  drowned 
in  attempting  to  rescue  a  man  who  bad 
fallen  overboard,  Lieuts.  John  Gore  and 
J.  L.  Fitzgerald,  of  his  Majesty's  ship 
Melville.  The  former  jumped  overboard ; 
the  latter  was  lost  with  eight  other  seamen, 
from  the  swamping  of  his  boat.  Thus 
eleven  lives  in  the  whole  were  lost.  Lieut. 
Gore  was  the  son  of  Vice-  Adm.  Sir  John 
Gore ;  and  Lieut.  Fitzgerald  was  son  of 
Adm.  Fitzgerald  of  Bath. 

May  12.  At  Newfoundland,  Lieut. 
Hollingwortb,  R.  A. 

July  2.  At  Ancaster,  in  Upper  Ca- 
nada, aged  33,  Otto,  youngest  surviving  son 
of  the  late  Edward  Otto  Ives,  esq.  of 
Tichtield,  Hants. 

July  10.  At  Pau,  Basses  Pyrcnnces, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Cherry,  only  daughter  of 
the  late  P.  Cherry,  esq. 


July  18.  At  Chamarande,  near  Paris, 
aged  6a  T.  R.  Underwood,  esq.  F.G.S. 
He  was  an  excellent  artist  and  a  perfect 
judge  of  the  arts.  Geology  seems  to  have 
been  his  principal  study,  and,  as  a  natu- 
ralist, he  had  accumulated  an  immense 
variety  of  observations.  He  wrote  a  u  Nar- 
rative of  Memorable  Events  in  Paris 
during  the  Capitulation,  and  during  the 
Occupancy  of  that  City  by  the  Allied 
Armies  in  the  year  1814;  being  Extract* 
from  the  Journal  of  a  Detenu,  who  con- 
tinued a  Prisoner,  on  parole,  in  the  French 
Capital,  from  the  year  1803  to  1814;  also, 
Anecdotes  of  Buonaparte's  Journey  to. 
Residence  at,  and  Return  from  Elba." 
Published  with  a  Preface  and  conclud- 
ing Remarks,  by  J.  Britton,  F.S.A. 
&c.  8vo. 

July  20.  At  St.  Germains-en-Laye, 
aged  60,  Mary  Dorothy,  only  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Turkington,  of  Stukeley,  Hunts. 

July  27.  At  Cstend,  P.  Boyle,  esq. 
M.D.  surgeon  R.N. 

July  30.  At  Interlacken,  in  Switzer- 
land, drowned  when  bathing,  aged  18. 
Charles  Stuart,  Ensign  2oth  Regt.  third 
son  of  Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  Patrick  Stuart, 
uncle  to  Lord  Blantyre. 

Aug.  1.  At  St.  Oraer,  age  49,  Charles 
Harrison  Batty,  esq. 

Aug  9.  At  Mannheim,  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Baden,  aged  41,  Susan ne  Fran- 
.cois,  wife  of  Henry  de  la  Chaumette,  esq. 

Aug.  14.  At  Splugen,  in  Switzerland, 
Thomas  Allott  Osborn,  esq.  of  the  Inner 
Temple. 

Aug.  18.  At  Paris,  in  his  80th  year, 
M.  Dulaure,  author  of  the  "  Histoire  de 
Paris  et  ses  Environs,"  and  who  was  a 
Member  successively  of  the  Constituent 
Assembly,  the  National  Convention,  the 
Council  of  Five  Hundred,  and  the  Legis- 
lative Body. 

Aug.  21.  At  Boulogne,  m»ed  41,  John 
George  Herbert  Griffies  Williams  esq. 
eldest  son  of  Sir  George  Griffies  Williams, 
Bart,  of  Llaney  Wormwood,  county  of 
Carmarthen.  He  married  June  4, 1816, 
Mary- Anne,  only  dau.  of  Joseph  Shaure, 
of  Bath,  esq.  and  had  issue  a  son  and  heir 
Henry,  born  in  1817. 

Aug.  27.  At  Heidelberg,  aged  seven 
months,  Reginald- Boot hby,  only  son  of 
Walter  Nugent,  of  Dublin,  esq. 

lately.  At  Rome,  Pinelli,  the  painter. 
Dante's  <<  Paradiso,"  illustrated  by  him, 
was  laid  upon  his  bier,  and  bis  remains 
were  carried  to  the  church  amidst  a  troop 
of  artists  bearing  torches,  and  students 
bearing  cypress  boughs.  His  bust  is  to 
be  placed  in  the  Capitol. 

At  Paris*  both  by  suicide,  Robert,  the 
painter  of  the  celebrated  picture  of  *•  Lc* 
Moiasomieurs ; "  and  Baron  Gros,  tin- 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1S35.] 


Bill  of  Mortality. — Markets.— Price  of  Shares. 


417 


painter  of  the  well-known  battles  of  Ey- 
lau,  Austerlitz,  &c. 

In  Spain,  Zumalacarreguy,  General  of 
the  forces  of  Don  Carlos,  "  the  con- 
queror of  Sola,  Sarsfield,  Valdez,  Que- 
aada,  Rodil,  and  Mina,  having  at  their 
command  the  population  of  Spain,  and 
supported  by  the  English  and  French 
Government*."  Zumalacarreguy  was 
three  limes  wounded,  at  Arquijas,  Arro- 
nez,  and  before  Bilboa. 

The  Archbishop  of  Cologne,  de  Spie- 
gel ;  leaving  his  library,  and  funds  produc- 
ing 5,000  crowns  a-year,  to  his  See, 
besides  other  considerable  legacies  to  the 
church  and  the  poor.  Several  years  ago 
the  King  of  Prussia  purchased  all  the 


furniture  of  the  Palace  for  40,000  crowns, 
and  settled  it  on  the  See. 

At  Bassano,  aged  85,  JacopoVittorelli, 
the  Anacreon  of  Italy. 

At  Bourdeaux,  Capt.  Dillon,  h.  p.  15th 
Regiment. 

At  Nice,  aged  44,  Henrietta  ci-dcvant 
Countess  of  Kosebery.  She  was  the 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Bartholomew 
Bouverie  ;  was  married  May  20,  1908,  to 
Archibald- John  present  and  fourth  Earl 
of  Rosebery,  from  whom  she  was  divorced 
in  1815,  after  having  bad  issue  the  present 
Lord  Dalmeny,  and  three' other  children. 
She  subsequently,  it  is  understood,  was 
re-married  to  Sir  Henry  Mildtnay,  Bart, 
the  widower  of  her  sister  Charlotte. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  August  26  to  September  22,  1835. 


Christened. 
Males  889  ) 
Females    879  J 


1 7118 


Buried. 
Males       631  ) 
Females    629  { 


1260 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  445 


2  and  5 
5  and  10 
10  and  20 
20  and  30 
30  and  40 
40  and  50 


108 
61 
42 
85 
93 

108 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 
90  and  100 
100 


60  85 
70  98 
80  93 
90  35 
6 
1 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Sept.  11. 


Wheat 
*.  d. 
40  II 


Barley. 
*.  d. 
27  8 


Oats. 
*.  d. 
23  0 


Rye. 
*.  d. 
0  0 


Beans. 
*.  d. 
38  11 


*.  d. 
33  10 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  Sept.  21, 


Farnbam  (seconds)  0L  0*.  to  01 

Kent  Pockets   4/.  0*.  to  51. 

Sussex   SL  12*.  to  47. 

Essex   SI.  15*.  to  5t. 


0*. 
0*. 
4*. 
0*. 


Kent  Bags  .21.  10*.  to  4/.  0*. 

Sussex  0/.   0*.  to  0/.  0*. 

Essex  0/.   0*.  to  0/.  0/. 

Farnbam  (fine)  4/.  15*.  to  67.  0*. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Sept.  21. 

Smithfield,  Hay,  3/.  5*.  to  4/.  15*  Straw,  1/.  8*.  to  \l.  13*.— Clover,  31. 15*.  to 51. 10* 

SMITH  FIE  LD,  Sept.  21 .    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef.  2*.  Od.  to  3*.  10J. 

Mutton  2*.  2d.  to  4*.  2d. 

Veal  3*.  Od.  to  4*.  «. 

Pork  3*.  lOd.  to  4*.  Od. 


Lamb  4*.  Od.  to  4*.  10d. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Sept.  21. 

Beasts   3,463    Calves  2 j0 

Sheep  &  Lambs  29,800    Pigs  410 


COAL  MARKET,  Sept.  21. 
Walls  Ends,  from  19*.  9d.  to  21*.  9d.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  17*.  Od.  to  19*.  6U 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  48*.  Od.    Yellow  Russia,  45*.  Od. 
SOAP.— Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd, 
CANDLES,  It.  Od.  per  doz.    Moulds,  8#.  6d 


s. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 
At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  254.  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  85§.  Grand  Junction, 

231  Kennet  and  Avon,  20.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530.  Regent's,  15$. 

— -Rochdale,  141.  London  Dock  Stock,  54.  St.  Katharine's,  TZ\.  West 

India,  95.  -Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  195.  Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  51*.  West  Middlesex.  77.  Globe  Insurance,  150.  Guardian,  34$. 

— Hope,  6|.  Chartered  Gas  Light, 46$.  Imperial  Gas,  43§.  Phcenix  Gas, 

n\  Independent  Gas,  50.  General  United,  35J.  Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 34.  Reversionary  Interest,  130$. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


4  18 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  August  26,  to  September  25,  1835,  l>oth  inclusive. 
Fahrenheit's  Therm.  Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


o~ 

8  o'clock 
Morninp. 

c 

ss 

■ 

mm 

s 

• 

w  ~ 

5.5 

| 

c 

Day 

Mom 

o 
5 

_  1 

mi  r*K 


i 



Weather. 

5  1 

i  8 
>• 

An. 

a 

%J 



0 

■ 

in.  pts. 

 1 

Sep. 

0 

0 

5:0 

60 

71 

58 

29,  57 

fur,  cloudy 

11 

54 

58 

27 

56 

69 

59 

,78 

do.  do. 

12 

51 

64 

CO 

Ovl 

70 

53 

,  99 

do.  do. 

13 

54 

60 

20 

62 

72 

56 

30,  03 

do. 

14 

58 

68 

30 

65 

71 

57 

,  03 
,04 

do. 

15 

61 

66 

31 

67 

69 

56 

do. 

16 

58 

65 

S.l 

65 

71 

54 

,  io 

do. 

17 

56 

63 

2 

62 

70 

57 

,  20 

do. 

18 

58 

64 

3 

64 

73 

61 

30,  00  do.  rain 

19 

62 

68 

4 

65 

76 

63 

29,  85  do.  do. 

20 

60 

68 

5 

66 

73 

64 

,  90  Ido.  cloudy 

21 

58 

57 

6 

64 

74 

62 

30,  10 

do.  do. 

22 

64 

71 

7 

63 

72 

56 

,  00 

do.  do. 

23 

62 

67 

8 

60 

68 

51 

29,  68 

cloudy,  rain 

24 

59 

63 

9 

55 

60 

51 

,  68 

do.  fair 

25 

52 

65 

10 

56 

66 

53 

i  35  |fair,showers  , 

50 


S 

I 


Weather. 


57 
57 
58 
59 
55 
50 


in.  pts. 
29,  60 
,  28 
,60 
,  84 
,84 
,  77 
,  73 
,79 
,55 
,  60 
,84 
,  50 
,  66 
,87 
,  90 


cloudy 
rain,  fair 
cloudy,  do. 
do.  do. 
do.  rain 
do. 

do.  rain 
do.  do. 
do. 

Ido.  fair 

rain 

cloudy 

•do. 

ido. 

fair 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 

From  .liigust  28,  to  September  26,  1835,  both  inclusive. 


s 


-  r 
S<2| 


■ 


=  . 

u  c 

i  o 


lm  — 
~  X 


S 

E 

hi 


c 

:»  i 


3. 


11 « B 


5» 


C*5 


-  /. 


75  = 


28214$  90     {89J  i  985 

29  215  90i    489*  <  

3l214j90i    |89j  I  

1  81M90J   i|89|90}l  99£ 

2'  90 j    i90|  4  99* 

90i  1904  4  B&4 
 904  i 

 904  i 

90j  4 

«>!  i 

901  * 

»j  j 

90  4 

90]  4 

901  2 


3 

t 
l 

9 
10 
II 
12 
14 
15 
16! 
17 
18 
19 
21 
22 
88 
24 
25 
26 


99  j  984 
994  98§ 
99)  98$ 
!M)e  98| 
100  98i 
100$  99 

— \m 

994 


£  16* 100J 
4  I6il00i 

i 


9  16jl01i 

n  i«i  — 

4  — 


c  8 


88J 
87  j 


88| 

B84  253 

 254*  6  4  pm 

  A  H  


-: 

c 
o 

- 

.2 

S 


4  6  pm 
4  6  pm. 
4  6  pm. 
4  6  pm. 

4  6  pm. 


Ex.  Bills, 
£1000. 


4  6  pm. 
255§  6  pm.  par. 
255£  3  5  pm. 

5pm. 

5  pm. 
4  6  pm. 

6  4  pm. 
4  pm. 


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J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  Broker,  1,  Bank  Buildings,  Comhill, 

late  Kk ii. mips un.  Goooluck,  and  Arnii.l. 


J.  B.  NUMOI.S  AND  SON,  25,  I*  A  R  LI  A  >1  ENT-8TAE  FT. 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

NOVEMBER,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Minor  Correspondence — Westminster  School — The  Unicorn — Peers'  Proxies 
— Register  of  High  Commission  Court— Family  of  Tideswell,  8cc,   450 

Boswell'8  Life  of  Dr.  Samukl  Johnson   451 

Diary  of  a  Lover  op  Literature   458 

New  Record  Commission,  No.  IV. — Pipe  Roll  of  31st  Henry  1   462 

Coins  of  the  Kings  of  Mercia,  469  ;  St  yea  of  Archbishop  Egbert   47 1 

Ancient  Coins  found  near  Youghal,  co.  Cork   47 1 

Family  of  Unton,  or  Umpton    472 

Chapter-house  of  the  Abbey  at  Bocherville,  near  Rouen  (with  two  PlaUn)  ....  473 

Memorials  of  Literary  Characters,  No.  X. 

Letters  of  Charles  Duke  of  Somerset  to  Ton*on  respecting  Addison   475 

Letter  of  the  Rev.  H.  MiUs  to  Archbithop  Tenison    476 

Butler's  Catechism,  and  Doctrines  of  Romanism   477 

Report  of  M.  Francisque  Michel  on  his  Researches  in  the  English  Libraries  ....  479 

Adversaria,  Historical,  Biographical,  and  Literary   485 

POETRY. — Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles  on  hearing  the  Messiah  performed  in  Gloucester 

Cathedral ;  The  Poet,  by  Rev.  J.  Mitford,  489  — The  Farmer's  Daughter,  490. 

— Inscription  to  the  Memory  of  the  Rev.  B.  Ritson   492 

Retrospective  Review. — Emblems,  by  Francis  Quarles   41)3 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

La  Marline's  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land,  497. — Jesse's  Gleanings  in  Natural 
History,  500.  —  Episcopal  Charges  to  the  Clergy,  505.  — Works  on  the 
Church  Establishment,  507. — Fudges  in  England  ;  Defoe's  Journal  of  the 
Plague  Year,  510. — Loudon's  Architectural  Magazine,  511. — Institute  of 
British  Architects,  512.— Archasologia,  Vol.  XXVI.  513.— The  Doctor, 
Vol.  III.  517.— Proctor's  Life  of  Edmund  Kean,  520.— The  Modern  Dun- 
ciad,  523. — Trench's  Poems ;  Holman's  Voyage  round  the  World,  524. — 
Letters  on  Religious  Subjects  ;  Harrow  School  Books,  52(>. — Miss  Mitford's 
Belford  Regis   527 

Miscellaneous  Reviews   328—530 

PINE  ARTS,  530.— New  Publications   531 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications ;  Circulation  of  the  Metropolitan  Newspapers,  532. — Sum- 
mary of  Public  Petitions  presented  to  Parliament,  533.— The  Universities; 
Literary  Institutions ;  the  Comet ;  Useful  Inventions,  &c  535 — 538 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES   538 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  541.— Domestic  Occurrences, 
543. — Promotions,  Preferments,  &c.  544. — Marriages   545 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham  ;  Dr.  Brinkley,  Bishop  of 
Cloyne ;  Hon.  George  Walpole ;  Sir  Thomas  Wallace,  Bart. ;  Major-Gen. 
Sir  J.  Dalrymple,  Bart.;  Lieut.-Col.  Hardy;  Dr.  Willis;  T.  J.  Mathias, 
Esq. ;  Rev.  William  Long;  Henry  O'Brien,  Esq. ;  Signor  Bellini   546 

Clergy  Deceased,  554. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties   556 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets — Prices  of  Shares,559— Meteorological  Diary — Stocks  560 
Embellished  with  two  Plates  of  the  Chapter-house  of  Bocherville. 


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150 


MINOR  CORR 

J.  T.  M.  writes  t  In  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica  appears  the  following  para- 
graph, 44  Hodman,  a  cant  terra  formerly 
used  for  a  young  scholar  admitted  from 
Westminster  -  school  to  be  student  at 
Christ -church  in  Oxford  "  Can  any  of 
your  Correspondents  elucidate  the  ex- 
pression ?  I  would  also  ask,  how  long  the 
Greek  Esop  has  been  disused  at  West- 
minster ?  There  is  now  lying  before  me, 
'AiVanrv  MtOoi,  Zc»  roil  ' Ewi7pa/u./x«<Tii>  in 
rots  «v9oXo7is*  IxXtHTott.  In  usum  Scho- 
lar Regis  Westmonast.  Londini.  Ex  Of- 
ncinA  Johannis  Redmayne,  1671,  12mo.' 
It  contains  the  Greek  Fables,  with  Epi- 
mythia,  or  Morals,  appended  to  them ; 
the  Life  of  Esop,  by  Maximus  Planudcs ; 
the  Datrachomyomachia  of  Homer ;  a 
selection  from  the  Authologia,  different 
from  that  now  in  use,  and  '.much  shorter, 
with  a  few  extracts  from  Moschus,  Theo- 
critus, Bion,  and  Anacreon.  An  index  of 
the  fables  concludes  the  volume.  Pp.  128. 

Mr.  James  Logan  remarks :  The  ex- 
istence of  that  noble-looking  animal  the 
Unicorn  has  never  been  satisfactorily 
proved,  although  some  travellers  have 
averred  that  the  race  was  not  an  imagi- 
nary one,  nor  yet  entirely  extinct,  they 
having  either  caught  a  glimpse  of  the  crea- 
ture, or  heard  of  some  one  that  did. 
They  did  not  of  course  refer  to  the  rhi- 
noceros, that  terrific,  but  well  known  ani- 
mal, whose  horn  is  so  different  from  that 
which  is  given  to  the  Unicorn.  I  am  led 
to  make  these  remarks  not  only  with  a 
view  to  settle  this  point,  by  means  of 
any  of  your  Correspondents,  better  versed 
in  natural  history  or  geology  than  I  am, 
but  also  from  a  desire  to  have  a  passage 
explained,  about  which,  with  others,  I 
am  in  doubt.  In  the  "  Rites  of  Dur- 
ham Cathedral,"  p.  117,  a  Unicorn's 
horn,  Elephant's  tooth,  or  such  like,  we 
are  told,  were  amongst  the  offerings  made 
at  shrines.  Now  does  the  first  mean 
the  elegant  horn  of  the  singular  fi>h 
called  a  Sea  Unicorn  ?  and  are  any  such 
relics  yet  preserved,  or  any  written  or 
other  evidence  extant  to  prove  the  fact  ? 
Several  horns,  it  appears,  were  found  in 
the  North  in  1831,  which,  from  their  un- 
usual appearance,  and  resemblance  to 
those  of  the  supposed  imaginary  Land 
Unicorn,  were  believed  to  be  the  remaius 
of  this  animal,  which,  like  the  bear,  bea- 
ver, elk,  wild  cattle,  &c.  may  have  once 
inhabited  the  British  Isles. 

S.  S.  is  informed  that,  some  curious 
matter  relative  to  Peers'  Proxies,  their 


SSPONDENCE. 

voting,  mode  of  vacating  them,  ami  pro 

ceedings  of  the  House  -upon  the  subject, 
will  be  found  in  the  44  Report  of  the  Lords' 
Committee  of  Privileges  appointed  to  ex- 
amine Precedents  of  Peer*  advanced  to  a 
higher  dignity,  entering  their  Proxies  ac- 
cording to  their  former  titles,"  drawn  up 
by  Mr.  Cowper,  the  Deputy  Clerk  of  the 
Parliament,  and  ordered  to  be  printed  13 

May  1817. 

In  answer  to  R.  T.  who  inquires  whe- 
ther there  was  any  connection  between 
the  families  of  Freschville  and  Tideswell ; 
who,  he  states,  as  well  as  Foljarobe,  bore 
the  same  chnrges  on  their  armorial  shield ; 
we  can  only  remark  that  this  proves  no 
relationship,  but  probably  only  their  being 
subinfeodatories  of  the  same  lord.  But 
we  do  not  find  the  name  of  Tideswell 
mentioned  among  the  old  Derbyshire 
families,  nor  any  record  of  arms  borne  by 
that  name. 

L.  inquires,  "  where  there  may  exist  in 
a  public  or  private  library  a  Continuation 
of  the  Register,  remaining  in  the  Univer- 
sity Library  at  Cambridge  (marked  D.  d. 
II.  21),  of  Me  Proceeding*  of  the  Court 
of  High  Commission  for  Cause*  Eccle- 
siastical, from  Mich.  Term.  1631,  to  Hi- 
lary Term  1633  [1633-4]  ?  A  learned 
friend,  who  has  recently  been  so  obliging 
as  to  examine  the  volume  at  my  instance, 
acquaints  me,  that  the  latest  note  of  time 
therein  is  of  the  26th  of  March  1634. 
It  ends,  therefore,  uufortunately  for  my 
purpose,  with  the  term  immediately  pre- 
ceding that  in  which  a  cause  commenced 
to  which  I  have  occasion  to  refer." 

G.  C.  remarks,  44  Sharon  Turner,  in 
the  10th  volume  of  his  History  of  Eng- 
land, p.  405,  states  that  Henry  VIII. 
gave  to  Cardinal  Pole  the  house  which 
the  learned  Colet  had  built ;  and  two  pages 
further  on,  that  the  Cardinal  returned  to 
England  for  two  years  more  to  his  rural 
retreat.  Can  you,  or  any  of  your  nu- 
merous readers,  inform  me  where  this 
house  was  situated,  or  if  it  is  still  ex- 
tant  ? " 

A  young  Genealogist  asks,  Whether 
any  Correspondent  can  afford  him  in- 
formation of  the  parentage  of  Sir  George 
Etherege  (Charles  the  Second's  courtier), 
the  arms  he  bore,  or  any  other  particu- 
lars respecting  his  family  ? 

We  are  much  obliged  by  the  communi- 
cation of  Mr.  William  Michzll;  but 
had  already  availed  ourselves  of  his  ac- 
count of  the  church  of  Perranzabuloe. 


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THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


BOSWELL'S  LIFE  OP  SAMUEL  JOHNSON,  LL.D. 
New  Edition.    8  Vols.    Murray.  1835. 

AFTER  the  animosity  of  party  feeling  has  subsided,  and  the  rivalry  of 
literary  reputation  has  yielded  to  the  calmer  and  more  impartial  judgment 
of  the  public,  we  think  the  merit  of  Mr.  Croker  s  edition  of  Boswell's  bio- 
graphy  will  be  generally  acknowledged  j  nor  do  we  know  any  circum- 
stance which  tends  more  strongly  to  confirm  this  opinion,  than  the  fact 
that  another  edition,  incorporating  great  part  of  his  materials,  and  enriched 
with  his  additional  notes,  has  rapidly  succeeded  his  :  proving  the  success 
of  his  undertaking  and  the  approbation  of  the  public.    How  far  Mr.  Croker 
acted  judiciously  in  interweaving  with  Boswell  s  text  the  narrative  of  some 
other  biographers,  must  be  left  to  general  opiuion  ;  for  ourselves  we  should 
have  wished  it  otherwise.    But  to  those  persons  who  did  not  possess 
the  volumes  of  Piozzi,  Hawkins,  and  others,  his  plan  afforded  much  addi- 
tional information ,  in  a  convenient  compass,  and  brought  the  scattered  rays 
from  remote  quarters,  to  illuminate  in  one  focus  the  noble  Image  which  the 
public  voice  h?d  placed  on  the  pedestal  of  Fame.    The  additional  matter, 
also,  wrhich  Mr.  Croker  collected  from  the  conversation  of  friends,  or  from 
the  remembrance  of  a  few  of  Johnson's  contemporaries,  was  often  impor- 
tant and  always  gratifying ;  while  his  own  exemplary  diligence  and  acute- 
ness  rectified  ranch  that  was  erroneous,  supplied  much  that  was  deficient, 
and  illustrated  much  that  was  obscure.    Errors,  too,  that  had  long  escaped 
detection,  had  crept  into  the  narrative  of  Boswell,  not  so  much  from  negli- 
gence of  attention,  and  certainly  from  no  culpable  disregard  of  truth  j  but 
from  the  difficulty  of  following  up,  even  with  the  most  ready  and  experi- 
enced pen,  the  rapid  flow  of  conversation,  of  arresting  with  precision  ideas 
and  images,  that  wtre  separated  by  delicate  touches  of  distinction,  and 
of  unfolding  with  exactness  arguments  that  were  entangled  by  opposition 
of  opinion,  or  linked  together  by  a  long  consecution  of  arrangement. 
Even  to  the  unrelaxing  assiduity,  the  ready  activity  of  Boswell,  could  not 
be  applied  the  language  of  the  poet  of  Bourdeaux  : — 

Quum  raaximc  nunc  proloquor, 
Circom  loquentis  ambitu, 
Tu  *ensa  nostri  pectoris 
Ut  dicta  jam  ccris  tenes, 
Tu  me  loquintem  prsevenis. 
Quis,  quicso,  quia  me  prodidit  ? 
Dootritia  non  hsec  praestitit, 
Nec  ulla  tarn  velox  man  us 
Celeripedis  compendii. 

Mr.  Croker  has  been  successful  in  rectif>iug  much  that  is  erroneous, 
partly  by  comparing  Boswell  with  himself,  partly  by  the  information  of 
other  persons  who  were  prcsetit ;  sometimes  by  authorities  drawn  from  his 
extensive  knowledge  of  literature,  and  sometimes  by  reasons  deduced 
from  logical  and  well-grounded  inferences. 

We  think,  also,  that  the  estimate  which  Mr.  Croker  has  formed  of 
Johnson  s  character,  though  not  drawn  out  into  a  formal  arrangement,  nor 

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452 


RoswelVs  Life  of  Samuel  Johnsons  LL.D. 


[Xov. 


separated  by  a  minute  analysis,  nor  expanded  into  a  fall  developement  of 
his  various  excellencies,  yet  is  in  the  main  correct.    Dr.  Johnson  was 
gifted  by  nature  with  a  strong  aud  powerful  mind  ;  with  a  most  capacious, 
ready,  and  retentive  memory  j  with  great  clearness  and  perspicuity  of 
thought  i  to  which  was  added  a  fertility  of  allusion  and  readiness  of  illus- 
tration *  almost  unparalleled.    In  fact,  he  had  a  great  grasp  of  mind,  and 
his  stores  of  knowledge  and  learning  were  disposed  with  such  ease  and 
order,  and  his  habits  of  association  so  quick  aud  ready,  that  they  were 
always  at  his  command    To  any  question  that  did  not  descend  too  remotely 
into  the  depth  of  a  very  refiucd  and  metaphysical  inquiry*  or  did  not  plunge 
into  the  recesses  of  scholastic  or  classical  erudition,  Johnson  was  always 
ready  to  dispel  the  errors  that  had  gathered  round  it,  and  to  draw  forth  its 
truth  ;  while  his  conversational  language  was  correct  and  fluent,  it  also 
had  an  elegance  and  propriety  that  was  not  always  to  be  found  in  his  more 
studied  writings.    Dr.  Kingt  said  (and  what  he  said  ought  to  have  weight, 
as  he  was  himself  a  correct  scholar,  an  elegant  orator,  and  lived  much  ic  the 
very  best  society),  that  he  had  been  acquainted  only  with  three  persons 
who  spoke  English  with  that  elegance  and  propriety,  that  if  all  they  said 
had  been  committed  to  writing  immediately,  any  judge  of  the  English  lan- 
guage would  have  pronounced  it  an  excellent  and  very  beautiful  style. 
Those  persons  were  Atterbury  the  exiled  Bishop  of  Rochester ;  Dr.  Gower, 
Provost  of  Worcester  College  $  and  Johnson,  the  author  of  the  English  Dic- 
tionary." 

We  have  no  doubt  of  the  justice  of  Mr.  Croker's  observation,  that  much 
which  appears  offensive  and  strange  in  Johnson's  replies  or  attacks,  as 
given  in  the  nakedness  of  Boswell's  narrative,  assumed  another  character 
when  associated  with  the  accompaniments  of  look,  tone,  and  manner.  The 
slightest  gesture— -a  smile,  a  shrug,  a  look,  would  soften  the  severest  blow, 
and  take  the  sting  from  the  most  inflammatory  wound.  Johnson  possessed 
a  very  generous  disposition,  a  warm,  friendly,  and  affectionate  heart.  His 
love  of  his  wife,  all  things  considered,  passed  the  love  of  man.  He  was 
quite  free,  even  beyond  the  generality  of  persons,  from  any  sordid  love  of 
money :  he  did  not,  like  the  sensualist,  desire  the  luxuries  it  affoided  ;  nor 
did  he,  like  the  miser,  brood  over  his  growing  treasures  with  usurious 
delight.  He  never  used  his  superfluous  fortune  in  indulging  the  vanities 
and  caprices  of  the  imagination  -f  what  was  not  wanted  for  the  necessaries 
of  life,  was  bestowed  in  the  charities.  He  possessed  a  great  deal  of  wise 
self-command  in  the  order  of  his  going.  We  can  see  no  personal  luxury 
about  him  at  all — in  furniture,  in  diet, — not  even  in  his  books.  J  When 
he  was  himself  at  ease,  he  did  what  he  could  to  remove  the  auxietics  and 
supply  the  necessities  of  others.   His  life  and  Burke's  form,  in  this  instance, 


•  We  have  heard  it  said,  and  that  from  authority  which  would  be  allowed  were  we 
at  liberty  to  produce  it,  that  the  present  Archbishop  of  Dublin  approaches  nearest  to 
Johnson  in  his  readiness  and  happiness  of  illustration,  of  any  person  of  the  present  age. 

t  Sec  Dr.  King's  Memoirs  of  his  Own  Time,  p.  175.  Mr.  Tate,  in  his  late  paper 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  on  the  emendation  of  7>  doctarum,  in  Hor.  Od.  I.  for 
Me,  has  not  quoted  what  Dr.  King  says  p.  72  of  his  Anecdotes.  The  emendation 
appears  correct,  and  brings  back  the  subject,  at  the  conclusion,  to  the  point  at  which 
it  commenced — the  praise  of  Maecenas.  The  two  last  lines  Dr.  Kidd  rejects. 

X  We  once  saw  the  Sale  Catalogue  of  Dr.  Johnson's  books  at  King  and  LochtVs, 
and  regret  we  did  not  purchase  it,  for  we  have  never  met  with  it  again  ;  if  not  worth 
reprinting,  it  would  be  very  useful  for  the  biographer  of  Johnson  to  peruse  it :  some 
light  would  probably  be  thrown  on  his  studies  and  favourite  authors.  We  possess  his 
copy  of  the  Poems  of  Naugerius,  which  had  also  belonged  to  Elijah  Fcnton. 


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1835.] 


Boswejr$  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D. 


453 


a  strong  and,  to  Johnson,  a  most  advantageous  contrast.    Soon  after  he 

entered  into  public  life,  raised  at  once  from  a  state  of  daily  dependance, 

in  the  possession  of  a  handsome  income,  and  from  the  generosity  of  a 

friendly  patron,*  removed  by  a  very  large  loan,  above  all  future  fear  of 

want,  Burke  was  invariably  needy,  and  pressed  by  pecuniary  difficulties  j 

borrowing  from  Garrick,  irom  Reynolds,  and  from  almost  every  friend,— 

raising  money  from,  or  mortgaging  his  pension, — while  Johnson,  with  a 

pittance,  a  sura  that  Burke  would  have  spent  on  a  picture  or  a  bust,f  or 

any  other  freak,  was  independent,  content,  and  generous.   What  was  most 

blamable  in  Johnson  was  an  uncharitable  and  most  unreasonable  bigotry 

upon  certain  points,  which  prevailed  even  over  his  paramount  desire  for 

truth.    His  language,  as  regards  the  Americans,  the  Whigs,  the  Scotch, 

was  anything  but  the  language  of  a  philosopher.    To  this  must  be  added 

the  rudeuess  of  his  replies,  the  occasional  violence  of  his  language,  and 

the  temporary  arrogance  of  his  manner.    These,  however,  were  defects  that 

were  partly  constitutional,  and  that  partly  arose  from  the  habits  of  his 

early  life,  and  from  his  never  having  been  accustomed  to  the  self-restraint, 

the  gentleness,  and  respect,  which  the  manners  of  good  society  both  require 

and  form.    Much  must  be  conceded  to  one  who  in  early  life,  instead  of 

sitting  at  table  with  his  equals  or  superiors,  with  geutlemcn  and  scholars, 

was  obliged  to  lurk  behind  a  screen  at  Cave's  house,  in  squalid  poverty 

and  degradation,  without  one  to  cry — 

 Say,  what 's  thy  name  ? — 

Thou  hast  a  grim  appearance,  and  thy  face 

Bears  a  command  in  it.    Though  thy  tackle 's  torn, 

Thou  show'st  a  noble  vessel — What's  thy  name  ? — 

— and  who  had  passed  years  in  such  obscurity  of  penury,  that  they  can  hardly 
be  traced  in  the  almanack  of  his  life  ;  or  wandered  with  Savage  and  such 
choice  companions,  supperless,  homeless,  and  frieiidless,  subsisting  on 
threepence  a  day ;  lurking  in  a  wretched  retreat  from  his  creditors  at 
Greenwich,  separated  from  his  wife  from  incapability  of  supporting  her, 
or  squabbling  with  booksellers  for  the  casual  subsistence  of  the  hour,  or 
appealing  to  their  charity  for  employment.  Even  in  the  full-blown  flower  of 
his  reputation  Lord  Wellesley  allows  that  Johnson  was  never  seen  among 
the  best  society  of  Jxmdou ;  the  table  of  Mr.Thralc's  f  and  that  of  Sir  Joshua 


•  See  Mr.  M'Cormick's  Life  of  Burke.    It  is  said  he  received  a  loan  of  40,000/. 

f  We  possess  several  busts  and  marbles  which  were  bought  at  Burke's  sale.  We 
remember  a  head  of  a  fawn,  which  Nollekens  bought  there  for  12  or  14/.,  which,  at 
Nollekens'  sale,  fetched  above  a  hundred.  Burke,  we  believe,  bought  all  these  mar- 
bles in  one  collection  ;  and  if  we  recollect  rightly,  from  Italy. 

X  We  perceive  that  in  this  new  edition,  Mr.  Croker  still  adheres  to  his  explanation 
of  the  two  Greek  letters  used  by  Johnson  ®.  4>.  as  meaning  0»»toi  4>iXoi,  and  the 
correctness  of  it  having  been  questioned,  he  supports  it  by  a  passage  from  Euripides. 
Now,  we  had  long  ago  shown  that  this  interpretation  was  erroneous,  and  that  the  truth 
lay  nearer  home  ;  but  not  the  slightest  mention  is  vouchsafed  of  our  remark.  However, 
we  shall  proceed  to  say  in  the  first  place,  that  the  Greek  letters  did  not  of  necessity  repre- 
sent Greek  words.    The  old  scholars  used  them  as  Johnson  used  them  in  this  place 
is  signs.    Secondly,  the  authority  of  Euripides  may  support  Mr.  Croker' s  scholarship 
against  his  critic's,  but  it  does  nothing  more.    We  shall  proceed  to  say  what  these 
letters  mean,  which  is  nothing  more  nor  less  than — my  7V/rale  (©)  /fiends  (♦). 
Now,  Ap.  4,  1779,  Johnson  says,  "  At  the  altar  I  commended  my  &  4>,  and  again 
prayed  the  prayer." — Ap.  13,  1781,  he  says,  "  On  Wednesday  the  11th,  was  buried, 
my  dear  friend  Thrale,  who  died  on  Wednesday  4,  and  with  him  are  buried  many  of 
my  hopes  and  pleasures,  &c.    I  had  constantly  prayed  for  him  some  time  before 
his  death." — In  1781,  (no  date  of  month),  "  I  rose  at  eight,  and  breakfasted  ;  then 
went  early  to  church,  and  before  service  read  the  prayer  for  the  Church  Militant.  / 


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Reynolds*  were  indeed  open  to  him  ;  but  even  these  we  can  hardly  dignify 
with  the  title  select  or  refined.  And  while  Johnson  was  dining  with  Dilly  or 
Strahan,  there  was  another  and  a  very  different  society  in  Loudon,  where 
Gibbon,  and  Beauclerk,  and  Fox,  and  Burke  were  to  be  found.  At  his 
Club  indeed  be  met  gentlemen  and  scholars  j  and  at  Garrick's  there  was  a 
society  that  every  one  would  desire  and  enjoy.  It  seems  to  be  Mr.  Croker'i 
opinion,  that  he  would  not  have  been  thus  neglected  at  the  present  day, 
and  that  a  considerable  alteration  has  taken  place  in  the  feelings  of  the 
higher  ranks  in  that  respect.  It  may  be  so ;  yet  the  person  most  equal 
to  Dr.  Johnson  in  the  inexhaustible  power  of  his  conversation,  and  far 
exceeding  him  in  the  unlimited  extent  of  his  knowledge,  was  seldom,  we 
believe,  called  from  his  suburban  retreat  at  Highgate  to  delight  the  polished 
aristocracy  of  the  metropolis.  We  have  never  met  our  worthy  and  most 
learned  friend  the  translator  of  Plato  and  Aristotle  at  the  tables  of  the  wealthy 
and  great,  though  he  has  lived  near  half  a  century  in  Loudon.  Political  ta- 
lents, we  know,  will  open  ever)'  door.  This  opened  them  for  Parr,  when  his 
erudition  alone  would  not  :  this  much  extended  the  circle  of  Mackintosh's 
acquaintance.  The  late  learned  Dr.  Burney  we  saw  at  few  tables,  the 
more  learned  Professor  Porson  at  none.  A  high  station  in  those  arts  that 
minister  to  the  gratification  of  personal  vanity,  as  well  as  taste,  will  ensure 
to  the  painter  or  sculptor  a  welcome  reception  ;  aud  a  Lawreuce  or  a 
Chantrey  are  deservedly  familiar  with  the  best  society.  We  do  not  deny 
that  Johnson  would  have  been  called  out  for  exhibition  more  frequently  now 
than  at  the  period  when  he  lived  j  because  we  know  of  those  ostentatious 
and,  to  our  minds,  most  unseemly  dinners,  where  are  collected  in  a  crowd  of 
twenty  or  thirty,  bishops,  poets,  sculptors,  naturalists,  divines,  dilettanti- 
lords,  and  editors  of  newspapers,  painters,  reviewers,  linguists,  and  travel- 
lers, all  whose  powers  of  entertainment  or  instruction  are  lost  or  swal- 
lowed up  iu  one  ill-grouped  and  promiscuous  assemblage,  and  who  depart 
wondering  what  motive  could  have  induced  their  hospitable  and  illustrious 
host  to  collect  such  a  heterogeneous  multitude,  of  whose  individual  talents 
he  had  no  opportunity  of  availing  himself. 

At  such  a  dinner  as  this,  even  the  light  electric  Mashes  of  Beau  clerk's 
wit  would  have  played  and  glittered  unfelt  j  and  even  the  roar  of  Johnsons 
thunderous  eloquence  would  have  rolled  away  unheeded.  These  entertain- 
ments may  display  the  skill  of  cooks,  and  gratify  the  vanity  of  patrons,  but 
they  are  not  well  calculated  to  afford  cither  rational  amusement  or  instruction, 
and  they  have  grown  up  in  the  present  age.  Whether  the  uncouth uess  of 
Johnson's  appearance  and  dress  was  against  him  we  cannot  say ;  much 

commended  my  0*  friends,  as  I  have  formerly  done."  Here  we  see  what  4>  stood 
for  ;  uot  the  Greek  k>i\n,  but  the  English,  friends. 

Sept.  2,  1781.  "When  Thrale's  health  was  broken  for  many  month*  before  hit 
death,  which  hnppened  April  4,  /  constantly  mentioned  him  in  my  prayers ;  and  after 
his  death  hare  made  particular  supplication  for  his  sitrririny  family  to  this  day." 

Now,  we  ask,  can  any  one  deny  that  our's  is  the  true  explanation  ?  or  that  it  is  not 
perfectly  clear  and  evident  ?  and  we  reluctantly  say,  that  if  it  had  been  proposed  by 
Sir  R.  Peel  or  Lord  Wellesley,  we  have  no  doubt  it  would  have  taken  place  of  0»t.tp* 
♦am  :  but  coming  from  Grub-street,  it  is  dismissed  in  silent  contempt.  We  feel  con- 
fident, however,  that  it  will  be  received  in  future  editions  as  the  correct  interpre- 
tation. We  perceive  so  early  as  Apr.  1  1 , 1773,  Johnson  says,  '  I  prayed  for  Salisbury, 
and  I  think  the  ThralesS  So  that  ©  does  not  of  necessity  mean  the  dead,  a*  the 
Thrales  were  all  living.  Now  <J>  has  been  proved  to  stand"  for  friends,  and  <d  has 
been  shown  not  to  mean  dead;  and  is  not  the  argument  complete? 

*  We  have  one  or  two  friends,  who  have  often  dined  at  Sir  Joshua's,  and  those 
gentlemen,  excellent  judges  of  what  a  dinner  should  be,  agree  in  saying  that  Sir 
Joshua's  were  execrable. 


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1835.]  Boswetfs  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  LL  D.  455 

eccentricity  in  a  man  of  eminence  in  these  respects  is  overlooked  j  and  we 
remember  our  old  friend  Dr  Vicesimus  Knox  mentioning  that  he  met 
Johnson  at  dinner  at  Dilly's,  when  he  was  emaciated  and  pale,  and  in  the 
latest  decline  of  his  health,  "  yet,"  said  the  doctor,  "  he  was  dressed  with 
lace  on  his  coat,  in  a  handsome  and  dignified  manner,  like  a  gentleman." 

If  the  application  of  the  term  Poet  is  bestowed  with  such  a  cautious 
and  parsimonious  hand,  as  even  by  some  to  be  almost  withheld  from  Pope, 
it  certainly  is  an  honour  that  cannot  with  propriety  be  conferred  on  John- 
son.    His  versification  is  not  adorned  by  any  of  the  rich  creations  of 
genius  ;  it  is  not  invested  with  the  brilliant  hues  of  the  imagination  j  it 
does  not  soar  into  the  sublime,  nor  does  it  draw  from  our  bosoms  the 
'  natural  tears'  of  tenderness  and  pity.    There  is  in  it  none  of  the  enthu- 
siasm characteristic  of  the  poet.    His  mind  reflected  none  of  the  enchant- 
ing scenery  of  nature,  nor  did  it  live  among  the  fine  and  delicate  sensibili- 
ties of  thought    But  Johnson  possessed  much  eloquence  of  versification, 
strong,  sonorous,  aud  musical:  a  judicious  selection  of  images  and  a  co- 
pious choice  of  words  j  occasionally  his  poetry  is  rendered  heavy  by  too 
much  accumulation,  and  the  thoughts  are  overloaded  by  the  assistance  of  a 
too  cumbrous  and  diffusive  explanation.    This  has  been  pointed  out  in  the 
introductory  couplet  of  the  translation  of  Juvenal's  tenth  satire — 

Let  observation,  with  extensive  view, 
Survey  mankind  from  China  to  Peru : — 

— which  in  fact  is  saying — let  observation  with  extensive  observation  observe 
China,  &c.  The  tautology  in  this  passage  is  so  obvious,  as  to  strike  any 
one.  Mr.  Croker  refers  the  criticism  on  it  to  the  late  Mr.  Sharpe,  but  the 
fact  is  it  belongs  to  Mr.  Wordsworth.  It  is  a  matter  of  no  consequence-— 
but  Mr.  Wordsworth  has  a  right  to  claim  it  j  it  was  given  as  his  many 
years  ago,  in  Mr.  Hazlitt's  lectures,  and  we  have  heard  it  from  him  in  con- 
versation ;  when  he  also  contrasted  with  Johnson  the  happy  elegance  of 
Drydeu  in  the  same  passage.  The  same  love  of  amplification  exists  also  in 
most  of  Johnson's  pro3C  compositions,  but  more  than  all  in  the  Rambler. 
His  language  is  not  absolutely  tautologons,  but  it  is  nearly  as  bad.  There 
is  too  little  distinction  in  the  meaning  of  expressions  that  are  to  elucidate 
the  same  idea  ;  every  shade  of  difference  is  noted  ;  nothing  is  left  to  the 
reader's  mind  to  supply  j  every  argument  stands,  like  Wolsey,  in  the  '  full- 
blown dignity'  of  its  expression,  and  every  train  of  thought  is  pursued 
until  the  channel  is  dry :  and  this  merely  for  the  sake  of  moulding  his  sen- 
tence into  his  favourite  form.    Mr.  Coleridge*  justly  observed — 

"  Dr.  Johnson  seems  to  have  been  really  sentence  after  sentence  in  the  R-imbler 

more  powerful  in  discoursing  viva  voce,  may  be  pointed  out,  to  which  you  cannot 

in  conversation,  than  with  his  pen  in  his  attach  any  definite  meaning  whatever.  In 

hand.    It  seems  as  if  the  excitement  of  bis  political  pamphlets  there  is  more  truth 

company  called  something  like  habit  and  of  expression  than  in  his  other  works,  for 

consecutiveness  into  his  reasonings,  which  the  same  reason  that  his  conversation  is 

in  his  writings  I  cannot  see.    His  anti-  better  than  his  writings  in  general." 
theses  are  almost  always  verbal  only.  And 

To  this  must  be  added  a  somewhat  monotonous  form  of  arranging  his 
periods  in  triads,  and  a  too  frequent  use  of  words  brought  from  the  learned 
languages,  wheu  a  closer  adherence  to  the  Saxon  idiom  would  have  im- 
parted more  simplicity  and  grace.  Upon  the  whole,  we  consider  Gold* 
smith's  prose  stvle  superior  to  his  j  and  indeed,  possessing  a  very  high  de- 
gree of  excellence.  We  do  not  think  that  Johnson's  mind  was  metaphy- 
seal; or  that  he  possessed  those  fine,  subtle,  delicate,  and  discriminating 

•  See  Coleridge's  Table  Talk,  vol.  ii.  p.  275- 

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powers  which  are  necessary  to  pursue  such  inquiries  to  their  most  remote 
issues,  to  subject  thera  to  the  most  powerful  analysis,  and  deduce  from 
them  the  most  correct  conclusions.  He  showed  little  acquaintance  with 
metaphysics  whenever  the  name  of  Berkeley  was  started  j  and  indeed,  if 
what  he  said  be  rightly  reported,  he  talked  of  the  Bishop's  arguments  like  a 
schoolboy :  he  either  did  not,  or  would  not  understand  the  subject.  His 
favourite  reasonings  were  extended  to  subjects  of  a  more  practical  nature 
—to  political,  legislative,  ceconotnical  inquiries,  to  criticism,  to  matters  of 
taste,  to  morals.  Nor  did  Johnson  possess  the  great  philosophical  powers 
of  Bacon,  his  grand  generalizations,  his  commanding  views  over  the  fields 
of  science,  his  prophetic  anticipations,  his  bold  but  firm  conclusions,  which 
carried  him,  as  if  he  possessed  the  spirit  of  divination,  at  once  into  the  very 
sanctuary  of  Truth. 

If  Johnson  is  to  be  called  a  learned  man,  it  must  be  necessary  to  fix  the 
meaning  of  a  word  that  has  admitted  much  latitude  of  signification. 
Popularly  shaking,  speaking  in  the  language  of  the  world,  and  without 
much  precision,  he  may  be  called  learned  ;  he  is  generally  so  entitled :  but 
certainly  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  word  he  was  far  from  it.    He  knew 
he  was  not,  and  he  never  pretended  to  what  he  did  not  possess.    In  his 
memorable  conversation  with  George  the  Third,  he  told  the  King  that  he 
was  not  learned,  and  he  told  him,  and  justly,  who  was.    There  is  only 
one  passage  in  the  whole  extent  of  Boswell's  Memoirs,  when  a  conversa- 
tion on  classical  subjects,  which  would  try  a  scholar,  took  place ;  and  then 
Johnson  owned  that  he  did  not  shine  so  much  as  he  wished  :  it  was  the 
conversation  with  Mr.  Longley  on  the  Ancient  Metres.    Nothing  that  was 
said  is  recorded  j  but  if  he  spoke  to  the  purpose  on  this  subject,  he  must 
have  possessed  a  considerable  scholarship.    If  learning  is  meant  to  include 
scientific  knowledge,  he  certainly  had  no  pretensions;  for  he  was  not  a  geome- 
trician, and  had  made  no  advances  in  any  of  the  branches  of  philosophy.  If 
it  is  to  be  limited  to  literature,  he  was  far  behind  the  old  scholars  of  our 
country,  and  even  many  of  his  contemporaries.    If  compared  to  Selden  or  to 
Usher,  to  Mede,  to  Barrow,  or  to  Milton,  his  literature  was  but  a  shadow 
— 2kias  ovap.    In  fact,  Johnson's  education  had  been  imperfect,  carried 
on  without  any  well-constructed  plan,  left  to  his  own  unguided  exertions ; 
and  after  quitting  college,  his  mind  was  occupied  in  pursuits  which  had 
little  tendency  to  invigorate  or  to  enrich  it.    He  had  to  provide  his  daily 
bread  by  the  toil  of  the  day ;  to  write  in  magazines,  reviews,  and  other 
casual  publications ;  and  to  pick  up  his  information,  and  to  dole  it  out,  as 
the  interest  or  wishes  of  his  employers  pointed.    A  solid  body  of  litera- 
ture, which  might  be  justly  dignified  with  the  title  of  learning,  was  not  to 
be  obtained  by  writing  for  Dodsley  or  for  Cave.    To  this  must  be  added  a 
sluggishness  and  indolence  both  of  body  and  mind,  which  made  him 
unwilling  or  unable  to  read  with  persevering  diligence  (he  owned  that 
he  never  read  a  book  through),  and  which  would  have  declined  any 
system  of  laborious  investigation.    Perhaps  he  had  made  most  advances 
in  theology,  but  we  can  discover  no  familiarity  with  the  writings  of  the 
fathers  or  the  schoolmen.    He  had  no  extensive  acquaintance  with  our 
early  literature,  as  Dr.  Maut  has  observed  in  his  Life  of  Wartou,  cer- 
tainly not  with  that  which  is  autiquarian  and  poetical.    He  was  not  an 
antiquary  like  Percy  or  Warton,  a  linguist  like  Sir  William  Jones,  a 
divine  like  Warburton,  or  Waterland,  or  a  scholar  like  Burney  or  Parr.* 

•  Upon  a  diligent  inquiry,  how  little  learning  do  we  find  among  those  who  are 
called  learned!    A  person,  now  dead,  who  for  forty  years  had  posseted  the  reputa- 


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1836.]  Boswelfs  Life  of  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D,    *  457 


This  last  sentence  leads  us  to  the  end  of  our  inquiry.   When  we  say  that 
Johnson  was  not  a  man  of  learning,  we  wish  to  say  distinctly  what  he  was. 
By  a  scholar  is  meant  oue  who  has  pursued  the  study  of  the  ancient 
languages  through  the  intricacies  of  their  idioms,  and  the  difficulties  of 
their  structure  j  who  has  gained  a  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  wide 
fields  of  their  extensive  literature,  and  who  has  amassed  a  copious  fund  of 
the  stores  of  antiquity.     Such  men,  in  better  and  more  studious  days, 
were  Scaliger  and  Salmasius,  and  Grotius  and  Casaubon,  and  such  uames 
are  followed  by  those  of  Spauheim,  and  subsequently  of  Bentley  and  of 
Hemsteerhuis.    VVarburton  was  the  last  among  us  who  possessed  much  of 
this  learning,  which  extended,  with  the  old  scholars,  over  the  oriental 
languages  as  well  as  the  classical;  but  Warburton's  learning  was  more 
extensive  than  exact.    Bentley  said  of  him,  *  that  his  appetite  was 
stronger  than  bis  digestion ; '  yet  his  stores  of  erudition  were  certainly 
copious.    Now  Johnson  possessed  little  of  this.    He  had  studied  with 
attention  and  delight  a  few  of  the  best  Latin  authors.    His  knowledge  of 
Greek  was  very  confined  j  indeed  he  confessed  to  Dr.  Burney  that  he  knew 
nothing  of  the  Greek  comic  writers  $  and  when  he  borrowed  from  the 
same  person,  Dorville's  Critica  Vannus,  in  which  that  coxcomb  Cornelius 
Pauw's  brains  were  thrashed  and  winnowed,  it  appears  that  the  whole  subject 
of  dispute,  which  was  so  familiar  to  scholars,  was  new  to  him.  Juvenal 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  his  favourite  authors }  Horace,  the  moralist 
and  the  man  of  the  world,  scarcely  less ;  and  he  seems  often  to  have 
dipped  into  Martial.    Others  were  taken  up  iucideutally.    He  who  begins 
the  studies  of  life  upon  no  settled  plan,  will  seldom  conclude  them  with  a 
regular  and  systematic  pursuit.    It  is  Hurd,  we  think,  who  says  that  the 
golden  age  fff  study  is  over  at  thirty.    We  have  the  authority  of  that  fine 
specimen  of  the  last  of  the  old  pedagogues,  Dr.  Samuel  Parr,  for  saying, 
what  is  indisputably  true,  that  Johnson  was  a  good  judge  of  Latin  style, 
though  he  himself  did  not  write  Latin  with  exactness.    Dr.  Parr*  also  told 
us,  that  one  of  Johnson  s  favourite  books  was  the  Polyhistoria  of  Morhoff : 
which  is  indeed  a  very  entertaining  work,  and  possesses  a  vast  fund  of  that 
biographical  and  literary  information,  that  he  loved. 

Now  do  not  let  Johnson's  admirers  blame  us  for  what  we  have  stated 
We  hold  him  in  most  high  estimation.  We  reverence  him  as  a  moralist, 
we  admire  him  as  a  critic,  we  delight  in  him  as  a  conversationist,  and  we 
esteem  him  as  a  great  and  good  man.  We  love  Johnson  much,  but  truth 
more.  Yet  we  will  not  close  without  another  word.  Though  we  said 
that  Johnson's  scholarship  was  much  confined,  yet  what  he  possessed  was 
always  at  command.  It  was  not  indeed  of  the  finest  texture,  but  it  was  very 
serviceable.  Johnson  would  have  written  twenty  Latin  odes,  before  Gray 
could  have  finished  one.  They  would  not  have  been  so  elegant  or  so  classi- 
cal as  Gray's,  but  they  would  have  been  composed  without  labour  or  delay. 
He  would  have  conversed  iu  Latin  f  with  more  fluency  and  readiness  than 


tion  of  one  of  the  eminent  scholars  of  his  time,  told  us — that  he  had  never  read  but 
QHt  of  the  plays  of  /Escbylus,  and  none  of  Aristophanes. 

*  When  we  once  met  Dr.  Parr  travelling  in  a  stage  coach,  with  his  book  in  his  hand, 
we  were  curious  to  see  who  was  his  companion.  It  was  the  lsagoge  in  Eruditionem,  by 
M.G  caner,  which  he  much  commended.  We  shall  never  forget  the  learned  Doctor's 
blowing  up  a  waiter  for  charging  him  sixpence  for  a  glass  of  sherry :  and  we  shall 
likewise  remember  his  eloquent  eulogy  on  Koscoe  and  his  library. 

t  We  never  heard  but  oue  scholar  who  conversed  familiarly  and  readily  in  Greek-* 

need  we  mention  him — the  prcacut  Bishop  of  LI  . 

Gent.  Mac  Vol.  IV.  3  N 

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[Nov. 


Porson,  or  perhaps  Parr.  His  memory  too  was  stored  abundantly  with  many 
of  the  finest  passages  of  antiquity,  which  he  introduced  with  propriety  and 
grace.  We  do  not  know,  after  all,  that  we  shonld  not  prefer  his  limited  scho- 
larship to  Parr's,  for  all  purposes  of  utility,  because  a  very  recondite  erudi- 
tion must  be  purchased  at  a  vast  expense  and  by  sacrifices  perhaps  too 
great.  Johnson's  learning  was  in  his  purse  as  well  as  his  chest,  it  was 
always  available :  suitable  to  his  other  attainments.  It  was  used  by  him 
for  ornament,  for  illustration,  for  example.  It  added  the  weight  of  its 
authority  to  a  moral  sentence  ;  and  it  adorned,  by  the  elegance  of  its  illus- 
tration, a  critical  opinion.  In  what  is  called  modern  literature,  Johnson 
was  rich  almost  beyond  the  aspirations  of  rivalry  ;  but  we  do  not  estimate 
highly  the  delicacy  or  discrimination  of  his  taste.  It  is  not  always  easy  in 
his  critical  opinions  to  determine  between  what  is  erroneous  in  his 
judgment,  and  defective  and  capricious  in  his  temper  ;  to  know  whether 
he  was  illiberal  and  perverse,  or  whether  he  was  too  indolent  to  form 
correct  opinions,  or  had  not  the  taste  to  rise  into  the  higher  regions  of 
excellence.  He  disliked  Gray's  poetry,  and  he  called  his  prose  poor  stuff 
— was  this  a  prejudice  of  temper,  or  a  deficiency  of  taste?  perhaps  thev 
cannot  be  entirely  separated :  and  so  we  shall  conclude  with  expressing 
our  full  agreement  in  the  sentiments  of  a  writer  who  always  accompanies 
his  philosophical  investigations  with  the  most  indulgent  spirit  of  criticism, 
when  be  says,  "  To  myself  (much  as  I  admire  his  great  and  various 
merits,  both  as  a  critic  and  a  writer)  human  nature  never  appears  in  a 
more  humiliating  form  than  when  I  read  his  Lives  of  the  Poets,  a  per- 
formance which  exhibits  a  more  faithful,  expressive,  and  curious  picture  of 
the  author,  than  all  the  portraits  attempted  by  his  biographers  j  and  which 
in  this  point  of  view  compensates  fully  by  the  moral  lessons  it  may 
suggest,  for  the  critical  errors  which  it  sanctions.  The  errors,  alas  !  are 
not  such  as  any  one  who  has  perused  his  imitations  of  Juvenal,  can  place 
to  the  account  of  a  bad  taste,  but  such  as  had  their  root  in  weaknesses, 
which  a  noble  mind  would  be  still  more  unwilling  to  acknowledge."  * 

It  is  our  intention  in  the  next  and  some  following  numbers,  to  follow 
the  volumes  of  this  work ;  aud  to  make  those  remarks  on  the  circumstances 
mentioned  in  Bos  we  11' 8  narrative,  that  we  may  consider  useful  either  in 
correcting  any  errors  of  the  Commentators,  or  supplyiug  any  additional 
information. 


DIARY  OF  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 
{Continued  from  p.  238.) 
1810. 

Oct.  26.  The  remarks  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  on  the  Penal  Code  of 
China,  are  excellent.  They  justly  ridicule  the  attempted,  exact,  previous 
adaptation  of  pains  to  offences  in  the  Chinese  Code,  and  which  some 
modern  philosophers  have  wished  to  introduce  in  our  own  ;  and  they 
observe,  that  to  determine  the  point  at  which  the  danger  of  com- 
mitting something  to  the  discretion  of  the  judge,  becomes  less  than  that 
of  tying  hiin  down  by  directions  altogether  inflexible,  is  one  of  the  most 
difficult  problems  in  the  science  of  legislation  j  and  which  can  only  be 
determined  in  even*  particular  country  by  a  thorough  consideration  of  the 

Sec  Professor  D.  Stewart's  Philosophical  Essays,  4to.  p.  -191. 

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Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


45y 


character  of  the  people,  and  the  habits  of  its  law-officers.  The  peculiar 
and  capital  defect  in  the  Chinese,  they  maintain  at  the  close,  is  the  total 
want  of  the  principle  of  honour,  which  renders  a  Code  that  would  be 
intolerably  burdensome  from  its  minute  busy  interference  anywhere  else, 
expedient  as  a  suppletory  regimen  there. 

Oct.  3 1 .  Pursued  Rees's  Cyclopaedia.  The  superlative  praises  bestowed 
upon  Fox,  do  not  appear  to  me  borne  out  by  the  achievements  of  his  life. 
The  opening  and  the  close  of  his  political  career  were  both  unhappy  for 
his  fame,  and  perhaps  he  owes  much  of  that  fame  to  his  having  been  so 
long  in  opposition,  and  so  little  in  power. — Began  Scott's  '  Lady  of  the 
Lake  and  could  not  resist  reading  the  three  first  Cantos  ;  carried  delight- 
fully along  by  the  interest  of  the  story,  the  beauty  and  freshness  of  the 
images,  and  the  touching  sweetness,  delicacy,  and  pathos  of  the  sentiments, 
diffusing  over  the  whole  an  exquisite,  delicious,  and  entrancing  charm, 
beyond  any  thing,  1  think,  in  any  descriptive  poetry  : — to  instance  only 
in  the  third  Canto,  what  touches  are  there  !  Speaking  of  the  mountain 
reflections  on  Loch  Katrine  : 

In  bright  uncertainty  they  lie, 
Like  future  joys  in  fancy's  eye. 

Again ; 

The  bubbles  where  they  launch  the  boat, 
Were  all  unbroken  and  afloat ; 
Dancing  in  foam  and  ripple  still, 
When  it  had  near'd  the  mainland  hill. 

— and, 

The  tear  that  gather'd  in  his  eye 
He  left  the  mountain  breeze  to  dry. 

An  imperfect  light  on  a  deep  recess  diffusing  : 

Such  a  glimpse  as  Prophets  eye 
Gains  on  thy  depth,  Futurity  1 

—and, 

The  lance's  point  a  glimmer  made 

Like  glowworm  twinkling  through  the  shade. 

"  The  sickening  pang  of  Hope  deferr'd,'  is  from  Sterne ;  and  I  am  afraid 
that  an  eagle  pois'd  in  mid-heaven,  cannot  throw  a  '  broad  shadow  o'er  the 
lake/  thongh  she  may  silence  the  warblers  round  it.  My  knowledge  of 
the  exquisite  scenery  of  Loch  Katrine,  adds  greatly  to  the  interest  of  the 
Poem. 

Nov.  2.  Finished  Pt.  i.  Vol.  15.  of  Rees's  Cyclopaedia.  The  expression — 
*  French  School  of  Engraving/  quoted  from  a  French  author  respecting 
Baudet's  style  of  engraving,  which,  though  neat,  was  cold  aud  mechanical — 
'  that  the  manner  accuses  the  metal/  is  uncommonly  and  eminently  happy. 
Under  *  Fresco '  it  is  happily  observed  that  the  oil  painter  gradually  and 
progressively  illuminates  his  objects,  and  vivifies  bis  colours,  like  nature 
with  the  rising  -sun  ;  but  that  a  painter  in  fresco,  roust  rush  at  once  into 
broad  daylight. — Head  Frskine's  Speeches  in  defence  of  Captain  Baillie, 
and  against  the  Monopoly  of  Almanacks,  at  the  Bar  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons ;  and  was  less  struck  in  both  instances  with  the  vigour  of  his  argu- 
mentation, and  the  fervid  glow  of  his  empassioned  eloquence,  than  with 
the  tone  of  manly  independence  and  determined  resistance  to  oppression, 
which  thus  early  distinguished  his  forensic  career.  There  is  a  little  of 
the  rhetorical  divisions  of  a  young  orator  in  the  first  speech  j  but  they 
vanish  in  the  blaze  of  his  declamation.  Read  his  Speeches  on  the  Dean 
of  St.  Asaph's  Case :  for  boldness  of  spirit  and  vigour  of  reasoning,  un- 


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[Xov. 


rivalled,  I  should  suppose,  by  any  effusions  from  the  Bar.  I  cannot  help 
thinking  his  argument  for  the  rights  of  Juries  in  cases  of  Libel,  absolutely 
conclusive  and  unanswerable  ;  their  function  in  such  cases  would  otherwise 
be  quite  anomalous ;  and  obviously  see  the  motive  for  such  an  attempted 
restriction  on  their  ordinary  rights— to  favour  the  Crown  and  State  prose- 
cutions j  judges  may  be  safely  trusted,  but  not  juries. 

Nov.  5.  Read  Lord  Mansfield's  Speech  on  discharging  the  Rule  for  a  new 
Trial  in  this  case.  With  all  this  juris  consult i,  artful  preparations  and 
plausible  glozings,  it  is  impossible  to  get  over  with  tolerable  smoothness 
the  objections  which  Erskine  has  so  distinctly,  vividly,  and  forcibly  urged 
against  the  doctrine  which  the  Lord-Chief- Justice  maintains.  Lord  Mans- 
field's alarm  at  the  consequences,  if  the  Law  was  what  the  Statute  has 
since  rendered  it,  now  appears  ridiculous. 

Nov.  7.  Read  the  fourth  and  fifth  Cantos  of  'the  Lady  of  the  Lake/ 
The  narrative  in  the  former  is  feebly  and  languishingly  conducted,  and 
the  space  is  poorly  eked  out  by  the  ballad  of  Alice  Brand.  It  is  a  great 
pity  that  the  story  could  not  have  been  managed  without  a  second  visit 
from  Fitzjames  to  Loch  Katrine — a  most  clumsy  expedient  in  a  main  inci- 
dent.   In  the  combat  betwixt  Fitzjames  and  Roderick  Dhu — 

Each  look'd  to  sun,  and  stream,  and  plain, 
As  what  they  ne'er  might  see  again, 

is  happily  conceived  and  expressed  ;  and  the  whole  combat  is  forcibly  and 
vividly  described. — Read  the  sixth  and  last  Canto  :  The  excellent  and  ad- 
mirable denouement,  so  unexpectedly,  so  delightful,  so  touchingly  exhibited, 
redeems  much  of  the  tame,  and  languid,  that  precedes  it ;  but  the  Poem,  I 
think,  betrays  strong  symptoms  of  having  been  eked  out  j  and  however  su- 
perior it  may  be  deemed  in  correctness  of  outline,  is  truly  greatly  inferior  in 
true  poetic  genius  and  prolific  fancy,  to  either  Marroion  or  the  Lay  of  the 
Last  Minstrel. 

Not;.  10.  In  the  Cyclopaedia  under  Gelee  (Claude  Loraine),  they  remark 
that  his  skies  appear  to  possess  an  inherent  light,  reflecting  and  dis- 
persing it  upon  the  eyes  of  the  spectators,  as  well  as  the  objects  in  the 
pictures.  His  paintings,  they  observe,  are  extremely  difficult  to  copy,  as 
is  his  colouring,  which  is  of  the  most  subtle  nature,  being  the  result  of  one 
tint  laid  on  another. 

Nov.  15.  Read  Krskine's  Speech  in  crimination  of  Paine's  'Age  of 
Reason ;'  which  shows  that  men  are  liberal  enough  while  they  remain 
indifferent  j  but  that  the  most  liberal  become  intolerant  when  opinions 
are  attacked  which  they  warmly  espouse.  Controversial  points  of  the 
Christian  religion,  he  allows  that  every  man  has  a  right  to  investigate ;  bnt 
maintains  that  no  man,  consistently  with  a  law  which  only  exists  under 
its  sanction,  has  a  right  to  deny  its  existence.  He  repeatedly  insists  that 
the  whole  of  our  law  is  founded  upon  the  Christian  religion.  Erskine  is 
fond  of  quoting  Burke,  though  he  intimates  in  a  preceding  speech,  that 
Burke  entertained  but  a  mean  opiuion  of  his  talents. 

Nov.  23.  Read  Lucian's  Dialogue  of  *  Timon  and  Halcyon.*  He  seems 
the  only  one  *  of  the  ancients  who  possessed  true  and  genuine  humour. 
Much  of  his  wit,  no  doubt,  is  lost,  with  the  allusions;  but  many  admirable 


*  Mr.  Green's  scanty  knowledge  of  Greek,  prevented  him  from  understanding  the 
rich  vein  of  wit,  the  incomparable  festivity  of  Aristophanes:  and  Mr.  Mitchell's  clever 
translations  did  not  exist.— Ed. 


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401 


strokes  of  raillery  remain  and  flourish.  Socrates,  in  the  latter  dialogue, 
harangues  like  a  modern  pious  divine  removing  the  scruples  of  sceptics. — 
looked  over  again  the  novel  of  '  Nourjahad,'  and  thought  full  as  well  of  it 
as  what  I  had  expressed  in  my  extracts. 

Nov.  26.  Humboldt  maintains  that  the  darkness  of  complexion  in 
America — the  deposition  of  carbonated  hydrogen  in  the  corpus  mucosum  or 
riticulosum — bears  no  proportion  to  the  heat  of,  and  exposure  to  the  sun  ; 
he  regards  it  as  indigenous  and  unalterable.  While  Humboldt  was  at 
Lima,  an  Indian  died  aged  143  years  ;  he  had  been  married  to  a  woman 
90  years,  who  died  aged  117;  at  130,  he  went  daily  three  or  four  leagues 
on  foot.  The  human  species,  Humboldt  considers  as  varying  in  height 
from  2  feet  4,  to  7  ft.  8. 

Nov.  30.  Looked  in  D.  Stewart's  Essays.  H.  Tooke's  design,  he  con- 
ceives to  be,  to  reduce  all  the  objects  of  human  knowledge  to  the  images 
dimly  transmitted  by  the  senses  ;  and  in  his  philological  support  of  this 
doctrine,  that  Tooke  proceeds  throughout  on  the  false  assumption  that  the 
primitive  meaning  of  any  term  must  be  its  philosophical  one  j  the  tenuity 
of  the  substances,  from  which  the  mind  has  derived  its  name,  indicates, 
Stewart  acutely  remarks,  that  the  applyers  of  these  terms  regarded  it  as 
immaterial. 

Dec.  4.  Read  D.  Stewart's  '  Essays  on  Beauty.'  Beauty,  he  conceives, 
to  have  been  a  term  applied  at  first  only  to  objects  of  sight  ;  and  of  these, 
first  to  colours,  then  to  forms,  then  to  motion  j  and  that  this  enlarge- 
ment in  its  application  arose  not  from  any  common  quality  discoverable 
between  them,  but  from  their  undistinguishable  co-operation  in  producing 
the  same  agreeable  effects,  in  consequence  of  their  being  perceived  by  the 
same  organ  and  at  the  same  instant.  Our  love  of  regular  forms  and  uniform 
arrangements,  he  ascribes  to  the  "sufficient  reason"  of  Leibnitz.  To 
there  being  an  obvious  and  assignable  motive  for  that  disposition,  which  we 
explore  in  vain  in  one,  which,  without  any  apparent  cause,  is  capriciously 
disorderly. 

Dec.  6.  Stewart  distinguishes  between  what  is  intrinsically,  and  what  is 
only  relatively,  beautiful ;  between  what  is  beautiful  in  itself,  and  beauti- 
ful only  in  combination  j  and  considers  much  of  what  Mr.  Price  has  said 
of  the  Picturesque  as  applicable  to  the  latter  species  of  Beauty.  Pic- 
turesque, he  thinks,  is  not  properly  contrasted  with  Beauty,  but  operates 
with  greater  propriety  as  a  qualifying  epithet  to  limit  the  meaning  of  the 
general  term  Beauty :  and  Sublime,  he  thinks,  may  be  employed  in  the 
same  way  with  equal  propriety.  He  proceeds  to  show  in  the  next  chapter, 
how  Beauty  has  been  transferred  from  its  proper  theme — the  objects  of 
sight,  to  moral  qualities ;  and  to  the  objects  of  the  sense  of  hearing,  by 
means  of  association  j  and  seems  disposed  to  regard  this  tralatitious  enlarge- 
ment of  meaning  as  philosophically  just  j  but  I  must  still  think  that  it  is 
only  by  restricting  Beauty  to  its  primitive  and  distinctive  meaning,  that 
we  can  ever  hope  to  explore  its  causes  with  success.  Stewart  objects  to 
Bulfierc's  and  Reynolds's  account  of  Beauty — "that  it  is  the  most  customary 
form  in  each  species  of  objects,"  that  it  does  not  explain  the  beauty  of  the 
species  itself,  nor  why  a  pleasing  effect  should  be  connected  with  those 
qualities  which  are  most  commonly  to  be  observed  in  nature. 

Dec.  8.  Read  Middleton's* Controversy  respecting  Dr.  Waterland's  Vin- 
dication of  Scripture.  Encouraged  by  the  "  Immunities  of  Invisibility," 
Middleton  had  certainly  been  led  to  go  too  far  in  defence  of  Deism  ;  but 
he  abandons  indefensible  positions  with  a  dignity  and  grace,  and  maintains 


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Tub  New  Record  Com  mission. — No.  IV. 


[Nov. 


the  tenable  ground  with  an  ability  and  candour,  which  does  equal  credit  to 
his  head  and  heart ;  a  noble  spirit  shines  through  him,  and  breaks  oat 
finely  at  the  close  of  oue  of  his  Letters  :  "  If  to  live  strictly,"  he  says, 
"  and  thrink  freely — to  practise  what  is  moral,  and  to  believe  what  it 
rational — be  consistent  with  the  sincere  profession  of  Christianity,  then  I 
shall  always  acquit  myself  like  one  of  its  truest  professors."  There  can  be 
little  doubt,  however,  that  at  the  bottom  the  Doctor  was  a  complete 
sceptic  as  to  revealed  religion.  It  appears  from  a  passage  quoted  from 
one  of  Tillotson's  sermons,  that  he  (Middleton)  completely  abandoned  the 
inspiration  of  the  Evangelists. 

Dec.  13.  Read  the  three  first  of  Bolingbroke's  Letters  on  the  Use  of 
History.  None  but  Mr.  Burke  would  be  entitled  to  call  him  shallow  j 
though  I  admit  that  in  the  treatment  of  ancient  history,  which  he  affects 
to  despise,  there  is  an  affectation  of  greater  depth  than  the  writer  really 
possesses. — Read  Sir  T.  Roe's  Journal  of  his  Embassy  from  James  the 
First  to  the  Great  Mogul  j — interesting,  from  the  admirable  simplicity  of 
the  narrative,  and  the  scene  of  barbarous  splendour  which  it  unfolds. 
India  must  have  improved  nearly  as  much  as  Europe  in  government  and 
manners  since  this  period.  The  drunken  Emperor  with  his  maudlin 
humours,  is  very  amusing. 

Dec.  16.  Read  Bemier's  description  of  his  Journey  in  1664,  in  the  train 
of  Aurengzebe  from  Delhi  to  Kashtuere.  The  apparatus  and  magnificence 
of  this  moving  campaign,  including  not  less  than  400,000  persons,  is  most 
strikingly  depicted  j  and  the  intolerable  heats  in  ascending  the  slope  of 
the  mountains  which  form  the  barrier  of  Kashmere,  affectiugly  exhibited. 
Kashmerc  itself  is  described,  just  as  it  has  been  since  represented,  as  an 
insulated  terrestrial  Paradise,  containing  every  gratification  that  nature  can 
afford  to  the  senses.  The  Ethiopian  Ambassadors  described  to  Bernier 
the  source  and  first  course  of  the  Nile,  much  as  Bruce. has  done  ;  and  the 
periodical  swelling  of  that  river  is  ascribed  to  the  periodical  falls  of  rain  in 
/Ethiopia. 


THE  NEW  RECORD  COMMISSION  No.  IV. 

The  Pipe  Roll  of  31**  Henry  I. 
(Concluded  from  p.  360.) 
THE  account*  rendered  by  private  persons  are  so  numerous,  and  embrace  such  a 
variety  of  subjects,  that  we  cannot  do  more  than  present  our  readers  with  such  a  selec- 
tion from  them  as  will  tend  to  give  some  idea  of  the  whole.  We  shall  at  the  same 
time  be  amassing  materials  for  that  which  is  to  be  the  last  subject  for  our  considera- 
tion, the  manner,  namely,  in  which  these  Records  tend  to  illustrate  the  general  condi- 
tion of  society. 

Accounts  were  rendered  of  fines  for  the  purchase  of  offices  and  privileges.  We 
have  already  instanced  the  purchase  of  the  Shrievalty ;  the  following  are  purchases 
of  offices  in  the  King's  Household. 

4  Humphrey  de  Bohun  accounts  for  400  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  be  Steward  of 
the  King's  Household.' — p.  18. 

*  John  Marshal  owes  40  marks  of  silver  for  the  office  of  Master  of  the  Prebends  in 
the  King's  Court."— ibid.* 

•  The  words  are  *  pro  magisterio  in  Curia  Regis  de  libat'  Prebende.'  »  Prebenda- 
ries' were  '  pensioners;'  persons  who  received  allowances,  whether  in  money,  clothes, 
or  any  thing  else.  The  duty  of  this  officer  was  to  see  to  the  delivery  of  these  4  pre- 
bends •  or  *  allowances.'  1 


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1835.]  The  Pipe  Roll  of  31*/  King  Henry  I.  463 

*  William  de  Pontearch  owes  12  marks  of  gold  and  one  ounce  for  the  office  of  Cham- 
berlain  of  the  Court,  and  two  marks  of  gold  for  the  office  of  Chamberlain  of  the  Court 
for  the  use  of  his  brother  Osbert.'— p.  37. 

The  judgment- seat  was  equally  an  object  of  purchase,  thus : — 

•  Richard  Fit*- Alfred,  the  butler,  owes  15  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  sit  with  Ralf 
isset  at  the  King's  Pleas/— p.  101. 


*  Benjamin  accounts  for  3/.  5#.  that  he  may  hold  the  pleas  which  belong  to  the 
Crown.' — p.  91. 

And  the  great  offices  of  state,  thus  :— 

*  The  Chancellor  owes  3006/.  13#.  4d.  for  the  [great]  Seal.'— p.  140. 
So  also  offices  in  corporations, — 

4  Thomas  of  York,  the  son  of  Ulviet,  owes  one  horse  for  the  chase,  that  he  may  be 
an  alderman  in  the  guild  of  the  merchants  of  York.' — p.  34. 

And  many  other  offices  of  various  kinds  as  well  of  dignity  as  of  trust  and  profit. 
Thus, 

*  A  person  whose  name  does  not  appear  accounted  for  40  shillings  that  he  might  be 
keeper  of  the  gate  of  the  castle  of  Appleby.' — p.  143. 

'  Two  brothers  account  for  30  marks  of  silver  for  the  office  44  of  the  gate"  of  the 
castle  of  Exeter.'— p.  156. 

4  Hasculf,  the  forester,  accounted  for  seven  marks  of  silver  for  the  office  44  of  the 
forest"  of  Rutland.'—  p.  87. 

4  Geoffrey  de  Clinton  accounts  for  310  marks  of  silver  for  the  office  41  of  the  treasure" 
atWinton.' — p.  105. 

Of  the  privileges  purchased  some  are  territorial,  thus  : — 

• 

4  Herveius  Bishop  of  Ely  accounts  for  1000/.  that  the  knights  of  the  bishoprick  of 
Ely  may  keep  their  ward  in  the  isle  of  Ely  as  they  did  in  the  castle  of  Norwich.' — p.  44. 

*  Robert  de  Montefort  accounts  for  one  palfrey  and  one  horse  for  the  chase,  that 
his  men  of  Presteton  may  do  the  same  services  to  him  as  they  did  to  his  father.' — 
p.  134. 

4  The  Abbot  of  Fiscamp  owes  60  marks  of  silver  for  a  moiety  of  the  toll  of  the  ships 
at  Wincelesei.'— p.  71. 

1  The  Abbot  of  Tornei  accounts  for  one  mark  of  gold  for  the  market  of  Jacheslei.'— 
p.  49. 

4  Earl  Ralph  of  Chester  owes  twenty  marks  of  silver  that  no  one  may  hunt  between 
the  New  Forest  and  his  [forest]  .'—p.  1 10. 

Many  relate  to  the  administration  of  justice,  thus, — 

4  Lacy  Countess  of  Chester  owes  100  marks  of  silver  that  she  may  administer  justice 
between  her  men  in  her  own  court.' — p.  110. 

4  Ralph  Auenell  accounts  for  10  marks  of  silver,  that  he  may  have  soc  and  sac 
throughout  his  land.'— p.  98. 

4  Uctred  Fit*  Walleof  accounts  for  twenty  marks  of  silver  and  three  palfreys  and 
three  horses  for  the  chase,  for  the  soc  and  sac  wliich  the  King  has  granted  to  him.* — 
p.  36. 

Many  fines  were  paid  for  assistance  in  the  prosecution  of  suits  ;  thus — 

4  William  Fitz  Eudo  accounts  for  10  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  may  help  him 
*Sam*t  the  Earl  of  Brittany  concerning  his  land.' — p.  93. 

'  Robert  Greslet  accounts  for  20  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  may  help  him  against 
the  Earl  of  Moriton  in  a  certain  plea.' — p.  114. 

4  Walter,  ton  of  the  Bin  hop  of  London,  owes  ten  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  have 
right  judgment  concerning  the  church  of  llling.'— p.  146. 

4  The  Dean  of  London  accounts  for  20  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  may  assist  him 
against  the  Bishop  in  his  suits.'— p.  148. 

4  Richard  de  Rullos  owes  one  mark  of  silver  that  he  may  be  treated  justly  in  his 
Lord's  Court.'— p.  143. 

•Such  assistance  was  especially  sought  by  the  Jews,  and  occasionally  by  other  per- 
sons, towards  the  recovery  of  debts.    Thus  :— 


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The  Nkw  Record  Commission.— No.  IV. 


[Nor. 


'  Vital!*  Manoeon  and  Reiuibold  his  brother  account  for  100*.  that  they  may  hme 

their  debt  which  Thomas  de  St.  John  owed  them.'— p.  38. 

4  Rubi  Gotsce,  the  Jew,  and  Jacob  and  Manasser  account  for  six  marks  of  gold  that 
the  King  would  help  them  against  Richard  Fitz  Gilbert  respecting  their  debts/ —  p.  148. 

*  The  burgesses  of  Gloucester  owe  30  marks  of  silver  if  by  the  King's  Justice  they 
could  recover  the  money  which  was  taken  away  from  them  in  Ireland.' — p.  77. 

'  Rubi  Gotsce  and  the  Jews  to  whom  Earl  Ralph  was  indebted  owe  10  marks  of  gold 
that  the  King  would  assist  them  against  the  Earl  respecting  their  debts/ — p.  149. 

4  Herbert  cum  Testa  accounts  for  two  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  have  his  debt 
from  the  Abbey  of  Tavistock.'— p.  156. 

Fines  were  also  paid  for  exemption  from  the  authority  of  the  ordinary  courts,  ajdJ 
for  the  royal  interference  in  pending  suits,  by  way  of  prohibition  or  injunction  to 
restrain  their  proceedings.    Thus : — 

4  Hasculf  Fits  Ridiou  accounts  for  40*.  and  one  war-horse  for  the  respite  of  a  cer- 
tain plea  until  the  King  should  come  into  England.' — p.  26. 

4  Adam  Tisun  aecounts  for  15  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  not  plead  for  his  land 
until  the  son  of  Nigel  de  Albini  be  a  knight.' — p.  34. 

4  Nigel  de  Ramenton  accounts  for  10  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  not  answer  the 
claim  of  M  or  card  respecting  his  father's  land.' — p.  11. 

4  Girald  Fitz  William  accounts  for  20*.  for  the  respite  of  Edward  his  man  concern- 
ing the  man  whom  he  slew.' — p.  155. 

Occasionally  this  interference  extended  to  an  alteration  of  the  sentence  pronounced 
by  the  ordinary  tribunals ;  and  at  other  times  even  to  a  general  pardon  ;  thus — 

1  Ernald  Fits  Enisand  owes  10  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  "have  peace  respecting 
the  men  whom  he  killed.' — p.  75. 

4  Osbert  of  Leicester  owes  200  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  would  forego  his  dis- 
pleasure against  him  and  Osbert  his  clerk.'— »p.  82. 

4  William  Fitz  Roger,  of  Pont  Aleric,  owes  two  marks  of  gold  that  he  may  have 
peace  respecting  the  death  of  William  del  Rotur.  And  if  any  one  has  appealed  him, 
that  he  may  defend  himself  by  law.' — p.  102. 

4  Robert  d'Avranches  accounts  for  170  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  would  pardon 
him  his  displeasure  concerning  the  daughter  of  Geldewin  de  Dol.' — p.  155. 

Another  branch  of  the  fines  here  mentioned  is  composed  of  those  paid  as  punish* 
ments.  These  are  so  numerous  that  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  give  an  idea  of  then  in 
the  very  few  for  which  we  can  afford  space. 

4  Nigel  of  Dunecaster  accounts  for  20  marks  of  silver  for  the  forfeiture  of  his  sons 
who  killed  one  man.' — p.  32. 

4  Alfred  of  Cheaffcword  accounts  for  40*.  for  beating  a  rustic.* — p.  55. 

4  Roger  Fitz  Elyon,  the  shieldmaker,  accounts  for  seven  marks  of  silver  for  the  thief 
whom  he  concealed.' — p.  73. 

4  Liulf  of  Aldredesley  accounts  for  200  marks  of  silver  and  10  horses  for  hunting 
and  10  hawks  for  the  death  of  Gomel. ' — p.  75. 

4  Anschetill,  the  priest  of  Bury,  accounts  for  ten  marks  of  silver  for  his  words  which 
he  could  not  prove.' — p.  85. 

4  Blehien  dc  Mabuder  and  his  brothers  owe  seven  marks  of  silver  on  account  of  the 
daughter  of  Bleher,  whom  they  forcibly  ravished.' — p.  90. 

4  The  men  of  Catmaur  owe  40*;  on  account  of  the  Bishop  of  Sarum's  man,  whom 
they  killed.'— p.  90. 

4  Hugh  Fitz  Ansger  accounts  for  20*.  for  false  testimony.' — p.  97. 

4  Alan  de  Valauis  accounts  for  70J.  on  account  of  the  death  of  a  servant  of  the 
King.'— p.  100. 

4  Payne  de  Braios  accounts  for  100  marks  of  silver  for  his  men  who  were  accused 
concerning  the  King's  boars.' — p.  103. 

4  Geoffrey  Luuct  owes  9/.  13*.  4d.  on  account  of  the  fealty  which  he  unjustly  took 
of  a  certain  man.' — p.  105. 

4  Geoffrey  de  Bechesiet  accounts  for  15  marks  of  silver  for  two  murders  for  which 
he  was  impleaded.' — p.  125. 

4  The  Jews  of  London  account  for  2000/.  on  account  of  the  sick  man  whom  they 
killed.'— p.  149. 

2 


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1835.]  Thi  Pipe  Roll  of  31tf  King  Henry  I.  465 

A  curious  branch  of  the  fines  are  those  relating  to  marriage.  The  following  are 
examples : — 

*  Gilbert  de  MaJsnil  accounts  for  10  marks  of  silver  that  the  King  would  grant  him 
permission  to  marry.' — p.  8, 

1  Robert  de  Lusor  accounts  for  8/.  St.  %d.  that  he  may  marry  the  sister  of  Ilbert  de 
Lacy.' — p.  8. 

*  Walter  de  Cancdus  accounts  for  15/.  that  he  may  marry  according  to  his  plea- 
sure . '  — p .  26. 

*  Walter  Fits  Richard  Fits  Hermer  accounts  for  11/.  13s.  Ad.  that  his  mother  may 
take  a  husband  according  to  her  pleasure.' — p.  92. 

^  *  Wiuerona,  the  wife  of  Euerwacer  of  Ipswich,  accounts  for  4/.  and  one  mark  of 
surer,  that  she  shall  not  take  for  a  husband  any  person  whom  she  does  not  like.' — p.  96. 

*  Lucy  the  Countess  of  Chester  owes  500  marks  of  silver  that  she  may  not  be  com- 
pelled to  marry  for  five  years.' — p.  1 10. 

Fines  for  grants  of  custodies  are  equally  at  variance  with  our  modern  notions.  The 
following  are  instances  : — 

*  John  d'Oberville  accounts  for  five  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  have  the  land  of 
Peter  his  uncle  in  custody  until  he  returns  from  Jerusalem.' — p.  33. 

4  William  de  Pontearch  owes  100/.  and  three  marks  of  gold  for  the  custody  of  the 
land  of  Walter  the  son  of  Uluric,  the  huntsman,  until  his  heir  is  able  to  hold  land.'— 
p.  37. 

*  Turgis  of  Avranches  accounts  for  300  marks  of  silver  and  one  mark  of  gold  and 
one  war  horse,  for  the  land  and  wife  of  Hugh  de  Albertiville  and  to  have  his  son  in 
his  custody  until  be  is  twenty  years  of  age.' — p.  67. 

4  Baldwin  of  Driebi  accounts  for  seven  score  marks  of  silver  that  he  may  have  in  his 
custody  Ralph,  the  son  of  Symeon  of  Driebi,  with  all  his  lands,  until  he  is  of  age  to 
become  a  knight.' — p.  119. 

4  William  Croc  accounts  for  two  hundred  marks  of  silver  and  two  marks  of  gold  for 
[the  custody  of]  the  daughter  of  Herbert  the  Chamberlain, with  her  marriage.' — p.  125. 

But  we  must  hasten  onwards,  and  shall  therefore  bring  this  division  of  our  subject 
to  a  close  with  a  few  of  the  passages  upon  these  Rolls,  which  are  illustrative  of  the 
historical  events  of  the  period. 

*  Brand,  the  Mint  master,  accounts  for  20/.  that  he  might  not  be  dismembered  with 
the  other  Mintmasters.' — p.  42. 

This  refers  to  a  transaction  of  peculiar  severity,  which  is  related  in  the  Saxon  Chro- 
nicle under  the  year  1125.  The  King  being  then  in  Normandy,  transmitted  orders 
into  England  that  all  the  Mintmen  should  be  mutilated  in  a  peculiar  and  dreadful 
manner.  The  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  who  governed  the  realm  in  the  King's  absence, 
summoned  them  all  to  Winchester  at  Christmas,  and  '  when  they  came  thither,1  says 
the  chronicler,  *  they  were  taken  one  by  one'  and  mutilated  in  the  manner  directed- 
1  And  that,'  he  continues,  4  was  all  in  perfect  justice  because  that  they  had  undone  all 
the  land  with  the  great  quantity  of  base  coin  that  they  all  bought.*— (Ingram's  Sax. 
Chron.  p.  351.)  There  are  several  other  entries  which  allude  to  this  transaction,  and 
it  would  appear  that  in  addition  to  the  punishment  mentioned  by  the  chronicler,  all 
the  coined  money  in  their  possession  was  forfeited.  Vide  p.  94,  136.  Brand  was  the 
Mintmaster  of  Chichester. 

In  the  accounts  of  the  sheriff  of  the  counties  of  Dorset  and  Wilts,  there  occurs  an 
allowance  in  the  following  words  : — 

'  In  the  livery  of  Robert  de  Belisme,  18/.  5s.  numbered  money,  and  in  clothes  for 
the  same,  40*.  numbered  money.' — p.  12. 

The  person  to  whom  this  entry  alludes  was  the  great  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  whose 
power  enabled  him  for  a  long  time  to  set  the  Crown  at  defiance.  Rather  than  submit 
to  the  Royal  Court,  he  summoned  his  retainers,  fortified  his  castles  of  Arundel,  Bridge- 
north,  and  Shrewsbury,  end  held  them  against  the  royal  authority.   At  length  Henry 

Gsxr.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  3  O 


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466 


The  New  Record  Commission. — No.  IV.  [Nov. 


made  peace  with  htm,  upon  condition  that  he  should  quit  the  kingdom  and  reside  alto- 
gether in  Normandy,  where  he  is  stated  to  have  possessed  thirty-four  castles.  So 
powerful  a  subject  could  not  avoid  being  mixed  up  with  all  the  troubles  of  his  time, 
und  in  the  end  Henry  procured  him  to  be  arrested  and  thrown  into  prison.  This  took 
place  in  Normandy  in  the  year  1112.  In  the  following  year,  •  in  the  summer  he  sent 
Robert  de  Belesme  into  this  land  to  the  castle  of  Wareham/  (Sax.  Chron.  a.d.  1113.) 
During  the  long  remainder  of  his  life  this  once  powerful  but  cruel  and  dangerous  man 
remained  in  the  prison  to  which  he  was  thus  conveyed,  and  there,  after  a  lapse  of  six- 
teen years,  this  entry  proves  him  to  have  been  still  confined. 

Another  celebrated  prisoner,  of  whom  there  is  frequent  notice  in  these  Rolls,  is  the 
Earl  of  Moreton,  or  Mortaigne,  who  was  captured  at  the  battle  of  Tenchebrai,  in  1 106. 
He  was  confined  in  the  Tower  of  London,  and  in  the  accounts  of  the  sheriffs  of  that 
city  are  the  following  entries : — 

4  In  the  livery  of  the  Earl  of  Moriton,  12/.  12*.  6<f.  by  tale.  And  for  clothes  for 
the  said  earl  65*.  by  tale.  And  in  the  livery  of  the  Serjeants  who  have  custody  of  the 
earl,  and  the  watchmen  and  gate-keepers  of  the  Tower,  121. 13*.  Ad.  by  tale.* — p.  143. 

A  third,  and  yet  more  illustrious  prisoner  here  mentioned,  is  Robert  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, the  King's  brother.  This  unfortunate  prince  was  another  of  the  prisoners 
taken  at  the  battle  of  Tenchebrai,  in  1106.  He  was  confined  in  various  parts  of 
England  for  a  period  of  not  much  less  than  thirty  years,  and  ultimately  died  at  Cardiff, 
at  a  very  advanced  age.    The  following  entries  have  reference  to  him  :— 

4  In  the  livery  of  the  Archbishop  of  Rouen,  and  in  clothes  for  the  Earl  of  Nor- 
mandy, 23/.  10*.  by  tale.' — p.  144. 

•  In  payments  by  the  King's  writ  to  Fulchered  Fits  Walter,  12/.  4  pro  estruct.'*  for 
the  Earl  of  Normandy.'— p.  148. 

These  entries  occur  in  the  accounts  for  London,  where,  it  may  be  inferred,  he  was 
at  that  time  confined. 

At  p.  64  there  is  an  entry  of  little  moment  in  itself,  but  which  furnishes  a  curious 
corroborative  proof  of  the  truth  of  the  date  fixed  by  Mr.  Hunter,  and  a  confirmation 
also  of  the  accuracy  of  the  Saxon  monastic  chroniclers : — 

•  In  repairing  the  bridge  of  Rochester  against  the  coming  of  the  King,  3*-  Ad.1 

We  find  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  under  the  year  1130,  the  year,  be  it  remem- 
bered, to  which  this  Roll  is  now  assigned,  that  the  King  having  been  at  Canterbury, 
<  on  the  4th  day  after  the  nones  of  May,'  proceeded  thence  to  Rochester  '  on  the 
fourth  day  thereafter,'  and  that  whilst  he  was  there  the  monastery  of  SL  Andrew  was 
consecrated.  No  doubt  this  is  '  the  coming  of  the  King*  alluded  to  in  the  passage  we 
have  quoted. 

It  is  worthy  of  notice,  that  in  the  accounts  of  the  sheriffs  of  London  are  entries  of 

the  following  payments : — 

4  In  erecting  two  arches  of  London  Bridge,  25/.  by  tale.  In  buildings  at  the  Tower 
of  London,  17/.  0*.  Grf.  by  tale.'— p.  144. 

There  are  several  entries  scattered  throughout  the  volume  of  allowances  for  a  corody 
for  the  King  of  Scotland,  in  coming  into  England  to  the  court  of  Henry  L  and  after- 
wards in  returning  home.  We  have  not  found  in  the  historians  of  this  period  any 
mention  of  this  visit,  although  a  similar  previous  visit  of  peculiar  political  importance 
which  took  place  in  the  year  112G  is  recorded.    This  circumstance  has  misled  some 

•  We  are  ignorant  of  the  meaning  of  this  word,  It  occurs,  as  far  as  we  have  noticed, 
only  upon  two  previous  occasions  t-^at  p.  146,  4  17  marks  of  silver  for  one  ettruct  and 
one  palfrey.'    And  at  p.  147,  4  10/.  for  one  ettruct  which  the  King  had.'  Perhaps 

some  of  our  readers  c:n  eulighteu  us? 


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1835.]  The  Pipe  Roll  of  3U*  King  Henry  L  467 

persons  in  considering  the  date  of  this  record,  but  sorely  without  cause.  David  and 
Henry  were  upon  excellent  terms,  and  there  are  occasional  traces  in  the  chroniclers, 
and  in  this  record,  of  the  influence  of  the  Scottish  King  over  his  powerful  contempo- 
rary. There  cannot  be  any  good  reason  for  supposing  that  every  visit  he  made  to 
England  has  been  recorded  in  the  Chronicles,  nor  ought  it  to-  be  thought  that  the 
certainty  with  which  Mr.  Hunter's  date  is  fixed  by  other  circumstances,  is  at  all  shaken 
by  the  fact  that  there  is  no  evidence  except  this  Roll  to  prove  that  the  visit  in  ques- 
tion took  place  in  the  year  1130.  It  is  unquestionable,  from  the  mode  in  which  the 
payments  are  recorded,  that  the  King  of  Scotland  did  come  into  England  in  the  year 
to  which  the  Roll  belongs,  and  indeed  the  period  of  his  coming  and  returning  are 
pretty  nearly  fixed  in  the  following  manner The  King's  demesne  Honor  of  Blida, 
is  accounted  for  by  two  persons,  each  rendering  account  for  half  a  year.  One  of  them, 
therefore,  accounted  from  Michaelmas  1129  to  Lady  Day  1130,.  and  the  other  from 
that  period  to  Michaelmas  1130.  Now  in  each  of  these  accounts  there  is  a  corody 
for  the  King  of  Scotland.  (Vid.  p.  9  and  p.  36.)  He  must,  therefore,  have  passed 
through  Blida  once  between  Michaelmas  1129  and  Lady  Day  1130,  and  once  between 
that  time  and  Michaelmas  in  that  year.  In  the  instance  of  the  account  for  Yorkshire, 
which  relates  to  the  whole  year,  there  is  a  charge  4  for  a  corody  for  the  King  of  Scot- 
land, in  coming  to  the  court  and  returning.'— p.  24.  And  in  the  account  for  North- 
umberland, which  is  also  an  account  for  the  whole  year,  the  fact  is  even  more  dig* 
tinctly  expressed :— '  for  a  corody  for  the  King  of  Scotland  in  coming  to  the  court  of 
the  King  in  England,  and  returning  from  England  into  Scotland.'— p.  35.  We  think 
that  Mr.  Hunter,  upon  reconsideration  of  this  subject,  will  see  reason  for  altering  the 
statements  respecting  this  visit  of  the  King  of  Scotland,  at  p.  six  of  his  preface » 

We  had  marked  many  other  passages  for  extract  and  remark,  but  our  decreasing 
space  warns  us  to  advance  to  the  concluding  portion  of  our  subject. 

The  condition  of  the  bulk  and  body  of  the  people  is  one  great  token  of  the  general 
state  of  society.    All  the  institutions  of  government  silently,  perhaps,  and  gradually, 
but  certainly,  take  their  tone  from  the  condition  of  those  who  constitute  the  mass  of 
every  society,  and  if  there  be  but  a  little  of  the  1  leaven'  of  freedom  amongst  the 
people,  it  is  soon  found  4  to  leaven  the  whole  lump.'    Hence  the  importance,  in  all 
historical  inquiries,  of  considering  the  actual  condition  of  the  people  ;  hence,  again, 
the  value  of  records  in  the  minute  entries  of  which  this  subject  may  be  studied  far 
more  effectually  than  in  the  disquisitions  of '  your  philosophers ;'  hence,  finally,  the 
unappreciable  value  of  a  continuous  series  of  records  like  our  Pipe  Rolls,  in  which 
may  be  traced  the  progress  of  our  free  institutions  from  their  origin  up  to  that  '  full-' 
blown  dignity '  in  which  we  now  behold  them.    In  the  Record  before  us  we  ascend 
to  the  very  birth-place  of  these  institutions,  and  find  the  people,  who  are  their  sub- 
jects, in  a  state,  so  far  as  concerns  legal  rights,  nearly  approaching  to  the  condition 
of  slaves.    With  few  exceptions,  the  inferior  ranks  of  the  people  are  to  be  traced,  in 
this  volume,  either  as  the  vassals  of  some  lord,  who  was  responsible  to  the  law  for 
their  actions,  and  paid  the  fines  assessed  on  account  of  their  dehnqnencies,or  amongst  the 
4  minuSi  homines'  of  the  counties  over  whom  the  sheriff  exercised  probablyan  almost  un- 
controlled authority.  Thus,  to  select  instances  at  random,  at  p.  55,  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don and  Robert  Fits  Richard  are  both  found  accounting  for  their  vassals.    The  former 
for  «his  men  of  Clachestona,'  and  the  latter  4  for  a  certain  man  belonging  to  him.' 
Instances  of  the  accounts  rendered  by  the  sheriffs  for  the  *  minuti  homines'  or  lowest 
class  of  tenants  within  their  jurisdictions,  are  to  be  found  in  almost  every  county. 
See  pp.  56, 103,  etc.    Even  here,  however,  we  can  find  clear  indications  of  the  growing 
wealth,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  increasing  importance  of  the  humbler  classes, 
^hen  freedom  was  purchaseable,  there  were  soon  found  men  whose  industry  placed 
toem  b  a  situation  to  become  its  purchasers.   When  he  who  applied  to  the  King, 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


468  Tue  New  Record  Commission — No.  IV.  [Xovl 

taking  In  his  hand  a  gift,  could  obtain  liberty  and  protection,  ft  would  soon  become 
the  custom  1  to  fly  from  petty  tyrants  to  the  throne.'  The  following  entries  afford 
clear  indications  of  such  a  custom. 

*  Robert  de  Cealsa  accounts  for  seven  marks  of  silver,  that  Symon  de  Belcamp,  his 
lord,  should  not  give  his  services  without  his  consent.' — p.  62. 

'  William  Fitz  Otho  accounts  for  367.  Ot.  \0d.  that  he  may  no  longer  have  a  master 
over  him/— p.  145. 

But  it  is  in  the  aggregate  that  the  importance  of  the  lower  classes  is  first  felt  by 
themselves,  and  first  becomes  apparent  to  their  superiors.  Hence  the  origin  of  cor- 
porate privileges,  which  gave  to  the  mass  a  dignity  ami  power  to  which  no  one  indivi- 
dual amongst  them  dared  lay  claim.  Many  instances  of  the  progress  of  these  exclu- 
sive jurisdictions  might  be  quoted  from  this  record,  especially  with  respect  to  the 
King's  *  Aamfae*,'  or  the  tenants  of  his  demesne  lands,  and  the  '  homines,'  or  tenants 
of  lords,  whose  lands  had  come  into  the  King's  hands.  Some  of  these  particulars 
have  previously  fallen  under  our  notice. 

The  ignorance  of  the  people  may  be  inferred  from  the  extraordinary  practice  of  the 
trial  by  ordeal — a  delusion  as  singular  as  the  belief  in  witchcraft.  But  it  is  not  merely 
the  ignorance  of  the  people  that  is  proved  by  this  practice,  but  also  the  prevalence  of 
perjury  amongst  them.  When  the  oath  of  an  accused  person,  and  the  oaths  of  his 
compurgators,  were  known  to  be  unworthy  of  belief,  what  other  resource  was  there 
whereby  justice  might  be  obtained  ?  The  intellect  of  the  time  was  not  strong  enough 
to  devise  any  other  means  than  a  direct  appeal  to  the  Deity,  whose  visible  iuterposi- 
tion  in  favour  of  justice  was  fondly  anticipated.  The  wealthy,  however,  could  defeat 
all  the  devices  of  superstition,  and  the  people  were  cheated  even  out  of  their  favourite 
delusions.    For  instance, 

4  Gospatric,  of  Newcastle,  owes  20  marks  that  he  may  purge  himself  of  the  judg- 
ment of  iron  by  his  oath.' — p.  35. 

*  Matthew  de  Vernon  owes  100  measures  of  wine  for  the  concord  of  a  duel  for  hi» 
brother/— p,  4. 

Perjury  is  usually  found  to  prevail  most  in  that  stage  of  the  progress  of  society  in> 
which  crimes  committed  with  force  abound  the  most.  Such  was  the  case  in  England. 
The  trial  by  ordeal  is  a  convincing  proof  that  the  sanction  of  an  oath  was  misunder- 
stood, or  not  attended  to,  and  we  have  in  these  pages,  and  in  the  number  of  murders 
they  record,  extraordinary  evidence  of  the  prevalence  of  crimes  committed  with  force. 
The  hundred  in  which  a  murder  was  committed,  was  liable  to  an  amercement,  which 
was  collected  and  accounted  for  by  the  sheriff.  These  accounts,  as  they  here  appear, 
arc  of  two  kinds,  one,  for  murders  formerly  committed  and  previously  debited,  and 
perhaps  partly  paid ;  the  other,  for  murders  committed,  or  at  any  event  the  fines  for 
which  had  been  assessed,  during  the  past  year.  The  entries  relating  to  the  first  de- 
scription of  account  art  very  numerous,  but  do  not  affect  our  present  point,  the  latter 


stand  as  follows  :— 

Nottinghamshire  and  Derbyshire   2  murders 

Dorsetshire   4 

Wiltshire   6 

Sussex   ,   9 

Leicestershire    1 

Lincolnshire  *...   3 

Berkshire   4 

Middlesex  (not  including  London)    3 

Devonshire   •   4 

Cornwall   2 


Thirty -eight  murders  committed  in  one  year,  in  a  comparatively  small  part  of  England ! 
The  counties  omitted  may  have  accounted  for  their  murders  in  some  other  manner. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1835.] 


Coins  of  the  Kings  of  Mercia, 


469 


It  ought  also  to  be  noticed,  that  these  murders  were  probably  all  upon  the  persons 
of  Normans,  for,  upon  a  presentment  of 4  Englishery,'  that  is,  that  the  person  killed 
was  an  Englishmen,  the  hundred  would  have  been  excused  its  payment. 

Many  curious  and  valuable  statistical  details  relating  to  the  public  burthens  abound 
throughout  the  volume;  details  from  which  may  be  ascertained  the  comparative 
wealth,  population,  and  importance  of  the  several  counties,  as  well  as  the  amount  of 
the  public  revenue.  The  following  account  shows  the  amount  of  Danegeld  contri- 
buted by  the  several  counties  :— 

*  Oxfordshire,  239/.  9*.  3d.— Nottinghamshire  and  Derbyshire,  108/.  8*.  6d. — 
Dorsetshire,  228/.  5*.— Wiltshire,  388/.  J3*.—  Yorkshire,  165/.  19*.  6d.— North- 
umberland, 100/.—  Isle  of  Wight,  13/.  Is.— Cambridgeshire,  114/.  15*.— Hunting- 
donshire, GOi.  5*.— Surrey,  175/.  Is.— Essex,  236/.  8*.— Hertfordshire,  1 10/.  1*.  4<L 
— Kent,  105/.  2#.  10d.— Sussex,  209/.  18s.  6d.— Staffordshire,  44/.  0».  ^.—Glouces- 
tershire, 179/.  11*.  8<Z. — Northamptonshire,  119/.  5s.  7  tf.— Leicestershire,  100/.— 
Norfolk,  3307. 2s.  2d.— Suffolk,  235/.  0*.  8rf.— Buckinghamshire,  204/.  14*.  Id.—  Bed- 
fordshire, 110/.  12*.— Warwickshire,  128/.  12*.  6t£— Lincolnshire,  probably  about 
260/.  but  the  Roll  is  defective  in  the  part  which  contained  the  amount  remaining  un- 
paid.— Berkshire,  200/.  1*.  3d.— Rutlandshire,  11/.  12*. — Middlesex,  85/.  0*.  6d.— 
Devonshire  more  than  80/.  but  the  Roll  is  defective. — Cornwall,  22/.  15*.  10d.— Total 
of  the  thirty  counties,  4,366/.  17*.' 

The  aids  paid  by  the  cities  and  burghs  were  as  follows : — 

*  The  city  of  Oxford,  20/.— The  burghs  in  Nottinghamshire  and  Derbyshire,  Derby 
being  the  only  one  mentioned,  15/.— The  burghs  in  Dorsetshire,  Dorchester  and  St. 
Edward  being  the  only  burghs  mentioned,  \5L — Burghs  in  Wiltshire,  17/. — The  city 
of  York,  40/.— The  city  of  Winchester,  80/.— Burgh  of  Cambridge,  12/.— Burgh  of 
Huntingdon,  8/. — Burgh  of  Southwark,  41. — Burgh  of  Guildford,  51. — Burgh  of  Hert- 
ford, 10/.— The  city  of  Canterbury,  20/.— Burgh  of  Stafford,  3/.  6*.  8rf.— Burgh  of 
Tarn  worth,  in  Staffordshire,  U.  5*. — The  city  of  Gloucester,  15/. — The  burgh  of  Win- 
chelcombe,  3/.— Norwich,  30/.— The  burgh  of  Thetford,  10/.— Burgh  of  Ipswich,  7/.— 
Burgh  of  Bedford,  5/.— Burgh  of  Tamworth,  in  Warwickshire,  1/.  10*.— The  city  of 
Lincoln,  60/. — Burgh  of  Stamford,  5/.— Burgh  of  Northampton,  10/.— The  city  of 
Colchester,  19/.  19*.  2d.  Burgh  of  Warengeford,  15/.— The  city  of  London,  120/.— 
Total,  552.  0*.  10d.' 

We  might  pursue  this  subject  much  further  in  the  firms  paid  for  the  counties  and 
burghs,  the  censuses  of  the  forests,  and  various  other  payments  which  are  here  re- 
corded ;  but  we  most  forbear,  contenting  ourselves  with  merely  directing  attention  to 
Uiis  branch  of  the  inquiry,  which  we  believe  has  not  hitherto  been  noticed.  The  wide 
extent  of  the  subject  would  lead  us  into  details  which,  however  important,  are  incom- 
patible with  the  many  claims  upon  our  space.  All  persons  who  feel  any  interest  in 
the  state  of  England  at  this  early  period  will  do  well  to  investigate  them  thoroughly. 


Coins  OB  the  I 

Mr.  Urban,  Cork,  Sept.  30. 
IN  the  xxuzd  volume  of  the  Ar- 
chaologia  I  perceive  a  mode  of  arrang- 
ing the  coins  of  Ciolwulf  I.  and  II. 
k  ings  of  Mercia,  communicated  by  Mr. 
Hawkins  to  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, in  which  that  learned  gentleman 
assigns  those  with  Ceolvulf  to  the  first 
king  of  that  name,  and  those  with 
Ciolvulf  to  the  second ;  bat  a  close  in- 
vestigation of  the  subject  having  long 
since  satisfied  my  own  mind  that  not 
only  all  those  with  Ceolvulf,  but  also 
those  with  Ciulvulf  (except  that  pub- 


ngs  op  Mercia. 

lished  by  Ruding,  PI.  7,  No.  2),  belong 
to  the  first  prince  of  that  name,  1 
think  it  right  to  lay  before  you  and 
your  learned  readers  the  grounds  on 
which  I  have  arrived  at  this  conclusion. 

For  this  purpose  it  will  be  necessary 
to  consider,  1st.  the  types ;  2d.  the 
formation  of  the  letters ;  3d.  the  mo* 
neyer's  names ;  4th.  the  word  Doro- 
bernia,  which  occurs  on  one  of  these 
coins. 

Six  of  these  coins  appear  in  Ruding, 
and  ten  in  the  Archseologia,  one  of 
which  last,  PI.  33,  No.  14,  also  occurs 


Digitized  by  Google 


4/0  Coin*  of  the  . 

in  Ruding,  PI.  29,  No.  17  r  and  1  shall 
begin  by  examining  each  of  these  coins 
separately. 

PI.  viii.  Nos.  1  and  2  of  Ruding  bear 
on  the  reverse  types  resembling  those 
of  Burgred,  Nos.  1  to  8  inclusive,  and 
have  by  Ruding  been  given  to  Ciol- 
wulf U. ;  but  a  comparison  of  the  rao- 
neyer's  names,  with  those  of  other 
kings,  (one  of  them,  Hereberht,  being 
found  only  on  the  coins  of  Cocnwulf 
and  Archbishop  Ceolnoth,  and  the 
other,  Oba,  on  those  of  Offa,  Cenedred, 
Coenwulf,  Egbert,  and  Baldred,)  will 
satisfy  us  that  these  coins  belong  to 
Ciolwulfl. 

PI.  33,  No.  3,  of  the  23d  volume  of 
the  Archaeologia,  exhibits,  on  the  re- 
verse, a  type  similar  to  one  found  on 
the  coins  of  Ethelwulf,  Berhtulf,  and 
Ciolvulf,  No.  14  of  same  plate ;  and 
the  moneyer  Sigestef  occurs  on  coins 
of  Coenwulf,  Egbert,  and  Alfred. 

The  reverse  of  No.  4  resembles  that 
of  the  following  in  Ruding :  Offa,  Nos. 
9,  10,  11,  30;  Egbert,  PI.  5,  No.  I; 
and  Coenulf,  No.  19*  all  types  long 
preceding  the  time  of  the  second  Ciol- 
wulf :  the  moneyer  Wothel  does  not 
occur  on  the  coins  of  any  other  king. 

The  reverse  of  No.  5  is  exactly  the 
same,  both  as  to  type  and  moneyer,  to 
that  of  Ludica,  who  succeeded  Ciol- 
wulf  I. 

The  reverses  of  Nos.  6,  7#  8,  are  the 
same  as  that  of  Burgred  Nos.  1  to  8, 
and  Alfred  No.  4.  The  moneyers 
Bertwin,  Woddel,  and  another  which 
I  cannot  read,  are  of  unusual  occur- 
rence, but  that  of  Woddel  is  probably 
the  same  as  Wothel  on  No.  4,  whose 
type,  as  1  have  observed,  is  similar  to 
others  long  preceding  the  time  of  Ciol- 
wulf  II. 

The  type  of  No.  9  differs  from  that 
of  any  other  Anglo-Saxon  coin ;  but 
it  appears  to  be  as  early  as  any  of  the 
preceding. 

All  these  coins  bear  the  name  of 
Ceolwulf ;  and  as  they  are  all  admitted 
by  Mr.  Hawkins  to  belong  to  the  6rst 
king  of  that  name,  I  shall  proceed  to 
notice  those  which  bear  the  name  of 
Ciolwulf,  and  which  Mr.  Hawkins 
assigns  to  Ciolwulf  II. 

PI.  7,  No.  1,  Ruding.  The  type  of 
the  reverse  of  this  coin  occurs  only  on 
Coenulf,  No.  15,  and  Egberht,  No.  4, 
and  the  moneyer  Ealstan  only  on  the 
coins  of  Coenulf,  so  that  without  some 


.iiigs  of  Mercia,  [Nov. 

strong  ad  d  itional  evidence  we  can  h  ardly 
hesitate  in  assigning  this  coin  to  Ciol- 
wulf I. 

PI.  27  Ruding,  is  nearly  the  same  as 
PI.  29,  No.  17  Ruding.  and  PI.  33, 
No.  14  of  the  Archaologia.  The  type 
of  the  reverse  is  similar  to  those  of 
Ceolwulf,  No.  3  of  the  Archaeologia— 
Berthulf  and  Ethelwulf.  The  moneyer 
Eanwlf  occurs  only  on  a  styca  of  Os- 
berht,  and  Ealstan  on  coins  of  Coenulf; 
and  from  both  type  and  moneyers  they 
would  appear  more  likely  to  belong  to 
Ciolwulf  I. 

No.  16  Archaeologia,  presents  a  type 
found  on  all  the  coins  of  most  common 
occurrence,  from  Offa  to  Ethelwulf, 
but  particularly  those  struck  in  the 
early  part  of  the  9th  century  ;  and  the 
moneyer  Ealstan  is  found  only  on  coins 
of  Coenwulf.  These  circumstances 
leave  little  doubt  of  its  belonging  to 
Ciolwulfl. 

We  now  come  to  a  coin,  Archaeolo- 
gia, PI.  33,  No.  15,  which  Mr.  Haw- 
kins considers  as  decisive  of  the  ques- 
tion ;  and  argues  from  its  exhibiting 
the  word  Dorobernia,  that  this  coin, 
which  bears  the  name  of  Ciolwulf,  be- 
longs to  the  second  king  of  that  name ; 
as  he  says  Ceolwulf  I.  who  reigned 
only  one  year,  was,  during  the  whole 
of  that  short  period,  contemporary 
with  Baldred  king  of  Kent,  and  could 
not  have  had  the  power  of  coining 
money  in  Canterbury.  This  position, 
however,  I  must  with  all  deference 
beg  leave  to  dispute.  Rapin  mentions 
that  Coenwulf  king  of  Mercia,  having 
defeated  and  taken  prisoner  Edberht 
king  of  Kent,  placed  on  the  throne  of 
that  kingdom  Cuthred,  who  reigned 
eight  years  his  tributary  and  vassal ; 
after  his  death  Coenwulf  permitted 
Baldred  his  son  to  succeed  him. 

In  a  more  modern  work  also.  Pal- 
grave's  History  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Period  of  the  English  History,  (the  ac- 
curacy of  which,  in  following  the  most 
authentic  accounts  of  more  ancient 
writers,  is  deserving  of  every  praise,) 
we  find,  page  94,  that  Cynewulf  hav- 
ing seized  the  kingdom  of  Kent,  pro- 
claimed himself  king  ;  that  Kent  conti- 
nued thus  subjugated  during  several 
years,  though  the  Mercians  frequently 
appointed  under  kings,  or  dependant 
sovereigns,  who  governed  the  land  as 
vassals  of  the  Mercian  crown.  The  first 
sovereign  of  this  description  s  terthe 


Digitized  by  Go 


1835."]       Styca  of  Abp.  Egoerht.— 'Coins  found  near  Youghal.  471 


Mercian  conquest  being  Cuthred  the 
brother  of  Cynewulf,  who  received  the 
country  as  an  appanage.    In  the  next 
page  Baldred,  the  Mercian  subregulus, 
or  under  Iciny,  is  mentioned  <as  flying 
beyond    the   Thames   from  Egbert. 
These  authorities  will,  I  believe,  be 
considered  sufficient  to  warrant  us  in 
concluding  that  Ciolwulf  I.  not  only 
might  have  coined  money  in  Kent,  but 
that  it  is  exceedingly  probable  that  the 
money  composing  the  tribute  should 
bear  the  head  of  Ciolwulf,  whilst  on 
the  other  band  I  can  find  no  historical 
mention  of  any  connexion  between  the 
second  Ciolwulf  and  the  kingdom  of 
Kent. 

If  then  we  consider  No.  15  as  be- 
longing to  Ciolwulf  I.  we  must  also, 
1  think,  give  to  the  same  prince  all 
those  which  bear  the  name  of  Ciol- 
volf,  except  that  published  in  Ruding, 
PI.  7,  No.  2,  which  single  coin  1  am 
inclined  to  assign  to  Ciolvulf  II.  Mr. 
Hawkins,  in  assigning  the  coins  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Ciolvulf  to  the  second 
prince  of  that  name,  considers  one  of 
the  strongest  arguments  in  support  of 
his  opinion  to  be  the  form  of  the  let- 
ters ;  those  with  Ciolvulf  being  formed 
of  triangular  marks,  and  much  more 
rude  than  those  with  Ceolvulf,  and  the 
letters  H  S  being  on  the  former  coins 
united  in  a  singular  manner.  This 
difference  presents  certainly  a  diffi- 
culty, the  only  one  in  my  opinion 
against  our  assigning  all  these  coins  to 
Ciolwulf  I.  but  this  diflfculty  may  be 
met  by  supposing  them  struck  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  extensive  kingdom 
of  Mercia,  or  one  class  perhaps  in 
Mercia,  and  the  other  in  Kent ;  and 
the  strong  resemblance,  both  as  to 
types  and  moneyers,  which  exists  be- 
tween them  and  the  coins  preceding 
and  contemporary  with  those  of  Ciol- 
"wulf  I.  and  also  between  those  with 
Ceolvulf  and  those  with  Ciolvulf,  to- 
gether with  the  extreme  probability 
that  the  coin  bearing  the  word  Doro- 
bernac  must  have  been  struck  by  Ciol- 
wulf I.  renders  it,  in  my  opinion,  nearly 
certain  that  all  these  coins,  with  per- 
haps the  one  single  exception  I  have 
alluded  to,  belong  to  Ciulwulf  I. :  and 
I  shall  now  offer  one  or  two  observa- 
tions on  that  coin.    It  is  published  in 
Ruding,  PI.  7,  No.  2.    Its  type  re- 
sembles that  of  Offa,  Nos.  9,  10,  11, 
30,  and  also  that  in  Mr.  Hawkins's 


Plate  No.  4  ;  but  the  moneyer  Dealing 
is  only  found  on  coins  of  Alfred ;  and 
a  comparison  of  the  head  on  this  with 
some  of  those  on'coins  of  Alfred,  ren- 
ders it  still  more  probable  that  this 
coin  was  struck  about  the  time  of 
that  prince,  and  consequently  by  Ciol- 
wulf II. 

Before  I  conclude  this  letter,  1  wish 
to  offer  a  few  remarks  on  another 
Anglo-Saxon  coin,  published  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  April  1832, 
page  304,  and  again  in  a  more  accurate 
manner  by  another  correspondent  in 
the  first  Supplement  to  that  year  page 
602.  It  is  a  styca,  bearing  on  one  side 
the  legend  EGBERhT*  AR,  and  which 
belongs,  as  is  admitted  by  both  corre- 
spondents, to  Egbert  Abp.  of  York, 
who  possessed  that  see  from  734  to 
766,  and  was  brother  to  Edbert  King 
of  Northumberland.  The  legend  of 
the  reverse,  if  accurately  given,  is 
ADSALLIV,  which  Mr.  Gordon  reads 
ATHEALBIN,  or  WIN,  and  calls  it 
the  name  of  a  moneyer,  but  which  ap- 
pears to  me  to  be  intended  for  ATH- 
BALD.R,  or  perhaps  ATHBALDVS, 
and  was  probably  the  name  of  Adel- 
wald  King  of  Northumberland,  who 
reigned  from  759  to  765,  during  which 
time  Egbert  was  Abp.  of  York.  And 
if  this  appropriation  is  correct,  it  will 
confirm  (if  indeed  such  confirmation  is 
necessary)  the  appropriation  to  Nor- 
thumberland of  the  coins  formerly,  but 
in  my  opinion  erroneously,  given  to 
Egbert  King  of  Kent. 

Yours,  &c.         John  Lindsay. 


Me.  Urban,  Cork,  Sept.  17. 
IT  has  lately  come  to  my  knowledge, 
that  about  the  year  1830,  a  labourer 
who  was  digging  in  a  field  near  Youg- 
hal, at  the  depth  (as  he  stated)  of 
about  twelve  inches  below  the  surface, 
struck  his  spade  against  an  earthen 
vessel,  which  in  consequence  was 
broken.  It  was  filled  with  silver  coins, 
which,  having  carefully  collected,  he 
brought  to  Cork,  and  sold  to  a  silver- 
smith, who  informed  me  he  paid  the 
countryman  eighty- five  pounds.  The 
weight  of  the  silver  was  between  three 
and  four  hundred  ounces.  One  gen- 
tleman in  Cork  had  the  picking  of  the 
hoard,  and  subsequently  another  in 
Dublin :  what  they  did  not  select  were 
melted.    As  they  were  chiefly  pennies, 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


472 


Family  of  Union  or  Umpton. 


there  should  have  been  about  eight 
thousand  coins ;  and  I  have  heard  it 
supposed  there  were  that  number  at 
least,  of  which  not  more  than  forty 
were  halfpence.  The  great  mult  of 
these  coins  were  English  pennies  of 
Edward  the  First  and  Second,  but  none 
of  Edward  the  Third.  Most  of  them 
from  the  mints  of  London,  Durham, 
Canterbury,  Lincoln,  York,  St.  Ed- 
mondsbury,  Newcastle,  Berwick,  and 
Bristol.  A  few  from  the  mints  of 
Exeter,  Kingston,  and  Hadley ;  one  or 
two  Acquitain  pennies,  but  none  of 
Reading  or  Chester. 

There  were  also  a  great  number  of 
Irish  coins  of  Edward  I.  and  II.  struck 
at  Dublin  and  Waterford,  including 
several  halfpence ;  one  Cork  penny 
and  one  Cork  halfpenny ;  a  Dublin 
penny,  having  the  bust  without  the  tri- 
angle, similar  to  the  English  coinage. 
Of  Scotch  coins,  a  great  number  of 
ennies  of  Alexander  the  Third,  and  one 
alfpenny,  two  or  three  pennies  of 
John  Baliol,  and  a  few  of  Robert  I. 

From  twenty  to  thirty  foreign  ster- 
lings, two  or  three  of  which  are  un- 
published varieties. 

A  few  months  since  a  countryman 
near  Tallow,  found  a  hoard  of  coins, 
chiefly  copper.  A  few  of  the  St.  Pa- 
trick's halfpence;  halfpence  also  of 
Charles  the  Second,  dates  1680, 81, 82, 
and  83  ;  James  the  Second,  1 686  &  88  ; 
William  and  Mary.  1692,  93,  and  94; 
and  William  III.  1696.  A  few  silver 
coins  were  with  them.  English,  from 
Charles  I.  to  William  III.  French  of 
Louis  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth, 
and  Spanish  of  Charles  the  Second. 

Yours,  &c.        R.  S. 


Ma.  Ubban,  Sept.  15. 

IT  may  be  satisfactory  perhaps 
to  your  correspondent,  *  L.  A.'  iu 
p.  226,  to  be  informed,  that  in  the 
second  volume  of  the  'Antiquarian 
Repertory/  there  is  a  short  biographi- 
cal account  of  Sir  Henry  Unton,  or 
Umpton,  accompanied  with  a  portrait. 

The  Sir  Edward  Unton  who  married 
Catharine,  a  daughter  of  the  fourth 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  was  Sir  Henry's 
elder  brother.  Their  sister  Cecil  was 
twice  married  ;  her  first  husband  hav- 
ing been  Sir  John  Wentworth,  of  Gos- 
field-hall,  Essex,  by  whom  she  had 
3 


Sir  John  Wentworth,  knight  and 
baronet,  with  other  children.  She 
married  secondly.  Sir  Edward  Hob- 
bee,  or  Hoby;  and  dying  in  1623, 
was  buried  at  Aston  Rowant,  in  Ox- 
fordshire. 

Her  brother,  Sir  Edward,  having 
been  slain  in  the  '  Portugal  Voyage,' 
undei  taken  in  the  years  1589,  1590, 
and  1591,  Sir  Henry  succeeded  to  the 
family  property ;  and  he  having  died 
in  1595,  administration  to  his  effects 
was,  shortly  afterwards,  issued  to 
Cecil  and  her  husband. 

Skelton,  in  his '  Oxfordshire,'  alludes 
to  Aston  Rowant  as  being  an  ancient 
possession  of  the  Untons ;  but  I  have 
much  doubt  on  this  point.  It  belonged 
certainly  to  Sir  Alexander  Unton, 
grandfather  of  the  said  Edward,  Henry, 
and  Cecil,  who  made  his  will  in  1547 ; 
but  it  is  not  mentioned  either  in  the 
will  made  in  1533,  of  their  great 
grandfather.  Sir  Thomas  Unton;  that 
proved,  about  two  years  afterwards, 
of  his  widow.  Dame  Elizabeth  Unton ; 
or  in  the  will  of  their  younger  son 
Thomas,  proved  in  1543. 

Portions  of  the  Unton  property  situ- 
ate in  Stokenchurch,  a  hamlet  of  As- 
ton Rowant,  were  purchased  by  the 
Tipping  family;  and  some  of  it  is,  I 
believe,  in  possession  at  this  day  of 
their  representatives  ;  who  (see  Lys- 
sons's  Berks,  fitc.)  are  the  Wrough- 
tons. 

The  Unton  Pedigree  in  Ashmole,  be- 
gins with  Hugh,  the  father  of  Sir 
Thomas,  and  I  much  suspect  that  the 
following  party,  who  had  respectable 
property  at,  and  near  to,  Sculthorpe, 
in  Norfolk,  and  whose  Memorial  there 
(see  Blomefield  and  Parkin,  and  Cot- 
man's  Norfolk  Brasses,)  runs  thus: 

"$it  jacrt  tytnricu*'  JDnton,  gen-- 
tilmnn,  quonDam  Cironrapbus1  b'm  fif- 
Bis*  be  4To'i  39anco:  qui  obiitbitrsi- 
mo  tfrptimo  bit  men**'  augusti  X"b'nt 
Xi\°  C€CC°  Irr  cui'  a'fe  p'pieirt* 
Dcuif.  «mtn." 

was  of  the  same  family.  He>  repre- 
sented kneeling  in  prayer,  in  armour, 
with  sword  and  spurs. 

His  will,  in  which  a  brother  Hugh 
Unton  is  mentioned,  was  registered  at 
the  Prerog.  Court,  in  1471  (2  Wattis); 
the  testator  had  some  property  in 
Lancashire ;  and  the  will  of  the  follow- 
ing party,  who,  from  its  contents,  was 
evidently  of  Sculthorp  connexion,  wo* 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


y  Google 


1835.] 


Abbey  of  Bocherville,  near  Rouen 


473 


also  registered  there  in  1529  (13  Jan- 
kyn),  namely,  Hugh  Unton.  of  the 
parish  of  St.  Lawrence  Poulteney, 
London,  citizen  and  draper. 

In  1589.  there  was  a  will  registered 
at  the  above  court,  of  Humphrey  Urap- 
ton,  of  Drayton-in-Hall,  Salop;  but 
its  contents  do  not  at  all  verge  towards 
the  above-named  parties,  or  any  per- 
sons seemingly  descended  from  them. 


THE  Abbey  'of  St.  George  at  Bo- 
cherville,  is  seated  upon  an  eminence 
on  the  right  hank  of  the  Seine,  two 
leagues  below  Rouen.  Its  situation 
amidst  an  ancient  forest  is  implied  in 
its  name ;  and  the  beautiful  vicinity 
has  retained  all  the  charms  of  its  pri- 
mitive boscy  glades.  The  abbey  was 
founded  about  the  year  1050,  by  Ralph 
de  Tancarville,  the  tutor  and  chamber- 
lain to  the  Conqueror  of  England,  who, 
with  his  Duchess,  assisted  in  the  pious 
labour,  by  benefactions  to  the  infant 
society. 

At  the  French  Revolution,  the  abba- 
tial  church  was  fortunately  made  paro- 
chial, and  thus  escaped  the  ruin  in 
which  nearly  the  whole  of  the  monas- 
tic edifices  throughout  France  were  at 
that  time  involved.  As  it  had  pre- 
viously sustained  little  injury  or  alter- 
ation, it  is  now  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting and  instructive  of  all  the 
existing  churches  erected  in  the  Nor- 
man style. 

The  modern  architectural  anti- 
quaries have  paid  it  great  attention. 
In  Cotman's  Architectural  Antiquities 
of  Normandy,  seven  plates  are  devoted 
to  it;  two  being  exterior  views,  one 
of  the  great  doorway,  one  an  interior, 
and  the  three  others  of  parts. 

In  the  "Voyages  Pittoresques  et 
Rom  antiques  dans  1'Ancienne  France," 
fol.  Paris,  the  22d  livraison,  consisting 
of  fourteen  plates,  is  occupied  with 
this  subject.  Besides  these,  there  is 
a  separate  work,  entitled  "  Essai  his- 
torique  et  descriptif  sur  l'Eglise  et 
l'Abbaye  de  Saint  Georges  de  Bocher- 
vUle, par  Achille  Deville,"  printed  at 
Rouen,  in  4 to,  1827*  and  illustrated 
with  several  lithographic  prints  and 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


It  may  be  gathered  from  Morant's 
'Essex,'  that  Sir  John  Wentworth, 
son  and  heir  of  Sir  John  and  Dame 
Cecil,  being  extravagant,  wasted  his 
estates ;  and  that  such  property  as 
was  left  at  the  time  of  his  decease  in 
in  1631,  was  divided  amongst  his 
daughters  and  co-heiresses. 

Yours,  &c.      J.  B.  G. 


vignettes.*  To  this  volume  we  are 
indebted  for  the  view  of  the  Chapter- 
house, which  we  now  present  to  our 
readers ;  whilst  the  accompanying 
plate  of  architectural  parts  has  been 
drawn  by  our  own  artist  from  casts 
made  by  the  late  Mr.  Pugin,  and  we 
can  safely  add,  that  they  are  given 
with  greater  accuracy  than  in  any  of 
the  works  we  have  named. 

It  is  the  church  alone  of  Bocherville 
that  has  been  preserved  uninjured. 
The  monastic  buildings,  which  were 
built  about  the  year  1700,  have  been 
converted  into  a  manufactory ;  and  the 
Chapter-house  is  described  by  Mr. 
Dawson  Turner  f  as  being  extremely 
dilapidated.  When  he  saw  it,  it  was 
used  for  a  mill ;  and  it  is  drawn  in  the 
"Voyages  Pittoresques"  as  occupied 
by  a  stable. 

•  This  work  contains  the  best  history  of 
the  Abbey ;  and  though,  on  the  whole,  the 
plates  of  the  two  former  works  are  of  su- 
perior merit,  yet  this  furnishes  some  sub- 
jects not  given  in  them,  particularly  the 
splendid  gravestone  of  the  Abbat  Anthoine 
le  Ronlx,  1535,  great  seals  of  Richard 
Coeur-de-  Leon  and  Philippe  le  Hardi,  and 
a  portrait  of  the  Abbe  d* Orleans,  the  last 
of  the  house  of  Orleans- Longueville,  who 
died  at  this  abbey  in  16*94.  In  addition  to 
the  history  of  the  abbey,  this  volume  con- 
tains several  charters,  a  list  of  the  Abbats, 
and  a  memoir  of  the  Chamberlains  of  Tan- 
carville, the  hereditary  founders.  One  of 
the  Abbats  was  Francis  Due  de  Fits- 
James-,  Peer  of  France,  and  Bishop  of 
Soissons,  grandson  to  James  II.  King  of 
England.  He  was  nominated  Abbat  m 
1738,  and  died  1765. 

f  In  his  Tour  m  Normandy,  and  in  the 
descriptions  of  Cotman's  Architectural 
Antiquities  of  Normandy. 

3  P 


ABBEY  OF  BOCHERVILLE- 
(With  two  Plain.) 


474  Chapter-house  of 

K  The  Chapter- house  was  erected 
about  a  century  later  than  the  church, 
by  Victor,  the  second  abbot,  who,  we 
are  told,  "  obiit  longtevus  dierum,  idi- 
bus  Martii,  seu  xviij  calendas  Aprilia> 
ante  annum  1211;  sepultusque  erat 
sub  tabula  marmorea  in  capitulo  quod 
erexorat." 

Mr.  Dawson  Turner  has  added  to 
the  interest  of  the  church  of  Bocher- 
ville  by  comparing  it  with  the  cathe- 
dral of  Norwich,  which  it  much  re- 
sembles, particularly  in  the  circular 
termination  of  its  east  end,  which 
possesses  the  most  beautiful  effect 
from  the  interior.  We  have  considered 
the  Chapter-house  to  be  deserving  of 
the  like  attention,  from  its  great  simi- 
larity to  the  remains  of  the  Chapter- 
house at  Rochester.  The  Chapter- 
house at  Norwich  has  been  entirely 
removed. 

Views  of  the  Rochester  Chapter- 
house will  be  found  in  the  title-page 
to  Thorpe's  "  Registruiu  Roffense,"  in 
pi.  xxxiii.  of  that  work,  and  in  plate 
xxxvii.    The  last  is  a  large  folding 
plate,  displaying  its  architectural  fea- 
tures on  a  clear  scale.    On  reference 
to  that  plate  the  student  of  ancient 
architecture  will  be  interested  to  see 
how  nearly  the  design  corresponds 
with  this  of  Bocherville.    The  central 
door  stands  between  two  windows, 
which  are  flanked  by  similar  pilasters, 
and  rise  from  a  similar  dwarf  wall. 
Above,  ace  three  windows,   as  at 
Bocherville,  but  their  heads  are  cir- 
cular instead  of  pointed.    The  door- 
way at  Rochester  was  more  in  the 
ordinary  fashion,  being  narrower  than 
the  windows,  and  having  columns  de- 
scending to  the  ground ;  whilst  at 
Bocherville,  it  will  be  perceived,  the 
three  arches  are  alike  in  size  and  form. 
The  Chapter-house  at  Rochester  is 
supposed  to  have  been  erected  by 
Bishop  Ernulph,  who  died  in  1125. 
He  was  a  French  monk,  from  Beauvais, 
and  had  previously  occupied  the  abba- 
tial  chair  at  Peterborough,  where  also 
he  erected  the  Chapter- house. 

There  is,  on  the  whole,  more  sculp- 
ture about  the  Bocherville  work  than  at 
Rochester.  The  two  columns  in  front 
of  the  piers  are,  as  it  were,  additional ; 
as  are  the  small  statues  placed  within 
the  arches  against  the  piers,  two  of 
which  will  be  seen  remaining  in  the 
view.    These  statues  are  very  remark  - 


H„#. 7,^ >.;//*,  Ahh**i  f\ftv 

able.  They  resembhrm  atyfe  those  at 
the  great  west  door  of  the  church  at 
Rochester.  We  may  probably  recall 
the  attention  of  our  readers  to  them ; 
and  we  shall  only  add  at  present,  that 
they  are  very  extraordinary  allegorical 
representations  of  Mors,  Disciplina, 
&c.  identified  by  the  inscriptions  which 
they  hold  in  scrolls  before  them. 

The  capitals  of  the  columns  are 
carved  with  very  curious  bas-reliefs. 
Of  these,  specimens  are  given  in  our 
second  plate ;  one  of  the  subjects  betmr 
Abraham  offering  up  Isaac,  his  sword 
being  arrested  by  an  Angel,  and  a  ram 
appearing  in  the  thicket  below;  the 
other  is,  apparently,  Lot  and  his  family 
conducted  from  Sodom.  The  subjects 
of,  God  appearing  to  our  first  parents 
in  the  Garden,  and  the  angel  driving 
them  out  of  Paradise,  occur  in  capitals 
in  other  places ;  as  does  the  Tempta- 
tion by  the  Serpent,  on  one  of  the 
capitals  of  the  great  west  door  of  the 
church. 

Round  the  capitals  of  one  of  the 
piers  of  the  chapter-house,  an  appa- 
rently connected  story  is  given,  which 
Mr.  Cotman,  in  his  plate  1 1 ,  has  formed 
into  one  continuous  bas-relief.  It  evi- 
dently refers  to  the  history  of  the  Is- 
raelites under  Joshua,  the  Sun  standing 
still,  and  the  passage  of  the  Red  Sea; 
but  the  armour,  the  standard,  and  other 
features  are  interesting  illustrations  of 
the  Norman  age,  and  of  the  tapestry 
of  Bayeux.  Plate  44,  in  Mr.  Dawson 
Turner's  Tour  in  Normandy,  in  a  por- 
tion of  the  same  subject,  and  exhibits 
a  horseman,  which  that  gentleman  de- 
scribes as  a  duplicate  of  the  supposed 
figure  of  William  the  Conqueror  at 
Caen. 

A  still  more  interesting  capital,  per- 
haps, is  that  of  which  a  wood-cut  is 
given  in  Mr.  Turner's  Tour,  vol.  it  p. 
13,  and  an  extended  plate  as  a  frontis- 
piece to  that  volume.  It  represents 
eleven  musicians  with  various  instru- 
ments, and  a  female  dancing-girl  or 
tumbler.  The  instruments — a  viol,  a 
rote,  a  syrinx,  a  mandore,  a  psaltery,  a 
dulcimer,  harp,  bells,  8cc.  are  described 
by  Mr.  Douce  in  Mr.  Turner's  volume, 
p".  14  ;  and  the  group  was  deemed  so 
curious  by  Mr.  Fbsbroke,  that  he  has 
copied  it  in  his  Encyclopaedia  of  Anti- 
quities, p.  602. 

This  capital  rs  no  longer  on  the  spot; 
nor  another,  of  the  same  age  and  like 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1885.] 

curiosity,  representing,  in  six  compart- , 
raents,  the  Aon  nunc iation,  the  Saluta- 
tion, the  Nativity,  the  Angel  appearing 
to  the  Shepherds,  the  Massacre  of  the. 
Innocents,  and  the  Presentation  in  the 
Temple.  Of  the  last  a  representation 
will  be  found  in  the  Esaai  Historique, 
pi.  v.  bis ;  and  both  of  them  were  also 
the  subjects  of  plates  in  the  Recueil  de 
la  Societe  d' Emulation  de  Rouen  pour 
rannee  1826. 

The  archivolt,  or  commencement  of 
the  rising  of  one  of  the  sculptured 
arches,  will  be  seen  in  the  fourth  figure 
of  our  second  plate.  It  is  the  same  to 
which  Mr.  Turner  (Tour,  vol.  ii.  p.  11) 
draws  attention  for  its  singularity, 


475 


and  as  being  engraved  in  Mr.  Cotman's 

eleventh  plate ;  but,  in  justice  to  our 
own  artist,  we  must  say  that  Mr.  Cot- 
man's  representation  is  very  incorrect, 
doubtless  from  having  mistaken,  on 
his  return  home,  a  sketch  hastily  made 
on  the  spot.  The  first  figure  in  our 
second  plate  represents  a  boss  at  the 
centre  of  the  groining  of  the  arches. 
The  second  figure  is  part  of  the  entab- 
lature or  cornice  running  round  the 
sides  of  the  apartment,  small  portions 
of  which  are  seen  in  the  view.  A 
whole  side  (not  that  from  which  this 
portion  is  taken)  is  drawn  in  the  Voy- 
ages Pittoresques. 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS,  No.  X. 

THRKK  LETTERS  OF  CHARLES  (THE  I'ROUD)  DUKK  OF  SOMERSET,  TO  TONSON  THE 
BOOKSELLER,  RESPECTING  AN  INTENDED  ENGAGEMENT  OF  MR.  ADDISON  AS 
TRAVELLING  TUTOR. 


AT  the  date  of  these  letters,  Alger- 
Earl  of  Hertford,  the  Duke's  eldest 
son,  was  nineteen  years  of  age.  Ad- 
dison  was  thirty-one,  and  out  of  place, 
his  political  friends  not  being  in  power. 
He  appears,  however,  not  to  have  con- 
sidered the  Duke's  offer  as  sufficiently 
advantageous  ;  and  he  therefore  re- 
mained unemployed  until  brought  for- 
ward by  his  former  patron,  Lord  Ha- 
lifax. It  may  be  added  that  these 
letters  show  that  Addison  was  then 
abroad,  and  not  at  home,  as  is  par- 
ticularly stated  in  his  life.* 

Friday  night,  10  a  cJoc*. 
Mr.  Manwaring  told  mee  you  had 
now  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  Addi- 
son wherein  hee  seemes  to  embrace 
the  proposal,  but  desires  to  know  the 
particulars  ;  soe  if  you  please  to  come 
to  mee  to-morrow  morning  about  nine 
or  ten  a  clock,  wee  will  more  fully  dis- 
coarse  the  whollc  matter  together,  that 
you  may  be  able  at  your  arrivall  in 
Holland  to  settle  all  things  with  him. 
1  could  wishe  hee  would  come  over  by 
the  return  of  this  convoy.  But  more 
©f  this  when  wee  meett:  in  the  mean 
beleive  mee  your  very  humble 
lit,  Somerset. 
For  Mr.  Jacob  Tormrn,  at  Groy's-ia*. 

*  Qu.  At  what  period  was  Addfeon 
tator  tn  the  youni?  Earl  of  Warwick,  after- 

i? 


London,  June  the  4th,  1703. 
I  received  yours  of  the  21st  of  May. 
yesterday,  and  am  very  glade,  after  soe 
long  a  time,  you  are  at  last  safely  ar- 
riv'd  with  the  D.  of  Grafton  at  the 
Hague.  As  to  what  you  writte  of  Mr. 
Addison,  I  shall  bee  very  glade  to  see 
him  here  in  England,  that  wee  may 
more  fully  discoarse  together  of  that 
matter  ;  but  at  the  same  time  I  should 
have  been  much  better  satisfy'd,  had 
hee  made  his  own  proposalles,  that  hee 
then  would  have  been  on  more  certain 
tcarmes  of  what  hee  was  to  depend  on, 
especially  since  hee  did  not  intend  to 
leave  Holland  soe  soon  on  any  other 
account;  therefore  I  think  1  ought  to 
enter  into  that  affair  more  freely,  and 
more  plainly,  and  tell  you  what  1  pro- 
pose, and  what  I  hope  hee  will  com- 
ply with,  viz.  I  desire  hee  may  bee 
more  on  the  account  of  a  companion 
in  my  son's  travells  then  as  a  gover 
nour,  and  as  such  shall  account  him  : 
my  meaning  is  that  neither  lodging, 
travelling,  or  dyett  shall  cost  him  six 
pence,  and  over  and  above  that{  my 
son  shall  present  him  at  the  year's  end 
with  a  hundred  guineas,  as  long  as  hee 
is  pleas'd  to  continue  in  that  service 
to  my  eon  by  taking  great  care  of  him, 
by  his  personall  attendance  and  advice, 
in  what  hee  finds  necessary  during  his 
time  of  travelling.  My  intention  is  at 
present  to  send  him  over  before  August 
next  to  the  Hague,  there  to  remayne 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


479  Memorial,  tfLiU* 

for  one  year;  from  thence  to  goe  to  all 
the  courts  of  Germany,  and  to  stay 
some  time  at  the  court  of  Han  Dover 
as  wee  shall  then  agree.    The  onely 
reason  for  his  stay  at  the  Hague  is  to 
perforin  all  his  exercises,  and  when 
hee  is  perfect  in  that,  then  to  goe  next 
wherever  Mr.  Addison  shall  advice,  to 
whoroe  I  shall  entirely  depend  on  in 
all  that  hee  thinks  mav  bee  most  fitt 
for  his  education.    When  we  are 
agreed  on  what  tearmes  may  bee  most 
agreeable  to  him,  I  dare  say  hee  shall 
find  all  things  as  hee  can  desire.  This 
I  thought  fitt  for  saving  of  time,  to 
enter  into  now,  for  many  reasons,  that 
Wee  may  the  sooner  and  the  better 
know  each  other's  thoughts,  being 
fully  resolv'd  to  send  him  over  by  the 
end  of  the  next  month  j  soe  I  must 
desire  him  to  bee  plain  with  mee,  as 
hee  will  find  by  this  that  I  am  with 
him,  because  it  will  bee  a  very  great 
losse  to  mee  not  to  know  his  mind 
sooner  than  he  proposes  to  come  over. 
I  need  not  tell  you  the  reason,  it  be- 
ing soe  plain  for  you  to  guess  ;  and  the 
main  of  all,  which  is,  the  conditions 
as  1  have  mention 'd  may  bee  as  well 
treated  on  by  letter  as  if  hee  was  here, 
soe  1  doe  desire  his  speedy  answer  \ 
for,  to  tell  yon  plainly,  I  am  sollicited 
ever)7  day  on  this  subject,  many  beeing 
offered  to  mee,  and  I  cannot  tell  them 
that  I  am  engaged  positively,  because 
Mr.  Addison  is  my  desire  and  inclina- 
tion by  the  character  I  have  heard  of 
him.  Dear  Jacob,  forgive  this  trouble, 
and  believe  that  I  am  with  sincerity 
your  very  very  humble  servant, 

Somerset* 

London,  June  the  22rf,  1703. 
Tour  letter  of  the  16th,  with  one 
from  Mr.  Addison,  came  safe  to  mee. 
You  say  hee  will  give  me  an  account 
of  his  readiness  of  complying  with  my 
proposall.  I  will  sett  down  his  own 
words,  which  are  these  j— As  for  the 
recompens  that  is  proposed  to  mee,  I 
must  confess  I  can  by  noe  means  see 
my  account9  in  it,"  fee.  All  the  other 
parts  of  his  letter  are  complements  to 
mee,  which  hee  thought  hee  was  bound 


•  Addison,  previously  to  the  death  of 
King  William,  had  enjoyed  a  pension  of 
300/.  This  had  been  stopped  ;  the  Duke, 
&3  we  have  seen,  offered  a  hundred  gui- 
neas and  maintenance. 


iry  CAurectir*     x  .  V  rpeov. 

in  good  breeding  to  wrttto,nnd  as  suck 
1  have  taken  them,  and  no  otherwise. 
And  now  I  leave  yon  to  judge  how 
ready  he  is  to  comply  with  my  propo- 
sal h  }  therefore  I  nave  wrotte  by  this 
first  oost  to  orevent  his  commit  for 
England  on  my  account,  and  have  told 
him  plainly  that  now  1  must  look  for 
another,  which  1  cannot  bee  long  s 
finding.  I  am  very  sorry  that  1  have 
given  you  soe  much  trouble  in  it  i  bet 
I  know  you  are  good  and  will  forgive 
it  in  one  that  is  so  much  your  friend 
and  humble  servant,  Sombssst. 

Our  Clubf  is  dissolved  till  you  re- 
vive it  again,  which  we  are  impatient 
off. 


Lama  or  tub  Rev.  HtiraY  Mnxs 
to  Abchbishop  TlNISON. 
(ATS.  Lambeth,  No.  $53,  p.  105.) 

THE  Rev.  Henry  Mills,  of  Trinity 
college,  Oxford,  graduated  as  M Je- 
june 25,  1698  ;  he  became  master  of 
the  school  at  Wells,  of  which  cathe- 
dral he  was  made  a  Prebendary  in 
1700,  and  was  Rector  of  Dinder,  co. 
Somerset  j  afterwards  removing  to 
Surrey,  he  was,  in  1711,  appointed 
Chaplain  to  Archbishop  Whitgift's 
hospital  at  Croydon ;  and  he  was 
some  time  Curate  of  Pilton  and  of  the 
chapelry  of  North  Wooton.  On  the 
30th  Feb.  1723  he  was  inducted  to  the 
vicarage  of  Merstham  in  the  same 
county,  and  was  there  buried,  dying 
April  1 2,  1742,  aged  70.  He  was  the 
author  of  'An  Essay  on  Generosity 
and  Greatness  of  Spirit.'  The  follow- 
ing letter  was  addressed,  in  his  capaci- 
ty of  Chaplain  of  Whitgift's  hospital, 
to  Archbishop  Tenison,  its  Governor 
and  Visitor: 

*'  May  it  please  y  Grace  1 

My  hand  was  not  to  Aasley's  cer- 
tificate, because  I  was  not  fully  ac- 
quainted w,k  his  character.  Your  Grace 
was  pleas'd  y*  two  last  years,  to  give 
an  order,  empowering  y*  members  of 
y"  Hospital  to  cut  their  winter's  wood. 
I  thought  it  proper  on  many  accounts, 
y*  they  should  nave  y*  Visitor's  leave 
again,  which  being  now  granted,  it 
shall  be  done  with  speed  and  care. 

My  last  French  usher  was  Emanuel 
Decize.  He  is  now  in  London,  con- 
trary to  what  he  said :  for  at  Whit- 

f  The  Kit-cat  Club. 


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J  835 . ]       Alteration  of  the  Decalogue  by  the  Church  t>f  Rome.  477 

sontide  he  assured  me,  y'  he  was  going  little  of  him,  only  yl  he  is  exact  in  yf 

very  soon  to  travel  with  a  gentleman  Pronunciation  and  lives  very  soberly, 

on  advantageous   terms.    Mv  pre-  I  shall  be  very  thankful  to  know  for 

sent  teacher  of  French  came  into  Eng-  w»  Reasons  this  enquiry  is  made.  I 

land  w*  y  King;  his  name  is  Pul-  am,  my  L*,  y  grace's  most  humble 

Uoniere  •  and  in  holy  orders.  I  know  obedient  serv*.        H en  :  Mills." 

'  '    i  ■   — .  "  To  the  most  Reverend  Father, 

*  Francis  de  la  PiOonniere,  ■  converted  Tno*#  ^°T^  Arch-Bishop  of  Canter - 

jesuit,  was  tutor  to  Bishop  Hoadly'.  burr.  Humbly  present." 

family.    He  wrote  three  pamphlets  on  (indorsed)  "  Mr.  Mills  of  Croydon 

the  Bangorian  controversy,  to  one  of  R4  Oct:  10.  171j.m 

which  Mr.  Mills  replied.  Brixton.                       O.  S.  8.  ? 


ALTERATION  OF  THE  DECALOGUE  BY  THE  CHURCH  OF  ROME. 

Adderbunj,  Divine  Decalogue  was  made  in  all  the 
Mr.  Urban,             ^9  13*  formulsries  of  the  Church  of  Rome 
AT  a  period  like  the  present,  when  used  before  the  Reformation  ;  and  that 
the  Advocates  of  Romanism  are  exert-  the  controversy  with  the  Protestants 
ing  themselves  to  the  utmost  to  revive  compelled  her  to  allow  the  second 
their  pernicious  creed,  and  deceptive  Commandment  to  be  inserted  in  some 
doctrines,  in  Protestant  England,  it  is  of  them  which  Were  circulated  after- 
gratifying  to  the  lover  of  truth  to  see  wards.    In  a  book  presented  to  me, 
an  article  like  that  on  the  Second  when  a  boy,  by  a  priest  who  was  five 
Commandment,  which  was  published  years  an  officer  in  the  ■  Holy'  Inqui- 
in  your  Magazine  for  July  (p.  40.) ;  sition,  in  Spain,  (and  who,  from  tnat 
for  whatever  is  calculated  to  lead  to  circumstance,  it  may  be  presumed, 
an  investigation  of  the  formularies  of  distributed  works  of  authority,)  en- 
the  Church  of  Rome,  cannot  fail  to  be  titled,  u  An  Abstract  of  the  Douay 
serviceable  to  the  cause  of  the  Refor-  Catechism.        With  permission,  Lon~ 
mation,  inasmuch  as  it  will  help  Pro-  don :  Printed  by  Keating,  Broum,  and 
testants  to  arrive  at  a  knowledge  of  Co.  Printers  to  the  R.  R.  the  Hears 
the  real  doctrines  which  are  taught  Apostolic,  38,  Duke-street,  Grosvenor- 
by  the  Pope  and  his  emissaries.    Per-  square.  1813."— At  page  42,  the  first 
haps,  then,  you  will  allow  me  to  add  a  and  second  Commandments  arc  thus 
few  remarks  in  order  to  illustrate  the  blended  together : 
article  above  alluded  to.  N  I.  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God,  who 
In  a  work  now  before  me,  bearing  brought  thee  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
the  following  title,  "  The  most  Rev.  and  out  of  the  house  of  bondage. 
Dr.  James  Butler's  Catechism  revised,  Thou  shalt  not  have  strange  Gods  be- 
enlarged,  approved,  and  recommended  fore  me.    Thou  shalt  not  make  to  thy- 
by  the  four  R.  C,  Archbishops  of  Ire-  self  any  graven  thing,  nor  the  likeness 
land,  at  a  general  Catechism  for  the  of  any  thing  that  is  in  heaven  above, 
Kingdom;  approved  and  recommended  or  in  the  earth  beneath,  or  in  the 
by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Doyle,  Bp.  of  waters  under  the  earth  ;  thou  shalt 
Kildare  and  Leighlin.  Dublin :  printed  not  adore  nor  worship  them.    I  am 
by  R.  Grace,3,  Mary-street,  1828." —  the  Lord  thy  God,  strong  and  jea- 
At  page  36,  the  first  and  second  Com-  lous,  visiting  the  sins  of  the  fathers 
mandments  are  thus  inserted  :  upon  their  children,  to  the  third  and 
"  I.  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God ;  thou  fourth  generation  of  them  that  hate 
shalt  not  have  strange  gods  before  me.  me  ;  and  shewing  mercy  to  thousands 
If?  Thou  shalt  not  take  the  name  of  of  those  that  love  me,  and  keep  my 
the  Lord  thy  God  in  vain."  commandments.—  Exod.  xx.  2." 
And  the  ninth  is  made  out  of  the  tenth,       But  this  alteration  of  the  second 
and  printed  thus  :  Commandment  is  not  the  only  liberty 
*  IX.  Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  which  the  Infallible  Church  has  taken 
neighbour's  wife.  with  the  Divine  Decalogue,  as  has 
X.  Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neigh-  been  already  proved  by  the  division  of 
boor's  goods. — Exod.  xx."  the  tenth.    This  division,  however, 
It  seems  that  this  alteration  of  the  came  under  the  consideration  of  the 


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4^7$r*         Alteration  oj  the  Decalogufb^tht^Chwch  of  Rome.  £Nov\^ 


Council  of  Trent,  and  it  was  urged  as 
an  unanswerable  objection  to  it,  that 
the  words,  M  Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy 
neighbour's  wife,"  which  stands  as 
the  first  clause  of  the  Commandment 
in  the  5th  of  Deuteronomy,  are  not 
the  first,  but  the  second  clause  of  the 
Commandment,  in  Exodus  xx.  which 
begins,  "Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy 
neighbour's  house."  Upon  this,  the 
Council,  in  order  to  cloke  the  fraud 
thus  brought  forward,  blended  the 
two  clauses  together,  and  inserted 
them  under  the  common  title  of  the 
M  ninth  and  tenth  Commandments  %n 
and  none  of  those  far-famed  fathers, 
or  any  of  their  successors  in  infalli- 
bility, have  ever  been  able  to  point  out 
which  is  the  ninth  or  which  is  the 
tenth,  if  they  are  separated.  In  the 
Douay  Catechism,  now  in  my  hand, 
they  are  thus  printed  : 
"  The  ninth  and  tenth  Commandments. 

Q.  Say  the  ninth  and  tenth. 

A.  Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neigh- 
bour's wife.  Thou  shalt  not  covet 
thy  neighbour's  goods." 

These  changes  in  the  Ten  Com- 
mandments are  made  in  all  the  books 
in  my  possession,  which  are  printed 
by  popish  authority ;  but  I  will  con- 
clude with  referring  to  only  one  more  : 
"  An  abridgment  of  Christian  Doctrine, 
revised,  improved,  and  recommended  by 
Authority,  for  the  me  of  tfie  faithful 
in    the  four   districts    of  England. 

London  :  printed  by  Wm.  Eusebius 
Andrews,  3,  Chapterhouse-court,  St. 
Paul's.  1826." 

In  this  work  the  first  and  second 
Commandments  are  united,  but  with- 
out the  paragraphical  division  which 
is  made  where  they  are  blended  to- 
gether in  the  Douay  Catechism,  and 
the  words  which  are  there,  "Thou 
shalt  not  adore  nor  worship  them 


in  the  onenowttentionedmtie/  "Thon 
shalt  not  adore  them  nor  serve  them." 
And  here  the  Commandment  breaks 
off.  The  ninth  and  tenth  are  made 
out  of  the  tenth,  as  in  the  catechism 
first  quoted  from,  which  is  circulated 
in  Ireland.  I  will  just  add,  last  any 
of  your  Protestant  readers  should  still 
be  inclined  to  think  that  the  Church 
of  Rome  does  not  now  sanction  this 
mutilation  of  the  Divine  Decalogue, 
the  following  'Approbation,'  which  I 
copy,  verbatim,  from  the  back  of  the 
title-page  of  the  work  I  have  last  re- 
fered  to  : 

"  October  2,  1856." 
"  We  approve  of  the  Catechism,  entitled, 
1  An  Abridgment  of  Christian  Doctrine,' 
published  by  our  authority,  for  the  use  of 
the  Faithful  in  our  resj>ective  Districts.' 

"  ©  William  Paynter,  V.A.L. 

©  James  Yorke  Bramston,  Coadjutor. 
©  Peter  B.  Collingridge,  V.A.W. 
©  Peter  A.  A.  Baines,  Coadjutor. 
©  Thomas  Smith,  V.A.N. 
►i<  Thomas  Penswick,  coadjutor. 
©  Thomas  Walsh,  V.A.M." 

I  am  bound  in  justice  to  these  gen- 
tlemen to  say,  that  in  this  little  book 
there  is  much  that  is  good,  mixed  up 
with  much  that  is  evil ;  which  reminds 
me  of  a  remark  I  once  saw  written  with 
a  pencil,  by  the  revered  Scott,  the  com- 
mentator, in  the  margin  of  a  volume 
he  had  been  reading  :  "  Here  is  good 
blended  with  evil,  like  butter  with 
ratsbane ;  the  one  to  make  the  other 
go  down  the  more  glibly." 

That  the  accuracy  of  the  extracts 
which  I  have  made  may  be  fully  re- 
lied on,  I  will  not  attach  to  this  com- 
munication a  fictitious  signature,  but 
subscribe  myself. 

Yours,  &c.    Charjlbs  Faulkner. 


REPORT  OF  M.  FRANCISQUE  MICHEL  ON  HIS  RESEARCHES 

IN  THE  ENGLISH  LIBRARIES. 


SINCE  his  return  to  his  native  country, 
M.  Francisque  Michel  has  made  the  fol- 
lowing report  to  M.  Guizot,  the  Minister 
of  Public  Instruction,  who  sent  him  to 
England  ;  and  it  has  appeared  in  all  the 
leading  French  journals.  We  have  thought 
it  sufficiently  interesting  to  our  readers  to 
merit  a  translation. 

Monsieur  le  Ministrc, 

In  August  1833  you  did  me  the  honour 
to  send  me  to  England,  for  the  purpose, 


1st.  of  making  a  complete  transcript  of 
the  Chronicle  of  Benott  de  Sainte-More, 
and  of  Geoffrey  Gaimar's  History  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Kings  ;  Sd.  of  searching  the 
manuscripts  of  the  British  Museum,  of 
the  libraries  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge,  and  the  different  literary 
depots  into  which  I  could  penetrate,  in  or- 
der to  take  note  or  immediate  copy  of  every 
thing  which  1  might  think  important  for 
the  history  and  ancient  literature  of  France. 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1 835.]  Report  o/  M.  Michel  on  English  Libraries. 

Aftex  a  residence  of  two  years  in  a  foreign  the  old  rimer,  words  of  which  the  greater 
land,  1  return  to  my  country,  and  my  part  are  now  preserved  ip  the  French  km* 
first  care  shall  be  give  to  yon  a  detailed  guage,  and  of  which  the  Greek  and  Latin 
account  of  the  manner  in  which  I  have  furnish  no  probable  etymology.  More- 
petfbrmed  the  mission  you  entrusted  to  over,  when  a  word  which  occurs  in  this 
me.  poem  can  be  found  in  a  form  that  can  be 
On  my  first  visit  to  the  British  Museum,  recognized  in  any  of  the  ancient  or  mo- 
I  immediately  asked  tor  the  Harleian  Ma-  dern  languages  of  Europe,  I  have  consi- 
nnscript  1717,  which  contains  4  l'Estoire  dered  it  a  duty  to  place  it  in  my  index 
et  la  Genealogie  des  Dues  qui  ont  est£  par  nnder  all  its  different  physiognomies, 
ordreen  Norman  die,'  by  Benottde  Sainte-  At  the  same  time,  Monsieur  le  Minis- 
More,  an  Anglo-Norman  trouvere  of  the  tre,  I  occupied  myself  actively  in  the 
twelfth  century ;  it  was  immediately  placed  transcription  of  the  chronicle  of  Benott 
in  my  hands,  as  well  as  the  Royal  manu-  de  Sainte- More,  which  was  only  known 
script,  16  E.  VIII.  which  contains  an  an-  to  us  by  what  bad  been  said  hy  M.  de  la 
cient  poem  on  the  supposed  expedition  of  Rue  in  the  4  Archseologia,'  and  by  the 
Charlemagne  to  Jerusalem  and  Constan-  fragments  which  had  been  published  by 
tinople,  a  work  of  870  lines  in  assonante  MM.  de  la  Fresnaye1  and  Depping.*  I 
rimes  ;  which  M.  de  la  Rue  considers  to  soon  found  that,  with  some  slight  differ- 
be  the  most  ancient  French  poem  known,  ences,  Benott  followed  closely  Dudon  de 
but  which  M.  Raynouard,  as  well  as  some  Saint-Quentin  and  William  de  Jumieges 
other  scholars,  persist  in  attributing  to  the  up  to  the  epoch  when  the  last  of  these 
twelfth  century.    1  made  a  careful  copy,  chroniclers  concludes,  that  is,  to  the  com- 
which  I  immediately  sent  to  you;  and  mencement  of  the  reign  of  Stephen.  After 
yourself,  Monsieur  le  Ministre,  placed  it  this  period,  he  is  his  own  authority,  and 
in  the  hands  of  M.  Raynouard,  who  made  gives  valuable  details  on  the  events  which 
it  the  subject  of  a  succinct  report  to  the  occurred  during  the  reign  of  Stephen 
Academic  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles- Let-  and  that  of  Henry  II.  under  whom  he 
tres.    Afterwards  I  requested  of  you  the  flourished.   Here  he  ends  his  work,  which 
authorization  to  publish  this  poem,  and  contains  about  48,000  lines,  to  which 


you  had  the  goodness  to  grant  me  that  must  award  a  certain  degree  of  literary 
authorisation,  indicating  at  the  same  time  merit.    I  cannot  therefore,  M.  Ie  Mi- 
the  points  which  I  should  endeavour  to  nistre,  but  thank  you  in  the  name  of  all 
clear  up  in  my  introduction.  scholars,  for  your  resolution  to  put  imrae- 
This  volume,  wjiich  is  still  in  the  press  diately  to  the  press  the  whole  of  this  Chro- 
at  London,  to  be  published  by  William  nicle,  of  which  I  have  already  published, 
Pickering,  will  contain,  1st.  a  dissertation  with  your  authorization,  all  which  re- 
on  the  tradition  which  forms  the  founda-  lates  to  the  battle  of  Hastings  and  the 
tion  of  the  poem  ;  2d.  an  examination  of  conquest  of  England.3 
the  opinion  of  M.  TAbbe*  de  la  Rue  on  the  During  this  period,  from  time  to  time, 
antiquity  which  he  gives  it ;  3d.  a  detailed  I  addressed  to  you,  Monsieur  le  Ministre, 
description  of  the  manuscript  16  E.VIII.;  detailed  reports  on  the  manuscripts  of  the 
4th.  a  description  of  the  Royal  MS.  15  British  Museum  which  I  thought  worthy 
E.  VI.  which  contains  a  poem  on  the  of  your  attention.     In  this  manner  I 
adventures  of  certain  paladins  of  the  court  transmitted  to  you,  1st.  a  description  of 
of  Charlemagne,  whom  that  prince  had  the  Royal  MS.  16  F.  II.  which  con- 
sent to" the  East ;  5th.  an  analysis  of  this  tains  the  works  of  Charles  Duke  of  Or- 
poem  ;  6th.  an  indication  of  the  other  ro-  leans,  as  well  as  a  table  of  its  contents  ; 
mances,  or  passages  of  romances,  relative  2d.  a  notice  of  the  Additional  manuscript, 
to  the  pretended  pilgrimage  of  the  great  7103,  which  contains  an  inedited  French 
emperor  to  Jerusalem  and  to  Constant!-  chronicle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  which 
nople ;  7th.  the  text  of  the  poem  contained  is  found  again  at  Paris  in  the  manuscript 
in  the  manuscript  16  E.  VIII.;  8th.  a  Sorbonne  454.  and  is  founded  on  the  Royal 
very  extensive  glottarial  index,  and  con-  MS.  British  Museum,  15  E.  VI. 
ceived  on  a  new  plan,  at  all  events  new  in  I  also  called  your  attention,  Monsieur 
France,  in  which  I  have  endeavoured,  le  Ministre,  to  the  Cottonian  manuscript, 
above  (all,  to  seek  in  the  Gothic,  the  An-  Nero,  C.  it.  which  without  doubt  was 
glo-Saxon,  and  the  other  northern  tongues,  executed  in  England  in  the  twelfth  cen- 
the  roots  of  certain  words  employed  by  tury,  and  which  contains  a  Latin  psalter 
  ■    ,  

»  «  Nouvelle  Histoire  de  Normandic,'  &c   A  Versailles,  printed  by  J,  P.  Jalabert, 

1814.  8vo. 

*  •  Histoire  des  Expeditions  Maritimes  des  Normands.'  Paris,  1824,  2  vols.  Rvo. 
»  *  Histoire  de  Normandie/  by  MM.  Licquct  and  Depping.    Rouen,  Edward  Frere, 

1834,  2  vols..  Bvo.   Appendix  to  voL  ii. 


Digitized  by  Go 


4dU 


Report  of  M.  Michel  on  English  Libraries. 


[Not. 


with  a  French  version  of  the  sam«  epoch, 
if  not  more  ancient.  1  have  in  like  man- 
ner informed  you  of  my  fruitless  re- 
searches, as  well  after  the  4  Descriptio 
utri usque  Britannia}'  of  Conrad,  Conra- 
dinus,  or  Conradianus  of  Salisbury,4  as 
the  relation  of  the  pilgrimage  of  Richard 
the  First  of  England,  which,  if  we  believe 
the  learned  compilers  of  the  '  Gallia  Chris- 
tiana,' 4  was  composed  by  Gautier  de  Cou- 
tonces  ;  and  also  after  any  ancient  manu- 
script of  the  French  laws  of  William  the 
Bastard.6 

I  took  advantage  of  the  days  when  the 
Museum  was  closed,  to  pursue  my  re- 
searches on  Tristan,  whose  romantic  his- 
tory, as  you  know  weU,  was  spread  over 
the  whole  of  Europe,  of  which  it  was  the 
favourite  theme  from  the  twelfth  to  the 


fifteenth  century.  I  was  more  particu- 
larly anxious  to  discover  the  poem  of 
Chrestien  de  Troyea,  and  it  is  with  grief 
that  I  am  obliged  to  believe  ft  irreccTer- 
ably  lost.  My  researches  in  this  instance 
have  not  been  crowned  with  success.  StS 
I  have  succeeded  in  collecting  three  com- 
plete poems,  two  fragments  of  two  others, 
a  long  piece  relating  to  Tristan  extracted 
from  a  large  work,  two  Spanish  ballads,  a 
Greek  fragment  of  300"  rersv*  politic*,  and 
an  Icelandic  ballad  ;  and  I  have  accom- 
panied them  by  an  introduction,  notes, 
and  a  glossary  of  the  more  difficult  words. 
This  collection,  of  which  you  have  conde- 
scended to  accept  the  dedication,  is  now 
in  the  press  in  London,  in  two  vt 
Bvo,  and  will  be  speedily  pi 
I  was  also  anxious  to 


4  Moreau  de  Mantour,  in  a  dissertation  on  the  4  Volianus'  of  the  inscription  of 
Nantes  ('  M emoires  de  Trevoux,'  Jan.  1707),  gives  a  passage  from  lib.  i  v.  of  the  work 
of  this  Conrad.  D.  Martin  repeats  this  passage  in  his  '  Religion  des  Gaules.'  liv.  hr. 
chap,  iv.;  it  is  again  repeated  by  D.  Morice,  in  his  '  Hist,  de  Bretagne,'  t.  i.  page 
86*0,  note  4  ;  and,  lastly,  Ogee,  Richard  Jeune,  Huet,  and  Fournier  argue  after  Con- 
rad, Conradinus,  Conradianus.  Moreau  asserts  that  the  work  was  printed  at  London, 
but  does  nut  tell  us  when. 

*  4  Gallia  Christiana,'  t.  xi.  col.  58.  ['  Walterius  de  Constantia,  Archiepisc.  Ro- 
thomagensis,  A.D.  1184 — 1207,  scripsit]  de  peregrinatione  regis  Richardi  librum 
unum. 

*  They  have  been  published  in  the  following  works : — 

1  Eadmeri  monachi  Cantuariensis  histories  novorum  sive  sui  sreculi  libri  vi  

in  lucem  ex  Bibliotheca  Cottoniana  emisit  Joannes  Seldenus.  Londini,  typis  ct 
impensis  Guilielmi  Stanesbey,  ex  officicinis  Richardi  Meighen  et  Thome  Dew.' 
M.oc.xxiu,  fol.  p.  173 — 189,  in  Latin  and  Norman. 

'  Rerum  Anglicarum  Scriptorum  torn  us  i.  (ed.  Th.  Gale).  Oxoniss,  e  Theatro  Shel- 
doniano,'  m.dc.lxxxiv.  fol.  p.  88.  The  laws  of  William  the  Conqueror  are  here  in- 
serted in  the  '  Historia  Ingulphi  abbatum  monasterii  Croyland' ;  which  had  been  before 
given  incompletely,  and  without  the  laws,  by  H.  Savile. 

4  Leges  Anglo -Saxonica*  ecclesiastics*  et  civiles.    Accedunt  leges  Edvardi  Latins;, 

Gulielmi  Conquestoris  Gallo-Normannicss,  et  Henrici  I.  Latino;  ed.  David. 

Wilkin s.  Londini :  typis  Guil.  Bowyer,'  m.dcc.xxi,  foL  p.  29.  In  Latin  and  Anglo- 
Norman. 

4  Sancti  Ansel  mi  ex  Becensi  abbate  Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi  Opera :  nec  non 
Eadmeri  monachi  Cantuarensis  historia  novorum  et  aliaopuscula  :  labore  ac  studio  D. 
Gabrielis  Gerberon.  Lutetian  Parisiorum,  sumptibus  Montalant,'  m.dcc.xxi.  foi, 
second  part,  p.  116.  The  laws  of  William  the  Conqueror  are  here  given  in  4  Johannis 
Seldeni  in  Eadmerum  notse.'  They  are  in  Norman,  with  the  Latin  translation  of 
Selden,  and  another  version  bv  Da  Cange,  which  M.  de  Roquefort  (4  Biographic  Uni- 
verselle)  does  not  cite  among  his  works. 

The  Laws  of  William  the  Conqueror,  in  Latin  and  Norman,  arc  also  found  col.  16*40, 
1641 — 1654,  and  1655  of  '  Joannis  Seldeni  jurisconsulti  opera  omnia  tarn  edits  quam 
inedita,'  vol.  u.  torn.  u. ;  the  edition  by  Wilkins,  London,  m.dccxxvi.  four  parts, 
in  folio. 

'  Anciennes  Lois  des  Francois,  ou  Additions  aux  Remarques  sur  les  Coutumes  An- 
gloises,  recueilles  pax  Littleton;  par  M.  David  Houard.  A  Rouen,  de  l>primerie 
de  Richard  Lalleraant,'  m.dcc.lxvi.  2  vols.  4to,  t.  u.  p.  76. 

*  The  Laws  of  William  the  Conqueror,  with  notes  and  references,  8tc. ;  translated 
into  English,  with  occasional  notes.  By  Robert  Kelham,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  London, 
printed  for  Edward  Brooke/  m.dcc.lxxix.  8vo. 

*  Die  Gesetse  der  Angelsachsen  .  .  .  herausgegeben  von  Dr.  Reinhold  Schraid. 
Erster  Thiel.  Leipzig  :  F.  A.  Brockhaus.  1832.  8vo,  p.  174 — 183.  The  Norman  hi 
one  column,  and  a  German  translation  in  the  other. 

It  is  wonderful  enough  that  in  the  '  Biographie  Universelle,'  article  4  Guiilaume-lc 
Conquerant,'  by  M.  Nicolle,  there  8hould  be  no  mention  of  these  Laws. 

4 


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Report  of  M.  Michel  on  English  Libraries. 


481 


manccs'of  the  Anglo  and  Dano-Saxon 
cycles  bad  escaped  the  scythe  of  Tims. 
Besides  •  the  Lay  of  Havelok,'  which  I 
have  republished  at  Paris,  and  the  4  Ro- 
mance of  King  Atla,  which  exists  in  French 
in  the  Library  of  the  late  Richard  Heber, 
and  hf  which  there  is  a  Latin  version  in 
the  collection  of  manuscripts  which  whs 
left  by  Archbishop  Parker  to  Corpus 
Chris ti  College,  Cambridge,  I  knew  that 
there  was  a  4  Romance  of  Horn  and  Ri- 
me!,' in  two  manuscripts  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  the  one  among  the  Harleian  MSS. 
fNo.  527,  veUum,  double  columns,  small 
folio),  the  other  belonging  to  my  late 
learned  friend  Mr.  Francis  Douce.  I  ob- 
tained the  loan  of  this  manuscript,  and 
made  a  complete  copy  of  it ;  to  which  I 
added  the  variant  e  a  of  the  Harleian  manu- 
script, which  is  defective  at  the  beginning 
and  end,  but  which  nevertheless  contains 
in  the  middle  of  the  poem  a  part  which  is 
wanting  in  the  manuscript  of  Mr.  Douce. 
Afterwards  I  found  at  Cambridge  a  third 
manuscript  of  this  work,  equally  defective 
in  beginning  and  end ;  but,  besides  excel- 
lent readings,  it  furnished  me  the  means 
of  diminishing,  if  not  of  filling  up,  the 
lacunae  of  the  manuscript  of  Mr.  Douce. 
This  work,  to  which  I  have  added  the 
Scotch  ballads  on  the  same  hero,  taken 
from  the  collections  of  Cromek  and  Mo- 
therwell, is  ready  for  the  press,  with  the 
English  versions  from  the  manuscripts  in 
the  Harleian  library,  in  the  Bodleian,  in 
the  University  library  at  Cambridge,  and 
in  that  of  the  Advocates,  at  Edinburgh. 

I  had  just  published  the  4  Roman  de  la 
Violette,'  my  work  on  Hugh  of  Lincoln, 
and  the  •  Roman  d'Eustache  le  Moine,' 


which  I  had  enriched  with  a  great  number 
of  historical  documents"  and  charters 
taken  from  the  British  Museum,  the  Tower 
of  London,  and  the  archives  of  the  Chap- 
ter House  at  \Vestminster,when  1  received 
from  you,  Monsieur  le  Ministre.  the  order' 
to  examine  the  manuscripts  of  the  Travels 
in  the  East  of  the  Monk  William  de  Ru- 
bruguis,  whom  our  King  Louis  IX.  sent, 
in  1253,  as  ambassador  to  the  Khan  of 
the  Tartars.  I  transcribed  the  Royal 
MS.  14  C.  XIII.  which  only  contained 
the  half  of  it.  After  this  I  went  to  Cam- 
bridge,whcre,  aided  by  a  young  and  learned 
Englishman,  member  of  that  University,® 
I  transcribed  the  manuscript  of  Corpus 
Christi  College,  No.  lxvi.  which  contains 
a  complete  copy  of  this  relation.  To  this 
I  added,  with  the  assistance  of  the  same 
coadjutor,  the  various  readings  of  the 
manuscripts  of  the  same  collection,  No. 
ccccvn.  and  clxxxi.  of  which  the  one 
is  incomplete  like  the  manuscript  of  Lon- 
don, and  that  of  Lord  Lumley,  which  was 
published  by  Hakluyt.  Our  work  was 
afterwards,  with  your  authorization,  Mon- 
sieur le  Ministre,  offered,  through  the 
learned  M.  de  Larenaudiore,  to  the  So- 
ciety of  Geography  of  Paris,  who  immedi- 
ately ordered  it  to  be  printed  in  oue  of  the 
volumes  of  its  Mlmoires.  Moreover,  the 
Society  placed  at  our  disposal  the  manu- 
script of  Vossius,  preserved  at  Leyder, 
of  which  we  shall  give  the  variantea.* 
We  shall  place  at  the  end  of  our  edition 
of  the  relation  of  W.  de  Rubruquis,  that 
of  the  monk  Sawulf,10  and  the  whole  of 
the  Voyage  to  the  Holy  Land  of  Bernard 
the  Wise,  which  Mabillon  has  already 
published  from  a  Manuscript  at  Reims, 


"  The  following  is  a  new  instance  of  the  mention  of  Eustace,  which  came  too  late 
for  my  edition  : 

44  En  meisme  eel  seisoun  un  grant  seignour  q'avoit  A  noun  Eustace  le  Moigne  od 
autres  grantz  seignours  de  France  voloint  estre  venuz  en  eel  tcrre  od  grant  poair  pur 
eyder  Lowys.  Mais  Hubert  de  Burgh  et  lez  v.  portz  od  viij.  nefes  soulement  lez  en- 
counterent  en  la  mere  et  lez  assailcrent  egrement,  si  lez  conquistrent,  et  couperentles 
testez  Eustas  le  Moygnc,  et  pristrent  dez  grantz  seignours  de  Fraunce  et  lez  mis- 
trent  en  prisouu."    Scala  Chron.  MS.  Corp.  Chr.  Coll.  Camb.  fol.  186,  v°. 

8  Mr.  Thomas  Wright,  B.  A.  of  Trinity  College. 

9  Mr.  T.  Wright  informs  me,  that  he  has  hopes  of  obtaining  the  various  readings  of 
another  manuscript,  belonging  to  Sir  Thomas  Phillips,  Bart,  of  Middle  Hill,  Worces- 
tershire. 

10  From  the  manuscript  CXI.  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  vellum,  12th  century,  p. 
37.  The  other  manuscripts  of  this  college  which  excited  my  interest  are,  the  manu- 
script No.  L.  which  is  of  vellum,  and  of  the  twelfth  century.  It  contains  the  *  Roman 
du  Brut,'  by  Wace  ;  4  the  Roinanz  de  un  chivaler  e  de  sa  dame  e  de  nn  clerk  *  L'Es- 
turie  de  Syres  Amis  e  Amilurs  '  l'Estorie  des  iiij  soeurs  'the  Romans  de  Qui  de 
Wunryk.*  The  manuscript  XC1.  of  the  fourteenth  century,  on  vellum,  contains  the 
'  Hystoires  des  seigneurs  de  Gaures,'  of  which  a  short  analysis  is  given  in  the  cata- 
logue by  Nasmith,  page  61.    The  author  says,  that  it  was  first  written  in  Greek,  then 

ited  into  Latin,  thence  into  Flemish,  and  lastly  iuto  French  the  last  day  of 
1355.    I  also  took  a  copv  of  an  alphabetical  collection  of  the  4  Provcrbes  de 
ice,*  manuscript  CCCCL.  page  252. 
^WW.-Wao.  Vol.  IV.  3Q 


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482  Report  q/M.  Michel  on  English  Libraria.  [Nor. 

that  contained  but  the  half,  and  after-  tish  Museum,  bat  I  could  not  succeed  is 
wards  it  will  be  followed  by  the  relation  finding  it.    At  the  same  time  I  learnt  with 
of  John  du  Flan  Carpin.  grief  that  the  manuscript  which  contained 
I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining,  in  the  chronicle  of  Frodoard  was  burnt,  with 
the  library  of  Trinity  College,  a  superb  so  many  others,  in  the  fire  which,  on  the 
manuscript  of  the  twelfth  century,11  which  3d  of  Nov.  1731,  injured  the  Cottonian 
contains  a  triple  version,  Latin,  Anglo-  library  while  it  was  deposited  at  West- 
Saxon,  and  French,  of  the  Psalter.    I  minster.  As  all  the  copies  of  this  chronicle 
found  that  the  latter  was  the  same  as  that  which  we  possess  in  France  begin  with  the 
which  is  contained  in  the  celebrated  ma-  year  919,  although  originally  it  contained 
nuscript  known  as  the  4  Manuscript  of  forty-two  years  more,  as  Frodoard  b< 
Carbic.'    I  found  also  in  the  same  library  his  recital  with  the  year  877,  it  would  ; 
a  manuscript  of  the  4  Romance  of  Ronce-  been  a  matter  of  great  interest  to  know  at 
vaux'  ;13  but  I  thought  it  too  modern  to  what  year  this  manuscript  began, 
merit  transcribing.    I  also  confined  my-        During  the  time  while  I  continued  the 
self  to  taking  a  note  of  the  manuscript  O.  transcription  of  the  chronicle  of  Benoit  de 
2,  14,  of  the  same  college,  which  contained  Sainte-More,  I  took  a  copy  of  the  4  Trey- 
a  French  metrical  translation  of  the  ser-  tiz  que  mounsire  Gauter  de  Bibeleswortite 
mons  of  Maurice  de  Sully,  bishop  of  Paris,  fist  a  ma  dame  Dyonisie  de  Mounchensy 
a  translation  unknown  to  the  learned  com-  pur  aprise  de  langwage,20  and  of  the  H  ar- 
pilers  of  the  *  Histoire  Litterare  de  la  leian  manuscript  4334  (vcL  of  the  end  of 
Prance;'"  and  I  also  took  notes  of  the  the  twelfth  century),  which  contains  a 
French  songs  of  William  de  la  Pole,  Duke  long  fragment  of  the  Romance  of  Gerard 
of  Suffolk,  of  the  4  Riote  du  Monde,'  of  de  Roussillon,  in  tbelangue  d'ou,  and  of  a 
the  4  Roman  de  toute  Chevalerie,'  by  part  of  the  Burneau  manuscript  553,  which 
Thomas  of  Kent,15  of  the  French  and  contains   *  Patriarchs  Hierosolynutani 
English  Grammar  of  Walter  de  Bibles-  Epietola  ad  Innocentium  Papain  III.  de 
worth,10  and  of  a  collection  of  Contes  De-  statu  Terne  Sanctae.    I  examined  also  the 
vots  in  French  verse  of  the  thirteenth  cen-  Cottonian  manuscript,  Claudius,  B,  xx. 


tury.  (2  col.  vel.  of  15th  century),  which 

In  my  researches  in  the  public  library  tains  4  prima  pars  cbronicorum  Helinandi 

of  the  university,  I  met  with  the  fragment  monachi  ordinis  Cisterciensis,  which  is 

of  the  4  Romance  of  Horn',1?  of  which  I  not  contained  in  the  manuscripts  of 


have  already,  Monsieur  le  Ministre,  had  chronicles  preserved  in  France ;  and  I 
the  honour  to  speak ;  4  le  Romans  du  reis  lated,  with  Mr.  William  Henry  Black,  the 
Yder,18  which  belongs  to  the  cycle  of  the  manuscripts  of  the  life  of  Merlin,  com  - 
round  table ;  and  *  la  Estoire  de  Seint  posed  in  Latin  verse  in  the  twelfth  ceav. 
jlidward  le  rei,'  translated  from  the  Latin  tury,  by  the  famous  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
into  French  rimes  of  the  twelfth  or  thir-  mouth."  I  collected,  also,  materiala  for 
teenth  century.  I  extracted  from  it  the  the  historical  collection  on  William  the 
part  relating  to  the  battle  of  Hastings  and  Conqueror  and  his  sons,  which  I  shall 
the  conquest  of  England,  which  I  have  now  have  the  honour  of  describing  to  you. 
printed  in  a  collection  which  I  shall  have  This  collection,  which  you  have  allowed 
the  honour  to  describe  to  you  presently.  me  to  publish  at  Rouen,  under  your 
On  my  return  to  London  I  made  a  auspices,  will  form  two  volumes  8vo,  of 
careful  search  after  a  manuscript  of  a  his-  which  the  first,  which  is  ready  for  publi- 
tory  of  Lisieux,  composed  by  a  monk  cation,  will  contain,  1st.  half  the  Anglo- 
named  Picard,  a  volume  which  M.  l'abbe  Norman  metrical  chronicle  of  Geoffrey 
de  la  Rue  asserts  that  he  saw  in  the  Bri-  Gaimar,"  a  poet  of  the  twelfth  century; 

11  R.  17.  1.       13  R.  3.  32,  paper,  16th  century.       w  See  vol  xv.  pp.  149—158. 

16  O.  9.  34.  Trinity  College.  i«  O.  2.  21.  Trinity  College. 

•7  Manuscript  Ff.  6.  17.  11  MS.  Ee.  4.  26.  >»  Ee.  3.  59. 

3  >  Manuscript  Arundel,  British  Museum,  No.  220.  The  same  work  is  also  found 
in  the  Harleian  Manuscripts  490  and  740 ;  and  a  fragment,  half  effaced,  is  contained 
in  the  Cottonian  Manuscript,  Vespas.  A.  VI.  fol.  60,  v°.  It  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
catalogue.    See  page  434,  col.  2. 

21  It  forms  part  of  a  monograph  upon  Merlin,  which  is  in  the  press  at  Paris,  at  the 
expense  of  the  learned  and  generous  M.  de  Larcnaudiere,  and  which  will  he  published 
by  the  bookseller  Silvestre. 

22  The  first  part,  which  treats  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  king?,  has  been  printed  by  Mr. 
H.  Petrie,  keeper  of  the  archives  of  the  Tower  of  London,  and  will  appear  in  his  first 
volume  of  the  great  collection  of  the  English  historians,  edited  from  the  manuscripts 
of  the  British  Museum,  the  College  of  Arms,  and  of  the  cathedral  libraries  of  Durham 
and  Lincoln. 


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Report  of  M.  Michel  oil  English  Libraries. 


483 


2d.  a  part  of  the  life  of  St.  Edward  alrea- 
dy mentioned;  3d.  the  continuation  of 
Wace's  Brut,  by  an  anonymous  poet  of 
the  thirteenth  century;  4th.  a  part  of  the 
chronicle  of  Peter  de  Langtoft,  canon  of 
Bridlington,  in  Yorkshire,  and  a  rhymer 
of  the  fourteenth  century ;  5th.  a  consi- 
derable portion  of  the  chronicle  of  Benoit 
de  Sainte-More  ;  6th.  the  dit  de  Guil- 
laume  d'Angleterre,  by  Chrestien  de 
Troyes.  The  second  volume  will  contain, 
1st.  the  Latin  life  of  Hereward,  edited 
from  a  manuscript  at  Cambridge,  with 
introduction  and  notes,  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Wright ;  2d.  the  Latin  life  of  Earl  Wal- 
theof  and  of  Judith  his  wife,  from  a  manu- 
script of  the  public  library  of  Douai ;  3d. 
a  Latin  poem  by  one  Guido,  on  the  battle 
of  Hastings,  published  from  an  unique 
manuscript  in  the  public  library  of  Brus- 
sels ;  4th.  the  Latin  life  of  Harold,  the 
last  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  kings,  which  I 
have  transcribed  from  a  manuscript  for- 
merly belonging  to  Waltham  Abbey,  in 
the  county  of  Essex,  where  Harold,  its 
founder  and  benefactor,  was  buried,  which 
manuscript  now  belongs  to  the  Harleian 
library;  5th..  notes,  a  double  glossary, 
and  index. 

As  from  time  to  time,  Monsieur  le  Mi- 
nistre, the  Museum  is  closed  for  a  week 
or  two,  I  employed  this  time  in  making 
researches  into  other  public  or  private 
libraries.  On  one  of  these  occasions  I 
examined,  in  the  library  of  the  palace  of 
Lambeth,  which  belongs  to  his  grace  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  an  old  and  in- 
complete Anglo-Norman  poem  on  the 
conquest  of  Ireland  by  Henry  II.**  I 
immediately,  with  the  permission  of  the 
learned  prelate  to  whom  it  belongs,  tran- 
scribed it,  and  I  have  put  it  in  the  press 
in  London,  where  it  will  be  published  by 
William  Pickering. 

I  pass  in  silence  researches  undertaken 
with  the  object  of  clearing  certain  points, 
on  which,  for  want  of  documents,  the 
learned  were  not  agreed,  to  the  journey 
which  I  made  to  Oxford  to  labour  in  the 
libraries  of  the  colleges  of  that  university, 
and  more  particularly  in  the  Bodleian.  ' 

This,  Monsieur  le  Ministre,  was  in  the 
beginning  of  July,  1835.  I  began  my 
labours  with  transcribing  the  '  Song  of 
Roland,  or  the  Romance  of  Roncevaux,' 
which  b  contained  in  the  manuscript 


Digby,  of  the  twelfth  century,  No.  23.  I 
recognized  this  version  as  that  of  which 
we  have  later  remain*  in  the  manuscript 
Of  the  royal  library  at  Paris,  No.  722?*, 
in  which  about  1500  verses  of  the  begiu- 
ning  are  wanting ;  in  that  of  M.  liourdil- 
lon,  formerly  belonging  to  M.  le  comte 
Garnier,  peer  of  France;24  in  a  manuscript 
of  the  library  of  the  town  of  Lyons  ;  and 
in  that  of  the  library  of  Trinity  College, 
which  I  have  already  had  the  honour  to 
mention  to  you.  I  also  remarked  with 
astonishment  that  nearly  all  the  couplets 
of  this  poem,  which  are  inassonante  rhyme, 
often  rude,  end  with  the  word  aoi.  I  said 
to  myself,  and  I  still  say,  may  not  this  be  a 
manner  of  hourra,  or  cry  of  battle  ?  It  ia 
a  curious  question,  which  perhaps  I  shall 
have  the  good  fortune  to  solve  in  my  in- 
troduction to  this  poem,  which,  with  your 
authorization,  Monsieur  le  Ministre,  I 
have  just  put  in  the  press  at  Paris,  to  be 
published  by  the  bookseller  SiWestre. 

I  afterwards  transcribed  an  Icelandic 
ballad  upon  Tristan,  which  will  appear  in 
my  collection ;  a  part  of  the  *  Romance  of 
Gerard  de  Roussillon,*4  and  some  other 
pieces,  which  it  would  be  too  long  to  men- 
tion here.  Then  leaving,  though  with  re- 
gret, the  Bodleian  library,  1  examined 
those  of  the  colleges  of  Oxford.  The  only 
thing  of  importance  which  I  found  is  a 
manuscript  on  vellum,  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  containing  a  complete  copy  of  the 
travels  in  the  East  of  the  French  monk 
Bernard  the  Wise,*6  of  which  I  have  al- 
ready had  the  honour  of  speaking,  when 
mentioning  our  edition  of  William  de  Ru- 
bruquis. 

Need  I  mention  here,  Monsieur  le  Mi- 
nistre, that  (desirous  of  furnishing  to  my 
countrymen,  who  might  wish  to  study  the 
Anglo-Saxon  and  Gothic,  a  special  biblio- 
graphy which  might  guide  their  first  steps,) 
I  have  composed,  with  Mr.  John  Kemble, 
a  catalogue  of  all  the  printed  works  in 
Anglo-Saxon  and  Gothic,  which  I  have 
been  able  to  find?  Permit  me  to  add, 
that  this  Catalogue,  which  I  have  reason 
to  think  as  complete  as  possible,  is  now, 
with  your  authorization,  in  the  press  at 
Paris,  to  be  published  also  by  Silvestre. 

I  think  it  right  that  I  should  indicate 
to  you  two  works,  whose  importance  can- 
not be  doubted,  but  of  which  I  was  unable, 
for  want  of  time,  to  take  copies.    I  allude 


**  Manuscript  of  Lambeth,  No.  596.  See  on  the  work  which  it  contains,  *  Notes 
to  the  Second  and  Third  Books  of  thp  History  of  King  Henry  the  Second,'  &c.  by 
George  Lord  Lyttelton.   The  second  edit.  Lond.  1767,  4to.  p.  270. 

u  There  ia  a  modern  copy  of  it  in  the  royal  library,  Supplement  Francais,  254a», 
4to  paper. 

"  Canonici  Manuscripti,  No.  94,  obloug  folio,  vel.  13th  century,  of  173  folios,  the 
siting  of  about  1200. 
*  Manuscript  of  Lincoln  College,  29,  4to. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


484 


[Nov. 


to  a  Latin  chronicle  of  occurrences  in 
Prance  from  GH3  to  820 ;  and  more  parti- 
cularly to  a  poem  in  Anglo-Norman  verses 
of  twelve  syllables,  composed  by  Jordan 
Fantome,  a  trouv^re  of  the  twelfth  century, 
on  the  war  which  Henry  the  Younger 
raised  against  his  father  Henry  II.  of 
England ;  two  manuscripts  which  are  pre- 
served in  the  library  of  the  cathedral  of 
Durham.-?  I  was  equally  unable  to  visit 
Lincoln,  where  are  also  preserved  some 
curious  manuscripts  in  the  Anglo-Norman 
language ;  among  others,  a  copy  of  the 
chronicle  of  Geoffrey  Gaimar,  which  has 
been  already  mentioned  in  this  report. 
Another  will  be  more  fortunate  than  I, 


and  will,  I  sincerely  hope,  soon  pubh-L 
the  work  of  Jordan  Fantome.  May  the 
editor  be  a  Frenchman  ! 28 

I  conclude,  Monsieur  le  Ministre,  an! 
am  tempted  to  reproach  myself  with  hav- 
ing been  too  long ;  but  it  was  my  doty  to 
render  you  a  scrupulous  account  of  my 
time.  I  now  wait  with  respect  and  confi- 
dence the  judgment  you  will  think  proper 
to  pronounce  on  the  manner  in  which  1 
have  fulfilled  my  mission.  Whatever  may 
be  your  words,  whatever  may  be  the  rr- 
compence  that  you  may  think  good  to 
accord  to  me,  I  am,  and  shall  always  he, 
&c.  Francisque  Michel. 


ADVERSARIA. 

AFTER  the  restoration  of  Charles  the  been  well  acquainted,  and  which  the 

Second,  somebody  perceived  that  the  Pythian  might  have  appropriately  used 

letters  C.  R.  which  stand  for  Carolus  in  this  case. 

Rex,  occur  contiguously  in  the  word   

Sacred.    Accordingly  it  became  cus-       There  is  a  carious  mistake  in  the 

tomary,  for  a  time,  to  print  the  word  Apology  of  Jnstin  Martyr,  in  c.  39. 

with  those  two  letters  in  capitals, —  where  he  says,  that  Ptolemy,  king  of 

thus  saCRed.    Probably  this  practice  Egypt,  sent  to  Herod,  who  then  ruled 

did  not  last  long,  as  the  subsequent  over  the  Jews,  for  a  copy  of  Hebrew 

unpopularity  of  the  Court  must  have  Scriptures,  out  of  which  circumstance 

made  it  appear  ridiculous.  grew  the  Septuagint  version.  Now 

•■■  ■  ■  the  fact  is,  that  in  no  instance  were  a 

There  is  a  passage  in  Herodotus,  Herod  and  a  Ptolemy  contemporaries, 

b.  4,  c.  1C3,  which  has  puzzled  all  the  Yet  surely,  on  this  occasion,  when  he 

commentators.    The  Pythia  of  Delphi  was  presenting  his  apology  to  a  philo- 

tells  Arcesilaus  of  Cyrcne,  that  if  he  soph ical  emperor,  it  was  most  desirable 

does  not  observe  her  directions,  he  not  to  incur  the  ridicule  of  making 

will  destroy  himself,  and  also  a  very  erroneous  statements.     This  shows 

beautiful  bull.    The  latter  clause  is  how  little  historical  accuracy  was  then 

generally  supposed  to  relate  to  his  understood,  when  a  native  of  Palestine 
father-in-law,  Alazir.  It  is  curious,  could  make  such  a  mistake  in  the  bis- 
that  in  the  Indian  laws  of  Menu  (chap,  tory  of  his  own  country.  Nothing 
8),  Justice  is  represented  under  the  can  be  more  erroneous  than  the  second 
form  of  a  bull.  Inconsequence,  every  book  of  the  Maccabees.  Even  Jo- 
person  who  is  guilty  of  injustice,  is  sephus  has  strangely  erred  in  his  ac- 
said  to  have  killed  a  bull.  Is  there  count  of  the  two  Sanballats,  and  of 
an  allusion  here  to  the  Oriental  figure?  the  Septuagint.  Among  such  instances 
—with  which  the  Cyrenian  might  have    the  minute  accuracy  of  St.  Luke,  in 

27  4  Codicum  manuscriptorum  ecclesiae  cathedralis  Dunelmcnsis  catalogus  classicus, 
descriptus  a  Thoma  Rud'  (edid.  J.  Raine).  Dunclmie  :  excudebat  F.  Humble,  &c. 
1825,  fol.  P.  300,  manuscript  C.  IV.  15,  4to.  Chronica  Pipini,  consisting  of  27 
leaves.  M.  Rud  believes  it  to  be  incdited.  The  writing  of  the  12th  century.  P.  311, 
manuscript  C.  IV.  27,  4to.  The  Brut  of  Wace ;  Gaimar's  History  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  kings ;  and,  folio  138  to  165,  the  Chronicle  of  Jordan  Fantome.  P.  312, 
manuscript  C.  IV.  276.    The  '  Roman  d' Alexandre,'  14th  century. 

241  I  ought  to  have  terminated  ray  report  in  addressing  my  thanks  to  Sir  Frederick 
Madden,  assistant  keeper  of  the  manuscripts  of  the  British  Museum  ;  to  Messrs.  An- 
tonio Panizzi,  Thomas  Wright,  Joseph  Stevenson,  O'Gilvie,  H.  J.  Rose,  J.  Holmes, 
Young,  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy,  W.  Pickering,  Petrie,  W.  Whewell ;  to  the  Rev.  Drs. 
tarab,  Buckland,  and  Bandinel ;  and  to  Messrs.  W.  Cureton,  Jacobson,  Calcott ; 
who  furnished  me  with  the  means  of  continuing  my  labours,  and  who  introduced  me 
into  all  the  public  and  private  literary  depots  which  I  desired  to  search. 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.] 


Adversaria. 


485 


Acts,  is  wonderful.  Grabe  gets  rid  of 
the  difficulty  in  Justin  Martyr,  by  a 
conjectural  emendation. 

Potter,  in  his  Antiquities  of  Greece 
(vol.  i.  b.  ii.  c.  17),  remarks  that  the 
Greeks  took  a  superstitious  care  to 
avoid  all  words  of  ill-omen,  so  that 
they  would  6ay  house  for  prison,  a 
sacred  thing  (ayos)  for  an  abominable 
crime  (jjlvo-os),  &c.  May  not  this  be 
the  reason,  why  Virgil  employs  that 
extraordinary  phrase 

Auri  sacra  fames? 


The  Index  of  Texts,  in  the  new  edi- 
tion of  Archbishop  Magee  on  the 
Atonement,  is  by  no  means  correct  in 
its  references.  Whenever  the  work  is 
reprinted,  this  index  ought  to  be  re- 
vised. The  references  in  the  body  of 
the  book  are  also  inaccurate. 


It  is  curious,  that  in  Wales,  or  on 
the  borders  of  the  Principality,  several 
places  occur  which  have  given  names 
to  families  that  are  now  only  found  in 
Scotland,  or  at  least  are  always  of 
Scottish  extraction ;  viz.  Hay,  Ross, 
Huntley,  and  Montgomery. 

One  of  the  most  perfect  specimens 
of  alliteration,  but  a  very  harsh  one, 
occurs  in  the  fourth  canto  of  Childe 
Harold,  in  the  description  of  Venice  : 

Statues  of  glass,  all  shivcr'd;  the  long  file 
Of  her  dead  Doges  are  declin'd  to  dust. 

One  of  the  best  epigrams  extant  is 
contained  in  Bowring's  Specimens  of 
the  Dutch  Poets ;  it  is  taken  from 
Gerbrand  Brederode,  who  lived  in  the 
seventeenth  century : 

Could  fools  but  feel  their  want  of  sense, 
And  strive  to  earn  intelligence, 

They  would  be  wiser  for  their  pains  ; 
But  'tis  the  bane  of  folly  ever 
To  think  itself  supremely  clever, 

And  thus  the  fool  a  fool  remains. 

Bulls  are  considered  to  be  so  exclu- 
sively  of  Irish  production,  that  an 
Oriental  one  can  hardly  expect  to  be 
received  as  genuine.  A  Hindoo  mili- 
tary officer,  wishing  to  know  what 
o'clock  it  was  during  the  night,  called 
for  a  lantern  and  candle,  that  he  might 
ascertain  the  hour  from  a  sun-dial 
that  had  lately  been  constructed  by 


the  English.  This  fact  is  related  in 
the  Journal  of  Travels  by  Messrs.  Ben- 
nct  and  Tyerraan,  vol.  ii.  p.  372. 

There  is  a  History  of  England, 
written  upon  Whig  principles,  1723, 
8vo.  2  vols,  anonymous,  but  printed 
for  Knnpton  (the  publisher  of  Hou- 
bracken's  Heads),  with  poor  engravings 
of  all  the  Kings,  by  M.  Vandcr  Gucht. 
In  this  work  we  have  a  contemporary 
character  of  Swikt.  "  About  this 
time  likewise  (1713)  Dr.  Jonathan 
Swift,  who  had  served  the  present  ma- 
nagers, by  writing  several  libels  against 
the  Whigs  and  last  Ministry,  was,  by 
the  Duke  of  Ormond,  promoted  to  the 
Deanery  of  St.  Patrick,  Dublin."  vol. 
ii.  p.  314.  The  book  itself  impudently 
professes  to  be  "  faithfully  extracted 
from  Authcntick  Records,  Approved 
Manuscripts  (?),  and  the  most  cele- 
brated Histories  of  this  kingdom  in  all 
languages,  whether  ecclesiastical  or 
civil." 


In  the  History  of  England  quoted 
above,  occurs  the  following  notice  of 
Pope's  friends,  the  Craggs.  "  On  the 
sixteenth  of  February  (1720)  died  the 
Secretary  of  State,  James  Craggs,  jun. 
a  man  of  a  bright  genius  and  of  lively 
parts ;  a  good  speaker,  a  generous 
friend,  and  an  able  minister.  His 
death  so  much  affected  his  father  (who 
was  also  attached  by  the  Committee 
of  Secrecy  for  Corruption  of  the  South- 
Sea  project,  and  was  designed  for  a 
sacrifice  by  some),  that  he  likewise 
died  on  the  sixteenth  of  March,  in  a 
lethargick  fit,  never  receiving  nor  ad- 
mitting any  comfort  after  the  loss  of 
a  son  for  whom  he  had  amassed  an 
infinite  heap  of  riches,  and  in  whom 
he  expected  all  the  happiness  that  ho- 
nours, and  grandeur,  and  the  favours 
of  a  court  can  bestow." — vol.  ii.  p.  408. 

It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  George 
Faulkcner,  Alderman  of  Dublin,  and 
the  favourite  printer  of  Dean  Swift, 
died  on  the  28th  of  August,  1775,  and 
on  the  31st  of  the  same  month,  died 
Foulis,  the  printer  to  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, celebrated  for  his  editions  of 
the  Classics. 

Henry  Thralc,  the  brewer,  who  is 
so  frequently  mentioned  in  Boswell's 
Life  of  Johnson,  had,  with  Felix  Cal- 


Digitized  by  Google 


AH6 


Adversaria. 


vert,  the  contract  for  supplying  5000 
butts  of  strong  beer  each,  to  the  troops 
at  Boston,  duriog  the  American  war 
in  1775.    An.  Reg.  p.  159. 

Ibid.  p.  209.  April  29,  1775,  died 
the  Rev.  Peter  Boehler,  a  Bishop  of 
the  Brethren's  Church  in  Fetter- lane. 
Is  this  the  Moravian  Boehler,  men- 
tioned in  Southey's  Life  of  Wesley  ? 

The  historical  writer  in  the  Annual 
Register  for  1776  (probably  Burke), 
speaking  of  the  infant  empire  of  Rus- 
sia, p.  189,  says,  "  Perhaps  there  is 
on  intermediate  period,  between  the 
roughness  of  barbarism,  and  a  refined 
state  of  cultivation,  in  all  brave  na- 
tions, when  the  manners  and  general 
cast  of  thinking  tend  to  produce  that 
peculiar  character  which  constitutes 
and  distinguishes  what  is  understood 
as  an  age  of  chivalry  or  heroism." 
This  observation  is  particularly  appli- 
cable to  the  heroic  or  mythological 
age  of  Greece,  the  history  of  Rome 
about  the  time  of  the  first  and  second 
Punic  wars,  the  two  first  centuries  of 
the  Caliphate,  Spain  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  America  at  the  present 
day. 

From  the  time  of  Philip  of  Mace- 
don,  the  decline  of  Greece  becomes 
evident.  A  sure  prognostic  of  it  is 
the  ascendancy  of  individuals.  From 
that  time  we  hear  little  of  rival  states, 
but  much  of  rival  potentates.  It  is 
no  longer  Athens,  Sparta,  Thebes,  that 
occupy  the  foreground,  but  Alexan- 
der, Antipater,  Antigonus,  Demetrius, 
Pyrrhus,  Cleomenes,  at  whose  move- 
ments the  states  are  turned.  The  only 
exception  is  found  in  the  Achaean 
league. 

The  "  Common -place -book  to  the 
Bible,"  which  bears  the  name  of  Locke, 
was  not  compiled  by  him.  In  the  edi- 
tion of  Whitby's  Commentary,  1709, 
vol.  i.  among  the  books  printed  for 
A.  and  J.  Churchill,  all  Locke's  works 
are  advertised.  A  little  lower,  among 
various  others,  occurs  "  A  Comraon- 
place-Book  to  the  Holy  Bible."  If 
this  be  the  same  book,  the  mistake 
may  have  arisen  from  its  being  an- 
nounced in  the  same  page  with  Locke's 
genuine  works. 


The  sarcastic  lines  in  Dryden's  Hind 
and  Panther, 

41  Unpitied  Hudibras,   your  champion 
friend, 

Has  shewn  how  far  your  charities  extend; 
This  lasting  verse  shall  on  his  tomb  be 

read,  dead  "  

He  shamed  you  living,  and  upbraids' you 

are  unjustly  levelled  at  the  Church  of 
England.  It  could  not  be  expected 
that  the  Church  would  own  the  vul- 
garity and  obscenity  of  Butler  as  allies, 
though  he  employed  them  in  ridicule 
of  her  enemies.  Nor  is  it  on  record, 
I  believe,  that  he  was  ever  acknow- 
ledged as  an  auxiliary.  With  much 
more  reason  might  their  neglect  of 
Defoe  be  objected  to  the  Dissenters, 
for  he  had  not  only  fought  their  battle 
bravely,  but  his  writings  were  unob- 
jectionable in  a  moral  point  of  view. 
His  biographer,  Mr.  Walter  Wilsoo, 
has  noticed  this  neglect,  without  being 
able  to  account  for  it. 

I  do  not  remember  to  have  met  with 
the  verb  to  areaten,  except  in  a  pastoral 
letter  of  John  Mason,  of  Water  Strat- 
ford (Bucks),  to  his  congregation, 
written  about  1694.  The  passage  is, 
"  Do  not  grcaten  your  sins  above 
God's  saving  power."  He  seems  to 
mean,  that  they  should  not  regard 
their  sins  as  being  above  God's  mercy, 
because  that  would  only  tend  to  de- 
spair. The  word  may  mean,  to  in- 
crease, to  augment,  but  such  could  not 
be  his  idea ;  exaggeration  is  the  mean- 
ing that  he  attaches  to  it. 

The  words  to  make  an  end  of  sins,  in 
Daniel  ix.  24,  arc  rendered  by  some 
commentators  to  abolish  sin- offerings, 
because  the  Hebrew  word  for  both  is 
the  same.  It  makes,  however,  no  real 
difference  in  the  sense,  because  the 
authorized  abolition  of  sin-offerings 
amounts  to  a  proof  that  they  are  no 
longer  required,  and  that  sin  is  no 
longer  imputed  to  mankind. 

Jeremiah  x.  11,  is  written  in  Chal- 
dee.  This  circumstance  has  occasioned 
much  di  scussion.  The  probable  rea- 
son is,  that  the  verse  was  dictated  in 
that  language  to  Hebrews,  so  that 
they  were  instructed  not  merely  what 
to  say  to  the  Babylonians,  but  also  in 
what  words  to  express  themselves  to 
a  foreign  people.    The  fact  of  their 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.]  Adve 

6peaking  Chaidee,  would  astonish  the 
Babylonians,  and  add  weight  to  the 
reproof. 

There  seems  to  be  a  peculiar  allu- 
sion in  the  word  furapopfyovoO*  (be  ye 
transformed),  in  Romans  xii.  2.  The 
Metamorphoses  of  Ovid  had  been  writ- 
ten within  the  century,  and  were,  no 
doubt,  at  that  time  a  popular  work. 
The  idea  of  transformation  was  familiar 
to  the  minds  of  Roman  readers  ;  and  it 
is  not  unlikely  that  St.  Paul  had  a  re- 
ference to  that  book  in  view,  and  used 
the  expression  as  one  into  which  they 
would  enter  very  readily. 

The  Tartars  have  a  custom,  of  long 
standing,  of  making  all  strangers  who 
visit  the  horde,  pass  between  two 
kindled  piles,  under  the  idea  of  puri- 
fying him  from  malign  influences. 
Even  ambassadors  and  potentates  are 
obliged  to  submit  to  this  process,  as 
well  as  private  individuals.  The  fact 
is  stated  by  M.  Abel  Remusat,  in  his 
Memoire  sur  lea  relations  politique*  des 
rois  de  France  avec  les  empereurs  Mon- 
gols, printed  in  the  Journal  AHatique, 
vol.  i.  p.  135.  The  practice  probably 
took  its  rise  from  observing  that  a 
pestilential  atmosphere  was  purified 
by  fire.  It  illustrates  the  superstitious 
ceremony  of  passing  through  the  fire, 
of  which  we  read  so  often  in  the  Old 
Testament. 

The  idea  of  a  property-tax  appears 
to  have  originated  with  the  celebrated 
Vauban.  In  the  list  of  "  Books  print- 
ed for,  and  sold  by  Geo.  Strohan,  at 
the  Golden  Ball  in  Cornhill,"  append* 
ed  to  Leslie's  "  Short  and  Easie  Me- 
thod with  the  Jews,"  1709,  occurs 
the  following  announcement.  "  A 
Project  for  a  Royal  Tythe,  or  General 
Tax ;  which  by  suppressing  all  the 
Ancient  Funds  for  raising  the  publick 
Revenues,  and  for  ever  abolishing,  all 
Exemptions,  unequal  Assessments,  &c. 
will  furnish  the  Government  with  a 
fix'd  and  certain  Revenue,  sufficient 
for  all  its  Exigencies  without  oppress- 
ing the  Subject.  By  the  famous  Mon- 
sieur Vauban,  Marshal  of  France,  &c." 

The  following  inscription  was  ob- 
served on  a  sun-dial  in  Normandy: 
Soli  Soli  Soli. 
The  meaning  probably  was  this  : 
To  the  Only  Sun  of  the  Earth. 


art*.  487 

Is  number  singular  or  plural  ?  Mr. 
Short,  in  his  Church  History,  says, 
"  the  number  of  his  (Wiclifs)  follow- 
wers  were  doily  drawing  the  attention 
of  the  Church."   Vol.  i.  p.  90. 

Those  who  object  to  revelation  on  the 
ground  of  its  being  above  human  com- 
prehension in  many  respects,  would 
probably  have  treated  it  no  better  if  the 
case  had  been  reversed.  They  would 
then  have  objected  to  its  very  sim- 
plicity, and  argued,  that  what  was  not 
above  human  comprehension,  might 
have  been  produced  by  man,  and  there- 
fore all  presumption  was  against  the 
idea  of  a  supernatural  origin. 

There  is  an  indistinct  expression  in 
Mr.  Short's  Church  History  (vol.  i.  p. 
142),  which  might  be  taken  for  a 
blunder.  Speaking  of  Elizabeth  Bar- 
ton, the  pretended  prophetess,  he  says, 
"  She  and  some  of  her  accomplices 
were  afterwards  hanged,  and  then 
made  a  confession  of  the  cheat."  By 
the  word  then  he  evidently  means,  at 
that  time,  but  in  such  a  collocation  its 
usual  signification  is  afterwards.  Mr, 
Short  is  a  candid  and  conscientious 
writer,  but  not  a  perspicuous  one. 

The  nature  of  the  King's  supremacy 
in  the  Church  of  England,  as  claimed 
by  Henry  VIII.  is  best  explained  in 
Bishop  Tonstal's  letter  to  Pole  (Burnet 
iii.  Records,  No.  52),  "  That  he  pre- 
tended not  to  the  cure  of  souls,  but  to 
that  authority  which,  while  it  vindi- 
cated his  kingdom  from  a  foreign  and 
usurped  power,  would  compel  all  per- 
sons within  his  dominions  to  conform 
to  the  laws  of  God." — See  Short's 
Church  History,  vol.  i,  p.  HO. 

The  custom  of  writing  sermons  is 
said  to  have  originated  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  when  such  of  the  clergy 
as  were  licensed  to  preach,  were  so 
frequently  molested  on  account  of  their 
expressions,  that  they  adopted  the 
practice,  in  order  to  refute  malicious 
or  erroneous  accusations. — See  ibid, 
p.  185. 

It  is  not  generally  known,  that  a  son 
of  the  celebrated  Scottish  reformer, 
John  Knox,  was  a  minister  in  the 
Church  of  England.  His  name  was 
Eleasar.  He  was  ordained  one  of  the 
preachers  of  the  University  of  Cam- 


Digitized  by  Gocwle 


488  Advt 

bridge,  and  instituted  vicar  of  Clacton 
Magna,  in  Essex.— Life  of  Knox,  by 
M'Crie,  vol.  ii.  p.  268. 

After  all  that  has  been  said  about 
the  evils  of  lay  patronage,  there  is  a 
sufficient  remedy  in  the  hands  of  the 
Bishops.  No  person  can  be  presented 
to  a  living,  who  has  not  first  been 
ordained  by  them  ;  the  lay  patron  can 
only  choose  out  of  such  persons  as  are 
already  ordained  by  the  Bishops.  It 
rests  with  them  to  sec  that  only  fit 
persons  are  ordained,  for  then  none 
but  fit  persons  can  receive  preferment. 
Nothing  is  wanting  to  secure  an  unex- 
ceptionable body  of  clergy,  but  the 
being  first  assured,  that  the  candidates 
are  perfectly  fit  in  all  moral  and  doc- 
trinal respects.  They  should  be  exa- 
mined, not  only  as  to  their  knowledge, 
but  as  to  the  line  of  conduct  they  mean 
to  pursue  in  discharge  of  their  office. 
It  would  help  to  train  up  men  for  the 
ministry,  if  no  person  was  ordained 
without  having  first  studied  the  prac- 
tical details  of  his  calling,  under  some 
clergyman,  by  accompanying  him  in 
his  parochial  walks,  &c.  Many  well- 
disposed  persons  are  hampered  after 
their  ordination,  by  findiug  that  they 
have  then  everything  to  learn,  whereas 
if  this  plan  were  adopted,  they  would 
enter  upon  their  office  ready  prepared 
for  all  its  avocations,  and  thoroughly 
qualified  for  discharging  them.  The 
diaconal  year  might  be  devoted  to 
assisting  clergymen  in  the  mechanical 
parts  of  their  duty,  which  would  afford 
the  clergyman  himself  more  time  for 
the  intellectual  and  spiritual  ones. 


The  original  name  which  is  Helle- 
niscd  into  Mithridates,  occurs  in  the 
Bible.  "  Mithredath,  the  treasurer," 
is  mentioned  Ezra  i.  8.  The  name 
signifies  Given  of  God,"  and  answers 
to  the  Dirudonne'  of  the  French,  the 
Diodati  of  the  Italians,  and  the  Diodotus 
and  Theodotus  of  the  Greeks.  Adeo- 
datus  was  the  Latin  name  of  the  son  of 
St.  Augustin,  as  well  as  of  the  sixth 
archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

In  the  list  of  the  Lexicons  to  the 
Greek  Testament,  prefixed  to  that  of 
Schleusner,  only  a  single  English  one 
is  inserted,  namely,  Leigh's  Critica 
Sacra.  If  this  was  not  the  only  work 
of  the  kind  before  the  appearance  of 
Parkhurst,  it  certainly  was  the  moat 
complete.    The  edition  particularized 


taria.  [Nov. 

is  that  of  1650,  being  the  third.  This 
work  possesses  a  peculiar  convenience, 
as  it  is  both  a  Greek  and  Hebrew  Lei- 
icon,  within  the  compass  of  a  single 
volume ;  nor  is  it  by  any  means  su- 
perseded by  later  works  of  the  same 
kind. 


As  an  instance  of  the  difficulty  which 
foreigners  find  in  pronouncing  the 
English  language,  one  has  only  to  ob- 
serve the  seven  following  words,  which 
are  all  spelt  alike,  but  which  differ 
widely  in  their  pronunciation:  — 
Through,  bough,  dough,  tough,  cough, 
the  surname  Gough,  and  the  Irish 
lough  (pronounced  loch). 

How  comes  the  word  lieutenant  to 
be  pronounced  as  if  the  first  syllable 
were  spelt  lif?  At  all  events  it  is  as 
old  as  the  time  of  Charles  I.  ;  for  in 
Richard  Clarke's  sermons,  1637,  P#  39, 
we  read,  "  the  kings  of  all  lands  are 
his  lievetcnants,"  where  it  is  printed 
with  a  v  instead  of  «.  Perhaps  it  arose 
from  using  one  letter  to  represent  both 
sounds. 

The  word  atone,  in  the  sense  of  re- 
concile, occurs  in  the  same  work,  p. 
61  : — "  God  and  man,  sinne  has  dis- 
joyued  them  ;  but  Christ  hath  attoncd 
them." 

A  piece  of  conjectural  criticism, 
which  can  hardly  be  excelled  for  rash- 
ness, occurs  in  Jackson's  Letters  on 
Baptism,  a  work  of  merit  in  other  re- 
spects. The  author  proposes  to  trans- 
late John  iv.  2.  "Though  truly  Jesus 
himself  baptized  none  except  his  disci- 
ples." This,  he  thought,  was  the  true 
sense  of  the  words,  *'  Though  Jesus 
himself  baptized  not,  but  his  disciples." 
To  support  this  translation,  he  reasons 
upon  the  meaning  of  conjunctions  and 
pronouns  ;  and  adds,  that  several  ap- 
parently discordant  passages  "  are  re- 
conciled by  the  translation  here  pro- 
posed." Never  was  a  more  unfortu- 
nate attempt  at  translation !  The 
original  Greek  will  bear  no  translation 
but  the  received  one.  That  which  Mr. 
Jackson  has  proposed  is  not  merely 
inadmissible :  it  is  impossible.  He  does 
not  quote  a  single  version  or  MS.  to 
justify  such  a  distortion  of  the  Evan- 
gelist's meaning.  Surely  he  must  have 
altered  the  English  to  what  he  con- 
ceived its  sense  to  be,  without  consult- 
ing the  Greek.  .  A.nsklm. 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.] 


489 


POETRY. 

ON  HEARING  THE  MESSIAH 

LAST  PERFORMED  IN  GLOUCESTER  CATHEDRAL,  SEPT.    18,  1835. 

Oh,  stay,  harmonious  and  sweet  sounds,  that  die 
In  the  long  vaultings  of  this  ancient  fane, 
Stay !  for  I  may  not  hear  on  earth  again 
Those  pious  airs — that  glorious  harmony. 
Lifting  the  soul  to'hrighter  orbs  on  high. 
Worlds  without  sin  or  sorrow ! 

•  Ah !  the  strain 

Has  died — e'en  the  last  sounds  that,  lingeringly. 
Hung  on  the  roof  ere  they  expir'd  1 

And  I— 

Stand  in  the  world  of  strife,  amidst  a  throng, 
A  throng  that  recks  not  or  of  death,  or  sin  ! 
Oh  jarring  scenes !  to  cease,  indeed,  ere  long ; 
The  worm  hears  not  the  discord  and  the  din. 
But  he  whose  heart  thrills  to  this  *  aogel  song, 
Feels  the  pure  joys  of  heav'n  on  earth  begin  1 

W.  L.  Bowlbs,  Canon  Residentiary  of  Salisbury. 


THE  POET. 

SUGGESTED  BY  A  PASSAGE  IN  THE  MEMOIRS  OP  GOETHE. 

By  the  Rev.  John  Mitford. 

Well  did  the  Sage  from  Wisdom's  shrine 
Declare  what  choicest  gifts  must  meet ; 

Her  blessings  rare  how  fortune  join 
To  form  the  Poet's  mind  complete. 

Ah  !  where  the  child  of  Genius  strays, 
Breathe  gales  from  soft  Ionia's  shore  ; 

The  genial  pulse  of  Nature  plays. 
Content  io  be — he  asks  no  more. 

And  then  to  meet  his  eagle  eye, 

Outspread  a  land  of  lustre  bright ; 
Embath'd  in  Noon's  crystalline  skv. 

Or  flush'd  with  Eve's  reflected  light. 

Ah  !  rise  !  ah  !  young  Aurora,  rise 

To  meet  the  Bard's  insatiate  gaze  ; 
And  pour  along  the  morning  skies. 

Thy  richest  sheaf  of  opal  rays. 

From  yonder  green  hill's  shelving  side 
He  marks  the  seaward  rivers  flow ; 

And  opening  all  its  glories  wide 

The  laughing  landscape  gleams  below. 

A  land  of  faery  bliss  it  seems, 

Sweet  woods,  and  lakes,  and  pastures  gay ; 
While,  lit  by  Morning's  orient  beams, 

The  aerial  mountains  trend  away. 


*  Caradori's  14  Rejoice  greatly,"  most  exquisitely  sun?. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV.  3  R 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


490 


The  Poet. 


The  vision  sinks !— earth,  seas  are  fled, 
Intenser  dame  his  bosom  burns ; 

And  o'er  the  shadows  of  the  dead 
The  Poet's  eye  enraptured  turns. 

He  stands  upon  the  Persian's  grave ; — 
What  soul-ennobling  thoughts  are  near ; 

Wave  !  child  of  song  and  genius,  wave 
The  flowers  to  thee  and  freedom  dear. 

And  see  where  Phidias'  breath  has  warm'd 
To  life  the  ail-but  vocal*  stone  ; 

And  in  the  depth  of  ages  form'd 
The  immortal  temple  frowns  alone. 

How  bright  with  Truth's  reflected  face 
Great  Titian's  world  of  lustre^  gleams  ; 

How  pure  in  Raphael's  virgin  grace 
The  form  of  Love  celestial  beams. 

But  ah  !  what  sky-born  form  descends. 
What  more  than  mortal  glories  shine ; 

To  crown  her  blessings.  Nature  sends 
The  spell  of  beauty's  smile  divine. 

Come  in  thy  matchless  lustre  rare 
Before  the  bard's  enraptured  sight ; 

And  wave  that  rich  resplendent  hair. 
And  bend  those  eyes  of  dewy  light. 

The  spell  is  wove ! — the  charm  complete, 
Now  Rapture  strikes  the  awaken'd  lyre ; 

And  see,  where  Love  J  and  Music  meet 
To  feed  the  Promethean  fire. 

Thus  Nature  round  her  favourite  child. 
Assembles  all  her  gifts  divine  ; 

And  Genius  brings  his  offspring  wild 
To  watch  in  Wisdom's  deepest  shrine. 

The  Conscience  clear, — the  Spirits  gay ; 

By  faith,  the  latest  boon  is  given ; 
And,  lit  on  earth,  the  ascending  ray 

Points  upward  to  its  home  in  heaven. 


THE  FARMER'S  DAUGHTER. 
"lam  neither  lady,  nor  pretty,  and  can  go  home  by  myt^."— Fadst. 

On  Debcn's  banks  our  little  farm 

Smil'd  sweetly  from  its  sylvan  nook, 
And  trees,  and  blooming  orchards  kept  it  warm, 
And  we  drew  water  from  a  silver  brook. 
My  days  were  soft  and  bright  as  dew, 
A  happier  little  being  never  knew 
A  mother's  love— than  Margaret  Drew. 


•  Vide  Erinnie  Epigramma  IX. 

f  II  vero  Natural  di  Titiano,  v.  Son.  di  Ag.  Caracci. 

t  Vide  Corinne  de  Mad.  de  Start. 


1835.]  The  Farmer  s  Daughter*  491 

Well  could  I  read,  and  write,  and  use 

My  shining  needle,  seldom  still ; 
My  mother  would  not  let  me  lose 

My  time  in  idleness,  which  leads  to  ill. 
Plain  was  my  dress,  and  neat,  and  clean, 

And  tidily  my  clothes  I  kept; 
And  ever  when  I  went  to  bed, 
I  heard  my  mother's  gentle  tread, 

Kissing  me  e'er  J  slept. 

Along  my  chamber-sill  I  set 

Pots  of  sweet  flowers,  and  mignionette. 

And  mid  my  combs,  and  pins,  and  brushes  there. 

And  little  trinkets  for  my  hair, 

I  always  kept 

Before  I  slept 
The  lessons  of  my  book  of  prayer. 
And  lessons  good  my  heart  receives 
From  Bernard  Barton's  golden  leaves. 

Sometimes  by  way  of  company 

The  good  old  Vicar  came  to  tea. 

Crossing  the  pleasant  meads,  and  lea, 

In  his  black  dress : — and  talk'd  to  me ; 

And  ever  though  it  snow'd,  or  rain'd. 

And  my  little  kid- boots  were  sadly  stain 'd  ; 
I  walk'd  to  the  Church  over  field  and  stile, 

And  with  my  p raver- book  in  my  hand 

How  often  lingenng  would  I  stand, 
Reading  the  grave-stones  with  a  thoughtful  smile. 
I  gave  to  all  a  modest  greeting 
Except  the  folks  who  came  from  meeting ; 
For  my  father  drank  to  Church  and  King, 
And  the  Meeting-folks  love  no  such  thing. 

We  kept  no  maid : — and  1  had  much  to  do  ; 

A  farm-house  is  a  very  busy  place. 
I  milk'd,  and  churn 'd,  and  bak'd,  and  learn'd  to  brew  ; 

And  ever  with  a  cheerful  heart  and  face, 
Laughing  1  went  about  my  work,  and  singing. 
And  ever  from  my  dear,  dear  mother  bringing 

A  duty,  or  a  grace. 

Oh !  'twas  a  happy  time  indeed 

So  much  to  learn,  to  love,  to  do ; 
I  taught  my  little  sisters  how  to  read, 
I  help'd  my  father  in  his  need. 
And  got  our  world  of  business  through. 
I  luss'd,  I  nurs'd,  I  dress'd,  I  fed, 
I  rock'd  the  baby  in  his  little  bed. 

Then  my  reward  at  evening  came 

A  countless,  countless  throng  of  blisses ; 
When  at  leisure,  and  at  case. 
Sitting  on  my  mother's  knees, 
With  something  betwixt  smiles  and  sighs, 
She  look'd,  as  'twere,  into  my  eyes. 

And  smother'd  all  my  cheek  with  kisses. 
And  ever  when  I  went  to  rest, 
1  pray'd  upon  my  mother's  breast. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


492  Lines  to  the  Memory  of  the  Rev  B.  Ritson.  [Nov. 

A  plain  good  man  my  father  was, 

A  good.  God-fearing  man  was  he ; 
Buying  and  selling  he  was  just. 
At  market  men  would  take  his  trust. 
He  counted  gold  to  be  as  dust, 

Compared  to  honesty. 

Our  home,  our  little  sylvan  home 
Was  cheerful  as  a  hive  of  bees. 

w 

No  gossips,  and  no  scandal  came 
To  set  our  neighbourhood  in  flame ; 

No  idle,  sauntering  slatterns  there ; 
No  old  maids  with  their  mouths,  like  purses. 
Squeezing  out  compliments  like  curses, 
(Like  owls,  who  their  flight  to  smother, 
Look  one  way,  and  fly  another) 

Disturb'd  our  purer  air; 
We  liv'd  in  fear  of  God  ;  and  mind 
Fill'd  with  love  to  human-kind. 

The  beggar  never  from  our  door 

Turn'd  without  his  crust  of  bread  ; 

And  many  were  they  who  were  fed 
From  our  little  store. 
My  father  said — '  that  gold  to  all 
"Was  either  honey,  or  was  gall : 
Wealth  ill  to  get,  or  ill  to  save. 

Of  man  entrapp'd,  consum'd  the  whole  ; 
It  gave  the  victory  to  the  grave, 

To  death  the  human  soul.'  J.  M. 


INSCRIPTION 

TO  THB  MEMORY  OF  THE  RKV.  BARTHOLOMEW  RlTSON,   M.  A.* 

If  Charity,  impartial  as  the  sun, 
If  Goodness,  unaffected,  ever  won 
Thy  admiration,  pause  a  moment  here, 
Muse  on  this  humble  record,  and  revere ! 

Pious  and  cheerful,  you  might  ever  trace 
The  good  man's  heart  of  kindness  in  his  face ; 
Welcom'd  by  all,  the  rich  man's  pleasing  guest, 
But  most  the  friend  of  him  the  most  distress 'd  ; 
Faithful  and  humble,  his  example  prov'd 
The  truths  he  publish 'd,  and  the  Lord  he  lov'd. 
Where'er  he  went,  such  love  his  worth  inspir'd, 
E'en  they  who  would  not  copy,  still  admir'd ; 
The  good  from  him  receiv'd  a  holier  flame. 
The  bad  stood  sclf-reprov'd — and  each  became, 
(So  winning  was  the  garb  Religion  wore,) 
Better  and  happier  than  he  was  before. 

So,  where  some  fresh 'niiig  stream  meand'ring  strays, 
Fertile  and  gay  the  scene,  its  course  displays, 
And  though,  at  length,  it  mix  with  ocean's  tide, 
And  the  springs  fail,  by  gracious  Heav'n  supplied. 
Still  we  can  trace  the  blessings  it  bestow'd, 
And  praise  the  source  from  whence  those  blessings  flow'd. 
Lowestoft.  R.  P. 


•  See  Obituary,  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  in.  p.  665,  New  Scries. 

Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]  493 

RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


EMBLEMS,  By  FRANCIS  QUARLES. 
"  1  DO  not  call  ideas  those  ready-made  conversations,  that  talking  matter 
which  the  first-comer  may  make  his  own,  and  which  is  a  species  of  stucco, 
serving  only  as  a  covering  for  folly,  or  to  fill  up  the  cracks  of  idleness."  Such 
are  the  words  of  a  modern  French  writer  in  the  *  Livre  de  Cent-et-un/  They 
have  a  melancholy  truth  when  applied  to  the  contrast  of  our  own  existing 
literature  with  that  of  the  time  of  James  or  Charles  the  First : — an  age  abound- 
ing in  thought,  as  ours  overflows  with  words  : — an  age,  when  the  pen  moved 
under  the  dominion  of  some  lofty  and  ennobling  passion,  and  men  wrote  with 
a  fearless  hand  and  a  full  mind.  In  a  paper  like  the  present,  professing  only 
to  recall  a  few  passages  from  the  works  of  a  neglected  poet,  it  would  be  idle  to 
begin  upon  the  characteristics  of  that  glorious  epoch.  But  it  is  delightful  to  re- 
member the  fervent  piety,  the  devout  reverence,  the  untiring  patience  inculcated 
with  so  much  earnestness  by  many  of  the  most  admirable  compositions  of  those 
days.  The  tree  of  poetry  struck  its  deepest  roots  in  holy  ground,  and  spread 
out  its  greenest  and  fairest  branches  beside  the  hallowed  waters  of  Sion.  Amid 
the  noble  band  whose  voices  were  lifted  up  in  the  hymn  of  praises,  Quarles 
deserves  particular  mention.  It  was  the  wish  of  Waller  that  every  effusion  of 
his  fancy  might  be  forgotten  which  did  not  drive  a  moral.  With  one  or  two 
unimportant  exceptions,  Quarles  is  entitled  to  the  high  commendation  of  having 
rendered  his  fancy  subservient  to  the  cause  of  piety  and  virtue.  That  such  an 
individual  .should  have  become  the  victim  of  slander  and  ignorant  contempt, 
furnishes  no  pleasant  recollection  to  the  student  of  our  elder  poetry.  His 
genius  has  recently  been  made  the  theme  of  laudatory  criticism ;  and  it  may 
therefore  be  considered  unnecessary  now  to  dwell  upon  it  at  any  length.  In 
the  vigour  and  healthful  tone  of  his  intellect,  he  certainly  yielded  to  none  of 
his  contemporaries.  It  has  been  said  that  he  was  often  ungraceful  but  never 
weak.  The  very  robustness  of  his  genius  diminished  its  flexibility,  and  while 
it  scarcely  ever  fails  to  command  our  respect,  it  often  misses  our  sympathy. 
His  versification  is  generally  neglected  and  deficient  in  melody  and  sweetness. 
He  seems  to  have  been  too  intent  on  the  sentiment  to  regard  the  tone  of  voice 
in  which  it  was  uttered.  But  even  in  this  branch  of  art,  excellence  was 
within  his  reach.  The  reader  who  has  been  accustomed  to  consider  the 
heroic  metre  as  almost  entirely  shaped  into  beauty  by  Dryden  and  Pope,  will 
be  astonished  to  meet,  in  the  neglected  poems  of  Quarles,  with  specimens  of 
rich  and  varied  harmony,  worthy  of  the  happiest  efforts  of  those  great  adorners 
of  our  language.  In  the  harmony  and  the  pause  of  the  following  lines,  the 
hand  of  Pope,  or  rather  Dryden,  may  be  almost  traced  : 

The  way  to  bliss  lies  not  on  beds  of  down  ; 
And  he  that  had  no  cross,  deserves  no  croirn. 

History  of  Queen  Esther. 

Who  sends  affliction,  sends  an  end :  and  He 

Best  knows  what  '#  best/or  him,  what  '*  best  for  me.— Idem. 

The  flow  of  these  verses  is  also  natural  and  easy : 

How  precious  were  those  blessed  days,  wherein 

Souls  never  startled  at  the  name  of  Sin  ! 

When  as  the  voice  of  Sin  had  never  yet 

A  mouth  to  open,  or  to  claim  a  debt ! 

When  as  the  fruit-increasing  earth  obey'd 

The  will  of  man  without  the  wound  of  spade 

Or  help  of  art !  when  he  that  now  remains 

A  cursed  captive  to  infernal  chains 

Sat  singing  anthems  in  the  heavenly  quire 

Among  his  fellow  angels  I  when  the  brier. 

The  fruitless  bramble,  the  fast-growing  weed, 

And  downy  thistle,  had  ns  yet  no  seed  ! —  History  of  Samtson. 

How  seeming  sweet  the  quiet  sleep  of  Sin  I — Feast  for  Worms. 

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494 


Rktrospeotive  Review. 


The  following  may  be  cited  as  instances  of  happy  and  vigorous  expression  : 

Some  in  the  use  of  beauty  place  their  end  ; 
Some  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  country  friend  ; 
Like  wasted  lamps  such  bapinesscs  smother  ; 
Age  puffeth  out  the  one,  and  wants  the  other. 

Lives  he  in  weal  and  full  prosperity  ? 
His  wisdom  tells  him  that  he  lives  to  die. 
Is  he  afflicted  ?    Sharp  afflictions  give 

Him  hopes  of  change,  and  that  he  dies  to  live. — Job  Militant. 

But  woulda't  thou  conquer,  have  thy  conquest  crown'd 

By  hands  of  Seraphim  ;  triumph' d  with  the  sound 

Of  heaven's  loud  trumpet ;  warbled  by  the  shrill 

Celestial  quire  ;  recorded  with  a  quill 

Pluck'd  from  the  pinion  of  an  angel's  wing  ; 

Connrm'd  with  joy  by  heaven's  eternal  King : — 

Conquer  thyself!  thy  rebel  thoughts  repel  I 

And  chase  those  false  affections  that  rebel ! 

Hath  heaven  despoil' d  what  his  full  hand  hath  given  thee  ? — 

Nipp'd  thy  succeeding  blossoms,  or  bereaven  thee 

Of  thy  dear  latest  hope,  thy  bosom  friend  ? — 

Both  sad  despair  deny  these  griefs  and  end. 

Make  keen  thy  faith,  and  with  thy  force  let  flee  ; 

If  thou  not  conquer  him,  he  '11  conquer  thee. 

Advance  thy  shield  of  Patience  to  thy  head, 

And  when  Grief  strikes,  ' 'twill  strike  the  striker  dead. 

The  beautiful  fancy  of  recording  the  good  deeds  of  the  Christian  with  a  quill 
plucked  from  "  an  angel's  wing,"  has  been  introduced  by  Wordsworth  with 
peculiar  propriety  into  his  sonnet  on  the  lines  by  honest  Isaac  Walton. 

Of  the  facility  with  which  he  argued  in  verse,  these  lines  afford  an  example. 
They  have  the  masculine  and  sterling  sense  of  Cowper,  with  a  greater  force 
and  apparent  absence  of  labour : 

O  strange  Divinity  1  but  sung  by  rote ; 

Sweet  is  the  time,  but  in  a  wilder  note. 

The  moral  says  all  wisdom  that  is  given 

To  hoodwink' d  mortals  first  proceeds  from  heaven : — 

Truth 's  error,  wisdom  but  wise  insolence, 

And  light 's  but  darkness,  not  derived  from  thence. 

Wisdom 's  a  strain  transcends  morality ; 

No  virtue 's  absent,  wisdom  being  by. 

The  masterpiece  of  knowledge  is  to  know 

But  what  is  good,  from  what  is  good  in  show 

And  there  it  rests  : — Wisdom  proceeds  and  chooses 

The  seeming  evil,  th'  apparent  good  refuses  ; 

Knowledge  designs  alone  ;  Wisdom  applies  ; 

That  makes  some  fools  ;  this  maketb  none  but  wise. 

The  curious  hand  of  Knowledge  doth  but  pick 

Bare  simples ;  Wisdom  pounds  them  for  the  sick. 

In  my  afflictions,  Wisdom  apprehends 

Who  is  the  author,  what  the  cause  and  ends  ; 

It  finds  that  Patience  is  my  sad  relief, 

And  that  the  hand  that  caused,  can  cure  my  grief. 

To  rest  contented  here,  is  but  to  bring 

Clouds  without  rain,  and  heat  without  a  Spring. 

What  hope  arises  hence  ? — the  devils  do 

The  very  same ;  they  know  and  tremble  too. — Job  Militant. 

Again,  speaking  of  the  various  reputed  abodes  of  happiness, — 

Where  lies  she  then  ?  or  lies  she  any  where  ? — 
Honours  are  bought  and  sold — she  rests  not  there ; 
Much  less  in  pleasure  hath  she  her  abiding ; 
For  they  are  shared  to  beasts,  and  ever  sliding  ; 


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1835.] 


Emblems,  by  Francis  Quarks. 


Nor  yet  in  virtue — virtue  's  often  poor, 

And  crush'd  with  fortune,  begs  from  door  to  door ; 

Nor  is  she  sainted  in  the  shrine  of  wealth  ; 

That  makes  men  slaves,  is  unsecured  from  stealth. 

Conclude  we  then  felicity  consists 

Not  in  exterior  fortunes  ;  but  her  lists 

Are  boundless,  and  her  large  extension 

Outruns  the  pace  of  human  apprehension  ; 

Fortunes  are  seldom  measured  by  desert, 

The  fairest  face  hath  oft  the  fouler  heart: 

Sacred  Felicity  doth  ne'er  extend 

Beyond  itself ;  in  it  all  wishes  end. 

The  swelling  of  an  outward  fortune  can 

Create  a  prosperous,  not  a  happy  man  ; 

A  peaceful  conscience  is  the  true  content, 

And  wealth  is  but  her  golden  ornament.— Job  Militant. 

In  like  manner  Withers,  in  that  fine  animated  poem  accompanying  the  portrait 
prefixed  to  his  Emblems,  satirises  the  prostituted  talents  of  the  painters,  who  can 

 give  him  by  their  art, 

The  fairest  face,  that  has  the  falsest  heart? 

His  occasional  solemnity  and  dignity  of  sentiment  are  often  deeply  im- 
pressive. Here  is  a  thought  on  Death,  with  something  of  extravagance  and 
grotesque  painting,  but  boldly  and  strikingly  wrought  out.  He  seems  to  have 
written  it  under  the  shadow  of  his  mighty  theme : 

Methinks  I  see  the  nimble  aged  Sire 
Pass  swiftly  by  with  feet  unapt  to  tire  ; 
Upon  his  head  an  hour-glass  he  wears, 
And  in  his  wrinkled  hand  a  scythe  he  bears  ; — 
Both  instruments  to  take  the  lives  from  men ; 
One  shows  with  what,  the  other  showeth  when. 
Methinks  I  hear  the  doleful  passing  bell, 
Setting  an  onset  on  his  louder  knell ; 
This  moody  music  of  impartial  Death, 
Who  dances  after,  dances  out  of  breath. 
Methinks  I  see  my  dearest  friends  lament 
With  sighs,  and  tears,  and  woful  discontent ! — 
My  tender  wife  and  children  standing  by, 
Dewing  the  death-bed  whereupon  I  lie ! 
Methinks  I  hear  a  voice  in  secret  say — 
Thy  glass  is  run,  and  thou  must  die  to-day  I 

The  'wrinkled  hand'  of  Death,  the  'passing  bell/  the  warning  'voice 'heard  'in 
secret'  by  the  devoted  man,  are  beautiful  and  interesting  features  of  the  picture. 

The  pervading  characteristic  of  the  poetry  of  Quarles,  is  strong  sense  ex- 
pressed in  language  often  very  homely,  but  always  forcible  and  idiomatic.  Of 
the  picturesque,  or  the  simply  beautiful,  few  gleams  are  to  be  traced ;  yet  they 
are  not  altogether  wanting.  Mr.  Headly,  on  a  madrigal  of  Drummond,  quotes 
a  passage  from  the  Argalus  and  Parthenia,  which  he  regards  as  approaching 
nearer  to  the  manner  of  Milton  than  anything  he  ever  met  with  in  his  poetical 
reading.  He  refers  particularly  to  the  line  in  which  the  great  Poet  represents 
Death  as  '  grinning  horribly  a  ghastly  smile !' 

The  Goddess  of  Night  is  thus  portrayed  by  Quarles  : — 

Her  body  was  confined 
Within  a  coal  black  mantle,  thorough  lined 
With  sable  furs  ;  her  tresses  were  of  hue 
Like  ebony,  on  which  a  pearly  dew 
Hung  like  a  spider's  web  ;  her  face  and  shroud 
A  swarth  complexion,  underneath  a  cloud 
Of  black  curPd  cypress  ;  on  her  head  she  wore 
A  crown  of  burnish' d  gold,  beshaded  o'er 

/ 

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496     Retrospective  Review — Emblems,  by  Francis  Quarlcs.  [Nov. 

With  fogs  and  rory  mist ;  her  band  did  bc*r     *  /Sfl 
A  sceptre  and  a  .sable  henm  jhere. 
She  sternly  shook  her  dewf  locks,  and  brake 
?■  aJ  Mm        A  melameMy  smile.— b.  hi.  Af)  ^  ^  » 

His  similes  are  often  tender  and  pleasing.  The  following  is  beside*  ingeni- 
ous, and  affords  an  instance  of  observation  of  domestic  life,  not  common  in  the 

J)oets  of  his  age  : — 

Ev'n  as  a  hen,  whose  tender  brood  forsakes  Hi 

The  downy  closet  of  her  wings,  and  takes  T<"*  fefcttfttiM  J|M 

Each  its  affected  way,  marks  how  they  feed, 

This  on  that  crumb,  and  that  on  t'  other  seed,  MtftWto  UN 

Moves  a-  they  mow,  and  stays  when  e'er  they  stay, 
And  seems  delighted  in  their  infant  play  , 


Yet  fearing  danger,  with  a  busy  eye 
Looks  here  and  there,  if  aught  she  can  espy, 
Which  unawares  might  snatch  a  booty  from  her, 
Eyes  all  that  pass,  and  watches  every  comer, — 
Even  so  the  affection 


The  apostrophe  to  Chastity  has  the  delicacy  and  fancy  of  Crashaw — the 
brightest  of  all  the  minor  poets  of  that  fruitful  period.    The  touches  are  givca 

by  a  most  gentle  pencil  : — 

O  Chastity  !  the  flower  of  the  soul, 
How  is  thy  perfect  fairness  turned  to  foul! 
How  are  thy  blossoms  blasted  all  to  dust, 
Hy  sudden  lightning  of  untamed  lust  I 
How  hast  thou  thus  defil'd  thy  ivory  feet ! 
Thy  sweetness  that  was  once,  now  far  from  sweet. 
Where  are  thy  maiden  smiles,  thy  blushing  cheek? 
Thy  lamb-like  countenance  so  fair,  so  meek  ? 
Where  is  that  spotless  flower,  that  while  ere 
Within  thy  lily  bosom  thou  didst  wear  ? — 
Hast  wanton  Cupid  snatch'd  it  ?  hath  his  dart 
Sent  courtly  tokens  to  thy  simple  heart  ? 
Where  dost  thou  bide  ?    The  country  half  disclaims  thee  ! 
The  city  w  onders  when  a  body  names  thee  : 
Or  have  the  rural  woods  engross'd  thee  there,  |      .^4  j 
And  thus  forestall'd  our  empty  markets  here  ? — 
Sure  thou  art  not,  or  kept  where  no  man  shows  thee, 
Or  changed  so  much,  scarce  man  or  woman  knows  theef 

HlSTOBY  OF  Ql'KE.N  EsTHFR. 

But  the  few  remarks  we  have  ventured  to  offer  upon  Quarles.  would  be  in 
complete  without  a  specimen  of  his  ordinary  manner,  which  was  a  curiou 
compound  of  serious  humour  and  devout  exhortation: — 

FR.M'S  MUNDt. 

What  is  the  world  ?  a  great  exchange  of  ware, 
Wherein  all  sorts  and  sexes  cheapening  are; 
The  Flesh,  the  Devil  sit  and  cry—  W/tat  lack  ye? 
"SN  hen  most  they  fawn,  they  most  intend  to  rack  ye. 
The  wares  are  cups  of  joy  and  beds  of  pleasure, 
There's  goodly  choice,  down  weight,  and  flowing  measure; 
A  soul  \s  the  price  but  thev  give  time  to  pay — 
Upon  the  death- bed,  on  the  dying  day. 
Hard  is  the  bargain,  and  unjust  the  measure, 
When  as  the  price,  so  much  outlasts  the  pleasure.    *      -  " 
The  jovs  that  are  on  earth  Rre  counterfeits  ; 

If  ought  be  true,  'tis  this— IV  are  (me  deceit*.        >'<■  » \*»»  *H 
They  flatter,  fawn,  and  (like  the  crocodile)    >  M  tiult      . ■■  «    .  » 
Kill  where  they  laugh,  find  murder  where  they  smile  I 
They  daily  dip  within  thy  dish,  and  cry, 

Who  hath  l/elraid  thee  ?    Master,  Is  it  IT  Pfntelooia. 

Perhaps  no  man  but  Quatles  would  ever  have  attained  to  the  ingenious 

eccentricity  of  the  last  couplet. 

G  <4fr» 

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1835.]  497 

REVIEW  OP  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

A  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land.    By  my  travels.    The  public  was  not  in  my 

Alphonse  de  la  Mart  inc.    3  vol*,  thoughts  when  I  wrote  them.   And  how 

(Translated.)  did  I  write  them?    Sometimes  during 

_____  _  _    _  the  repose  of  noon,  under  the  shade  of  a 

THE  name  of  La  Martine  has  been  palm-tree,  or  of  the  ruins  of  a  monument 

long  associated  with  some  of  the  most  m  the  Desart ;  oftener  at  night,  by  the 

beautiful  poetry  which  his  country  has  tight  of  a  resin  torch,  under  our  tent, 

ever  produced;  it  is  now  also  to  be  beaten  by  the  wind  and  rain.   One  day 

joined  to  a  very  delightful  work,  a  to  thc  Ml1  of  *  Maronite  convent  of  Le- 

work  written  with  feeling  and  with  banon ;  another,  rocked  in  an  Arab  bark, 

taste,  with  sound  and  select  observa-  or.  on  -T  de?,k  of  •  bri«»  amidst  the 

tion,  enriched  with  judicious  reflec-  ,cne8  of  the,8*;lors'  ^  neighings  of  the 
tions   and  adorned  and  embellished  -*£ 

with  the  beauty  of  a  poetic  imagina-  dent  to  a  journey  by  Und  or  sea.  Some- 

t.on.    M.  la  Martine  possesses  all  a  times  I  have  passed  a  week  without 

poet's  love  of  nature ;  has  all  a  poet's  writing ;  sometimes  the  loose  pages  of 

discriminating  eye,  and  all  his  sympa-  my  album  have  been  torn  by  the  jackals, 

thetic  ardour.    We  have  had  many  or  steeped  in  the  sand." 
▼ery  accomplished  travellers  who  have       "  ?  was  born,"  he  says,  "  a  poet,  that 

traversed  the  very  same  scenes,  parti-  'S|  wittl  more  or  less  intelligence  of  that 

cipated  in  the  same  feelings,  described  beautiful  language  in  which  God  speaks 

the  same  people,  enjoyed  thc  same  re-  1°  alllmcn»      to  fome  more  clearly  than 

collections ;  but  they  have  not  had  ^nrut.her81Wthr°agh  theT  medlulm  if 

M.  la  Martine's  sensibility,  nor  his  J^'J^^SS*  1 

.    ,_  •       |  "         9  logos   of  nature,  this  word  formed  of 

taste  in  selecting,  nor  h.s  picturesque  image8  and  not  of  sounds,  in  the  moun- 

glow  in  description,  nor  his  elegance  tains,  in  the  forests,  in  the  lakes,  on  the 

of  composition  ;  neither  the  warmth  borders  of  the  abysses,  and  the  torrents 

of  his  geniua,  nor  the  impressive  power  of  my  country  and  of  the  Alps.    I  had 

of  his  language.    Some  of  the  descrip-  even  translated  into  written  language  some 

tions  in  '  Corinne '  approach  more  of  the  accents  which  had  moved  me,  and 

closely  to  his,  than  any  others  we  re-  wnicn  in  their  turn  moved  other  souls ; 

member;  the  same  fervour  of  feeling,  yu*  the*e  accents  no  longer  sufficed  me, 

the  same  skill  in  selecting  and  group-  J.       «hau»ted  the  small  portion  of 

ing,  the  same  boldness  in  projecting  I?/Jl^ord8  w^ch  the  ^  /  Europe 

the  essential  parts  at  once  to  the  mind  •  Z    horel  Z"ntl  1       *°  ^  °3 

»v-  e   5f_    .     « •  .  *  otner  snores  aerents  more  sonorous  and 

the  same  fertility  in  discovering  ana-  more  brilliant   My  imagination  was  ena- 

logies,  and  the  same  depth  in  sound-  moured  of  the  sea,  the  deserts,  the  moun- 

mg  the  emotions  of  the  mind  ;  the  tains,  the  manners  and  traces  of  the  Deity 

same  happiness  in  catching  the  reflex  in  the  East.    All  my  life,  the  East  had 

lights  that  are  thrown  from  the  mate-  been  the  waking  dream  of  my  darksome 

rial,  on  the  mirror  of  the  mental  powers,  days,  in  the  autumnal  and  winter  fogs  of 

M.  la  Martine  indeed  will  claim  a  my  natal  valley.   My  body,  like  my  soul, 

distinction  for  the  future,  as  a  travel-  !8  the  chlld  of      8un-    It  requires  light, 

ler  as  well  as  a  poet.    His  work  bears  lt  "quirea  that  ray  of  life  which  the 

the  stamp  of  genius,  and  is  one  that  fPIendld,orb  darts>  not  from  the  shattered 

nn  r.,«_-„     •?   .  bosom  of  our  western  clouds,  but  from 

^^^iH^J^  hT"  dcPth  °f  that  *7  of  P-Ple  which  re 

country  can  throw  ,nto  the  shade:.  Bemble8  the  mouth  of  a  furnace ;  those 

Tor  the  eye  of  the  traveller  to  see  cor-  rays  which  are  not  merely  a  glimmer,  but 

recti  y,  bu  heart  must  feel  strongly;  which  descend  burning  hot,  which  in  fall - 

the  vivid  description  must  come  from  ing  calcine  the  white  rocks  and  sparkling 

the  overflowing  mind.    M.  la  Mar-  pinnacles  of  the  mountains,  and  which 

tine  asserts  that  he  travels  '  as  a  poet  tinge  the  ocean  with  scarlet,  as  if  a  fire 

and  philosophy*.'  wepe  kindled  in  its  waves.  I  felt  a  strong 

wish  to  handle  a  little  of  that  earth  which 

"  Neither  science,  nor  history,  nor  was  the  land  of  our  first  family,  the  land 

geography,  nor  a  representation  of  the  of  prodigies ;  to  see,  to  wander  over  this 

mgtoms  of  the  countries  will  be  found  in  evangelical  scene,  whereon  was  rep  re- 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  3  S 


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498        Revikw.— La  Marline's  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land.  [Not. 


Rented  the  great  drama  of  divine  wisdom 
straggling  with  error  and  human  perver- 
sity, where  moral  truth  suffered  martyr, 
dom,  to  fertilize  with  its  blood  a  more 
perfect  civilization,*'  &c. 

M.  la  Martine  finds  in  Greece  no- 
thing but  the  skeleton  of  the  perished 
form  ;  the  ruins  of  her  ancient  glory. 
In  his  eye,  she  has  lost  all  her  vital- 
ity, all  her  power  of  resuscitation ; 
she  has  past  away  from  among  the 
nations.    Even  nature,  he  thinks,  par- 
ticipates in  her  decline.   The  earth  is 
barren  and  desolate ;  her  streams  no 
more  warble  through  their  poetic  chan- 
nels ;  her  skies  are  gloomy  as  those  of 
Savoy  or  Auvergne.    Accordingly,  he 
hastens  on  to  Asia :  where  all  his  reli- 
gious fervour,  his  poetical  enthusiasm, 
and  his  admiration  of  nature  has  room 
to  expand.    His  description  of  his 
house  at  Beirout,  with  the  account  of 
the  natives  and  the  scenery,  is  told 
with  taste  and  spirit.    His  visit  to 
Lady  H.  Stanhope  is  not  less  amusing ; 
and  we  think  he  treated  her  lady- 
ship's eccentricities  and  astrological 
prophecies  as  tendeily,  and  politely,  as 
well  to  support  the  galante  character  of 
his  countrymen.    Poor  Lady  Hester! 
she  only  fled  from  the  follies  of  Europe, 
to  plunge  into  the  superstitions  of 
Asia;  and  she  appears  to  have  dis- 
closed her  esoteric  doctrines  more  fully 
to  the  French  poet  than  to  any  other 
worshipper.    But  we  cannot  linger  in 
the  valleys  of  Lebanon,  even  to  sec 
the  beautiful  mare  that  is  destined  by 
her  Ladyship  for  the  coming  Messiah. 
We  must  give  an  extract  from  M. 
la  Martine's  description  of  the  awful 
scenery  on  his  return  on  the  high 
mountains  that  separate  Dgioun  from 
Deir-el-Kammar,  because  it  is  here 
that  the  spirit  of  the  poet  and  the  phi- 
losopher is  more  fully  poured  out. 

"  On  our  right  and  left  arose,  like  two 
perpendicular  ramparts,  to  the  height  of 
three  or  four  hundred  feet,  two  chains  of 
mountains,  appearing  to  have  been  re- 
cently torn  asunder  by  a  blow  from  the 
world's  creator ;  or  perhaps  by  the  earth- 
quake which  shook  Lebanon  to  its  very 
foundations,  when  the  Son  of  Man,  re- 
signing his  soul  to  God,  heaved  that  last 
sis;h  which  dispelled  the  npirit  of  error, 
oppression,  and  falsehood,  and  breathed 
truth,  liberty,  and  Ufe  over  a  renovated 
world.  Gigantic  blocks,  detached  from 
both  sides  of  the  mountains,  and  scat- 
tared  like  pebbles  cast  into  a  brook  by 


children,  formed  the  frightful,  deep,  and 
rugged  bed  of  this  dried -up  torrent  *  * 
Not  a  blade  of  grass,  a  stem,  or  creeping 
plant,  either  in  the  torrent,  or  on  the 
rugged  and  hard  slopes  on  both  sides  of 
the  abyss.    It  was  an  ocean  of  stones,  a 
cataract  of  rocks,  which  from  their  diver- 
sity of  shape,  the  strange  variety  of  their 
reclined  and  falling  positions,  the  play  of 
shade  and  light  on  their  sides  and  surface, 
appeared  in  a  state  of  liquid  motion.  If 
Dante  had  designed  a  picture  in  one  of 
the  Circles  of  this  hill,  the  hill  of  stones, 
of  aridity,  of  ruins,  of  Nature's  fall,  of 
the  world's  degradation,  of  ages  in  their 
decay,  this  is  the  scene  he  would  have 
taken  for  his  model.    The  view  is  such  a 
one  as  we  may  expect  to  behold  in  the 
world's  last  agony,  when  fire  shall  have 
consumed  every  thing,  when  the  bowels 
of  the  earth  shall  be  laid  bare,  and  be  no 
more  than  a  mutilated  block  of  calcined 
stones  beneath  the  footsteps  of  the  fearful 
Judge  descending  from  heaven  to  visit  it, 
We  followed  for  two  hours  this  valley  of 
lamentations,  without  any  other  varia- 
tion to  the  scene  than  the  repeated  wind- 
ings of  the  torrent  itself  between  the 
mountains,  and  the  more  or  less  frightful 
grouping  of  the  rocks  in  this  foaming  bed 
of  stones.    This  valley  will  ever  be  inde- 
libly impressed  on  my  imagination.  This 
must  have  been  the  primitive  land  of  all 
the  land  of  tragic  poetry,  and  of  human 
waitings.  The  pathetic  and  lofty  Language 
of  the  Prophecies  is  felt  here  in  all  its 
wild,  pathetic,  and  lofty  nature:  every 
image  of  Scripture  poetry  is  engraven  in 
large  letters  on  the  furrowed  face  of  Le- 
banon, and  of  its  gilded  tops,  its  stream- 
ing, or  its  silent  and  dread  valleys.  The 
divine  spirit,  the  superhuman  inspirations 
which  are  breathed  upon  the  souls  and 
harps  of  a  poetical  people,  to  whom  God 
spoke  by  symbols  and  images,  made  thus 
a  more  vivid  impression  upon  the  minds 
of  the  sacred  Bards  from  their  earliest  in- 
fancy, and  fed  them  with  a  stronger  nou- 
rishment, than  that  which  is  administered 
to  us  old  and  pallid  inheritors  of  the  an- 
cient harp,  who  are  exclusively  attracted 
by  the  aspect  of  a  graceful,  gentle,  and 
cultivated  nature,  a  nature  as  civilized  and 
faded  as  ourselves.' 

We  would  follow  up  this  brilliant 
passage  by  many  others  written  with 
the  eloquence  of  a  poet,  the  taste  of  a 
scholar,  and  the  fervour  of  a  religionist; 
but  our  limits  warn  us  to  contract  our 
design ;  and  rather  to  advise  M.  la 
Martine's  book  to  be  read,  not  in  our 
detached  fragments,  but  in  his  glowing 
and  continuous  narrative.  Everywhere 
the  reader  will  dbcover  marks  of  asupe- 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1 835  ]     Rkvibw.— La  Martiue's  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land. 


rior  intellect,  of  a  sound  discriminating 
judgment,  and  of  a  pure  benevolent 
and  devout  spirit.  His  pictures  of 
Aaia  are  most  vividly  designed,  and 
finely  grouped :  his  reminiscences  of 
Europe  have  something  better  than  the 
statesman's  knowledge.  The  poet 
prevails  throughout ;  but  then  it  is  the 
poet  in  the  highest  meaning  of  the  term, 
and  it  is  his  poetic  genius  that  flings 
such  a  magic  light  over  his  picturesque 
descriptions  at  one  time,  and  at  ano- 
ther gives  him  his  elevated  and  ab- 
stracted position,  as  he  surveys  from 
its  commanding  heights  the  actions 
and  fortunes  of  mankind.  The  poetry  of 
M.  la  Martine  is  truly,  what  poetry 
always  aspires  to  be  —  the  highest 
philosophy. 

As  in  an  extended  landscape  there 
are  a  thousand  beautiful  component 
parts,  so  in  M.  la  Mar  tine's  work  we 
could  point  out  innumerable  descrip- 
tions of  exquisite  elegance  and  beauty; 
and  our  only  difficulty  is  the  restraint 
to  which  we  subject  ourselves,  lest  we 
should  transfer  half  his  volume  to  our 
pages.    His  account  of  the  Emir  Bes- 
chir,  the  Emir  of  the  Druses  on  Leba- 
non, is  highly  interesting;  and  the 
narrative  is,  from  the  personal  sketches 
highly  picturesque.    The  view  from 
the  desart  of  Lebanon — the  visit  to 
Balbec— the  first  glimpse  of  the  en- 
chanted city  of  Damascus, — all  this  is 
told  with  a  painter's  graphic  skill, 
with  a  poet's  noble  eloquence.  We 
would  describe  M.  la  Martine's  view 
of  the  land  of  Canaan,  had  we  room 
in  our  pages  ;  but  we  advise  our  male 
readers  not  to  pass  it  over  lightly ;  and 
for  our  female,  we  should  recommend 
them,  in  their  intervals  from  party,  po- 
litics, and  scandal ;  from  Almack's  and 
the  Opera  in  winter;  from  Brighton 
and  Paris  in  the  summer;  from  Court- 
journals  and  Tract  Societies;  in  short, 
from  all  the  fearful  and  formidable 
apparatus  of  an  European  lady's  life, 
and  the  various  stimuli  which  are  ne- 
cessary to  keep  her  alive  and  in  good 
temper — to  listen  to  the  simple  his- 
tory of  her  Asiatic  sisters  : — 

*  To  live  for  one  dingle  man,  and  with 
one  single  thought,  in  the  interior  of  their 
apartments  ;  to  pass  the  day  on  a  divan, 
plaiting  their  hair,  and  disposing  the  nu- 
merous jewels  they  wear  with  grace  and 
elegance ;  to  breathe  the  cool  air  of  the 
mountains,  or  the  sea,  from  off  a  terrace, 


or  through  the  openings  of  a  trelliced  win- 
dow;  to  walk  awhile  under  the  orange 
trees  and  pomegranates  of  a  little  garden ; 
to  ruminate  on  the  banks  of  a  marble  basin, 
which  the  falling  water  animates  with  its 
murmur ;  to  take  care  of  the  domestic 
affairs-— to  make  the  bread,  the  sherbet, 
and  the  sweetmeats  with  their  own  bands; 
to  go  once  a  week  to  the  public  bath,  in 
company  with  all  the  young  damsels  in  the 
town;  and  to  sing  some  stanzas  of  the 
Arabian  poets,  and  accompany  their  voices 
with  a  guitar :  this  comprises  the  wholo 
lite  of  the  eastern  women.  Society  does 
not  exist  for  them ;  therefore  they  have 
none  of  those  false  feelings  which  self-love 
creates  in  society.  When  young  and 
handsome  they  are  wholly  engrossed  by 
love,  and  afterwards  devote  themselves  to 
their  children  and  their  domestic  duties. 
This  state  of  civilisation — is  it  equal  to 
any  other  ?' 

Our  last  quotation  shall  be  from  M. 
la  Martine's  description  of  Jerusa- 
lem : — 

*  Not  a  breath  of  wind  murmurs  a- 
mongst  the  battlements,  or  stirs  the  dry 
leaves  of  the  olive  trees ;  not  a  bird  sings ; 
no  cricket  chirps  in  the  furrow  without 
herbage ;  a  complete,  eternal  silence  reigns 
in  the  town,  in  the  highways,  in  the  coun- 
try. Such  was  Jerusalem  during  the  days 
we  passed  under  its  walls.  I  heard  no- 
thing there  but  the  neighing  of  my  horses, 
who  fretted  in  the  sun  around  our  camp, 
and  who  pawed  the  ground  into  dust;  and 
from  hour  to  hour  the  melancholy  song  of 
the  muezlin,  crying  the  hour  from  the 
tops  of  the  minarets,  or  the  cadences  of 
lamentation  of  the  Turkish  mourners  who 
accompanied,  in  long  files,  the  bodies  of 
the  dead  to  the  different  cemeteries  which 
surround  the  walls.  Jerusalem,  where  one 
would  visit  one  only  sepulchre,  is  itself 
the  tomb  of  a  whole  people;  but  a  tomb 
without  cypresses,  without  inscriptions, 
without  monuments,  whose  stones  have 
been  broken  up,  and  whose  ashes  seem  to 
have  covered  the  earth  around  it  with 
mourning,  with  silence,  with  sterility. 
On  quitting  it,  we  often  looked  back  from 
the  top  of  each  hill  from  which  we  could 
still  perceive  it,  and  at  length  saw,  for  the 
last  time,  the  crown  of  olive  trees  which 
surmounts  the  mountain  of  the  same 
name,  and  which  long  continuing  to  shut 
in  the  horizon,  when  the  city  was  lost  to 
the  view,  at  last  sinks  itself  in  the  hea- 
vens, and  disappears  like  those  garlands 
of  pale  flowers  that  one  throws  into  the 
sepulchre.  *  *  At  my  feet  the  Valley 
of  Jehoshaphat  extended  itself  like  a  vast 
sepulchre.  The  dried -up  bed  of  the 
brook  Cedron  ploughed  it  with  a  whitened 


Digitized  by  Gfl4»gle 


500  Revibw.— Jesse's  Glea 

furrow  strewed  with  pebbles,  and  the  sides 
of  the  two  hills  which  bordered  it,  were 
white  with  tombs  and  sculptured  turbans, 
the  common  symbol  of  the  Osmanlis.  A 
little  to  the  right  the  Mount  of  Olives  di- 
minished, and  permitted  the  horizon  (be- 
tween the  linked  chains  of  the  volcanic  cones 
and  naked  mountains  of  Jericho  and  St. 
Saba)  to  stretch  and  prolong  itself,  like 
an  avenue  of  light,  between  the  peaks  of 
the  uneven  cypresses.  The  image  of  it- 
self fell  there,  reflected  by  the  silvery  sur- 
face of  the  Dead  Sea,  which  shone  like 
molten  lead  at  the  foot  of  the  steeps  of 
these  mountains;  and  behind,  the  blue 
chain  of  the  hills  of  Arabia  Petrea  bound- 
ed the  prospect.  But  bounded  is  not  the 
word,  for  these  mountains  appeared  trans- 
parent like  crystal,  and  we  saw,  or  thought 
we  saw,  beyond  them  a  vague  and  indefi- 
nite horizon  extend  itself  again,  and  float 
in  the  ambient  vapours  of  an  atmosphere 
dyed  with  amber  and  purple.' 

We  must  break  off.  We  have  giveo 
our  opinion  of  the  high  merits  of  this 
work.  It  is  not  the  production  of  a 
man  of  science,  nor  has  M.  la  Mar- 
tine  pretensions  to  be  ranked  as  a  pro- 
found scholar  and  antiquary  ;  but  it  is 
the  work  of  a  man  of  genius,  of  reflec- 
tion, and  of  good  feelings  and  sound 
principles.  Perhaps  in  some  cases  the 
colouring  may  be  a  little  overcharged — 
there  may  be  a  little  of  the  beau  ideal 
in  the  landscape ;  but  there  is  nothing 
false,  nothing  factitious.  M.  la  Mar- 
tine  writes  from  his  eye  and  from  his 
heart.  He  has  all  the  force,  vivacity, 
and  picturesqueness  of  Chateaubriand, 
with  infinitely  more  temperance,  sua- 
vity, and  fidelity. 


Gleanings  in  Natural  History.    By  Ed- 
ward Jesse,  Esq.  Vol.  III.  1835. 

WE  are  sorry  to  find  Mr.  Jesse  de- 
claring that  we  are  to  expect  no  more 
volumes  of  Natural  History  from  him : 
nor  can  we  discover  the  reason  of  so 
unwelcome  an  assertion.  Nature  will 
supply  him  with  new  facts  as  long  as 
he  will  record  them ;  and  it  would  be 
but  a  weakly  ambition  which  should 
be  content  with  three  books,  when  his 
illustrious  predecessor,  the  Roman 
Naturalist,  hardly  crowded  his  copious 
investigations  into  thirty-seven.  So, 
notwithstanding  what  Mr.  Jesse  may 
say  at  present,  we  verily  believe  that 
there  are  thirty.four  volumes  still  in 
embryo ;  and  one  every  year  will 
bring  their  accomplished  author  to  that 


Ings  in  Natural  History.  [Nov. 

age  when  he  may  be  allowed  to  repose 
with  dignity  after  his  labours.  *  Clau- 
dite  jam  rivos,  pueri' — he  may  lay  aside 
his  rod,  and  line,  and  quill,  but  at  pre- 
sent we  really  cannot  spare  him  from 
the  field  of  Natural  History :  he  has 
written  too  well  to  be  permitted  to  be 
silent :  nor  could  his  place  be  easily 
supplied.  His  literary  shots  have 
taken  effect ;  with  his  anecdotes  of  fish 
and  birds,  he  may  be  said  to  have  hit 
the  public  between  wind  and  water. 

There  is  very  little  room  for  criticism 
in  this  volume  :  the  facts  are  collected 
with  much  discrimination,  and  told  in 
a  style  pleasing,  familiar,  and  correct. 
Mr.  Jesse  has  attended  much  to  the 
actions  and  habits  of  animals,  with  a 
view  to  study  the  factdty  by  which  they 
are  guided  :  and  he  has  collected  in 
this,  as  in  the  other  volumes,  a  rich 
mass  of  valuable  materials,  such  as  are 
not  to  be  acquired  without  much  ob- 
servation, very  extensive  inquiry,  and 
patient  and  minute  investigation.  Per- 
haps a  very  few  of  the  examples  may 
exceed  all  that  even  could  be  conceded 
to  the  animal  intellect ;  but,  after  ail, 
we  know  so  little  of  animals,  we  at- 
tend so  little  to  them,  we  trouble  our- 
selves so  little  about  them,  that  our 
acquaintance  with  them  is  far  too  slight 
to  allow  us  with  confidence  to  object  to 
assertions  that  might  startle  us  at  first 
The  story  of  the  turtle  (p.  77)  is  a  very 
extraordinary  one,  but  with  great  pro- 
priety recorded  ;  for,  although  all  pro- 
bability is  against  it,  the  animal  not 
being   migratory  in  its  habits,  and 
living  in  a  temperature  so  different 
from  our's,  the  distance  so  i emote  from 
its  native  shores,  and  the  island  to 
which  it  is  said  to  have  returned  being 
but  a  speck  in  the  ocean,  yet  it  may 
be  true,  and  though  of  not  much  im- 
portance as  an  insulated  fact,  should 
it  be  supported  by  one  similar  to  it, 
our  knowledge  of  the  powers  and 
habits  of  the  turtle  will  be  increased, 
and  perhaps  our  arguments,  from  ana- 
logy,   relating    to    other  animals 
strengthened  and  confirmed.   After  all 
that  we  may  allow  to  the  most  power* 
ful,  stimulating  intuitive  energy,  given 
by  nature  for  the  support  of  life,  and 
the  preservation  of  the  species,— and 
after  superadding  to  that,  an  oiieUec, 
tual  faculty  similar  to  what  is  possessed 
by  man,  with  tjtf;  tenacious  memory 
and  habits  of  association,— <uco  then 


Digitized  by  CjOOQIC 


1835.]        Rktisw.— Jesse's  Gleanings  m  Natural  History.  501 

we  must  be  at  a  loss  to  account  for    A  hare  and  a  rabbit  become  stupid  in 
the  extraordinary  manner  in  which    a  tract  they  do  not  know.    Yet  this 
animals,  appearing  able  to  dispense    unknown  mysterious  power  in  the  cat, 
with  the  ordinary  methods  of  know-    is  hardly  greater,  though  less  familiar, 
ledge  —  without  experience,  without    than  that  of  the  pigeon,  turning  his 
any  guide  apparently,  either  from  the    wings  with  certainty  through  tracts  of 
outer  senses,  or  any  well-grounded    untravelled  space,  through  cloudy  skies, 
conclusions  formed  by  the  judgment —    and  against  adverse  winds,  to  the  very 
ire  able  to  overcome  obstacles  and    spot  from  which  it  had  been  taken, 
effect  purposes  which  would  be  diffi-    We  do  not  mention  the  swallow  and 
cult,  even  were  circumstances  far  more    the  migratory  animals,  because  we  are 
favourable,  and  the  ordinary  channels    considering  the  still  more  extraordinary 
of  information  open  to  them":  in  short,    cases  of  journeys  performed  under 
thev  perform  actions  which  no  reason,    greater  disadvantages.   Mr.  Coleridge 
that  we  know  of,  could  accomplish,    says,  '  the  seat  of  instinct  is  irritabi- 
nor  any  instinct,  however  powerful,    lity by  which  we  suppose  he  means 
enable  them  to  effect.    What  could    a  most  fine,  delicate,  tremulously-sus- 
tondact  the  Ass  from  a  distant  part  of   ceptible  sensorium, — a  highly-refined 
Spain,  to  the  gates  of  his  old  quarters    nervous  system,  like  a  new  unknown 
in  Gibraltar?  Neither  sight,  smell,  nor    sense,  — which  gives  warning  what 
the  power  of  the  ear,  nor  memory— for    it  wants,  and  keeps  urging  till  those 
how  could  they  direct  him  through    wants  are  satisfied  in  the  proper  di- 
remote  districts,  never  travelled  before,    rection.    Now^  we  know  nothing  or 
These  facts  appear  as  remote  from  the    li*le  about  this  instinct :  we  do  not 
operations  of  reason  as  of  instinct;  and    even  pretend  to  give  it  a  name:  we 
beyond  the  limits  of  both.    Such  are    speak  of  it  negatively,  as  something 
some  of  die  instances  mentioned  by    *ot  acquired ;  but  we  have  nd  micro- 
Mr.  Jesse  in  this,  as  in  his  previous    scope  which  can  detect  the  marvellous 
volumes.    We  knew  an  instance  of  a    delicacy  of  the  organization  from  which 
young  cat,  whose  master  had  given  it    it  springs :  perhaps  we  do  not  know 
away,  being  confined  in  a  basket,  put    even  the  subtle,  invisible,  atmospheric 
into  the  seat  of  a  chaise,  driven  at    agents  by  which  it  is  guided.  Pope 
night  a  distance  of  12  or  14  miles,  to  **Y*> 

its  new  habitation  ;  yet  in  less  than    The  spider's  touch  how  exquisitely  fine, 
two  days  it  was  seen,  wet,  famished    Feels  at  each  thread  and  lives  along  the 
and  weary,  calling  at  the  door  of  its  line. 

former  habitation  for  entrance.    Such    How  far  are  we  from  comprehending 
instances  have  been  at  different  times    the  faculties  with  which  these  incre- 
recorded,  and  of  their  truth  there  exists    dible,  or  all  but  incredible  works  are 
no  doubt ;  but  surely  we  are  totally    done  by  the  lower  and  humble  crea- 
unable  to  solve  the  difficulty?    One  tures — the  little  unheeded  pensioners 
would  think  that  neither  its  intellect    on  Nature's  common  bounty !  What 
nor  its  instinct  could  inform  the  animal    an   apparatus   of  sensitive,  minute 
in  what  direction  it  had  been  carried,    nerves  must  there  be  in  the  nose  of  the 
or  to  what  distance.    Besides,  the    pointer  and  the  hound,  and  in  the  bill 
power  this  animal  possessed,  is  clearly    of  the  duck,  and  above  all  in  the  wing 
beyond  the  average  limit  of  animal    of  the  bat — like  a  sense  other  than 
sagacity.     Every  huntsman   knows    our  own.    How  many  times,  (is  it  not 
with  accuracy  how  soon  a  fox  has  lost    more  than  a  hundred  ?)  that  naturalists 
himself,  and  nas  got  into  a  new  coun-    have  counted  the  vibrations  of  a  gnat's 
try,  by  the  vacillation  of  his  move-    wing,  in  a  moment  of  time?  The 
ments  and  the  unsteadiness  of  his    eagle,*  when  at  such  a  height  as  to 
course.    Beyond  a  certain  point  even    appear  only  a  speck  in  the  air,  can  dis- 
hhj  vulpine  astuteness  seems  to  fail,    cern  the  smallest  bird  upon  the  ground, 

*  A  gentleman  described  to  us  the  highly  interesting  manner  in  which  the  chase  of 
the  hare,  by  a  couple  of  eagles,  is  conducted)  as  seen  in  the  wild  western  mountains 
fef  Ireland.'  One  bird  soars  high  aloft,  and  majestically  watches  the  chase.  The  other 
pursues  they*nimal  closely,  and  follows  its  doubles  with  tremendous  activity;  but  if 
the  hare  escapes  tor  a  while,  by  gaining  the  covert  of  a  bush ;  the  superior  bird  then 
descends,  takes  place  of  the  other,  who  mounts  aloft,  and  so  the  chace  is  continued. 


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502  Review.— Jesses  Gleanings  in  Natural  History.  [Nov. 


aad  descend  on  it  with  fatal  and  uner- 
ring accuracy.  Let  these  facts  be  kept 
in  mind,  when  we  are  inclined  to  listen 
with  incredulity  to  such  narratives  as 
Mr.  Jesse  and  other  naturalists  have 
produced,  with  strong  testimony  of 
their  authenticity. 

The  story  of  the  old  blind  rat  and 
the  stick  (p.  208)  may  perhaps  be  dis- 
believed; but  then  equally  so  may 
many  well -authenticated  instances  of 
dogs  defending,  assisting  each  other, 
and  displaying  a  long  complicated 
system  of  design  to  effect  their  pur- 
poses :  being  indeed  most  cunning  dogs! 
In  a  book  we  have  been  just  reading, 
we  have  an  instance  of  a  horse,  the 
favourite  charger  of  an  Arab  chief, 
seeing  his  master  wounded  and  likely 
to  be  taken,  lifting  him  up  by  his  teeth 
fastened  to  his  belt,  and  carrying  him 
out  of  the  field  of  battle,  and  depositing 
him  at  his  own  door.  Now  this  story 
has  led  us  to  the  very  animal  (the 
horse)  to  which  we  were  going  to  di- 
rect Mr.  Jesse's  attention.  In  Europe 
the  sagacious  powers  of  this  noble 
animal  are  most  imperfectly  developed : 
in  fact,  notwithstanding  his  outward 
beauty  and  his  pampered  form,  he  ex- 
ists here  in  a  state  of  utter  degrada- 
tion ;  for  he  is  generally  under  the 
power  and  in  the  company  of  beings  of 
the  very  lowest  grade — ignorant,  brutal, 
capricious  and  cruel, — coachmen,  cab- 
men, grooms,  carmen,  horse-jockeys, 
post-boys,  butchers,  and  black  legs ; 
many  of  them  without  sense,  temper, 
or  feeling, — fellows,  in  the  scale  of 
creation,  infiuitely  below  the  generous 
creatures  they  torment.  In  such  society, 
unfortunately  their  only  one,  these 
noble  Houhnyms  exist  in  our  country. 
Some  are  well  fed  it  is  true,  and  duly 
exercised, — and  happy  their  fate: — the 
rest  arc  abused  with  a  cruelty  that  has 
become  proberbial — "  England  is  the 


hell  of  horses."  Now  what  know- 
ledge can  a  horse  acquire  under  such 
treatment?  how  is  he  to  display,  to 
exercise,  to  increase  the  powers  be- 
stowed on  him  by  nature  ?  from  whom 
is  he  to  learn  ?  Being  gregarious  by 
nature,  he  is  here  secluded  from  his 
own  species;  from  his  master  he  is 
separated,  except  for  a  short  time,  and 
who  attends  only  to  his  animal  pro- 
pensities ;  when  not  employed  about 
a  heavy  cumbersome  machine — "  drag- 
ging his  dull  companion  to  and  fro" — 
he  is  shut  up  in  die  walls  of  a  stable. 
But  this  beautiful  creature,  we  repeat, 
is  existing  all  this  time  in  a  degraded 
state,  or,  as  the  newspapers  call  it,  in 
a  false  position.  Who  does  not  know 
how  soon  the  horse  will  meet  every 
advance  of  kindness  and  attention  you 
make  to  him  ?  How  grateful  he  will 
be,  how  studious  of  your  will ;  how 
anxious  to  understand  you;  how  happy 
to  please  and  satisfy  you  ?  We  have 
possessed  two  horses,  at  different  times, 
who  with  only  the  treatment  which 
they  would  experience  from  a  master 
fond  of  the  animals  under  his  protec- 
tion, would  follow  us  with  the  atten- 
tion of  dogs  :  sometimes  .stopping  to 
graze  on  the  banks  of  the  road  till  we 
had  advanced  many  hundred  yard*, 
and  then  of  their  own  accord,  and  ap- 
parently with  delight,  canter  forward 
and  rejoin  us.  In  fact,  they  were 
gentle,  intelligent,  and  pleasing  com- 
panions, and  this  was  produced  rather 
by  total  abstinence  from  harsh  treat- 
ment, than  from  any  positive  solicita- 
tion or  great  attention  on  our  parts. 
Then  consider,  what  obedient,  sagaci- 
ous, extraordinary  animals  watch  every 
will,  and  perform  every  action  that 
Mr.  Ducrow  desires.*  All  horses  look 
to  their  masters,  either  in  love  or  fear; 
they  are  attached  to  him  or  afraid  of 
him.    But  in  European  countries  they 


*  We  saw  repeatedly  with  admiration  that  fine  exhibition  of  spirit  and  intelligence 
in  the  horse  which  Mr.  Ducrow  rode  in  St.  George  and  the  Dragon.  His  manner  of 
fighting  the  dragon,  by  rising  up  and  darting  out  his  fore  legs,  astonished  us ;  nor 
could  we  conceive  how  he  could  acquire  an  action  not  natural  to  him,  and  therefore 
beyond  his  comprehension.  We  presume  that  it  must  have  been  taught  him  in  the 
following  manner: — His  head  confined  by  ropes  between  two  strong  posts,  as  in  the 
pictures  of  the  manege,  a  side  rail  ninning  the  length  of  his  body,  the  dragon  was  then 
advanced  towards  him ;  the  affrighted  horse  being  unable  to  escape,  or  by  turning  to  use 
his  heels,  he  could  only  in  bis  terror  rise  up  and  defend  himself  by  his  fore  legs :  and 
Mr.  Ducrow'8  master-hand  in  the  exhibition,  had  the  same  effect  as  the  ropes  in  pre- 
venting his  escape.  This  is  our  solution  of  the  means  by  which  that  wonderful  teat 
was  acquired. 


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1835.]  Review.— Jesse's  Gleanings  in  Natural  History.  503 


do  not  know  enough  of  them ;  they  are 
his  servants,  his  slaves,  not  his  com- 
panions. Consequently  their  lives  arc 
too  short,  and  their  treatment,  if  not 
too  severe,  yet  too  indifferent  to  enable 
them  to  profit  much.  It  is  not  so  in  the 
East — the  horse's  paradise.*  It  is  in 
the  depth  of  the  burning  Desart,  among 
the  tents  of  the  Bedouin  Arabs,  among 
the  Sheiks  of  Syria,  under  the  glowing 
sun  and  hot  sands  in  which  alone  it 
can  live,  that  we  are  to  look  for  that 
noble  creature  whose  neck  is  '  clothed 
with  thunder;'  and  who  cries  ha!  ha! 
more  distinctly,  and  with  more  pro- 
priety, than  its  ruffian  and  brutal  ty- 
rants in  our  country  could  believe. 
We  will  make  an  extract  from  the  work 
which  we  have  just  reviewed,  of  M.  la 
Martine,  which  will  speak  with  more 
authentic  language  than  we  can  use. 

14  We  Europeans  have  no  idea  of  the 
extent  of  intelligence  and  attachment  to 
which  the  habit  of  living  with'  the  family, 
of  being  caressed  by  the  children,  fed  by 
the  women,  and  encouraged  or  reprimanded 
by  the  voice  of  the  master,  can  raise  the 
natural  instinct  of  the  Arabian  horse.  The 
race  ia  of  itself  more  sagacious  and  more 
tameable  than  that  of  our  climates,  and 
this  is  the  same  with  other  animals  in 
Arabia.  Nature  itself  has  enclosed  them 
with  a  higher  degree  of  instinct  and  a 
closer  fraternity  with  man  than  in  our 
countries.  They  seem  to  retain  some  re- 
membrance of  Eden,  where  they  volunta- 


rily submitted  themReives  to  the  dominion 
of  man,  the  king  of  nature.  I  have  often 
in  Syria  seen  birds  canght  in  the  morning 
by  the  children,  and  perfectly  tame  by 
evening,  having  need  neither  of  cage  nor 
string  to  retain  them  with  the  family  that 
had  adopted  them,  but  fluttering  freely 
among  the  oranges  and  mulberry  trees 
of  the  garden  ;  coming  when  called,  and 
perching  of  their  own  accord  on  the  chil- 
dren's fingers  or  the  heads  of  the  young 
girls.  The  horse  I  had  bought  of  the 
scheik  of  Jericho,  and  which  I  rode,  knew 
me  as  his  master  in  a  few  days.  He  would 
no  longer  suffer  another  to  mount  him, 
but  would  break  through  the  whole  cara- 
van to  come  at  my  call,  though  my  voice 
and  language  were  foreign  to  him.  Gentle 
and  kind  to  me,  and  soon  accustomed  to 
the  attention  of  my  Arabs,  he  marched 
peacefully  and  quietly  in  his  place  in  the 
caravan,  so  long  as  he  saw  only  Turks,  or 
Syrians,  or  Arabs  dressed  like  Turks  ;  but 
whan,  even  a  year  after,  he  saw  a  Bedouin 
mounted  on  a  horte  of  the  Desart,  he  be- 
came in  an  instant  another  animaL  His 
eyes  flashed  fire,  his  neck  grew  inflated, 
his  tail  lashed  like  whips  upon  his  flanks, 
he  reared  on  his  hind  legs,  and  marched 
in  this  way  for  some  minute*  under  the 
weight  of  the  saddle  and  hie  rider.  He 
did  not  neigh,  but  uttered  a  warlike  cry 
like  that  of  a  brazen  trumpet ;  a  cry  that 
frightened  all  the  other  horses,  and  caused 
them  to  arrest  their  steps,  and  dress  up 
their  ears  to  listen  to  him." 

Again,  he  says, 

"  The  master' 8  horse  is  always  close  to 


•  4  The  Arab  loves  his  horse  as  he  loves  his  wife.'  We  will  repeat  a  short  story  in 
evidence  of  his  respect : — "  Giabal  possessed  a  very  excellent  mare.  Hassad  Pacha, 
vizier  of  Damascus,  endeavoured  to  obtain  it,  but  in  vain.  He  employed  threat*,  but 
with  no  success.  At  length,  another  Bedouin,  Giafar,  came  to  the  pacha,  and  asked 
him,  what  he  would  give  him  if  he  brought  Giabal's  mare.  •  I  will  fill  thy  barley  sack 
with  gold.'  Giabal  fastened  his  mare  at  night  by  the  foot  with  an  iron  ring,  the  chain 
of  which  passed  into  his  tent,  being  held  by  a  picket  fixed  in  the  ground  under  the 
very  felt  which  served  him  and  his  wife  as  a  bed.  At  midnight  Giafar  crept  into  the 
tent  on  all  fours,  and  insinuating  himself  between  Giabal  and  his  wife,  gently  first 
pushes  one,  then  the  other.  The  husband  thought  his  wife  was  pushing,  the  wife 
thought  the  same  of  her  husband ;  and  each  made  more  room.  Giafar  then,  with  a 
knife,  made  a  slit  in  the  felt,  took  out  the  picket,  untied  the  mare,  mounted  her,  and 
grasping  Giabal's  lance,  pricks  him  lightly  with  it,  crying  out — '  It  is  1,  Giafar,  who 
have  taken  thy  noble  mare ;  awake,  Giabal!'  and  off  he  goes.  Giabal  darted  from  his 
tent,  called  Ms  friends,  mounted  his  brother's  mare  and  pursues.  Giabal's  brother's 
mare  was  of  the  same  blood,  though  not  so  good.  Outstripping  all  the  other  horse- 
men, he  was  on  the  point  of  overtaking  Giafar,  when  he  cried  out — •  Pinch  her  right 
tar,  and  give  her  the  stirrup.'  Giafar  did  so,  and  flew  like  lightning,  soon  out  of 
reach.  The  Bedouins  reproached  Giabal  as  being  himself  the  cause  of  the  loss  of  his 
mare.  •  /  would  rather  (he  said)  lose  her  than  lower  her  reputation.  Would  you 
hare  it  said  in  the  tribe  of  Would  AH,  that  any  other  mare  outrun  mine.  I  have  the 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  no  other  could  overtake  her — no,  none."  " — It  must  be 
known  to  English  horsemen,  that  every  Bedouin  accustoms  his  horse  to  some  sign, 
when  it  is  to  put  out  all  its  speed.  This  sign  is  a  secret,  and  only  used  on  the 
greatest  emergencies. 


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504  Review.— Jesse's  Gleanings  in  Natural  History.  [Nor. 


his  house,  covered  with  his  splendid  trap- 
pings, and  ready  to  be  mounted.  He 
forms  a  part  of  the  family,  and  seems  to 
take  an  interest  in  all  that  is  done,  and 
all  that  is  said  around  him.  His  physi- 
ognomy grows  animated  like  a  human 
countenance.  When  a  stranger  appears 
and  speaks  to  him,  he  dresses  up  his  ears, 
raises  his  lips,  extends  his  nostrils,  bends 
his  head  to  the  wind,  and  snuffs  at  the 
unknown  who  flatters  him.  His  soft  but 
deep  and'  pensive  eyes  sparkle  like  fire 
under  his  long  and  handsome  tuft  of  mane 
on  his  forehead." 

We  are  afraid  that  we  have  been 
too  long  on  this  subject ;  and  that  we 
shall  be  reckoned  as  one  who — "  Nunc 
athlatarum  studiis,  nunc  arsit  equo- 
ruro."  But  as  we  conclude,  we  again 
advise  Mr.  Jesse  to  follow  up  his  inte- 
resting pursuits  and  his  investigations 
of  nature  with  unimpaired  activity.  As 
he  appears  particularly  interested  on  the 
subject  of  instinct,  we  beg  to  refer  him 
to  a  few  observations  we  lately  made 
in  our  review  of  Kirby  (see  p.  232) ;  in 
which  we  advanced  a  position  that  we 
believe  to  be  correct; — that  it  is  impos- 
sible with  any  accuracy  to  distinguish 
the  limits  of  the  instinctive  power  and 
the  intellectual.  And  further  we  ob- 
served, that  the  greatest  instinctive 
sagacity  was  often  accompanied  with 
a  low  scale  of  intellectual  advance- 
ment, exemplified  in  the  fox ;  and, 
vice  versa,  a  most  extraordinary  deve- 
lopment of  mind  takes  place  in  the  ele- 
phant when  domesticated,  who  in  his 
wild  state  is  not  distinguished  by  su- 
perior powers.  If  Mr.  Jesse  will  direct 
his  attention  to  such  points  as  these, 
his  rich  collection  of  facts  will  soon 
acquire  a  double  value,  and  form  the 
solid  basis  of  a  philosophical  inquiry. 

We  have  expatiated  so  much  on  one 
point,  that  we  find  it  impossible  to  do 
Mr.  Jesse  justice  by  extending  our  re- 
marks through  the  remainder  of  his 
interesting  volume.  But  casually  turn- 
ing over  p.  198,  we  find  him  express- 
ing his  astonishment  at  persons  perti- 
naciously asserting  that  swallows  pass 
the  winter  at  the  bottom  of  some  deep 
lake  or  river.  Now  we  agree  with  Mr. 
Jesse  in  his  admiration  of  such  a  cre- 
dulity: yet  Dr.  Bowring,  in  his '  Minor 
Morals/  vol.  ii.  p.  67,  asserts  that 
Linnrcus  and  Cuvier,  great  authorities, 
are  both  in  favour  of  the  opinion  that 
swallows  become  dormant  in  stagnant 
7 


waters.  We  are  not  learned  enough 
to  know  if  this  assertion  be  correct. 
We  should  think  not ;  for  we  do  not 
sec  why  a  drowned  swallow  should 
revive  more  than  a  drowned  man.  In 
torpid  animals  (the  dormouse,  &c.)  a 
very  slow  circulation  is  going  on.  How 
could  that  take  place  in  the  subaque- 
ous hyberaaculum  ?  What  is  to  re* 
vive  them?  Not  the  temperature  of 
water  in  March.  How  are  they  to 
breathe  when  reviving  ? — Nugae !  We 
will  ask  one  question.  Every  bird 
that  we  know  moults  once  a  year.  The 
swallow  does  not  moult  when  in  Eng- 
land from  April  to  October.  Conse- 
quently, it  must  be  in  such  a  situation 
(i.  e.  not  torpid  and  submerged)  as  to 
enable  it  to  moult  daring  its  absence. 
The  incredulity  of  persons  on  this  sub- 
ject is  to  us  marvellous;  we  think 
every  step  of  the  argument  is  distinctly 

E roved.  The  distance  is  within  per- 
aps  24  hours'  flight :  the  birds  hare 
been  seen  on  their  passage.  Other 
birds  from  the  same  country  are  known 
to  migrate  here,  as  the  quail  and  night- 
ingale— birds  of  far  less  power  of  wing. 
Birds  from  the  north  of  Europe  migrate 
Routh,  according  to  the  seasons.  The 
regular  migration  of  birds,  including 
swallows,  to  and  fro,  from  Africa  to 
Greece  is  well  known.  Migrations  to 
an  immense  extent,  of  various  species 
of  birds,  take  place  in  America.  These 
are  facts.  To  this  we  add  a  corollary,  in- 
duced by  the  probable  cause  of  the  scep- 
tical opinions  on  this  subject.  All  mi- 
gratory birds  do  not  return,-— some  are 
delayed  by  accidents,  injuries,  weak- 
ness, late  birth,  sudden  change  of  sea- 
son, &c. ;  of  those  that  remain,  some 
survive,  some  perish.  The  winter  bird 
of  passage,  as  the  woodcock,  if  it  re- 
mains here  in  the  summer,  can  live 
and  breed  ;  but  the  rummer  bird  of  pas- 
sage, as  the  swallow,  if  it  remains 
here  the  winter,  must  die.  The  few 
very  late  swallows  occasionally  seen 
in  November  or  so,  and  excited  by  an 
unseasonably  hot  day  to  appear,  have 
remained,  hidden  themselves,  fluttered 
out  for  a  few  hours,  and  subsequently 
perished.  Those  that  are  seen  in 
March  for  a  day  or  so,  and  then,  on 
the  setting  in  of  bad  weather,  have 
disappeared,  have  either  returned  or 
concealed  themselves.  Mr.  Jesse  has 
said  nothing  of  the  praiicole,  or  Aos- 


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)S£5i]      B«m Otoryeg  on  the  Conditio*  qf  the.  Clergy- 


trian  swallow,  occasionally  seen  here. 
But  we  musk  take  wing  and  disappear, 
for  we  have  occasion  to  moult  our 


1 .  A  Charge  delivered  to  the  Clergy  of 
the  Diocese  of  Bath  and  Wells,  Aug. 
1 834.  By  George  Henrv  Law,  Jjord 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Weils.  Ato. 

2.  Cluirye  delivered  at  the  Triennial  Vi- 
sitation of  Jolui  Lord  Bishop  of  Lin* 
coin,  1834.  8co. 

3.  Srrmim  preached  at  the  Festival  of 
the  Soni  of  the  Clergy,  m  the  Cathe- 
dral Church  of  St.  Paul.  By  the 
Very  Rev.  John  Merewether,  D.D. 
than  of  Hereford. 

TT  is,  we  own,  with  feelings  of  me- 
lancholy and  depression  that  in  these 
latter  days  we  have  perused  some  of 
the  Charges  addressed  by  the  venerable 
Bishops  of  our  Church  to  the  provin- 
cial clergy  :  and  we  cannot  help  com- 
paring them  to  those  which  in  happier 
ami  brighter  days  issued  from  the  same 
respected  authority.  We  are  quite 
aware  of  the  unpropitious  state  of  all 
ecclesiastical  matters  at  the  present 
moment ;  of  the  vigilant  animosity  of 
its  enemies,  and  the  timidity  and  cold- 
ness of  its  friends.  We  know  that  it 
is  the  duty  of  the  Bishops  and  the 
Clergy  to  keep  *  their  loins  girded/ 
and  themselves  in  readiness.  But, 
speaking  with  all  due  deference  to  the 
experience  and  wisdom  of  the  vener- 
able Fathers  of  the  Bench,  we  express 
nur  doubts  whether  it  is  necessary  for 
them  to  dwell  so  constantly  or  so  ex- 
clnrively  on  matters  of  Church  disci- 
pline, on  the  government  of  the  clergy, 
or  the  temporalities  connected  with 
the  form  of  the  Establishment;  and 
whether,  in  many  cases  of  late,  the 
epi-copal  Charges,  which  we  consider 
ought  to  be  consecrated  to  the  highest 
and  most  spiritual  objects,  have  not 
b£en  permitted  to  occupy  that  lotcnr 
ground,  which  the  Archdeacons  used 
to  consider  as  their  peculiar  province. 
To  the  Bishops  their  Clergy  look  up  as 
to  persons  elevated  to  their  high  and 
angost  situation  by  their  stipcriorlearn- 
ing  and  sanctity  :  they  consider  them 
as  persons  whom  they  are  directed  to 
consult  on  the  difficulties  which  meet 
them %  in  their  spiritual  vocation  :  on 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


the  growth  and  form  of. prevailing  he- 
resies—on  dark  and  disputed  points  in 
theology — on  the  nature  of  the  various 
attacks  made  by  invidious  and  infidel 
writers  on  the  Christian  belief  t  to 
them  they  look  as  their  high  spiritual 
guides ;  to  be  furnished  by  them  with 
knowledge,  and  directed  by  them  in 
difficult  questions  to  the  soundest  and 
safest  channels  of  inquiry*.  We  con- 
sider such  to  be  the  main  purpose  and 
life  of  the  Charges  delivered,  as  occa- 
sion offers  or  urgency  compels,  by  the 
Bishops.  Of  this  nature  are  most  of 
those  that  we  have  read  of  that  profound 
theologian  and  great  general  scholar, 
Bishop  Horsley  ;  and  such  we  trust  to 
see  revived  in  our  times  by  his  succes- 
sors ;  and  that  nothing  but  the  dangers 
with  which  the  Establishment  has  been 
threatened,  has  of  late  confined  them 
to  subjects  of  another  and  inferior 
kind  :  and  that  the  Bishops  have  re- 
luctantly been  constrained  to  descend 
to  a  lower  ground  by  the  nature  of  the 
attacks  made  on  the  Church,  which  is 
placed  under  their  care.  We  cannot 
suppose  that  any  Charge  issued  under 
the  authority  of  the  Mitre  escapes  the 
keen  and  vigilant  eye  of  the  Dissenter; 
and  what  must  he  think  of  the  minis- 
ters of  a  Church,  who  are  perpetually 
reminded  of  the  necessity  of  new  laws 
to  punish  their  immorality  in  one 
Charge,  and  to  compel  their  residence 
in  another  ?  or  what  roust  he  think  of 
the  general  spirit  of  a  Church  that 
dwells  with  such  emphasis  upon  such 
topics,  and  supposes  the  ministers  of 
the  Establishment,  thu  teachers  of  re- 
ligion, and  the  exemplars  of  virtue,  to 
be  themselves  but  in  the  rudiments  of 
their  sacred  calling?  Can  it  be  for- 
gotten that  those  persons,  to  whom 
the  Bishops  thus  address  their  advice, 
have  entered,  like  themselves,  into  the 
sacred  office,  well  aware  of  the  awful 
nature  of  its  duties  ;  that  they  are  per- 
sons equal  in  age,  in  knowledge,  in 
character ;  most  of  them  husbands, 
fathers,  residing  in  the  midst  of  their 
flocks ;  their  conduct  seen  and  scru- 
tinized by  all ;  many  passing  life  in 
groat  privation,  and  all  in  much  self- 
denial  ;  removed  from  the  temptations 
of  life,  and  unable  to  partake  in  its  so- 
cial enjoyments,  except  in  a  most 
limited  manner.  Men  of  study  and 
abstraction  from  the  world ;  of  high 

3  T 


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50G  Review.— Charges  on  the  Condition  of  the  Clergy.  [Nov. 


attainments  themselves,  yet  dwelling 
among  the  ignorant  and  uneducated ; 
and  having  the  education  of  a  prince, 
"with  little  more  than  the  pittance  of  a 
peasant.  We  have,  however,  before 
spoken  on  these  subjects,  and  we  are 
only  reminded  of  them  by  the  evidence 
which  the  two  Charges  before  us  give 
of  the  wretchedly  depressed  state  of  the 
Clergy  of  the  Established  Church.  Would 
it  be  believed,  that  in  the  Church  of 
the  wealthiest  nation  in  the  world,  in 
a  Church  which  has  been  endowed  by 
the  piety  of  our  ancestors,  and  enriched 
by  subsequent  donations,  the  average 
value  of  the  livings  in  the  diocese  of 
•  Bath  and  Wells  (a  rich  diocese)  amounts 
only  to  two  hundred  pounds,  and  no 
more  ;  or  to  a  sum  less  than  the  Dis- 
senters of  a  trumpery  chapel  in  a  bye 
lane  pay  their  ministers ;  to  a  sura  less 
than  a  banker  or  a  merchant  pays  his 
clerk ;  to  a  sum  less  than  a  child  can 
be  educated  for  at  Eton  school ! !  Now 
is  it  possible  that  an  Establishment  so 
lamentably  impoverished,  so  unjustly 
penurious  to  its  clergy,  so  inconsist- 
ently formed,  as  to  demand  the  most 
finished  and  expensive  education,  with- 
out even  remunerating  its  cost,  can 
answer  the  great  purposes  for  which  it 
was  designed  ?  Fully  do  we  join  the 
Bishops  in  the  sorrow  which  they  ex- 
press at  such  an  anomalous  situation 
of  a  most  deserving  body  of  men,  from 
whom  fresh  sacrifices  and  fresh  exer- 
tions are  every  year  required,  without 
any  endeavours  so  to  amend  their  situ- 
ation as  to  render  those  exertions  prac- 
ticable and  those  sacrifices  just.  Does 
not  our  Church  approve,  nay  docs  it 


not  much  prefer,  does  it  not  suppose 
a  married  clergy  ?  but  the  very  means 
of  marriage  are  taken  from  them,  un- 
less they  linger  in  sordid  and  mean 
habits  of  parsimony,  or  plunge  into 
embarrassments  fatal  to  them?*  They 
are  expected  to  bring  up  their  families 
decently,  respectably,  and  suited  to  the 
grade  of  society  in  which  they  move. 
Why,  as  we  observed,  the  expense  of 
one  son's  education  alone  absorbs  their 
whole  means.    They  are  expected  to 
be  charitable,  to  give  alms,  to  sub- 
scribe to  assist  their  poor  brethren  : 
but  *  silver  and  gold  they  have  none.' 
They  are  expected  to  be  good  scholars, 
proficients  in  theology, — for,  if  not, 
wherefore  the  strict  examination  to 
which  they  are  subject  ?    But  how  is 
even  a  small  library  of  old  divinity, 
the  cheapest  of  literary  wares,  to  be 
bought  by  them  from  the  shelves  of 
Paternoster-row,  or  Queen-street?  But 
of  modern  theology,   the  works  of 
Magee,  of  Sumner,   of  Routh  rov 
(fukoirovov,  of  the  learned  Bishop  of 
Durham,  and  the  no  less  learned  Pre- 
late who  presides  over  Lincoln,  how 
are  they  to  be  procured  ?    And  yet  wc 
know  that  some  of  these  works  are  re- 
quired of  divinity  students  by  Episco- 
pal authority.    Surely  this  is  a  situ- 
ation in  which  the  Clergy  of  such  a 
nation  as  this  ought  not  to  be  placed  : 
nor  can  their  present  situation  much 
longer  consist  with  the  welfare  and 
safety  of  the  Church.    Such  sacrifices 
as  they  are  called  on  to  make,  cannot 
ermanently  continue;  and  we  are 
appy  to  see  Prelates  themselves,  so 
richlyanddeserv  edlycndowed  as  the 


*  The  Bishop  of  London  says  (p.  26),  a  clergyman  with  500/.  a -year  will  hare 
nothing  to  spare.  We  confess  that  under  present  circumstances  we  do  not  see  how 
he  is  to  live.  The  average  number  of  children  to  a  marriage,  is  from  4  to  5  :  take  it 
at  4.    Now,  on  the  most  reasonable  scale,  put, 

2  sons'  educations  £\40 

2  daughter's  portions   140 

280 

For  him,  his  wife,  his  house,  his  books,  his  charity,  there  remains  220/.  and  yet  we 
put  all  on  too  low  a  scale.  An  University  education  is  indispensable  for  a  clergyman 
— that  at  the  lowest  scale  is  200/.  How  could  a  clergyman  bring  up  two  sons  to  the 
Church  ?  how  one  ?  If  his  means,  when  in  the  Church,  are  to  be  so  low,  the  expenses 
to  enable  him  to  educate  himself  for  the  church  ought  to  be  reduced  in  proportion. 
Again,  you  insist  on  a  clergyman  being  a  man  of  learning  ;  you  give  him  a  taste  for  it, 
and  then  you  put  him  in  a  situation  where  he  cannot  pursue  it,  for  want  of  means. 
The  head  shopman,  a  young  and  single  man  generally,  to  a  silk  mercer  in  London, 
receives  300/.  a  year ! 


Digitized  by  Google 


■ 


I 835.]         Rbvibw.— Works  on  the  Church  Establishment.  507 

Bishops  of  Lincoln  and  Bath  and  1.  Gift  to  the  Members  of  the  Church 

Wells, directing, through theirCharges,  of  England,  exemplifying  the  Advan- 

the  public  attention  to  this  distressing  tages  of  a  Church  Establishment,  8fC 

subject :  we  trust  that  they  will  sup-  By  a  Lay-member, 

port,  aa  legislators,  what  they  have  2.  Sermon  preached  at  Amersham,  at  the 

advanced  as  prelates  :  and  that  they  Visitation  of  John,  Bishop  of  Lincoln, 

will  not  rest  content  even,  if  necessary,  by  Samuel  Birch,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Lit- 

under  sacrifices  themselves,  till  they  have  tie  Mar  low. 

placed  their  Clergy  in  such  a  situation  3.  Serious  Address  to  Protestant  Dis- 

as  will  enable  them  to  perform  their  senters  in  the  present  Crisis,  by  a 

duty,  as  will  release  them  from  anxiety  Puritan.  1834. 

as  to  their  support,  and  give  them  that  4.  The  British  Church  Establishment. 

fair  and  liberal  reward  which  the  Gos-  1834. 

pel  allows  to  its  ministers.*    Of  Bi-  5.  The  real  Question  at  issue  between  the 

shop  Law's  great  piety,  and  his  ele-  Supporters  and  Opponents  of  a  Bill  to 

vated  feelings  regarding  all  that  is  con-  remove  Disabilities,  8fc.    By  William 

nected  with  the  sacred  character  of  his  Dalby,  Vicar  of  Warminster.   1834.  . 

high  office,  no  doubt  was  ever  enter-  6.  The  Voluntary  System.  Part  I.  By 

tained:  of  his  sound  scholarship  and  a  Churchman.  1834. 

critical  sagacity  we  have  lately  met  ,  7.  A  Remonstrance,  addressed  to  the 

some  pleasing  instances  in  the  corre-  Bishop  of  London  an  the  Sanction 

spondence  of  his  old  friend  Dr.  Parr.  given  in  his  last  Charge  to  the  Calum- 

We  need  only  add,  that  the  name  of  niei  against  the  Dissenters,  fyc.  1834. 

the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  is  connected  8.  Refections  on  the  Policy  of  making 

with  all  that  is  excellent  in  conduct  an  ample  Provision  for  the  Roman 

and  in  learning;  with  all  that  can  con-  Catholic  Clergy  of  Ireland.    By  Sir 

ciliate  the  love  and  respect  of  all  who  Alexander  Crichton.  1834. 

live  under  his  pastoral  superintend-  9>  Hintsfor  forming  a  correct  Opinion  on 

ence  ;  and  that  some  of  his  publica-  the  Question  of  altering  the  Liturgy. 

tions  will  take  their  rank  among  the  By  a  Lay-member  of  Oxford.  1834. 

most  profound  and  well -reasoned  works  10.   Ecclesiastical  Establishments  not 

in  theology.    On  subjects  connected  inconsistent  with  Christianity,  Part 

with  his  deep  and  extensive  inquiries  //.    By  William  Hull.  1834. 

into  the  History  of  the  Church,  we  11.  An  Answer  to  the  Case  of  the  Dis- 

hope  to  see  him,  in  his  future  Charges,  senters,  with  some  Remarks  on  the 

affording  to  his  clergy  the  benefit  of  his  Cambridge  Petition.  By  H.J.  Rose, 

instruction^  Fellow  of  St.  John's.  1834. 


*  Within  the  last  two  years,  within  a  few  miles  of  the  spot  where  the  present  writer 
lives,  three  clergymen  of  the  Established  Church,  all  beneficed  men,  without  any 
extravagance  on  their  part,  have  been  obliged  to  leave  their  parishes,  and  have  their 
livings  sequestered,  from  the  absolute  impossibility  of  supporting  themselves  on  the 
wretched  pittance  of  their  incomes.  Mr.  Fox,  the  Unitarian  minister,  allows  that  the 
working  Clergy  of  the  Establishment  are  universally  ill-paid,  and  below  the  average  of 
the  Dissenting  ministers,  even  in  this  country  where  Dissenters  hare  to  bear  double 
burthens.  Surely  the  Bishops  are  bound  to  do  every  thing  for  men  thus  visited  by  a 
perpetual  injury,  and  to  address  the  Government  in  the  strongest  language,  till  the  in- 
justice is  repaired. 

t  There  is  a  passage  in  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln's  Charge,  which  we  cannot  reconcile 
with  another.  He  says  (p.  20)  there  are  exaggerated  representations  of  the  inequality 
existing  in  the  distribution  of  the  Church  revenues.  While,  it  is  said,  the  dignitaries, 
the  favoured  few,  live  in  case  and  luxury,  the  majority  of  the  parochial  clergy,  the 
men  on  whom  the  religious  instruction  of  the  people  really  depends,  receive  only  a 
scanty  pittance,  and  wear  away  a  painful  existence  among  poverty  and  privations. 
Now  what  is  the  exaggeration  ?  Is  it  not  so  ?  Can  any  thing  be  more  unequal  than 
the  distribution  of  the  Church  revenues  ?  At  p.  22  the  Bishop  says,  4  in  Lincoln  there 
arc  2(>u  benefices  under  100/.  per  annum  each.'  Now  it  is  clear  that  these  206'  incum- 
bents, if  not  pluralists,  and  they  cannot  all  be,  must  absolutely  want  the  means  of  all 
but  bare  subsistence.  There  are  many  rich  livings  in  the  diocese.  Where  is  the 
exaggeration  ?  Why  the  Bishop  has  himself  proved  the  truth  of  the  assertion,  to  an 
extent  we  could  not  have  believed. 


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508  Review.— Works  on  the  Church  Establishment.  [Nov 


WE  wish  Lord  John  Russell  joy  of 
his  wise  and  statesmanlike  prophecy, 
that  the  passing  of  the  Reform  Bill 
would  unite  all  ranks,  sects,  and  par- 
ties, in  one  brotherhood  of  love,  in 
common  interests,  common  feelings, 
and  common  unanimities;  that  the 
rulers  would  govern  with  justice,  and 
the  people  obey  with  satisfaction. 

The  pamphlets  enumerated  above, 
which  form  only  a  small  part  of  the 
mass  thrown  up  by  the  ferment  of  con- 
flicting opinion  on  one  part  alone  of 
the  question  of  Government,  is  a  proof 
that,  in  matters  of  religion,  his  Lord- 
ship's prophetic  spirit  was  not  infalli- 
ble :  if,  however,  we  style  him  correct, 
we  must  suppose  that  they  all  proceed 
from  overflowing  love,  however  dis- 
guised ;  for  how  can  there  be  contra- 
riety of  opinion,  or  opposition  of  in- 
terests, in  the  different  classes  of  the 
community,  after  such  a  declaration 
from  him  who  was  the  public  organ 
of  a  nation's  voice  and  will  ?  If,  how- 
ever, this  is  the  voice  of  love,  it  seems 
of  that  kind  complained  of  by  the  ill- 
used  love  in  the  old  ballad  : 

"  Perhaps  it  was  as  well  to  dissemble  your 
love ; 

But  why  did  you  kick  me  down  atairs  ?M 

The  fact  is,  that  it  was  in  the  very 
nature  of  a  Reform  Bill,  (whatever 
good  it  might  produce,  or  however 
just  and  necessary  parts  of  it  might 
be,)  which  transferred  power  from  the 
higher  classes  to  those  below,  and 
which  held  out  the  removal  of  every- 
thing unequal  and  unjust,  and  the 
restoration  (as  it  called  it)  of  their 
Tights  to  those  who  had  been  too  long 
deprived  of  them ;  which  held  out  in 
fact  a  kind  of  semi-utopian  scheme  of 
general  justice,  concord,  and  equality  ; 
it  was  in  its  nature  not  only  to  satisfy 
the  claims  that  time  had  neglected, 
or  perhaps  abuse  concealed,  but  to 
open  views  for  ambition,  cupidity, 
cunning,  selfishness,  and  hatred,  and 
other  evil  passions,  in  every  possible 
channel,  through  which  they  could 
force  therr  unrighteous  path.  We  say 
this  deliberately  and  responsibly.  One 
party,  through  the  Reform  Bill,  was 
for  confiscating  and  seizing  the  estates 
of  absentee  proprietors  in  Ireland ; 
another,  for  destroying  the  Church ; 
another,  for  claiming  for  public  use, 
and  as  of  public  right,  the  estates  of 
the  laud-owners,  as  having  been  long 


mortgaged  to  the  public  by  the  high 
rents  unjustly  received  of  the  public; 
another  for  diminishing  or  stopping 
the  dividends,  from  the  same  cause ; 
others,  for  annihilating  pensions  grant- 
ed by  the  Crown,  and  ratified  by  the 
laws  of  the  land  :  in  short,  in  the  in- 
satiable and  inextinguishable  thirst  for 
reforming  their  neighbours  to  benrfJ 
themselves,  (for  such  has  hitherto  been 
the  progress  of  our  reform,)  there  was 
not  one  species  of  property,  in  any 
shape,  which  this  fraternal  love  of 
Lord  John  Russell  has  not  endea- 
voured to  appropriate :  but  more  bit- 
terly than  all  did  the  long- cherished 
hatred  against  the  Established  Church 
burst  forth,  when  the  dogs  who  had 
so  long  faithfully  guarded  the  flock 
had  been  cajoled  by  the  wolves  into 
an  opinion,  that  they  had  a  right  to 
the  mutton  which  had  been  so  long 
kept  by  them.  It  is  very  well  for  the 
Dissenters  to  say,  that  they  have 
no  wish  for  the  emoluments  of  the 
Church ;  it  would  be  very  unwise  in 
them  to  express  such  wishes ;  and 
they  know  full  well  that  the  property 
of  the  Church  might  come  to  them 
by  an  indirect  chauuel,  as  well  as  by 
a  direct.  If  the  Church  were  destroyed, 
they  know  that  they  must  partake  in 
the  booty — though  not  by  an  imme- 
diate seizure  of  the  spoil.  That  point 
is  clear  enough.  Their  numbersi  their 
power,  their  wealth,  would  be  in- 
creased. But  there  is  also  beyond 
this  a  spiritual  and  sectarian  hatred, 
which  can  tread  even  the  mighty 
power  of  avarice  under  its  feet ;  and 
that  is  the  feeling  expressed  in  some 
of  the  pamphlets  before  us,  and  others 
that  we  have  seen.  There  is  a  deadly, 
furious,  rancorous  hatred,  which  tram- 
ples on  truth,  reason,  fact,  justice, — 
every  thing  that  is  good,  and  every  thing 
that  is  true, — to  attain  its  ends.  Have 
they  not  pronounced  that  the  Church 
is  an  abomination,  that  it  must  be 
destroyed  —  pulled  down,  that  it  is 
too  bad  to  amend  or  improve,  that  it 
is  worse  than  the  vilest  brothel  of  the 
land,  that  they  will  have  no  compro- 
mise with  it,  that  it  is  a  pestilence 
that  must  be  removed  ?  •  We  honestly 


•  These  passages  were  given  in  the 
Quarterly  Keview  about  a  twelvemonth 
since.  We  have  not  the  opportunity  of 
referring  to  the  exact  number. 


Digitized  by  doo 


1835.] 


Review.— Works  on  the  Church  Establishment. 


509 


and  anxiously  wish  to  establish  a 

marked  line  of  division  between  the 
moderate  and  violent  Dissenters ;  for 
we  know  that  such  really  exists  ;  be- 
tween those  who  would  destroy  the 
Church,  root  and  branch,  and  those 
who  wish  to  see  its  anomalies  reduced, 
its  inequalities  removed,  its  grievances 
redressed,  its  discipline  improved,  its 
revenues  bettor  distributed,  and  per- 
haps parts  of  its  liturgy  revised.  But 
we  wish   that  these  latter  persons 
would  explicitly  and  manfully  come 
forward  to  disavow  any  participation 
in  the  feelings  of  their  infuriated 
brethren  ;  we  wish  they  would  inform 
us  exactly  of  their  pretensions  and  de- 
mands through  some  authentic  chan- 
nel.   From  the  very  depths  of  a  con- 
scientious regard  for  truth,  do  we  be- 
lieve that  the  Church  can  answer  in 
righteousness  the  accusations  so  bit- 
terly thrown  out  against  her.  She 
was  said  to  be  gorged  with  wealth; 
but  her  revenues  have  been  found  not 
only  not  superabundant,  but  deplorably 
deficient.    Her  clergy,  left  in  very 
considerable  poverty  ;  her  pluralities, 
in  most  instances,  rendered  necessary, 
od  account  of  the  spoliation  she  has 
suffered  from  rapacious  hands  ;  non- 
residence,  in  roost  cases,  nominal  and 
harmless.  Her  doctrine  has  been  found 
pure  and  apostolical ;  her  constitution 
liberal  •  and  mild ;  her  bishops  men 
of  approved  learning,  wisdom,  and 
sanctity ;  her  clergy  peaceful,  con- 
tented, charitable  benefactors  of  the 
district  in  which  they  live  ;  the  higher 
classes  of  the  community  seriously  at- 
tached to  her  rites.    And  yet  this  is 
the  Church  which  the  piety  of  our 
forefathers  endowed,  and  which  the 
affection  of  their  descendants  has  sup- 
ported ;  which  has  for  a  long  series  of 
years  been  a  staff  to  the  poor,  a  com- 
fort to  the  afflicted,  a  light  to  the 
wandering  and  benighted  ;  the  benefit 
of  which  all  ranks  and  classes  have  felt; 

*  When  a  servant  brought  up  to  the 
Established  Church,  enters  into  the  family 
of  a  Dissenter,  he  or  she  is  obliged  to  go 
to  the  dissenting  chapel.  This  fact  we 
answer  for.  When  a  dissenting  domestic 
is  in  the  service  of  a  Churchman,  he  is 
at  liberty  to  exercise  his  own  freedom  of 
cbuicc.  Now  in  which  is  the  toleration  ? 
in  which  the  petty,  constant  spiritual  op- 
pression ? 


which  has  supported  unanimity  with- 
out restraint,  and  liberality  without 
latitudinarianism ;  which  has  equally 
advocated  the  rights  of  the  People 
and  the  prerogative  of  the  Crown. 
This  is  the  Church  which,  now  in  her 
latter  days  and  in  her  renovated 
strength,  is  to  be  sacrificed  to  the 
capriciousness  and  cupidity  of  a  gain- 
saying people.  We  do  not  say  that 
the  earthly  vessel  of  the  Church  ia 
without  flaw  or  blemish  ;  but  we  say 
that  whatever  specks  or  stains  are  on 
her,  may  be  removed  without  deform- 
ing, certainly  without  destroying,  the 
building.  We  say,  that  it  is  not  wise 
or  candid  to  expect  a  perfection  which 
does  not  belong  to  any  sublunary 
thing :  that  the  sects  owe  much  that 
is  praiseworthy  in  them  to  the  Church 
which  they  run  down ;  and  that,  if  they 
could  accomplish  its  ruin,  their  own 
would  speedily  and  inevitably  follow. 
The  moment  the  lion  falls,  the  jackals 
would  quarrel  and  fight  for  the  booty. 
Among  the  books  enumerated  above, 
we  wish  particularly  to  call  the  at- 
tention of  our  readers  to  No.  10,  on 
Ecclesiastical  Establishments  not  being 
inconsistent  with  Christianity.  Deep- 
ly are  all  those  who  love  the  Church 
indebted  to  Mr.  Hull  its  author,  for 
his  able,  eloquent,  and  well-reasoned 
defence,  written  in  a  most  tender  and 
conscientious  rectitude  of  judgment ;' 
temperate,  yet  firm  ;  liberal,  yet  con- 
ceding no  point  of  danger;  even  the 
enemies  of  his  cause  must  respect  the 
admirable  propriety  of  his  defence. 
Mr.  Hull's  attachment  to  the  Church 
is  ardent,  but  it  is  reasonable — an  at- 
tachment growing  out  of  the  ex- 
perience which  he  has  received,  and 
which  he  can  recount,  of  her  excel- 
lencies :  and  fully  do  we  agree  with 
him  in  his  concluding  passage  :  "  So 
profound  is  the  attachment  of  the 
great  bulk  of  the  people  to  the  Church 
— so  intimately  blended  with  their 
better  and  more  sound  feelings,  is  their 
reverence  for  her  worship,  that,  let  but 
her  leaders  be  faithful,  dauntless,  and 
firm,  and  all  will  be  right.  The  coun- 
try will  be  spared  a  needless  humilia- 
tion; faction  will  not  obtain  even  a 
temporary  triumph ;  nor,  amid  the 
calamities  of  a  deserted  altar  and  a 
vacant  throne,  shall  we  have  to  solace 
our  hearts  with  the  assurance  of  a 
second  restoration." 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


5 1 0  Review.    Fudges  in  England  —Defoe's  Journal.  [Nor. 

The  Fudges  in  England,  being  a  sequel    Where  If  the  Co.  call'd  In  their  shares, 
to  the  Fudge  Family  in  Paris.    By       If  petticoats  their  quota  got, 


Thomas  Brown  the  Younger. 

THIS  jeu-d'esprit  is,  we  think,  in- 
ferior to  its  predecessors,  both  in  the 
richness  of  its  wit,  and  the  neatness 
of  its  execution.  Nor  can  we  approve 
the  spirit  of  the  Seorner,  which  appears 
through  so  much  of  it.  We  will,  how- 
ever, give  a  specimen  or  two,  the  first 
of  which  we  suppose  to  be  addressed 
to  Miss  or  Mrs.  Strickland,  or  Mrs. 
Howitt,  or  some  of  our  delightful 
songstresses,  who  sing  like  nightin- 
gales, but  we  trust  without,  like 
Philomel,  leaning  their  breasts  against 
a  thorn. 

LOVE  SONG. 


TO  MISS 


Air.— Come  live  with  me,  and  be  my  Love. 
Come  wed  with  me,  and  we  will  write, 
My  blue  of  blues,  from  morn  to  night. 
Chas'd  from  our  classic  souls  shall  be 
All  thoughts  of  vulgar  progcn}\ 
And  thou  shalt  walk  through  smiling  rows 
Of  chubby  duodecimos ; 
While  I,  to  match  thy  products  nearly, 
Shall  lie-in  of  a  quarto  yearly. 
*Tis  true  ev'n  books  entail  some  trouble, 
But  live  productions  give  one  double. 
Correcting  children  is  such  bother, 
While  printer's  devils  correct  the  other. 
Just  think,  my  own  Malthusian  dear 
How  much  more  decent  'tis  to  hear, 
From  male  or  female — as  it  may  be — 
'  How  's  your  book  ?'  —  than  «  How 's 

your  baby  ? ' 
And  whereas  physic  and  wet-nurses 
Do  much  exhaust  paternal  purses, 
Our  books,  if  ricketty,  may  go, 
And  be  well  dry-nurs'd  in  the  Row ; 
And  when  God  wills  to  take  them  hence, 
Be  buried  at  the  Row's  expense. 
Besides  (as  'tis  well  prov'd  by  thee 
In  thy  own  works,  vol  93), 
The  march,  just  now,  of  population 
So  much  outstrips  all  moderation, 
That  ev'n  prolific  herring- shoals 
Keep  pace  not  with  our  erring  souls. 
Oh  !  far  more  proper  and  well-bred 
To  stick  to  writing  books  instead. 
And  show  the  world  how  two  blue  lovers 
Can  coalesce,  like  two  book-covers 
(Sheepskin — or  calf— or  such  wise  leather) 
Letter'd  at  back,  and  stitch'd  together, 
Fondly  as  first  the  binder  fix'd  them, 
With  nought  but— literature  betwixt  'em. 

DICK   *   *   •  * 

A  CHARACTER. 

Of  various  scraps  and  fragments  built, 
Borrow'd  alike  from  fools  and  wits  ; 

Dick's  mind  was  like  a  patchwork  quilt, 
Made  up  of  new,  old,  motley  bits. 


And  gowns  were  all  refunded  theirs, 
The  quilt  would  look  but  shy,  God  wot. 

And  thus  he  still,  new  plagiaries  seeking, 

Revers'd  ventriloquism's  trick, 
For  'stead  of  Dick  through  others  speak- 
ing»  [Dick. 

'Twas  others  we  heard  speak  through 
A  Tory  now,  all  bounds  exceeding. 

Now  best  of  Whigs,  now  worst  of  Rats; 
One  day  with  Malthus,  foe  to  breeding, 

The  next,  with  Sadler,  all  for  brats. 

Poor  Dick  !  and  how  else  could  it  be, 

With  notions  all  at  random  caught, 
A  sort  of  mental  fricassee 

Made  up  of  legs  and  wings  of  thought? 
The  leavings  of  the  last  debate,  or 

A  dinner  yesterday  of  wits, 
Where  Dick  sate  by  and,  like  a 

Had  the  scraps  for  perquisites. 


Journal  of  the  Plague  Year.  By  Daniel 
Defoe,  Esq.  edited  by  E.  W.  Bray  ley, 
F.S.A.  8fc. 

THE  spirited,  powerful,  and  most 
interesting  narrative  of  the  plague,  by 
Defoe,  has  always  been  esteemed  a 
masterpiece  of  description.    He  has 
'  worded  the  matter '  in  the  most  mas- 
terly manner :  nothing  can  exceed  the 
truth,  the  force,  the  thrilling  horror 
of  his  tremendous  scenes  of  suffering, 
agony,  and  crime.    Yet,  great  as  was 
the  genius  of  the  writer,  it  is  evident 
that  it  must  have  been  supplied  with 
an  ample  store  of  materials.    No  ima- 
gination,  alone  and  unaided,  could 
have  supplied  that  mass  of  detail, 
which,  combined,  complete  the  most 
awful  picture  of  human  suffering.  The 
introduction  to  the  new  edition,  by 
Mr.  Bray  ley,  enables  us  to  ascertain 
in  some  cases,  and  probably  to  guess 
in  others,  what  were  the  works  to 
which  Defoe  trusted  as  his  guides. 
We  shall  enumerate  them. 

1.  It  is  extremely  probable  that  a 
part  of  his  information  was  actually 
derived  from  some  diary  or  manuscript 
observations,  communicated  to  him  by 
an  individual  of  his  own  family,  and 
to  whom  he  probably  refers  by  the 
initials  H.  F. 

2.  Other  manuscripts  were  preserved 
from  which  he  derived  information,  as 
the  Loimographia  of  Boghurst,  whose 
MS.  is  now  in  the  British  Museum. 
Probably  Boghurst's  MS.  had  been 
perused  by  De  Foe. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Review.— Loudon's  Architectural  Magazine. 


511 


3.  The  chief  printed  sources  of  De 
Foe's  memoirs,  were  the  collection  of 
all  the  Bills  of  Mortality  for  1665,  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of  •  London's 
dreadful  Visitation;'  the  'Loimologia 
of  Dr.  Hodges;'  *  God's  terrible  Voice 
in  the  City,'  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Vin- 
cent, 1667  ;  the  original  edition  of 
the  Loimologia,  which  was  in  Latin, 
was  in  1672,  enlarged  in  4to.  1675, 
translated  and  re- published  in  1720. 
It  should  be  remembered  that  De  Foe 
was  a  mere  child  when  this  dreadful 
calamity  happened ;  yet  is  his  narra- 
tive not  only  so  powerfully  but  so 
faithfully  drawn,  that  Dr.  Lingard,  in 
his  History  of  England,  has  almost 
entirely  copied  from  him. 

The  present  edition  is  very  well 
edited,  with  many  interesting  notes 
from  the  Diaries  of  Evelyn  and  Pepys. 
The  anecdote  of  the  statue  of  the  Bag- 
piper, by  Old  Cobbe,  is  new  to  us,  and 
very  curious.  We  think  that  search 
should  be  made  for  it,  that  it  should  be 
deposited  among  our  national  sculp- 
ture. 


The  Architectural  Magazine,  conducted 
by  J.  C.  Loudon.    Vol,  II. 

MR.  LOUDON  has  greatly  aided 
the  interests  of  the  science  of  architec- 
ture, by  the  establishment  of  this  va- 
luable periodical.  Exclusively  dedi- 
cated to  the  various  branches  of  the 
fine  and  useful  arts  connected  with 
building,  it  deserves  the  attentive  con- 
sideration of  every  one  who  has  taste  to 
appreciate,  and  judgment  to  understand 
the  value  and  importance  of  that  art, 
which,  above  every  other  branch  of  the 
fine  arts,  is  most  subjected  to  every  day 
inspection  and  criticism.  The  Maga- 
zine appears  regularly  every  month 
with  the  other  periodicals  of  the  day  ; 
it  has  now  completed  one  volume,  and 
the  second  is  in  a  state  of  progress. 

We  have  already  reviewed  the  earlier 
portion  of  the  work,  and  given  spe- 
cimens of  its  contents.  We  have  only 
to  add  that  the  character  we  formed 
of  the  work  is  not  at  all  diminished 
by  the  subsequently  published  por- 
tions. 

There  are  some  points  of  practice 
which  require  to  be  handled  with  a 
bold  and  fearless  tone  of  criticism.  In 
our  former  review  (Gent.  Mag.  March 
1835,  p.  291)  we  gave  an  extract  in 


which  some  disreputable  practices  of 
members  of  the  profession  were  treated 
with  justly  severe  reprehension.  In 
the  present  volume  the  conductor 
seems  disposed  to  handle  one  of  the 
greatest  abuses  in  public  works  with 
equal  severity ;  we  allude  to  compe- 
tition plans  and  premiums,  which,  in 
the  case  of  many  of  the  new  churches 
and  other  public  buildings,  are  said  to 
have  been  productive  of  many  instances 
of  unfair  jobbing.  Upon  this  head 
the  conductor  has  a  delicate  and  a  dan- 
gerous task  to  perform;  his  shafts  will 
not  be  aimed  alone  at  the  low  and 
pettifogging  members  of  the  profes- 
sion, but  will,  if  fearlessly  directed, 
pierce  the  fame  of  those  who  may  bold 
their  heads  very  loftily.  If  he  exe- 
cute this  part  of  his  task  boldly  and 
independently,  however  much  he  may 
encounter  the  enmity  and  persecu- 
tion of  the  men  who  will  feel  them- 
selves aggrieved  by  the  exposition  of 
their  dishonest  practices,  he  will  in- 
fallibly raise  his  work  in  the  estima- 
tion of  the  public  and  the  profession. 

A  short  notice  in  page  329,  referring 
to  Fishmongers'  Hall,  is  deserving  of 
attention.  When  it  is  recollected  that 
the  splendid  design  for  the  Birming- 
ham Town  Hall  was  intended  for  this 
building,  and  that,  out  of  the  multitude 
of  designs  sent  in,  the  bald  and  com- 
mon- place  structure  now  executed,  was 
selected  to  disfigure  the  new  and 
dearly-bought  entrance  to  the  Metro- 
polis, it  must  be  obvious  that  some  pow- 
erful motive  must  have  influenced  the 
preference  ;  but  for  the  honour  of  man- 
kind we  hope  and  trust  that  a  motive 
so  mean  and  dishonest  as  that  alluded 
to  in  the  passage  to  which  we  have 
referred,  could  never  have  guided  the 
conduct  of  any  man  possessing  the 
least  claims  to  character  or  rank  in 
society. 

Articles  of  a  practical  nature,  com- 
municated by  architects  or  artificers, 
arc  very  valuable  ;  of  this  description 
is  "  An  Essay  on  the  means  adopted 
for  securing  certain  decayed  flooring 
and  partitions  at  Apothecaries'  Hall, 
Dublin,  and  a  description  of  the  Me- 
tallic Trusses  used  ;  by  Robert  Mallet, 
Esq."  p.  165.  The  structure  had  been 
improperly  erected  ;  to  use  an  expres- 
sive term  of  the  builder  "  scamped." 
The  writer,  apparently  an  iron  foun- 
der, was  called  on  to  raise  to  their 


Digitized  by  Google 


512  Review.— Institute 

original  levels  the  roof  and  floors  which 
had  sunk,  and  to  restore  the  walls  to 
their  perpendicularity.  The  mode  in 
which  this  was  effected,  with  the  trusses 
used  for  the  purpose  of  rectifying  the 
faulty  construction,  are  fully  explained 
by  a  number  of  wood-cuts.  The  work 
was  executed  in  a  short  space  of  time, 
at  a  comparatively  trifling  expense, 
and  with  very  slight  disturbance  of 
the  component  parts  of  the  structure. 

We  wish  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
conductor  particularly  to  cases  like 
this.  If  the  fault  in  a  building  be 
pointed  out,  and  the  remedy  given,  it 
will  form  a  beacon  to  guide  future  ar- 
chitects against  the  commission  of 
errors  which  in  the  present  day  are 
unfortunately  too  common.  We  should 
like  to  see  a  similar  account  of  the 
means  by  which  the  ceilings  of  three 
churches  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metro- 
polis were  set  right ;  viz.  St.  John, 
Lambeth,  St.  George,  Camherwell,  and 
lastly,  Trinity  Church,  Newington. 
All  the  roofs  were  constructed  on  one 
principle  ;  the  fault  was  we  believe 
the  same  in  all,  and  the  remedy  was 
in  like  manner  common  to  the  three. 
Perhaps  Mr.  Loudon  will  devote  a 
future  page  to  the  subject. 

Mr.  E.  B.  Lamb  appears  to  have 
bestowed  great  attention  on  our  earlv 
architecture.  In  the  authorities  which 
he  gives  for  the  detail  of  his  villa,  in 
the  style  of  the  thirteenth  century,  he 
evinces  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
minute  varieties,  and  slight  but  ma- 
terial changes  which  were  going  on  at 
the  time  when  the  Pointed  style  was 
giadually  forming  itself  out  of  the 
ruins  of  the  older  architecture  of  the 
Romans.  Though  we  cannot  ap- 
prove of  the  design  itself,  it  would  be 
unjust  to  quarrel  with  the  detail, 
which  we  strongly  recommend  as  a 
guide  to  any  one  who  wishes  to  trace 
the  progress  of  the  mullioned  window 
from  simple  loopholes,  to  the  complete 
splendour  of  York  and  Exeter. 

This  article  corrects  another  on  the 
same  subject  by  Mr.  Picton,  who  rather 
inconsiderately  pronounces  that  square 
windows  are  not  to  be  found  either  in 
the  Norman  or  early  Pointed  styles. 
In  Mr.  Lamb's  essay,  several  examples 
are  given  of  lintel  led  openings  of  a 
very  early  period. 

Our  objection  to  the  design  of  Mr. 
Lamb  is  the  want  of  resemblance  to 


of  British  Architects.  [Nov. 

any  domestic  building  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  the  detail  with  the  exception 
of  the  chimnies  being  ecclesiastical 
rather  than  domestic.  His  drawing- 
room  is  a  nave  and  chancel,  and  hie 
breakfast-room  the  oratory  of  a  hermit. 
The  ceilings  are  not  equal'  to  the  other 
in  purity  of  detail.  In  one  room  the 
pannelling  is  as  late  as  James  the  First; 
in  the  other  not  earlier  than  Henry  the 
Eighth. 

The  recent  atrocious  alterations  of 
Bath  Abbey  Church,  are  noticed  from 
a  provincial  newspaper.  It  is  difficult 
to  imagine  how  an  architect  could  be 
found  so  besotted  as  to  inflict  an  in- 
jury on  a  fine  old  building,  so  serious 
and  wanton  as  that  which  has  beea 
done  by  the  Corporation  architects  of 
this  city.  The  Tnrk  who  might  add 
a  minaret  or  an  ogee  cupola  to  the 
Parthenon,  would  be  less  reprehensible ; 
for  he  would  not  profess  that  he  was 
only  completing  what  Pericles  had  left 
unfinished.  Let  us  hope  that  very  soon 
the  good  sense  of  the  Corporation  will 
return,  and  lead  to  the  restoration  of 
the  tower  and  the  church  to  its  pristine 
state,  at  least  as  far  as  the  parts  de- 
stroyed through  the  ignorance  of  the 
architect  will  allow  it  to  be  done. 

We  again  take  our  leave  of  Mr. 
Loudon,  with  our  best  wishes  that  his 
Magazine  may  go  on  and  prosper. 


Institute  of  British  Architects.  Ques- 
tions upon  various  subjects  connected 
tcith  Architecture,  suggested  for  the 
direction  of  Correspondents  and  Tra- 
vellers. 8vo. 

THE  establishment  of  the  Society 
from  which  the  present  pamphlet 
emanates,  we  sincerely  trust  will  pro- 
duce great  benefits  both  to  the  study 
and  practice  of  the  science  of  Architec- 
ture. It  is  pleasing  to  see  the  flourish- 
ing state  of  the  Institute;  and  satisfac- 
tory to  refiVct  that  the  apathy  which 
has  been  displayed  towards  this  im- 
portant branch  of  the  fiue  arts,  wdl 
henceforwatd  cease  to  operate  to  its 
prejudice. 

From  the  existence  of  such  an  insti- 
tution, we  may  hope  to  see  the  cha- 
racter of  an  architect  raised  and  ele- 
vated to  a  high  level.  Wc  may  expect 
that  the  science  will  be  treated  by  its 
professors  in  a  more  liberal  manner 
than  of  late  it  has  been ;  that  the  art 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.] 


Review. — Archxologia,  Vol.  XXVI. 


513 


of  design  will  be  cultivated,  and  that 
the  architect  will  feel  that  he  has 
something  more  to  do  than  to  erect  a 
pile  of  brick  or  stone  of  a  given  size, 
Tor  a  given  sum  of  money.  Feeliug 
that  his  works  must  abide  not  only 
the  test  of  the  present  age,  but  that 
futurity  will  be  the  judges  of  his  me- 
rits, he  will  seek  to  insure  the  praises 
of  future  times,  by  originality  in  con- 
ception and  grace,  and  consistency  in 
execution. 

"  One  of  the  principal  purposes  for 
which  the  Institute  has  been  establish- 
ed," says  the  Address  at  the  com- 
mencement of  this  pamphlet,  "  is  that 
of  collecting  information  of  every  kind 
connected  with  architecture.  With 
the  view,  therefore,  of  producing  an 
uniformity  of  operation  in  the  inves- 
tigations of  those  who  may  be  disposed 
to  further  the  intentions  of  the  Insti- 
tute, the  members  have  considered  it 
due  to  their  friends  and  well-wishers 
to  authorize  their  junior  secretary  (Mr. 
Donaldson)  to  compile  a  scries  of 
questions/embracing  most  of  the  points 
connected  with  the  practical  depart- 
ments of  architecture,  for  the  purpose 
of  publication  and  distribution  ;  so  as 
to  suggest  to  correspondents  the  kind 
of  information  which  may  most  natu- 
rally promote  the  end  they  have  in 
view." 

The  questions  not  only  relate  to  the 
mechanical  and  decorative  departments 
of  architecture  and  building,  to  mate- 
rials, to  civil  engineering  and  other 
matters  more  closely  relating  to  pro- 
fessional duties,  but  they  embrace  also 
various  points  of  general  philosophy, 
under  the  heads  of  acoustics,  venti- 
lation, light,  &c.  and  further  com- 
prize the  literature  of  the  science,  the 
biography  of  its  professors,  and  the 
important  subject  of  education.  Hence 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  Institution  ap- 
peals not  alone  to  the  architect,  but  to 
the  man  of  science  and  learning.  Let 
us  add  our  wish  that  they  may  meet 
with  able  and  numerous  answers. 

The  questions  are  very  ably  drawn 
up  by  Mr.  Donaldson  ;  they  arc  brief 
and  comprehensive,  and  will  be  ex- 
ceedingly useful  as  a  guide  to  any  one 
who  may  as  an  amateur  wish  to  exa- 
mine any  building  ancient  or  modern, 
and  who,  without  some  assistance  of 
this  kind,  might  find  himself  in  a  dif- 
ficulty as  to  the  mode  of  applying 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


himself  to  the  undertaking.  Let  him 
take  Mr.  Donaldson's  instructions  in 
his  hand,  and  he  will  find  his  task 
lightened,  and  he  cannot  evince  his 
gratitude  for  the  instruction  he  has 
received  in  a  better  manner  than  by 
communicating  the  results  of  his  la- 
bours to  the  Society  which  has  ren- 
dered him  so  important  a  service. 

We  have  deemed  it  right  to  give  a 
separate  notice  of  this  pamphlet,  in 
order  that  by  drawing  the  utmost  at- 
tention to  it,  we  may,  to  the  extent  of 
our  humble  ability,  further  the  views 
of  a  Society  well  deserving  of  the 
highest  patronage  of  the  enlightened 
and  the  tasteful  in  the  nation. 


ArcHjCologi  a,  or  Miscellaneous  Tracts 
relating  to  Antiquity.  Published  by 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London. 
Vol.  XXVI.  Part  I. 

(Continued from  p.  403.) 

On  the  Foundation-stone  of  the  origi- 
nal Church  of  St.  Mark,  at  Venice; 
with  some  Remarks  on  the  Ceremony  of 
laying  Foundation-stones  in  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Edifices.  By  Francis  Douce,  Esq. 
F.S.A. 

THE  Romans,  in  the  dedication  of 
their  temples,  observed  numerous  ce- 
remonies, sacrifices,  lustrations,  larg- 
esses, &c.  to  use  a  term  which  the 
middle  ages  gave  to  a  similar  custom 
of  dispensing  money  to  the  assembled 
spectators.  Tacitus  has  given  us  a 
very  circumstantial  account  of  these 
ceremonies,  as  employed  in  laying  the 
foundation-stone  on  the  rebuilding  of 
the  capitol  in  the  reign  of  the  Emperor 
Vespasian.* 

Foundation-stones  were  styled  la- 
pides  auspicates  by  the  Romans;  a  por- 
tion of  an  inscription  of  one  for  the 
portico  of  a  temple  of  Minerva  has  been 
preserved  by  Gruter  (see  p.  217).  The 
Romanists  who  have  perpetuated  (ow- 
ing perhaps  to  the  prejudices  of  early 
converts)  so  much  of  the  pomp  and 
superstitions  of  Paganism,  laid  the  foun- 
dation-stones of  their  churches  with 
great  ceremony.  A  cross  was  erected 
where  the  altar  was  to  stand,  the  foun- 
dation-stone was  then  deposited  on  the 
spot  by  the  bishop,  who  sprinkled  it 
with  holy  water  mingled  with  salt,  to 
keep  away  evil  spirits  ;  the  bishop  cut 

*  Tacit.  Hist.  lib.  iv.  cap.  53. 
3  U 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


514 


Rbtibw.— Archaologia,  Vol.  XXVI. 


a  cross  upon  the  foundation-stone, 
reciting  certain  prayers,  and  the  choir 
chaunted  the  anthem,  •  Mane  surgens 
Jacob  erigebat  lapidem,'  &c. 

The  foundation-stone  of  the  church 
of  St.  Mark,  at  Venice,  was  laid  in  the 
early  part  of  the  ninth  century,  by  the 
Doge  Giovanni  Particiaco.  This  curi- 
ous relic,  exhibited  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  by  Mr.  Douce,  he  has  de- 
scribed "  as  of  a  circular  form.  Its 
diameter  six  inches  and  a  quarter,  its 
thickness  half  an  inch  ;  the  material  of 
which  it  is  composed  is  a  kind  of  Bres- 
cia marble,  or  perhaps  verd  antique. 
On  the  upper  side  is  engraved  a  very 
rude  head  of  Saint  Mark,  with  a  sin- 
gular nimbus,  that  has  very  much  the 
appearance  of  a  snake.  About  one 
quarter  of  the  stone  has  been  broken 
off,  which  renders  the  inscription  im- 
perfect that  encircles  the  inner  edge, 
but  enough  of  it  fortunately  remains 
to  record  its  purpose." — (p.  219.) 

This  existing  portion  evidently  is  to 
be  read — "  Ecclesise  Sancti  Marci  pri- 
mampetram  posuit  Dux  Johannes  Par- 
ticiaco." The  letters  of  this  inscrip- 
tion certainly  evince  their  great  anti- 
quity. The  C  •  O  *  P-  R  and  S  are 
formed  in  the  same  manner  as  on 
many  of  our  Saxon  coins. 

The  inscribed  stone  appears  to  have 
been  let  into  the  surface  of  a  larger 
one.  Mr.  Douce  has  not,  however,  told 
us  on  what  occasion  the  foundations 
of  the  Venetian  cathedral  were  so  dis- 
turbed, that  their  original  first  stone 
became  visible.  When  St.  Dunstan's 
Church  in  the  West  was  lately  rebuilt, 
the  corner-stone  was  discovered,  into 
which  was  let  a  brass  plate,  inscribed 
with  the  letters  Sb'u,  surrounded  by  a 
crown  of  thorns,  in  allusion  to  Christ 
a  ^  the  corner- stone  and  rock  of  the 
Christian  church. 

Results  of  an  Inquiry  concerning  the 
Situation  and  Extent  of  Westminster,  at 
various  Periods.  By  George  Saunders, 
Esq.  F.R.S.  Sfc. 

This  is  a  very  curious  topographical 
paper.  The  important  charter  of  King 
Edgar,  granted  to  the  abbey  of  West- 
minster a.d.  951,  is  the  earliest  known 
authority  defining  the  limits  of  West- 
minster. The  following  is  the  transla- 
tion of  a  portion  of  the  Saxon  original, 
printed  by  Widmore  in  his  History  of 
the  Abbey "  First  up  from  Thames 


along  Merfleet  to  Pollen  Stock,  so  to 
Bulinga  fen;*  afterwards  along  the 
fen,  along  the  old  ditch  to  Cowford, 
from  Cowford  up  along  Tyburn,  to  the 
broad  military  road  (pibe  hrpe-rtpear), 
following  the  military  road  to  the  old 
stock f  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  then 
within  London  fen,  proceeding  south 
on  Thames  to  raid  stream,  and  along 
that  stream  by  land  and  strand  to 
Mer6et." 

Our  space  scarcely  admits  of  our 
following  the  definition  of  these  boun- 
daries ;  but  a  glance  at  the  map,  plate 
xxv.  at  once  reveals  them.    The  line 
commencing  at  the  Thames,  a  little 
westward  of  the  present  Vauxhall 
bridge,  crossing  the  Green  Park,  fell 
in  with  Oxford-street  (the  wide  Here 
street,  or  broad  military  way,  formed 
by  the  Romans,  and  whose  origin  was 
still  recognized  in  the  Saxon  times), 
where  it  turned  westward,  accompany- 
ing the  military  way  through  Hoi  born, 
to  the  river  Fleet,  then  forming  a  marsh 
at  Holborn  bridge.   And  here  we  must 
take  occasion  to  differ  in  some  degree 
from  the  assertion  of  the  author,  that 
the  most  ancient  causeway  over  the 
Fleet  was  undoubtedly  in  the  line  of 
Ludirate;  the  opening  in  the  city  walls 
at  Newgate  having  been  made,  accord- 
ing to  Stow,  about  1 135.  The  Roman 
way  referred  to  in  the  Saxon  charter, 
as  the  north  boundary  of  the  land  of  the 
Abbey  of  Westminster,  certainly  passed 
the  Fleet  at  Holborn  bridge;  and  in  1833 
a  Roman  tomb,  placed  by  the  side  of 
this  way,  was  discovered  opposite  St. 
Andrew's  church,  within  an  enclosure 
of  oak  planking,  and  containing  several 
urns.    The  Roman  road  then  probably 
diverged  without  entering  Londinium, 
in  the  line  of  Cow-cross  and  Old  Street 
road  to  Old  Ford.  The  next  definition 
of  the  boundaries  of  Westminster  ap- 
pears in  a  decree  of  1222,  in  a  dispute 
occurring  between  the  Abbey  and  the 
see  of  London,  wherein  the  limits  of 
Westminster  are  presumed  to  be  co- 
equal with  the  parish  of  St.  Margaret 
The  chief  variation  of  this  decree  is  in 
the  eastern  limit,  which  now  became 
the  rivulet  of  Ulebrig,  running  into  the 
Thames  near  Ivy  bridge  in  the  Strand, 
a  little  eastward  of  Somerset- place, 
following  indeed  pretty  nearly  the  line 


*  This  was,  it  is  supposed,Tothill-nclds. 
t  Stoke,  i.  e.  place,  site. 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.] 

ofDrury-lane,  as  far  north  as  Long  Acre, 
supposing  that  lane  continued  to  the 
Thames ;  from  which  limit,  however, 
the  whole  liberty  of  the  Savoy  Palace, 
of  the  parishes  of  St.  Clement  Danes, 
and  St.  Mary-le-Strand  were  excluded. 
The  claim  that  the  manor  of  Eia,  or 
Eye,  given  to  the  Abbey  by  Geoffrey 
de  Ma^naville,  was  within  the  limits 
of  Westminster,  was  recognized  in  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII,  and  its  acknow- 
ledged  boundaries  extended  as  they 
stand  at  the  present  day.  The  act  of 
28  Henry  VIII.  cap.  49,  shews  that 
the  three  manors  of  Nete,  Eybury,  and 
Hyde  had  their  names  from  this  manor. 
They  were  probably  made  part  of  St. 
Martin's  when  it  was  ordained  a  pa- 
rish, prior  to  15C1.  This  manor, 
whose  name  is  perpetuated  in  Ebury- 
street,  Pimlico,  either  gave  its  name 
to  or  received  it  from  the  rivulet 
of  Eye,  since  corrupted  probably  by 
the  addition  of  the  definite  article 
into  Tyburn  (Th'Eyebourn).  An- 
other corruption  of  the  Eye  or  Aye 
brook,  Mr.  Saunders  says,  is  found  in 
Hay- hill,  where  the  original  name,  ac- 
cording to  the  true  Cockney  dialect, 
adopts  the  aspirate.  The  manor  of 
Eye  contained  10  hides,  and  Mr.  Saun- 
ders ingeniously  shews  by  a  compara- 
tive calculation,  drawn  from  the  known 
extent  of  the  ancient  manor  of  Stiben- 
hede  (Stepney)  that  each  hide  must 
have  contained  about  60  acres. 

On  the  Etymology  of  the  Word  Mass, 
in  a  Letter  from  H.  C.  Robinson,  Esq. 

Mr.  Robinson  has  successfully  com- 
bated the  idea  that  this  term  has  any 
reference  to  the  conclusion  of  the  Ro- 
mish rites  and  the  dismission  of  the 
people — Ite,  missa  est.  It  is  found  in 
combination  with  our  great  annual 
festivals,  Christina*,  Lamrocw,  Mi- 
chaelmas, &c.  He  thinks,  very  plau- 
sibly, that  the  term  corresponds  in 
meaning  with  the  Lard's -supper.  That 
its  derivative  is  to  be  found  in  the  Teu- 
tonic languages :  mats,  in  the  M»so- 
Gothic,  is  rendered  by  Lye,  meat,  ci- 
bus,  escaj  kirch-messe,  contracted  by 
the  Germans  into  kirmes,  means  a 
church  feast ;  and  we  have  the  same 
term  indeed  in  a  mess  of  pottage.  A 
German  writer  speaks  of  our  Saviour 
eating  his  last  mas — yungeste  mas. 
Nothing,  therefore,  can  be  more  con- 
clusive, we  think,  to  carry  back  the 


5L5 

allusion  even  to  the  pure  and  uncor- 
rupted  period  of  the  Christian  church, 
than  that  the  bread  and  wine,  which 
the  Lord  commanded  all  his  followers 
to  receive,  is  the  real  festival,  indicated 
and  expressed  as  such  by  this  term 
mass. 

Three  inedited  Saxon  Charters,  from 
the  Cartulary  of  Cirencester  Abbey, 
communicated  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 
Bart.  F.S.A. 

Principally  communicated  in  order 
to  show  by  the  variation  in  the  Saxon 
orthography,  between  the  time  of  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  and  William  the 
Conqueror,  that  a  change  was  then 
taking  place  in  the  language. 

Account  of  the  Discovery  of  an  Anci- 
ent Canoe,  at  North  Stoke,  in  Sussex, 
by  Thomas  Phillips,  Esq.  R.A.  fyc. 

This  boat,  of  singularly  primitive 
appearance,  is  35  feet  in  length  and 
4  ft.  6  in.  wide  in  the  centre,  and  1  ft. 
10  in.  in  depth,  and  is  simply  the  half 
of  the  stem  of  a  large  oak  hollowed 
out.  It  has  three  bars  at  the  bottom, 
which  in  some  degree  assimilates  it  to 
vessels  of  a  more  modern  construction. 

Found  in  a  country  intersected  by 
ditches  and  streams,  a  doubt  mightsag- 
gest  itself  whether  it  were  ever  used 
for  marine  navigation  ?  Might  it  not, 
whatever  its  antiquity,  have  been  em- 
ployed as  a  mode  of  communication 
between  adjoining  fields,  as  a  rude  sort 
of  moveable  bridge?  In  later  times, 
boats  constructed  for  similar  purposes 
of  ferry,  obtained,  for  obvious  reasons, 
the  name  of  punts  (ponts)  or  bridges. 
Vessels  of  hollowed  trees  have  been 
found  from  time  to  time  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  are 
indeed  interesting  specimens  of  abori- 
ginal art.  We  are  happy  to  observe, 
that  this  is  liberally  consigned  to  the 
British  Museum. 

Narratives  of  the  Arrival  of  Louis  de 
Bruges,  Seigneur  de  la  Gruthuyse,  in 
England,  and  of  his  Creation  as  Earl  of 
Winchester,  in  1472.  Communicated  in 
a  Letter  by  6ir  Frederic  Madden,  K.H. 
F.R.S. 

These  narratives  have  been  found 
in  No.  6113  of  the  MSS.  Add.  of 
the  British  Museum.  When  Edward 
IV.  in  1470,  was  obliged  to  abandon 
the  kingdom  to  which  he  laid  claim. 


Rkvibw.— Archaologia,  Vol.  XXVI. 


Digitized  by  Google 


516 


Revibw.— Archaologia,  Vol.  XXVI. 


[Nov. 


he  embarked  with  his  retinue  in  three 
small  vessels  for  the  dominions  of  his 
brother-in-law  the  Duke  of  Burgundy. 
On  the  voyage  he  was  chaced  by  some 
piratical  vessels  belonging  to  the  Easter- 
lings,  and  with  difficulty  reached  the 
port  Alkmaer,  where  he  was  welcomed 
by  Louis  de  Bruges  Seigneur  de  la 
Gruthuyse,  governor  of  Holland  under 
the  duke,  who  fortunately  happened  to 
be  on  the  spot,  and  who  showed  the 
fugitive  monarch  every  mark  of  respect 
and  hospitality — circumstances  which 
Edward  gratefully  remembered ;  and 
on  occasion  of  the  Lord  of  Gruthuyse 
coming  to  England  in  1472,  on  an  em- 
bassy from  his  sovereign  the  duke, 
Edward  received  him  with  marked  dis- 
tinction, created  him  Earl  of  Winches- 
ter, with  succession  to  his  heirs  male, 
and  assigned  to  him  200/.  sterling  of 
annual  pension,  payable  out  of  the 
customs  received  at  the  port  of  South- 
ampton.    Louis  de  Bruges  died  in 
November  1492,  at  Bruges,  being  up- 
wards of  70  years  of  age :  and  was 
buried  in  the  church  of  Notre  Dame. 
His  character  is  interesting  from  his 
attachment  to  literature  :  he  patronized 
Colard  Mansion,  the  first  printer  at 
Bruges,    and  collected  a  library  at 
Bruges  little  inferiorto  that  of  the  Duke 
of  Burgundy.  This  library  is  now  pre- 
served in  the  Royal  Library  at  Paris. 
M.  Van  Praet  has  become  his  biogra- 
pher in  his  Recherches  sur  Louis  de 
Bruges,  Seigneur  de  la  Gruthuyse, 
Paris  1831,  to  which  he  has  appended 
a  Catalogue  Raisonnee  of  his  library. 
The  works  of  Christine  de  Pisan,  No. 
4431  of  the  Harleian  MSS.  belonged 
to  the  Seigneur  de  la  Gruthuyse.  This 
volume  appears  to  have  been  originally 
written  and  illuminated  about  1410  or 
20,  for  Isabella  of  Bavaria,  queen  of 
Charles  VI.  of  France.    It  afterwards 
came  into  the  hands  of  Jaquette  of 
Luxemburgh,  second  wife  of  the  Re- 
gent Duke  of  Bedford,  whose  auto- 
graph it  bears.    She  married  for  her 
second  husband  Sir  Richard  Wydville, 
knight,  who  became  afterwards  father- 
in-law  to  Edward  IV.    The  king  mar- 
rying Wydville's  eldest  daughter  Eli- 
zabeth, widow  of  Sir  John  Grey  of 
Groby,  created  him  Earl  Rivers  in 
1466;  and  to  his  eldest  son  by  Jaquette 
above  mentioned,  this  volume  descend- 
ed, who  added  his  own  autograph  near 
his  mother's,  together  with  his  motto, 


on  the  first  leaf  of  the  book.  From 
this  copy  it  is  probable  the  second  Eaxl 
Rivers  translated  into  English  the  Pro- 
verbes  Morales  of  Christine  de  Pisan, 
printed  by  Caxton,  at  the  earl's  com- 
mand, in  1478.  The  next  autograph 
and  motto  which  the  volume  contains, 
are  those  of  Louis  de  Bruges,  Seigneur 
de  Gruthuys.  Fac-similes  of  these  in- 
teresting signatures  are  given  by  Sir 
Frederick  Madden,  whose  paper  is  cer- 
tainly an  interesting  addition  to  the 
minutia:  of  English  history. 

An  Account  of  the  Discoveries  made 
in  excavating  the  Foundations  of  JTy- 
mondham  Abbey,  [Norfolk,]  with  a  Plan 
and  Description  of  that  religious  Esta- 
blishment.  By  Mr.  Samuel  Woodward. 

Wyraondham  was  a  cell  to  St.  Al- 
ban's,  founded  about  the  year  1107. 
One  church  originally  served  both  the 
priory  and  the  parish.  In  1260,  in 
consequence  of  a  dispute  between  the 
prior  and  the  abbot  of  St.  Alban's, 
about  spiritual  jurisdiction,  the  church 
was  divided  into  two;  the  monks  took 
the  east  end,  to  the  parishioners  the 
nave  was  allotted.  Curious  traces  of 
this  division  are  extant  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  church :  two  bell  towers 
were  to  be  provided  for  the  different 
services  of  the  secular  and  regular 
church ;  one  was  therefore  built  in  the 
very  centre  of  the  old  church  between 
the  pillars  of  the  easternmost  end  of 
the  nave. 

In  the  middle  of  the  choir  of  the 
monks'  church,  and  near  the  foot  of 
the  high  altar,  two  leaden  cases  were 
lately  found,  one  6  feet  2  inches  long, 
the  other  only  16  inches  and  a  quarter. 
The  first  of  these,  when  opened  with 
much  care  and  in  the  presence  of  nu- 
merous spectators,  was  found  to  con- 
tain the  body  of  a  female,  "  cered  and 
chested,"  as  the  term  was,  with  much 
care  ;  her  long  auburn  hair  had  been 
detached  prior  to  interment,  and  lay 
folded  by  the  side  of  her.  From  cer- 
tain indicia  it  was  inferred  that  she 
had  died  in  the  early  stage  of  preg- 
nancy, and  the  mode  of  interment  be- 
spoke an  individual  of  rank.  The  se- 
cond chest,  on  being  opened,  was  found 
to  contain  within  strongly  bound  en- 
velopes of  linen,  embalmed  in  cummin 
seed,  coriander,  and  odoriferous  woods, 
a  foetus  of  the  fourth  month.  The 
writer  conjectures,  that  the  female  thus 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1 835.]                  Rbyibw.— The  Doctor,  Vol  III.                    5 1 7 

discovered,  must  have  been  nearly  Doctor" — but  of  the  nine  persons 
allied  to  or  descended  from  the  founder,  mentioned,  four  are  dead.   Some  have 
William  de  Albini,  who  died  in  the  been  dead  for  years.    Now  the  au- 
year  1156.    However  that  might  be,  thor  mentions  in  one  place  that  the 
we  consider  the  statement  that  these  quotations  in  this  work  have  been 
coffins  were  deposited  in  a  brick  grave,  long-noted  down  by  him  during  his 
almost  conclusive  to  show  that  they  years  of  study  :  and  indeed  that  is 
were  of  no  earlier  a  period  than  the  obvious.    This  work  very  likely  has 
15th  century;   without   indeed   the  been  ten  or  twenty  years  in  the  womb ; 
bricks  forming  the  sepulchral  vault  and  at  length,  as  leisure  or  inclina- 
were  of  the  kind  usually  styled  Roman,  tion  led,  worked  up,  with  much  of  its 
so  often  employed   in  ecclesiastical  old  materials  left.    There  is  however 
buildings  of  the  earliest  ages,  which  one  passage  in  this  page  which  is  very 
chanced  to  be  erected  near  Roman  sites.  Southeyan.    'And  Professor  Porson, 
In  the  church  chest  of  Wymondham  is  if  he  were  not  gone  where  his  Greek 
preserved  the  licence  of  Thomas  Arun-  is  of  no  use  to  him,  would  accept 
del,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  permit-  credit  for  it  (i.  e.  the  Doctor),  though 
ting  the  parishioners  to  erect  a  bell  he  would  not  claim  it'    Now  this  sen- 
tower  for  their  own  use,  dated  Horn-  tence  has  a  meaning.    There  is  more 
castle,  17th  June,  1411.    This  instru-  levity  and  flippancy  about  it,  than  is  be- 
ment  is  appended  to  Mr.  Woodward's  coming,  because  Mr.  Poison's  Greek 
paper  at  length.    It  is  remarkable  for  might  be  of  as  much  use  in  the  other 
the  beautiful  seal  of  the  archbishop,  world  as  Mr.  Southey's  Spanish  or  his 
attached,  on  which  is  engraved,  in  the  Poetry  ;  but  Mr.  Southey  had  of  old 
most  exquisite  style,  the  murder  of  thrown  out  a  contemptuous  sneer 
Becket  by  the  four  Norman  knights:  about  studying  old  scholiasts:  —  the 
the  shield  of  one,  probably  lingo  Mor-  story  however  lies  in  the  tail  of  the 
▼ille,  bears  three  luces  nayant — Tracy,  sentence.    Mr.  Southey's  ballad,  the 
two   bendlets  :   the  costume  of  the  Devil's  Walk,  had  of  late  years  igno- 
knights  is  that  of  course  of  the  period  rantly  been  circulated,  printed,  and 
in  which  the  seal  was  executed  :  it  is  ,  even  reviewed  in  gazettes,  journals, 
most  carefully  and  admirably  detailed,  and  newspapers,  as  Mr.  Porson's  com- 
Wchave  no  hesitation  in  saying,  that  position,  though  totally  unlike  his  line 
the  part  of  the  Society's  Transactions  of  writing.    Porson  never  formally 
which  we  have  now  had  the  opportu-  disclaimed  it ;  indeed,  it  is  since  his 
nity  to  notice,  con  tains  matter  of  consi-  death  that  his  name  has  been  more 
derable  interest  and  importance  to  his-  frequently  given  to  it.    Hinc  illse  la- 
torical  record  and  antiquarian  research,  chrymaj.  The  contempt  of  Jeffrey,  that 

  follows,  is  the  Laureate's  both  in 

thought  and  expression  ;  and  so  is  the 
The  Doctor.    Vol.  111.  sentence  on  Hazlitt.    "Mr.  Hazlitt? 
WE  are  astonished  at  the  contro-  It  contains  no  panegyric  on  Buona- 
versial  opinions  to  which  this  clever,  parte,  no  imitations  of  Charles  Lamb, 
odd,  amusing,  quaint,  learned,  sen-  no  plagiarisms  from  Mr.  Colcridge'B 
sible,  and  well-written  volume,  with  Conversation,  no  abuse  of  that  gentle- 
its  predecessors,  has  given  rise.  'Aut  man,  Mr.  Southey  and  Mr.  Words- 
SOVTHEIUS,  aut  Diabolos!'   The  worth,  and  no  repetitions  of  himself. 
Laureate  himself  should  not  undeceive  Certainly  therefore  it  is  not  Mr.  Haz- 
us.    As  we  know  Hercules  by  his  foot,  litt's."    Everybody  knows  that  poor 
Minerva  by  her  owl,  so  do  we  dis-  Hazlitt  has  been  long  dead :  argal, — 
cover  Mr.  Southey  by  his  style.    We  Th'i3  passage  has  been  written  afore- 
will  wager  his  butt  of  sack  against  time :  argal, — It  is  not  likely  to  be 
our  copv  of  the  Byzantine  Scriptores  :  Mr.  Hartley  Coleridge's,   to  whom 
and  we  "will  empty  the  one,  before  he,  those  reviewers  were  willing  to  give 
whose  digestive  powers  make  nothing  it.    Now  for  another  home  thrust, 
of  a  thirty  volume  series,  has  finished  '  Comes  it  from  the  Admiralty?  There 
the  other.    Now  to  our  proofs.  indeed  wit  enough  might  be  found, 
Open  p.  4,  where  is  a  hypothesis  and  acuteness  enough,  and  enough  of 
of  the  opinions  which  literary  men  sagacity,  and  enough  of  knowledge, 
would  form  as  to  this  book  "the  both  of  books  and  men.'   This  eulogy 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


M8 


Rbvikw.— TAe  Doctor,  Vol.  III. 


on  Mr.  Croker,  is  no  more  than  he  is 
justly  entitled  to;  but  as  he  conde- 
scends chiefly  to  appear  before  the 
public  as  a  reviewer  or  annotator, 
there  is  no  reason,  no  urgent  reason, 
for  introducing  his  name,  especially  as 
much  of  the  reading  teem*  quit*  out  of 
his  way ;  nor  did  we  know  much  of  his 
Spanish  literature;  but  he  is  a  friend  of 
the  Laureate,  one  of  whose  most  popular 
works  is  inscribed  to  him.  The  opi- 
nions of  the  writer  on  Sir  C.  and  Lady 
Morgan,  Rogers,  and  Frere,  are  all  in 
unison  with  Mr.  Southey's.  Oh ! 
blind  and  foolish  age!  that  has  so  little 
industry,  so  little  learning,  and  so 
little  acutenesa,  as  not  to  delect  one  of 
thine  own  !  Oh  !  too-confident  Doc- 
tor, who  vainly  thinkest  "  thou  art 
walking  invisible  among  mankind ! " 

At  p.  27,  '  the  competent  authority 
of  Major  Edward  Moor'  is  mentioned. 
Mr.  Southey  has  referred  to  this  gen- 
tleman's works  (his  Hindu  Pantheon) 
of  old  ;  and  we  believe  he  is  acquaint- 
ed with  him.    Another  palpable  hit. 

P.  35.  •  Sir  Walter  Scott,  than 
whom  no  man  ever  took  more  accurate 
measure  of  the  public  taste,  knew  this 
well.'  We  once  saw  a  letter  of  Mr. 
Southey's,  in  which  a  similar  remark 
on  Sir  Walter  Scott's  poetry  is  made.  * 

P.  37.  '  But  to  the  harmless  re/ic- 
mnngers  we  owe  much.  "  T.  Hearne 
and  John  Nichols,  the  I.  Reeds  and  the 
Malones.thellaalewoods  and  Sir  Eger- 
tons."  Then  follows  a  passage,  which 
we  assert  to  have  been  subsequently 
added  ;  indeed  we  can  swear  to  it : 
one  meant  to  smooth  Sir  Egcrton's 
quills,  that  would  have  arisen  most 
fearfully  on  reading  this  passage  :  be- 
sides, Mr.  Southey  knew  little  per- 
sonally of  Sir  Egerton  while  the  for- 
mer paragraph  was  written — now  he 
corresponds  with  him,  and  respects 
him.  The  passage  obviously  insert- 
ed, is  the  following  :  '  Let  no  one 
suppose  that  Sir  Egerton  is  dispa- 
raged by  being  thus  classed  among 
the  pioneers  of  literature.  It  is  no 
disparagement  for  any  man  of  letters, 
however  great  his  endowments,  and 
however  extensive  his  erudition,  to 
take  a  part  in  those  patient  and  humble 
labours  by  which  honour  is  rendered 
to  his  predecessors,  and  information  is 
preserved  for  those  who  come  after 
him.'  This  is  very  true,  but  it  is  a 
sentiment  out  of  all  keeping  with  the 


rest,  and  is  a  strange  appendage  to  the 
term  harmless  relic-monger  !  Now  we 
venture  to  say  that  this  passage  alone 
proves  Mr.  Southey  to  be  the  author. 

There  is  no  other  writer  whom  we 
know  (that  could  have  written  the 
Doctor)  who  would  have  cared  a 
farthing  about  Sir  Egerton  and  his 
feelings ;  no  one  who  would  have  taken 
the  trouble  to  conciliate  him.  Read 
Sir  Egerton 's  Autobiography,  and  it 
will  be  clear  that  Mr.  Sou  the  v  could 
not  help  '  salving  the  sore'  he  had 
previously  made.  This  sentence  was 
written  by  one  who  read  such  books 
as  the  Censura  Literaria,  British  Bib- 
liographer, abounding  in  old  poetical 
extracts,  notices,  &c.  That  is  in  Mr. 
Southey's  line,  who  indeed  has  ju*t 
quoted  from  one.  Secondly,  it  is 
written  by  one  who,  as  exhibited  rn 
this  work,  understands  and  reads 
many  languages,  particularly  Spanish 
and  Greek,  but  not  critically;  that  is 
also  Mr.  Southey.  3dly.  The  Doc- 
tor is  a  work  of  that  quaint,  eccentric 
drollery,  hit  and  miss  firing,  which 
Mr.  Southey  always  showed  since  he 
has  been  an  author,  in  his  early  poems, 
&c.  The  serious  parts  too,  are  in  ac- 
cordance with  his  known  feelings  and 
opinions.  4thly.  Whoever  this  person 
is,  he  was  anxious  to  show  his  respect 
to  Sir  Egerton  Brydges.  Now  we  ask 
in  whom  could  all  these  postulates  be 
found,  but  in  Mr.  Southey. 

Read  p.  69,  on  Mr.  Newton,  and 
then  take  up  Mr.  Southey's  poem  of 
'  Roderick,'  and  lay  thine  hand  to 
thine  heart,  and  say,  is  it  not  one  and 
the  same  writer.  *  A  soul  thus  chas- 
tened, thus  purified,  thus  ripened  for 
immortality,  may  unconsciously  work 
out  the  deliverance  which  it  ardently 
but  piously  withal  desires.' 

Mr.  Southey  is  a  friend  of  W.  S. 
Laodor's,  as  every  oue  knows ;  and 
his  high  opinion  of  Mr.  Laodor's  ta- 
lents and  acquirements  has  been  often 
before  the  world.  Now  at  p.  136  we 
meet  the  following  passage  :  '  Landor 
would  prove  himself  as  recondite  a 
Latinist  as  Scaliger,  and  a  better 
poet ;  but  his  hendecasyllables  would 
not  be  so  easily  construed.'  Again, 
Mr.  Southey  has  testified  his  respect 
for  Mr.  Bernard  Barton's  virtues  and 
poetical  talents.  He  also  is  mentioned 
at  p.  1 39.  *  But  how  would  Bernard 
Bai  tou  treat  it  ?    Perhaps  friend  Bar- 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1835.] 


Review.-— The  Doctor,  Vol.  III. 


519 


too  will  let  us  see  io  one  of  the  next 
year's  Annuals.'  We  all  know  that 
Mr.  Southey  praised  Mary  Colling,  the 
Devonshire  poetess.  Mrs.  Bray  may 
compare  what  she  has,  with  the  fol- 
lowing. Now  p.  lgi.  '  Out  of  cog, 
1  should  like  to  be  introduced  to  Mrs. 
Bray,  in  her  own  lovely  land  of  Devon, 
and  see  the  sweet  innocent  face  of  her 
humble  friend  Mary  Colling.' 

Mr.  Southey 's  opinions  on  political 
subjects  have  been  too  long  before  the 
world  to  be  at  all  a  matter  of  doubt ; 
how  far  they  agree  with  those  given 
in  the  following  pages,  we  shall  leave 
our  readers  to  determine.  *  He  troubled 
himself  with  no  dissertations  on  reli- 
gion, and  was  troubled  with  no  doubts, 
but  believed  what  he  was  taught  to 
believe,  because  he  had  been  taught  to 
believe  it ;  and  owing  to  the  same  fa- 
cility of  inind,  under  any  change  of 
dynasty,  or  revolution  of  government 
that  could  have  befallen,  he  would 
have  obeyed  the  ruling  power.  Such 
would  always  be  the  politics  of  the 
many  if  they  were  let  alone,  and  such 
would  always  be  their  religion.  As 
regards  the  civil  point,  this  is  the  best 
condition  in  which  a  people  can  be, 
both  for  themselves  and   for  their 
rulers ;  and  if  the  laws  be  good  and 
well  administered,  the  form  of  govern- 
ment is  good,  so  far  as  it  is  causative 
of  these  effects ;  and  so  far  as  it  is  not 
causative,  it  is  a  trifle  for  which  none 
but  fools  would  contest.    The  proper 
end  of  all  government  being  the  gene- 
ral good,  provided  that  good  be  ob- 
tained, it  is  infinitesimally  insignificant 
by  what  means.  That  it  can  be  equally 
attained  under  any  form,  is  not  as- 
serted here.    The  argument  from  the 
analogy  of  nature,  which  might  seem 
to  favour  such  an  assertion,  cannot  be 
maintained.    The  bees  have  their  mo- 
narchy, and  the  ants  their  republic  : 
but  when  we  are  told  to  go  to  the  ant 
and  the  bee,  and  consider  their  ways, 
it  is  not  that  we  should  borrow  from 
them  formic  laws,  or  apiarian  policy. 
Under  the  worst  scheme  of  govern- 
ment, the  desired  end  would  be  in  a 
great  degree  attainable,  if  the  people 
*ere  trained  up  as  they  ought  to  be, 
>n  the  knowledge  of  their  Christian 
duties ;  and  unless  they  are  so  train- 
ed,  it  must  ever  be  very  imperfectly 
attained  under  the  best.  •  »  •  Good 
subjects  promote  the  public  good  at 


all  times,  and  it  is  only  in  evil  times 
that  patriots  are  wanted.  Such  times 
as  are  usually  brought  on  by  rash,  or 
profligate,  or  wicked  men,  who  assume 
the  name.' — Now  this  we  conceive  to 
be  both  Mr.  Southey 's  sentiments  and 
his  style ;  as  if  they  came  from  the 
very  mould  at  Keswick.  We  shall 
close,  if  any  one  still  cries  out  '  incre- 
dulus  audi,'  with  one  more  quotation, 
in  which  the  spirit  of  the  author  of 
Espriela's  Letters,  and  the  articles  on 
the  Quarterly,  is  revived — '  Trade  it- 
self had  not  then  been  corrupted  by 
that  ruinous  spirit  of  competition 
which  more  than  any  other  of  the 
evils  now  pressing  on  us,  deserves  to 
be  called  the  curse  of  England  in  the 
present  age.  At  all  times,  men  have 
been  to  be  found,  who,  engaged  in 
hazardous  speculations,  gamester  like, 
according  to  their  opportunities,  or 
who  mistaking  the  means  for  the  end, 
devoted  themselves  with  miserable  fide- 
lity to  the  service  of  Mammon.  But 
'  live  and  let  live,'  had  not  yet  become 
a  maxim  of  obsolete  morality.  WTe  had 
our  monarchy,  our  hierarchy,  and  our 
aristocracy  : — God  be  praised  for  the 
benefits  which  have  been  derived  from 
all  three ;  and  God  in  his  mercy  con- 
tinue them  to  us!  But  we  had  no 
plutarchy,  no  millionaires,  no  great 
capitalists,  to  break  down  the  honest 
and  industrious  trader  with  the  weight 
of  their  overbearing  and  overwhelm- 
ing wealth.  They  who  had  enriched 
themselves  in  the  course  of  regular 
aud  honourable  commerce,  withdrew 
from  business,  and  left  the  field  to 
others.  Feudal  tyranny  had  passed 
away,  and  moneyed  tyranny  had  not 
yet  arisen  in  its  stead — a  tyranny  baser 
in  its  origin,  not  more  merciful  in  its 
operations,  and  with  less  in  its  ap- 
pendages to  redeem  it.  Trade  io  the 
old  days  was  a  school  of  thrift  and 
probity,  as  much  as  of  profit  and  loss," 
&c. 

We  have  been  trying  to  decypher 
some  of  the  hieroglyphics  in  the  last 
pages  ;  we  found  them  too  easy  to 
give  any  pleasure  in  continuing  them. 

Roso. — Robert  Southey. 

Harco. — Hartley  Coleridge. 

Samro. — Samuel  Rogers. 

Theho. — Theodore  Hook. 

Heneco. — H.  Nelson  Coleridge. 

Thojama. — Thomas  James  Mackin- 
tosh ?  (doubtful.) 


Digitized 


520  Rkvikw. — Proc 

* 

Walaroso.— Walter  Landor.  Rob. 

Southey. 

Venarchlv.  Venerable  Archdeacon 
Lyell. 

Satacoroso. — Samuel  Taylor  Cole- 
ridge.   Rob.  Southey. 

Samrothomo. — Sam.  Rogers.  Tho- 
mas Moore. 

Verevfrawra. — Very  Rev.  Francis 
Wrangham. 

Thcnojowicro. — Theod.  Hook.  John 
Wilson  Croker. 

Isdishendis.  Is.  Disraeli.  Benja- 
min Disraeli. 

And  now  we  have  lifted  up  the  mys- 
tic veil :  we  have  pierced  the  cloud  in 
which  the  Wizard  of  Keswick  sate 
weaving  his  spells ;  we  have  found  a 
father  for  the  stray  child — ice  have 
physicked  the  Doctor  ! 

We  will  now  give  the  Doctor  a  co- 
nundrum for  his  elucidation,  as  he  has 
favoured  us  with  some  for  ours  : 

Picnic  —  Pimini  —  Wipijorai  —  Jo- 
boni— Jogoni — Wipijogonijomijoboni. 


Life  of  Edmund  Kean.   2  vols. 

WE  are  afraid  that  the  palmy  days 
of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  Thespis 
are  passed  ;  and  that  the  biography  of 
the  best  of  them  would  excite  little 
interest.  We  are  entitled  to  make  this 
assertion  ;  for  what  could  be  supposed 
to  offer  a  richer  treat  to  the  drama- 
loving  public  than  the  lives  of  the  first 
actor  since  the  days  of  Garrick,  and 
the  first  actress,  beyond  all  compe- 
tition, who  ever  trod  the  boards,  com- 
posed by  two  eminent  poets  of  the 
age  ;  and  yet  Mr.  Campbell's  Life  of 
Mrs.  Siddons,  and  Mr.  Proctor's  Bi- 
ography of  Kean,  are  either  treated 
with  ridicule  or  neglect.  '  The  players 
and  I  arc  luckily  no  friends,'  is  the 
motto  of  the  public.  Mr.  Campbell, 
however,  we  believe,  repeats  to  his 
friends, — '  Populus  me  sibilat,  at  rathi 
plaudo  ipse  domi,  siraul  ac  numraos 
contemplor  in  area.'  That  is,  Mr. 
Campbell  rejoices  when  he  touches 
his  publisher's  four  hundred  pounds ; 
and  we  trust  Mr.  Proctor  has  been 
placed  on  a  level  with  his  brother 
bard.  Mr.  Proctor  has  endeavoured 
to  account  for  the  growing  neglect  of 
the  stage,  and  has  mentioned  many 
causes  which  probably  all  unite  in 
producing  it.  We  think,  however, 
that  late  hours  alone  will  not  be  suf- 


or's  Life  of  Kean,  [Nov. 

ficient ;  because  at  Paris  the  dinner- 
hour  is  nearly  as  late  as  in  London  ; 
but  if  united  to  our  habits  of  dinner- 
society,  it  will.    In  France,  the  dia- 
ncr  and  wine  are  dispatched  in  a  rea- 
sonable time  ;   yet  allowing  ample 
space  for  wits  to  talk,  misses  to  flirt, 
and  honest  men  to  eat  their  fill.  It 
is  very  usual  after  that,  for  the  vi- 
sitors to  relieve  the  hospitable  host, 
by  adjourning  to  the  theatre,  and  re- 
turning afterwards  to  conversation  or 
a  petit  souper,  as  may  be.    Now  this  is 
natural ;  but  reason  and  taste  arc  two 
different  things.    Accordingly,  John 
Bull,  when  he  goes  out  to  grace  at 
seven  on  some  goodly  pasture,  cannot 
be  persuaded  to  leave  it  till  he  can  go 
home  with  a  headache,  from  four  or 
five  hours'  infusion  of  strong  politics 
with  stronger  port,  leaving  the  players 
to  their  own  amusements.    Thi3  is 
ungracious ;  and  as  it  is  not  the  etiquette 
for  Mrs.  Bull  or  the  Miss  Heifers  and 
Master  Calves  to  go  to  the  theatre 
without  Mr.  Bull,  and  as  she  is  ex- 
pected to  stay  at  home  to  pour  out  his 
tea,  and  mix  his  brandy  and  water, 
why  the  '  beggarly  account  of  empty 
boxes'  is  elucidated  without  difficulty. 
Something  must  be  said,  too,  of  the 
altered  habits  of  the  times.    We  re- 
member seeing   bishops   at   plays : 
bowing  deans,  and  well-fed  preben- 
daries, in  white  gloves,  with  critical 
opera-glasses,  were  a  common  sight. 
The  clergy  saw  no  impropriety  in 
listening  to  Macbeth,  and  endeavour- 
ing to  preach  big  like  Kemble  in  Corio- 
lanus.    All  this  is  altered  :  not  only 
the  pastors,  but  the  serious  part  of 
their  flock  avoid  the  opprobrium  of  a 
theatre— as  Satan's  head-quarters,  his 
sanctum  sanctorum,  his  favorite  sa- 
loon.   Then,  new  comforts  are  accu- 
mulated at  home — books,  magazines 
(the  Gentleman's  for  instance),  piano- 
fortes for  the  girls,  flutes  for  the  boys, 
little  family  concerts,  dances — what 
not  ?    All  this  is  sadly  against  the 
players :   such  as  would   take  the 
laughter  from  Mundcn's  eye,  extend 
that  breadth  of  continent  that  stretches 
between  the  bluff  point  of  Liston's 
nose  (Liston-Witt)  and  his  upper  lip, 
and  make  Harley  grin  like  M'Clise's 
yeil'd  Prophet.  *  However,  it  is  our 
intention  to  stick  to  them  to  the  last. 
We  believe  with  Hamlet,  that  it  is  for 
our  advantage  :  we  look  on  them  as 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1 835.] 


Review.— Proctor's  Life  of  Kean. 


521 


goodly  gentlemen  and  well-favoured, 
ntlemen  who  are  pleased  to  take 
ite  trouble  for  our  delectation. 
As  for  the  ladies,  we  cannot  spare  one 
of  them  :  we  form  our  domestic  models 
after  them  :  our  cook  is  dressed  after 
Mrs.  Orger ;  Betty,  our  house- maid, 
after  Mrs.  Humby  ;  Mrs.  Honey  in 
her  brown  riding-habit,  is  the  very 
model  which  we  take  for  Athelinda 
our  eldest  daughter,  now  coming  out. 
Mrs.  Yates's  natural  affectation,  or 
affected  naturalism,  is  dear  to  our 
heart :  we  once  wrote  a  poem  to  her, 
called  '  Victorine,*  but  she  overlooked 
it  —  Victorine  probably  miscarried. 
We  will  let  no  one  scold  us  but  good 
Mistress  Tayleure.  Mrs.  Glover,  we 
hope  to  see  sneering,  snarling,  sulk- 
ing and  sniffling,  for  many  winters 
to  come.  Ah!  Madame!  we  have  not 
forgotten  you ! — no,  no!  from  Lady 
Teazle  to  Janette,  you  are  all  perfect. 
We  won't  notice  Mrs.  Keeley — we 
know  the  size  of  Keeley 's  '  Sir,  here's 
my  card! '  we  recollect  his  awful  look 
with  fear.  Ladies,  good  evening,  and 
a  successful  season. 

With  regard  to  Mr.  Proctor's  Life 
of  Kean,  we  arc  not  at  all  inclined  to 
review  it  (if  it  admitted  it)  with  se- 
verity. He  has  evidently  thrown  it  off 
with  a  light  and  careless  hand,  tap- 
ping his  snuff-box  like  Gibbon,  or  get- 
ting up  to  light  a  pastile,  or  answer- 
ing a  note  from  Rogers,  or  arranging 
a  nosegay  from  Lady  Holland,  or 
discoursing  with  Mr.  Dyce  on  the 
Unities,  or  solving  a  question  of  law 
from  a  young  barrister  on  'vicious 
intromission;' — as  if  the  artist  was 
above  his  work.  There  is  too  much 
flippancy  in  some  parts,  as  in  the 
preface,  and  a  little  queerness  in 
others :  but  how  the  biography,  if  it 
were  to  be  written  at  all,  was  to  be 
written  with  gravity,  we  cannot  ima- 
gine.' What  would  be  thought  of  this 
scene  narrated  by  that  eminent  and 
succinct  biographer  Dr. Edward  Nares, 
or  Dr.  M'Crie  : — "  A  thundering  rap 
is  heard  at  the  door  :  the  footman,  with 
an  approximation  to  a  grin  on  his  face, 
enters  and  announces,  'Master  Carey, 
Ma'am.'  'Master  Carey?'  was  the 
inquiry.  *  Yes,  Ma'am,  he  comes  from 
his  mother  Miss  Carey,  who  brings 
the  perfumery  here  to  sell.  He 
lavs  he  is  Master  Carey.'  'Show 
him  up,  by  all  means,"  &c.  Or  the 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


following  :  "  We  are  sorry  to  say  that 
Sambo  that  night  acquitted  himself 
very  indifferently  ;  he  did  not  know  a 
syllable  of  his  part ;  he  plunged  and 
floundered  amongst  the  sentences, 
casting  up  such  a  foam  of  words  as 
bewildered  everybody.  He  was  never 
right,  even  by  accident :  he  not  only 
spoiled  the  part  of  Sambo,  but  that  of 
Mrs.  Mortimer  also.  So  effectively 
bad  was  he,  that  Miss  Chambers's 
discontent  made  itself  manifest  in  re- 
proaches. '  It  is  very  shameful,  sir,' 
said  she,  '  that  you  should  come  upon 
the  stage  and  not  know  one  word  of 
your  part ;  you  have  spoiled  my  play.* 
The  incorrigible  Sambo  turned  on  his 
heel  without  replying;  but  went  up  to 
the  manager  and  asked,  with  an  em- 
phasis, '  Who  the  Devil  is  that  ? '  " 
Now  '  not  to  laugh,  exceeds  all  power 
of  face  ;'  and  so  we  think  Mr.  Proctor 
right  in  not  aiming  at  the  elaborate 
biography  of  a  Harlequin ;  for  Harle- 
quin after  all  was  in  all  Kean's  charac- 
ters :  draw  off  the  fine  tragic  current 
from  Richard,  Shylock,  or  Othello, 
till  it  has  done  running  clear,  and  the 
residuum  will  be,  Harlequin.  In 
private  life,  Harlequin :  Harlequin, 
when  he  swam  the  Thames  to  get  to 
Braintree  theatre :  Harlequin,  when 
he  brought  back  Cooke's  black  little 
toe,  and  made  the  actors  kiss  it :  Har- 
lequin, up  to  the  moment  before  his 
death,  when  he  jumped  out  of  bed, 
drank  brandy,  covered  himself  with  a 
racoon  skin,  and  squatted  down  in  the 
corner  of  the  room,  and  was  found 
attempting  to  smoke  a  cigar. — Voila 
la  role  finie  !  Harlequin  jumps  down 
a  trap-door,  and  disappears  !  We 
think  Kean's  biography  more  adapted 
to  the  pencil  than  tne  pen ;  it  would 
read  exceedingly  well  if  executed  by 
H.  B.  in  22  plates  ;  and  would  save 
the  trouble  of  reading  Mr.  Proctor's 
volumes. 

Plate  l.  Kean,  at  two  years  of  age, 
with  his  legs  in  irons,  acts  Cupid,  in 
the  opera  of  Cymon. 

Plate  2.  Kean  acts  a  little  devil  in 
Macbeth,  kicks  down  a  whole  row  of 
the  other  little  devils ;  John  Kemble 
much  displeased,  stalks  away. 

Plate  3.  Kean,  at  nine  years  old, 
with  a  frilled  handkerchief  and  cocked 
riding-hat  with  feathers,  acts  Richard 
the  Third  to  the  admiration  of  sundry 
old  ladies. 

3X 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


522                  Rktisw.— Proctor's  Life  of  Kean.  [Mor. 

Plate  4.  Kean  with  a  rope  round  part  of  Charles  I.  *  Go  it.  Hughes  ! — • 

his  waist,  and  a  brass  collar  round  his  Well  done,  ray  boy  ! ! — Bravo  !  '  and 

neck,  with  the  words,  '  Theatre  Royal,  roaring  with  laughter  at  the  agonies 

Drury-Lane,'  dragged  from  a  public-  of  Charles,  till  he  was  turned  out. 

house,  Vauxhall,  by  the  beadle.  Plate  14.  Kean,  by  the  help  of  a 

Plate  5.  Kean  doubtful  who  was  his  Dictionary,  masters  the   Latin  lan- 

father  and  mother ;  whether  the  Duke  guage,  and  writes  thus  to  Dr.  Drury  : 

of  Norfolk  and  Miss  Tidswell,  or  a  "  Ita  ad  hoc  aetatis  a  pueritia  fut,  at 

journeyman  plasterer  and  Miss  Carey,  omnes  labores  periculo  consueta  ha- 

This  never  settled  ;  supposed  that  he  beam  !  !  ' 

had  no  father— Terr*  filius — a  true  Plate  15.  Kean  seen  by  Davies 
Harlequin.  the  manager  at  Astley's,  with  marks 
Plate  6.  Kean  nearly  dead  drunk,  of  paint  on  his  face,  like  ruddle  on 
playing  Osmyn  to  Mrs.  Siddons's  the  jaw  of  a  sheep,  packing  up  the 
Zara  ;  uttering  nonsense,  drunken  painted  canvass,  when  Mr.  Saunders* 
phrases,  absurdities  of  all  sorts.  Mel-  turns  him  round  to  the  young  chap 
pomenc  looking  at  him  in  thunder.  wot  had  just  thrown  a  summer- 
Plate  7-  Kean,  issuing  from  an  ale-  set  behind  his  back,  '  I  say,  you 

house,  attacks  a  mail-coach,  seizes  the   Mister  King  Dick,  if  you  don't 

leaders,  and  after  a  magnificent  strug-  mind  wot  you're  arter,  and  pack  up 

gle,  is  lodged  in  a  watch-box  ;  at-  tbat'ere  wan  pretty  tight,  we  shan't 

tempts  to  (ling  his  landlady  out  of  be  off  before  to-morrow;  so  mind 

window ;  saved  by  her  weight.  your  eye,  my  lad  !' 

Plate  8.  Kean  acts  Rolla  at  Swan-  Plate  16.  Kean  flings  a  bowl  of  hot 

sea  ;  the  Virgin  of  the  Sun  played  by  punch  in  the  Stage- Manager's  face, 

Mrs.  Kean  within  a  week  of  her  con-  and  strips  to  fight :  the  Stage- Manager 

fineraent.  retreats,  Kean  splitting  his  sides  with 

Plate  9.  Kean,  after  acting  the  mon-  laughter.    N.  B.  Private  plate  for  Mr. 

key  Kankoo  in  Perouse,  swears  he  will  Raymond. 

remain  in  the  skin  all  night.  Mrs.  Plate  17-  Kean  brought  home  drunk 
Kean  remonstrates.  The  stench  of  the  by  six  Irish  watchmen  ;  sets  off  again; 
undressed  skin,  and  the  paint  and  re-captured ;  brought  to  the  watch- 
varnish  on  his  face  when  in  bed  with  house  ;  steals  the  key ;  defeats  his  six 
his  wife — unbearable.  This  Plate  9,  opponents  : — all  owing  to  the  spirit  of 
is  a  general  favorite.  whiskey. 

Plate  10.  Kean  acts  at  Dumfries,  Plate  18.  Kean  sets  off  for  London, 

to  one  person,  who  sat  in  the  middle  of  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning,  broad 

the  pit  and  paid  sixpence. — N.  B.  The  daylight ;  orders  candles  to  be  lighted. 

Managers  scorned  to  return  so  small  pistols  loaded,  ties  them  to  his  button - 

a  sum.  hole  muzzle  upwards,   mounts  the 

Page  11.  Mr.  Kean,  returning  to  hi3  dicky  with  his  servant. — Whiskey 

lodgings  at  Exeter  at  night,  instead  of  again. 

opening  the  glass-door  of  the  room,  Plate  19.  Goes  to  the  Theatrical 

jumps  Harlequin-fashion  right  through  Dinner  to  meet  the  Duke  of  York; 

it.    The  several  lodgers,  in  nightcaps,  found  himself  that  morning  with  a 

rush  in,  in  alarm.   Kean  sets  his  arms  pair  of  black  eyes  ;  has  them  painted 

a-kimbo,  and  begins  rolling  his  black  white  and  flesh-coloured  bv  Mr.  Har- 

head  round  and  round,  quicker  and  ley;  makes  a  speech:  the  Duke  of 

quicker,  quicker  still ;  then  making  a  York  cries  ;  Kean  cries;  all  the  actors 

sudden  spring,  cleared  them  all,  and  cry. 

disappeared  in  the  same  way.  Plate  20.  Kean  in  America;  takes 

Plate  12.   Kean  absent  for  three  the  name  of  *  Alantenouidet,  chief  of 

days;  boasted  he  had  be*en. doing  a  a  tribe  of  Huron  Indians' ;  rides  a  wild 

noble  action:  on  inquiry,  he  had  been  horse;  gets  drunk;  paints  his  face 

drinking  three  day  *  and  three  nights  and  arms;  wears  skins  of  beasts; 

with  a  poor  actor  —  to  keep  up  his  drinks  more  rum. 

spirits.  Plate  21.   At  three  in  the  morning, 

Plate  13.  Kean  in  the  slips  of  the  Kean  sends  for  a  hackney-coach,  puts 

Playhouse  at  Guernsey,  crying  out  to  into  it  his  portmanteau,  a  bottle  of 

tlie  Manager,  who  was  reading  the  brandy,  pistols,  two  lighted  candles, 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Review.— The  Modern  Dunciad. 


one  in  each  pocket ;  gets  hi ;  '  Where 
shall  we  drive  to  ? '— '  To  H— 1 ! '  was 
the  answer. — •  Very  well.  Sir;'  said 
the  servant,  '  Coachee,  go  on  ! ' 

Plate  22.  Called  upon  at  the  H ura- 
niums by  a  friend  ;  found  sitting  up 
in  bed,  a  buffalo-skin  wrapt  round 
him,  a  large  hairy  cap  stuck  full  of 
feathers  on  his  head,  a  scalping  knife 
iu  his  belt,  and  a  tomahawk  in  his 
hand  :  a  large  tumbler  of  negus  at  the 
bed  side. 

We  think  these  twenty-two  plates, 
•with  an  additional  one  for  his  final 
scene,  when  he  was  discovered  in  his 
racoon-skiu,  smoking  his  cigar,  like 
blue-nosed  Billy   of  Exeter- Change 
notoriety  :  —  we  say,  in  these  plates 
will  be  found  Kcan's  whole  life  illus- 
trated.   Mr.  Proctor's  book,  all  other 
books,  may  be  dismissed;  we  give 
\he  pith,  the  marrow  of  the  man — 
Veluti  in  speculo — here  he  is  !  Mr. 
IV! axon  may  suppress  his  book,  or 
rather  manufacture  it  into  a  life  of 
G.  Frederick  Cooke  — it  would  want 
little   alteration  ;   he  will  not  sell 
another  copy  as  soon  as  our  plates 
come  out. 

 Quo  fit  ut  omnia 

Votiva  pateat  veluti  descripta  tabella 
Vita  Kerne. 


The  Modern  Dunciad,  and  other  Poems. 
1835. 

DANIEL  has  fallen  into  the  lion's 
den,  but  without  the  good  fortune  of 
his  predecessor;  for  the  hungry  lions 
issuing  from  their  dark  forests  (their 
Black. woods),  have  broken  his  bones 
in  pieces,  ere  ever  he  came  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  den.  Now  we  have  no 
desire,  like  vultures,  to  whom  critics 
are  often  compared,  to  feed  on  the 
dead  ;  nor  do  we  wish  "  thrice  to 
■lay  the  slain;"  therefore  we  shall 
leave  Mr.  Daniel's  carcase  to  the  fowls 
of  the  air  and  the  beasts  of  the  field, 
Kvv«j<Tt9  ouopouti  Tf  itckti.  All  that 
will  be  left  of  him  will  be  those  por- 
tions of  his  frame  that  were  the  im- 
mediate instruments  of  his  fall — '  his 
skull  and  the  palms  of  his  hands :' 
— the  unworthy  ministers  of  his  de- 
sire to  rise  upon  the  ruin  of  his  su- 
periors. 

In  the  name  of  common  sense  and 
common  justice,  what  could  make  Mr. 
Dunciad  Daniel  fall  foul  of  poet  Bowles  ? 


— "  while  Bowles  exists  can  satire 
want  a  dunce  ?" — and  why  should  he 
talk  of  wading  through  the  various 
productions  of  Mr.  Bowles.  Oh  ! 
Daniel,  Daniel !  set  thy  face  toward 
the  east,  or  where  else  thou  likest ;  but 
turn  not,  for  thine  own  safety  turn 
not,  to  the  consecrated  groves  of  Brem- 
hill,  nor  plant  thy  opprobrious  and 
asinine  hoof  upon  that  sacred  ground. 

Seriously,  we  cannot  repress  our 
earnest  indignation  at  this  unknown 
scribbler  daring  to  pour  his  dirty  or- 
dure, and  the  stinking  offals  of  his 
half-digested  reading,  upon  the  poeti- 
cal reputation,  the  moral  character, 
the  genius,  the  taste,  the  amiable  and 
virtuous  mind  of  the  venerable  poet ! 
If  Daniel  sees  no  beauty,  no  elegance, 
no  refined  graces,  no  delicate  expres- 
sions, no  poetic  sensibility,  no  rich  and 
picturesque  painting  in  Mr.  Bowles's 
poetry,  why  let  Daniel  enjoy  himself  in 
his  own  sty — he  has  his  own  pottage  to 
amuse  him!  —  but  why  grunt  out  the 
confession  of  his  want' of  taste,  to  his 
swinish  brethren  ?    There  are  men  so 
formed  as  to  be  impassive  to  the  touch 
of  genius ; — deaf  adders,  who  listen  not 
to  the  voice  of  the  charmer,  charm  he 
never  so  wisely.    This  cannot  be  help, 
ed.   Non  ex  quovis  ligno.   Silk  purses 
would  not  easily  be  made  out  of  friend 
Daniel's  ears ;  but  when  he  calls  Mr. 
Bowles  '  profane,'  a  *  dunce'  (p.  14), 
*  obscene,'   '  spiteful,'   desirous   '  of 
base  lucr^,'  when  he  says  that  '  the 
obscenity  and  prof  oneness  of  Lord  Byron, 
and  his  having  poisoned  the  minds  of 
future  generations,  have  met  with  an 
advocate  in  the  Rev.  W.  Lisle  Bowles ;' 
or  that '  the  author  of  Don  Juan  finds 
an  appropriate  apologist  in  the  calum- 
niator of  Pope ;'  when  he  says 

What  now  remains  to  blast  my  fame, 
And  brand  with  infamy  my  name, 
But  Bowles  to  write  my  Life  ? — 

we  really  consider  him  as  placed  beyond 
the  pale  of  any  Christian  forbearance  ; 
and  we  feel  assured  that  Mr.  Bowles 
knows  well  enough  how  to  defend  his  in- 
jured reputation.  When  he  does  rouse 
himself,  the  cave  of  dulness,*  where 


•  *  Dare,  mirabiledictu,  speak  his  mind,' 

is  a  line  of  Mr.  Daniel's  I  and  this  is 
the  person  who  censures  Mr.  Bowles's 
poetry  I  Oh  !  age  of  Penny  Magazines 
and  Modern  Dunciads !  what  art  thou 

Digitized  by  Google 


524 


Review.— Trench's  Poems. 


[Xor. 


Daniel  resides,  *  the  imperial  seat  of 
fools/  will  tremble  at  his  approach.  We 
have  done  our  duty ;  let  the  publisher  do 
his,  and  thus  liberate  himself  from  the 
suspicion  of  participating  in  the  senti- 
ments of  the  author,  by  returning  the 
unsold  copies  to  the  Grub-street  from 
which  they  came, 

"  Sign'd  with  that  ichor  which  from  Gods 
distils." 


The  Story  of  Justin  Martyr,  and  other 
poems,  by  Richard  Chevenix  Trench, 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Curdridge 
Chapel,  Hants.  12mo. 

THIS  is  one  of  the  most  pleasing 
volumes  of  poetry  that  has  ever  issued 
from  Mr.Moxon's  '  boutique  literaire.' 
The  poems  are  written  in  very  good 
taste,  after  the  best  models ;  the  ver- 
sification generally  well  suited  to  the 
subject;  flowing,  elegant,  harmonious. 
The  diction  blameless.  A  few  of  the 
sonnets  are  not  formed  on  the  legiti- 
mate structure,  which  is  undoubtedly 
a  blemish,  and  should  be  amended. 
Such  a  poet  as  Mr.  Trench  must  not 
plead  the  difficulty  of  the  composition, 
for  he  has  given  us  some  very  superior 
specimens.  There  is  a  very  just  and 
good  tone  of  feeling  throughout ;  his 
sentiments  do  honour  to  him  as  a 
poet,  a  churchman,  and  a  citizen  :  and 
if  his  poetical  conceptions  are  not  of 
the  very  highest  order— if  there  are 
'not 

'  The  thoughts  that  breathe,  and  words 
that  burn,' 

yet  there  is  much  that,  in  what  we 
may  call  the  middle  style  of  poetry,  is 
beautifully  conceived,  and  tastefully 
and  skilfully  executed.  The  sonnet 
called  'Gibraltar/  has  the  defect  we 
mentioned  in  its  sixth  and  seventh 
lines  ;  but  it  is  written  with  spirit  and 
feeling  : 

coming  to  ?  We  are,  however,  seriously 
grieved  at  seeing  the  Aldine  Anchor 
buried  in  this  filth.  We  are  sure  the 
Dolphin  that  loves  pure  waters,  will  soon 
leave  it :  and  that  the  Carp  may  be  set 
up  instead,  a  fish,  as  Walton  saith,  that 
loveth  muddy  places.  Indeed  the  stock 
of  Carp  will  be  plentiful  if  many  books 
of  the  same  kind  appear,  and  when  the 
anchor  is  drawn  up,  if  it  is  covered  with 
such  slime. 


GIBRALTAR. 

"  England !  we  love  thee  better  than  we 
know  :  Don» 
And  this  I  learn'd  when,  after  wandring 
Mid  people  of  another  stock  and  tongue, 
I  heard  again  thy  martial  music  blow, 
And  saw  thy  gallant  children  to  and  fro 
Pace,  keeping  ward  at  one  of  these  huge 
gates,  [culean  Straits. 

Which,  like  twin-giants,  watch  the  Her- 
When  first  I  came  in  sight  of  that  brave 
show, 

It  made  my  very  heart  within  me  dance 
To  think  that  those  thy  proud  feet  should 
advance 

Forward  so  far  into  the  mighty  sea — 
Joy  was  it,  and  exultation  to  behold 
Thine  ancient  standards,  rich  emblazonry, 
A  glorious  picture,  by  the  wind  unroll'd. 

We  must  give  one  more : 


TO 


"  What  maiden  gathers  flowers,  who  does 
not  love  ?  .  [mer  bowers, 

And  some  have  said,  that  none  in  Sum- 
Save  lovers,  wreathe  them  garlands  of 

fresh  flowers  ? 
Oh  Lady  !  of  a  purpose  dost  thou  move  ] 
Through  garden  walks,  as  willing  to  dis- 
prove [hand 
This  gentle  faith  ;  who  with  uncareful 
Hast  cull'd  a  thousand  thus  at  my  com- 
mand, [wove. 
Wherewith  thou  hast  this  dewy  garland 
There  is  no  meaning  in  a  thousand 
flowers^  [part, 
One  lily  from  its  green  stalk  would'st  thou 
Qr  pluck,  and  to  my  bosom  I  will  fold 
One  rose  selected  from  these  wealthy 
bowers, 

Up-gathering  closely  to  its  virgin  heart 
An  undivulged  hoard  of  central  gold.'* 


ray  age  round  the  World.    By  James 
Holman,  R.N.    Vol.  II.  and  III. 

THE  peculiar  circumstance,  depri- 
vation of  sight,  under  which  Lieut. 
Holman  has  travelled  and  compiled 
his  work,  cannot  fail  to  elicit  the  com- 
passion and  kind  sympathy  of  a  Chris- 
tian public,  and  to  impart  an  artificial 
and  almost  unparalleied  degree  of  in- 
terest to  hi 8  literary  productions  : — 
even  our  own  impartial  nature  and 
habits  have  relaxed  much  of  their 
wonted  severity,  whilst  lamenting  that 
a  spirit  so  enterprizing  and  insatiate 
should  be  fettered  by  his  melancholy 
and  afflictive  visitation.  Our  author 
has  assumed  that  his  travels  being 
merely  a  relation  of  facts,  he  is  respon- 
sible only  for  his  treatment  of  them. 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1835.]        Review.— Holman's  Voyage  round  the  World.  $23 


We  however  would  advance  a  step 
further  and   inquire  whether  these 
facts,  which  he  has  adduced,  are  suf- 
ficiently momentous  and  interesting 
to  deserve  the  time  and  attention  of 
the  public  mind  ?   To  the  scholar  and 
the  advocate  of  science — to  the  bo- 
tanist and  zoologist — to  the  sons  of 
geography,  mineralogy,  and  geognosy, 
the  work  is  indeed  a  blank ;  all  is 
barren  from  Dan  to  Beersheba,  and 
the  glories  of  a  tropical  landscape,  or 
the  flora  and  fauna  of  an  equatorial 
clime,  are  sought  for  in  vain  amongst 
pages  penned  by  oue  who  is  (to  say 
the  least)    physically  incapacitated 
either  for  travel  or  science.    The  Lieu- 
tenant narrates,  in  the  second  volume 
of  his  work,  his  journey  to  Rio  Ja- 
neiro in  the  Brazils,  from  Gongo  Soco 
in  the  mining  district,  where  we  learn 
he  descended  into  the  gold  mine,  and 
felt  heartily  glad  to  regain  the  upper 
regions,  and  wash  himself  in  an  tm- 
merwe  hotel  of  warm  water;  but  his 
knowledge  and  observation  during  his 
seventeen  days' journey  is  entirely  con- 
fined to  the  mule  he  rode,  the  inequa- 
lities of  the  ground,  the  gross  food  he 
eat,  the  names  of  his  companions,  and 
the  hovels  where  he  reposed.  Even 
this  is  deteriorated  by  the  log-like 
method  he  has  adopted  in  the  recital. 
Prom  thence  he  visits  the  Cape  colony, 
where  he  is  informed  of  a  most  won- 
derful phenomenon,  which  we  shall 
transcribe  for  the  benefit  of  our  readers' 
faith: 

"  In  the  evening  I  accompanied  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Le  Seur  in  their  pleasure  wag- 
gon (which  la  the  fashionable  carriage  of 
this  part  of  the  colony),  to  the  widow  De 
Troit's  farm,  close  to  the  Hartebeest 
river,  near  which  I  examined  a  perpendi- 
cular mass  of  rock,  the  front  of  which  is 
quite  smooth,  said  to  be  worn  by  the 
friction  of  wild  elephants,  who  rub  them- 
selves against  it." 

We  should  surmise  that  now  the 
rock  is  polished,  it  must  have  lost  ita 
tickling  properties,  and  no  longer  be 
resorted  to  by  the  wild  elephants  for 
the  purpose  of  titillation,  but  by  the 
Hottentot  boors  to  commemorate  the 
sagacity  of  a  Yahoo. 

Subsequently,  we  have  a  sail  to  the 
Isle  of  France  and  Madagascar,  where 
the  curtain  seasonably  drops.  This 
work,  in  ordinary  cases,  would  have 


been  esteemed  an  excellent  orbituary 
and  register  of  his  friends'  names  and 
habits,  whilst  posterity  will  be  grati- 
fied by  a  correct  catalogue  of  every 
family  who  have  courteously  invited 
its  editor  to  partake  of  a  cup  of  bonea* 
or  a  lean  mutton  chop.  Indeed  a 
copy  is  indispensible  to  every  colonial 
traveller,  as  affording  the  latest  infor- 
mation on  the  quality  of  the  hacks  at 
each  farm,  the  uumber  of  falls  and 
casualties  he  may  fairly  anticipate,  the 
quality  of  the  food,  the  state  of  the 
roads,  and  a  list  of  the  best  waggon 
makers.  Change  but  the  names,  and 
the  narrative  would  as  aptly  charac- 
terize Iceland  or  Greenland,  as  the 
forests  of  Brazil  or  the  heathbearing 
Cape.  Surely  if  sight  (as  it  must  be 
confessed)  is  indispensibly  necessary 
to  the  publishing  disciple  of  travel, 
the  Lieutenant  would  act  wisely  were 
he  to  direct  his  energies  and  contem- 
plation to  some  other  object  more  be- 
neficial to  the  public,  and  more  suitable 
to  his  physical  powers,  yet  equally 
conducive  to  the  satisfaction  of  a  libe- 
ral mind,  and  no  less  adapted  for  ex- 
citing the  benevolent  feelings  of  the 
community  in  which  his  lot  of  life  is 
cast. 

The  third  volume  continues  the  tra- 
vels of  our  author  from  the  island  of 
Madagascar  to  the  Comoro  Isles,  Zan- 
zibar, the  Seychelles,  Mauritius,  Cey- 
lon, and  the  eastern  coast  of  Indoostan, 
from  whence  he  embarks  for  China. 
The  style  of  this  volume  is  identical 
with  the  former  one,  and  after  exclud- 
ing the  extracts  made  from  other 
works,  which  are  profuse,  we  could 
scarcely  fancy  ourselves  beyond  the 
precincts  of  Old  England,  were  it  not 
for  the  expressions  of  palms,  cocoa* 
nuts,  date  toddy,  and  quids  of  chunam. 
As  in  the  preceding  tome,  no  host  is 
passed  by  without  due  thanks,  and 
the  honour  of  having  his  name,  pedi- 
gree, and  titles,  registered  and  pro- 
pounded. We  cannot  withhold  our 
concern  that  Mr.  H.  who  appears  emi- 
nently fond  of  the  Seychelles  harpoe, 
did  not  contrive  to  bait  his  line  for 
those  exquisite  shells,  the  Melanise, 
found  in  their  fresh  water  streams. 
Perhaps  the  acquisition  of  these  may 
tempt  him  to  resume  his  erratic  excur- 
sions to  the  land  of  double  cocoa-nuts 
and  the  abode  of  the  leaf-8y. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


526 


Review. — Letters  on  Religious  Subjects. 


[N'or. 


Letters  for  the  Poor  on  Religious 
Subjects.  By  the  Author  of  '  Twelve 
plain  Sermons  preached  in  a  Village 
Church.' 

THERE  is  nothing  which  good  taste 
could  reject,  and  certainly  nothing 
which  piety  would  not  approve,  in 
the  excellent  little  work  before  us. 


among  the  peasantry ;  and  a  man 
not  be  a  thief  without  loss  of  his 
character.  Swearing  is  not  practised 
but  by  the  worst  part;  but  falsehood, 
we  are  grieved  to  say.  is  too  common 
to  all;  men,  women, and  children, 
absolutely  live  in  au  atmosphere  of  it ; 
from  petty  prevarications,  to  the  most 

The  style  Ts  perfectly  famUiar,"  evenTo  conflicting  ™*  daring  inventions; 
the  greatest  extent,  but  neither  vulgar  and'  as  we  have  sa!d'  !t  has  «one  \° 
nor  mean.  The  subjects  are  judicious     that  extent  M  no  loneer  t0  be  C5tl" 


ly  chosen ;  and  the  arguments  by  which 
they  are  enforced,  are  well  disposed 
and  unfolded.  We  wish  the  author 
had  added  one  more  Letter  on  the  great 
prevailing  vice  of  the  Poor — viz.  their 
disregard  of  Truth ;  and  that  he  had 


mated  a  crime.  Even  in  the  rank 
of  the  rural  population,  far  above 
the  poor,  there  is  no  conscientious 
love  and  reverence  of  truth ;  thev  do 
not  know  its  worth ;  they  do  not  feel 
that  it  is  the  firm  foundation  of  all 
other  virtues,  and  that  the  absence  of 


urged  upon  them  the  wickedness  which 

produces  it,  the  mischief  it  creates,  Jt  alwa>:9  J*?™)*  a  m,nd  deficient  m 
the  debasement  of  the  moral  principle    n\ora.1.  discipline,  and  utterly  ignorant 


principle 

that  follows  it ;  and  that  he  had  de- 
clared to  them  that  Christianity  is  so 
opposed  to  it,  that  the  liar  cannot  be 
called  a  Christian  ;  but  that  he  is  the 
follower  of  him  who  is  the  father  of 
lies.  The  extent  to  which  this  crime 
prevails  among  the  lower  orders  is 
dreadful  I  It  is  practised  without 
scruple,  without  shame,  without  re- 
morse :  and  it  has  done  more  to  lower 
them  in  the  estimation  of  those  who 
are  interested  in  their  welfare,  than 


of  religious  principle. 

We  do  not  extract  from  any  par- 
ticular parts  of  this  book  ;  for  it  is 
very  cheap,  so  all  may  buy  it ;  it  is 
very  well  written,  and  all  should  read 
it.  Besides,  it  is  not  that  kind  of 
work  whose  excellence  is  seen  by  ex- 
tracts of  particular  passages  ;  it  is  the 
general  tone,  the  spirit  that  pervades 
all  parts  of  it,  the  zeal,  the  earnest- 
ness, the  anxious  desire,  the  good 
feeling,   the    sympathy   with  those 


arc  inieresieu  in  meir  weuure,  wttu  «'    .   .      .     «  j 

any  other  thing.  We  hope  to  find  to  whom  it  is  addressed,  that  form,  as 
this  subject  treated  of  in  the  next    it  were  a  tint  or  colouring  which  per- 


iubject 

edition  of  this  valuable  little  book. 
Drunkenness  is  not  an  habitual  vice 


vades  the  whole  ;  and  which  is 
ened  by  separation. 


Harrow  School  Books. 
No.  1.  Philosophia  Graea. — It  is  im- 
possible  not  to  feel  satisfied  with  the  ex- 
cellent selection  made  in  this  volume,  and 
with  the  accuracy  with  which  every  needful 
assistance  is  given  to  the  young  scholar,  in  a 
brief  commodious  form.  Perhaps  we  our- 
selves should  have  hesitated  about  the  ex- 
tracts from  ./Elian,  a  writer  distinguished 
by  no  gracefulness  of  style,  nor  fidelity  of 
narration  ;  but  at  p.  382  a  reason  is  given 
for  the  insertion  of  some  extracts, — utpote 
lectu  facilia,  et  animo  peijucunda.  The 
whole  of  Longinus  is  very  properly  includ- 
ed in  this  volume,  as  it  is  a  work  which 
would  suffer  much  from  division.  The 
appendixes  are  accurate  and  useful,  and 
the  whole  bears  the  marks  of  a  scholar's 
hand.  We  arc  glad  the  editor  has  done 
justice  to  Mr.  Clinton's  learned  work — 
*'  Paucula  his  excerptis  loco  Supplement! 
addidimus,  in  quibus  adornandis  non  raro 


Fastos  Hellenicos,  magnae  illud  diligentic 
et  ingenii  opus,  compilavimus.'' 

No.  2.  Historic  Gr&ca. — This  volume 
contains  the  first  and  fifth  books  of  Hero- 
dotus; the  first  and  second  books  of  Thu- 
cydides ;  the  third  book  of  Xenophon ;  two 
orations  of  Lysias ;  eight  of  Demosthenes ; 
and  extracts  from  Polybius.  The  object 
which  the  editor  had  in  view,  was  in  his 
own  language — In  cligendis  et  excerpen- 
dis  quibusdam  Historicis  Grsecis,  id  pre- 
precipue  ex  proposito  erat,  ut  rerum  ges- 
tarum  series  quam  maximecontinuaflueret. 
This  selection  is  made  with  due  delibera- 
tion and  knowledge ;  nor  do  we  know  that 
it  could  be  improved. 

No.  3.  Musa  Grttca. — Of  Homer,  the 
editor  very  properly  does  not  give  the 
disjecta  membra  Poette.  He  commences 
therefore  with  Hesiod,  and  goes  down- 
wards through  '  Sappho,  Alcseus,  Pindar, 
Aristophanes  Com:  Poet:  fragm.,  Poet* 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


1835.]      Review.— Harrow  School  Books.— Bel/ord  Regis.  527 


Bueolici,  Aratus,  Ap.  Rhodius,  Callima- 
chus,  Meleager,  Dion.  Periegesis,  Oppian. 
To  the  volume  are  appended  Excerpta, 
from  Herman's  admirable  treatise  de  Versu 
Heroico. 

No.  4.  Historic  Roman*. — The  ex- 
tracts arc  from  Sallust,  Cicero,  Livy, 
Caesar,  Florus,  C.  Nepos,  V.  Paterculus, 
and  Tacitus.  The  appendices  of  Roman 
Money — the  Kalendar — the  family  of  the 
Caesars — and  the  Roman  Roads  in  Bri- 
tain, are  judiciously  added,  and  remove 
any  difficulty  which  might  occur  to  young 
students  on  these  subjects. 

We  have  no  doubt  but  that  these  works 
have  been  formed  with  the  greatest  care, 
and  certainly  they  are  executed  in  an 
admirable  manner.  We  firmly  believe 
that  sound  scholarship  and  a  familiar 
acquaintance  with  the  great  writers  of 
antiquity,  is,  if  not  the  only,  yet  the 
best  and  surest  foundation  of  a  tine 
discriminating  taste,  and  the  greatest  as- 
sutant  of  genius  ;  while  the  beautiful  and 
philosophical  language  in  which  their 
works  are  conveyed  to  the  mind,  forms  in 
itself  a  study  of  great  value.  It  is  not  in 
the  power  of  every  one  to  be  a  Porson,  or 
a  Herman  :  it  is  not  necessary  that  all 
should  pursue  the  Greek  language  into  the 
most  subtle  analysis  of  its  structure,  or  the 
refined  intricacy  of  its  idioms ;  but  it  is 
highly  advantageous  that  the  early  years 
of  youth  should  be  employed  in  contem- 
plating the  finest  models  of  eloquence  and 
genius ;  and  on  the  very  same  principles 
that  sculpture  should  be  studied  from  the 
chisel  of  Phidias,  and  painting  from  the 
pencil  of  Raphael  and  Titian  ;  so  the  kin- 
dred arts  of  poetry  and  eloquence,  which 
minister  to  the  delights  of  life,  and  add  a 
fresh  charm  and  dignity  to  human  pur- 
suits, should  be  sought  where  they  are 
acknowledged  to  have  shone  with  peculiar 
splendour,  on  the  shores  of  Greece  and 
Italy.  If  we  have  long  and  justly  been 
able  to  boast  of  those  high  accomplish- 
ments which  have  distinguished  the 
bar,  the  pulpit,  and  the  senate ;  which 
appeared  with  such  lustre  in  the  speeches 
of  a  Dunning  and  a  Mansfield  ;  in  the 
sermons  of  a  Barrow  and  a  Bentley ;  and 
in  those  noble  orations  which  have  immor- 
tali2ed  the  names  of  Chatham  and  of  Fox  ; 
sorely  the  early  foundation  of  that  know- 
ledge which  inspired,  and  that  taste  which 
guided  them,  is  to  be  traced  to  the  admi- 
rable system  of  education  which  these 
great  men  received  in  our  public  schools. 
Of  these  schools  Harrow  has  always 
been  among  the  most  eminent,  and  she 
can  look  back  with  a  mother's  pride  to 
a  series  of  illustrious  men,  who  would 
shrink  from  no  competition,  either  in  the 
vigour  of  their  talents,  the  variety  of  their 
attainments,  the  correctness  of  their  learn- 


ing, or  the  utility  and  elegance  of  their 
productions  ;  that  series  of  scholars  which 
rose  up  with  such  splendour  under  the 
names  of  a  Jones,  a  Parr,  and  a  Sumner; 
which  has  continued  with  the  scarcely 
inferior  ones  of  a  Drury  and  a  Butler;  and 
which  extends  to  the  present  day,  with 
unimpaired  brilliancy,  while  it  boasts  an 
Aberdeen,  a  Byron,  and  a  Peel. — 4  Stet 
fortuna  domus.' 


Bel/ord  Regis ;  or  Sketches  of  a  Coun- 
try  Town.  Hy  M.  Russell  Mitford.  3  vols. 
— These  are  very  delightful  volumes ;  we 
think  quite  equal  in  graphic  skill,  in  ease, 
spirit,  and  elegance  of  narration*,  to  any 
other  previous  ones.  They  must  be  a 
great  treat  to  the  inhabitants  of  Reading, 
who,  though  warned  not  to  consider  Miss 
Mitford's  characters  as  portraits  of  them- 
selves, must  yet  be  highly  gratified  by 
such  a  rich  influx  of  additional  society. 
Long  after  the  present  race  of  inhabitants 
are  gathered  to  their  fathers,  Miss  Mit- 
ford's spirited  creations  will  be  as  fresh 
as  ever  :  indeed  they  alone  will  form  the  • 
perpetual,  immoveable,  irresponsible  Cor- 
poration ;  they  will  be  asked  for  by  all  the 
strangers,  and  we  think  the  chief  draw- 
back to  the  worthy  burgesses  of  Reading 
in  the  perusal  of  these  volumes,  will  be 
seeing  themselves  thrown  into  the  shade, 
by  their  more  brilliant  and  fascinating 
fellow-townsmen,  the  silent  umbra  of 
their  civic  feasts ;  who  tenant  the  best 
houses,  enjoy  the  highest  reputation,  are 
invited  to  the  most  select  entertainments, 
say  the  very  best  things,  feed  on  the  most 
sumptuous  fare ;— and  are  exempted  from 
contributing  to  the  taxes,  paving,  light- 
ing, watch,  church,  and  other  rates  :  and 
in  fact  enjoy  a  most  enviable,  luxurious 
existence.  Such  is  Stephen  Lane  the 
butcher  ;  prosperity  be  with  him  1 — may 
the  flesh-fly  never  taint  his  beef!  may 
his  house-lamb  be  always  in  request! — 
Then  Mrs.  Hollis  the  fruiterer,  with  her 
grand-daughter  Patty — blessings  be  on 
her !  In  the  simplicity  of  our  hearts,  we 
ourselves  could  have  been  the  rivals  of 
Andrew  Graham  and  Samuel  Vicars.  But 
we  must  reluctantly  quit  this  fascinating 
society.  We  have  taken  a  peep  into  the 
ball-room  ;  we  have  seen  the  competition 
for  the  silver  arrow;  we  went,  though  it 
rained,  to  Belford  races;  and  now  we 
must  reluctantly  hasten  back  to  our  avo- 
cations, secure  of  finding  our  friends  the 
the  inhabitants  of  Belford,  quite  as  well 
as  when  we  left  them,  whenever  we  re- 
turn. That  Miss  Mitford  may  herself 
partake  of  this  sfatu-quo  existence,  the 
perpetuum  ver  in  which  her  friends  and 
neighbours  are  flourishing,  that  her  lost 
stock  of  geraniums  may  soon  be  repaired, 
and  that  she  may  flourish  in  crane's-bills 


Digitized  by  Gooole 


528  Miscellane 

as  in  goose-quills,  is  the  fervent  wish  of 
her  kinsman,  her  admirer,  and  her  friend. 

A  Treatise  on  Marine  Surveying,  by 
Thomas  Charles  Robson,  of  the  Honour- 
able  East  India  Company's  Service.  8vo. 
pp.  336,  with  plates — During  the  resi- 
dence of  this  gentleman  in  India,  he  had, 
as  he  informs  his  readers,  frequent  occa- 
sion to  regret  the  want  of  such  a  text- 
book as  that  which  he  now  offers  to  the 
public  ;  and,  taking  advantage  of  the  ex- 
perience which  he  had  the  opportunity  of 
acquiring  under  Captain  D.  Ross,  the 
marine  surveyor-general  of  India,  he  en- 
deavoured to  supply  the  deficiency  by  com- 
piling this  volume  It  commences  with 
a  treatise  on  plane  trigonometry,  as  ap- 
plied to  marine  surveying ;  to  tins  i* 
added  a  clear  and  minute  description  of 
the  instruments  best  adapted  to  that  pur- 
pose ;  together  with  a  treatise  on  the  prac- 
tice of  surveying  under  all  circumstances, 
and  a  table  of  logarithms,  from  an  unit  to 
ten  thousand  ;  a  table  of  logarithmic  sines 
and  tangents,  and  a  table  of  natural  sines. 
The  labour  and  talent  necessarily  employ- 
ed in  the  compilation  of  such  a  volume  as 
this,  not  less  than  the  practical  import- 
ance of  the  subject,  are  calculated  to  re- 
commend it  extensively  to  the  notice  of 
the  maritime  service  of  the  country ;  to 
whom  we  trust  it  will  prove  a  valuable 
auxiliary  in  a  department  of  their  duties 
intimately  connected  with  the  national 
prosperity. 

Treatise  on  Hydrocephalus,  by  William 
Griffith,  M.R.C.S.4;c.\%35.— An  account 
of  the  symptoms  and  mode  of  treatment 
of  a  most  afflicting  disorder  ;  the  utility  of 
which  is  by  no  means  confined  to  the  pro- 
fession of  which  the  author  is  a  distin- 
guished member  and  teacher. 

England,  an  Historical  Poem,  by  S.  W. 
Ord.  Second  part.  1835. — In  our  review 
of  the  first  part  of  this  poem,  we  gave 
praise  to  Mr.  Ord  for  the  copiousness  and 
flow  of  his  versification,  and  the  spirit  and 
elegance  of  his  descriptions  ;  and  we  are 
glad  to  extend  our  approbation  to  this  new 
volume.  We  still  do  not  think  his  plan 
well  chosen ;  and  that  the  ease  with 
which  his  thoughts  flow  into  verse,  often 
leads  him  to  a  redundancy  of  expression. 
He  is  too  fon  1  of  the  exclamation  Oh !  and 
the  verb  *  do'  and  '  did.'  There  are  a 
few  incorrect  passages.  At  p.  202,  he 
has  given  a  wrong  quantity  to  the  middle 
syllable  of  Ixion — 4  And  Phaeton  Ixion's 
fall,*  &c.  P.  189,  he  has  accented  Anna 
Boleyn,  on  the  last  syllable  ;  and  so  184  ; 
and  so  Westminster,  p.  117.  What  does 
he  mean— 4  by  hearing  the  jar  melodious 

10 


ts  Reviews.  £Nov. 

of  the  spheres  ?»  P.  76,  is  an  expression 
very  un poetical  and  inelegant — 4  the  lonely 
hills,  like  sweaty  giants  stood.'  P.  51 , 
4  ^  fine  old  abbey,'  ought  to  be  fined.  P. 
18,  4  And  of  Orleans  missioned  damsel's 
pain.*  Why  is  the  second  syllabic  made 
long?  These  are  small  blemishes;  but 
with  others  should  be  removed.  Tbs 
poem  does  Mr.  Ord  great  credit,  but  wants 
a  careful  revision.  What  is  the  mistake 
in  the  following  passage  ? — p.  S3 8, 

4  And  thou  hast  silken  eyebrows  highly 
spread 

Upon  thy  snowy  cAin,  and  cheeks  most 
fair.' 


Scripture  Biography.  By  the  Rev.  R. 
W.  Evans.  Second  Series. — A  work  of 
piety,  knowledge,  and  taste. 

Rosomond  Gray.  Recollection*  of 
Christ's  Hospital.  By  C.  Lamb.  1835. — 
Mr.  Lamb  in  his  own  style  hath  neither 
peer  nor  follower.  We  hope  he  is  now 
quietly  seated  with  the  company  he  likes, 
Burton,  Fuller,  and  Ben  Jonsou  —  with 
perhaps  old  Burbage  and  Penkethman 
dropping  in.  We  never  shall  forget  our 
suppers  at  Islington — Miss  Lamb  (trulT 
Agna  Dei)  opening  the  door,  and  Lamb 
preceding  us  up  stairs. 

1  Sum  mum  projierabat  Lambere  tectum.' 


The  Art  of  being  Happy.  From  the 
French  of  M.  Bros.  By  B.  H.  Draper. 
— Monsieur  Droz's  reputation  as  a  mo- 
ralist and  elegant  writer  is  well  known. 
The  present  work  abounds  in  sensible  re- 
flections on  the  situation  and  duties  of 
men ;  and  contains  admirable  rules  for  the 
guidance  of  their  conduct.  Early  educa- 
tion is  the  basis  of  all  good.  It  is  in  the 
moral  world  as  in  the  natural, — if  the 
seed  is  not  sown  in  spring,  the  ground  will 
be  barren  for  the  remainder  of  the  year. 


Evolutions  of  the  Power  and  Operation 
of  Numbers,  $c.  By  Thomas  Smith.— 
We  cheerfully  bear  our  testimony  to  the 
clearness,  and  precision,  and  good  arrange- 
ment of  this  work.  We  can  detect  no- 
thing superfluous,  and  we  can  discover  no 
deficiency. 


Memoir  of  the  Rev.  G.  T.  Bedell,  D.D* 
By  Stephen  H.  Tyng.  1835. — Books  such 
as  these  can  never  be  read  without  profit. 
In  the  character  of  the  subject  of  biogra- 
phy there  is  nothing  dubious,  there  is  no 
compromise  of  principles  to  be  found,  no 
sacrifice  of  right:  it  is  the  picture  of  a 
religious  heart,  of  a  duteous  and  faithful 
spirit,  and  of  an  obedient  life. 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


nr.    0  Misccllam 

Minor  Moral*.  By  J.  Bowring.  Par/ 
/.  and  I  J.  1835.— We  have  no  objection 
to  Mr.  Bowring's  stories,  as  far  as  they 
go,  though  they  are  not  so  well  written  as 
we  should  have  expected,  and  in  natural 
history  some  deficiencies  and  mistakes 
occur.  For  the  system  on  which  he  founds 
his  morals,  we  are  at  total  and  uncompro- 
mising variance  wi  h  him. 


Sermons t  by  the  Rev.  W.  Allen,  late 
Minister  of  Peel,  Lancashire.  Vol.  II. 
1835. — We  have  not  lately  met  with  a 
volume  of  plain,  practical  discourses  that 
we  prefer  to  the  present.  Indeed,  we  think 
their  superiority  to  many  is  manifest. 
The  doctrines  are  truly  scriptural — the 
feeling  warm,  pure,  and  devout — the  argu- 
ments and  illustrations  parallel  and  clear 
— the  language  suitable  to  the  subject  and 
purpose  of  the  preacher. 

Diary  of  a  Solitaire,  §7*.  1805.  8vo. — 
A  very  worthy  Quaker's  journal  during  a 
short  visit  to  Switzerland.  The  informa- 
tion in  the  book  is  trifling,  but  the  feeling 
and  principles  excellent. 


Theological  Treat  tees,  by  the  Rev.  John 
Howe.  With  a  Memoir  of  the  Author. 
By  Thomas  Taylor.  (Sacred  Classics.) — 
These  treatises  are  well  selected.  Howe 
was  a  man  whose  spirit  was  deeply  and 
fervently  Christian.  His  writings  are  in- 
ferior to  none  in  their  power  of  awakening 
the  conscience,  moving  the  feelings,  and 
forcing  the  massive  truths  of  Christianity 
into  the  heart.  We  have  often  lamented 
that  his  writings  were  not  more  generally 
read  and  esteemed.  The  memoir  is  very 
creditably  written. 

Lectures  on  Homelitics  and  Preaching. 
By  Ebenezer  Porter,  D.D.  with  a  Preface, 
by  J.  Jones.  1835. — A  book  containing 
much  judicious  advice  and  much  solid  in- 
struction, of  which  the  younger  clergy 
would  do  well  to  avail  themselves.  This 
work  and  Mr.  H.  Raikes's  leave  little  to  be 
desired.   

Dr.  Adam  Clarke' S.Christian  Theology. 
Selected  by  Samuel  Dunn.  1835.— We 
like  the  plan  of  this  little  work,  and  wish 
it  were  generally  adopted  ;  presenting  as 
it  does  the  leading  opinions — the  great 
landmarks  raised  by  the  author  in  the  field 
of  knowledge,  and  which  are  of  invaluable 
use  in  divinity  to  his  followers.  A  short 
but  well  drawn -up  life  is  prefixed. 


The  History  of  Jamaica.  By  a  Native 
Military  Officer.  1835. — A  compendious, 
useful  little  book.  The  history  of  the 
■Ireadful  insurrection  is  authentic  ami  of 
high  interest. 

Gent.  M  ag.  Vol.  IV. 


us  Reviews.  529 

Italy  and  Italian  Literature.  By  Chat. 
Herbert,  Esq.  1835. — There  was  no  par- 
ticular occasion  for  this  book,  and  little 
novelty  in  it ;  but  we  hope  it  is  only  a 
precursor  of  more  learned  works  ;  a  sign 
to  us  that  the  author  is  endeavouring  to 
break  up  the  rich  field  of  Italian  literature, 
and  bring  home  his  spoils. 


FrithiofsSaga,  a  Scandinavian  Legend. 
Translated  from  the  Swedish  of  Esaias 
Tegner.  By  the  Rev.'W.  Strong,  A.M. — 
This  is  a  very  interesting  and  curious  poem 
of  the  Bishop  of  Wexio  ;  and  Mr.  Strong 
would  have  deserved  the  gratitude  of  the 
public,  had  his  version  been  more  faithful 
to  the  original,  and  less  ornamented.  Mr. 
Strong  has  the  command  of  poetical  lan- 
guage, and  some  parts  of  his  version  are 
pleasing  and  spirited  ;  but  he  has  not  kept 
in  mind  that  the  foundation  of  all  good 
poetry  is  simplicity.  His  prose  is  subject 
to  the  same  animadversion.  With  these 
corrections  wc  should  hope  Mr.  Strong 
will  pursue  his  researches  in  the  field  of 
northern  literature.  He  cannot  take  a 
better  guide  for  his  style  than  Mr.  Her- 
bert's. 


The  Doom  of  Giallo,  by  J.  Boaden,  Esq. 
8vo. — Mr.  Boaden  has  availed  himself  of 
a  hint  in  Mr.  Beckford's  Letters  on  Italy, 
to  fill  up  a  sketch  which  that  great  artist 
ha/1  left.  Whether  Mr.  Boaden  has 
worked  in  the  spirit  of  the  original,  we 
cannot  say  :  his  book  is  not  deficient  in 
talent ;  but  the  subject  is  to  us  exceedingly 
displeasing,  and  in  some  parts  revolting 
against  good  principles  and  good  feeling  ; 
and  moreover  the  latter  part  of  the  work 
sinks  rapidly  in  its  interest,  and  4  drags 
its  slow  length  along.'  We  wish  Mr. 
Boaden  to  stick  to  his  biography,  where 
we  always  meet  him  with  pleasure.  A 
work,  well  and  faithfully  composed,  and 
written  with  spirit  and  fellow-feeling,  to 
be  called,  '  Reminiscences  of  Actors  and 
Actresses, '  beginning  with  the  rise  of 
John  Kemble,  and  ending  with  the  death 
of  Kean,  would  be  well  received  ;  and  we 
think  from  no  one  more  acceptable  than 
from  Mr.  Boaden.  What  ought  not  the 
lives  and  conversation  of  Quick,  Munden, 
Suett,  Fawcet,  Banister,  Emery,  Lewis, 
and  Mathews  to  produce  :  nor  would  the 
interest  excited  by  the  daughters  of 
Thalia,  be  less.  We  wish  Mr.  Boaden 
would  ponder  our  request ; — we  wish  yet 
more,  that  he  would  comply  with  it. 

Outre-Mer ;  or  a  Pilgrimage  to  the 
Old  World.  By  an  American.  2  vols. — 
As  a  book  of  light  reading,  the  present 
may  pass.  Some  of  the  tales  are  far  bet- 
ter executed  than  others.  That  of  Mas- 
3  Y 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


530 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Nov. 


ter  Franc  and  the  Monk  of  St.  Anthony, 
known  so  well  in  Mr.  Colman'a  verse, 
is  spoiled  in  the  American's  prose.  With 
the  4  Old  English  Prose  Romances'  the 
author  is  but  imperfectly  acquainted  :  the 
chapter  on  the  poetry  of  Spain,  is  as  good 
as  any  ;  that  on  Italy  is  entertaining. 

Medifalion,  with  Self-examination  for 
every  Day  in  the  Year.  12mo. — One 
of  those  excellent  little  works,  which, 
composed  with  judgment  and  piety,  can 
never  fail  to  purify  and  strengthen  the 
heart,  to  keep  the  conscience  active,  and 
the  flame  of  devotion  alive. 


The  Adopted.  Canto  J.  1834.— We  give 
the  cxix  stanza.  The  Poet  is  speaking  of 
a  bud. 

Perhaps  'twill  break  forth  a  distorted 
flower, 

Like  an  ironic  smile  of  some  one  stitny. 
While  with  a  conscious  pride  compelled  to 
cower 

To  an  unworthy  trie.lder  of  the  wrong. 
Perchance  it  may  exert  it's  native  power, 
And  beauteously  burst  thro'  all  that's  flung 
Around  bnt  to  entangle — 'twill  not  die 
Without  a  struggle  thro'  a  colder  sky. 

The  Way  of  Peace  lost  and  regained, 
by  the  Author  of  the  "  Bread  of  Deceit '." 
— An  excellent  little  treatise  ;  but  occa- 
sionally the  language  is  too  elevated  for 
those  to  whom  it  is  intended  to  be  of  ser- 
vice. 

I.  A  Sermon,  preached  at  St.  Martin's, 
in  the  Fields,  in  aid  of  the  Royal  Dispen- 
sary for  Defects  of  the  Ear,  by  Richard 
Lord  Bishop  of  Derry.  1834. 


2.  Observations  on  the  Preservation  of 
Hearing,  $c.  by  J.  W.  Curtis,  <£r.  1834. 

The  first  of  these  little  tracts  is  written 
in  good  taste,  and  with  that  sound  and 
rational  piety  which  we  expect  to  roee-t 
with  in  the  productions  of  our  learned  and 
enlightened  prelates.  The  second  i*  a 
very  interesting  publication,  by  a  person 
of  great  eminence  in  that  particular  branch 
of  surgery  which  relates  to  the  important 
organs  of  hearing.  The  observations  more 
particularly  on  the  use  of  ear-trumjtefs 
are  worthy  of  deep  attention. 

Some  Account  of  the  Manor  of  Hal- 
ing,  in  the  parish  of  Croydon,  Surrey  .- 
trith  notices  of  the  Family  of  Gaffe,  of 
that  place.  By  G.  Steinman  Stein  man. 
Esq.  F.S.A.  F.L.S.  Author  of  a  His- 
tory of  Croydon.  Imp.  8vo.  pp.  HO. — 
Mr.  Steinmau  having,  since  the  publica- 
tion of  his  History  of  Croydon,  collected 
several  additional  particulars  relative  to 
the  manor  of  Haling,  particularly  docu- 
ments from  the  Exchequer-office  and  the 
Chapter-house,  and  pedigrees  of  War- 
ham,  Gardiuer,  and  Parker- Hamond,  has 
communicated  the  result  to  the  44  Collec- 
tanea Topographica  et  Gcnealogica; TT  and 
now  again  has  amplified  his  Memoir,  by 
some  biographical  additions,  into  the  pre- 
sent brochure,  of  which  only  twenty-five 
copies  are  privately  printed.  Its  princi- 
pal features  are,  a  biography  of  Sir  Henry 
Gage,  the  gallant  Governor  of  Oxford  for 
Charles  I. ;  another  of  his  brother  Thomas 
Ga^e,  the  historian  of  the  West  Indies,  to 
whom  44  we  may  attribute  the  possession 
of  Jamaica;"  and  notices  of  some  other 
remarkable  members  of  the  same  family. 


FINE 

NEW  STATUES. 

The  statue  of  the  late  King  of  Bavaria, 
Maximilian  Joseph,  iti  bronze,  was,  on 
the  5th  Sent,  placed  in  front  of  the  new 
Palace  at  Munich.  It  weighs,  including 
the  pedestal  and  the  attributes,  400  quin- 
tals. The  pedestal  is  30  feet  high.  Its 
inauguration  took  place  on  October  13, 
during  the  annual  popular  festival. 

The  bronze  statue  of  Cuvier,  by  Da- 
vid, has  been  erected  at  his  native  town  of 
Montbelliard,  and  its  inauguration  was 
celebrated  on  his  birth-duy,  Aug.  23,  with 
great  ceremony.  Deputations  from  seve- 
ral learned  bodies  were  present,  and  va- 
rious orations  were  delivered  in  honour  of 
the  occasion.  The  house  in  which  Cu- 
vier first  saw  the  light  was  tastefully  de- 
corated,  and   the  following  inscription 


ARTS. 

placed  on  it,  "  Ici  naquit  G.  Cuvier,  le 
j?3  Aoflt,  1769."  The  banquet  was  suc- 
ceeded by  a  grand  concert  and  ball. 

PAINTINGS  AT  AVIGNON. 

The  Society  for  the  Preservation  and 
Description  of  Historical  Monuments  in 
France,  have  appropriated  a  part  of  their 
funds  to  making  copies  of  the  beautiful 
fresco  paintings,  which  decorate  the  walls 
and  ceilings  of  the  ancient  palace  of  the 
Popes  at  Avignon.  M.  Baptiste  Heboid, 
a  young  artist  of  much  promise,  is  to  un- 
dertake the  work. 


Select  flews  of  the  Remains  of  Ancient 
Monuments  in  Greece,  at  present  existing ; 
from  dra'jnugs  taken  and  coloured  on  the 
spot  in  the  year  1&33.  By  William  Cole, 
.irchiUit.  folio,    i Aekerniaiin. )— There 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Fine  Arts. 


is  an  evident  cure  and  fidelity  in  the  exe- 
cution of  these  plates,  as  if  it  bad  been 
the  artist's  chief  aim  to  give  an  occurnte 
idea  of  tbe  scene  represented, — a  veri- 
similitude, which,  we  fear,  must  often  be 
very  deficient  in  those  view?,  however 
beautiful,  which  are  now  so  frequently 
manufactured  from  the  hasty  sketches 
of  amateur  travellers,  with  *«  the  effect 
added  "  from  tbe  prolific  imagination  of  an 
artist  at  home.    In  thus  awarding  to  Mr. 
Cole  due  credit  for  that  accuracy  which 
ought  ever  to  characterise  the  works  of 
the  architect,  it  is  necessary  to  add,  in 
order  to  obviate  a  false  conception  of  tbe 
nature  of  his  plates,  that  they  are  not 
what  are  generally  known  as  architectural 
drawings,  but  picturesque  general  views, 
displaying  as  much  of  the  perennial  beau- 
ties of  nature  as  of  the  desolated  ruins  of 
ancient  art.    They  consist  of  twelve  folio 
views,  coloured  after  the  drawings  which, 
he  tells  us,  were  finished  on  the  spot ;  ten 
of  them  representing  the  most  striking 
architectural  scenes  at  Athens,  and  two 
from  Corinth.     The  period  when  they 
were  taken,  in  1833,  was  one  peculiarly 
favourable  for  the  object.    "  The  author 
was  so  fortunate  as  to  arrive  at  Athens  in 
May,  just  after  the  Greeks  hud  evacuated 
the  town.    The  Parthenon,  the  Eree- 
theura,  the  Temple  of  the  Winds,  and  the 
Choragic  Monument  of  Lysierates,  with- 
out one  intervening  fragment  to  obstruct 
the  view,  were  relieved  against  tbe  clear 
sky,  in  isolated  majesty  and  beauty,  amidst 
the  records  of  tbe  destruction  from  which 
they  had  been  almost  miraculously  pre- 
served ;  and  the  Acropolis,  as  seen  from 
the  remaining  columns  of  the  Temple  of 
Jupiter,  formed  a  coup-d'ceil  that  cannot 
be  described.     Before   the  author  left 
Greece,  many  of  the  most  striking  views 
Mere  again    obstructed    by  buildings." 
These  circumstances  give  a  peculiar  value 
to  this  very  interesting  and  beautif  ul  work 
of  Mr.  Cole. 


facsimiles  of  I/isturieal  and  Literary 
Curiosities;  accompanied    by  etchings  of 
Interesting  Localities  ;  engraved  and  litho- 
graphed by  and  under  the   direr  lion  of 

Chari.kb  John  Smith.  4-to  The  frame 

artist,  whose  recent  productions  in  illus- 
tration of  Mr.  Murray's  edition  of  Johnson 
we  had  lately  occasion  to  praise,  and  who 
was  also  tbe  engiaver  of  the  handsome  vo- 
lume of  historical  Autographs  published  in 
1829,  here  offers  to  public  view  a  rich  and 
varied  exhibition  of  literary  relics.  We 
know  we  need  only  enumerate  them  to 
excite  the  curiosity  of  eveiy  literary  vir- 
tuoso: 1.  View  of  the  House,  No.  10, 
High-street,  Portsmouth,  in  which  George 
Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  was  assas- 
sinated by"  Felton;  with  a  facsimile  of 


the  paper  foundv  n  Felton *s  hat  when  ap- 
prehended. 2  Horace  Walpoletothe  Rev. 
Mr.  Cole,  respecting  the  pretended  poems 
by  Rowley,  and  the  genius  of  Chatterton. 
3.  Chatterton  to  Horace  Walpole,  endea- 
vouring to  ho.»x  him  with  44  The  Ryse  of 
Peyncteynge  bie  T.  Rowleie."  4.  View 
of  the  Residence  of  Elwood,  the  friend 
of  Milton,  at  Cbalfont  St.  Giles,  and  of 
Joniaens  meeting-house,  co.  Bucks,  the 
burial-place  of  William  Penn,  of  Penn- 
sylvania.   5.   A  Letter  from  William 
Penn,  of  Pennsylvania.     6.  Matthew 
Prior,  respecting  his  portrait  painted  by 
Richardson  and  engraved  by  Vcrtue;  and 
an  Extract  from  Dean  Swift's  Journal, 
containing  an  account  of  the  Duel  be- 
tween the  Duke  of  Hamilton  and  Lord 
Mohun.    7.  View  of  Smollett's  House 
at  Chelsea,  and  a  Letter  from  Smollett 
to  Richardson,  denying  that  he  was  the 
author  of  an  article  in  the  Critical  Re- 
view, reflecting  upon  the  talents  of  the 
Author  of  14  Clarissa."    8.  Richardson's 
answer  to  the  same.    9.  Extracts  from 
the  Will  of  tbe  Emperor  Napoleon,  with 
his  various  signatures,  and  the  signatures 
of  the  Empresses  Josephine  and  Maria 
Louisa.     10.  An  Extract  from  Pope's 
original  Manuscript  of  his  Homer,  con- 
taining the  parting  of  Hector  aud  Andro- 
mache; and  part  of  a  Letter  from  Gay 
to  Dean  Swift,  describing  the  success  of 
the  Beggar's  Opera.  1 1.  View  ct  Sterne's 
Residence  at  Coxwold  in  Yorkshire;  with 
a  note  from  Sterne  to  Ganick  to  borrow 
money  before  his  departure  upon  the 
44  Sentimental  Journey."    12.  Part  of  a 
Letter  from  Bishop  Warburton,  respect- 
ing the  Poems  of  Alii  ton;  and-  part  of  a 
Letter  from  Dr.  Robertson  concerning 
his  History  of  Scotland. 

Mr.  Smith  has  also  just  published,  on 
a  separate  sheet,  the  facsimile  of  a  Let- 
ter from  Miles  Coverdalt  to  Lord  Crom- 
well, written  from  Paris  in  1538,  desiring 
his  protection  for  a  series  of  annotations 
on  the  Scriptures  which  he  had  then  pre- 
pared, and  which  were  afterwards  printed 
in  the  Reformers'  Bible,  at  Geneva,  in 
1560.  Its  interest  at  the  present  period 
will  be  appreciated. 

Mr.  S.  Btn.iN  has  published  a  Pano- 
ramic J  'iciv  of  Home  on  a  very  large  scale 
— drawn  and  etched  by  himself.  It  is  a 
veiy  spirited  performance,  in  the  manner 
of  Pirancsi,  and  the  point  of  view  whence 
the  Panorama  is  taken  is  from  the  Casa 
Claudia  on  the  Monte  Pincio.  The  Print 
coiiMsts  of  three  sheets,  which,  when 
united,  form  a  picture  7  feet  3  iuches  wide, 
by  loin,  high;  it  is  dedicated  to  the  Duke 
of  Sussex,  .under  whose  patronage  it  is 
published,  and  is  highly  ereditable  to  the 
skill  of  Mr.  Belliu. 


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[N  ov 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


Acw  Work*  announced  for  Publication. 

A  new  and  complete  edition  of  Juve- 
nal'* Satires,  linearly  translated ;  with 
Notes  &c.  By  Dr.  P.  A.  Nuttall, 
translator  of  Virgil  and  Horace. 

The  Family  Topographer,  vol.  V. 
By  Samuel  Tymms.  Containing  the 
Midland  Circuit,  or  comities  of  Derby, 
Leicester,  Lincoln,  Northampton,  Not- 
tingham, Rutland,  and  Warwick,  and 
Cheshire  in  the  Chester  Circuit.  With 
eight  Maps. 

The  Masterpieces  of  English  Prose 
Literature,  being  a  selection  of  the  most 
celebrated  authors  of  Britain,  with  preli- 
minary discourses  on  their  genius,  and 
notes,  historical,  biographical,  and  lite- 
rary, &c.    By  J.  A.  Sr.  John. 

Narrative  of  a  Voyage  round  the  World, 
describing  the  British  Settlements  and 
Islands  on  the  Northern  Coast  of  New 
Holland.  By  T.  B.  Wilson,  Sur- 
geon, R.  N. 

The  Providence  of  God  Illustrated. 
By  the  Author  of  "  History  in  All  Ages." 

Leisure  Musings  and  Devotional  Me- 
ditations, in  humble  strains  of  Poetry. 
By  the  Rev.  James  Holme. 

Cruciana;  Illustrations  of  the  most 
striking  aspects  under  which  the  Cross  of 
Christ,  and  the  symbols  derived  from  it, 
have  been  contemplated  by  Piety,  Super, 
stition,  Imagination,  and  Taste.  By  J. 
Holland. 

Hkrbf.rt's  Priest  to  the  Temple,  or 
the  Country  Parson,  with  Memoirs  from 
Isaac  Walton.  Also,  by  the  same,  The 
Temple,  Sacred  Poems,  and  Private 
Ejaculations. 

Village  Sermons  By  A.  Roberts, 
M.  A.  Rector  of  Woodnsing,  Norfolk. 

A  new  edition  of  the  Life  of  Wesley ; 
and  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Methodism. 
By  Robert  Soutiiey,  Esq. 

Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Ellis,  by  her  hus- 
band the  Rev.  W.  Ellis,  late  Missionary 
in  the  South  Sea  Islands. 

The  Book  of  Christmas ;  in  Prose  and 
Verse,  edited  by  T.  K.  Hervey,  with 
Illustrations  designed  by  R.  Seymour. 

Memoirs  of  the  Prince  of  Peace,  for- 
merly Prime  Minister  of  the  King  of 
Spain,  translated  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  his  Highness,  from  the  original 
MS.    By  Lieut.- Col.  D'Esmenard. 

Talcs  and  Fables,  suggested  by  the 
Frescoes  at  Pompeii.  By  M.  Le  Gaos, 
with  Engravings. 

Agues  Senile,  by  the  Author  of  «  The 
Heiress." 

Chronicle*  of  Wultham.  By  Rev.  G. 
R.  Gun,. 


Mr.  N.  P.  Willis's  Pencilling*  by  the 
Way. 

The  Book  of  Gems;  consisting  of  spe- 
cimens of  the  Poets  from  Chaucer  to 
Prior,  each  poet  illustrated  by  Engravings 
from  the  works  of  the  most  distinguished 
painters. 

Miss  Landon's  new  Poem,  The  Vow 
of  the  Peacock. 

Educational  Institutions  of  Germany. 
By  Mr.  James,  Author  of"  The  Gipsy.- 

A  Translation  of  Sehlegel's  Lectures 
on  the  Philosophy  of  History.  By  J.  B. 
Robertson,  Esq. 

Mr.  Chorley's  New  Series  of  Tales. 

Goethe  and  bis  Contemporaries.  By 
Mr.  Austin,  second  edition. 

Miss  Stickney's  new  work,  The  Poe- 
try of  Life. 

•Dr.  Hogg's  Visit  to  Alexandria,  Da- 
mascus, and  Jerusalem. 

Land  and  Sea  Tales.  By  the  Author 
of  «  Tough  Yarns,"  embellished  by 
George  Cruiksbank. 

Cherville's  First  Steps  to  French, 
essential  to  and  in  harmony  with  all 
Grammars. 

Walton's  Calculator's  Sure  Guide. 

New  System  of  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cine.   By  Mr.  Brookes,  Surgeon. 

Coi.burn's  Modern  Novelists  is  pub- 
lishing in  weekly  Numbers,  commencing 
with  Bulwers  Pelham. 

CIRCULATION  OF  THE  LONDON  JOURNALS. 

An  official  return  has  been  published 
of  the  number  of  stamps  issued  for  the 
use  of  the  different  journals  of  the  metro, 
polis,  from  June  30,  1833,  to  June  30, 
183.5.  distinguishing  the  issue  of  each  half 
year,  from  the  former  period.  At  the 
head  of  the  list,  in  point  of  numbers, 
stands  the  Times  ;  though  there  has  been 
an  evident  falling  off  in  the  extent  of  its 
circulation,  during  the  four  half-years 
which  the  return  embraces.  The  next  is 
the  Morning  Herald;  then  comes  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  which  of  late  has 
greatly  increased  ;  and  after  that  the 
Morning  Advertiser.  The  Courier  and 
Globe  the  two  leading  evening  papers  on 
the  liberal  side,  have,  during  the  last  two 

J rears,  been  regularly  decreasing  in  circu- 
ation ;  whilst,  on  the  other  hand,  the  St. 
James's  Chronicle  and  the  Staudard  have, 
during  the  same  period,  increased  their 
yearly  sale  by  upwuid*  of  100,000;  tLe 
whole  number  of  these  two  papers  annu- 
ally printed  (although  the  St.  James's 
Chronicle  is  published  only  three  times 
a  week},  exceeding  the  united  circula- 


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1835. J      Circulation  of  the  London  Journals  — Public  Petitions.  533 


tion  of  the  daily  Globe  and  Courier 
by  no  less  a  number  than  135,000.  The 
True  Sun,  the  organ  of  the  ultra-ra- 
dical and  republican  party,  has  fallen  off 
from  31 9.000  to  229.000.  The  following 
alphabetical  summary  will,  however,  afford 
the  best  idea  of  the  comparative  circula- 
tion of  the  different  journals  of  (he  me- 
tropolis, during  the  latter  half  year  of 
1833  and  the  first  half  year  of  1835  j 
though,  when  two  or  more  papers  are  pub- 
lished by  the  same  proprietor,  the  exact 
number  for  each  cannot  be  distinguished. 


Titles  of  Newspapers. 


1833. 
July  to 
Dec.  in- 
clusive. 


1833. 
Jan.  to 
June  in- 
clusive. 


Albion  and  Star  (daily) 

Aee  

Atlas  .... 
Bell's  Weekly  Messenger 
Bell's  New  Weekly  Mes- 
sender  .... 
Bent's  Literary  Advertiser 
Courier  (daily)  . 
County  Chronicle  ;  County 
Herald  .... 
Court  Journal ;  Naval  and 
Military  Gazette      .  . 
Christian  Advocate  . 
Cobbett's  Political  Register 
Circular  to  Bankers  . 
Course  of  the  Exchange 
English  Gen  " 
Examiner 
Financial 

Record  .... 
Globe  and  Traveller  (daily) 
General  Advertiser  for  Town 

and  Country 
John  Bull  .... 
London  Gazette 
London  Mercantile  Journal 
London  Mercantile  Prices 
Current  .... 
London  New  Prices  Cur- 
rent .... 
Literary  Gazette  . 
Law  Chronicle  ;  Law  Gazette 
Morning  Advertiser  {daily) 
Morning  Chronicle  (daily) ; 

Evening  Chronicle  . 
Morning  Herald(rfaw»;  Eng 
lish  Chronicle  . 


114,000 

308,000 
65,000 
293,000 

118,000 
4,650 


130,000 
275,000 
60,000 


98,590 

1.9201 
537,000 


124,500 

eiyxto 


2,250 

6,9»1 
18,006 

3,1j0 
610,000 


133,000 
7,000 
247,000 

65.000 

57,460 
47,100 
28,250 
7,000 
3,120 
7,000 
91,300 

1,968 
483,000 

56,000 
128,090 
70,000 


1,500 

35 
13,850 
2,800 
642,250 


773,219  953,500 


New 


Morning  Post  (daily) 
Mark-lane  Express  ; 
Fanner's  Journal  . 

News  .... 

Nicholson's  Commercial 
Gazette 

Observer;  Bell's  Life  in 
London 

Old  England  ;  Cnited  Ser- 
vice Gazette ;  .Surrey 
Standard 

Patriot  .... 

Perry's  Bankrupt  and  Insol- 
vent Gazette  . 

Public  Ledger  (daily) 

Record  .... 

Racing  Calendar 

St.^  James's  Chronicle ; 
Standard  (daily) ;  I /union 
Packet;  London  Weekly 

„  Journal 

San  (daily)  .  . 

Sunday  Times;  Essex  and 
Hen*  Mercury 


1,286,500  1,187,005 
367,000 


318,5001 

31,9701 
49,000 

18,050 


39,000 


7,155 

121,000 
13,925 


727,000 
289,000 

181,0001 


33,600 
38,750 

23,500 

452,125 


107,000 
75,000 

6,955 
68,500 
128,000 
10,775 


865,000 
395,000 

200,000 


1833.  | 
27,000 


49,500 


Sunday  Herald  and  United 
Kingtlom,  &c. 

Spectator;  Municipal  Cor- 
poration Reformer 

Satirist  .... 

The  Times  (daily) ;  Evening 
Mail         .      .      .      T  1,779,491 

True  Sun  (daily) ;  Weekly 
True  Sun         .      .      .  287,000 

Universal  Corn  Reporter  5,000 

Watchman 

Weekly  Dispatch  .  740,642 

Weekly  (New)  Dispatch  and 
British  Liberator    .  . 


44,775 
63,000 


1,406,997 

229,000 
2.613 
70,000 
815,C 


PUBLIC  PETITIONS. 

The  number  of  Petitions  on  Public 
Mutters,  presented  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  Session  1835,  nmourits  to  4,061, 
and  they  relate  to  363  different  subjects. 
We  give  our  readers  a  statement  of  the 
number  of  Petitions  and  their  signatures, 
with  reference  to  some  of  the  chief  sub- 
jects which  engnged  the  attention  of  Par- 
liament in  the  last  Session,  divided  into 
the  following  classes : 

I.  Parliament  : — For  removal  of  the 
late  administration,  petitions  3,  signa- 
tures 15,4^0 ;  for  the  adoption  of  vote  by 
ballot,  petitions  32,  signatures  19,275;  for 
a  commission  to  inquire  into  the  Dub- 
lin City  election,  petitions  3,  signatures 
19,201 ;  complaining  of  bribery  at  Great 
Yarmouth  election,  petitions  3,  signa- 
tures 2,679;  for  preserving  the  rights  of 
each  branch  of  the  legislature,  petitions 
19,  signatures  10,869;  for  rendering  ineli- 
gible the  recorder  of  Dublin,  petition  1, 
signatures  23,092 ;  for  revision  of  the  re- 
gistry in  Ireland,  petitions  6,  signatures 
1,945;  complaining  of  attempts  to  invali- 
date the  oath  of  Roman  Catholic  mem- 
bers, petitions  2,  signatures  2,318;  against 
Stafford  borough  disfranchisement  bill, 
petitions  2,  signatures  1,043;  for  stop- 
ping the  supplies  petitions  2,  signatures 
3,215;  complaining  of  bribery  at  York 
City  election,  petitions  2,  signatures  108. 

II.  Ecclesiastical: — For  abolishing 
burial  fees,  petitions  2,  signatures  105; 
complaining  of  the  imprisonment  of  John 
Childs,  petitions  21,  signatures  5,501;  for 
repeal  of  the  law  of  church  patronage  in 
Scotland,  petitions  6,  signatures  2,090; 
for  abolishing  church  rates,  petitions  3, 
signatures  1,573;  in  support  of  the  church 
of  Scotland,  and  for  additional  endow- 
ment, petitions  754,  signatures  192,229; 
against  any  grunt  to  the  church  of  Scot- 
land, petitions  327,  signatures  129,493; 
church  of  Ireland  bill,  against,  petitions 
109,  signatures  105,202;  in  favour,  peti- 
tion! 15,  signatures  12,044;  against  dis- 
senters' marriages  bill,  petitions  8,  signa- 
tures 1,846;  against  ecclesiastical  courts 
bill,   petitions   IT t,  signatures  11,401; 


Digitized  by  doOQic 


$34  Literary  Intelligence.— Public  Petitions.  [Nov. 


Lord's  day  observance  bill,  in  favour,  pe- 
titions 65,  signatures  8,835 ;  against,  pe- 
titions 14-,  signatures  351  ;  for  relief  to 
Protestant  dissenters,  petitions  4,  signa- 
tures 91 1  ;  against  registration  of  births 
(Scotland)  bill,  petitions  3,  signatures 
287 ;  for  a  more  equal  distribution  of  re- 
giura  douum,  petitions  2,  signatures  470; 
tithes,  for  abolition,  petitions  6,  signatures 
1,000;  for  commutation,  petitions  13, 
signatures  493;  tithes,  (Ireland)  for  abo- 
lition, petitions  44,  signatures  36,786; 
for  re-valuation,  petitions  15,  signatures 
2,188. 

III.  Colonies  -.  —  For  redress  of  griev- 
ances in  Lower  Canada,  petitions  6,  sig- 
natures 19,503;  for  inquiry  into  the  Caf- 
fre  irruption  in  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
petitions  2,  signatures?;  clandestine  emi- 
gration, petition  1,  signatures  969;  for 
inquiry  into  the  conduct  of  General  Dar- 
ling, petitions  5,  signatures  104;  compen- 
sation to  officers  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, petitions  9,  signatures  293;  for 
equalizing  duties  on  East  and  West  In- 
dia produce,  petition  6,  signatures  260; 
for  a  representative  assembly  in  New 
Soutb  Wales,  petition  1 ,  signatures  5,652; 
for  redress  of  grievances  in  Newfound- 
land, petitions  1,  signatures  4,823;  Ro- 
man Catholic  clergy  in  India,  petition  I, 
signatures  1,195;  for  inquiry  into  the 
operation  of  the  slavery  abolition  act,  pe- 
titions 4,  signatures  610. 

IV.  Taxes: — Attorneys'  certificates, 
petitions  9,  signatures  205 ;  for  repeal  of 
the  corn  laws,  petitions  2,  signatures  148  ; 
for  relief  from  county  rates,  petitions  13, 
signatures  239;  glass,  petitions  4,  signa- 
tures I.OU  ;  malt,  petitions  123,  signa- 
tures 33,245;  against  manure  toll  ex- 
emption bill,  petitions  3,  signatures  24 ; 
in  favour  of  music  and  dancing  licenses 
bill,  petitions  4.  signatures  520;  news- 
paper stamps,  for  repeal  of  duty,  petitions 
142,  signatures  57,818 ;  against  repeal  of 
duty,  petitions  2,  signatures  30;  paper 
duties  (Ireland),  petition  1,  signatures 
1,006;  post  horse  duties,  for  repeal,  peti- 
tions 4,  signatures  144 ;  for  abolition  of 
the  system  of  farming,  petitions  12,  sig- 
natures 423;  rating  of  tenements,  peti- 
tions 4,  signatures  567;  reciprocity  of  du- 
ties acts,  petitions  7,  signatures  947  ;  spirit 
licenses,  petitions  280,  signatures  13,407  ; 
stage  carriages,  petitions  3,  Hgnatures 
182;  stamps  on  receipts,  petitions  8,  sig- 
natures 3,070 ;  timber  duties,  for  reduc- 
tion, petitions  3,  signatures  809 ;  against 
alteration,  petitions  41,  signatures  6,173; 
for  repeal  of  duty  on  windows,  petitious 
19,  signatures  7,179. 

V.  Mi9ci:llam.ol  s  :  —  Against  Aber- 
deen universities  bill,  petitions  30,  signa- 
tures 928;  agricultural  distress,  petitious 


78,  signatures  33,279 ;  in  favour  of  ar- 
restment of  wages  ( Scotland)  bill,  peti- 
tions 8,  signatures  13,353;  bonded  wheat, 
petitions  5,  signatures  121 ;  bonding  ware- 
houses, petitions  9,  signatures  324  ;  dis- 
tress (Ireland),  petitions  3,  signatures 
1,037;  Dorchester  unionists  petitions  96, 
signatures  154.447;  drunkenness,  peti- 
tions 78,  signatures  28  070;  education 
( Scotland),  petitions  4,  signatures  1,(160; 
education  (Ireland),  petitions  5,  signa- 
tures 1,300;  factories'  regulation  act,  pe- 
titions 52,  signatures  36,247;  fisheries 
(Ireland),  petitions  5,  signatures  1.083; 
game  laws  (  Scotland)  petitions  5,  signa- 
tures 1,280;    hand-loom  weavers,  for 
boards  of  trade,  petitions  76,  signatures 
74,253;  impressment  of  seamen,  petitions 
4,  signatures  4,219;  imprisonment  for 
debt  bill,  in  favour,  petitions  13,  signa- 
tures 760;  against,  petitions  46,  signa- 
tures 9,324;  suggesting  alterations,  peti- 
tions 8,  signatures  719,  against  impri- 
sonment for  debt  (Scotland)  bill,  petitions 
29,  signatures  6,292 ;  for  extending  its 
provisions,  petition  1,  signatures  6,492; 
in  favour  of  instruments  of  susine  (Scot- 
land) bill,  petitious  5,  signatures  277 ; 
against  lighthouses  bill,  petitions  7,  sig- 
natures 10 ;  for  renewal  of  linen  manu- 
factures ( Ireland)  act,  petitions  11,  signa- 
tures 1,103;  merchant  shipping,  petitions 
7,  signatures  1,786;  municipal  corpora- 
tions bill,  in  favour,  petitions  209,  signu- 
260,129;  against,  petitions  88,  signatures 
26,334;  municipal  corporations  (Ireland) 
bill,  in  favour,  petitions  4,  signatures 
20,202;  against,  petitions  6,  signatures 
129;  for  inquiry  into  orange  lodges,  peti- 
tions 4,  signatures  823:   Polish  exiles, 
petitions  5,  signatures  1,795;  poor  law 
amendment  act,  petitious  26,  signature* 
16,417;  poor  laws  (Ireland) petitions  15, 
signatures  27,665;  lor  placing  retailers  ol 
beer  on  a  footing  with  licensed  victuallers, 
petitious  12,  signatures  34,564;  against 
seamen  enlistment  bill,  petitions  10,  sig- 
natures 4,046;  for  alteration  of  weights 
and  measures  act,  petitions  10,  signatures 
812. 

OXFORD  UNIVERSITY. 

The  late  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Dennis  Denver 
bequeathed  a  sum  of  money  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  in  order  to  found  Two 
Prizes  of  30/.  each  for  the  two  best  Dis- 
courses in  English  on  certain  theological 
subjects.  By  a  decree  of  the  High  Court 
of  Chancery  the  sum  so  bequeathed  by 
Mrs.  Denver  escheated  to  his  Majesty, 
who  has  since  been  graciously  plea<cd  to 
grant  the  same  to  the  University  by  his 
Koyal  warrant,  directing  that  "  the  "divi- 
dends thereof  shall  be  every  year  sup- 
plied in  equal  moieties  to  two  members  of 
the  University  for  two  several  Prize  Dis- 


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1835.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


535 


sertations  in  English,  to  be  composed  on 
some  of  the  subjects  named  in  the  will  of 
the  late  Mrs.  E   D.  Denyer,  such  two 
subjects  to  be  selected  yearly,  and  the 
prizes  in  respect  of  such  dissertations  to 
be  adjudged  by  the  Vice  Chancellor,  the 
two  Divinity  Professor;*,  and  the  two 
Proctors  for  the  time  being."    And  his 
Majesty  further  directed  that  the  persons 
who  shall  be  entitled  to  write  for  the  said 
prizes,  shall  be  **  in  Deacon's  orders  at 
least,  and  shall  on  the  last  day  appointed 
for  the  delivery  of  the  compositions  to  the 
Registrar  of  the  University,  have  entered 
on  the  eighth  and  not  exceeded  the  tenth 
year  from  their  matriculation,  and  also 
that  the  compositions  to  which  the  prizes 
shall  be  from  time  to  time  adjudged  shall 
be  read  in  the  Divinity  school  on  some 
dav  in  full  term,  to  be  fixed  by  the  Vice 
Chancellor."    The  Declaration  of  Trust 
was  approved  by  Convocation,  and  the 
University  seal  affixed  to  the  same,  on  the 
2d  day  or  April,  1835. 

The  Subjects  for  the  year  1836  are — 
"  On  the  Doctrine  of  Finth  in  the  Holy 
Trinity." — On  the  Sufficiency  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  for  the  Salvation  of 
Man." 

The  Compositions  are  to  be  sent  under 
a  sealed  cover  to  the  Registrar  of  the 
University  on  or  before  Tuesday,  the  1st 
of  March,  1836. 

KING'S  COLLEGE,  LONDON. 

On  the  opening  of  the  Session,  an  in- 
troductory lecture  was  delivered  by  Pro- 
fessor  Dale  on  the  English  Language 
and  Literature.    The  Professor  having 
traced  the  various  changes  which  the 
English  language  had  undergone,  said 
that  the  nation  at  last  found  itself  in  the 
possession  of  a  language,  which,  though 
abounding  with  irregularities  which  set 
all  system  ut  defiance,  was  still,  in  its 
operation,  equal  to  the  Latin,  and  in  its 
copiousness  not  inferior  to  the  Greek — it 
was  a  language  resembling  an  anonymous 
metal,  which  the  ancients  called  <vs  Co- 
rinthium — a  language  which,  like  our  own 
Constitution,  was  a  mixture  of  discordant 
elements.     Although  made   to  accord 
with  the  Latin,  its  genius  and  structure 
was  much  more  similar  to  the  Greek.  In 
proof  of  this  statement,  the  Professor 
read  various  extracts  from  Shakspeare, 
showing  that  even  the  vulgarisms  of  the 
present  day,  were  in  the  time  of  the 
"immortal  Bard"  in  constant  use  amongst 
the  Nobility.    After  some  further  ob- 
servations  respecting  the  mode  of  in. 
struct  ion,  the  Professor  concluded  amidst 
the  loud  applause  of  u  numerous  and  re* 
spectablc  audience. 


LONDON  UNIVERSITY. 

Oct.  I  I.  The  Session  wa§  opened  with 
an  introductory  lecture  by  Professor  Key, 
on  the  construction  of  the  Latin  lan- 
gUHge.  In  his  preliminary  observations 
the  Professor  congratulated  the  pro- 
prietary and  his  audience  on  the  pleasant 
prospects  before  them.  He  referred  to 
the  foundation  of  a  great  metropolitan 
University  by  the  liberality  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's  government,  and  hailed  it  as  the 
period  when  religious  and  political  dis- 
tinctions should  form  no  bar  to  academic 
education.  The  proposition  had  been  fa- 
vourably received  by  those  of  the  pro- 
prietary who  were  in  town,  and  he  had  no 
doubt  that  when  the  opinion  of  the  whole 
was  acquired,  that  of  the  majority  would 
be  in  its  favour.  A  few  weeks  would 
solve  the  question,  and  would,  he  anti- 
cipated, see  an  University  established 
worthy  the  metropolis  and  the  nation, 
and  in  which  Catholic  and  Protestant, 
Jew,  Unitarian,  and  Dissenter,  would  be 
admitted  without  distinction  of  religious 
creed. 

MAYNOOTH  COLLEGE. 

By  a  return  to  a  late  order  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  it  appears  that  the  sums  of 
money  voted  to  the  College  of  Maynooth 
during  the  last  five  years,  annual  amount, 
was  uniformly  8,f)28/.  with  the  exception 
of  the  prant  for  the  year  ending  31st 
March  last,  which  amounted  to  8,9787.  ; 
50/.  additional  to  the  grant  of  former  years. 
Total  amount  in  five  years,  44,690/.  The 
number  of  Professors  employed  during 
the  last  five  years,  and  their  respective 
salaries,  are  as  follow:  The  Prefect  of 
the  Dunboyne  Establishment,  First  Pro- 
fessor of  Theology,  Second  ditto,  ditto, 
Third  ditto,  ditto,  Professor  of  Sacred 
Scripture  and  Hebrew,  each  122/. ;  ditto 
of  Mathematics  arid  Experimental  Phi- 
losophy, ditto  of  Logic,  Metaphysics, 
and  Ethics,  ditto  of  Rhetoric,  ditto  of 
Humanity,  ditto  of  English  Elocution 
and  French,  ditto  of  Irish,  112/  each; 
ditto  of  Declamation,  about  a  month  each 
year,  21/. 

LITERARY  INST1TITION8. 

The  new  building  erected  at  the  foot  of 
Staines  Bridge  is  intended  for  a  Scientific 
and  Literary  Institution.  It  is  now  nearly 
roofed  in,  and  will  be  completed  by  next 
Christmas.  It  consists  of  a  spacious 
theatre  for  lectures  and  two  smaller 
rooms;  and  will  open  on  the  1st  of  Ja- 
nuary 1836,  the  anniversary  of  the  esta- 
blishment of  the  society. 

At  Neath,  a  Scientific  Institution  has 
been  formed,  which  calls  forth  a  course  of 
lectures  from  the  Rev.   W.  D.  Cony- 


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536  Literary  and  Scien 

beare,  F.R.S  on  that  very  important 
subject  (especially  in  Wales;,  Geology. 

At  tbe  Islington  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Society,  the  following  arrangement* 
have  been  made  for  the  Lectures: — 

Nov.  5  and  12,  Zoology,  by  Dr.  Grant. 

Nov.  10  and  20,  the  Early  English 
Poets,  by  C.  C.  Clarke,  Esq. 

Dec.  3,  the  Commerce  of  Ancient 
Egypt,  by  J.  W.  Gilbart,  Esq. 

Dec.  10  and  17,  the  Early  English 
Poeta,  by  C.  C.  Clarke,  Esq. 

Dec.  31,  Jan.  7,  IK  and  21,  Astro- 
nomy,  by  John  Wallace,  Esq. 

Feb.  4  and  11,  Zoology,  by  Dr.  Grant. 

The  annual  meeting  will  be  on  J  an. 28. 

A  Literary  Institution  is  on  the  eve  of 
being  established  in  the  extensive  borough 
of  Lambeth,  of  which  it  is  expected  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  will  be  the 
leading  patron.  Mr.  Hawes  also,  as  the 
representative  of  the  borough,  is  extend- 
ing his  influence  and  support  towards  the 
success  of  the  undertaking. 

UNITED  SERVICE  Ml'8El*M. 

This  interesting  institution  has  during 
the  past  summer  been  making  satisfactory 
progress  in  all  the  departments  which  it 
embraces.  Considerable  progress  has  been 
made  in  the  library  department,  which  in- 
creases in  interest  amongst  the  members. 
The  experiment  with  the  lectures  in  the 
early  part  of  the  season  was  sufficiently 
successful  as  to  leave  no  doubt  but  that 
the  Council  will  be  anxious  to  continue 
them.  Amongst  these  was  a  lecture  on 
tbe  physical  geography  of  Africa,  by 
Capt.  Maconochie  ;  on  the  magnetism  of 
the  earth,  by  Dr.  Ritchie ;  on  improve- 
ments in  steam  navigation,  by  Lieut.  Wall, 
R.N. ;  and  on  gaseous  chemistry,  by  Mr. 
R.  Phillips.  The  number  of  visitors 
during  the  present  was,  however,  less 
than  in  the  preceding  year.  From  the 
5th  of  August,  1833,  to  the  5th  of  Au- 
gust, 1834,  there  were  3,386  visitors  and 
6,096  members  ;  and  from  the  latter  date 
to  the  5th  of  August,  1835,  3,016  visitors 
and  5,765  members.  Amongst  the  pre- 
sents recently  added  to  the  collection  is  a 
model  of  a  Parsee  sepulchre  and  tomb  of 
silence,  from  Vice- Admiral  Sir  John 
Gore.  From  the  translation  of  an  in- 
scription engraved  on  the  front  slab,  it 
appears  that  "  the  sepulchre  was  erected 
by  Framjce  Cowarjee  Byramjee  Beu. 
magee  us  directed  in  the  laws  of  bis 
prophet  Zurtosht,  and  dedicated  to  the 
memory  of  his  late  and  ever-lamented 
daughter  Dunboyee,  who  departed  this 
life  the  4th  of  May,  1831.  The  tomb  of 
silence  was  constructed  with  the  joint 
money  belonging  to  the  said  deceased,  as 
well  as  of  her  surviving  mother  Bachoo- 
11 


ific  Intelligence.  [Nov. 

boyee  and  ber  sisters.  The  spot  of 
ground  for  such  purpose  was  granted  by 
Bachooboyee,  tbe  widow  of  the  Selt  Ar- 
daseer  Dabybhery,  containing 3,568  square 
yards.  The  foundation  ceremony  was  per- 
formed on  the  3d  of  June,  1831,  and  by 
tbe  Divine  Blessing  it  was  completed  oa 
tbe  5th  dav  of  the  8th  Kuddyroee,  and 
8th  Rusmee  month,  in  the  year  12UI 
Yesdejird,  or  3d  of  May,  in  the  year  of 
Christ  1832."  Sir  John  Gore  has  also 
contributed  a  series  of  models  of  im- 
plements of  husbandry  used  by  tbe  natives 
of  the  Deccan  in  Hindostan,  and  there  has 
been  also  recently  contributed  a  Malay 
Jingal  (coat  of  arms),  and  various  im- 
plements of  war  taken  from  one  of  the 
piratical  proas  destroyed  by  the  boats  of 
his  Majesty's  ship  Harrier,  under  com- 
mand of  Lieutenant  Wright,  at  Arroa 
Islands,  straits  of  Malacca,  April  1834. 

LITERARY  STATISTICS. 

From  a  report  published  by  tbe  official 
organ  in  Germany,  it  appears  that  the 
annual  sale  of  books  in  that  country 
amounts  to  21,500,000  francs  (800,000/.) 
About  forty  years  ago  Germany  con- 
tained only  300  bookselling  establish, 
roents;  in  1833  tbe  number  bad  iis- 
creased  to  1,09+.  In  valuing  tbe  po- 
pulation of  the  different  circles  of  the 
Confederation  at  38,266,000,  we  may- 
reckon  one  library  to  122,222  inha- 
bitants ;  while  in  Prussia  tbe  proportion 
is  1  to  33,899. 

In  France,  the  number  of  literary  pro- 
ductions, which  it  appears  quadrupled 
itself  from  1814  to  1826,  increased  two- 
fold from  1826  to  1828.  At  this  period 
the  number  of  works  published  in  r  ranee 
was  7,616;  in  1830,  6,739;  in  1831, 
6,063;  and  in  1833,  7,011. 

During  1834,  there  were  imported  into 
Russia  300,000  volumes  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, which  is  20,000  more  than  in 
1833  There  were  published  728  na- 
tional works,  and  116  translations,  ex- 
clusive of  48  periodical  journals.  In 
these  publications  are  not  included  1 13,200 
copies  of  different  books  for  instruction. 

In  England,  the  commercial  rvalue  of 
literary  works  amounted,  in  1828,  to  the 
sum  of  33t,450f.  and  in  1 833  to  415.300/. ; 
and  adding  to  this  the  amount  of  daily  and 
weekly  papers,  reviews,  and  magazines, 
the  general  sale  of  English  literature  in 
1833  may  be  estimated  at  the  large  sum 
of  2,420,900/.  sterling. 

THE  COMET. 

This  erratic  visitor  has  swept  through 
the  heavens  from  north-east  to  south- 
west, during  the  month  of  October,  with 
amazing  rapidity,  and  now  almost  ceases 
to  be  visible  to  the  naked  eye.  The 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


537 


weather  has  been  extremely  unpropitious 
for  astronomical  observation  during  the 
whole  month,  and  the  comet  could  only 
be  observed  at  intervals.    The  evening  of 
Saturday,  the  10th  of  October,  was  the 
first  time  when  it  became  a  conspicuous 
object  to  the  naked  eye.    It  was  then 
within  a  degree  or  two  of  dubki,  the 
northern  pointer  in  the  Great  Bear,  but 
was  observed  to  pass  rapidly  to  the  west 
of  that  star  during  the  evening.    Its  ap- 
pearance as  to  size  was  much  the  same  as 
the  star  above  alluded  to,  but  nothing 
equal  to  it  in  lustre,  having  a  rather  hazy 
and  dull  appearance,  with  no  indication, 
to  the  naked  eye,  of  a  tail.    The  right 
ascension  of  the  comet  this  evening  was 
the  same  as  it  was  expected  to  have  (ac- 
cording  to  the  calculations  of  Pontl- 
coulant,)  on  the  5th  inst.;  and  its  de- 
clination seemed  to  be  about  10  degrees 
higher  than  its  path,  as  laid  down  by  that 
celebrated  astronomer.    Hence  then  up 
to  the  10th  of  October  we  had  a  mistake 
of  only  about  five  days  in  a  period  of 
nearly  76  years.    On  Sunday  evening  the 
comet  got  nearly  into  a  line  with  the  two 
lure  wheels  of  the  train,  the  northern- 
most of  which  being  nearly  at  equal  dis- 
tances from  the  southern  wheel  and  the 
comet.     This   was  the  period  of  its 
nearest  approach  to  the  earth,  being 
about  twenty-two  millions  of  miles  dis- 
tant, and  travelling  at  the  rate  of  two 
hundred  arid  forty  thousand  miles  per 
hour,  »o  that  every  hour's  trip  would  carry 
it  over  a  space  equal  in  distance  to  that 
between  the  earth  and  moon,  or  round 
the  circumference  of  this  globe  in  about 
six  minutes  of  time.    On  Monday  eve- 
ning it  had  advanced  to  the  second  horse 
in  the  team,  with  much  the  same  appear- 
ance as  on  the  previous  evenings.  After 
having  cleared  the  Great  Bear,  on  the 
succeeding  night  it  grazed  the  hand  and 
head  of  Bootes,  touched  the  northern 
crown,  crossed  the  shoulders,  and  traversed 
diagonally  the  whole  person  of  Opi- 
uchus,  with  a  gradual  incurvation  west- 
ward.   On  the  16th  it  passed  its  peri- 
helion, while  in  the  eastern  knee  of  the 
last* mentioned  constellation. 

ORBIT  OF  THE  SUN. 

A  curious  paper  by  Mr.  Bird,  was  read 
at  the  recent  meeting  of  the  British  As- 
sociation at  Dublin,  on  the  motion  of  the 
Sun  through  the  universe.  After  observing 
that  the  Sun's  motion  through  space,  and 
his  direction  towards  the  constellation 
Hercules,  were  discovered  by  Dr.  Hers- 
chel,  be  stated  that  he  was  not  aware  that 
astronomers  bad  ascertained  whether  the 
motion  is  rectilinear  or  curvilinear.  He 
considered  it  highly  probable  that  the 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


motion  is  curvilinear ;  and,  in  order 
to  point   out  the  phenomena  conse- 
quent on  such  a  motion,  he  exhibited  a 
diagram,  from  which  it  appeared  that  each 
fixed  star  would  describe  a  small  curve  in 
the  heavens,   the  extent  and   form  of 
which  would  depend  on  the  distance  of 
the  star  from  the  sun,  and  the  form  of 
the  solar  orbit.    If  we  conceive,  said  the 
author,  a  star  situated  on  the  solstitial 
colure  Capricorn,  near  which  the  constel- 
lation Hercules  is  situated,  and  towards 
which  the  sun  is  advancing,  the  north 
polar  distance  of  such  a  star  will  diminish 
during  the  progress  of  the  sun  in  this 
direction  :  after  the  sun  has  attained  bis 
furthest  point  from  the  centre  of  his 
orbit  in  this  direction,  and  as  he  pro- 
ceeds towards  the  colure  Aries,  the  north 
polar  distance  of  the  star  increases :  the 
star  has  also  a  retrograde  motion  in  right 
ascension ;  its  maximum  north  polar  dis- 
tance takes  place  when  the  sun  arrives  at 
the  colure  Cancer,  when  the  star  is  again 
situated  on  the  colure  Capricorn;  and 
its  maximum  right  ascension  towards 
Aries  is  observed  when  the  sun  reaches 
the  colure  Libra.   These  phenomena  Mr. 
Bird  described  as  resulting  from  a  curvi- 
linear motion  of  the  sun  through  space; 
and  referred  to  the  tables  of  the  proper 
motions  of  the  fixed  stars,  according  to 
Dr.  Maskelync,  from  which  it  appeared 
that  the  great  number  of  stars  situated 
near  the  colure  (Capricorn  are  decreasing 
in  north  polar  distance,  while  those  situ- 
ated near  Cancer  are  increasing ;  most  of 
the  stars  between  Cancer  and  Capricorn 
are  retrograding  in  right  ascension,  while 
those  situated  between  Capricorn  and 
Cancer  are  mostly  increasing.  These  ap- 
pearances, the  author  observed,  perfectly 
agree  with  the  supposition  of  a  circular 
orbit;  there  were  some  exceptions,  but 
these,  he  conceived,  were  accounted  for 
by  the  supposition  that  not  only  the  sun, 
but  the  stars  themselves  move,  and  it  is 
highly  probable  that  the  direction  in 
which  some  move  may  occasion  them  to 
uppear  to  proceed  in  a  contrary  direction 
to  the  others.    The  subject,  he  consi- 
dered, demanded  the  attention  of  astro- 
nomers, as  it  is  calculated  to  throw  con- 
siderable light  on  the  parallax  of  the  fixed 
stars. 

MILES  COVEBDALE'8  BIBLE. 

Oct.  4*.  This  being  the  anniversary  of 
the  third  century  since  the  translation  of 
the  Scriptures  by  Miles  Coverdale,  ap- 
propriate sermons  and  discourses  were 
delivered  in  nearly  all  the  Protestant 
churches  and  chapels  throughout  the  king- 
dom, in  commemoration  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, and  the  publication  of  the  Holy 
3Z 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


538 


Literary  Intelligence. — Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Nor. 


Scripture*  in  the  English  language. — In 
the  British  Museum  there  is  a  copy  of 
Miles  Coverdnle's  Bible.  It  is  in  excel- 
lent preservation,  and  is  a  small  folio, 
printed  in  the  black  letter.  After  the 
hooks  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments 
those  of  the  Apocrypha  ore  inserted,  with 
this  introduction!: — u  The  bokes  and 
treatises  which  amonge  the  fathers  of 
olde  are  not  retened  to  be  of  like  autho- 
ritie  with  the  other  bokes  of  the  Byble, 
neither  are  they  foundc  in  the  Canon  of 
the  Hebrew."  The  volume  contains 
many  curious  engravings. 

In  the  Chapter  Library  of  Gloucester 
Cathedral  there  is  also  a  copy  of  Cover- 
dale's  Bible,  and,  it  seems,  in  better  con- 
dition than  most  of  those  in  other  public 
libraries.  Of  seven  mentioned  by  Dr. 
Cotton,  that  in  the  British  Museum  is 
the  only  one  that  has  the  title-page.  The 
Bodleian  copy  is  said  to  be  by  far  the 
finest.  In  the  dedication  to  King  Henry 
the  Eighth  some  copies  have  the  name  of 
Anne,  some  that  of  Jane  coupled  with 
the  King's.  The  copy  at  Gloucester  has 
Anne,  and  the  title-page  is  perfect.  Lord 
Spencer  also  possesses  a  copy  of  Cover- 
dale's  Hible.  It  is  in  old  Russia  binding, 
wanting  only  the  original  printed  title 
within  the  borders  of  the  title-page.  We 
believe  the  Duke  of  Sussex  has  a  perfect 
copy,  likewise  the  Marquis  of  Northamp- 
ton, and  Mrs.  Smith,  of  Dulwich,  a  lady 
particularly  attached  to  the  collection  of 
ancient  English  Bibles. 

AFRICAN  DISCOVERY. 

Mr.  Davidson,  the  traveller,  has  quitted 
England  for  Gibraltar,  on  his  intended 
journey  to  explore  central  Africa.  He 
is  accompanied  by  Abon  Beekr  Sadiki 
Shereef.  This  extraordinary  person  is  a 
native  of  Timbuctoo,  ot  which  place  his 
father  was  governor;  one  of  his  uncles, 
Idrissa  Shereef,  being  governor  of  Jenne, 
and  another,  Abdrachman  Shereef,  go- 
vernor of  Kong.    Being  of  noble  family 


he  was  6ent  to  Jenne,  to  receive  the  rudi- 
ments of  his  education,  and  from  thence 
removed  to  Gournoo  to  learn  the  Koran. 
At  this  place,  during  one  of  the  petty 
wars,  he  was  made  prisoner,  and  was  car- 
ried to  a  small  place  called  Dago,  in 
Fantee  county,  and  there  sold  ;  thence  to 
Jamaica,  where  he  remained  in  slavery 
twenty-seven  years.  Being  much  above 
the  common  class,  he  was  never  put  to 
any  laborious  work,  but  his  employment 
was  that  of  a  clerk,  keeping  his  master*? 
accounts  in  Arabic ;  he  is  a  perfect  mas- 
ter of  that  language,  and  has  a  gr*2t 
knowledge  of  many  of  the  dialects  ot  the 
country,  with  an  extraordinary  recollec- 
tion of  the  population  of  the  various 
cities  and  towns.  Hearing  of  this  per- 
son from  Mr.  Madden,  Air.  Davidson 
sent  directions  that  be  should  be  provided 
with  a  passage  to  England  by  the  fiat 
opportunity  that  occurred,  and  that  all  his 
expenses  should  be  paid  on  arrivaL  He 
arrived  in  England  the  30th  June.  Mr. 
Davidson  intends  proceeding  by  a  course 
yet  untried  by  any  European  ;  and  with 
his  complete  knowledge  of  the  Mussul- 
man character,  he  has  perhaps  a  better 
chance  of  success.  Mr.  Davidson  is  well 
known  for  his  already  extensive  travels  in 
India,  Egypt,  Syria,  and  his  subsequent 
visit  to  Canada,  the  United  States,  and 
Mexico. 

ANATOMICAL  DISSECTION. 

A  Committee  of  the  Academy  of  Me- 
dicine in  Paris  has  lately  made  a  report 
on  a  new  method  for  preserving  dead  bo- 
dies for  the  dissecting-room.  It  consists 
in  injecting  the  arteries  with  twelve  or 
fifteen  quarts  of  a  dissolution  of  acetate 
of  alumine,  concentrated  to  twenty  de- 
grees. The  result  has  proved  most  satis- 
factory. Other  experiments  were  made 
with  sulphate  of  alumine,  and  with  its 
chlorate,  which  were  found  less  efficacious 
than  the  acetate. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


ANTIQUE  VASES. 

Twe've  antique  vases  of  extraordinary 
beauty,  and  some  of  them  of  a  much 
larger  size  than  any  before  known,  have 
lately  been  purchased  by  the  Neapolitan 
government,  at  a  moderate  price,  from 
Major  Lambert,  their  proprietor.  They 
were  dug  up  at  Pruvo,  in  the  district  of 
Bui),  in  Apulia.  No.  1  is  5  feet  in  height, 
and  2  feet (>  inches  in  the  largest  diameter; 
it  is  divided  into  compartments,  contain- 
ing 150  exquisitely  designed  figures  of 
men,  animals  of  various  kinds,  masks, 
ftc.    No.  2,  about  1  feet  high,  by  2  in 


diameter ;  with  73  figures,  and  a  Greek 
inscription.  No.  3,  3  feet  6  inches  ;  with 
25  figures,  and  3  Greek  inscriptions. 
Nos.  4  and  5,  2  feet  8  inches  high,  by  10 
inches  in  diameter  ;  with  37  figures :  and 
the  remainder  are  smaller,  but  very  beau- 
tiful. 

DISCOVERIES  IN  FRANCE. 

Workmen  have  for  a  Ion™  time  been 
employed  in  clearing  the  bed  of  the  river 
Bievre,  which  had  become  encumbered 
with  wind  in  many  places  to  the  depth  of 
five  feet,  and  at  the  bottom  of  which  has 
been  discovered  a  pavement  of  square 
stories,  evidently  of  great  antiquity.  In 


Digitized  by  GooqI 


1835.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


53!) 


the  interstices  some  of  the  men  employed 
found,  a  few  days  ago,  five  pieces  of  brass 
coin,  bearing  the  head  of  Julian  the  Apos- 
tate. 

A  bronze  rule  has  been  found  in  the 
forest  of  Maulevrier,  near  Caudebec ; 
said  MM.  Jomard  and  Walckenaer  have 
reported  to  the  Academic  des  Inscrip- 
tions, that  it  is  a  Roman  foot  rule,  on 
which  are  marked  the  various  measures  in 
use  in  the  years  2o3  to  268  of  the  Roman 
Empire. 

In  marking  a  new  sluice  to  the  citadel 
of  Calais,  an  ancient  vessel,  40  feet  in 
length,  12  in  breadth,  and  8  in  depth,  was 
discovered  in  the  ground ;  strongly  built, 
though  its  measurement  does  not  exceed 
80  tons,  and  it  has  evidently  ■  ever  been 
covered  with  a  deck.  Coins  were  found 
in  it  with  the  date  1219.  and  as  it  lay  12 
feet  below  the  foundations  of  the  inner 
wall  of  the  fortifications  erected  by  the 
Count  de  Boulogne,  it  is  to  be  presumed 
that  the  vessel  was  not  discovered  at  that 
period.  It  cannot  be  ascertained  whether 
H  was  ever  at  sea,  but  there  is  reason  to 
believe  it  was  erected  before  Calais  was 
made  a  regular  port,  and  when  the  sea 
ran  far  up  the  present  land. 

Several  tombs  were  discovered  last 
year  at  Monzie  St.  Martin,  Dordogne,  the 
most  remarkable  circumstance  attending 
which  is,  that  the  heads  of  the  skeletons 
were  placed  on  a  heap  of  seeds  contained 
in  a  cavity  left  in  the  cement,  large  enough 
to  contain  the  occiput.  These  seeds  huve 
been  sown,  and  from  them  have  been 
raised  the  Heliotropium  Europtrum,  Mcdi- 
cago  cupulina,  and  Crntaurea  cyamtu. 
This  circumstanre  confirms  the  opinion 
lately  advanced  by  several  physiologists, 
that  certain  vegetables  preserve  their 
germinating  power  for  an  indefinite  period, 
if  kept  out  of  the  reach  of  the  agents 
necessary  to  germination.  Some  of  these 
vegetables  arc,  birch,  nspen,  groundsel, 
rushes,  broom,  digitalis,  heaths,  &c. 

MEXICAN  ANTIQUITIES. 

Mr.  Waldeck  has  been  for  some  time 
investigating  the  remains  of  this  interest- 
ing country,  and  it  appears  with  some 
degree  of  success.  In  a  letter  recently 
received  from  him,  dated  Meridn,  June 
26,  he  says : — '*  The  edifices  which  I  have 
just  visited  at  Vahemal,  or  Vehemal,  are 
much  more  considerable  than  those  at 
Palenqu*.  The  variety  of  ornaments 
(all  of  free-stone)  which  decorate  the 
extensive  facades  of  these  monuments  is 
w  great,  that  two  years  will  hardly  suffice 
fairly  to  draw  them  ;  and  the  expense  of 
cutting  down  the  trees  will,  in  conse- 
quence of  their  closeness,  be  large ;  but. 
certainly,  I  have  never  seen  any  thing 


more  beautiful  since  my  arrival  in  tbc 
Mexican  Republic;  and  I  am  the  first 
European  by  whom  they  have  been  ap- 
proached. The  work  which  I  have 
accomplished  at  Palanque  is  fine ;  but 
that  which  I  am  now  undertaking  will  be 
superior  to  it,  in  consequence  of  the  high 
preservation  of  the  buildings,  the  singu- 
larity of  the  architecture,  the  richness  of 
the  sculptures,  the  indications  of  religious 
worship,  &c.  &c 

ARBROATH  ABBEY. 

As  some  workmen  were  lately  employed 
in  clearing  out  the  rubbish  from  the  ruins 
of  this  Abbey,  they  came  upon  a  stone 
coffin,  containing  the  skeleton  of  a  female, 
which  had  been  carefully  enveloped  in  a 
covering  of  leather.  This  must  have 
been  some  lady  of  rank  in  her  day ;  and 
it  has  been  set  down  as  the  remains  of 
the  Queen  of  William  the  Lion,  who,  as 
well  as  her  husband,  the  founder  of  the 
Abbey,  was  interred  here. 

CHURCH  OF  PERnANZABULO,  CORNWALL. 

The  north-western  coast  of  Cornwall 
has  been  overwhelmed,  to  a  considerable 
extent  and  depth,  with  sand  deposited  on 
the  shore  from  marine  currents,  and  then 
drifted  inland  by  the  winds.    In  the  pa- 
rish of  Perranzabulo  in  that  county,  the 
influx  of  the  sand  has  been  very  extensive, 
and   has  overwhelmed,  amongst  other 
buildings,  the  ancient  parish-church ;  an 
event  which  appears,  from  tradition,  to 
have  occurred  about  five  or  six  centuries 
ago.    A  small  portion  of  its  walls,  how- 
ever, has  long  been  visible  above  the  sand  ; 
and  the  interior  of  the  edifice  was  lately 
restored  to  light  by  Mr.  William  Michel I, 
of  Perranporth,  who  published  the  follow- 
ing description  of  it  in  a  provincial  news- 
paper.   It  **  wants  nothing  to  render  it  as 
complete  as  when  first  erected,  except  its 
roof  and  doors.  The  length  of  the  church, 
within  the  walls,  is  25  feet ;  without,  30  : 
the  breadth  within,  12)  feet ;  and  the 
height  of  the  walls  the  same.    At  the 
eastern  end  is  a   neat  altar  of  stone, 
covered  with  lime,  4  feet  long,  by  2$ 
wide,  and  3  feet  high.    Eight  inches 
above  the  centre  of  the  altar  is  a  recess  in 
the  wall,  in  which,  probably,  stood  n  cru- 
cifix; and,  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar, 
is  a  small  doorway.    The  chancel  was 
exactly  0  feet,  leaving  19  feet  for  the  con- 
gregation, who  were  accommodated  with 
stone  seats,  12  inches  wide  and  11  inches 
high,  attached  to  the  west,  north,  and 
south  walls  of  the  nave.    In  the  centre  of 
the  nave,  in  the  south  wall,  is  a  round- 
arched  doorway,  highly  ornamented,  7  feet 
\  inches  high,  by  2  feet  1  inches  wide. 
The  keystone  of  the  arch  projects  8 
inches,  on  which  is  rudely  sculptured  a 


Digitized  by  Gooole 


540 


Antiquarian  Retcarches. 


tiger's  bead.  The  floor  was  composed  of 
sand  and  lime,  under  which  bodies  were 
unquestionably  buried — the  skeletons  of 
two  having  been  discovered.  It  is  re- 
markable that  no  vestige  of  a  window  can 
be  found,  unless  a  small  aperture  on  the 
south  wall  of  the  chancel,  and  ten  feet 
above  the  floor,  be  considered  one.  It 
must  therefore  be  presumed  that  the  ser- 
vices were  performed  by  tbe  light  of 
tapers. *'  The  floor  is  already  again  deeply 
covered  with  the  sand ;  among  which, 
around  the  ruin,  human  bones  are  pro- 
fusely scattered. 

OITNELE  BRIDGE. 

In  repairing  Oundle  North  Bridge 
lately  a  stone  was  discovered  with  the 
following  inscription : — 44  In  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1570,  these  arches  were  borne 
down  by  tbe  waters'  extremetie.  In  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1571,  they  werebuilded 
again  with  lime  and  stone."  This  was 
the  '*  terrible  tempest"  mentioned  by 
Stow  in  his  Chronicle,  which  happened  on 
the  5th  of  October,  and  which,  among 
other  damage,  broke  Wansford  Bridge, 
(see  Thompson's  History  of  Boston.) 

ANCIENT  ENGLISH  COINS. 

Whilst  a  party  of  reapers  were  lately 
cutting  down  a  field  of  grain  in  tbe  parish 
of  Penningham,  Wigtounshire,  they  un- 
expectedly discovered  between  twelve  and 
fifteen  hundred  pieces  of  silver  coin—the 
majority  of  them  being  about  tbe  size  of 
a  sixpence,  some  larger.  Most  of  these 
(says  a  correspondent  of  the  Dumfries 
Courier)  proved  to  be  English  Coins  of 
Edward,  but  which  of  the  Edwards  can- 
not be  discovered,  because  there  is  no 
date  on  many  of  them,  and  the  bead  on 
the  obverse  is  very  similar  on  all.  There 
were  also  a  few  Scottish  coins  of  Alex- 
ander and  Robert.  On  the  obverse  of 
the  coins  of  Edward  is  a  crowned  head, 
surrounded  with  the  legend  "  Edw. 
K.  Angl.  D'n's.  Hib."  On  the  reverse,  a 
cross  between  twelve  pellets  surrounded 
with  the  legend  of  the  place  where  the 
coin  was  struck — thus,  "civitas  Lon- 
don." or  *•  villa  Bristol^e."  The  writer 
has  specimens  of  these  coins,  struck  at 
the  following  places,  and  bearing  tbe 
respective  names : — viz.  London,  Canter- 
bury, York,  Durham,  Chester,  Lincoln, 
Dublin,  all  of  which  are  called  "civitas;" 
and  also  Berwick,  Newcastle,  Bristol,  St. 
Edmundsbury,  which  places  bear  tbe 
humbler  title  of  «  villa."  The  obverse 
side  of  the  Dublin  coin  is  different  from 
that  of  others,  having  the  crowned  head 
enclosed  in  a  triangle,  on  the  exterior  sides 
of  which  is  the  same  legend  as  on  the 
others— viz.,  Edw.  R  (1st  side) ;  Angl. 


Dns,  (2d  side);  Hib.  (3d  side).  Tbe 
writer  has  also  specimens  of  tbe  follow- 
ing, which  were  among  tbe  treasure — viz-, 
one  bearing  on  the  obverse  a  crowned 
bead,  surrounded  by  a  legend,  which  ap- 
pears to  be  "  Dux  Limbergii  I."  and  on 
the  reverse  a  cross  between  twelve  pel- 
lets, surrounded  by  the  legend,  very  dis- 
tinct, 44  Dux  Brabantic;"  on  one  of  which 
the  obverse  and  the  reverse  are  the  same 
with  the  Edwards.  The  poor  people 
who  found  the  coins  estimated  them  so 
lightly,  that  one  man  who  happened  to  be 
near  bought  20  scores  of  them  for  SO. 
They  afterwards  sold  at  prices  varying 
from  3s.  9d.  lo  4s.  4s.  6\J.  5s.  and  6s. 
per  ounce,  and  by  retail  at  4d.  and  44  d. 

OLD  8ARUM  CATHEDRAL. 

Excavations  have  been  made  in  diffe- 
rent parts  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ca- 
thedral at  Old  Sarum  (see  the  plan  in 
August  Magazine,  p.  143).  The  principal 
angles  of  the  building  are  opened.  Tbe 
f  oundations  are  laid  on  the  solid  chalk,  at 
the  depth  of  six  or  seven  feet,  where  the 
ground  is  highest.  They  consist  of  flints 
and  fragments  of  stone,  embedded  in 
mortar;  and  are  still  surprisingly  rirm 
and  compact.  The  soil  itself,  to  tbe 
same  depth,  is  factitious,  and  composed 
of  fragments  of  stone  and  rubbish.  The 
length  of  the  nave,  from  outside  to  out- 
side, is  275  feet,  and  the  breadth  75  :  tbe 
thickness  of  the  wall,  without  facings,  six 
feet.  The  dimensions  of  the  transept 
have  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  made  out, 
There  is  no  appearance  of  a  Crypt.  At 
the  east  end,  witbin  the  building,  an  inter- 
ment was  discovered,  at  the  depth  of 
about  three  feet.  Contiary  to  the  usual 
custom,  the  head  lay  to  tbe  east,  close  to 
the  foundation  of  the  wall.  There  was, 
however,  not  tbe  slightest  trace  of  a  cofiin, 
or  any  species  of  envelope. 

•    BRITISH  TUMULI'S. 

An  ancient  British  cairn,  or  tumulus, 
has  been  just  opened  on  tbe  high  road  to 
Filey  near  Scarborough.  It  was  found 
to  contain  the  skeleton  of  a  man,  an  urn 
with  ashes,  and  a  drinking-cup,  also  of 
clay,  both  figured  on  the  outside,  a  flint 
head  of  an  arrow,  and  a  hammer  of  whin- 
stone.  The  body  was  crushed  into  a  very 
small  space,  so  that  tbe  knees  nearly 
touched  the  chin.  Mr.  Gage,  Trea- 
surer of  the  Antiquarian  Society,  super- 
intended the  opening  of  tbe  tumulus. 
The  bones  were  so  brittle  as  to  fall  to 
pieces  immediately  they  were  exposed  to 
the  air  and  touched.  Mr.  Tindail  has 
presented  the  contents  to  the  Scarborough 
Museum. 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.]  541 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

1 

FOREIGN  NEWS. 

FRANCE.  imitated,  the  jury  in  disgrace,  honour  in 
The  Moniteur  contains  a  statement  of  the  back-ground,  the  enemies  of  freedom 
the  receipts  at  the  Royal  Treasury  for  the  and  the  country  caressed,  its  f  riends  and 
first  nine  months  of  the  present  year,  as  those  of  the  King  disowned  and  perse- 
compared  respectively  with  the  corre-  cuted — such  are  the  grievances  which 
sponding  periods  of  the  years  1833  'and  separate,  by  all  their  turpitude,  the  Mi- 
1834.     The  gross  amount  of  the  receipts  nistry  from  the  nation,  and  which  pro. 
for  the  last  nine  months    has    been  voke  us  to  the  resolution  which,  Alon- 
431,540,000f.,  which  shows  an  increase  sieur  le  Prefet,  we  communicate  to  you." 
of  10,018,000f ,  as  compared  with  the  The  French  Government  have  issued 
first  nine  months  of  1833,  and  an  increase  an  Ordinance,  announcing  a  reduction  in 
of  1  l,152,000f.,  as  compared  with  the  the  duties  on  iron  and  coal  imported  into 
first  nine  months  of  ia34.   A  long  report  that  part  of  the  country  situated  from 
of  the  Keeper  of  the  Seals  on  the  admi-  the  sands  of  Olonne  to  Bayonne,  and 
nistration  of  Civil  and  Commercial  Jus-  along  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean — 
tice,  has  been  published.    This  report  that  on  coal  from  1  franc  to  6  sous  the 
comprises  the  last  four  months  of  1831,  100  kilogrammes,  and  on  cast  iron  from 
and  the  years  1&32  and  1833.   The  num-  9  to  8  francs  the  100  kilogrammes.  The 
ber  of  civil  causes  on  the  rolls  of  all  the  duties  on  wrought  iron  are  reduced  a  fifth, 
tribunals  of  First  Instance  was  128,138  and  iron  rails  for  roads  are  to  be  admitted 
for  1832,  and  121,560  for  183a    The  as  if  they  were  iron  bars, 
number  of  causes  in  1833  was  less  consi- 
derable than  in  1832  by  6,578,  and  less  Holland. 
than  in  1831  by  1,39a    The  total  num-  On  the  19th  of  Oct.  the  King  opened 
ber  of  causes  despatched  in  1832  was  the  Session  of  the  States  General  with  a 
121,155;  in  1833,  120,492.    The  com-  speech  in  which  he  announces  that  the 
mercial  causes  also  were  more  numerous  political  situation  of  Holland  remains  un- 
in  1832  than  in  1833.    In  1832  the  num-  changed,  and  that,  to  provide  as  much  as 
ber  was  1 16,204 ;  in  1833,  it  was  103,157.  possible  for  the  ease  of  bis  subjects  in  the 
A  singular  circumstance  has  lately  oc-  absence  of  any  means  of  settling  the  rela- 
curred,  showing  the  oppressive  spirit  of  tions  with  Belgium,  he  has  granted  fur- 
the  French  Government  on  one  hand,  loughs  to  the  militia  and  schuttery.  The 
and  the  popular  feeling  on  the  other,  country  is  stated  to  be  in  general  in  a 
The  Minister  of  the  Interior  having  sus-  flourishing  condition, 
pended  from  his  functions  the  Mayor  of 

Tborigny,  for  having  been  present  at  a  spain. 

feast  given  in  honour  of  the  popular  At  no  period  of  her  history  has  Spain 

Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Representa-  excited  more  anxious  attention  than  at 

tives,  M.  Odillon  Barrot,  and  for  having  the  present.    All  the  Foreign  Journals 

allowed  the  entertainment  to  take  place  appear  to  be  engrossed  with  her  affairs, 

in  a  building  belonging  to  the  Munici-  and  with  speculations  on  the  probable 

Sility,  the  whole  of  the  members  of  the  strength  of  the  parties  into  which  that 

lunicipal  Council  have  resigned  office !  country  is  at  present  divided.    M.  Men- 

In  the  declaration  accompanying  their  dizabal,  who  may  be  said  to  represent  the 

resignation  they  say — "  The  gloomy  jea-  liberal  or  Queen's  party,  has  apparently 

lousy  of  Ministers  dismisses  a  Mayor,  an  succeeded,  by  his  recent  concessions,  in 

honourable  and  respected  man,  merely  for  pacifying  the  more  democratical  section  of 

offering  a  dinner  to  M.  Odillon  Barrot,  the  nation.    The  principles  on  which  be 

whom  the  King  himself  is  always  ready  undertook  to  form  the  ministry,  have  been 

to  receive  and  to  invite  with  kindness,  given  in  an  address  from  him  to  the 

Oh  !  if  the  King  knew  this  !    As  for  us,  Queen,  of  which  the  following  is  the  most 

we  should  feel  ourselves  disgraced  by  important  passage : — 41 A  compact,  strong, 

being  at  all  associated  with  an  act  so  in:-  homogeneous,  and  above  all,  a  responsible 

quitous,  and  a  policy  so  disgusting.  May  ministry,  being  constituted — a  ministry 

our  countrymen  open  their  eyes  to  the  strengthened  by  the  sympathies  and  sun. 

abyss  whither  Doctrinarian  obstinacy  is  port  of  the  national  representation — the 

leading.    Increasing  taxes,  the  revolution  government  of  your  Majesty  will  have  to 

spat  upon,  the  restoration  praised  and  dedicate  simultaneously  and  indefatigably 


Digitized  by  Go 


542 


Foreign  Newt. 


[Nov. 


its  exertions  and  wires  to  bring  to  a  speedy 
and  glorious  end,  without  tiny  other  than 
national  means,  that  fatricidal  war,  the 
shame  and  disgrace  of  the  age  in  which 
we  live,  and  depressive  of  the  will  of  the 
nation  ;  to  settle  at  once,  and  without  de- 
grading them,  those  religious  corporations 
whose  reform  they  themselves  require  in 
accordance  with  the  public  interest;  to 
commit  to  wise  laws  all  the  rights  which 
emanate  from  and  are,  so  to  speak,  the 
sole  and  steady  support  of  the  represen- 
tative system;  to  reanimate,  invigorate, 
or  rather  to  create  and  establish,  the  pub. 
lie  credit,  the  wonderful  force  and  magic 
of  which  may  be  studied  in  prosperous 
and  free  England."  To  these  sentiments 
the  Queen  has  expressed  her  cordial 
assent. 

On  assuming  the  reins  of  government, 
Mendizabnl  at  once  induced  the  Queen  to 
revoke  the  decree  of  the  3d  of  Septem- 
ber, which  was  a  proclamation  of  war  on 
the  part  of  the  Toreno  ministry  against 
the  Juntas  and  to  issue  an  act  of  com. 
plete  amnesty.  All  the  cities  which  had 
declared  against  the  Toreno  administra- 
tion, then  successively  declared  their  as- 
sent to  the  programme  of  M.  Mcndiza- 
bal,  and  offered  their  submission  and  sin- 
cere support  to  the  Government.  By  an 
address  to  the  nation,  Mendizabal  has 
promised  to  call  the  Cortes  together  on 
the  16th  of  November,  for  the  express 
purpose  of  modifying  the  Estatuto  Heal, 
or  Royal  Statute,  on  the  authority  of 
which  they  were  originally  convoked  in 
1834.  The  Cortes  are  to  be  convoked 
according  to  the  present  electoral  law; 
bat  are  especially  summoned  to  revise  it. 
In  the  meantime,  a  commission,  com- 
posed of  five  celebrated  men,  headed  by 
M.  Calatrava,  has  been  appointed  to  pre- 
pare a  new  electoral  law,  which  will  be 
submitted  to  the  Cortes  on  their  assem- 
bling. M.  Calatrava's  associates  are,  M. 
Quintana,  a  Procere,  Alcala  Galiano,  the 
Deputy,  Madrid  de  Avila,  of  the  Royal 
Council  of  Spain  and  the  Indies,  and  M. 
Ortigoea,  Archdeacon  of  Carmona.  All 
these  are  liberal  politicians. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  new  Mi- 
nistry :  M.  Mendizabnl,  President  of  the 
Council  and  Minister  of  Finance  ;  Gene- 
ral A  lava,  Foreign  Affairs  ;  Gomez  Bc- 
cerra,  Chief  of  the  Saragossa  Junta,  and 
an  old  Member  of  the  Cortes,  Minister 
of  Justice ;  M.  Ulloa,  Procurador  for 
Cadiz,  Minister  of  Marine;  M.  Almo- 
dovar,  Chief  of  the  Junta  of  Valencia, 
Minister  of  War ;  and  M.  Martin  dc  los 
Heros,  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

A  Royal  Order  relating  to  the  Censor, 
ship  of  the  Press,  has  been  issued,  by 


which  free  scope  is  permitted  for  the  exa- 
mination of  all  political  questions,  and 
the  utmost  latitude  in  criticising  and  call- 
ing in  question  the  acts  of  the  Govern- 
ment. 

PORTUGAL. 

A  division  of  Portuguese  troops,  up- 
wards of  6*000  strong,  has  received  orders 
to  march  to  the  assistance  of  the  Queea- 
Regent  of  Spain ;  the  advanced  guard  en- 
tered Zamosa  on  the  6th :  they  amounted 
to  J  500  men. 

The  Portuguese  Government  have, 
by  a  decree  dated  Oct.  7,  discontinued 
the  pay  of  Field- Marshal  Lord  Bores- 
ford,  the  avowed  friend  of  Don  Miguel, 
until  the  Cortes  shall  have  had  time  to 
decide  upon  the  subject. 

GERMANY. 

The  profound  policy  of  the  Court  of 
Vienna  has  di*covered  a  simple  and  a 
peaceful  mode  of  vindicating  the  freedom 
of  the  Black  Sea.  The  Austrian  Go- 
vernment has  established  a  line  of  steam 
packets  between  Vienna  and  Smyrna, 
and  another  between  Vienna  and  l'rebi- 
soud — thus  traversing  the  whole  of  the 
Euxine. 

DENMARK. 

The  Assembly  of  the  States  is  now  in 
Session  at  Copenhagen  ;  but  a  Royal  de- 
cree has  prohibited  the  publication  of 
their  debates.  It  is  understood  that  the 
finances  of  the  kingdom  arc  in  a  most 
disgraceful  plight,  owing  to  the  profuse 
expenditure  of  the  Sovereign.  It  would 
appear  that  for  some  years  past  the  Go*, 
vernment  had  rendered  no  account  of  the 
disposal  of  the  revenue. 

TUB  KEY. 

By  advices  from  Constantinople  we 
learn  that  Lord  Durham,  the  British  am- 
bassador to  the  Russian  court,  had  been 
received  with  the  highest  marks  of  dis- 
tinction. On  the  11th  of  Sept.  be  was 
presented  to  the  Sultan.  Nothing  had 
been  omitted  on  the  part  of  the  Tuiks 
which  could  contribute  to  the  brilliancy 
of  this  audience,  or  add  to  the  cordiality 
of  the  reception.  On  the  loth  Lord 
Durham  embarked  on  board  the  Pluto, 
which  sailed  in  the  afternoon  for  the 
Black  Sea,  on  its  way  to  Odessa. 

An  official  bulletin  has  been  published, 
announcing  that  the  Albanian  insurrec- 
tion was  completely  at  an  end;  and  that 
the  Ottoman  army  had  entered  Scutari 
on  the  17th  of  September ;  the  Vizir  cf 
Rumelia  having  previously  brought  the 
insurgents  to  battle  near  SchewR,  and 
totally  defeated  them. 


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1835.] 


543 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


INTELLIGENCE  FROM  VARIOUS  PARTS  OF 
THE  COUNTRY. 

A  circular  has  been  transmitted  to  the 
Sheriffs  by  Lord  John  Russell  on  the 
important  matter  of  Prison  Discipline,  in 
reference  to  the  Act  recently  pussed  on 
that  subject,  and  the  regulations  agreed  to 
by  the  House  of  Lords.  The  principal 
objects  sought  to  be  accomplished  are?  an 
uniform  introduction  of  the  solitary  sys- 
tem, separation  and  classification  of  pri- 
soners, due  and  stated  inspection  of  pri- 
sons, residence  of  chaplains  of  prisons, 
appointment  of  schoolmasters,  construc- 
tion of  solitary  cells  for  the  punishment 
of  the  refractory,  and  the  introduction  in 
certain  cases  of  the  discipline  of  the  whip. 
— Lord  John  Russell  lately  met  two 
Commissioners  and  a  Surveyor  at  the 
Dartmoor  Prisons,  to  inspect  them,  and 
the  barracks,  offices,  &c.  previous  to  their 
being  adupted  to  a  Penitentiary  for  con- 
viets  on  the  solitary  system. 

Dr.  Lushington  has  recently  given  the 
opinion  that  the  parishioners  have  not  a 
right  to  appoint  the  Parish  Clerk,  except 
they  have  acquired  such  right  by  immemo- 
rial custom.  In  all  other  cases  the  right 
of  appointing  the  clerk  belongs  to  the 
incumbent.  There  is  no  particular  form 
of  appointment  necessary;  but  by  the 
91st  Canon  the  appointment  ought  to  be 
signified  to  the  parishioners  on  the  en- 
suing Sunday.  The  Clerk  is  entitled  to 
ancient  and  accustomed  fees,  and  to  no- 
thing else  of  right.  The  parishioners 
cannot  be  compelled  to  pay  him  any  sa- 
lary. 

Sept.  20.  That  interesting  natural 
phenomenon,  the  Mirage,  was  witnessed 
on  Agar,  one  of  the  Mendip  hills.  It 
was  first  observed  about  5  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  and  represented  an  immense 
body  of  troops,  mounted  and  fully  ac- 
coutred, which  appeared  to  move  along 
sometimes  at  a  walking  pace,  and  at  other 
times  at  a  quick  trot,  with  drawn  swords 
at  the  4  carry.'  The  phenomenon  was 
observed  for  upwards  of  an  hour,  and 
was  doubtless  occasioned  by  the  Bath 
troop  of  yeomanry  cavalry,  which  was 
assembled  on  the  day  in  question  at 
Twerton,  a  distance  of  15  miles  from  the 
place  where  it  was  witnessed. 

Oct.  8.  Ashburton  House,  Putncy- 
bcatb,  formerly  occupied  by  the  late  W. 
Jones,  esq.  Marsha)  of  the  King's  Bench 
prison,  wus  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  no- 
thing remaining  but  the  external  walls.  In 
consequence  of  some  dispute  the  house 
got  into  Chancery,  and  has  been  unoccu- 
pied for  the  lust  two  years,  except  by  po- 


liceman Lyall  and  his  wife,  put  in  to  take 
care  of  it. 

Oct.  8.  The  third  anniversary  of  the 
South  Lancashire  Conservative  Association 
was  celebrated  by  a  grand  dinner,  in  the 
new  and  splendid  hall  of  the  Association 
lately  erected  at  Xcwton,  a  borough  on 
the  line  of  the  railway,  half  way  between 
Manchester  and  Liverpool.  'I  his  is  the 
great  parent  of  all  the  other  Conservative 
associations  throughout  the  kingdom. 
The  Association  owes  its  origin  princi- 
pally to  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Hulton  of 
llulton,  and  of  Mr.  Entwistle,  M.P., 
and  at  its  commencement  mustered 
scarcely  a  dozen  members:  it  has  now 
upwards  of  2,000.  Lord  Francis  Egerton 
presided  on  this  occasion. 

Oct  9.  The  first  anniversary  of  the 
Chester  and  South  Cheshire  Conservative 
Association  was  celebrated  at  the  great 
room  of  the  Albion  Hotel,  in  the  city  of 
Chester.  This  room  was  built  by  the 
Conservatives  of  Chester  expressly  for 
their  meetings,  and  it  is  very  nearly  as 
large  as  the  great  room  of  the  Crown  and 
Anchor.  The  Association  numbers  more 
than  800  ;  and  covers  were  laid  for  350. 
The  company  was  one  of  the  most  re- 
spectable in  point  of  rank,  property,  and 
influence  that  ever  yet  congregated  with- 
in  the  walls  of  Chester.  The  Right 
Hon.  Lord  Delamere  presided  as  chair- 
man. 

Oct.  19.  The  Queen  paid  a  visit  to 
the  city  and  University  of  Oxford,  ac- 
companied by  the  Duchess  of  Saxe- Wei- 
mar, where  she  was  most  enthusiastically 
received.  The  first  place  her  Majesty 
visited  was  the  Theatre.  The  lower  gal- 
lery was  perfectly  crowded  with  splen- 
didly-dressed ladies,  and  the  floor  was 
filled  by  Masters  of  Arts  and  their 
friends.  On  the  right  of  the  throne 
were  two  chairs  of  state,  one  of  which 
was  occupied  by  her  Majesty,  and  the 
other  by  the  Duchess  oi  Saxe- Weimar. 
The  Duke  of  Wellington,  as  Chancellor, 
delivered  a  suitable  address  to  her  Ma- 
jesty, to  which  she  read  an  appropriate 
answer.  The  Duke  then  took  his  seat, 
and  the  honorary  degrees  of  Doctor  of 
Civil  Law  were  conferred  upon  Prince 
Ernest  of  Hesse- Philippsthal,  Earl 
Howe,  Earl  Denbigh,  and  the  Hon.  W. 
Ashley.  Her  Majesty  then  proceeded 
to  the  Town  Hall,  where  she  received  an 
address  from  the  authorities  of  the  city, 
andaflerhavingentertainedaselect  party  at 
dinner,  at  the  Angel  Inn,  held  a  drawing, 
room  from  9  till  1 1  o'clock.  The  next  day 
her  Majesty  received  an  Address  from 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


544 


Foreign  News.— Promotions,  Sec. 


[Nor. 


the  County,  after  which  she  proceeded  to 
view  the  University — at  the  Radcliffe 
Library  being  addressed  by  the  Bishop 
and  Clergy,  and  partaking  of  an  enter- 
tainment provided  by  the  Provost  and 
Fellows  of  Queen's  College.  Her  Ma- 
jesty afterwards  visited  the  University 
Printing-office,  and  in  the  evening  again 
entertained  a  select  party  to  dinner.  She 
proceeded  from  Oxford  to  Blenheim  and 
Strathfleldsaye 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Oct.  7.  In  the  evening  nn  alarming  fire 
broke  out  at  the  Penitentiary,  Milbank. 
Capt.  Chapman,  the  Governor,  in  order 
to  prevent  the  flames  extending,  ordered 
the  communication  from  one  wing  to  the 
other  to  be  cut  off,  and  a  strong  body  of 
workmen  proceeded  to  the  roof,  with 
pickaxes,  saws,  fcc.  and  at  length  accom- 
plished their  object,  thereby  preserving 
the  eastern  pentagon.  The  whole  of  the 
angle  side  of  the  prison  is  destroyed.  It 
has  been  ascertained  that  the  fire  was  per- 
fectly accidental,  and  was  caused  by  the 
linen  on  one  of  the  horses  in  the  airing 
chamber,  having  fallen  off  the  horse  upon 
the  grated  floor  through  which  the  hot  air 
rises  from  the  furnace  below  into  the 


chamber.  The 
5,000/. 

Oct.  21.  The  first  stone  of  the  City  of 
Istndon  Schools  was  laid  by  Lord  Brough- 
am. The  site  of  the  building  is  Honey, 
lane  market,  Milk-street.  According  to 
the  plans  and  drawings  exhibited  on  the 
occasion,  the  building  will  be  in  the  Go- 
thic style  of  architecture,  and  will  be  very 
large  and  commodious.  It  seems  that  as 
long  ago  as  1138,  a  sum  of  19/.  was  left 
by  a  citizen  of  London  for  the  endow, 
ment  of  an  institution  for  the  education 
of  the  citizens  of  London  ;  that  from  the 
original  bequest  900/.  per  annum  U  now 
produced,  and  that  the  Corporation  have 
patriotically  devoted  that  income  to  the 
support  of  the  Schools  now  about  to  be 
erected.  The  Act  of  Parliament  on 
which  the  School  is  founded,  and  the 
plans  on  which  it  is  to  be  built,  were  in- 
closed in  a  glass  vase,  which,  together 
with  the  coins  of  the  realm,  were  depo- 
sited  upon  a  brass  tablet,  beneath  the  first 
stone,  an  immense  mass  weighing  upwards 
of  six  tons.  In  the  evening  a  numerous 
and  respectable  company,  patrons  of  the 
institution,  sat  down  to  dinner  at  the  City 
of  London  Tavern.  Mr.  Hall,  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Committee,  presided. 


PROMOTIONS,  P 

Gazette  Promotions. 

Aug.  12.    Knighted,  Capt.  David  Dunn,  R.N. 

Aug.  24.  James  Hilton,  of  Bodlondeh,  Con- 
wav,  co.  Carnarvon,  esq.  Slajor  2d  Lancashire 
Militia,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  only  child  of 
Gilbert  Ford,  ftf.A.  Rector  of  North  Si  cols,  to 
take  the  name  of  Ford  in  addition  to  Hilton. 

Sept.  12.  SirC.T.  Metcalfe,  Hart,  to  beG.C.R 

Sept.  23.  H.  S.  Fox, esq.  to  lie  his  Majesty's 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  tlie  United  States 
of  America.— H.  C.  J.  Hamilton,  esq.  to  he 
his  Majesty's  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the 
Emperor  of  Brazils.— J.  H.  Mandeville,'  esq.  to 
be  his  Majesty's  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
the  United  Provinces  of  Rio  de  la  Plata.— 
David  Urquliart,  esq.  to  be  Secretary  to  his 
Majesty's  Embassy  at  the  .Sublime  Ottoman 
Porte. 

Sept.  25.  George  Houlton,  esq.  to  be  Ensign 
of  the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard. 

8th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  Sir  W.  Plunkett  De 
Rathe,  liart.  to  be  Lieut.-Col.— Unattached, 
Major  Rrook  Firman  to  be  Lieut.-Col. ;  and 
Out  J.  Jones  to  be  Major.— Durham  Militia, 
John  Bowes,  esq.  to  be  Lieut.-Col. 

Oct.  I.  W.  Norris,  esq.  to  be  Chief  Justice, 
and  Oct.  2,  John  Jeremie,  esq.  to  lie  Second 
Puisne  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ceylon. 

Oct.  9.  4th  Foot,  Lieut.  Gen.  John  Hodirson, 
to  be  Col  —8th  Foot,  Major  T.  Gerard  Ball,  to 
be  Lieut.  Col.— Capt.  S.  Baynes,  to  be  Major. 
—45th  Foot,  Capt.  St.  Lawrence  Webb,  to  be 
Major.— Tijnh  Foot,  Major  Eaton  Mc  inins,  to  be 
Lieut. •Col.  ;  Capt.  Walter  Ogi Ivy,  to  be  Major. 
—83d  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Hastings  Fraser,  to  be 
Colonel. 

Oct.  16.  2Jth  Foot,  Capt.  W.  J.  D'Urban,  *o 
be  Major.— toth  Foot,  Brevet  Major  J.  H.  Bar- 
nett,  to  be  Major. 

Royal  Navy.— Com.  Back,  to  be  Captain. 

12 


REFERMENTS.&C. 

Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament. 

WaterfordCo.—W.  Villiers  Stuart,  of  1 
Dungarvam.— Michael  O'Loghlen,  esq. 

ECCLESIASTICAL  PREFERMENTS. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Breay,  to  a  Preb.  in  Lichfield  Cath. 
Rev.  C.  Taylor,  to  a  Preb.  in  Hereford  Cath. 
Rev.  T.  Baker,  Hartlebury  R.  co.  Worcester. 
Rev.  F.  Barker,  St.  Mary  Edgeliill  P.C.  co. 

Lancaster. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Campbell,  Eye  V.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Cartwright,  Dudley  V.  co.  Wore. 
Rev.  R.  P.  Clarke,  Cricket  St.  Thomas  R.  CO. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  G.  Cowell,  Lydgate  R.  co.  York. 
Rev.  E.  Crane,  Crowlc  V.  co.  Wore. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Cranford,Oidswinford  R.  co.  Wore. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Eade,  Aycliffe  V.  co.  Durham. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Eckley,  Credenhill  V.  co.  Hereford. 
Rev.  T.  Edmondes,  Ashley  R.  co.  Cambridge. 
Rev.  R.  Foley,  Kjngswinford  R.  co.  Stafford. 
Rev.  P.  Hansell,  Kinjrsdon  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Hanson,  Buryhill  V.  co.  Hereford. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Hawkesley,  Redruth  R.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  G.  Hilton,  Badlesmere  V.  and  LeveUml 

R.  Kent. 

Rev.  N.  Hoare,  St.  Lawrence  R.  Limerick. 
Rev.  A.  G.  H.  Hollingsworth,  Stowmarket  V. 
Suffolk. 

Rev.  R.  E.  Hughes,  Alkerton  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  J.  llatton,  Knipton  R.  co.  l^eicester. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Money,  Stemfield  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  H.  Moucrieff,  Church  of  Baldernock,  co. 
Stirling. 

Rev.  C.  Nairn,  Church  of  Forgan,  co.  Fife. 
Rev.  E.  Page,  Bawdrip  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  S.  Powell,  Detton  R.  co.  Hereford. 
Rev.  T.  Price,  Shellesley  Walsh  R.  co.  Wore. 
Rev.   R.  Richards,  Wrotton  Courteuay  R. 


Rev.  E.  H.  Abney  to  be  Chaplain  to  the  Earl 
of  Caithness. 


Digitized  by  Ooo 


1835.] 


Births  and  Marriages. 


545 


Cim  Preferments. 

Rev.  T.  Myers,  to  be  Head  Master  of  the  Royal 
Naval  School. 

Rev.  S.  Rees,  to  be  Head  Master  of  North 
Walsham  Gram.  School,  Norfolk. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Sim,  to  be  Second  Master  of  Wake- 
field Gram.  School. 

Mr.  Matthew  Marshall  to  be  Chief  Cashier  to 
the  flank  of  England. 

Hon.  H.  Bouchier  Devereux,  to  be  Assistant- 
Commissioner  to  Major  Briggs,  Commis- 
sioner for  governing  the  territories  of  the 
Rajah  of  Mysore. 

Mr.  Robert  Lemon  (son  of  the  late  Robert 
Lemon,  esq.  F.S.A.)  to  be  Senior  Clerk  of  the 
State  Paper  Office. 

BJRTHS. 

Sept.  16.    Mrs.  Stewart  of  Queen-square, 

Westminster,  a  dau.  21.  AtTheydon  Bower, 

Essex,  Vise.  Frankfort  de  Montmorency,  a 
son.  23.  At  Wellingborough,  Northamp- 
tonshire, the  wife  of  the  Rev.  C.  Pasley  Vivian, 

a  son.  24.  At  Ashley-park,  Surrey,  Lady 

Fletcher,  a  son  and  heir.  25.  In  Upi>er 

Urook-st.  the  lady  of  Sir  Alex.  Malet,  llart. 
a  son  and  heir.  28.  The  Lady  Augusta  Sey- 
mour, a  dau. 

Oct.  4.    At  Bifrons,  the  Lady  Albert  Conyng- 

ham,  a  son.  1 1 .  At  Coberley  Rectory,  Glouc. 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  Hicks,  a  son.  13. 

At  Cheltenham,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Charles 

Hebert,   a  son.  At  Mapledurham  House, 

near  Reading,  the  wifeof  the  Rev.  R.  Seymour, 

a  son.  At  Clifton,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  * 

Moberly,  of  BalliolC<  >llesre,  Oxford,  a  dau. 
At  Mirnwood,  Herts,  the  wife  of  William  John 

Lysley,  esq.  a  dau.  14.  At  Croxteth,  the 

Viscountess  Molyneux,  a  son  and  heir.  At 

Wort  lev  Hall,  lady  Georgians  Wortley.  a  dau. 

 19.  In  RusseU-sq.  the  lady  of  Mr.  Serjeant 

Talfourd,  M.P.  of  a  son.  20.  At  St.  James's- 

»q.  Mrs.  Macrone,  a  son.  21.  In  Grosvenor- 

aquare,  the  Countess  of  Galloway,  a  son. 


Oct.  1.  R.  C.  Price,  esq.  of  Sydenham* 
Kent,  to  A 1  hi nia  Eliza,  third  dau.  of  Sir  Chas- 

Price,  Bart.  At  Rumton,  Rich.  Bactre,  esq. 

of  Lynn,  to  Pleasance,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 


Edw.  Hulton,  Rector  of  Gay  wood,  Norfolk. 

John  Smyth,  esq. 


At  Ashford  Bowdler, 


MARRIAGES. 

ffenf.  15.  At  East  Stoke,  Dorset,  the  Rev. 
W.  Buller,  2d  son  of  Lt.-Gen.  Buller,  to  Leonora 
Sophia  Bond,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Bond,  esq. 

of  Grange.  18.  At  Sidmouth,  Thomas,  ekl. 

son  of  John  I>rayton,  esq.  of  Lyme  Regis,  to 

Laura,  grand-dau.  of  Major  Knott.  19.  At 

Lynn,  the  Rev.  H.  K.  Knatchhull,  son  of  the 
late  Sir  P..  Knatchbull,  of  Mersham-hatch, 
Kent,  to  Pleasance,  dau.  of  the  late  T.  Bagge, 

esq.  of   Stradseth  Hall,  Norfolk.  22.  At 

Cheltenham,  Lesley  Alexander,  esq.  of  York- 
terrace,  Regent's- park,  to  Amelia  Maria,  dau. 

of  Lieut. -Col.  Bates,  late  21st  Dragoons.  

23.  At  Plymouth,  John  Wilmot,  esq.  Capt. 
10th  regt.  third  son  of  Sir  R.  Wilmot,  Bart, 
to  Jane,  second  dau.  of  T.  Bowes,  esq.  M.P. 

of  Beaumont.  At  Fornham  St.  Martin,  Sufi". 

the  Rev.  H.  Edgell,  to  Jane  Esther,  dau.  of 
the  late  Capt.  Cocksedge,  of  St.  Edmund's 

Hill.  26.  At  Chalfont  St.  Peter's,  Bucks, 

W.  Shutt,  esq.  barrister-at-law  and  police- 
niatristrate,  to  Eleanor,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr. 

Serj.    Peake.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq. 

Wm.  Jenkyns,  of  Dublin,  esq.  barrister-at- 
law,  to  Helen,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  Thompson,  of 
Arundel-terrace,  Kemp  Town,  Brighton,  esq. 

 28.  At  Pennard,  Sir  John  Dean  Paul,  Bart. 

to  Mary,  widow  of  Berkeley  Napier,  esq.  of 

Pennard- house.  Somerset.  The  Rev.  Geo. 

Maynard,  to  Emma,  dau.  of  the  late  Edw. 

^tuw,  esq.  of  Russell-pl.  Fitzroy-sq.  29.  At 

Tannton,  the  Rev.  G.  Bodley  Warren,  of  Dul- 
verton,  to  Helen,  third  dau.  of  Rich.  Meade 
King,  esq. 


Capt.  Royal  Eng.  to  Miss  Buckley,  of  Ashford 

Hall,  Shropshire.  At  Hadley.  Middlesex, 

the  Rev.  G.  Skinner,  to  Lucy,  dau.  of  Alex. 

Dury,  esq.  of  Hadley.  2.  The  Hon.  A.  H. 

Astley  Owner,  third  son  of  the  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury, and  M.P.  for  Don-hester.  to  Miss  Jane 
Frances  Pattison,  only  dau.  of  R.  Pattison, 

esq.  of  Wrackleford,  Dorset.  3.  At  Mer- 

toun-house.  Lieut.-Col.  Chas.  Wyndham,  to 
the  Hon.  Eliz.  Anne  Scott,  second  dau.  of  Ixml 

Polwarth.  At  Burbage,  F.  A.  Carrington, 

esq.  Barrister-at-law,  to  Phillippina,  only 
dau.  of  John  Banning,  esq.  of  Ogbourne  St. 

George,  Wilts.  6.  At  Clifton,   Paris  T. 

Dick,  M.D.  son  of  Gen.  Dick,  to  Lavinia, 
dau.  of  J.  Ford.  esq.  Harlcv-pl.  Spencer- 
Horatio,  seconu  son  of  T.  Walpole,  esq.  to 
Isabella,  4th  dau.  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Spen- 
cer Perceval.  At  Bridgnorth,  the  Rev.  J. 

Purton,  Rector  of  Oldbury,  Salop,  to  Sophia, 

dau.  of  the  late  Lionel  Larapet,  esq.  7.  At 

Wandsworth,  Surrey,  the  Rev.  R.  Pulleiue,  of 
S|>eunithome,  York,  to  Susan,  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  H.  Burmister.  esq.  of  Bnrntwood 

Lodge.  At  Bristol,  the  Rev.  G.  Hadley, 

Vicar  of  Melborne  St.  Andrew,  Dorset,  to 
Marianne,  only  dam  of  the  late  J.  Turnpenny 

Altree.  esq.  Wolverhampton.  8.  At  Trinity 

Church,  Marylebone,  C.  H.  Moore,  esq.  to 
Eleanor,  dau.  of  the  late  Alex.  Marsden,  esq.  of 

Portland-pl.  The  Rev.  Lawrence  Ottley,  eld. 

son  of  Sir  R.  Ottley,  to  Eliz.  eldest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  J.  Bickersteth,  Vicar  of  Acton,  SulT.  

At  Leamington,  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Johnson,  son 
of  the  late  Sir  J.  A.  Johnson  Walsh,  Bart,  to 
Margaret  Sarah,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  S.  I.  Otway. 

 10.  At  Bisley,  Glouc.  the  Rev.  J.  Keble,  to 

Charlotte,  dau.  of  late  Rev.  G.  Clarke,  Rector 

of  Hampton  Mersey,  Gloucestershire.  13. 

At  St.  Helen's.  Lancashire,  the  Rev.  Stuart 
Majendie,  third  son  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Ban- 
gor, to  Mary  Angelina,  second  dau.  of  the  late 

Michael  Hughes,  esq.  of  Sherdley  House.  

14.  At  Sealby,  co.  York,  the  Rev.  R.  W.  Smith, 
to  Fanny,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  Howard,  of 
Throxenby.  At  St.  Margaret's,  Mr.  C.  Vin- 
cent, grandson  of  the  late  Dean  of  Westmins- 
ter, to  Caroline,  third  dau.  of  the  late  C.  Bed- 
ford, esq.  of  Great  George-street.  At  Oak- 
ley, John  Booth,  esq.  of  Glendon  Hall,  North- 
amptonshire, to  Augusta  de  Capell,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  late  Sir  R.  Brooke  de  Capell  Brooke, 

Bart,  of  Oakley  House.  15.  Captain  J.  A. 

Markey,  to  Julia  Henrietta,  dau.  of  Major  Cv- 

meron,  of  Reading.  At  Woolwich,  Capt.  C. 

H.  Cobbe.  60th  foot,  to  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  Col. 
Gravatt,  Inspector  of  the  Roy*l  Military  Aca- 
demy. 19.  At  Hampstead,  Thomas  Andrews, 

esq.  Sergeant-at-law,  to  Amelia,  dau.  of  T. 

Maynard,  esq.  20.  At  Felbrigg,  Norfolk,  the 

Hon.  Capt.  Rich.  Hare,  grandson  of  the  Earl 
of  Listowel,  to  Mary-Christina,  fourth  dau.  of 

the  late  Vice-Adm.  Windham.  At  Alderley, 

Chester,  Lieut.-Col.  W.  H.  Scott,  only  son  of 
Gen.  Scott,  to  Harriet  Alethea,  fifth  dau.  of 

Sir  J.  T.  Stanley,  Bart.  At  Bromley,  Kent, 

Herbert  Jenner,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Sir  Herbert  Jenner,  to  Maria  Eleonora, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  G.  Norman,  esq.  of  Brom- 
ley-common. At  Lower  Norwood,  Edward, 

son  of  I Jeut.-Col.  Williamson,  to  Maria,  dau. 
of  the  late  G.  Grant,  esq.  of  Shenley-hill,  Herts. 

 At  St.  Marylebone  Church,  Capt.  W.  J. 

Hughes,  4th  Light  Dragoons,  to  Georgina- 
Frances,  only  dau.  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  Loftus 
Otway. 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


*  A 


Digitized  by  GiOOgle 


54G 


[Nov. 


OBITUARY. 


The  Eabl  of  Chatham. 
Sept.  24.  In  Charles- st.  Berkeley- sq. 
79,  the  Right  Hon.  John  Pitt, 
second  Earl  of  Chat  hum,  and  Viscount 
Pitt  of  Burton  Pynsent,  co.  Somerset 
(1766),  and  Baron  Chatham  (1761),  K.G. 
a  Privy- Councillor,  a  General  in  the 
army,  Colonel  of  the  4th  regiment  of  foot, 
Governor  of  Gibraltar,  High.  Steward  of 
Colchester,  an  Elder  Brother  of  the 
Trinity- House,  a  Governor  of  the  Char, 
ter-  House,  &c.  &c. 

This  senior  brother  of  the  immortal 
Pitt,  the  eldest  son  of  William  the  great 
Earl  of  Cbatbnm.  by  Lady  Hester  Grcn- 
ville.  Baroness  Chutham,  only  daughter 
of  Richard  Grcnville,  esq.  and  Hester 
Countess  Temple,  was  bom  Sept.  10, 
1756,  at  a  period  when  bis  father  was 
Secretary  of  State,  and  at  the  zenith  of 
his  glory.  He  succeeded  to  the  peerage 
soon  after  he  became  of  age,  by  the 
death  of  his  father,  May  11,  1778  * 

His  Lordship  was  appointed  a  Captain 
in  the  army,  June  30,  1779,  and  in  the 
86th  foot  on  the  30th  Sept  following. 
He  served  with  his  regiment  during  the 
American  war.  On  the  6th  July  1788 
his  brother  appointed  him  First  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty;  on  the  3d  April  1789  he 
was  sworn  a"  Privy. Councillor;  and  on 
the  15th  Dec.  1790  was  elected  a  Knight 
of  the  Garter.  He  was  at  the  time  of 
his  death  the  senior  Knight  of  that  most 
noble  Order,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Sovereign  and  his  royal  Brothers.  He 
continued  to  preside  over  the  Admiralty 
until  Dec.  1 79k 

On  the  12th  Oct.  1793  be  attained  the 
rank  of  Colonel  in  the  army  ;  and  on  the 
26th  Feb.  1795  that  of  Major- General. 
On  the  5th  Dec  1799  he  was  appointed 
Colonel  of  the  4<th  foot;  on  the  24th 
Sept.  1796  he  was  appointed  Lord  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council,  which  office  he  oc- 
cupied until  July  1801 ;  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Master-general  of  the  Ordnance, 
in  which  post  he  continued  until  the  dis- 
solution of  ministry,  consequent  on  his 
brother's  death,  in  Feb.  1806. 

On  the  death  of  his  mother,  April  3, 
1803,  he  succeeded  to  the  barony  of 
Chatham . 

On  the  31st  of  March  1807  he  was  re- 
appointed to  the  Mastership  of  the  Ord- 
nance, which  he  then  held  until  May 
1810. 

Having  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieut. -General  April  29,  1802,  he  was 
in  1809  entrusted  with  the  military  com- 
mand of  the  unfortunate  Watch eren  ex- 
pedition |  a  report  of  bis  conduct  in 


which  he  presented  immediately  to  bis 
Majesty,  at  a  private  audience;  and  it 
will  be  found  printed  in  the  Royal  Mili- 
tary Calendar,  1820,  vol.  i.  pp.  376—386. 

His  Lordship  attained  the  full  rank  of 
General  Jan.  1, 1812;  and  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Gibraltar  in  1820,  on  the 
death  of  the  Duke  of  Kent. 

The  Earl  of  Chatham  married,  July  9, 
1783,  the  Hon.  Mary-Eliznb«?th  Town- 
send,  second  daughter  of  Thomas  first 
Viscount  Sydney,  and  aunt  to  the  present 
Viscount  Sydney ;  but  by  her  ladyship, 
who  died  May  21,  1621,  he  bad  no  issue. 
The  peerage  has  in  consequence  become 
extinct ;  and  with  it  the  annual  pension 
of  4,000*.  which  was  settled  upon  it  by 
Act  of  Parliament  in  1778,  immediately 
after  the  first  Earl's  death ;  as  well  as 
another  of  3,000/.  which  was  conferred  on 
the  first  Earl  of  Chatham  for  three  lives 
in  1761. 

The  Earl  of  Chatham  was  the  last  sur- 
viving Peer  of  the  family  of  Pitt,  which 
has  been  raised  to  that  dignity  in  the  four 
titled  branches  of  Rivers,  Camel  ford, 
Chatham,  and  Londonderry.  The  first 
of  these  titles,  created  in  1776  (to  the 
elder  line  from  John  Pitt,  Clerk  of  the 
Exchequer  temp.  Eliz.)  became  extinct 
in  the  race  of  Pitt  in  1828,  but  has  been 
perpetuated  in  that  of  Beckford  (now,  by 
assumption,  Pitt- Rivers).  The  second, 
created  in  1784  to  the  Earl  of  Chatham's 
cousin-german,  Thomas  Pitt,  expired  in 
1804 on  the  premature  death  of  bis 
son,  the  second  Lord  Camelford.  The  title 
of  Chatham,  originating  in  1761,  expires  in 
1835.  That  of  Londonderry,  conferred 
in  1719  as  a  Barony,  and  in  1726  as  an 
Earldom,  on  the  younger  son  of  the 
famous  Governor  Pitt,  the  purchaser  of 
the  Orleans  diamond,  became  extinct  with 
his  younger  son  the  third  Earl  in  1764. 
( See  a  more  particular  account  of  the  Pitt 
family  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol. 
xevm.  ii.  463.) 

We  believe  the  only  male  survivor 
of  the  Pitts  is  the  venerable  William 
Morton  Pitt,  esq.  formerly  M.P.  for 
Dorsetshire.  A  pedigree  of  the  family, 
comprising  all  the  several  branches,  will 
be  found  iu  the  History  of  that  county, 
by  Hutchins,  vol.  iii.  p.  360. 

The  present  representatives  of  the  great 
Earl  of  Chatham  are  bis  grand-daughters 
the  Lady  Hester  Stanhope,  now  the  sin. 
gular  resident  in  the  East,  and  Lady 
Griselda,  wife  of  John  Tekell,  esq. 
daughters  of  the  third  Earl  Stanhope  (• 
third  sister,  Lady  Mary,  wife  of  Thomas 
Taylor,  esq.  died  in  1814) :  and  Hester*, 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.]  Obituary.— Dr.  Brinkley,  Bp.  of  Cloyne. — Hon.  G.  Walfole.  547 


Harriet,  wife  of  Lieut.-  Gen.  Sir  W.  H. 
Pringle,  K.C.B.  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Edward  Jas.  Eliot,  elder  brother  to  the 
present  Earl  of  St.  German's. 


Dr.  Br  ink  ley,  Bishop  of  Cloynk. 

Sept.  14.  At  the  house  of  his  brother 
in  Leeson-street,  Dublin,  aged  72,  the 
Right.  Rev.  John  Brinkley,  D.D.  Lord 
Bishop  of  Cloyne,  President  of  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy,  F.  R.  S.,  &c.  &c. 

This  distinguished  mathematician  was 
a  native  of  Woodbridge,  Suffolk,  and  re- 
ceived the  early  part  of  his  education  ut 
the  grammar-school  in  that  town,  and 
from  thence  he  removed  to  Mr.  Tilney's 
at  Harleston.    He  graduated  at  Caius 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  17H8,  as  Senior 
Wrangler,  and  senior  Smith's  Prizeman, 
and  afterwards  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
that  bociety.    He  proceeded  M.A.  1791, 
B.  and  D.D.  1806.    Dr.  Law,  Bishop  of 
El  pain,  brother  of  the  late  Lord  Ellen- 
borough,  introduced  Mr.  Brinkley  to  the 
notice  of  the'board  ofTrinity  college, Dub- 
lin, and  in  1792  he  was  appointed  An- 
drew's Professor  of  Astronomy.    He  de- 
voted himself  earnestly  to  the  duties  of  his 
office,  and  published  for  the  use  of  the  stu- 
dents an  elementary  treatise  on  Astronomy, 
which  is  generally  considered  the  best  in. 
troduction  to  that  science  in  our  language. 
Dr.  Brinkley's  discovery  of  the  parallax  of 
the  fixed  stura,  in  1814,  which  was  for  a 
time  controverted  by  Mr.  Pond,  was  the 
first  circumstance  that  gave  bim  a  Euro- 
pean reputation ;  which  has  been  since  well 
supported  by  his  valuable  communications 
to  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy.  Asa  professor,  he  was  chiefly 
remarkable  for  his  zeal  in  searching  out 
and  encouraging  rising  merit;  he  was  one 
of  the  first  to  appreciate  the  abilities  of 
his  successor  Sir  William  Hamilton,  and 
be  laboured  zealously  to  extend  his  fame. 
When  George  IV.  visited  Ireland,  he  was 
so  pleased  with  his  reception  in  Trinity 
college,  that  he  resolved  to  bestow  the 
next  vacant  bishopric  on  one  of  its  mem. 
bers.    Mr.  Goulburn  (who  was  at  the 
time  looking  to  the  representation  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge)  procured,  it  is 
said,  the  appointment  for  Professor  Brink- 
ley,  who  appeared  to  belong  to  the  Dub- 
Iro  University,  though  really  a  graduate  of 
Cambridge.    He  was  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Cloyne  in  1826;  and  shortly  after  re- 
signed his  Professorship. 

Dr.  Brinkley,  as  Bishop,  promoted 
many  exemplary  curates,  whose  labours 
had  been  overlooked  by  his  predecessors, 
and  he  separated  several  parishes  from  his 
see,  to  give  the  inhabitants  the  benefit  of 
a  resident  rector.  From  the  time  of  his 
tjevttioa,  bis  health  gradually  declined, 


and  he  was  forced  to  abandon  scientific 
pursuits  altogether.  He  has,  however, 
left  behind  bim  some  valuable  mathe- 
matical manuscripts,  which  there  is  reason 
to  believe  will  be  published  under  the 
superintendence  of  Sir  William  Hamil- 
ton. 

His  Lordship,  thotigh  in  a  very  de- 
clining state  of  health,  had  undertaken  a 
long  and  fatiguing  journey  to  be  present 
at  the  late  conference  of  the  Irish  Bishops. 
His  earthly  remains  were  deposited  in  the 
vault  of  Trinity  college,  the  beads  of  the 
University  anxiously  paying  every  tribute 
of  respect  to  the  memory  of  a  true  friend 
of  science. 

According  to  the  provisions  of  the 
Church  Temporalities'  Bill,  Dr.  Kyle, 
Bishop  of  Cork  and  Ross,  will  be  in- 
vested with  the  charge  of  Cloyne,  in 
like  manner  as  the  Bishop  of  Ossory, 
Dr.  Fowler,  took  charge  of  Ferns  nnd 
Leighlin ;  and  the  temporalities  of  Cork 
and  Ross  will  go  to  the  Ecclesiastical 
Fund. 


Hon  George  Walpole. 

lAtchj.  Aged  77,  the  Hon.  George 
Walpole,  Comptroller  of  Cash  in  the  Ex. 
rise  Office;  uncle  to  the  Earl  of  Orford. 

He  was  born  on  the  20th  June  1728, 
the  second  son  of  Horatio  second  Lord 
Walpole  of  Wolterton,  (nephew  of  the 
great  Sir  Robert  WalpoleO  who,  on  the 
death  of  Horatio  fourth  Earl  of  Orford 
(the  celebrated  Horace  Walpole),  became 
the  fourth  Lord  Walpole,  of  Walpole, 
and  in  1806  had  the  Earldom  of  Orford 
revived  in  his  person  by  a  new  creation. 
His  mother  was  Lady  Rachel  Cavendish, 
third  and  youngest  daughter  of  William 
third  Duke  of  Devonshire,  K.G. 

Having  adopted  the  military  profession, 
Mr.  Walpole  in  1792  attained  the  rank  of 
Lieut -Colonel,  and  in  1794  the  Lieut. - 
Colonelcy  of  the  I3th  drugoons. 

In  1795  he  repaired  to  Jamaica,  at  that 
time  involved  in  the  calamities  of  intestine 
war,  in  consequence  of  a  qunrrel  with  the 
Maroons.  Col.  Fitch,  who  was  entrusted 
with  the  command  of  the  troops  employed 
against  them,  having  fallen  into  an  am- 
buscade, Col.  Walpole  was  employed 
by  the  Earl  of  Balcarras  for  the  reduction 
of  the  insurgents,  with  the  local  rank  of 
Major- General.  Instead  of  attempting 
to  inclose  the  enemy  with  a  cordon,  while 
the  country  remained  uncleared,  he  em. 
ployed  a  body  of  negroes  to  cut  down  the 
woods,  and  obtained  several  advantages 
over  the  enemy.  When  the  Assembly 
of  the  Island  had  recourse  to  Spanish 
blood-hounds,  he  refused  to  employ  them 
except  for  intimidation,  and  at  length 
happily  succeeded  in  the  complete  subju- 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


548  Obituary. — Sir  71  Wallace,  Bart. — Sir  J.  Dalrymple,  Bart.  [Nov. 


gation  of  the  enemy.  This,  however, 
was  not  accomplished  without  a  solemn 
promise  on  bis  part  that  the  Maroons 
«•  should  not  be  sent  off  the  island."  The 
subsequent  conduct  of  these  people  was 
considered  by  the  Governor  and  Assem- 
bly of  Jamaica,  as  an  absolute  violation 
of  the  capitulation;  but  Major- Gen. 
Walpole  thought  otherwise,  and  so  soon 
as  he  learnt  it  was  the  intention  of  the 
Legislature  to  transport  the  Maroons  to 
Nova- Scotia,  he  expostulated  with  Lord 
Balcarras,  and  declared  his  decided  dis- 
approbation of  a  measure  which,  in  his 
opinion,  amounted  to  a  direct  infringe- 
ment of  the  Treaty  to  which  he  bad  been 
a  party. 

On  the  meeting  of  the  Assembly,  the 
Governor  was  complimented  with  a  vote 
of  thanks,  by  which  the  sum  of  seven 
hundred  guineas  was  presented  to  him  for 
a  sword ;  and  a  similar  vote  was  passed 
at  the  same  time,  offering  five  hundred 
guineas  for  the  like  purpose  to  Major- 
Gen.  Walpole.  But  the  latter,  replete 
with  indignation  at  the  late  proceedings, 
rejected  the  compliment  with  contempt, 
and  transmitted  a  letter  in  return,  in 
which  he  accused  the  members  of  perfidy, 
and  made  use  of  such  strong  expressions, 
that  they  not  only  thought  proper  to  ex- 
punge the  answer  from  their  minutes, 
but  even  debated  on  the  propriety  of 
arresting  the  writer,  who  retired  from  the 
Island,  and  sheathed  his  sword  as  an  offi- 
cer of  the  line  for  ever. 

In  Jan.  1797,  on  a  vacancy  for  the  town 
of  Derby,  be  was  returned  to  Parliament 
through  the  interest  of  his  mother's 
family ;  and  in  the  same  year  be  voted 
in  favour  of  Parliamentary  Reform.  In 
1798  be  acted  as  second  to  Mr.  Tiemey, 
in  his  duel  with  Mr.  Pitt,  who  was  ac- 
companied to  the  field  by  Mr.  Ryder  (the 
present  Earl  of  Harrowby).  Continuing 
to  represent  Derby,  and  to  act  with  the 
Whig  opposition,  be  was,  on  their  coming 
into  power  in  March  1806,  appointed 
Under-  Secretary  of  State  to  Mr.  Fox,  in 
the  Foreign  department ;  and  we  presume 
it  was  at  the  same  period  that  he  obtained 
the  grant  or  reversion  of  his  office  of 
Comptroller  of  the  Excise. 

At  the  election  of  1807  he  was  returned 
for  Dungarvan,  for  which  he  was  re- 
chosen  in  1812  and  1818,  and  finally  re- 
tired from  Parliament  in  1820. 

Mr.  Walpole  has  died  unmarried. 


Si  a  Thomas  Wallace,  Bart. 

Oct.  4.  At  Corbelly,  near  Dumfries, 
aged  85,  Sir  Thomas  Dunlop  Wallace, 
the  sixth  Baronet  of  Craigie,  co.  Ayr, 
Bart.  (1664)). 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  Dunlop, 


esq.  of  Dunlop,  by  Frances- Anne,  daugh- 
ter and  heiress  of  Sir  Thomas  Wallace, 
the  fifth  Baronet,  and  the  patroness  of 
the  poet  Burns.    In  consequence  of  a 
private  arrangement,  his  second  brother, 
the  late  General  Dunlop,  of  South  wick, 
who  for  years  represented  the  Stewartry 
of  Kirkcudbright,  heired  the  family  estates, 
while  the  deceased  succeeded  to  the  titles 
and  possessions  of  his  grandfather  Sir 
Thomas  Wallace  of  Craigie — a  family 
which  traces  its  descent  from  the  twelfth 
century,  and,  what  is  nobler  still,  gave 
birth  to  (as  a  cadet)  the  hero  of  Scotland 
Sir  William-  Wallace.    Another  member 
of  this  house,  who  bore  the  name  of 
Sir  Thomas,  was  second  in  command  at 
the  buttle  of  Sark,  and  killed  the  English 
commander  with  his  own  hand,  although 
he  himself  afterwards  fell  mortally  wound- 
ed.   The  late  Mrs.  Dunlop  had  five  son*, 
all  of  whom  arrived  at  man's  estate. 
The  second,  General  Andrew,  died  while 
Governor  of  Dominica;  and  General 
James,  who  served  with  distinction  in 
America,  India,  and  Spain,  was  father  to 
the  present  Laird  of  Dunlop,  and  liberal 
member  for  Ayrshire.    John,  the  fourth, 
died  comparatively  young ;  as  did' Antho- 
ny, the  fifth,  after  gaining  distinction  as 
an  officer  in  the  navy. 

In  bis  youth  Sir  Thomas  Wallace 
adopted  the  military  profession,  and  saw 
much  service  in  America.  He  rose  to 
the  rank  of  Lieut  -  Colonel,  but  retired 
shortly  after  the  peace  of  1 78k  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Baronetcy  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  death  of  his  maternal  grandfather, 
the  remainder  extending  to  heirs  general. 

He  was  twice  married ;  and  by  his  first 
wife  Eglinton,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Maxwell,  the  fourth  Bart,  of  Montreith, 
co.  Wigton,  and  sister  to  Jane  Duchess 
of  Gordon,  lias  left  issue  his  son  and  suc- 
cessor. Sir  John  Alexander  Walla**, 
K.C.B.  a  Major.  General  in  the  army, 
who  commanded  the  gallant  88th  regi- 
ment with  great  distinction  in  Spain 
during  the  Peninsular  war,  as  also  in 
Egypt,  India,  and  various  other  parts  of 
the  world. 


Major- Gen.  Sin  John  Dalrymple,  Bt. 

May  26.  At  the  residence  of  bis 
brother-in-law,  Bruntsfield-house,  Scot- 
land, Sir  John  Dalrymple,  the  fifth  Baro- 
net, of  North  Berwick,  co.  Haddington 
(1697),  a  Major- General  in  the  army. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Sir  Hew 
Dalrymple  Hamilton,  the  third  Baronet, 
by  his  cousin-german  Janet,  daughter  of 
William  Duff,  esq.  of  Crombie.  He  was 
appointed  Cornet  in  the  28th  dragoons  in 
1795,  Lieutenant  in  1797,  and  served  for 
three  years  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]         Obituary. — Lt.~CoL  Hardy.— John  Willis,  M.D,    •>  549 


from  1796  to  1798.  In  1800  he  attained 
the  rank  of  Captain,  aod  in  1802  be  was 
reduced  to  half- pay. 

He  was  appointed  to  command  the 
flank  battalion,  styled  the  North  Berwick 
volunteers,  Jan.  1,  1803,  and  removed  to 
a  company  in  the  73d  foot  in  July,  and 
thence  to  the  42d  in  August  of  the  same 
year.  In  Jan.  1805  he  was,  on  a  vacancy, 
returned  to  Parliament  for  the  Hadding- 
ton district  of  burghs :  but  vacated  his 
seat  on  being  ordered  to  foreign  service, 
March  17,  1806. 

In  March  1805  he  was  appointed  to  a 
Majority  in  the  64th,  in  Dec.  following 
to  a  Lieut. -Colonelcy  in  the  10th  foot, 
and  moved  to  the  22d  in  Oct.  1806.  He 
served  those  two  years  in  the  West 
Indies,  and  three  in  the  East  Indies 
1807  to  1809.  He  attained  the  rank  of> 
Colonel  in  1813,  and  of  Major  General 
in  1819.  Subsequently  he  had  a  com- 
mand in  Madras. 

He  succeeded  to  the  Baronetcy  on  the 
93d  Feb.  1834,  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother  the  late  Sir  Hew  Dalrymple 
Hamilton,  Bart,  (of  whom  a  memoir  will 
be  found  in  vol.  l  of  our  present  series, 
p.  533).  He  married,  July  30,  1806, 
Charlotte,  only  daughter  of  the  late  Sir 
Patrick  Warrender,  of  Locbend,  county 
Haddington,  Bart.  M.  P.  and  sister  to 
the  present  Right  Hon.  Sir  George 
Warrender;  by  whom  he  had  issue  two 
sons  and  five  daughters  :  1 .  Helen- Jane ; 
2.  Georgina  ;  3.  Sir  Hew  Dalrymple, 
born  in  1814,  who  has  succeeded  to  the 
Baronetcy ;  4.  Charlotte ;  5.  Janet ;  6. 
John;  and  7.  Patricia. 


Lieut. -Col.  Hajidy. 

April  16.  At  Trinidad, aged  50,  Lieut- 
Col.  Henry  Hardy,  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the 
19th  foot,  and  the  officer  in  command  of 
his  Majesty's  troops  serving  in  that  island. 

At  the  early  age  of  fifteen  he  entered 
the  army  as  Ensign  in  the  12th  foot,  and 
joined  that  regiment  in  1801  in  the  East 
Indies.  He  was  promoted  to  a  Lieuten- 
ancy in  the  following  year,  and  to  a  Com- 

n>  in  the  3d  Ceylon  regiment  in  1804. 
809  he  exchanged  into  the  19th  foot, 
then  serving  in  Ceylon,  and  on  the  arrival 
of  Gen.  Sir  R.  Brownrigg,  as  Comman- 
der of  the  Forces,  he  was  appointed 
principal  Aide-de-Camp.  In  1814  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major  by 
brevet,  and  was  appointed  by  General 
Brownrigg  his  Military  Secretary;  in 
which  important  and  confidential  situa- 
tion he  obtained  the  sincere  esteem  of 
that  distinguished  officer,  who,  on  occa- 
sion of  the  conquest  of  the  kingdom  of 
Kandyin  1815,  promoted  him  to  the  rank 
of  Lieut.- Colonel,  and  soon  alter  to  the 


office  of  Deputy  Quartermaster  general. 
His  intrepid  conduct  and  able  manage- 
ment on  that  service,  during  the  formid- 
able rebellion  which  ensued  two  years 
after,  contributed  very  materially  to  the 
crushing  of  that  insurrection,  and  to  the 
complete  conquest  of  that  most  difficult 
country. 

In  1820  he  accompanied  SirR.  Brown- 
rigg to  England,  and,  having  been  ap- 

Eointed  to  a  Majority  in  the  16th  foot, 
y  purchase,  exchanged  to  half-pay,  for 
the  purpose  of  returning  to  his  post  in 
Ceylon ;  but  he  was  obliged  again  to  quit 
it,  bv  ill-health,  in  1826. 

He  was  then  appointed  to  a  Majority 
in  the  9th  foot,  and  in  1828  to  a  Lieut. 
Colonelcy  in  bis  old  regiment,  the  I9tb, 
upon  which  he  embarked  for  the  West 
Indies,  and  took  the  command  of  the 
corps,  with  which  he  continued  until  his 
lamented  death.  The  Governor  of  Tri- 
nidad Sir  G.  Hill,  in  a  letter  addressed 
on  the  day  after  Col.  Hardy's  decease  to 
bis  successor  Lieut.-  Col.  Doherty,  desired 
him  "  to  express  in  Orders  the  estimation 
in  which,  as  Commander-in-Chief,  I  held 
that  excellent  gentleman.  His  Majesty 
has  lost  in  him  one  of  his  most  loyal  sub- 
jects, and  one  of  his  most  valuable  mili- 
tary officers.  The  officers  of  the  19th 
have  lost  their  friend,  their  adviser,  their 
hospitable  cheerful  companion,  whose 
courteous  manner  and  moral  example 
secured  the  well-being,  and  much  con- 
tributed to  establish  the  character,  of  that 
corps  for  all  that  is  correct  and  gentle- 
manlike. The  non-commissioned  officers 
and  privates  of  the  19th  regiment  lost,  in 
the  lamented  death  of  Colonel  Hardy,  a 
humane  protector,  a  charitable  reliever  of 
their  wants  and  difficulties,  and  a  gene- 
rous contributor  to  and  superintendent  of 
the  education  of  their  children.  Society  at 
large  has  been  deprived  of  a  truly  honest 
and  honourable  member ;  and  I  have  to 
deplore  the  loss  of  a  sincere  friend." 

John  Wilus,  M.D. 
Oct.  2.  At  the  house  of  his  relation 
the  Rev.  Peregrine  Curtois,  Vicar  of 
Hranston  near  Lincoln,  in  his  84th  year. 
John  Willis,  M.D.  of  Greatford,  in  that 
county. 

He  was  the  second  and  last  surviving 
of  the  five  sons  of  the  justly  celebrated 
Doctor  Willis,  whose  virtues,  skill,  and 
benevolence  he  inherited.  His  profes- 
sional services,  as  is  well  known,  were 
successfully  rendered,  together  with  his 
father's,  to  our  venerated  Sovereign 
George  II L  and  be  was  held  in  the  high- 
est esteem  bv  every  branch  of  the  Royal 
Family.  The  establishment,  founded  by 
his  father  above  seventy  years  since,  has 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


550 


Obituary. — John  Willis,  MJ). — T.  J.  Mathias,  Esq.  [Nor. 


been  continued  by  him  to  the  present 
time,  with  the  same  distinguished  repute. 
He  enjoyed  the  blessing  of  good  health 
and  spirits,  the  result  of  a  life  spent  in 
constant  submission  and  love  towards  his 
Maker  and  good-will  towards  man,  to  the 


Few  men  have  been  more  extensively 
beloved;  his  splendid  establishment  at 

Greatford  enabled  him  to  give  a  most 
libera]  patronage  to  numerous  tradesmen 
and  others,  and  in  all  cases  his  friend- 
ship was  found  to  be  enduring  and  valu- 
able.   On  Monday  in  the  week  of  his 
death,  he  was  one  of  the  splendid  party 
at  Burghley-bouse  to  meet  the  Duchess 
of  Kent  and  the  Princess  Victoria ;  on 
the  Tuesday  he  had  a  large  dinner  party 
at  his  own  house ;  on  Wednesday  he  went 
to  Long.hiU  ;  and  on  Thursday  attended 
at  Lincoln  races  with  General  Reynard  - 
son,  and  dined  at  the  ordinary  in  full 
health  and  spirits.    His  health  was  pro. 
posed  and  drunk  with  that  enthusiasm 
and  joyous  feeUng  which  the  mention  of 
his  name  always  inspired,  and  the  worthy 
Doctor  returned  thanks  in  a  pleasing  and 
cheerful  manner.  After  enjoying  the  con- 
viviality of  the  party  for  a  few  hours,  he 
returned  to  Mr.  Curtois's,  and  retired  to 
rest  as  usual.    Upon  being  called  by  his 
servant  in  the  morning,  in  answer  to  the 
inquiry  after  his  health,  he  said  he  had 
enjoyed  a  most  comfortable  night's  rest, 
and  never  felt  better;  but  shortly  after 
his  servant  found  him  extended  on  the 
floor  quite  dead,  with  a  placid  mild  smile 
beaming,  as  in  life,  from  his  countenance. 
He  has  left  property  to  the  amount  of 
about  300,(XXV.    By  his  wiU  the  estates 
and  establishment  at  Greatford  and  Shil- 
lingthorpe  are  bequeathed  to  his  nephew 
Dr.  Francis  Willis,  son  of  the  late  Dr. 
WiUis  of  Bloomsbury.square ;  the  sum  of 
20,00O£  to  each  of  his  nieces,  sisters  of 
the  Rev.  P.  Curtois;  10,000/.  to  Mr. 
Bowman,  who  for  more  than  fifty  years 
was  the  chief  assistant  in  his  establish- 
ment;  and  the  Rev.  P.  Curtois,  Rector 
of  Branston,  is  the  residuary  legatee,  and 
will,  it  is  said,  in  that  character  acquire 
100,0(X)/. 

Dr.  Willis  was  never  married. 


T.  J.  Mathjab,  Esq.  F.RS.  F.S.A. 
Aug.  .  .  At  Naples,  Thomas  James 
Mathias,  esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  a  Royal 
Associate  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Lite- 
rature. 

Mr.  Mathias  was  a  member  of  a  family 
which  was  patronized  by  the  late  Queen 
Charlotte.  Vincent  Mathias,  esq.  of  the 
Queen's  Treasury,  who  died  in  1799  in 
his  75tb  year,  married  Marianne,  daughter 


of  A  lured  Popple,  esq.  and  left  three  sons. 
Gabriel  Mathias,  esq.  was  attached  to  the 
same  office ;  Andrew  Mathias,  esq.  was 
Surgeon  Extraordinary  to  the  Quern; 
and  the  gentleman  now  deceased  was  for 
some  years  Treasurer  of  the  Household 
to  her  Majesty. 

Mr.  Mathias  received  his  education  at 
Eton,  and  thence  removed  to  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  1774,  without  any  honour 
in  mathematics.    He  was  consequently 
not  qualified  for  the  then  only  classical 
honour  at  degree,  the  Chancellor's  medal. 
However,  in  the  next  year  he  obtained 
one  of  the  Member's  prizes  for  the  best 
dissertation  in  Latin  prose,  and  in  1776 
he  gained  one  of  the  same  prizes  as  a 
senior  Bachelor.    In  the  latter  year  he 
was  elected  to  a  fellowship  in  his  college; 
and  in  the  second  volume  of  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  p.  676,  is  printed 
the  admirable  Latin  letter  which  he  ad. 
dressed  to  the  several  members  of  the  so- 
ciety previous  to  the  election,  as  well  as 
that  of  the  late  Bishop  Mansel,  on  the 
like  occasion. 

His  first  publication  was  « Runic  Odes, 
imitated  from  the  Norse  Tongue,  in  the 
manner  of  Mr.  Gray,*  printed  at  London, 
4to.  1781. 

In  1783  he  published  <An  Essay  on 
the  evidence  external  and  internal,  relating 
to  the  poems  attributed  to  Thomas  Row- 
ley.' 

In  1794  appeared  the  first  part  of  an 
anonymous  poem  entitled  «  The  Pursuits 
of  Literature,'  which,  when  completed  in 
four  parts,  attracted  universal  attention, 
chiefly  on  account  of  the  notes,  which 
abound  in  deep  and  discriminating  criti- 
cism on  public  men  and  opinions.  Jt  was 
justly  observed  that  "the  cause  of  litera- 
ture has  never  been  supported  in  a  day  of 
danger  and  perversion,  upon  principles 
more  excellent,  or  with  powers  better 
adapted  to  their  object."  After  ascrib- 
ing this  work  to  various  writers  of  high 
rank,  the  general  voice  united  in  fixing  it 
on  Mr.  Mathias,  though  many  still  thought 
that  he  had  received  material  assistance 
from  correspondents. 

His  other  works,  chiefly  of  a  light,  sa- 
tyricul,  and  evanescent  nature,  and  many 
of  them  privately  printed,  were  as  foUow : 

Latin  Ode,  addressed  to  Mr.  Orde, 
Governor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  1791. 

«A  Remonstrance  from  the  Parrot  to 
the  Public  Orator' (Latin).  March  1714. 

*  The  Imperial  Epistle  from  Kien  Lons: 
to  George  III/  1794-.  8 

«  Letter  to  the  Marquis  of  Bucking- 
ham, chiefly  on  the  subject  of  the  nume- 
rous French  emigrant  Priests,  by  a  Lav- 
man.'  1798.  1  y 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.] 


Obituabt.— T.  J.  Mathias,  Esq.  55! 


*  The  Political  Dramatist  of  the  House 
of  Common*.'  1796. 

«  A  Pair  of  Epistles  to  Dr.  Randolph 
and  the  Earl  of  Jersey.'  1797. 

*  The  Shade  of  Alexander  Pope,  on 
tbe  bank*  of  the  Thames,  a  satirical  poem, 
with  notes,  occasioned  chiefly,  but  not 
wholly,  by  the  residence  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Henry  G rattan.'  1798. 

« Odea,  English  and  Latin,*  1796,  small 
octavo ;  not  published. 

4  A  Letter  occasioned  by  tbe  death  of 
tbe  Rev.  Norton  Nicholls,  LL.  R.  Rector 
of  Lound  and  Bradwell  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk;'  privately  printed,  and  first  pub- 
lished in  tne  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol. 
cxxx.  ii.  316-351.  Mr.  Nicholls  had 
been  tbe  friend  and  correspondent  of 
Gray  the  poet.  As  a  mark  of  friendship, 
he  bequeathed  his  books  to  Mr.  Mathias, 
and  a  considerable  sum  of  money  in  the 
event  (which  did  not  take  place)  of  his 
surviving  one  of  his  own  near  relations. 
Mr.  Nicholls,  as  well  as  Mr.  Mathias, 
was  much  distinguished  by  his  elegant 
and  extensive  classicul  acquirements,  and 
his  taste  for  general  literature,  particularly 
the  Italian. 

•  Works  of  Thomas  Gray;  with  his 
Life,  and  additions,'  printed  at  Cambridge. 
1814.  2  vols.  4fo.  This  magnificent 
work,  though  valuable  as  even  the  frag- 
ments and  sweepings  from  the  portfolio 
of  so  distinguished  a  genius  and  scholar, 
was  very  unprofitable  to  the  editor ;  and 
would  have  been  more  seriously  injurious 
to  him,  had  it  not  been  for  the  kindness 
and  liberality  of  Pembroke  college,  under 
whose  auspices  it  was  undertaken,  and 
who  purchased  a  large  number  of  copies. 
This  disappointment,  however,  coinciding 
with  the  establishment  of  general  peace 
in  1814,  and  with  finances  always  very 
limited,  induced  Mr.  Mathias  to  quit  this 
country  for  Naples,  where  he  resided, 
much  cultivated  and  respected  by  eminent 
persona  of  rank  and  literature,  both  of 
that  country  and  his  own,  until  his  death. 

We  add  some  descriptive  anecdotes  of 
Mr.  Mathias,  when  in  Italy,  furnished  by 
a  writer  in  the  '  Athenamm.' 

M I  became  acquainted  with  Mr.  Ma- 
thias at  Naples  in  1823;  he  had  then 
been  a  resident  in  that  city  for  some 
yew*,  and  was  much  esteemed  and  valued 
oy  the  few  among  the  Neapolitans  who 
had  any  pretensions  to  literature.  He 
had  translated  into  Italian  several  of  our 
English  poems,  which  appeared  to  great 
advantage  in  their  new  garb,  but  his  se- 
lections were  not  always  fortunate,  as 
witness  Armstrong's  'Art  of  Health.'* 


The  Italians  were  as  much  surprised  as 

delighted  at  his  proficiency  in  their  har- 
monious language,  and  I  have  heard 
several  of  the  literati  amongst  them  be- 
stow tbe  warmest  eulogiums  on  the  puri- 
ty and  precision  with  which  be  wrote  it. 
Though  his  writings  displayed  a  perfect 
knowledge  and  mastery  of  Italian,  his 
conversation  in  that  language  was  not  re- 
markable either  for  its  fluency  or  correct- 
ness; but  conversation  in  any  language 
was  not  his  forte,  for  his  colloquial 
powers  were  so  very  limited,  that  one 
could  not  help  feeling  surprised,  that  a 
man  possessed  of  so  much  erudition  should 
bring  so  little  interesting  matter  into  the 
general  mart  of  society.  Any  allusion  to 
*  The  Pursuits  of  Literature'  was  ex- 
tremely offensive  to  him.  It  was  believed, 
that  the  personal  severity  of  several  of  the 
observations  in  that  book  had  drawn  on 
the  supposed  author  some  very  disagree- 
able demands  for  satisfaction,  which  be 
evaded,  by  equivocating  about  the  author- 
ship, a  denial  which  he  felt  himself  bound 
to  persist  in  to  the  last.  In  stature,  Ma- 
thias was  below  tbe  middle  size :  in  face, 
he  bore  a  striking  resemblance  to  Sir 
Francis  Burdett.  He  was  particularly 
neat  in  his  attire,  and  scrupulously  clean 
in  his  person.  He  was  universally  re- 
spected at  Naples ;  and  though  possessed 
of  little,  if  any,  fortune  besides  the  pen- 
sion granted  to  him  by  the  late  King,  he 
maintained  an  independent  and  respecta- 
ble station,  and  was  a  welcome  guest  in  all 
the  houses  occupied  by  English  residents. 
The  fine  climate,  the  cheapness  of  the 
luxuries  he  liked,  the  cheerful  society, 
and  the  respect  his  acquirements  bad  won 
for  him,  must  have  rendered  tbe  residence 
of  Mr.  Mathias  at  Naples  the  most  agree- 
able part  of  his  life.  He  spoke  of  it  as 
such,  and  seemed  to  shrink  as  if  exposed 
to  cold,  when  a  return  to  England  was 
named,  as  among  the  possibilities  of 
fate." 

We  have  reserved,  for  a  separate  rata, 
logue,  an  imperfect  list  of  Mr.  Mathias's 
Italian  publications  : 

4  Rime  Scelte  de  Francesco  Petrarca. '  * 

*  Componimenti  Lirici  de'  piu  IUustri 
Poeti  d'  Italia,'  &c.  3  vols,  small  8vo. 
1802. 

4  Aggiunti  ai  Componinenti  Lirici,'  &c 
3  vols,  small  8vo. 

'  Comentari  interno  all'  Istoria  della 
Poesia  Italiana,  da  Cresccmbini,'  3  vols, 
small  8vo.  1803. 

*  Istoria  della  Poesia  Italiana  da  Giro- 
lamo  Tiraboscbi,'  3  vols,  small  8vo.  1803. 

'Canzoni  Toscani  de  T.  J.  Mathias.' 


•  Why  uufortunate  ?  It  is  a  poem  of  great  beauty  and  excellence,  and  we  think 
well  chosen.    The  Italians  abound  in  didactic  poems. — Ed. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


552        Obituaiy.— T.  J.  Mat  Mas,  E*q.—Rev.  W.  Long.  [Nor- 


4to.  and  small  octavo.  These  original 
compositions,  addressed  by  Mr.  Mat  hi  as 
to  some  of  bis  learned  friends,  were  first 
prefixed  to  the  publications  before  enume- 
rated. A  complete  edition  of  them  was 
afterwards  printed,  with  notes,  by  Ste- 
fana  Kpidio  Petronj,  an  eminent  Italian 
resident  in  England,  who  bore 
iirable  testimony  to  the  purity  and 
elegance  of  Mr.  Mathias's  Italian  muse. 
No  Englishman,  probably,  since  the  days 
of  Milton,  had  cultivated  the  Italian  lan- 
guage with  so  much  success. 

•  Saffa,  drama  lirica  tradotta  dell'  In- 
glese  di  Mason.'  1807. 

*  Licidas  di  Giov.  Milton,  tradotta  dell' 
Inglese.'  1812. 

4  Delia  Kagion  Poetica  de  Gravina.' 
1806. 

We  add  a  few  observations  on  Mr. 
Mathias's  works  by  a  correspondent : 

"  Mr.  Mathias  had  claims  on  public 
attention  from  two  causes;  his  4  Italian 
Literature/  and  the  poem  called  the  4  Pur- 
suits of  Literature.' 

44  Of  his  proficiency  in  the  former,  there 
can  be  no  doubt;  he  composed  in  the 
language  of  Petrarch,  with  elegance  and 
correctness :  though  he  could  not  converse 
with  facility,  probably  from  never  having 
been  in  Italy  till  towards  the  end  of  his 
life. 

44  As  he  never  owned  the  authorship 
of  the  *  Pursuits  of  Literature,'  many 
doubts  and  disputes  arise  on  the  subject. 
We  are  surprised  that  those  persons  in- 
terested in  the  inquiry,  never  brought  for. 
ward  some  poems  written  by  him  at 
Cambridge  against  Dr.  Watson,  then 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  which  are  the 
very  prototypes  of  the  '  Pursuits,*  both  in 
the  versification  and  the  notes. 

44  The  '  Pursuits'  oecasioned  much  bus- 
tle in  the  literary  world,  from  the  poignant 
remarks  and  slashing  satire  on  contempo- 
rary characters.  The  book,  however, 
gradually  kept  sinking  into  the  oblivion 
that  it  deserved.  The  poetry  is  of  a  very 
inferior  character;  except  in  a  few  hap- 
pier passages,  cumbrous,  heavy,  and  often 
prosaic ;  and  George  SteeveiiB  said  truly, 
4  it  was  only  a  peg  to  hang  the  notes  on.' 
The  prefaces  were  all  written  in  a  high, 
stilted  and  pompous  style,  very  artificial 
and  very  disagreeable.  The  notes  arc 
such  as  the  author  threw  off  from  his 
reading;  and  his  censures  are  as  often 
wrong  as  right.  His  abuse  of  Payne 
Knight  and  Parr  (who  were  immeasur- 
ably his  superiors  as  scholars)  was  absurd. 
As  far  as  concerns  P.  Knight's  book, 
which  he  so  abuses,  it  is  to  be  wished 
that  it  had  been  written  in  Latin.  There 
is  a  great  show  of  Greek  scholarship  in 
13 


the  notes  of  the  4  Pursuits  of  Literature;' 
but  it  is  very  inaccurate. 

44  Mr.  Mathias's  most  pleasing  publica- 
tion, is  bis  letter  on  the  death  of  his 
friend  Norton  Nicholls.  We  think  he 
completely  failed  in  his  edition  of  Gray. 
No  doubt  he  had  a  great  deal  of  reading ; 
but  his  restless  desire  of  shining,  led  him 
to  display  his  glittering  stores  of  erudition 
before  *  The  diamond  ripen'd  in  its  infant 
dew.'  As  a  severe  satirist,  an  elegant 
poet,  and  a  correct  scholar,  he  was  far 
excelled  by  the  late  Mr.  Gifford." 


Rev.  William  Long. 

July  .  .  At  Bromley-hill,  Kent,  aged 
76,  the  Rev.  William  Long,  Canon  of 
Windsor,  Rector  of  Sternfield,  Suffolk, 
and  of  Pulham,  Norfolk ;  only  surviving 
brother  to  Lord  Famborough. 

Mr.  Long  was  the  fifth  son  of  Beeston 
Long,  esq.  of  Carshalton,  by  Susannah, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Abraham  Crop, 
esq.  Me  was  a  member  of  Emanuel  col- 
lege, where  he  took  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
in  1788.  In  that  year  he  was  presented 
by  his  cousin  and  brother-in-law  Charles 
Long,  esq.  to  the  rectory  of  Sternfield 
and  to  that  of  Dennington,  both  in  Suf- 
folk. In  1808  he  was  presented  by  the 
King  to  the  rectory  of  Pulham  in  Nor- 
folk, when  he  resigned  that  of  Denning* 
ton.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  a  Canon 
of  Windsor. 

His  death  was  very  sudden,  occurring 
within  a  few  minutes  after  he  had  heen 
engaged  in  showing  some  visitors  of  dis- 
tinction over  his  brother's  beautiful  gar- 
den at  Bromley-biU.  He  was  never  mar- 
ried. 

Mr.  Long  had  a  taste  for  elegant  lite- 
rature, and  read  most  of  the  best  produc- 
tions in  history,  biography,  and  criticism, 
that  appeared.  He  possessed  a  con- 
siderable knowledge  of  Painting,  and 
was  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  arts; 
scarcely  a  year  passed  but  be  purchased 
some  pictures  of  modern  artists ;  and  be 
handsomely  bestowed  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's 4  Banished  Lord'  to  the  National 
Gallery.  He  was  also  from  his  knowledge 
and  judgment  made  Director  at  the  British 
Institution,  of  which  his  brother  Lord 
Kamborough  is  Vice-President. 

While  he  resided  in  the  country,  be 
was  friendly  and  hospitable  to  his  neigh, 
hours,  and  a  kind  benefactor  to  the  poor. 
His  table  was  elegant,  and  his  society 
select.  His  manners  hud  all  the  polite- 
ness of  a  man  of  the  world,  tempered  with 
the  decent  gravity  of  the  clergyman. 

George  the  Third  once,  and  justly,  on 
the  terrace  at  Windsor  paid  him  the  com- 
pliment of  saying — 4  Mr.  Long,  I  hear 
you  are  a  very  good  parish  priest ;'— aod 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1 835 .]        O b i t  u a r y.— Henry  O'Brien,  Esq. — Signor  Bellini.  553 

tbe  good  old  King  was  not  often  wrong  Ireland/  by  the  latter,  now  publishing  in 

in  his  knowledge  of  these  matters.    Mr.  Dr.  Lardner's  Encyclopedia,  in  which  he 

Long  preached  the  funeral  sermon  of  accused  tbe  historian  of  having  adopted 

George   tbe  Fourth.     He   bad  many  some  of  his  discoveries  without  acknow- 


friends  sincerely  attached  to  him ;  and  bis  ledgment. 

name  will  be  long  remembered  with  love  O'Brien's  spirit  was  of  a  nature  likely 

and  respect.  to  destroy  the  frame  in  which  it  was  em- 

— —  bodied.    Such  was  his  ardent  disposition, 

Henry  O'Brien,  Esq.  that  we  have  heard  htm  seriously  speak 

June  28.    At    Han  well,  Middlesex,  of  compiling  and  publishing  within  six 

aped  27,  Henry  O'Brien,  Esq.  months  a  Celtic  Dictionary,  although 

This  singular  antiquarian  enthusiast  knowing  nothing  of  the  language  or  its 

was,  we  believe,  a  native  of  the  county  of  various  dialects  at  the  time. 

Kerry,  and  was  educated  at  Trinity  college,  He  was  found  dead  in  his  bed,  at  the 

Dublin,  where  he  took  the  degree  of  house  of  a  friend  where  be  had  spent  the 

B.  A.  in  1831.    Being  stimulated  by  the  preceding  day  at  Hanwell,  and  lies  buried 

prize  offered  by  the  Royal  Irish  Academy  in  its  church -yard.  A  short  time  previous 

for  a  dissertation  on  the  Round  Towers  to  bis  death,  he  held  tbe  situation  of  tutor 

of  Ireland,  be  eagerly  applied  bis  studies  in  the  family  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls, 

to  that  subject,  ana  produced  an  essay,  was  presented  at  Court,  and  received  us  a 

which,  although  it  did  not  obtain  the  guest  at  Lansdowne-house.  In  his  cbarac 

prize,  was  yet  considered  so  elaborate  and  ter  as  a  teacher  be  was,  we  are  told,  be- 

meritorious,  that  the  Society  awarded  him  loved  and  respected  by  his  pupils. 

a  Bmall  sura  of  money,  the  consequence   

of  which  act  of  intended  kindness  was  Signor  Bellini. 
an  angry  correspondence  on  tbe  part  of  Sept.  23.  At  Puteaux,  near  Paris,  in 
Mr.  O'Brien.  his  29th  year,  Signor  Bellini,  the  coin- 
Shortly  after,  he  came  to  London,  poser  of 'I  Puritani,*  &c. 
where  he  employed  himself  in  arranging  Bellini  was  a  native  of  Catania,  in 
the  publication  of  bis  essay  ;  which,  with  Sicily.  His  father  and  grandfather  were 
various  additions  and  many  illustrative  both  musical  men ;  the  former  was  a 
embellishments,  be  at  length  published  in  chapel-master.  Bellini  studied  in  the 
1833  under  tbe  title  of  M  The  Round  conservatory  at  Naples,  and  was  a  pupil 
Towers  of  Ireland ;  or,  the  History  of  of  Zingarelli.  His  talent  developed  itself 
the  Tuath-de-Danaans  (being  tbe  Mys-  at  a  very  early  period,  and  before  he  had 
teries  of  Freemasonry,  of  Sabalsm,  and  attained  his  twentieth  year  he  had  written 
of  Budbism)  for  the  first  time  unveiled."  tbe  successful  opera  of  *  Bianca  e  Fer- 
He  had  published  earlier  in  that  year  nando,'  which  was  produced  at  the  San 
a  translation  of  "  Phoenician  Ireland,"  by  Carlos,  and  at  once  created  his  reputation, 
the  Spanish  antiquary  Villaneuva,  illus-  Within  the  following  year  he  brought  out 
trated  with  notes;  which  he  bad  brought  '  II  Pirata'  at  the  Scala  at  Milan;  and 
with  him  to  London  prepared  for  the  from  this  period  established  a  style  pe- 

5ress.    It  is  reviewed  in  the  Gentleman's  culiarly  his  own,  and  became  the  idol  of 

'agazine,  vol.  cm.  ii.  340.  the  Milanese.    This  opera  was  succeeded 

Shortly  before  his  death  he  had  an-  by  the  '  Straniem/  at  the  same  theatre, 

flounced  for  publication  ««  The  Pyramids  The  opera  of  4  Zaire*  followed  next,  and 

of  Egypt  for  the  first  time  Unveiled."  was  first  represented  at  Parma.    His  suc- 

A  letter  which  he  addressed  to  Mr.  ceeding  works  were  written  as  follow: — 

Urban,  in  defence  of  our  reviewer's  re-  *  La  Sonnambula,'  for  Naples ;  *  I  Canu- 

marks  on  bis  "  Pillar  Towers,"  will  be  letti  e  I  Montecchi,*  for  Venice ;  « Nor- 

found  in  our  vol.  II.  p.  365.  ma,'  for  Milan ;  •  Beatrice  Tenda,'  for 

Fondly  imagining  that  he  was  the  au-  Venice ;  and  '  1  Puritani,'  for  the  Italian 

tbor  of  most  profound  discoveries,  and  as  Opera  at  Paris. 

it  were  the  founder  of  a  new  historical  The  loss  of  this  highly-gifted  composer 

creed,  Mr.  O'Brien  was  always  in  a  state  thus  in  the  noon,  or  rather  morning,  of 

of  the  highest  excitement.    By  tbe  gran-  bis  renown,  will  be  severely  felt  by  the 

dear  of  his  theories,  be  was  removed  far  musical  world,  and  scarcely  less  by  a  very 

above  any  feeling  of  deference  tocontcm-  large  circle  in  society,  both  at  Paris  and 

try  criticism ;  yet  he  was  very  anxious  throughout  the  greater  part  of  Italy ;  to 

publicity,  and  where  his  lucubrations  which,  independently  of  the  admiration 

were  treated  with  ridicule  instead  of  felt  for  his  genius,  he  had  endeared  him  - 

serious  refutation,  he  was  acutely  irritated,  self  by  the  kind  and  modest  amiability  of 

We  have  seen  the  copies  of  a  curious  his  manners  and  character, 

correspondence  between  him  and  the  He  bad  promised  to  write  an  opera  for 

part  Aloore,  relative  to  the  *  History  of  the  Academic  dc  Musique  in  Paris,  and 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV.  ±3 


porat 

for  r 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


554 


Obituaby. — Clergy  Deceased.  [Nor. 


had  retired  to  Puteaux  for  the  purpose 
of  pursuing  bis  musical  labours,  and 
making  new"  efforts  to  reach  tbat  first-rate 
eminence  as  a  composer  to  which  his  dis- 
tinguished talents  entitled  him  to  aspire. 
His  illness  lasted  only  a  fortnight,  but  he 
hud  been  once  before  attacked  in  Italy 
with  the  same  disorder  (dysentery). 

Bellini  was  in  person  of  very  agreeable 
aspect;  his  manners  were  refined  and  ele- 
gant, and  his  disposition  highly  amiable. 
He  had  received!  the  decoration  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Francis  from  the  King  of 
Naples,  and  the  Cross  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour.  His  funeral  took  place  at  the 
church  des  Invalides.  Cherubim's  Be- 
quicm  was  executed  by  two  hundred  in- 
strumental performers  and  singers ;  after 
which  the  body  was  removed  to  the  ceme- 
tery of  Pere  la  Chaise. 


Clergy  Deceased. 

At  Demerara,  in  his  24th  year,  the 
Rev.  William  Henry  Brawn,  Rector  of 
St.  Peter's,  Island  of  Levirin,  Demernra, 
only  surviving  son  of  Mr.  John  Brown, 
woolstapler,  Alnwick. 

At  Kingstown,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Druetty 
M.A.  many  years  Rector  of  Dean,  co. 
Cavan,  and  Surrogate  of  the  diocese  of 
Dromorc. 

At  Tillington  Court,  Herefordshire, 
aged  76,  the  Rev.  Edward  Eckley,  Rec- 
tor of  Credenbill,  in  that  county,  to  which 
church  he  was  presented  in  1785  by  E, 
Eckley,  esq.  lie  has  bequeathed  1000/. 
to  the  Hereford  Infirmary,  200/.  to  the 
Blue  Coat  School  in  that  city,  and  100/. 
to  the  Herefordshire  Society  in  London. 
He  is  succeeded  at  Credenbill  by  the  Rev. 
John  Edmund  Eckley. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Philip  Foley,  Rector 
of  Oidwinsford,  Worcestershire,  and 
of  Wombourn,  Staffordshire.  He  was 
the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Philip  Foley, 
Rector  of  Shelsley,  Worcestershire,  (se- 
cond cousin  to  the  first  Lord  Foley,)  by 
Anne,  only  daughter  of  John  Titroasb, 
of  Barring  ton  in  Cambridgeshire,  esq. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  1779  as  fourth  Junior  Optime, 
M.A.  1782.  He  was  presented  to 
Wombourn  in  1801  by  the  Hon.  Edw. 
Foley,  and  to  Oldswinford,  recently. 
He  is  succeeded  in  the  latter  living  by 
the  Rev.  Richard  Foley,  through  the 
patronage  of  Lord  Ward. 

At  an  advanced  age,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Hcynes,  B.A.  Vicar  of  Wolverley,  Wor- 
cestershire, to  which  church  he  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Wor- 
cester in  1814  He  recently  resigned  his 
minor  canonry  in  Worcester  cathedral, 
which  he  had  held  for  more  than  forty 
years. 


The  Rev.  Francis  A'ico/Z,  D.  D.  Princi- 
pal of  the  United  College  of  St.  Salvator 
and  St  Leonard  in  the  University  of  St 
Andrew's. 

Aged  75,  the  Rev.  W.  Porteus,  Rector 
of  Boho,  co.  Fermanagh. 

The  Rev.  Hugh  StowcU,  Rector  of 
Ballaugh,  Isle  of  Man,  lata  Perpetual 
Curate  of  St  Stephen's,  Salford,  Lanca- 
shire. 

In  his  82d  year,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Thompson,  Vicar  of  Adlingtleet,  York- 
shire, to  which  church  he  was  presented 
in  1822  by  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon. 

Aged  75,  the  Rev.  Charles  Western, 
for  fifty  years  Rector  of  Kingharo,  Ox- 
fordshire, and  one  of  the  oldest  magis- 
trates for  that  county.  He  was  presented 
to  his  living  by  Mrs.  Foley,  in  1785, 

April  20.  At  Lopen,  near  Crewkerne, 
aged  85,  the  Rev.  John  Templeman,  Rec- 
tor of  Crickett  St.  Thomas.  He  was  of 
King's  college,  Cambridge,  M.A.  1792; 
and  was  presented  to  bis  living  by  Lord 
Bridport. 

Sept.  7.  Aged  82,  the  Rev.  John 
RudalL,  Vicar  of  Crediton,  Devonshire, 
to  which  he  was  elected  by  the  Governors 
of  the  Church  trust  in  1793. 

Sept.  13.  At  Fulmodeston,  Norfolk, 
in  his  85th  year,  the  Rev.  Peter  Sandiford, 
D.D.  Rector  of  Fulmodeston  cum  Crox- 
ton,  of  Newton  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  and  of 
Asbburv,  Berkshire.  He  was  a  son 
of  the  Rev.  Rowland  Sandiford,  Vicar  of 
Christ  Church,  London,  and  brother  to 
the  late  Ven.  Charles  Sandiford,  Arch- 
deacon of  Wells,  memoirs  of  whom  will 
be  found  in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xcvi.  L 
474,  563.  He  was  educated  with  his 
brother  at  St.  Paul's  school,  and  removed 
thence  to  Corpus  Christi  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.  A.  in  1771, 
as  fourth  Senior  Optime,  M. A.  1774 ; 
and  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  New- 
ton by  tbat  society.  He  was  collated  to 
Fulmodeston  in  1810  by  Dr.  Dampier, 
then  Bp.  of  Ely;  and  to  Ashbury  in 
1820  by  Dr.  Beadon,  Bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells.  He  was  for  many  years  Chaplain 
to  Archbishop  Moore;  was  a  friend  of 
the  Antiquaries  Gough  and  Tyson ;  and 
a  correspondent  of  the  late  Mr.  Nichols 
(see  the  Literary  Auecdotes  of  the  Eigh- 
teenth Century,  vol.  vii.  p.  670.) 

Sept.  19.  At  Bodmin,  the  Rev.  L.  J. 
Boor,  Master  of  the  Grammar  School, 
and  Chaplain  to  the  County  Prisous  and 
Lunatic  Asylum. 

Sept.  21.  At  Eskdalerauir,  in  the  69th 
year  of  his  age  and  the  44th  of  his  minis- 
try, the  Rev.  miliam  Brovnt  D.D. 
minister  of  that  parish,  and  author  of  the 
"  Antiquities  of  the  Jews." 

Sept.  21.  At  Eye,  aged  85,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Wythe,  Vicar  of  Eye,  and  Rector 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1835*]  Obii 

of  Great  Bradley,  Suffolk,  and  a  Preben- 
dary of  .Lichfield.  He  was  of  Caius  coll. 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  B.A. 
1771  as  eighth  Junior  Optime,  M.A. 
1774*,  and  was  afterwards  for  many  years 
a  Fellow  of  that  Society.  He  was  insti- 
tuted ro  Great  Bradley  in  1786,  to  Eye 
a  few  years  ago ;  aud  was  collated  to  the 
prebend  of  Tachbrook,  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Lichfield,  by  the  late  Bishop 
CornwaUis,  in  1797.  This  prebend  was, 
by  the  consent  of  the  same  prelate,  on 
the  first  vacancy,  attached  to  the  Perpe- 
tual Curacy  of  Christ  Church,  Birming- 
ham, and  now  devolves  upon  the  Rev. 
John  George  Breay. 

Sept.  25.  At  Cbelsworth  bouse,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Robert  Pocklington,  aged  81, 
the  Rev.  James  Valium,  Prebendary  of 
Lincoln,  and  Rector  of  Great  Thurlow, 
Nacton,  and  Levington,  Suffolk ;  uncle 
to  the  llev.  Sir  Thomas  Cull um,  Bart. 
He  was  the  eighth  and  youngest  son  of 
Sir  John  the  fifth  Baronet,  by  bis  second 
wife  Susannah,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gcry,  knt.  He  was  of  Christ's  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A  1777,  M.A.  1780;  was 
presented  to  Great  Thurlow  by  Lord 
Chancellor  Thurlow  in  1786,  instituted 
to  Nacton  with  Levington  in  1787,  and 
collated  to  the  prebend  of  Carlton  cum 
Thurlow  by  Bp.  Tomline  in  1810.  He 
married  in  1 786,  Anne,  daughter  and  co- 
heir of  Anthony  Blagrave,  esq.  of  Calcot, 
Berks,  by  whom  be  had  two  daughters. 

Oct.  15.  At  Heading,  on  bis  return 
from  London  to  Penzance,  aged  40,  the 
Rev.  Ednard  Carlton  Combcrbatcft,  M.A. 
of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

July  27.  In  Norton -street,  James 
Gilbert  Burnett,  esq.  F.L.S.  Professor 
of  Botany  in  King's  College,  London, 
and  Demonstrator  to  the  Society  of  Apo- 
thecaries ;  author  of  •*  Outlines  of  Bo- 
tany," in  2  vols.  8vo,  and  other  elementary 
works.  His  disposition  was  amiable 
and  exceedingly  obliging  to  the  scientific 
student. 

Sept.  4.  At  Highbury-grange,  aped 
83,  John  Bentley,  esq.  author  of  The 
Divine  Logos,  1803,  and  other  theological 
and  controversial  works. 

Sept.  17.  In  Piccadilly,  Harriet,  wife 
of  Kedgwin  Hoskins,  esq.  M.  P.  for  co. 
Hereford. 

Sept.  20.  Edwyn  Evans  Ijeacb,  esq. 
of  Canterbury  Place,  Lambeth,  son  of 
the  Rev.  Jolin  Leach,  Rector  of  Wouldam 
and  Vicar  of  Hailing,  co.  Kent,  aged  55. 
(The  decease  of  his  wife  was  noticed  at 
p.  330  of  the  present  vol.  where  he  is 
erroneously  named  Edward  L.  Leach.) 


FABT.  555 

■ 

Sept.  24.  At  Keppel  House,  Chelsea, 
aged  70,  Lieut. -Col.  Thomas  Vincent 
Reynolds,  formerly  Major  of  the  30tb 
Foot,  and  Inspector-general  of  Military 
Surveys. 

Sept.  25.  Drowned  near  Hammer- 
smith bridge  (after  visiting  his  grandfather 
at  Hammersmith)  aged  34*  Mr.  William 
De  Ville,  onlv  surviving  son  of  Mr.  De 
Ville  of  the  btrand.  He  had  been  twice 
married,  and  has  left  a  widow  and  four 
children. 

Sept.  27.  The  lady  of  Dr.  C.  Rogers 
of  Dorset -square. 

At  Denmark  Hill,  in  her  88th  ye- 
Susanna,  relict  of  John  Symcs,  esq.  late 
of  Richmond,  and  formerly  of  Bridg- 
water. 

Sept.  28.  At  Serjeant's  Inn,  Samuel 
Comyn,  esq.  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
Special  Pleader,  late  Recorder  of  Roches- 
ter. He  was  called  to  the  bar  at  the 
Middle  Temple,  Feb.  7,  1800. 

Sept.  29.  In  her  55th  yenr,  Sarah, 
wife  of  Dr.  Bunting. 

iMicly.  Commander  Ambrose  Crof- 
ton,  R.N.  He  was  introduced  in  the 
Navy  by  Admiral  Lord  Shuldbam,  in 
1771  ;  became  Lieut.  1778,  served  in 
tbe  Royal  George,  Bcinfaisant,  and 
Ocean,  and  as  first  of  the  Monarch.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Commander 
in  1794,  and  was  afterwards  appointed  to 
the  Lutin  and  Pluto  sloops,  on  the  New- 
foundland station. 

Oct.  1.  In  Montague-sq.  Catherine 
Matilda,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Walter 
Young,  esq.  of  Wclbeck-st.  and  niece  of 
Adolphus  Meetkerke,  esq.  of  Julian's, 
Herts. 

At  York -place,  Portman-square,  aged 
58,  James  Newham,  esq. 

Oct.  6.  At  Camberwell,aged81,  Wil- 
liam Cassell,  esq.  formerly  of  the  Navy 
Pay  Office. 

Oct.  10.  Aged  82,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  tbe  Rev.  G.  Gibson,  M.A.  of  Carlisle 
House,  Lambeth. 

Oct.  11.  At  the  Charter  House,  aged 
76,  Robert  Barbor,  esq.  ha  ring  held  tbe 
office  of  Receiver  of  that  Establishment 
for  46  years,  and  for  many  years  a  respec- 
table solicitor  in  Fetter  Lane. 

Oct.  13.  At  the  residence  of  his  father- 
in-law,  Berners -street,  aged  27,  Mr.  John  • 
Waugh,  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  James 
Nisbet  and  Co.  booksellers,  and  son  of 
Mr.  John  Waugh,  of  Hunter-square, 
Edinburgh. 

Oct.  20.  At  Brompton,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Sir  John  Gibbons,  Bart  of  Stan- 
well  Park;  daughter  of  the  late  Richard 
Taylor,  esq.  of  Charleton-housc,  Middx. 
She  was  marr  icd  Oct.  27,  1795,  and  has 
left  several  children. 

Oct.  21.  In  Marylebone-st.  Beaumont, 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


55G 


Obituary. 


.Saruh- Maria,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Theyre 
Smith,  Assistant  Preacher  at  the  Temple 
Church. 

Beds.— Sept.  12  At  Bedford,  in  her 
83d  year,  Ann,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Oliver 
St.  John  Cooper,  M.A.  formerly  Vicar 
of  Thurleigh  and  Puddiugton,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Cork  man,  esq.  of  Wollasfon, 
Northamptonshire,  and  sister  of  the  late 
Alderman  Cock  man,  Bedford.  She  sur- 
vived her  husband  31  years. 

Oct.  12.  At  her  residence  Chuwson- 
house,  aged  83,  Susanna,  relict  of  the  late 
James  Metcalfe,  of  Roxton-house,  esq. 

Bhaits.—  Oct.  1.  At  Hare  Hutch, 
»gid  90,  Fanny,  widow  of  John  Young, 
esq.  The  death  of  this  venerable  lady  was 
accelerated  by  au  accidental  fall  a  few 
days  before. 

Oct.  7.    At  Maidenhead,  aged  C8, 
Charles  Scudamore  Ward,  esq. 

Oct.  12.  At  Sandleford  Cottage,  near 
Newbury,  at  an  advanced  age,  the  widow 
of  the  Rer.  Henry  Sawbtidge,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Welford. 

Bucks... At  Olney,  aged  46,  Stamp 
Garrard,  esq.  a  senior  clerk  of  the  Vic- 
tualling Office. 

Cornwall.— Aug.  20  At  Poltair, 
the  residence  of  Capt.  Giddy,  R.N.  near 
Penzance,  aged  GO,  John  M'Culloch. 
M.D.  author  of  a  Description  of  the 
Highlands  and  Western  Isles  of  Scotland, 
which  gave  great  offence  to  thut  nation,  4 
vols.  8vo ;  of  "  The  Geology  of  Rocks," 
and  "  The  art  of  making  Wine ;  -  and  the 
supposed  concoctor  of  Sir  John  Ross's 
recent  history  of  his  North  Pole  Expe- 
dition. His  acquirements  chiefly  lay  in 
geology.  He  had  recently  married,  and 
was  on  a  country  excursion ;  when  his 
death  ensued  from  a  broken  leg  received 
in  fulling  from  his  carriage. 

Sept.  21.    At  Place,  in  her  7*1  year, 
Anna  Maria,  relict  of  Admiral  Spry. 

DtvoN. — Srpi.  0.  At  Broadclist,  aged 
42,  Robert  Montagu  Barton,  esq.  only 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Montagu  Barton, 
Vicar  of  thut  parish. 

Sept.  12.  At  Plymouth,  aged  GO, 
Commander  William  Price,  R.N.  He 
obtained  the  rank  of  Lieut.  Jan.  171)9, 
and  was  afterwards  principally  employed 
in  the  command  of  various  cutters  gun- 
brigs,  and  revenue  cruisers.  In  1805, 
being  in  the  Archer,  attached  to  the  squa- 
dron off  Boulogne,  he  captured  two  gun- 
boats. He  attained  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander 1821. 

Sept.  19.  At  Torrington,  aged  08, 
Dan.  Johnson,  esq.  late  surgeon  on  the 
Bengal  Establishment,  author  of  Indian 
Field  Sports,  and  other  works. 

Sept.  25.  At  the  house  of  her  brother, 
in  law,  James  Miller,  esq.  Alphington- 


Belinda,  second  daughter  of  the  late 

Capt.  Wm.  Kempthome,  of  Falmouth. 

Sept.  29.  At  Ottery  St.  Mary,  aged 
four  months,  Georgina  Blackstone,  the 
infant  child  of  the  Rt  Rev.  W.  H.  Cole- 
ridge, Bishop  of  Barhadoes. 

Lately.  At  Plymouth,  aged  62,  Lieut. 
J.  Street,  R.N. 

Oct.  3.  At  Stonehouse,  Major  Pil- 
cher,  R.M. 

Oct.  4.  At  Plymouth,  J.  Wills,  esq. 
Purser  R.N.  lie  was  acting  Purser 
with  Lord  Nelson,  in  the  ever  memorable 
action  of  2d  July,  1797. 

Oct.  6.  At  Odun  Hall,  Applcdore, 
Thomas  Hogg,  esq. 

Oct.  14.  Very  suddenly,  Susannah- 
Sophia,  eldest  daughter  of  John  Bacon, 
esq.  of  Sidcliff,  Sid  mouth. 

D» ;rskt. — Oct.  16.  At  Sbroton  Cot- 
tage, in  his  8th  year,  George  Arundell* 
only  child  of  Capt.  Ryves,  R.N. 

Essex. — Sept.  30.  At  Southend,  in 
ber  24tb  year,  Charlotte  Mary,  eldest  dau. 
of  H.  C.  Berkeley,  esq.  of  Montagu-st. 
Russell-  square. 

Oct.  12.  At  Gosfield  Hall,  aged  81, 
T.  Millward,  esq.  late  of  Jamaica. 

Oct.  15.  At  Colchester,  the  widow  of 
W.  Schreiber,  esq.  late  of  WincbeU-a- 
lodge,  Hants. 

Gloucester. — Aug.  29.  At  Bristol, 
aged  38,  Mr.  G.  Dymond,  architect,  a 
respectable  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

Sept.  5.  At  Clifton,  aged  63,  J.  F. 
Williams,  esq.  formerly  captain  in  the 
Royal  Cornwall  Militia. 

At  Clifton,  aged  32,  John  Evered,  esq. 
of  Bridgewater,  barrister-at-law.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  at  Lincolu's-inn,  May  6, 
1825. 

Sept.  8.  At  Cheltenham,  Mrs.  Row- 
land  Hunt.  This  lady  was  the  mother 
of  the  late  T.  Welch  Hunt,  esq.  of  Wa- 
denhoe,  Northamptonshire,  who  with  his 
wife  (to  whom  he  had  been  united  only 
ten  months),  was  cruelly  murdered  by 
brigands  in  Italy. 

Sept.  16.  At  Clifton,  Sophia  Augusta, 
second  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  M. 
Huzeluiid,  Rector  of  Bigbury,  Devon. 

Sept.  25.  At  Cheltenham,  Eliza  Jor- 
dan, the  lady  of  Capt.  Charles  Dent, 
R.N.  She  was  the  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Shepherd,  esq.  of  Butcombe 
Court,  Somerset,  and  was  married  Sep- 
tember 10,  1829. 

Sept.  29.  In  the  Cloisters,  Bristol, 
aged  36,  Margaret,  wife  of  Dr.  Hodges. 

In  her  19th  year,  Eleanor  Phillipi*, 
eldest  daughter  of  T.  P.  Peterson,  esq. 
Mangotsfield  House. 

Oct.  3.  At  Bristol,  J.  J.  G.  Clarke, 
esq.  of  Barbadoes. 

Oct.  4.  At  Bristol,  in  her  107th  year, 


Digitized  by  Goo 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


D57 


Jane  Martin,  who  for  upwards  of  50 
years  told  fruit,  &c.  at  tbe  corner  of 
Church-lane,  Peter-st.  Bristol.  She  pos- 
sessed all  her  faculties  and  could  walk  up 
and  down  stairs  to  the  last. 

At  the  house  of  his  brother-in-law, 
(Mr.  Shapland),  Tewkesbury,  aged  61, 
John  Edmonds  Stock,  M.  D.  late  of 
Clifton.  He  was  a  Gentleman- Com- 
moner of  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  but  left 
tbe  University  without  a  degree.  He  was 
the  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Beddoes,  and 
in  1811  published  tbe  memoirs  of  that 
physician,  with  an  analytical  account  of  his 
writings.  In  1816  Dr.  Stock's  secession 
from  tbe  body  of  Unitarian  dissenters  oc- 
casioned a  great  sensation  in  tbe  neigh- 
bourhood of  Bristol,  and  produced  a  cor- 
respondence which  was  made  public  at 
that  time. 

At  Bristol,  aged  34,  Henry  Heaven, 
esq.  West  India  merchant. 

Oct.  11.  At  Bristol,  aged  80,  Richard 
Herron,  esq.  formerly  of  London. 

Oct.  16.  At  Clifton,  aged  21.  Mary 
Barbara,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  F.  Bod- 
dington. 

Oct.  19.  At  Clifton,  aged  35,  Charles 
Frederick  Cock,  of  Montaguc-st.  Rus- 
sell-sq.  and  of  Fleet -at.  bookseller. 

Hants. — Sept.  4.  In  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
Paul,  second  son  of  Marmaduke  Prickett, 
esq.  of  Bridlington. 

Irately.  At  Kingston,  aged  82,  the  re- 
lict of  R.  V.  Drury,  esq.  grand -daughter 
of  Dr.  Gibson,  Bishop  of  London. 

Herts.— Aug.  25.  At  Abbot's  Lang- 
ley,  Robert  Milborne  Jackson,  esq.  Com- 
mander R.N.  He  was  made  Lieut. 
1808,  and,  serving  as  second  of  the 
Bustard,  in  the  Mediterranean,  assisted 
in  the  capture  of  many  vessels.  In  Oct* 
1813  he  was  appointed  first  of  the  He- 
bras  30,  and  in  March  1814  was  engaged 
in  tbe  obstinate  battle  with  PEtoile 
frigate,  the  successful  termination  of 
which  obtained  him  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander. In  1829  be  was  appointed  to 
the  Hyacinth  18,  in  which  he  served  for 
two  years  on  the  West  India  station.  He 
married  in  1814%  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau. 
of  Mr.  John  Hodges,  of  Tooting. 

Oct.  8.  At  Bushy-lodge,  Sarah  Lottie, 
wife  of  T.  Whieldon,  esq.  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Matthias  Rutton,  Rector  of 
Badlesmere,  Kent. 

Oct.  15.  At  Totteridge,  aged  71,  R. 
Hall,  esq. 

Kent.  —  June  1.  Aged  85,  Edward 
Taddy,  esq.  of  tbe  Dane,  Margate ;  bro- 
ther to  the  late  James  Taddy,  esq.  mer- 
chant, of  the  Minories.  Their  ample 
wealth  was  attended  with  corresponding 
munificence. 

July  20.  Aged  89,  Mrs.  Belsey,  of 


Boxtree  House,  Margate,  and  of  Fother. 
ingay,  Northamptonshire. 

Sept.  29.  At  Margate,  aged  67,  Anne, 
widow  of  Jas.  Edw.  Ryder  Magennis, 
M.D.  of  Great  Chesterford,  niece  and 
last  surviving  relative  of  the  late  Rev. 
Charles  Norris,  M.A.  Prebendary  of 
Canterbury. 

Oct.  8.  At  Dover,  in  his  35th  year, 
Lieut.  John  Baseley,  R.N. 

Oct.  12.  At  Tun  bridge  Wells,  Mary, 
relict  of  Philip  Bremridge,  esq. 

Oct.  18.  At  Wrotham,  Eleanor  Fanny, 
daughter  of  tbe  Rev.  George  Moore, 
Rector  of  Wrotham,  and  grand-daughter 
of  Dr.  Moore,  Abp.  of  Canterbury. 

Oct.  19.  At  the  bouse  of  J.  Gow,  esq. 
his  son-in-law,  at  Bexley,  aged  65,  J. 
Hyslop,  esq.  surgeon,  of  r  insbury-sq. 

Leicestershire. — Oct.  4.  At  Market 
Harborough,  aged  77,  Henrietta,  relict  of 
J.  Fisher,  esq.  of  London,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  H.  Knanp,  Rector  of  Stoke-cum- 
Wilbarston,  Northamptonshire. 
.  Lincoln. — Oct.  9.  At  Aylesby,  the 
wife  of  P.  Skipworth,  esq. 

Middlesex. — Oct.  1.  At  Staines, 
Edward  Maddeford,  esq. 

Oct.  6.  At  Acton,  aged  64,  Mary 
Hendy  Cann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Fra. 
Cann,  esq.  of  Yeovil,  surgeon  to  the  60th 
reg.,  grand. dau.  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Osier. 

Monmouth. — Oct.  15.  At  Clytba 
Cottage,  aged  14,  William  Henry,  eldest 
son  of  Captain  Nares,  R.  N. 

Norfolk. — Sept.  30.  Lucy,  wife  of 
J.  Grieve,  esq.  of  Norwich,  and  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  G.  Preston,  of  Stansfield  Hall, 
Suffolk. 

iMtely.  At  Norwich,  Mary,  wife  of 
I.  I.  Gurney,  esq.  a  respected  member 
and  minister  of  tbe  Society  of  Friends, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Fowler,  esq. 
of  Melksham. 

Northamptonshire. — Sept.  19.  At 
Oundlc,  Robert  Sherard,  esq.  Clerk  of 
the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Huntingdon. 

Oct.  1 1.  In  her  83d  year,  the  wife  of 
Wm.  Sawbridge,  esq.  of  East  Hadden. 

Oxon. — Sept.  4.  At  Bampton,  aged 
79,  the  widow  of  William  Manley,  esq. 
Serjeant  at  Law,  and  Commissioner  of 
the  Board  of  Excise. 

Sept.  11.  Margaret,  wife  of  Thomas 
Robinson,  esq.  of  Begbrook  House. 

Salop.— Sept.  17.  At  Quatt,  aged  24, 
Lieut.  Frederick  Wall,  Bengal  artillery. 

Oct.  4.  At  Shrewsbury,  in  her  78th 
year,  Martha,  relict  of  the  Rev.  John 
Wingfield,  Vicar  of  Mont  ford. 

Somerset.— Sept.  8.  At  Bridgewater, 
aged  85,  Ann,  widow  of  the  late  Rev. 
Wm.  Lewis,  daughter  of  the  late  John 
Drake,  M.D.  of  Wells. 


Digitized  by  Google 


548  Obit 

Sept,  21.  At  Batb,  Lieut.  Henry 
Fournier,  R  N. 

Sept.  27.  At  Port&hcad,  aped  20,  A- 
dolpbus  Stanley,  jun.  esq.  of  the  Grange, 
Yorkshire. 

Oct.  1.  At  Bath,  Agnes,  wife  of  Capt, 
S.  T.  Barrett,  late  of  37th  reg. 

Oct.  14.  At  Orchard  Wyndham,  aged 
77,  Henry  Tripp,  esq.  Bencher  of  the 
Middle  Temple.  He  was  called  to  the 
Bar,  June  15*  1781. 

Suffolk.— Aug.  24.  At  Bury  St  Ed- 
mund's, aged  29,  Anne  Rebecca,  wife  of 
H.  Collins,  esq.  of*  North-court  Lodge, 
Brandon. 

Oct.  6.  Aged  76,  the  widow  of  J. 
Humphrey,  esq.  of  Sudbury. 

Lately.  At  Soutbwold,  Commander 
Edw.  Killwick,  R.  N.  He  was  made 
Lt.  1782,  and  Commander  of  the  Sardine 
sloop  on  the  Mediterranean  station  in 
1796.  From  1798  to  1802  he  held  an 
appointment  in  the  Suffolk  district  of 
Sca-fencibles.  In  1806  and  1807  he  com- 
manded the  Howe  store-ship,  employed 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  at  South 
America.  In  1809  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Princess  receiving-ship  at  Liverpool ;  but 
in  the  following  year,  in  consequence  of 
a  charge  unsupported  at  a  Court  Martial 
against  Lieut.  W.  Arch  bold,  was  deprived 
of  his  command,  and  was  not  again  em- 
ployed. His  son  Lieut.  J.  A.  Killwick, 
R.N.  presented  an  address  from  South- 
wold  to  King  George  IV.  in  1821. 

Surrey. — Sept.  1.  Lucy,  eldest  dau. 
of  Samuel  Thornton,  esq.  of  Cobham 
Park,  formerly  M.  P.  for  Hull 

Sept.  25.  At  Thames  Ditton,  aged  64> 
John  Turner,  esq. 

Oct.  20.  Aged  44*  Mary,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Tritton,  Rector  of  Mor- 
den,  eldest  daughter  of  Vincent  Hilton 
Biseoe,  esq.  of  Hookwood. 

Sussex. — Sept  10.  At  St.  Leonard's, 
aged  73,  Joseph  Goddard,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  80,  Sarah  Jordan, 
of  Southampton-place,  Euston-sq.  relict 
of  Edward  Jordan,  esq.  of  Finchley. 

Sept.  14.  At  New  Grove,  Petworth, 
aged  78,  Jeremiah  Dyson,  esq.  late  Clerk 
of  the  House  of  Commons.  He  was  con 
of  the  late  Jeremiah  Dyson,  esq.  Clerk 
of  the  House,  and  was  educated  at  Eton. 

Sept.  22.  At  Brighton,  Mary,  wife  of 
Charles  Gibbes,  esq. 

Sept.  28.  At  Brighton,  in  the  apart- 
ments of  Professor  Badbam,  bis  mother, 
in  her  85th  year. 

Oct.  20.  At  Twyford  Lodge,  Major 
Gen.  Robert  Sewell.  He  was  appointed 
Ensign  51st  foot  1795,  Lieut.  1796, 
Capt.  62d  foot  1797,  Major  60th  foot 
June  1803,  in  48th  foot  Nov.  following, 
Lieut. -Colonel  by  brevet  1804,  in  B9tb 
foot  1810,  Colonel  in  the  army  1813,  and 


JARY.  [Nov. 

Major-  General  1819.  He  served  in 
Malta  as  Deputy  Adjutant-general,  and 
retained  when  Major- General  his  com- 
mission  in  the  89th  foot. 

Warwick.—  Sept.  26.  At  Leaming- 
ton, Miss  Leonora  Draper  Jones,  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Jones,  niece  to  the 
late  Dr.  John  Ewer,  Bishop  of  Bangor. 

Oct.  6.  At  Leamington,  aged  five 
months,  Thaddeus- Stanislaus,  voun^e>t 
son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dormer. 

Oct.  11.  At  Rugby,  in  bis  20th  year, 
Henry  Sparkes  Hatch,  son  of  the  late 
Oliver  Hatch,  esq.  of  Ely-place. 

Westmoreland. — Oct.  6.  At  Cul- 
garth  Park,  Windermere,  Harriet,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Richard  Watson, 
Lord  Bishop  of  Landaff. 

Oct.  7.  At  Curwen  Woods,  aged  38, 
Thomas  Dicey  Cotton,  esq.  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Thos.  Cotton,  esq.  of  Enfield. 

Wilts.— Sept.  25.  At  Salisbury,  azed 
82,  Dr.  Robert  Thomas,  an  eminent  phy- 
sician, long  resident  in  that  city.  He 
was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Literary, 
Historical,  and  Philosophical  Societies 
of  New  York,  and  the  author  of  **  The 
Modem  Practice  of  Physic,"  and  other 
esteemed  medical  works. 
.  Oct.  19.  At  Downton,  Maria  Lydia, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Eir.ra. 

Worcester. — Sept.  3.  Aged  86,  Mat- 
thias Stratton,  esq.  upwards  of  40  years 
a  member  of  the  Corporation  of  Eves- 
bam,  during  which  period  he  filled  the 
office  of  Chief  Magistrate  several  times. 

York.— Sept.  20.  Aged  56,  Walker 
Ferrand,  esq.  of  Harden  Grange,  near 
Bingley,  a  magistrate  of  the  West  Rid- 
ing. He  was  warmly  attached  to  Con- 
servative politics,  and  contested  the  re- 
presentation of  Peterborough  at  the  lust 
general  election,  but  was  unsuccessful. 

Sept.  22.  At  Burley,  near  Leeds, 
Matthew  Edwards,  esq.  general  manager 
of  the  Yorkshire  District  Bank. 

Sept.  24*.  At  York,  aged  45,  Anas- 
tasia,  wife  of  Marmaduke  Tbos.  Prickett, 
esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Armitstead,  of  Cranage  Hall,  Cheshire. 

Sept.  25.  At  Langton-hall,  near  Mal- 
ton,  aged  73,  Ann,  relict  of  Thos.  Nor- 
clirfe,  esq. 

Sept.  30.  Aged  50,  Mr.  Henry  Hug- 
all,  of  Scarborough,  wine  and  spirit  mer- 
chant, for  many  years  a  senior  member 
of  the  Corporation,  and  bailiff  in  1824. 

Oct.  5.  In  his  72d  year,  William  Clap- 
ham,  esq.  of  Burton  Pidsea,  in  Holder- 
ness. 

Wales.  —  Oct.  12.  At  Tanybwlch- 
hall,  Merionethshire,  in  bis  45th  year, 
William  Gryffyd  Oakeley,  esq.  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  B.  A.  grand  com- 
pounder,  Dec.  2,  1812. 

Scotland.  —  lately.    At  Lakefield, 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1 835 .]         Bill  of  Mortality.— MarhetM.— Price  of  Shares.  559 


Glen  Urqubart,  co.  Inverness,  aged  92, 
James    Grant,  estj.  of  Corrymony,  the 
father  of  the  Scotish  bar.    He  was  au- 
thor of  **  Essays  on  the  origin  of  Society, 
Languages,  Property,  Government,  Ju- 
risdiction, Contracts,  and  Marriages ;  in- 
terspersed with  illustrations  from  the 
Gaelic  and  Greek  Languages,"  1785,  4to; 
and  '*  Thoughts  on  the  ongin  and  descent 
of  the  Gael;  and  observations  on  the 
poems  of  Ossian,"  1813,  8vo.    He  was 
•arly  distinguished  for  his  liberal  political 
•rinciples,  and  associated  with  Henry 
Crskdne  and  other  eminent  men  of  that 
Jay,  and  subsequently  with  Sir  James 
.luckintosb,  Mr;  Horner,  &c.    He  re- 
tained bis  faculties  to  the  last,  and  from 


the  extent  and  variety  of  his  attainments, 
was  a  delightful  companion. 

At  Haddington,  Lt.  J.  Wilkie,  R.  N. 

Oct.  2.  At  Berwick,  Mr.  John  Mac- 
kay  Wilson,  author  of  *  Tales  of  the 
Border,*'  and  for  several  years  editor  of 
the  Berwick  Advertiser.  His  efforts  In 
the  cause  of  Reform  will  be  long  remem- 
bered. 

Sept.  20.  At  Corsbie,  aged  29,  Ho- 
ratio, only  son  of  the  late  Lieut.- Gen. 
the  Hon.  Sir  W.  Stewart,  G.C.B.  late  a 
Captain  in  the  army,  and  cousin  to  the 
Earl  of  Galloway.  He  married  Nov. 
1833  Sophia,  4th  daughter  of  his  uncle 
the  Hon.  Montgomerie  Stewart. 


B1L.L  OF  MORTALITY,  from  September  23  to  October  20,  1835. 


Christened. 
Mal69       734} 1132 


Buried. 
Males  590 
Females  (301 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  


1191 


10 


and  5 
and  10 
and  20 
20  and  30 
30  and  40 
40  and  50 


ISO 
58 
45 
68 


93 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 
90  and 
100 


60 
70 
80 
90 
100 


95 
87 
73 
47 
7 
1 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Oct.  17. 


Wheat. 
*.  d. 
37  7 


Barley. 
*.  d. 
27  11 


Oats. 
*.  d. 

20  0 


Rye. 
/.  d. 

30  2 


Beans. 
«.  d. 
34  11 


Peas. 
*.  d. 

0 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt  Oct.  26. 


Farnham  (seconds)  0L  0*.  to  0L  0*. 

Kent  Pockets          3L  5s.  to  67.  10*. 

3L  10*.  to  4J.  15/. 

3/.  5*.  to  67.  6*. 


. ...  •  ........ 


........ 


Kent  Bags  At.  5*.  to  67.  6s. 

Sussex  0/.  Oi.  to  0/.  0*. 

Essex  0/.  0/.  to  0/.  Of. 

Farnham  (fine)  11  Is.  to  9/.  9/. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Oct.  24. 
Smithfield,  Hay,  31. 5s.  to  4/.  15*_Straw,  U.  6/.  to  1/.  14*.— Clover,  3/.  10*.  to  57. 10*. 

SMITHFIELD,  Oct.  26.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef.  2*.  Od.  to  4*.  (hi. 

Mutton  2*.  id.  to  4*.  Od. 

Veal  3*.  Od.  to  4*.  Bd. 

Pork  3*.  Od.  to  4*.  4,/. 


Lamb  0*.  Od.  to  0*.  Od. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Oct.  26. 

Beasts  3,480    Calves  380 

Sheep  &  Lambs  34,850    Pigs  450 


COAL  MARKET,  Oct.  26. 
Wall*  Ends,  from  18*.  6d.  to  23*.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  18*.  9d.  to  21*.  Od. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  46*.  6d.    Yellow  Russia,  42*.  6d. 
SOAP.— Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd,  *. 
CANDLES,  7*.  Od.  per  doz.    Moulds,  8*.  6d. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  25k  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  85}  Grand  Junction, 

231  Kcnnet  and  Avon,  20.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530.  Regent's,  15}. 

 Rochdale,  141.  London  Dock  Stock,  54.  St.  Katharine's,  72J.  West 

India,  95.  -Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  195.  Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  51}.  West  Middlesex,  77.  Globe  Insurance,  150.  Guardian,  34$. 

— Hope,  6}.— — Chartered  Gas  Light,  46}.  Imperial  Gas,  43}.  Phoenix  Gas, 

24}  Independent  Gas,  50.  General  United,  35}.  Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 31.  Reversionary  Interest,  130}. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 

Digitized  by  Google 


560 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  September  26,  to  October  25,  1835,  both  inclusive. 


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8  16  pm. 

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4  16  pm. 

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16  pm. 
16  pm. 
16  pm. 
16  pm. 
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Stock,  Oct.  19,  102. 

Broker,  1,  Bank  Buildings,  Cornhill, 

late  Riciiaudson,  Goooluck,  and  Auntie 


J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  BON,  25,  PARLIAMENT- STUEET. 


>y  Google 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

DECEMBER,  1835. 

By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 

CONTENTS.  P 

Minor  Correspondence. — Issue  Roll  of  the  Exchequer — Greek  letter  of 


George  Herbert — The  Unicorn — Degrees  of  D.C.L.  and  LL.D   562 

Notes  on  Boswbll's  Johnson   563 

Early  French  and  Norman  Poetry   570 

The  Syracusan  Gossips.—"  Virgilium  tantum  vidi."   576 

44  Life  of  Lord  Keeper  Guildford"  and  "  Guy  Mannering'*   577 

Historical  Notices  of  the  Cedars  of  Mount  Lebanon  and  of  England   ib. 

Memorials  of  Literary  Characters,  No.  XI. 

Sir  George  Etherege   581 

Anecdote  of  Dr.  Johnson — Lowe's  Pictttre  of  the  Deluge   582 

Adversaria,  Historical,  Biographical,  and  Literary   583 

Lon  diniana,  No.  II. — Excavation  in  Newgate  Street   584 

The  Holy  Hand  of  St.  Patrick  (with  a  cut)   585 

Records  of  Stratford  upon  Avon   586 

Ancient  House  at  Ightham,  Kent  (with  a  Plate)    587 

Questiones  Veuusinae,  No.  VI.— Me  or  Te   590 

The  Obelisk  of  Thebes   590 

Beckford's  Visits  to  the  Monastery  of  Batalha   591 

POETRY.— Lines  to  a  Lady  singing,  594.— The  Glass  of  Champagne    595 

Retrospective  Review.— Tyrwhitt's  44  Epistle  to  Florio  at  Oxford"   595 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Cowper's  Works  by  Grimshawe,  601. — Arundell's  Discoveries  in  Asia  Minor, 
604. — Conolly's  Journey  to  the  North  of  India,  605.— Roberts's  Scenes  of 
Hindostan,  607.— Irving's  Indian  Sketches,  608.— lrving's  Conquest  of 
Florida,  610. — Latrobe's  Rambles  in  North  America,  611. — Rabett's 
Lateinos,  613. — Memoirs  of  Mirabcau;  Warren's  Introduction  to  Law 
Studies,  615. — Winning  on  the  Antediluvian  Age,  618. —  Kempe's  Loseley 
Manuscripts,  6 1 9.— Mathews's  Hydraulia,  625.— Tracts  on  Medical  Assist- 


ance to  the  Poor,   627 

Miscellaneous  Reviews   628—630 

FINE  ARTS — Royal  Academy— Crosby  Hall— New  Publications   631 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  633. — Learned  Societies,  Sec  634 — 636 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES — Iloskins's  Antiquities  of  Ethiopia   637 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  641.— Domestic  Occurrences, 
642. — Theatrical  Register,  6*4. — Promotions,  &c.  645. — Marriages   646 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Countess  of  Antrim  ;  Earl  Nelson  ;  Earl  of 
Charleville;  Lord  Grey  of  Groby  ;  Adin.  Sir  C.  Tyler;  Lt.-Gen.  E.  R. 
Cope;  Major-Gen.  Hepburn;  Mr.  Serjeant  Sell  on  ;  Humphrey  Osbaldeston, 
Esq.;  William  Grimnldi,  Esq.;  Abbe"  de  la  Rue;  Don  Telesforo  de 
Trueba;  Isaac  Porock,  Esq.;  William  Motherwell,  Esq.;  Francis  Good- 
win, Esq.;  William  Say,  Esq. ;  Mr.  Heaphy ;  Joseph  Bonsor,  Esq.  &c,  &c  647 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties   665 

Bill  of  Mortality— Markets— Prices  of  Sluu  es,67 1— Meteorological  Diary— Stocks  67  2 

Embellished  with  a  View  of  an  Ancient  Hovsr.  at  Ightham,  Kent ; 
and  a  Representation  of  the  Holt  Hand  of  St.  Patrick. 

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56-2 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Issue  Roll  of  Thomas  de  Brantingham 
44/ A  Edward  III.  Translated  by  Frederick 
Devon.  Bvo.  1835. — We  received  this 
volume  too  late  in  the  month  to  notice 
it  in  our  present  Magazine.  Its  contents, 
and  the  manner  in  which  it  has  been 
translated  and  edited,  involve  a  good 
many  questions,  and  deserve  very  atten- 
tive consideration  ;  and  an  article  upon 
the  subject  shall  appear  in  our  next  num. 
ber. 

We  are  compelled  to  postpone  our  cri- 
tical noticcs-of  the  Annuals  for  1H.36; 
but  they  shall  all  receive  due  attention  be- 
fore New  Year's  Day. 

Mr.  Henry  Roberts  observes, 14  Had 
your  reviewer  (p.  511)  quoted  the  para- 
gn^m  from  a  contemporary  Journal,  in 
reference  to  the  architectural  competition 
for  Fishmongers'  Hall,  instead  of  com- 
menting on,  and  inviting  attention  to  it, 
I  should  scarcely  have  thought  it  neces- 
sary to  trouble  you  with  a  contradiction 
of  so  barefaced  and  gratuitous  a  tissue  of 
falsehoods  as  is  contained  in  the  article 
referred  to;  considering  that  the  high  and 
honourable  character  of  the  distinguished 
architect  chiefly  impugned,  must  have 
prevented  any  one  from  giving  it  the 
slightest  credit ;  bnt  as  there  is  an  am- 
biguity in  your  reviewer's  allusion,  which 
appears  to  me  calculated  to  mislead,  I 
trust  you  will  afford  me,  through  the 
same  medium,  an  opportunity  of  giving  an 
unqualified  contradiction  to  the  whole, 
and  every  part  of  the  malicious  statement." 

Bishop  Andrews. — Walton,  in  his  Life 
of  George  Herbert,  states  44  that  there 
fell  to  be  a  modest  debate  betwixt  them 
two  (Bishop  Andrews  and  Herbert),  about 
Predestination  and  Sanctity  of  Life ;  of 
both  which,  the  Orator  did  not  long  after 
send  the  Bishop  some  safe  and  useful 
aphorisms,  in  a  long  letter  written  in 
Greek;  which  letter  was  so  remarkable 
for  the  language  and  reason  of  it,  that, 
after  the  reading  it,  the  Bishop  put  it  into 
his  bosom,  and  did  often  show  it  to  many 
scholars,  both  of  this  and  foreign  nations  ; 
but  did  always  return  it  back  to  the  place 
where  he  first  lodg'd  it,  and  continued  it 
so  near  his  heart,  till  the  last  day  of  his 
life"."  If  any  of  your  readers  can  point 
out  where  the  above  letter  can  be  found, 
it  will  oblige  •  P. 

In  answer  to  our  Correspondent,  p.  450, 
on  the  Unicorn,  J.  M.  begs  to  remark, 
that  when  Mr.  Logan  observes,  41  The 
existence  of  that  n«ble  animal  has  never 
been  satisfactorily  /.roped," — it  never 
has  been  proved,  or  seen,  or  known  at  all. 
He  goes  on  to  say, — 44  Some  travellers 
have  averred  that  I  he  race  was  not  an 
imaginary  one,  nor  yet  entirely  extinct, 


they  either  having  caught  a  glimpse  of  the 
creature,  or  heard  of  some  one  that  did." 
What  can  be  more  unscientific,  more  un- 
like the  language  of  a  naturalist,  than  the 
above — "Some  travellers  ;"  who  are  they? 
we  know  not. — 44  Caught  a  glimpse  of  the 
creature" — we  never  heard  this  fact,  and 
totally  disbelieve  it :  indeed,  tee  eon  aver  to 
its  utter  incorrectness.  It  is  true  that 
some  of  the  natives  north  of  the  Cape 
have  said  that  there  exists  a  sjx'cies  of 
animal,  of  the  antelope  tribe,  and  sup- 
posed to  answer  to  the  unicorn,  among  the 
mountains  in  that  part  of  Africa  :  but  no 
such  animal  was  ever  seen.  In  some 
caves  (we  believe  in  the  Caff re  country,) 
were  discovered  rude  drawings  of  some 
native  animals,  among  which  was  one 
representing  the  head  of  a  kind  of  ante- 
lope, or  deer,  with  one  horn  ;  but  this  arose 
without  doubt  from  the  ignorance  of  the 
artist :  who,  attempting  to  give  a  side  view 
of  an  antelope  or  deer,  drew  one  horn 
only,  as  children  would  do,  in  their  first 
rude  essays; — and  this  explanation  at 
once  dissolves  the  mystery  of  the  unicorn 
being  found  represented  in  the  African 
caves.  But  the  subject  wants  no  explana- 
tion of  this  kind  :  it  can  be  decided  at 
once  on  the  principles  of  science.  The 
horn  of  the  fabulous  unicorn,  which  re- 
quires for  its  basis  or  foundation  a  strong 
layer  of  bone  to  support  it,  is  absolutely 
placed  on  the  very  suture  of  the  skull f 
which  would  give  way  instantly  beneath 
its  violent  pressure.  Nature,  who  is  ever 
true  and  consistent  in  her  principles, 
would  never  have  placed  the  instrument 
of  defence  on  a  part  which  could  not 
have  supported  it,  no  more  than  she  would 
give  the  horse  the  power  to  kick,  without 
a  ]HJwerful  muscle  in  the  thigh,  which 
would  impart  its  effective  influence  ta  the 
blow.  •  The  animal  is  entirely  fabulous, 
like  the  sphinx,  the  chimera,  and  the 
griffin.  The  long  twisted  horn  which  is 
commonly  seen,  is  the  weapon  of  defence 
of  the  sea-unicorn.  The  fish  possesses 
two  horns,  though  they  are  seldom  found 
perfect,  being  liable  to  be  destroyed  bj 
accidents. 

LL.D.  of  Cambridge  is  referred  to  p. 
33^,  where  we  have  already  inserted  his 
inquiries  respecting  Degrees  in  Law ;  and 
also  to  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1817  and  181K, 
vol.  H7,  ii.'iOO,  4«7-8«,vol.88,  i.  306, 3*8, 
4!)6\  where  the  subject  was  formerly  dis- 
cussed. We  may  mention,  however,  that 
the  result  of  that  discussion  is  rather  to 
prove  that  D.C.L.  is  correct  at  Oxford, 
than  to  explain  the  authority  or  accuracy 
of  LL.D.  being  used  for  the  degree  con- 
ferred at  Cambridge. 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


NOTES  ON  BOSWELL'S  JOHNSON,  Vol.  I. 

P.  61.  Boswell. — "  He  was  asked  by  Mr.  Jordan  to  translate  Pope's 
Messiah  into  Latin  verse  as  a  Christmas  exercise.  He  performed  it  with 
uncommon  rapidity,  and  in  so  masterly  a  manner,  that  he  obtained  great 
applause  for  it.  It  is  said  that  Mr  Pope  expressed  himself  concerning 
it  in  terms  of  strong  approbation. — I  am  not  iguorant  that  critical  objec- 
tions have  been  made  to  this  and  other  specimens  of  Johnson  s  Latin 
poetry.  I  acknowledge  myself  not  competent  to  decide  on  a  question  of 
•□eh  extreme  uicety." — As  Mr.  Boswell  has  declared  his  incompetence, 
we  shall  transcribe  the  opinion  of  Doctor  Joseph  Warton  on  the  subject, 
which  will  come  with  greater  weight  than  our  own. 

44  Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  youth,  gave  a  line  which  he  thought  equal  to  any  be 

translation  of  this  piece,  which  has  been  ever  had  read. 

praised  and  magnified  beyond  its  merits.   juncique  tremit  variabilis  umbra. 

It  may  justly  be  said  (with  all  due  respect       The  green  reed  trembles.  

to  the  great  talents  of  this  writer),  that  in  The  scholar  (pedant  if  you  will)  said,  'there 
this  translation  of  the  Messiah  are  many  is  no  such  word  aa  variabilis  in  any  das- 
tard and  unclassical  expressions,  a  great  sical  writer.'  4  Surely,'  said  the  other,  4  iu 
want  of  harmony,  and  many  unequal  and  Virgil;  variabile  semper  foeinina.'  4  You 
un-Virgilian  lines.  I  was  once  present  at  forget,'  said  the  opponent,  4  it  is  varium  et 
a  dispute  on  this  subject,  betwixt  a  per-  mutabile.' 

son*  of  great  political  talents,  and  a       They  only  who  are  such  idolaters  of  the 

scholar  who  had  spent  his  life  among  the  Rambler,  as  to  think  he  could  do  every 

Greek  and  Roman  classics.    Both  were  thing  equally  well,  can  alone  be  mortified 


friends  of  Johnson.  The  former,    at  hearing  that  the  following  lines  in  his 
after  many  objections  had  been  made  to    Messiah  are  reprehensible : — 
this  translation  by  the  latter,  quoted  a 

 Caelum  mihi  carminis  alta  materics  

 dignos  accende  furores  ■ 

Mittit  aromaticas  vallis  saronica  nubes  

Ille  cutira  spissam  visus  hebetare  vetabit  — — 
 furat  horridtt  membris  


—  juncique  tremit  variabilis 
Buxique  sequaces 


Artificis  frondent  dextne  

 fessa  colubri 

Membra  viatoris  recreabunt  frigore  lingua?." 

P.  94.  "  Huet,  bishop  of  Avranches,  wrote  Memoirs  of  his  own  Time, 
in  Latin,  from  which  Boswell  has  extracted  this  scrap  of  pleasantry.*' — 
Croker. — Huet's  Memoirs  is  one  of  the  most  agretable  and  elegant  works 
that  we  possess  in  modern  Latiuity.  It  is  written  with  ease  and  correct- 
ness, and  contains  much  curious  anecdote,  aud  many  delightful  reminis- 
cences of  the  scholars  contemporary  with  him.  The  title  page  runs  thus, 
"  Pet.  Dan.  Huetii  Episcopi  Abrincensis  Commentarius  de  rebus  ad  eum 
pertinentibus.    Amst.  1718.' 

The  use  of  the  word  1  ad  eum,'  for  '  ad  se,'  has  beeu  generally  considered 
as  a  soloecisra  :  but  that  is  not  the  case  j  for,  though  the  Memoirs  were 
written  by  Huet,  they  were  not  published  till  after  his  death  by  his  executors. 

P.  94.  "  For  a  full  account  of  Politian  and  his  poems  see  Roscoe's  Life 
of  Lorenzo  of  Medici."    We  must  beg  leave  to  differ  from  the  writer  of  this 

•  Perhaps  W.  Windham  and  Thomas  Warton  are  the  persons  alluded  to.— Ed. 

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5f>4  Notes  on  BoswelTs  Johnson.  [Dec, 

note  as  to  the  word  "  full/*  Mr.  Roscoe  was  a  person  of  very  elegant  and 
various  acquirements,  and  wrote  in  a  pleasing  and  popular  manner  ;  but 
he  had  not  the  scholarship,  or  that  acquaintance  with  the  laws  of  Latin 
poetry,  the  niceties  of  its  structure,  its  quantity  and  its  metre,  that  could 
enable  him  to  decide  with  correctness  on  the  respective  merits  of  those 
numerous  persons  who,  like  Politian,  wrote  in  the  language  of  ancient 
Italy.  It  may  be  in  the  recollection  of  some  of  our  readers,  what  porten- 
tous errors  were  shown  in  the  lines  of  many  poets,  which  Mr.  Roscoe  had 
selected  in  his  Life  of  Leo  X.  for  admiration.  Nor  could  Mr.  Roscoe 
judge  of  Politian's  critical  works.  Such  subjects  as  these  require  a  very 
profound  and  accurate  scholarship,  and  avast  extent  of  information,  which 
Mr.  Roscoe's  education  did  not  supply.  It  may  be  questioned  whether 
any  foreigner  could  write  with  success  on  the  almost  inexhaustible  subject 
of  the  literature  of  modern  Italy.  We  have  the  power  of  quoting  the 
opinion,  delivered  in  a  letter,  of  one  of  the  greatest  and  most  finished 
scholars  in  England,  on  Mr.  Roscoe's  claims  on  this  subject — but  we  have 
said  enough.  Dr.  Johnson,  had  he  seriously  entered  on  the  undertaking 
he  professed,  would  have  found  it  swell  to  an  unexpected  magnitude  before 
him, 

4  Sed  neque  Gallorum  pollentes  carmine  musae, 
Non  Lusitani,  non  Hispanive,  vel  Angli 
Vatibus  Italia;  ccrtant'  

We  cannot,  therefore,  agree  with  Dr.  Anderson,  '  that  it  wonld  have  been 
a  valuable  accession  to  Italian  literature,'  but  no  doubt  it  would  have  been 
an  elegant  and  judicious  production.  In  a  little  work,  which  probably  was 
the  prototype  of  Pope's  Poemata  Italorum,  aud  was  published  at  Cam- 
bridge, there  is  a  curious  and  well-written  Latin  preface,  containing  an 
elegant  critique  on  the  Latin  poets  of  Italy,  which  has  been  attributed  to 
Atterbury  j  but  we  believe  the  editor's  name  is  not  known.  See  Nichols's 
ed.  of  Atterbury,  vol.  IV.  p.  6. 

P.  95.  "  The  Grub-street  Journal,  a  weekly  publication  of  small  im- 
portance."— So  it  originally  was  ;  but  time  often  confers  worth  on  trifles ; 
and  we  hope  soon,  in  an  article  on  Poj>e,  to  show  the  present  value  of  that 
neglected  work. 

P.  1 07.  Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  scheme  for  the  classes  of  a  grammar  school, 
writes—"  When  the  introduction  of  the  formation  of  nouns  and  verbs  is 
perfectly  mastered,  let  them  learn  Corderius  by  Mr.  Clarke,  beginning  at 
the  same  time  to  translate  out  of  the  Introduction,  that  by  this  means  they 
may  learn  the  syntax.  Then  let  them  proceed  to  Erasmus,  with  an  English 
translation  by  the  same  author*  Class  II.  learn  Eutropius  and  Cornelius 
Nepos,  or  Justin  with  hi3  translation." — Mr.  Crokcr  justly  reprehends 
Boswell  for  saying  that — this  authentically  ascertains  that  Johnson  well 
knew  the  most  proper  course  to  be  pursued  in  the  instruction  of  youth.  It 
may  be  even  doubted,  whether  it  is  good  as  far  as  it  goes,  and  whether  the 
beginning  with  authors  of  inferior  Laiinity,  and  allowing  the  assistance  of 
translations,  be  indeed  the  most  proper  course  of  classical  instruction,"  &c. 
With  regard  to  translations,  the  danger  lies  in  inducing  habits  of  indolence 
and  superficial  carelessness.  If  this  is  guarded  against,  we  conceive  theui, 
if  well  executed,  of  eminent  service  in  pointing  out,  in  an  easy  and  beau- 
tiful manner,  the  analogies  and  difference  of  lauguages.  A  dictionary  is  a 
kind  of  rude  translation — a  dictionary  of  phrases  and  idioms  a  more  perfect 
one  ;  however,  we  should  suppose  the  authority  of  our  public  schools  to  be 
unfavourable  to  them.    With  regard  to  Corderius,  and  perhaps  Erasmus, 


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Notes  on  Koswcll  s  Johnson 


565 


fallowed  by  Eutropius,  we  thiok  Johnson  right.    When  Mr.  Croker  speaks 
of  inferior  Latinity,  to  what  does  he  mean  it  is  inferior  ?    To  Cicero  and 
Livy,  to  Sallust  and  Tacitns  ?    Assuredly  inferior  in  the  boldness  and 
beauty  of  style  ;  in  select  choice  of  expression,  in  idiomatic  grace  and 
purity  ;  and  in  the  use  of  those  particles  and  smaller  parts  of  speech  which 
are  in  fact  the  ligaments  and  tendons  of  language.    But,  in  the  first  place, 
the  '  tener  Pner'  could  not  understand  such  authors;  and,  secondly,  Cor- 
derius  and  such  books  are  correct  in  the  use  of  moods  and  tenses,  and  in 
the  selection  of  phrases,  which  is  all  that  is  necessary.    We  think  the 
choice  of  Eutropius  not  improper.    The  work  that  paescs  under  the  name 
of  C.  Ncpos  is  written  with  great  elegance,  though  not  particularly  easy  ; 
Justin,  Ovid,  and  Cicsar  very  properly  follow.    The  fact  is,  that  the  in- 
structors of  youth  are  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  modern  works,  because 
none  of  the  kind  wanted  have  been  drifted  on  the  shore  from  the  wreck  of 
antiquity.    All  modern  Latinity  undoubtedly  is  inferior;  we  know  of  none* 
even  the  most  celebrated,  in  which  errors  have  not  been  detected ;  even 
Kuhukeu's*  pure  aud  beautiful  style  has  been  scorched  and  shrivelled  by 
Wolff's  critical  burning-glass.    We  remember  the  errors  that  Dr.  Parr 
pointed  out  to  us  in  the  Latinity  of  Wyttenbach  : — but  this  does  not  bear 
on  the  question,  as  regards  teaching  the  rudiments  of  language.  The 
selections  at  present  used  in  Harrow  School  are  the  best  we  have  ever 
seen  j  and  it  would  be  very  difficult  to  improve  on  them.    To  these  should 
be  added  the  unremitting  study  of  Viger  de  Idiotismis  and  Budeus  de 
Lingua  Grseca. 

P.  139.  "Douglas  owed  his  literary  reputation  to  his  detection  of 
Lauder."  Croker.  —  It  is  as  extraordinary  that  Lauder  should  have 
attempted  such  a  barefaced  system  of  interpolation  and  forgery,  as  that 
it  should  not  have  been  at  once  discovered  and  made  known  ;  it  shows  how 
little  there  was  of  curious  literature  in  those  days,  and,  in  conseqnence, 
how  rare  and  unknown  were  the  books  to  w  hich  he  referred.  Had  such 
a  design  been  attempted  in  the  present  day,  it  would  have  been  detected 
at  once.  For  the  books  to  which  Lauder  refers,  have  been  so  sought  for, 
as  to  be  no  longer  unattainable  by  scholars. 

P.  141.  The  two  Richardsons,  father  and  son,  were  so  attached  to  each 
other,  that  scarcely  a  day  passed  but  filial  love  employed  itself  in  drawing 
the  parent's  portrait.  A  gr€at  number  of  sketches  of  Pope  in  particular, 
in  pencil  and  pen,  were  made  by  them.  Some  arc  in  the  collection  of  Mr. 
Hawkins,  of  Bignor  Park.  Their  works  are  written  in  a  most  quaint, 
old-fashioned  style  j  but  most  of  them  are  worth  the  perusal  for  the  matter 
they  contain.  The  elder  possessed  a  fine  collection  of  the  drawings  of  the 
old  masters. 

P.  1 64.  "  Dr.  Johnson  made  four  lines  on  the  death  of  poor  Hogarth, 
which  were  equally  true  and  pleasing.  I  know  not  why  (Jar rick's  were 
preferred  to  them." — Piozzi. 

The  hand  of  him  here  torpid  lies 

That  drew  th'  essential  form  of  grace ; 
Here  clos'd  in  death  the  attentive  eyes, 
That  saw  the  manners  in  the  face. 


•  The  mo6t  elegant  writers  in  Latin  among  English  scholars,  we  should  conceive  to 
be  Bishop  Lowth,  Sir  George  Baker,  and  Sir  William  Jones.  Professor  Porson  wrote 
elegantly  in  a  critical  style.  Gilbert  Wakefield  neither  with  elegance  nor  correctness. 
Parr's  Preface  to  Bellendenus  shows  great  scholarship  and  memory  ;  but  it  is  over- 
loaded with  quotation,  and  pedantic.  We  have  heard  that  Pitt  said  he  had  never  the 
curiosity  to  look  into  it. 


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5^6  Notes  on  Boswell's  Johnson.  [Dec. 

This  note  of  \frs.  Piozzi's  should  be  erased,  and  the  statement  of  the  fact 
respecting  Garrick's  lines  being  sent  to  Johnson  for  his  opinion,  and 
Johnson's  alteration  of  tkciu,  should  be  inserted  from  the  Garrick  Cor- 
respondence. 

P.  1 69.  We  do  not  think  with  Mr.  Bos  well  that  there  is,  in  the  debates 
written  by  Johnson, '  a  wonderful  store  of  political  information}'  nor  do  we 
agree  with  Mr.  Hawkins,  *  that  the  speeches  exhibit  the  manner  of  each 
particular  speaker;'  but  wc  think  them  to  be  very  clever  rifaciamentos  of 
the  original  speeches,  written  with  spirit,  strength,  and  eloquence,  and 
presenting  some  of  the  best  specimens  of  Johnson's  style. 

P.  175.  "  An  Account  of  the  Life  of  Peter  Burman."— It  should  be 
mentioned  in  a  note,  that  this  was  Peter  Burman  the  elder,  as  there  were 
two  critics  of  the  same  name,  uncle  and  nephew,  both  scholars,  and  both 
editors.  His  life  is  written  by  Johnson  from  very  scanty  materials.  This 
is  the  same  critic,  whom  Armstrong  mentions  iu  his  Art  of  Preserving 
Health—'  fattening  at  gross  Burman 's  stall.'  He  was  a  good  grammarian, 
and  a  very  laborious  scholar,  but  not  a  man  of  genius.  The  Latin  poets, 
however,  are  much  indebted  to  him,  for  a  judicious  version  of  the  text, 
and  for  copious  illustration  in  his  notes. 

P.  181.  We  see  no  reason  for  attributing  this  ode  '  Ad  Ornatissimam 
Pucllam'  to  Johnson.  It  is  formed  chiefly  of  an  adaptation  of  well-known 
phrases  from  Horace  to  the  subject,  rather  than  from  a  spontaneous  flow  of 
classical  language ;  and  there  is  a  false  quantity  in  the  last  syllable  of 
temere  in  the  third  stanza ;  so  that  we  hope,  contra  sententiam  Maloni, 
that  this  may  not  be  safely  attributed  to  Johnson.  This  mistake  in  the 
quantity  of '  temere,'  has  been  made  by  Gray  and  almost  every  modern  Latin 
poet.  We  made  some  observations  in  our  last,  on  Johnson's  confined 
scholarship,  and  we  hinted  at  the  causes  of  it.  Our  Greek  readers  will 
remember  that  Lucian  says — '  It  is  the  opinion  of  most  men,  that  complete 
erudition  in  any  art  or  science  requires  much  labour,  long  leisure,  no  small 
expense,  and  a  splendid  fortune/  It  is  true  this  is  recorded  in  a  dream; 
but  dreams  are  often  true. 

P.  191.  We  think  that  Mr.  Croker  has  passed  the  bounds  even  of 
severe  justice  when  he  speaks  of  Savage's  works  '  as  unheard  of  as  they 
are  unread:'  of  course  Savage  must  be  content  to  rank  among  the  minor 
poets  of  the  age  of  Pope  j  but,  though  there  is  little  fire  of  genius,  there  is 
more  correctness  of  taste  than  is  to  be  found  iu  many  of  his  contempora- 
ries ;  and  his  works  form  a  link  in  the  poetical  chain. 

P.  221.  ' The  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes.'  We  are  sorry  to  find  that 
in  our  last  Number  we  attributed  the  reference  to  Mr.  Sharp's  observation 
on  the  introductory  liues  of  this  poem,  to  Mr.  Croker,  instead  of  to  Lord 
Byron ;  which,  with  another  slight  mistake,  arose  from  being  obliged  to 
write  at  a  distance  from  our  books.  We  were  surprised  in  referring  to  our 
edition  of  Johnson  by  Murphy,  to  find  that  he  had  not  given  the  various 
readings  to  this  satire :  having  the  first  edition  now  before  us,  we  shall 
gratify  our  readers  by  pointing  them  out,  marking  the  two  editions  with 
the  figures  1.  2.  (The  first  edition  was  printed  in  1749.  Dodsley,  4to, 
pp.  28.) 

1.  To  tread  the  dreary  paths  without  a  guide, 

2.  To  chase  the  dreary  paths  without  a  guide. 

This  alteration  is  not  an  improvement,  as  the  word  chase  occurs  in 
the  next  line  but  one : 

'  Shuns  fancied  ills,  or  chaser  airy  good.' 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]  Notes  on  Bo twelC s  Johnson.  567 

1 .  And  leaves  the  bonny  traitor  in  the  Tower. 

2.  And  leaves  the  wealthy  traitor  in  the  Tower. 

The  word  bonny  was  of  course  used  as  an  epithet  to  the  Scottish  lords 
who  were  executed  at  the  Rebellion. 

1.  Tho'  Confiscation's  vultnres  clang  around. 

2.  Tho'  Confiscation's  vultures  hover  round. 

1.  New  fears  in  dire  vicissitude  invade. 

2.  iVbtc  fears  in  dire  vicissitude  invade. 

1.  Yet  still  the  gen'ral  cry  the  skies  assails. 

2.  Yet  still  one  gen'ral  cry  the  skies  assails. 

1 .  The  richest  landlord  on  the  banks  of  Trent  ? 

2.  The  wisest  justice  on  the  banks  of  Trent  ? 

1.  For,  why  did  Wolsey,  by  the  steps  of  fate. 

2.  For,  why  did  Wolaey,  near  the  steeps  of  fate. 

1.  And  Sloth's  bland  opiates  shed  their  fumes  in  vain. 

2.  And  Sloth  effuse  her  opiate  fumes  in  vain. 

1 .  Yet  hope  not  life  from  grief  or  danger  free. 

2.  Yet  hope  nor  life  from  grief  or  danger  free. 

1.  And  pause  awhile  from  Learning,  to  be  wise. 

2.  And  pause  awhile  from  Letters,  to  be  wise. 

1.  Toil,  envy,  want,  the  garret,  and  the  gaol. 

2.  Toil,  envy,  want,  the  patron,  and  the  gaoL 

1.  Nor  deem,  when  Learning  her  lost  prize  bestows. 

2.  Nor  deem,  when  Learning  her  last  prize  bestows. 

1.  See,  when  the  vulgar  scap'd,  despis'd  or  aw'd. 

2.  See,  when  the  vulgar  'scapes,  despis'd  or  aw'd. 

1.  O'er  love,  o'er  force,  extends  his  wide  domain. 

2.  O'er  love,  o'er  fear,  extends  his  wide  domain. 

1 .  Behold  surrounding  kings  their  power  combine. 

2.  Behold  surrounding  kings  their  pow'rs  combine. 

1.  And  all  the  sons  of  ravage  crowd  the  war. 

2.  With  all  the  sons  of  ravage  crowd  the  war. 

1.  Unnumber'd  maladies  each  joint  invade. 

2.  Unnumber'd  maladies  his  joints  invade. 

1 .  An  age  that  melts  in  unperceiv'd  decay. 

2.  An  age  that  melts  with  unperceiv'd  decay. 

1 .  Such  age  there  is,  and  who  could  wish  its  end  ? 

2.  Such  age  there  is,  and  who  shall  wish  its  end  ? 

Each  nymph  your  rival,  and  each  youth  your  slave  ? 
(  An  envious  breast  with  certain  mischirf glows, 
\  And  slaves,  the  maxim  tells,  are  always  foes. 

Against  your  fame  with  fondness  hate  combines. 

—The  above  couplet  is  omitted  in  the  subsequent  editions. 

1.  By  Int'rest,  Prudence,  and  by  Flatt'ry,  Pride. 

2.  To  Int'rest,  Prudence,  and  to  Flatt'ry,  Pride. 

1 .  Swim  darkling  down  the  torrent  of  his  fate  ? 

2.  Roll  darkling  down  the  torrent  of  his  fate  ? 

1 .  No  cries  attempt  the  mercies  of  the  skies  ? 

2.  No  cries  invoke  the  mercies  of  the  skies  ? 

.  t  Yet,  when  the  sense  of  sacred  presence  prest. 
'  I  When  strong  devotion  Jf/&  thy  glowing  breast. 
o  (  Yet,  when  the  sense  of  sacred  presence  fires. 

I  And  strong  devotion  to  the  skies  aspires. 
\.    Thinks  death  kind  Nature's  signal  of  retreat. 
2.    Counts  death  kind  Nature's  signal  of  retreat. 

P.  231.    "Mr.  David  Hume  related  to  me  from  Mr.  Garrick  that 


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568 


Notes  on  Boswell  s  Johnson. 


Johnson  at  last  denied  himself  this  amusement,  from  considerations  of 
rigid  virtue,  saying — '  I  11  come  no  more  behind  yonr  scenes,  Dark! ; 
for  the  silk  stockings  and  white  bosoms  of  your  actresses  atdte 
amorous  propensities' — Perhaps  the  Editor  of  this  work  was  not  aware 
that  the  four  last  words  were  not  Dr.  Johnson's,  but  were  substituted  for 
his.  Although  we  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  insert  the  original  words ; 
yet  these  that  now  stand  in  the  text  should  be  printed  in  Italics,  or 
brackets,  to  separate  them  from  that  which  is  genuiue.  It  is  impossible 
to  suppose  that  Boswell  was  not  acquainted  with  the  genuine  expres- 
sion; which  would  not  have  been  diluted  in  the  vivid  recollection  of 
Garrick. 

P.  255.  "  The  style  of  this  work  [The  Rambler]  has  been  censured 
by  some  shallow  critics  as  involved  and  turgid,  and  abouudiug  with  anti- 
quated and  bad  words.  So  ill-founded  is  the  first  part  of  this  objection," 
&c — Enough  has  been  said  on  the  subject;  Mr.  Croker's  note  is  very 
judicious :  it  would  be  as  well  to  add  to  it  what  Sir  James  Mackintosh 
has  written  in  his  sketch  of  Johnson.  "  As  the  mind  of  Johnson  was 
robust,  but  neither  nimble  nor  graceful,  so  his  style,  though  sometimes 
significant,  nervous,  and  even  majestic,  was  void  of  all  grace  aud  case, 
and  being  the  roost  unlike  of  all  styles  to  the  natural  effusion  of  a  culti- 
vated mind,  had  the  least  pretensions  to  the  praise  of  elegance.  During 
the  period  now  near  a  close,  in  which  he  was  a  favourite  model,  a  stiff 
symmetry,  and  tedious  monotony,  succeeded  to  that  various  music  with 
which  the  taste  of  Addisou  diversified  his  periods,  and  to  that  natural 
imagery  which  the  latter's  beautiful  genius  seemed  with  graceful  negli- 
gence to  scatter  over  his  composition." 

P.  257.  "  Some  of  them  (i.  e.  antiquated  and  hard  words)  have  been 
adopted  by  him  (Johnson  in  his  Rambler)  unnecessarily,  may  perhaps  be 
allowed,  but  in  general  they  are  evidently  an  advantage ;  for  without 
them  his  stately  ideas  would  be  confined  and  cramped.  He  thai  thinks 
with  more  extent  than  another,  will  want  words  of  larger  meaning." 

To  these  observations  of  Boswell,  Mr.  Croker  has  added  the  following 
words  : — "  This  is  a  truism  in  disguise  of  a  sophism.  '  He  that  thinks  with 
more  extent  will/  no  doubt,  *  want  words  of  a  larger  meaning •  but  the 
words  themselves  may  be  plain  and  simple  j  the  number  of  syllables  and 
oro-rotundity  (if  one  may  venture  to  use  the  expression)  of  the  sound  of  a 
word  can  never  add  much,  and  may,  in  some  cases,  do  injury  to  the 
meaning.  What  words  were  ever  written  of  a  larger  meaning  than  the 
following,  which,  however,  are  the  most  simple  and  elementary  that  can  be 
found  : — *  God  said,  Let  there  be  light,  and  there  was  light.'  " — Boswell's 
language,  when  he  attempts  to  reason,  is  so  loose  and  vague,  that  it  is 
difficult  to  understand  his  meaning  with  precision.  However,  we  do  not 
see  in  what  way  Johnson's  stately  ideas  would  be  confined  for  the  want  of 
sesquipedalian  words :  those  long  and  learned  words  quoted  by  Dr.  Burrows, 
would  find  synonymous  expressions  in  a  more  vernacular  tongue.  '  He 
that  thinks/  says  Boswell,  'with  more  extent  than  another,  will  want 
words  of  larger  meaning.'  We  see  no  reason  for  agreeing  to  the  truth  of 
this  observation.  He  that  thinks  with  more  extent,  will,  it  is  troe,  want 
more  words  to  express  the  wide  expanse  of  his  knowledge,  or  use  his 
words  with  more  emphatic  propriety,  and  more  skilful  combination,  than 
a  writer  of  more  confined  powers  j  but  wrhy  he  should  want  particular 
words  of  larger  meaning  we  cannot  see.  The  explication  of  his  thoughts 
will  not  depend  upon  certain  words  of  larger  signification,  so  much  as  on 


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Notes  on  Doswell's  Johnson. 


569 


his  just  and  logical  train  of  reasoning,  expressed  in  common  terms.  How- 
ever great  the  extent  of  his  thoughts,  they  must  proceed  step  by  step,  and 
language  will  keep  pace  with  them.    It  is  true  that  the  deep  reasoner,  or 
the  scientific  philosopher,  may  occasionally  want  a  combination  of  lan- 
guage that  was  never  called  for  before,  and  then  new  terms  will  be  invented 
to  express  new  ideas  j  but  that  supposition  does  not  lie  within  the  line  of 
our  argument.    What  Johnson  also  in  the  Idler  calls  words  of  larger 
meaning,  Bos  well  takes  for  granted  are  longer  and  larger  words  in  size  ; 
but  when  Mr.  Croker  adds — *  What  words  were  ever  written  of  a  larger 
meaning  than  the  following,  which  however  are  the  most  simple  and  ele- 
mentary that  can  be  found,—'  God  said,  Let  there  be  light,  and  there  was 
light/  we  must  distinguish  between  the  words  themselves,  and  the  ideas 
we  associate  with  them.    We  might  use  the  very  same  words,  when  we 
told  oar  servant  to  bring  candles  (we  beg  to  say,  lest  we  may  be  mistaken, 
that  we  are  now  speaking  argumentatively),  and  the  words — quasi  words — 
would  convey  the  same  meaning — 'bring  light,  and  light  was  brought;* 
this  is  all  they  could  convey.    The  large  meaning  in  the  former  case  is 
superadded  by  our  previous  knowledge  of  what  that  light  was,  and  what  sub- 
lime and  splendid  images  accompanied  the  picture  which  we  formed  of  the 
creating  Deity,  and  of  the  elements  bursting  from  chaos  into  light.  In  what 
proportion,  and  at  what  time,  words  of  foreign  structure,  or  native  to  the 
language,  should  be  used,  is  a  question  that  must  be  referred  to  the  finest 
taste,  and  the  most  practised  and  experienced  ear  and  judgment.  Perhaps 
not  a  single  word  in  Milton  could  in  this  way  be  substituted  for  another, 
without  great  injury  and  disadvantage  to  the  work.    This  fine  poetical 
discrimination  must  be  the  result  of  the  most  finished  taste,  and  the  most 
delicate  feeling,  and  is  the  proi»erty  of  Genius  alone.    We  consider  in  the 
present  case  that  Mr.  Croker  has  not  distinguished  between  the  ideas  which 
the  words  suggest  to  us,  and  the  additional  ideas  which  we  throw  back  upon 
them,  but  which  are  only  adventitious  to*  them.    Undoubtedly  Mr.  Croker 
is  right  in  saying  that  Johnson  must  be  considered  as  a  benefactor  to  our 
language.    It  is  supposed  that  he  derived  his  foreign  style  from  our  old 
writers;  but  he  who  goes  to  those  treasure  houses  of  knowledge  and 
eloquence  merely  to  cull  their  exotic  flowers  of  speech,  takes  that  which  is 
of  the  least  value  in  them. 

P.  279.  '  O  Lord  !  so  far  as  it  may  be  lawful  in  me,  1  commend  to  thy 
fatherly  go<  >duess  the  soul  of  my  departed  wife ;  beseeching  thee  to  grant 
her  whatever  is  best  in  her  present  state,  and  finally  to  receive  her  to 
eternal  happi'ie**-'— Malone's  note  is  as  follows :— '  It  does  not  appear  that 
Johnson  was  fully  persuaded  that  there  was  a  middle  state.  His  prayers 
being  only  conditional,  i.  e.  if  such  a  state  existed.'— This  interpretation  is 
surely  erroneous ;  Johnson  expresses  no  doubt  of  what  Malone  calls  the 
middle  state,  in  which  the  soul  of  his  wife  existed,  but  of  the  lawfulness  of 
his  prayers.  The  arguments  on  the  subject  of  an  intermediate  state,  in 
which  the  soul  is  supposed  to  exist  after  its  separation  from  the  body  till 
the  day  of  final  judgment,  and  its  reunion  to  the  body,  may  be  found  com- 
pendiously drawn  up,  and  cor  rectly  stated  in  Dr.  Whatelys  Discourses  of 
a  Country  Clergyman  to  his  Parishioners. 

P.  306.  When  Warburtou  s  Works  are  re-published,  the  interesting  and 
clever  letters  which  were  written  by  him,  and  first  printed  in  the  Garnck 
Correspondence,  should  uot  be  omitted.  The  present  writer  heard  Dr. 
Parr  boast,  that  Warburton's  fame  stood  on  the  two  pillars  of  his  and 
Johnson's  commendation. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV.  4  D 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


.570 


[Dec. 


EARLY  FRENCH  AND  NORMAN  POETRY .• 

OUR  continental  neighbours  have  been  of  late  more  than  usually  diligent  to 
the  publication  of  the  remains  of  their  ancient  literature,  and  as  their  publica- 
tions on  this  subject  have  accumulated  on  our  table,  we  have  come  to  the  reso- 
lution of  devoting  a  page  or  two  to  the  notice  of  them.  We  have  already.  00 
a  former  occasion,  given  an  abstract  of  M.  Michel's  beautiful  edition  of  the 
Romanco  of  La  Violette,  and  of  his  Eustace  the  Monk,  and  we  have  also  lately 
noticed,  though  briefly,  the  excellent  supplementary  volume  to  the  French 
Renard,  edited  by  M.  Chabaille. 

Among  the  novelties  before  us  is  an  excellent  edition  of  the  curious  fabliaux 
of  Gaultier  d'Aupais,  hitherto  only  known  by  the  abstract  given  bv  Legrand 
d'Aussy,— curious  as  being  written  in  the  long  Alexandrines,  with  the  oft- 
repeated  rhymes  of  the  earlier  romances, — which  has  been  published  lately, 
with  another  shorter  fabliau,  by  M.  Francisque  Michel.  In  its  connection  with 
the  history  of  the  earlier  French  and  Norman  Romances,  this  fabliau  is  inte- 
resting and  valuable,  but  the  story  it  contains — and  in  this  it  differs  widely 
from  the  general  character  of  the  fabliaux  of  the  thirteenth  century— is  dull  and 
ill-contrived,  without  ingenuity  or  interest. 

There  is  not  in  the  world,  saith  our  fabliau,  a  place  where  one  is  so  well 
served  and  so  comfortably  lodged  as  in  a  tavern — 

Par  foi !  il  le  me  samble,  et  si  est  veritcz, 
Que  il  n'est  lieus  en  terre  ou  Ten  soit  conrecz 
Si  bien  comme  en  taverfee  oil  tout  est  aprestez — 

as  many  a  traveller  has  exclaimed  when,  by  its  warm  fire-side,  he  rests  him- 
self from  the  fatigues  of  his  day's  journey,  and  listens  to  the  storm  without, 
and  which  perchance  he  has  but  just  escaped.  So,  it  seems,  thought  Gaultier 
d'Aupais,  when  he  entered  the  inn  at  Beauvais,  after  having  sustained  many  a 
hard  blow  in  the  tournament  which  had  been  held  there  during  the  day.  Gaul- 
tier, however,  paid  dearly  for  the  shelter  which  the  tavern  afforded  him,  for, 
rinding  himself  destitute  of  money  wherewith  to  pay  his  scot,  he  was  induced 
to  join  a  party  who  were  at  play  within,  and,  after  losing  his  horse  and  every 
thing  he  possessed  except  his  shirt,  he  was  obliged  to  return  home  with  that 
only  for  a  covering.  His  father  received  him  with  reproaches  and  blows,  and 
he  left  the  house  to  wander  over  the  country  in  poverty  and  wretchedness,  till 
he  fell  deeply  in  love  with  the  beautiful  daughter  of  a  vavasour.  He  obtained 
employment  in  the  castle  of  the  maiden's  father,  where  he  served  his  master 
well  and  faithfully.  At  length,  unable  to  conceal  longer  the  flame  which  burns 
within  him,  he  confides  the  secret  of  his  love  to  a  minstrel,  who  at  first  discou- 
rages him,  but  in  the  end  counsels  him  to  seek  a  favourable  opportunity  of 


*  Specimens  of  the  Early  Poetry  of  France,  from  the  time  of  the  Troubadours  and 
Trouveres  to  the  reign  of  Henri  Quatre.  By  Louisa  Stuart  Costello.  8vo.  London, 
W.  Pickering,  1835. 

Guutier  d'Aupais  ;  Le  Chevalier  a  la  Corbcille ;  fabliaux  du  xin.  siecle.  Public* 

pour  la  premiere  foia  par  Francisque  Michel.  8vo.  Paris,  Silvestre,  London, 

Pickering,  IH35. 

Un  dit  d'Avcntures,  piece  burlesque  et  satirique  du  xm*  si£cle,  publiee  ...  par 
G.  S.  Trebutien.  8vo.  Paris,  Silvestre,  1835. 

Le  Dit  de  Menage,  piece  en  vers  du  xiv'  stfclc,  publiee  par  G.  S.  Trebutien.  8vo. 
Paris,  Silvestre,  1835. 

Li  Romans  de  Garin  lc  Loherain,  public  pour  la  premiere  fois  ....  par  M.  P. 
Paris.    12mo.  Paris,  Techcner,  tome  1.  1H33.  tome  11,  1835. 

Analyse  Critique  et  Htteraire  du  Roman  dc  Garin-le- Loherain,  precedes  de  qnfl- 
ques  observations  sur  Torigine  des  Romans  de  Chevalerie,  par  Leroux  de  Liucy.  Wmo. 
Paris,  Techeucr,  1K35. 

Lettre  de  Philippe  dc  Valois  k  Alphonne  IV.  roi  d'Aragon  ;  .  .  .  publiee.  poirr  la 
premiere  fois,  sous  les  auspices  de  M.  Guizot,  Ministre  de  l'Instruction  Publique,  par 
Francixque  Michel.    8vo.  Paris,  Silvestre,  1835. 

Chroniquc  dc  Turpin.    Ato.  Paris,  Silvestre,  1835. 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]  Early  French  and  Norma*  Poetry.  571 

making  known  to  the  lady  his  passion.  The  interest  of  the  story  now  suddenly 
falls — there  are  no  more  difficulties  in  Gaultier's  way,  no  crosses  in  his  love. 
He  tells  the  maiden  his  real  condition  and  rank  ;  when  she  discovers  that  his 
story  is  true,  she  falls  in  love  with  him,  and  confides  the  secret  to  her  mother, 
who  is  soon  satisfied  and  repeats  it  to  her  lord.  He  also  is  satisfied,  Gaultier 
is  reconciled  to  his  father,  and  married,  and  here  the  story  ends. 

The  other  poem  in  M.  Michel's  well-edited  little  volume  is  the  short  and 
laughable  fabliau  '  Du  Chevalier  a  la  Corbeille/  which  is  printed  from  a 
manuscript  in  the  British  Museum. 

M.  Michel,  who  has,  we  understand,  been  chosen  by  the  Minister  a  member 
of  the  *  Commission  Historique,'  has  just  published  an  extremely  curious  letter 
from  the  French  king,  Philippe  de  Valois,  to  Alphonso  the  Fourth,  King  of 
Arragon,  which  has  been  discovered  among  the  criminal  registers  of  the  par- 
liament of  Paris.  The  subject  of  this  letter  is  the  ill-treatment  which  an  envoy 
of  Charles  the  Fourth  of  France  (the  predecessor  of  Philippe)  to  the  Sultan  of 
Egypt,  had  experienced  from  certain  men,  subjects  of  the  King  of  Arragon, 
who  are  accused,  amongst  other  things,  of  having  used  expressions  extremely 
derogatory  to  the  King  of  France.    For  instance,  these  men  told  the  Sultan  of 
Egypt — "  quod  rex  Francie  non  crat  verus  in  fide  Christiana  Catolicus,  imo 
pocius  hereticus,  eo  auod  contra  fidem  christianam  matrimonium  contraxerat 
et  cum  sua  consanguinea  germana  jacebat ;  dixit  eciam  quod  papa,  qui  dice- 
batur  super  dicto  matrimonio  dispensasse,  erat  eciam  hereticus  ;  quodque  omnes 
reges  Francie  a  xxx*  annis  citra  foerant  factores  false  roonete,  et  idcirco  omnes 
mortui  fucrant  mala  morte."   This  letter  is  dated  Sept.  3,  1335.    Among  the 
works  which  M.  Michel  has  at  present  in  the  press,  we  may  notice,  as  the  most 
interesting,  the  4to.  edition  of  the  long  and  valuable  Chronicle  of  Normandy, 
by  Denolt  de  Sainte-More,  which  will  make  two  volumes,  and  will  be  printed 
at  the  royal  press ;  two  volumes  of  inedited  pieces  relating  to  the  conquest  of 
England  by  the  Normans,  of  which  the  first  is  just  ready  for  publication  by 
Frere  of  Rouen  ;  an  edition  of  the  curious  poem  of  Walter  de  Bibblesworth, 
which  was  used  at  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  and  during  the  fourteenth  centu- 
ries to  teach  the  French  language  to  Englishmen ;  and  an  Anglo-Saxon  Biblio- 
graphy ;  the  latter  preceded  by  an  essay  on  the  study  of  Anglo-Saxon  in  England, 
by  our  excellent  Saxonist  Mr.  Kemble,  the  editor  of  Beowulf.    At  present  there 
appears  some  little  inclination  among  the  French  sovans  to  study  our  primitive 
tongue,  and  the  accomplished  M.  de  Larenaudiere  has  in  the  press  at  Paris  a 
translation  of  an  essay  on  the  Anglo-Saxon  language  and  poetry,  which  ap- 
peared in  Frazer's  Magazine  of  July  last,  with  some  few  additions  and  correc- 
tions which  have  been  communicated  by  the  writer. 

We  are  delighted  to  hear  that  M.  Michel  has  put  in  the  press  the  very  early 
metrical  romance  of  Roncevaux,  which  he  has  transcribed  from  the  original 
MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  and  that  he  is  preparing  for  publica- 
tion the  French  romance  of  Horn.  A  fit  companion  to  the  romance  of  Ronce- 
vaux, is  the  valuable  fac-simile  edition  of  the  very  rare  French  version  of  the 
Chronicle  of  Turpin,  which  has  lately  been  published  by  that  enterprising 
bookseller,  Silvestre.  It  is  printed  from  the  only  known  edition  of  the  French 
version,  that  printed  at  Paris,  in  1527,  by  Pierre  Vidone  for  Regnault  Chaul- 
dierc,  with  the  type  which  has  been  made  in  exact  imitation  of  that  of  the 
ancient  French  printers,  at  the  expense  of  the  Prince  d'Essling.  The  curious 
romance  of  Charlemagne's  voyage  to  Jerusalem  and  Constantinople,  which  M. 
Michel  has  edited  from  a  manuscript  in  the  British  Museum,  is  nearly  teady,  and 
his  invaluable  collection  of  the  French  Romances  of  Tristram,  with  his  learned 
preface,  and  a  reprint  of  the  Greek  poem  on  King  Arthur's  heroes,  which  was 
edited  by  Von  der  Hagen,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Vatican,  is  just  published,  both 
l>y  Mr.  Pickering. 

While  speaking  of  romances,  we  must  not  forget  the  copy  we  have  just 
received  of  a  notice  of  a  hitherto  unknown  romance,  in  Provencal  verse,  pre- 
served among  the  manuscripts  of  the  library  of  Carcassonne,  and  described  by 
the  learned  Raynouard,  in  the  thirteenth  volume  of  the  '  Notices  des  Manu- 
scrits.'   M.  Ravnouard  has  given  an  abstract  of  this  romance  (which  he  cnti- 

Digitized  by  Google 


572  Early  French  and  Norman  Poetry.  [Dec. 

ties  Flamcnca,  from  the  name  of  the  heroine),  as  far  as  it  is  preserved,  for  it  is 
imperfect,  with  copious  extracts.  We  are  tempted  to  quote,  as  extremely  curi- 
ous and  interesting,  the  description  of  the  performances  of  the  jongleurs,  who 
were  assembled  at  the  grand  court  held  by  the  Count  Archambaod,  at  Bourboa- 


Apres  si  levo  li  juglar ;  Afterwards  the  jongleurs  arose ; 

Cascus  se  vol  faire  auzir ;  Each  tried  to  make  himself  heard  ; 

Adonc  auziras  retentir  Then  you  might  hear  resound 

Cordas  de  manta  tempradura.  The  chords  of  many  a  melody. 

Qui  sap  novella  violadura,  He  who  knew  a  new  tune  upon  the  viole, 

Ni  canto,  ni  disoort,  ni  lais,  Or  song  or  discort  or  lay, 

Al  plus  que  poc,  avant  si  trais.  Pat  himself  forward  as  much  as  he  con]  J. 

L'uns  viola  lais  de  Cabrefoil,  One  played  on  the  viole  the  lay  of  Cbevre- 

feuille, 

E  l'autre  eel  de  Tintagoil ;  And  another  that  of  Tintagoil ; 

L'us  cantet  eels  dels  fis  amans.  One  sang  that  of  the  faithful  lovers, 

E  l'autre  eel  que  fes  Ivans.  Another  that  which  Ivans  made. 


L'us  menet  arpa,  1' autre  viula ;  One  held  a  harp,  another  a  viole ; 

L'us  flautella,  l'autre  siula,  One  played  on  the  flute,  another  whistled; 

L'us  menet  giga,  l'autre  rota  ;  One  used  the  gigue,  the  other  the  rote ; 

L'us  diz  los  motx  e  rautre  'Is  nota;  One  said  the  words,  and  another  played 

the  notes  to  them  ; 

L'ug  estiva,  l'autre  frcstelln  ;  One  played  the  estive,  another  the  frestel ; 


L'us  musa,  l'autre  caramella;  One  played  on  the  corncmuse,  the  othtr 

on  the  chalumeau ; 

L'us  mandura,  e  l'autr*  aceorda  One  the  lute,  and  another  tuned  together 

Lo  sauteri  al  manicorda.  The  psaltery  with  the  monachorde. 

L'us  fai  lo  juec  dels  banastels,  One  did  the  game  of  baskets, 

L'autre  jugava  de  coutels  ;  Another  played  with  knives  ; 

L'us  vai  per  sol  e  l'autre  tomba ;  One  went  along  on  the  ground,  and  ano- 

ther tumbled ; 

L'autre  balet  ab  sa  retomba ;  Another  capered ; 

L'us  passet  sercle,  l'autre  sail ;  One  passed  in  a  circle,  another  jumped ; 

Negus  a  son  mestier  non  fail.  No  one  was  backward  in  exhibiting  his 

craft. 

Then  follows  a  long  and,  for  the  history  of  middle  age  poetry,  valuable 
enumeration  of  the  subjects  on  which  the  poets  of  those  days  rhymed,  and  by 
the  recital  of  which  the  jongleurs  delighted  their  hearers,  and  gained  for  them- 
setves  wherewith  to  live  merrily  and  without  care.  Another  passage  informs 
us,  that  in  the  thirteenth  century,  for  this  seems  to  be  the  age  of  the  poem,  it 
was  one  of  the  accomplishments  of  a  Parisian  scholar,  to  be  acquainted  with 
the  English  tongue.  William  of  Nevers,  one  of  the  chief  heroes  of  the  romance,— 

Fo  noiris  a  Paris  en  Franz  a  ;  Was  educated  at  Paris,  in  Prance  ; 

Lei  apres  tant  de  las  .vii.  arts  There  he  learnt  so  much  of  the  seven  arts 

Que  pogra  ben  en  totas  parts  That  he  could  well  in  every  part 

Tener  escolas,  si  volgues,  Keep  school,  if  he  would, 

Legir  e  cantar,  si  '1  plagues ;  Read  and  sing,  if  it  pleased  him  ; 

Enghea  saup  meilz  d'autre  clerque.  He  knew  English  better  than  any  other 

clerk. 

From  the  list  of  the  works  of  the  French  and  Norman  bards,  as  sung  by  the 
jongleurs  at  festivals,  which  is  given  by  the  writer  of  this  romance,  we  see  how 
largely  in  his  time  they  had  borrowed  from  the  mythologies  and  histories  of 
Greece  and  Rome.  Another  little  book,  which  has  just  come  to  hand,  and  of 
which  Mr.  Pickering  has  a  few  copies  on  sale,  shows  us  clearly  that  not  a  few 
of  the  fabliaux  of  the  same  period  had  an  eastern  origin.  This  book,  the  '  Dis- 
ciplina  Clericalis'  of  Petrus  Alphonsus,  was  printed,  in  1824,  by  the  *  Socie'te 
des  Bibliophiles  Francais/  whose  publications  are  generally  as  difficult  of  access 
as  those  of  our  own  Roxburghers.  Petrus  Alphonsus  was  a  Spanish  Jew,  born 
in  1062  at  Hucsca,  in  Arragon,  distinguished  at  an  early  period  for  his  learn- 
ing, who  in  1106  was  converted  to  the  Christian  faith,  and  afterwards  wrote 
against  the  tenets  of  his  former  associates.    In  the  '  Disciplina  Clericalis,' 


Digitized  by  Goo< 


1835.]  Early  French  and  Norman  Poetry.  573 

Petrus  Alphonsus  introduces  a  father  instructing  bis  son  in  morals  by  the  reeital 
of  histories  and  fables  which,  though  some  of  them  recur  amongst  the  moat 
popular  fabliaux  of  the  middle  ages,  and  a  few  can  hardly  have  originated  in 
the  east,  he  pretends  to  have  taken  from  oriental  sources.  '  Propterea/  says  he, 
*  libellum  compegi,  partim  ex  proverbiis  philosophorum,  et  suis  castigationibua 
Arabicis,  et  fabulis,  et  vereibus,  partim  ex  animalium  et  volucrum  similitudi- 
nibus.'  Tn  this  edition,  which  is  a  very  neat  little  book,  the  Latin  text  is 
accompanied  page  by  page  with  an  early  French  prose  version,  and  in  a  second 
by  a  French  metrical  version,  under  the  title  of  '  le  Chastoiement  d'un 
a  son  fils/  differing  from,  and  better  and  longer  than  the  '  Castoiement' 
printed  by  Barbazan  and  Meon,  and  all  showing  the  extreme  popularity  and 
influence  of  Peter  Alphonso's  work  during  the  middle  ages. 

Mr.  Pickering  has  also,  we  believe,  received  some  copies  of  the  valuable 
work  on  fables  by  M.  Robert,  the  keeper  of  the  library  of  St.  Genevieve,  which 
has  hitherto  been  much  less  known  than  it  merits  in  England. 

M.  Achille  Jubinal,  who  published  last  year  a  fragment  of  an  early  French 
Mystery  on  the  Resurrection,  a  sermon  in  French  verse  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, and  two  pieces  of  Rutebeuf,  of  whose  works  we  believe  it  to  be  his  inten- 
tion to  publish  a  complete  collection,  has  lately  published  two  very  curious 
poems  on  the  Fall  of  Pierre  de  la  Broce,  the  chamberlain  of  Philip  the  Bold, 
who  was  hanged  on  the  thirtieth  of  June,  1278. 

Two  metrical  pieces,  in  black-letter,  have  been,  within  two  or  three  weeks, 
published  by  Silvestre,  the  Parisian  bookseller,  under  the  editorial  care  of  M. 
G.  S.  Trebutien,  which  are  the  more  interesting  as  being  both  very  early 
burlesques.  The  first,  entitled  •  Un  dit  d'Aventures,'  a  poem  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  is  a  satire  upon  the  popular  romances  of  the  day,  and  of  the  impro- 
bable and  absurd  incidents  which  they  contained,  and  is  a  fit  companion  to  the 
Adventures  of  Baron  Munchausen.  Some  incidents  indeed  in  these  two  satires 
are  not  very  dissimilar.  A  Munchausen  of  the  thirteenth  century  is  in  all  cases 
a  curiosity.  The  other  of  these  poems,  the  *  Dit  de  Manage,'  is  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  It  is  a  satire  against  marriage,  and  seems  to  have  been  in  part  founded 
upon  the  *  Oustillement  au  Villain,'  which  was  edited  by  the  learned  M.  Mon- 
merque*,  and  which  we  have  formerly  had  occasion  to  mention.  '  Le  Dit  de 
Manage/  observes  its  editor,  '  est  une  de  ces  compositions  dont  les  jongleurs 
atnusoient  leurs  auditeurs  de  place  publique,  et  sa  forme  dramatique  pourroit 
meme  faire  supposer  qu'elle  e'toit  recite'e  par  plusieurs  personnages.*  Its  plot 
is  very  simple : — a  peasant,  or  vilain,  is  desirous  of  marrying ;  he  asks  the 
counsel  of  a  clerk  whom  he  meets ;  the  clerk  had  himself  been  married,  had 
ust  buried  his  wife,  and  he  recounts  to  the  vilain  the  miseries  of  a  married 
ife,  and  the  infinite  number  of  goods  and  chattels  with  which,  when  married, 
he  must  furnish  his  house.  The  latter  circumstance  is,  more  than  anything 
else,  discouraging  to  the  peasant.  The  clerk  then  declares  his  determination  of 
becoming  priest,  and  the  poem  ends  in  a  tirade  against  the  clergy,  who  are 
abused  by  the  vilain  and  defended  by  the  clerk.  We  quote  the  concluding 
lines  of  the  poem,  chiefly  for  the  curious  expression  of  resentment  against  the 
English,  which  comes  at  the  end.  The  language  is  not  sufficiently  antiquated 
to  need  a  translation. 

(Vilain.) — Voir,  il  me  desplait  trop  qu'il  faut  argent  baillier 
A  baptixier  enfant  et  le  cresmel  paier, 
Des  femmes  relever  veulent  avoir  loier, 
Et  quant  il  portent  Dieu  il  en  ont  un  denier. 

(Clerk.) — Davoudet,  le  boucel  te  puist  crever  les  yex  t 
Pas  ne  Pacoustumai  li  usages  est  tiex, 
Prestres  couchent  et  lievent  celul  qui  est  vraix  Diex, 
Par  eux  sont  couronnees  pluseurs  anies  cs  ciex. 

(Vilain.) — Dous  tnentes  mais  dampnees  en  enfer  a  tourmcnt, 
Car  des  mora  et  dee  vis  veulent  avoir  argent ; 
Leurs  paroch*  ;ns  font  couz  menu  et  Bouvent ; 
Voir,  quant  Diex  en  a  .i.  le  deable  en  a  .c. 

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574  Early  French  and  Norman  Poetry.  [Dec. 

(CIcri.) — Pour  quoy  diz  y  tea  moa,  malcureux  chetia ! 
Pour  ce  que  je  di  voir  estes  vous  csbahiz  ? 
Se  vous  me  voulez  croire,  par  Dieu  de  paradia, 
Bon  conaeil  voua  donrai  et  dcrant  vos  amia. 

( VilainJ)—  Di  quanquea  tu  veulx  dire  et  je  t'escouterai,  • 
Se  tu  me  diz  raiaon  je  m'i  acorderai, 
Se  voua  voulez  aoufTrir  d'estrc  prestre  cure, 
Jamais  jour  de  ma  vie  fern  me  n'eapouserai. 

(Clerk.)— Et  que  ferona  noua  dont?  di  moi  tout  ton  penaer, 
Tu  ne  me  doins  en  ricns  ton  courage  celer, 
En  Engleterre  yron  tous  cea  Englois  tuer  ? 
Car  on  dit  que  vers  nous  Be  veulent  reveler. 

(Vilain.) — Douz  amis,  je  le  veul ;  car  se  prestrea  estoie, 
Et  soisante  iivres  de  bonne  rente  avoie, 
Si  lairoie  tout  quoi  et  tuer  les  yroie, 
A  touz  ceuz  qui  sont  ci  otroit  Jhesucrist  joie  I 

M.  Paulin  Paris  has  published  the  second  and  concluding  volume  of  his  elegant 
edition  of  the  romance  of '  Gar  in  H  Loherrainc/  of  which  a  notice  and  abstract 
is  given  in  the  part  of  the  Foreign  Quarterly  Review  lately  published ;  and  a  very 
neat  and  clever  analysis  of  this  interesting  romance,  by  M.  Leroux  de  Lincy, 
the  gentleman  who,  we  believe,  transcribed  for  M.  Paris  the  original  text,  has 
been  published  by  the  same  bookseller,  Techener,  who  published  Paris's  edition. 

We  turn  from  the  publications  of  our  neighbours,  to  one  which  has  lately 
made  its  appearance  at  home,  the  elegant '  Specimens  of  the  Early  Poetry  of 
France/  by  Miss  Louisa  Stuart  Costello.  The  books  of  which  we  have  been 
speaking,  with  the  exception  of  Leroux  de  Lincy 's  elegant  work  on  the  ro- 
mance of  the  Lorrains,  will  find  a  place  only  on  the  shelves  of  the  learned. 
Miss  Costello's  select  metrical  versions  of  the  works  of  the  older  French  poets,  is, 
on  the  contrary,  a  book  for  the  general  reader.  The  interesting  matter  it  contains, 
the  admirable  manner  in  which  it  is,  to  use  the  mercantile  term,  '  got  up,'  and 
its  beautiful  coloured  illustrations,  all  make  it  a  charming  companion  for  the 
drawing-room  table.  It  is,  in  fact,  just  such  a  book  as  we  would  select  for  a 
Christmas  present. 

Miss  Costello  begins  with  the  Troubadours,  or  poets  of  Provence,  from  whose 
songs,  as  published  in  M.  Raynouard's  most  valuable  and  now  rare  book  on 
the  Provencal  poetry,  she  has  given  us  many  specimens,  all  charmingly  trans- 
lated. To  the  Troubadours  we  shall  confine  ourselves  in  the  brief  notice  which 
we  give  of  her  book.  The  period  during  which  flourished  the  poets  from  whom 
she  translates,  extends  from  the  latter  end  of  the  eleventh  century,  when  flou- 
rished the  poetical  count  William  of  Poictiers,  to  the  end  of  the  twelfth.  The 
subject  of  their  songs  is  generally  love,  which  is  treated  in  every  possible 
shape  and  form,  and  often  with  far  more  elegance  and  delicacy  than  might  be 
expected  from  such  an  age  of  violence  and  tumult.  The  following,  for  example, 
is  by  •  Folquet  de  Marseilles.' 

If  I  must  fly  thee,  turn  away 
Those  eyes  where  love  is  sweetly  dwelling, 

And  bid  each  charm,  each  grace  decay, 
That  smile,  that  voice,  all  else  excelling  ; 

Banish  those  gentle  wiles  that  won  me. 

And  those  soft  words  which  have  undone  me ! 
That  I  may  leave  without  regret 
All  that  I  cannot  now  forget ; 
That  I  may  leave  thee,  nor  despair 
To  lose  a  gem  without  compare. — (p.  10.) 

"  From  the  above  song,"  observes  Miss  Costello,  "  it  would  be  difficult  to  guess 
that  its  author  was  one  of  the  moat  furious  of  the  persecutors  of  the  Albigenses,  and 
distinguished  himself  against  them  in  the  '  sacred  '  war  of  extermination.  He  was 
Bishop  of  Thoulouse,  and  appears  to  have  suggested  to  Innocent  III.  the  first  rules 
of  hia  order  of 1  preaching  brothers  of  St.  Dominic.'  It  is  to  this  '  gentil  troubadour' 
then,  that  the  world  was  indebted  for  the  first  idea  of  the  Inquiaitiou  He  took 


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1 835.]  Early  French  and  Norman  Poetry.  5  75 

the  monastic  tow  at  Citeaux  in  1200,  but  re-appeared  in  the  world  as  a  persecutor ; 
hia  exclamation  at  the  sacking  of  lteziers  is  well  known,  4  Kill  all !  God  will  know 
his  own  !•» 


The  following  song,  a  translation  of  one  by  the  troubadour  '  Elias  Cairel/  is 
elegant : — 

She*a  fairer  than  my  dreams  could  frame,  For  should  she  all  my  weakness  know, 

A  vision  of  all  charms  combined,  Perchance  her  eyes,  now  calm  and  sweet, 

And  love  can  teach  no  word,  no  name,  With  anger  or  disdain  might  glow, 

To  tell  the  sweetness  of  her  mind.  Or  dread  my  ardent  glance  to  meet. 

Bleat  were  my  eyes  that  look'd  so  long,  perchanc<5  no  more  her  gentle  words 

And  fonnd  existence  m  heir  gore,  Would  charm  and  goothe  me  as  of  yore, 

Blest  was  my  harp  that  waked  the  song,  ^  precious  hour8  she  now  accords 

Which  proudly  sought  to  hymn  herpraise.  ^4  be  my         lot  no  more. 

Yet,  all  perfection  as  she  is,  °  Jet  me  then,  jn  «ience  stiU 

I  dare  not  make  my  secret  known,  „  lament  and  hope,  and  gaze,  and  sigh, 

Lest,  while  I  would  increase  my  bliss,  Even  though  my  silent  sorrow  kill, 
I  lose  the  little  still  my  own.  To  1086  uerwere  at  once  to  die.— (p.  27.) 

We  give  a  song  upon  a  very  different  subject,  translated  from  the  Provencal, 
of '  the  Monk  of  Montaudon.' 

*•  His  real  name  is  not  known,  but  it  has  been  ascertained  that  he  belonged  to  a 
noble  family  of  Auvergne,  and  was  born  in  the  Chateau  de  Vic.  He  was  prior  of  the 
monastery  of  Montaudon,  and,  at  first,  confined  himself  to  the  duties  of  his  situation, 
which  he  fulfilled  ;  but  his  love  of  poetry  and  pleasure  at  length  induced  him  to  leave 
the  walla  of  his  convent,  and  travel  to  courts  and  castles,  where  he  was  always  well 
received.  All  the  gifts  presented  to  him  he  brought  back  to  the  priory  at  Montaudon. 
L'  Abbe*  cVOrlac,  his  superior,  well  content  provided  the  affairs  of  the  convent  went  on 
well,  permitted  him  to  go  to  the  court  of  the  King  of  Arragon,  on  condition  of  his  sub- 
mitting to  whatever  the  prince  should  enjoin,  the  condition  to  be  proposed  by  himself. 
This  king  (Alphonso  the  Second)  ordered  him  to  abandon  his  convent,  live  in  the 
world,  compose  and  sing  verses,  4  manger  gras  et  etre  galant  aupres  des  dames.'  The 
very  obedient,  4  et  il  si  fes.*  " — (p.  .33.) 


Not  much  piety  could  be  expected  from  the  author  of  the  following  song ; 
yet  *'  the  Abbe*  d'Orlac  finally  gave  him  the  priory  of  Villefranche,  which  be 
governed  wisely,  and  greatly  benefited." 

I  love  the  court,  by  wit  and  worth  adorn'd, 
A  man  whose  errors  are  abjured  and  mourn'd, 
My  gentle  mistress  by  a  streamlet  clear, 
Pleasure,  a  handsome  present,  and  good  cheer. 
1  love  fat  salmon,  richly  dress' d,  at  noon  ; 
1  love  a  faithful  friend  both  late  and  soon. 

I  hate  small  gifts,  a  man  that's  poor  and  proud, 
The  young  who  talk  incessantly  and  loud  ; 
1  hate  in  low-bred  company  to  be ; 
I  hate  a  knight  that  has  not  courtesy. 
I  hate  a  lord  with  arms  to  war  unknown  ; 
I  hate  a  priest  or  monk  with  beard  o'ergrown ; 
A  doting  husband,  or  a  tradesman's  son 
Who  apes  a  noble  and  would  pass  for  one. 
I  hate  much  water  and  too  little  wine, 
A  prosperous  villain,  and  a  false  divine  ; 
A  niggard  lout  who  sets  the  dice  aside, 
A  flirting  girl  all  frippery  and  pride, 
A  cloth  too  narrow,  and  a  board  too  wide ; 
He  who  exalts  his  handmaid  to  his  wife, 
And  she  who  makes  her  groom  her  lord  for  life  ; 
'Die  man  who  kills  his  horse  with  wanton  speed, 
And  he  who  fails  his  friend  in  time  of  need.— (p.  34.) 

We  must  now  leave  our  subject.  We  are  tempted  to  give  one  more  extract, 
the  elegy  on  the  death  of  Richard  Coour-de- Lion,  by  hia  friend  the  troubadour 
'  Gaucelin  Faidit,'  of  Avignon  : — 


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576  The  Syracusan  Gossips.—"  Virgilwm  vidi  tantumr  |Dec 


And  must  thy  chords,  my  lute,  he  strung 

To  lays  of  woe  so  dark  as  this  ? 
And  must  the  fatal  truth  be  sung, 

The  final  knell  of  hope  and  bliss  ? 
Which  to  the  end  of  life  shall  cast 

A  gloom  that  will  not  cease, 
Whose  clouds  of  woe  that  gather  fast 

Each  accent  shall  increase.  [art, 
Valour  and  fame  are  fled,  since  dead  thou 
England's  King  Richard  of  the  Lion  Heart  I 

Yes  !— dead !  whole  ages  may  decay 

Ere  one  so  true  and  brave 
Shall  yield  the  world  so  bright  a  ray 

As  sunk  into  thy  grave ! 
Noble  and  valiant,  fierce  and  bold, 

Gentle  and  soft  and  kind, 
Greedy  of  honour,  free  of  gold, 

Of  thought,  of  grace  refined  : 
Not  he  by  whom  Darius  fell, 

Arthur  or  Charlemagne, 
With  deeds  of  more  renown  can  swell 

The  niinstrers  proudest  strain  ; 
For  he  of  all  that  with  him  strove 

The  conqueror  became, 
Or  by  the  mercy  of  his  love, 

Or  terror  of  his  name  I 

I  marvel  that  amidst  the  throng 
Where  vice  has  sway  so  wide, 

To  any  goodness  may  belong, 
Or  wisdom  may  abide. 

Since  wisdom,  goodness,  truth  must  fall, 

And  the  same  ruin  threatens  all ! 

I  marvel  why  we  idly  strive 

And  vex  our  lives  with  care, 
Since  even  the  hours  we  seem  to  live 

But  death's  hard  doom  prepare. 
Do  we  not  see  that  day  by  day 

The  best  and  bravest  go  ? 
They  vanish  from  the  earth  away, 

And  leave  regret  and  woe.  [save, 
Why  then,  since  virtue,  honour,  cannot 
Dread  we  ourselves  a  sudden,  early  grave? 


Oh!  noble  king!— oh  1  knight  renown'd ! 

Where  now  is  battle's  pride, 
Since  in  the  lists  no  longer  found, 

With  conquest  at  thy  side, 
Upon  thy  crest,  and  on  thy  sword, 

Thou  show'dst  where  glory  lay  ; 
And  seal'd,  even  with  thy  slightest  word, 

The  fate  of  many  a  day. 

Where  now  the  open  heart  and  hand 

All  service  that  o'erpaid, 
The  gifts  that  of  a  barren  land 

A  smiling  garden  made  1 
And  those  whom  love  and  honest  seal 

Had  to  thy  fate  allied, 
Who  look'd  to  thee  in  woe  and  weal,  . 

Nor  heeded  ought  beside  ; 
The  honours  thou  couldst  well  allow 

What  hand  shall  now  supply  ? 
What  is  their  occupation  now? 

To  weep  thy  loss — and  die! 

The  haughty  Pagan  now  shall  raise 

The  standard  high  in  air, 
Who  lately  saw  thy  glory's  blaze, 

And  fled  in  wild  despair. 
The  holy  tomb  shall  linger  long 

Within  the  Moslem's  power, 
Since  God  hath  willed  the  brave  and  strong 

Should  wither  in  an  hour. 
Oh  1  for  thy  arm  on  Syria's  plain 
To  drive  them  to  their  tents  again  ! 

Mas  heaven  a  leader  still  in  store 

That  may  repay  thy  loss  ? 
Those  fearful  realms  who  dares  explore, 

And  combat  for  the  Cross  ? 
Let  him— let  all — remember  well 

Thy  glory  and  thy  name, 
Remember  how  young  Henry  fell, 

And  Geoffrey,  old  in  fame. 

Oh!  he  who  in  thy  pathway  treads, 

Must  toil  and  pain  endure: 
His  head  must  plan  the  boldest  deeds, 

His  arm  must  make  them  sure.— (p.  21 .) 


THE  8YRAC1 

Mr.  Urban, 

IN  the  1 5th  Idyl  of  Theocritus, 
that  admirable  display  of  female  gar- 
rulity, which  shows  human  nature  to 
have  been  the  same  upwards  of  2,000 
years  ago  as  it  is  now,  and  that  the 
"pretty  prattlers"  selected  generally 
the  same  topics  for  conversation,  and 
were  as  fond  of  seeing  sights  as  at 
present,  there  appears  to  me  an  error ; 
which,  however,  I  cannot  pfetend  to 
correct : 

Xryc  rbv  rtbv  SvSpa,  <j)ika,  Advava 
TOiavra. — line  1 1 . 

As  the  line  now  stands,  the  name  of 
the  husband  is  nihil  ad  rem.  Except 
for  the  metre,  it  might  have  been 
Harmodius  or  Aristogeiton.    The  turn 

2 


AN  GOSSIP8. 

of  the  conversation  evidently  requires 
(mind,  1  do  not  say  it  is  so  in  the 
Greek),  "  Do  not  mention  your  hus- 
band, dear;  speak  of  Mr.  Somebody." 
If  a  verb  could  be  found,  or  formed, 
into  which  bttya  would  enter  as  part 
of  the  composition,  that  notion  would 
be  retained,  and  the  mistake  of  oWava 
accounted  for. 

In  the  'Minor  Correspondence'  (I 
think,  in  an  early  part  of  the  present 
year),  it  was  asked,  "  Whence  the 
common  quotation,  'Vtrgilium  vidi 
tantura,'  is  taken  r  "  As  I  hare  not 
seen  the  question  answered  in  your 
Magazine,  I  beg  to  inform  your  Cor- 
respondent, that  it  is  to  be  found  in 
Ovid.  Trist.  iv.  x.  51. 

1  am,  &c.    T.  E. 

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Lift  of  Lord  Guildford    and  «  Guy  Mannerwg."  577 


Mr.  Urban,  Nov,  10. 

LET  it  not  be  imagined  that  I  am  going  to  accuse  Sir  Walter  Scott  of 
plagiarism.  No  one  respects  him  more  than  myself ;  and  no  one  has  derived 
more  amusement  from  his  writings.  Far  be  it  from  me  to  attempt  to  sully 
his  well* merited  fame.  We  know  that  his  reading  was  multifarious  and 
unbounded  ;  and  he  so  identified  himself  with  the  characters  which  he  drew, 
as  to  supply  from  the  stores  of  his  memory  (most  probably  unconsciously) 
incidents  in  the  life  of  another,  suitable  to  the  personage  whom  he  was 
describing.  A  singular  instance  of  this  I  will  now  submit  to  you.  Sir 
Walter's  edition  of  Dryden  shows  that  he  was  thoroughly  acquainted  with — 

The  Life  of  the  Lord  Keeper  Guilford. 

**  He  acquired  a  very  small  but  legible 
hand  ;  for  where  contracting  ia  the  main 
business,  it  is  not  well  to  write,  as  the 
fashion  now  is,  uncial  or  semi-uncial  tet- 
ters, to  look  like  pigs'  ribs." — I  p.  20. 
8«.  18S6*. 


Guy  Mannering . 

"  Pleydell  put  on  his  spectacles.  '  A 
vile  greasy  scrawl,  indeed — and  the  let- 
ters are  uncial,  or  semi-uncial,  as  some- 
body calls  your  large  text  hand,  aad  in 
size  and  perpendicularity  resemble  the  ribs 
of  a  roasted  pig.*  "—Chap.  xlix. 


44  A  lady  in  Norfolk  told  me  he  made 
up  some  agreements  for  her  ;  and,  at  the 
sealing,  a  bond  was  wanted,  and  there 
was  no  attorney,  or  clerk  at  hand  to  draw 
it ;  so  they  were  at  a  stand  ;  and  then 
he  took  the  pen,  and  said,  *  I  think  it 
will  not  foul  my  lingers,  if  t  do  it  myself ;' 
and  thereupon  he  made  the  bond,  and  it 


"  But  where  shall  we  find  one  to  draw 
the  bail-bond  ?" 

"  Here,"  said  the  Counsellor,  applying 
himself  to  the  bell ;  14  Send  up  my  clerk, 
Mr.  Driver ;  it  will  not  do  my  character 
harm  if  I  dictate  the  needful  myself."— 
Chap.  lii. 


was  sealed." — I.  p.  143. 

The  very  expression  "  as  somebody  calls,"  &c.  shows  the  corresponding 
passage  to  have  then  been  6oating  in  Sir  Walter's  memory,  while,  at  the  same 
time,  he  disdains  originality  in  the  comparison.    I  am.  Sir,  yours,  &c.     S.  L. 


THE  CEDAR  TREE. 


it  n'ai  pas  entendu  dans  les  eidrcs  antiques, 
Les  oris  des  Nations  monter  et  retentir, 
Ni  vo  dn  hant  Li  ban  lea  ai?les  prophet  imies, 
S'  abbatre  au  doigt  de  Dicu,  sur  le*  palais  dc 
Tyr.  A.  dk  La  Marti  nr. 

THE  Seventh  Number  of  Loudon's 
Arb.  return  is  interesting,  from  the  bio- 
graphic. (>.  three  botanists  and  travel- 
lers being  given  in  it ;  viz.  Messrs. 
Fraser,  Lyon,  and  Douglas.  Mr.  Lou- 
don has  also  given  an  enumeration  of 
the  species  of  foreign  trees  and  shrubs 
introduced  into  England  from  1548  to 
1821,  which  amount  to  near  1400; 
but  we  must  refer  to  his  work  for  the 
details. 

It  being  our  intention  to  say  a  few 
words  on  Cedar  Trees  (for  Mr.  Loudon's 
work  is  so  accurate  as  almost  to  defy 
criticism,  and  so  copious  as  to  admit 
few  supplemental  observations),  we 
cannot  commence  in  a  manner  more  ac- 
ceptble  to  our  readers,  than  by  extract- 
ing from  M.  de  la  Martinc's  delight- 
ful Travels,  his  observations  on  those 
on  Lebanon,  as  seen  by  him  in  1832. 

"  We  alighted  and  sat  down  under  a 

Grnt.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


rock  to  contemplate  them.  These  trees 
are  the  most  renowned  natural  monu- 
ments in  the  universe.  Religion,  poetry, 
and  history,  have  all  equally  consecrated 
them.  Holy  Writ  celebrates  them  in 
many  places.  They  form  one  of  the 
images  which  the  prophets  loved  to  em- 
ploy. Solomon  was  desirous  to  conse- 
crate them  to  the  adornment  of  the  Temple 
which  he  first  erected  to  the  one  God  : 
doubtless  on  account  of  the  renown  which 
these  prodigies  of  vegetation  had,  even  at 
that  period,  obtained  for  magnificence 
and  sanctity.  They  must  have  been  the 
same,  for  Ezckiel  speaks  of  the  cedars  of 
Kilen  as  the  most  beautiful  upon  Lebanon. 
The  Arabs  of  all  sects  entertain  a  tradi- 
tional veneration  for  these  trees.  They 
attribute  to  them  not  only  a  vegetative 
power  which  enables  them  to  live  eter- 
nally, but  also  an  intelligence  which  causes 
them  to  manifest  signs  of  wisdom  and 
foresight,  similar  to  those  of  instinct  in 
animals  and  reason  in  man.  They  are 
said  to  understand  the  changes  of  sea- 
sons ;  they  stir  their  vast  branches  as  if 
they  were  limbs  ;  they  spread  out  or  con- 
tract their  boughi,  inclining  them  toward 

4  E 


Digitized  by  Gooole 


578                               The  Cedar  Tree.  [tee 

houren,*  or  toward*  earth,  according  as  The  Patriarch  of  the  Maronites  (says 
the  snow  prepares  to  full  or  to  melt,  he)  duly  persuaded  of  the  rarity  of  thc-s^ 
They  arc,  in  short,  averted  to  he  divine  trees,  and  wishiug  to  show  his  re*pect  foe 
beings  under  the  form  of  trees.  They  a  forest  celebrated  in  Scripture,  has  pro- 
grow  upon  the  proudest  site  of  the  groups  nounced  canonical  pains  and  excommunv 
of  Lebanon,  and  prosper  above  that  point  cation  against  any  Christian  who  shall  col 
where  all  other  vegetation  expires.  All  them.  .Scarcely  will  he  permit  a  little  to 
this  strikes  with  astonishment  the  imagi-  be  sometimes  taken  for  crucifixes  and 
nations  of  the  people  of  the  East :  and  I  little  tabernacles  in  the  chapels  of  our 
do  not  know  if  men  of  science  would  not  Missionaries.  On  the  day  of  tran«fieTiri- 
be  astonished  also.  Alas  !  notwithstand-  ration,  the  Maronites  celebrate  their  fettl- 
ing all,  Basan  languishes,  Carmcl  and  the  val  under  them  with  great  solemnity,  (he 
riower  of  Lebanou  wither.  These  trees  patriarch  officiates  and  says  mass  |*>nttn- 
diminish  in  every  succeeding  age.  Tra-  cally,  and  they  particularly  honour  the 
vellers  formerly  counted  30  or  40,  more  Virgin  Mary,  because  she  is  compared  to 
recently  17,  more  recently  still— only  12.  the  cedars  of  Lebanon  and  Lebanon  itself. 
There  are  now  but  7.  These,  however,  and  as  a  metaphor  for  the  mother  of  Christ 
from  their  size  and  general  appearance,  The  Maronites  say,  that  the  snows  have 
may  be  fairly  presumed  to  have  existed  in  no  sooner  began  to  fall,  than  these  cedars- 
biblical  times.  Around  these  ancient  wit-  whose  boughs  are  all  so  equal  in  height 
-1  of  ages  long  since  past,  which  know  that  they  appear  to  have  been  shorn— 


the  history  of  the  world  better  than  his-  never  fail  to  change  their  figure.  T?>e 

tory  itself ;  which  might  tell  us,  if  they  branches,  which  before  spread  themselves, 

could  speak,  so  much  of  the  creeds  of  hu-  rise  insensibly,  gathering  together,  it  may 

man  races  long  since  vanished,— there  be  said,  and  turn  their  points  upwards 

still  remains  a  little  grove  of  yellower  towards  heaven,  forming  altogether  a  py- 

cednrs,  appearing  to  me  to  form  a  group  raraid.    It  is  nature,  they  say,  that  in. 

of  from  4  to  500  trees  or  shrubs.    Every  spires  this  movement,  and  makes  them 

year  in  the  month  of  June,  the  inha-  assume  a  new  shape,  without  which  these 

bitants  of  Deschierai,  of  Eden,  of  Kano-  trees  could  never  sustain  the  immense 

bin,  and  the  other  neighbouring  valleys  weight  of  snow,  remaining  for  so  long  a 

and  villages,  climb  up  to  these  cedars,  time." 
and  celebrate  mass  at  their  feet.  How 

many  prayers  have  there  not  resounded       It  is  not  easy  to  ascertain  with  cor- 

under  these  branches !  and  what  more  rectness  the  girth  of  the  largest  cedar 

beautiful  temple  can  exist— what  nearer  trees  now  in  Lebanon ; — but  one  we 

to  heaven  !  What  canopy  can  we  imagine  believe  has  been  given  at  near  40  feet, 

grander,  more  majestic,  or  more  holy,  This  is  very  gigantic,  and  far  exceed- 

than  is  afforded  by  the  topmost  platform  ing  the  size  of         wc  JW6ses^ 

of  Lebanon,  on  which  stand  the  trunks  of  England.  Mr.  Mitchell,  in  his  Dendro- 

these  cedars,  surmounted  by  the  dome  of  i,.„;„  .  tt  «,  ,  ,, 

their  sacred  boughs,  which  have  over-  us      Mr .  Maundrell  says, 

shadowed,  and  still  overshadow  succeed-  ?ne  of  l\e  ,fdaf 8  5*  Lebanon  was  36 
ing  generations  of  men,  calling  on  the         and  half  an  inch  in  circumference." 

name  of  God  differently,  but  all  acknow-  TQe  Quart.  Rev.  1817,  p.  34,  says, 

ledging  him,  and  adoriug  him  in  his  natu-  "  Cedars  on  Lebanon  are  27  feet  in 

ral  manifestations  !    And  I  also  uplift  my  circumference."    If  this  be  the  same  as 

prayer  in  presence  of  these  cedars.    The  Maundrel  measured,  he  was  fond  of  the 

harmonious  wind  which  resounds  through  marvellous,  and  so  took  all  the  ineqnaii. 

their  sonorous  branches,  plays  amidst  my  ties  of  root  at  the  surface  :  whilst  the 

hair  and  dries  up  my  eyelids ;  tears  of  other  took  an  honest   ifth  at  3 

grief  and  adoration."  fcet  hjgh    Mf  More(froft  mrr^  ^ 

M.  de  la  Roque,  in  his  "  Voyage  de  Ganges,  and  saw  on  the  Himalaya 

Syrie  et  Mont  Liban,"  1722,  says,  cedars  of  22  feet  in  girth,  at  6  feet 

there  were  twenty  large  cedars,  the  high  (this  is  the  Deodara). 
largest  seven  yards  in  circumference,       The  largest  in  England  are  those  at 

wanting  two  inches,  and  the  whole  Wilton.     Mr.  Witt,  the  gardener  to 

extent  of  its  branches  formed  a  circura-  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  has  favoured  us 

ference  of  120  feet.  with  their  dimensions. 

♦  It  was  a  Cedar-tree 
That  woke  him  from  the  deadly  drowsiness  ; 
Its  broad  round. spreading  brandies  when  they  felt 
The  snow,  rose  upward  in  a  point  to  heaven, 

And  standing  in  tliejr  htmistli  erect, 
Defied  the  baffled  *toi in. ~ .South cy'.s  Tiialvha. 


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IS36.] 


The  Cedar  Tree. 


ft.  in. 

No.  1 . — ]  foot  from  the  surface  20  4 

No.  2. — Ditto      .              .20  10 

No.  3. — Ditto      .       .       .    20  11 

No.  4. —  Ditto       .              .    20  0 

No.  5. — Ditto      .       .       .    17  0 

No.  0.— Ditto      .       .       .    16  l 

Mr.  Witt  says,  that  he  believes  they 
have  been  planted  about  170  years, 
which  would  be  about  a.  d.  1665 ;  if 
so,  they  would  be  among  the  earliest 
planted  in  England. 

There  is  a  very  large  tree  of  this 
kind  in  the  Home  Wood,  at  LordCal- 
thorpe's  seat  at  Ampton,  Suffolk.  Mr. 
Wright,  the  very  intelligent  gardener, 
has  sent  us  its  measurement,  which  is 
15  feet  at  3  feet  from  the  ground  ;  the 
branches  cover  a  circle  the  diameter 
of  which  is  00  feet.  Its  age  is  not 
known,  but  it  produced  seeds  67  years 
since. 

A  very  fine  group  of  cedar  trees  is 
to  be  seen  in  the  garden  of  the  late 
Mr.  Shepherd,ofCampseyAsh,  in  Suf- 
folk. The  girth  of  the  four  largest  is 
as  follows  : — 

ft.  in. 

No.  1. — Near  the  ground  .  14  2 
No.  2.— Ditto  .  .  .  17  10 
No.  3.— Ditto  .  .  .  16  7 
No.  4.— Ditto      .       .       .    18  4 

Perhaps  this  group  of  eight  or  ten 
trees,  of  so  large  a  size,  and  all  in  full 
health  and  beauty,  is  not  to  be  sur- 


Thcre  is  a  cedar  tree  in  the  pleasure 
grounds  at  Stamford  Court,  planted 
only  80  years  since,  of  the  following 
dimensions : — 

ft.  In. 

Girth  .  .  .  .  16  7 
Diameter  of  branches  .  109  6 
Height  .       .       .       .    63  0 

The  large  cedar  tree  at  Hammersmith, 
nearly  opposite  the  church,  is  well 
known.  We  measured  it  last  summer 
and  found  it  to  be  15  feet  4  inches  in 
circumference  in  the  largest  part  of  the 
bole.  Lysons  measured  this  tree  in 
1795  ;  and  then,  at  three  feet  from  the 
ground,  it  measured  10  feet  7  inches. 
So  that  if  he  measured  it  at  its  largest 
part,  its  growth  since  has  been  very 

The  Enfield  cedar  may  be  seen  de- 
scribed in  the  G  cntleman's  Magazine, 
July.  1821.  The  largest  measurement 
I*  19  feet  9  inches.  It  is  supposed  to 
nave  been  planted  by  Dr.  Uvedale 


about  1605,  the  same  year  as  the  Wil- 
ton cedars.  In  the  six  years  between 
1815  and  1821,  it  increased  in  girth  5 
inches,  at  3  feet  from  the  ground. 

There  is  a  cedar  tree  at  Mr.  Osgood 
Hanbury's,  near  Coggeshail,  in  Essex, 
which  is  of  interest,  as  it  was  planted 
by  Mr.  Collinson's  own  hand  67  years 
since,  in  1768.  We  transcribe  the 
memorandum  on  the  subject,  very 
kindly  sent  us  bv  Mr.  Hanburv. 

"  In  token  of  the  love  and  perpetual 
friendship  which  has  for  so  many  years 
subsisted  between  myself  and  my  dear 
friend  John  li  an  bury  and  his  family,  and 
as  a  lasting  memorial  of  that  friendship,  I 
desire  that  one  guinea  may  be  given  to  my 
sincere  friend  Osgood  Hanbury,  to  pur- 
chase of  Gordon  two  cedar*  of  Lebanon, 
to  be  planted  in  two  places  of  the  new 
part  of  the  park  lust  taken  in.  Let  the 
occasion  of  the  said  cedars  and  of  their  ages 
be  registered  in  the  great  Bible  at  Cogges- 
hail, that  succeeding  generations  may 
know  our  friendship  and  the  antiquity  of 
the  trees.  To  my  worthy  friend  Osgood 
Hanbury  and  his  son,  I  recommend  their 
care  and  protection. — P.  Collinson." 

The  great  cedar  at  Faulkhourn  Hall, 
near  Withara,  the  seat  of  Col.  Bul- 
lock, at  6  inches  from  the  ground,  is 
18  feet  9  inches,  and  at  10  feet  from 
the  ground,  14  feet  6  inches.  It  is  a 
beautiful  and  stately  tree. 

The  largest  cedar  at  Chelsea  Botanic 
Garden  is  (1835)  14  feet  and  a  quarter 
in  circumference,  at  5  feet  fiom  the 
ground.  Miller  says  it  was  planted  in 
1683,  being  then  3  feet  high.  In  the 
year  1774,  the  two  were  more  than  12 
feet  and  a  half  in  girth  at  two  feet  high. 
Sir  J.  Cullum  says  the  largest  was  18 
feet  and  a  half  close  to  the  ground,  mea- 
sured in  1779. 

At  Hanwell,  in  Middlesex,  is  one 
whose  stem  is  15  feet  1 1  inches  and  a 
half  in  circumference. 

AtChiswick  (Duke  of  Devonshire's), 
the  largest,  in  1818,  was  13  feet  and  a 
half  round,  70  feet  high,  head  65  fee  t 
diameter. 

At  Black  Park,  near  Slough,  is  one 
whose  top  is  60  feet  by  60 ;  stem  12 
feet  round.  At  Barne,  near  Beacon - 
field,  are  many  that  were  planted  by 
Waller  the  poet,  that  arc  now  80  feet 
high,  and  8  feet  in  circumference.  At 
Audley  House,  near  Saffron  Waldon, 
also  at  Thorndon,  near  Brentwood, 
there  are  some  first-rate  trees  ;  and  at 


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TU  Ctuur  free. 


Sir  George  Armitage's,  of  Kirklccs,  are 
three,  close  by  the  Hall. 

The  ccilar  at  llendon.  blown  down 
1779,  was  70  feet  high  ;  circumference 
16  feet  at  seven  feet  above  the  ground, 
npposed  to  be  200  years  old,  quite 
sound.  N.B.  The  age  must  be  mis- 
taken :  we  do  not  know  of  any  cedars 
planted  as  early  as  1 557  ;  and  it  would 
have  attained  a  larger  size. 

The  Hillingdon  cedar  girts  close  to 
the  ground  13  feet  and  a  half;  its 
height  53  feet;  extent  of  branches  96* 
ftet  (Hunter's  ed.  of  Evelyn's  Sylva) ; 
age  supposed  116  years. 

"  We  do  not  cioctly  know,"  says 
Dr.  Hunter,  "  when  the  cedar  was  first 
introduced  into  England.  Turner, 
one  of  our  earliest  herbalists,  when  he 
treats  of  the  *  pyne  tree,  and  others  of 
that  kynde, '  says  something  of  it. 
Gerarde,  published  by  Johnson,  1636, 
mentions  it  not  as  growing  here. 
Parkinson,  in  his  'Theatrum  Botani- 
cum,'  1640,  speaking  of  the  Cedras 
Mnena  Conifera  Lebani,  says — '  The 
branches,  some  say,  all  grow  upright, 
but  others,  straight  out.*  It  is  very 
certain  from  what  Mr.  Evelyn  says,  in 
the  beginning  of  this  chapter,  that  the 
cedar  of  Lebanon  was  not  in  1(564 
cultivated  in  England  ;  but  from  the 
warm  manner  that  he  expresses  him- 
self on  this  head,  it  is  probable  that 
it  soon  after  became  an  object  of  the 
planter's  attention."  —  N.  B.  In 
Donne's  Catalogue  it  is  mentioned  as 
introduced  1638. 

Sir  John  Cullum  wrote  a  paper  on 
Cedar  Trees  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, March  1/79,  where  he  gives  an 
account  of  the  Hcndon,  Hillingdon, 
Enfield,  and  Chelsea  cedars.  He  con- 
siders Evelyn  to  have  introduced  the 
tree  into  England.  Sir  II.  Sloane 
(see  Ray's  Letters  1681-5)  mentions 
the  Chelsea  cedar  as  '  propagating 
itself  by  layers  this  spring;'  and  he 
wonders  to  see  it  thriving  so  well 
without  pot  or  green-house.  These 
two  trees,  long  the  admiration  of  all 
who  saw  their  dark  shields  of  foliage 
from  the  river,  are  now  in  rapid  de- 
cay ;  whether  from  a  pond  being  dried 
up  that  was  near  them,  or  from  an 
unfavourable  soil,  or  from  the  fuligi- 
nous vapours  of  the  metropolis,  is  not 


known  :  their  heads  are  diminishing 
in  size,  many  boughs  leafless,  and 
their  trunks  in  some  places  want- 
ing bark.  The  group  of  cedars  at  the 
bottom  of  Richmond  Hill  (late  Lord 
Iluntingtower's),  should  not  be  over- 
looked ;  they  arc  mentioned  in  Mr. 
Jesse's  third  volume  of  '  Gleaning*.' 
There  are  a  great  number  at  Payne's 
Hill  about  a  century  old,  and  very 
handsome.  It  still  remains  to  be  seen 
whether  this  tree  will  arrive  at  a  very 
large  size  and  attain  a  great  age  in 
this  climate.  If  the  Wiltou  flourish 
for  another  centurv,  they  will  be  nohle 
monuments  of  the  vegetable  world. 
The  cause  of  the  Tapid  decay  or  rather 
disappearance  of  those  on  Lebanon  of 
late  years  is  not  easy  to  find,  as  they 
are  considered  sacred  by  the  inhabit- 
ants, and  are  too  remote  to  be  wan- 
tonly injured.  It  is  to  be  observed 
that  their  cones  are  different  in  shape 
and  colour  from  ours.  The  cedar  does 
not  appear  to  be  fastidious  as  to  its 
soil.  It  may  be  seen  flourishing  in 
eand,  gravel,  and  stiff  wet  clay.  The 
examples  of  its  most  rapid  growth  in 
England  are  supposed  to  be  found  in 
those  trees  planted  by  the  Duke  of 
Argyle  at  Whitton  near  Hounslow, 
and 'those  at  "Warwick  Castle,  whose 
increase  in  a  stated  time  is  mentioned 
by  Gilpin  in  his  visit  to  that  place. 
It  is  said  also  that  some  at  Lord  Car- 
narvon's at  High  Clerc,  have  growa 
with  extraordinary  rapidity.  We  be- 
lieve that  there  arc  between  seven  and 
eight  hundred  of  these  trees  in  the 
grounds  at  Claremont. 

We  question  if  our  painters  are*  cor- 
rect in  introducing  this  tree  into  the 
hanging  gardens  at  Babylon,  and  their 
Asiatic  landscapes.  It  never  appears 
to  have  left  its  lofty  nest  upon  the 
eternal  snow  of  Lebanon.  *  Behold,' 
says  Ezekiel,  *  the  Assyrian  was  a 
cedar  in  Lebanon,  with  fair  branches, 
and  of  a  high  stature,  and  his  top 
was  among  the  thick  boughs.  His 
boughs  were  multiplied,  and  his 
branches  hecame  long.  The  fir-trees 
were  not  like  his  boughs,  nor  the 
chesnut  trees  like  his  branches.  Nor 
any  tree  in  the  garden  of  God  like 
unto  him  for  beaut  v.' 

J.  M. 


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1835.] 


581 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS,  No.  XI. 


Sin  George  Etherege. 
IT  is  certainly  remarkable  that  so 
little  should  be  known  concerning  the 
birth  and  education  of  Sir  George 
Ktherege,  or  of  those  who  becama  and 
continue  the  personal  representatives 
of  a  person  of  some  eminence,  literary 
and  social,  who  lived  so  near  our  own 
time. 

To  the  point  of  his  descent  I  have 
nothing  to  offer  for  the  information  of 
your  correspondent  (p.  450)  ;  but  in 
respect  of  the  persons  who  were  his 
immediate  representatives,  I  contri- 
bute the  following  intelligence  to  assist 
your  Correspondent  in  his  researches, 
hoping  that  he  is  one  who  is  seriously 
in  earnest  in  prosecuting  the  inquiry 
which  he  thus  brings  before  the  public, 
and  that  he  will  in  return  communi- 
cate the  result,  if  possessing  any  pub- 
lie  interest,  through  the  same  channel 
by  which  he  sends  forth  his  inquiry, 
or  privately  to  one  who  desires  infor- 
mation on  the  same  point,  if  what  he 
has  collected  should  appear  to  be  de- 
ficient of  public  interest. 

The  writer  of  a  note  in  the  last  edi- 
tion of  the  Biographia  Britannica  (no 
doubt  Oldys,  who  was  one  of  the  first 
inquirers  in  literary  history,  who  re- 
sorted to  that  great  depository  of  un- 
known biographical  information,  the 
deposit  of  wills),  refers  to  two  wills 
of  members  of  the  family,  at  the  Pre- 
rogative office,  viz.  of  William  Ether- 
ege,  1G49,  in  the  volume  entitled  Fair- 
fax, and  of  another  William  Etheridge 
of  Middlesex,  1690,  in  the  volume 
entitled  Dyke.  To  these  wills  it  is 
obvious  that  your  Correspondent  would 
do  well  to  resort.  But  the  writer  of 
the  note  further  says,  that  he  had 
received  from  good  authority,  that 
Sir  George  had  a  brother  who  lived 
and  died  in  Westminster.  He  gives 
some  few  particulars  concerning  him, 
and  says  that  he  had  been  twice  mar- 
ried, and  that  by  his  first  wife  lie  had 
a  son,  whose  Christian  name  is  not 
given,  but  who  was  in  the  army,  and 
was  a  Colonel  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
The  account  which  is  given  of  him  is 
this :  "  He  was  a  little  man,  of  a 
brave  spirit,  who  inherited  the  ho- 
nourable principles  of  h"i9  father.  He 
a  Colonel  in  King  William's  wars, 


was  near  him  in  one  of  the  ranst 
dangerous  battles  in  Flanders,  I  think 
it  was  the  battle  of  Lnnden  in  16(  3, 
when  his  Majesty  was  wounded,  and 
the  Colonel  both  lost  his  right  eye  and 
received  such  a  contusion  on  his  side 
as  he  complained  of  to  hiB  death.  He 
was  offered  in  Queen  Anne's  reign 
twenty- two  hundred  pounds  for  his 
commission,  but  he  refused  to  live  at 
home  at  peace  when  his  country  was 
at  war.  This  Colonel  Ktherege  died 
at  Eling,  in  Middlesex,  about  the  third 
or  fourth  year  of  King  George  the 
First,  when  his  dear  friend,  the  Lord 
Rivers,  had  his  body  opened,  and 
there  was  found  a  gathering  where 
he  had  received  his  bruise,  which 
looked  like  a  sodden  turnip,  and  proba- 
bly hastened  his  end.  He  was  buried 
in  Kensington  church,  near  the  altar, 
and  there  is  a  tombstone  over  his 
vault,  in  which  were  also  buried  his 
wife,  son,  and  sister.  That  son  was 
graciously  received  at  court  by  Queen 
Anne,  and,  soon  after  his  father  re- 
turned from  the  wars  in  Flanders 
under  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  she 
gave  him  an  Ensign's  commission, 
intending  further  to  promote  him  in 
reward  of  his  father's  service,  but  he 
died  a  youth  ;  and  that  sister  married 
Mr.  Hill  of  Feversham,  in  Kent;  but 
we  hear  not  of  any  such  issue  sur- 
viving." 

The  name  of  the  Colonel  Etherege 
was  George,  unless,  which  is  not  at  all 
probable,  there  was  two  Colonels  of 
the  same  name  at  the  same  time.  For 
in  the  burying-ground  which  sur- 
rounds the  parish  church  of  Sheffield, 
in  Yorkshire,  there  is  on  the  north 
side  a  good  looking  old  gravestone 
having  the  following  inscription  : 

Judith,  daughter  of  Joshua  Sylvester 
of  Mansfield,  wife  to  Ebenezer  Heath- 
cote  of  London,  expired  April  the  18, 

lfif)2. 

Mary,  the  daughter  of  Colonel  George 
Etherege  and  Margaret  his  wife,  expired 
Jan.  the  26,  1718-19,  aged  16  years  and 
8  months. 

Margaret  the  wife  of  this  Colonel 
Etherege,  was  the  sister  of  Judith 
above  mentioned,  and  they  were  both 
sisters  of  a  Mr.  Field  Sylvester,  who 
at  that  time  resided  at  Sheffield.    In  a 


Digitized  by  Google 


582 


Loves  pieiur*  of ike  Dehge. 


[Dec. 


manuscript  written  by  the  grandson  of 
this  Mr.  Field  Sylvester,  the  Rev. 
Field  Sylvester  Wadsworth,  about  the 
year  1750,  I  find  the  following  notice 
of  Colonel  Etherege,  in  an  enumeration 
of  the  children  of  Joshua  Sylvester 
named  in  the  inscription,  with  their 
respective  marriages.  "  Margaret, 
bom  Jan.  6,  1660,  married  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Etherege,  by  whom  she  had 
Richard,  who  died  6  years  old,  and 
Mary.  The  mother  died  Aug.  29, 
1716;  the  daughter  Jan.  26,  1718; 
and  the  Colonel  a  little  survived  his 
return  from  Spain,  being  supposed  to 
have  been  poisoned  there." 

This  in  the  main  agrees  with  Oldys' 
account ;  but  it  adds  several  dates  and 
the  name  of  the  daughter  of  whom 
no  notice  is  taken  by  Oldys.  It  may 
be  added,  that  the  writer  of  this  com- 
munication has  often  heard  from  one 
born  near  enough  to  the  time  to  have 
received  accurate  information,  that 
this  Mary  Etherege  came  to  Sheffield 
on  the  death  of  her  parents,  or  per- 
haps of  her  mother,  to  be  under  the 
care  of  her  uncle,  Mr.  F.  Sylvester; 
and  that  when  she  died  her  property 
was  divided  between  the  family  of  that 
uncle  and  of  Mrs.  Heathcote  her  aunt, 
as  her  nearest  personal  representatives. 

In  Hendon  church,  in  Middlesex, 
are  monumental  inscriptions  for  Rose 
Etherege,  who  died  14  Feb.  1673, 
aged  56,  and  Catherine  Etherege,  19 
May,  1690,  aged  52,  who  are  probably 
of  this  family.  J.  H. 

Mr.  Urban,  Nov.  14. 

Boswell  relates  an  anecdote  illustra- 
tive of  the  good  nature  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
exemplified  by  the  successful  exercise 
of  his  influence  with  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds and  Mr.  Barry,  in  obtaining  a 
revocation  of  the  rejection  from  the 
Exhibition  of  a  large  painting  by  Mr. 
Lowe.  Boswelt,  in  describing  it, 
says,*  the  subject  as  I  recollect  was 
the  Deluge,  at  that  point  of  time  when 
the  water  was  verging  to  the  top  of 
the  last  uncovered  mountain.  Near 
to  the  spot  was  seen  the  last  of  the 
antediluvian  race,  exclusive  of  those 
who  were  Baved  in  the  ark  of  Noah. 
He  was  one  of  the  giants,  then  the 
inhabitants  of  the  earth,  who  had 


*  Murray's  edition,  vol.  viii,  p.  J<)]. 


strength  to  swim,  and  with  one  of  his 
hands  held  aloft  his  child.  Upon  the 
small  remaining  dry  spot  appeared  a 
famished  lion,  ready  to  spring  at  the 
child  and  devour  it." 

As  every  circumstance  connected  with 
Dr.  Johnson  possesses  a  degree  of  in- 
terest, it  may  be  an  acceptable  piece 
of  information  to  the  readers  of  the 
new  edition  of  Boswcll's  work,  to 
learn  that  this  painting  is  now  at  Sut- 
ton place,  near  Guildford,  Surrev,  the 
property  of  John  Webbe  Weston,  esq. 
where  it  occupies  a  conspicuous  place 
at  the  end  of  the  Hall. 

In  Northcote's  Memoirs  of  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds,  some  account  of  the 
painter,  Mauritius  Lowe,  is  given. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  a  natural  son 
of  Lord  Sutherland,  and  much  esteemed 
by  Dr.  Johnson,  who  bequeathed  him 
a  legacy,  and  stood  to  one  of  his  child- 
ren as  godfather.  He  was  sent  tn 
Rome  by  the  patronage  of  the  Royal 
Academy,  in  consequence  of  his  hav- 
ing gained  the  gold  medal  in  1771, 
and  died  at  an  obscure  lodging 
in  Westminster  in  Sept.  1793.  He 
is  characterized  by  Northcote  as 
"too  indolent  and  inattentive  to  his 
studies  to  attain  any  excellence." 

The  picture  was  exhibited  by  itself 
in  an  empty  room  at  Somerset-house, 
in  1783;  and  Northcote  makes  the 
following  remarks  upon  it  :  "  If  the 
conception  of  the  paiuting  had  been 
good,  yet  the  execution  of  it  was  ex- 
ecrable beyond  belief.  The  decision 
therefore  of  the  Council  (that  against 
which  the  painter  appealed  and  John- 
son successfully  interposed),  appears 
to  have  been  just,  as  the  picture  when 
shewn  in  public,  was  universally  con- 
demned." 

How  the  painting  attained  its 
present  station  in  Sutton -place,  I  am 
not  at  all  aware.  It  is  noticed  by 
your  correspondent  A.  J.  K.  in  his 
description  of  this  ancient  aeat  (Gent. 
Mag.  N.  S.  vol.  I .  p.  489.),  with 
scarcely  less  severity  than  the  con- 
demnation it  receives  from  Northcote. 
The  inscription  on  the  frame,  so  ne- 
cessary to  acquaint  the  spectator  with 
the  design  of  the  painter,  is  copied  by 
your  correspondent,  and  to  which  I 
refer  as  affording  a  more  complete 
elucidation  of  the  very  singular  design 
than    Mr.    Bos  well's  recollections. 


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Adversaria. 


However  inferior  the  execution  may 
be  considered,  many  who  may  see 
thiB  picture  will  perhaps  deem  that  the 
judgments  so  unsparingly  passed  upon 
it,  are  somewhat  too  severe. 

On  a  work  of  art  perhaps  the  opinion 
of  Johnson  will  bear  little  weight; 
but  it  is  recorded  that  he  said  to  the 
painter,  "  Sir,  your  picture  is  noble 
and  probable."  "  A  compliment  in- 
deed," said  M.  Lowe,  "  from  a  man 
who  cannot  lie,  and  cannot  be  mis- 
taken."      Yours,  &c.  E.I.Carlos. 


ADVERSARIA. 
THERE  are  some  good  lines,  which 
shine  by  contrast,  in  Hayley's  metri- 
cal Essay  on  Lyric  Poetry.    For  in- 
stance, he  has  described  Butler  well : 

"  His  smiles  exhilarate  the  sullen  earth, 
Adorning  satire  in  the  mask  of  mirth  ; 
Taught  by  his  song,  fanatics  cease  their 
jars, 

And  wise  astrologers  renounce  the  stars. 
Uurivall'd  Butler!  blest  with  happy 
skill 

To  heal  by  comic  verse  each  serious  ill, 
By  wit's  strong  flashes  reason  to  dispense, 
And  laugh  a  frantic  nation  into  sense." 

In  speaking  of  Dryden,  he  says  but 
too  justly, 

"  Malignant  satire,  mercenary  praise, 
Shed  their  dark  spots  on  his  immortal 
bays." 

He  terms  the  Gondiberi  of  Davenant, 
"  A  theme  ill-chosen  in  ill-chosen  verse." 

Every  body  has  heard,  or  read,  Lord 
Brougham's  celebrated  but  insidious 
and  specious  sentence,  that  "  a  man 
is  no  more  accountable  for  the  com- 
plexion of  his  faith  than  for  that  of  his 
skin."  Query,  is  the  idea  original  ? 
Dr.  Bever,  in  his  "  Legal  Polity  of  the 
Uoman  State,"  has  something  very 
jike  it :  "  The  complexion  of  the  soul, 
in  its  original  formation,  is  no  more 
within  a  roan's  own  power,  than  the 
complexion  of  the  countenance."  But 
there  is  a  great  difference  between  the 
two  sentiments ;  for  Dr.  Bever  is  speak- 
ing of  innate  mental  qualities,  Lord 
Brougham  of  a  man's  adopted  creed. 

The  celebrated  Joseph  Wolff,  in  his 
Journal,  1832,  p.  153,  gives  a  speci- 
Hea  of  a  Persian  satirist,  Mirza  Abool 
Kaaem.  When  he  was  in  disgrace, 
and  not  employed  in  the  late  war  with 


Russia,  he  wrote  a  poem,  in  which  he 
said  of  the  Persian  army, 

44  They  faced  cucumbers  like  Rustem  (a 
celebrated  hero), 

And  they  shewed,  like  Gorgeen  (a  noto- 
rious coward),  their  back  to  the 
Muscovites." 

Ibid.  p.  355.  "  In  the  Thibetian 
temple  of  Lassa,  called  Sera,  is  a  large 
iron  nail,  or  pin,  called  Porba,  of 
which  the  people  of  Thibet  relate,  that 
it  was  a  nail  in  one  of  the  tents  of 
Alexander  the  Great.  To  this  they 
perform  every  year  their  devotions  ; 
the  Lama  first  puts  it  on  his  head,  and 
then  the  rest." 

Ibid.  p.  360.  Among  the  people  at 
Lassa,  one  class  are  called  Yoonan,  or 
Yoonanee,  believed  to  be  Greeks  (/oni- 
ons.) "Judging from  the  name  (says 
Mr.  Wolff),  they  must  be  descendants 
of  the  array  of  Alexander  the  Great ; 
but  as  they  have  no  idols,  I  believe 
them  to  be  Jews.  They  are  of  a  white 
colour,  and  are  great  physicians  and 
merchants." 

There  is  a  passage  in  Dry  den's  Ab- 
solom  and  Achitophcl,  that  requires  a 
note : 

In  Israel's  courts  ne'er  sat  an  Abethdin, 
Of  conscience  less  corrupt,  or  hands  more 
clean. 

Wolff  informs  us  (p.  501)  that  the 
High  Priest  of  the  Jews  at  Sanaa, 
near  Mocha,  has  the  title  of  Ab  Beth 
Din,  t.  e.  father  of  the  court  of  law. 

Cowper  says,  in  his  Table-Talk, 

"  The  inestimable  estimate  of  Brown 
Hose  like  a  paper-kite,  and  charmed  the 
town  ; 

But  measures,  plann'd  and  executed  well, 
Shifted  the  wind  that  rais'd  it,  and  it 
fell." 

These  lines,  which  require  explana- 
tion, have  not  been  explaiued  (I  be- 
lieve) by  any  of  the  poet's  editors. 
The  allusion  was  well  understood  in 
his  day,  but  is  now  forgotten.  The 
fact  is,  that  in  the  year  1757,  during 
an  unsuccessful  war,  and  a  general 
depression  of  national  ardour.  Dr. 
John  Brown  published  "  An  Estimate 
of  the  Manners  and  Principles  of  the 
Times,"  in  which  he  inveighed  strongly 
against  the  English  character,  as  sunk 
in  effeminacy,  frivolity,  and  selfish- 
ness. The  work  attracted  public  atten- 
tion, &o  that  no  less  than  seven  editions 


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584 


Adversaria. 


were  sold  off  in  a  year,  and  it  had  the 
effect  of  shaming  the  nation  and  the 
government  into  more  energetic  mea- 
sures. It  is  a  remark  of  Voltaire,  that 
the  English  immediately  began  to  beat 
their  enemies  in  every  quarter  of  the 
globe.  When  the  Doctor  published  a 
second  volume,  and  an  "  Explanatory 
Defence"  of  the  work,  comparatively 
little  interest  was  excited,  as  his  cen- 
sures were  no  longer  so  applicable  as 
before.  Dr.  Brown  was  the  author 
of  the  inflated  tragedy  of  Barbarossa, 
now  chiefly  known  by  its  having  been 
revived  to  exhibit  the  celebrated  Mas- 
ter Betty  in  the  character  of  Achmet. 

The  term  deicide,  which  Johnson 
has  admitted  into  his  Dictionary,  from 
a  passage  in  Prior,  may  be  traced  to 
St.  Barnard,  who  uses  the  Latin  word 
deicida.  Whether  it  originated  with 
him,  I  am  not  aware. 

Historians  and  chronologers  have 
been  greatly  puzzled  to  fix  the  date  of 
the  fall  of  the  Assyrian  empire.  Yet 
seemingly  the  difficulty  may  be  eluci- 
dated. In  2  Kings,  xxiii.  29,  Pharaoh- 
Necoh  went  up  expressly  "  against 
the  king  of  Assyria"  soon  after  which 
Assyria  disappears  from  history,  and 
is  only  mentioned  allusively.  In  Je- 
remiah, xxvii.  no  yoke  is  to  be  sent  to 
a  king  of  Assyria,  which  shews  that 
this  kingdom  had  ceased  to  exist. 
Also  in  chap.  xxv.  where  the  kings  of 
the  surrounding  nations  are  made  sym- 
bolically to  drink  of  the  bitter  cup, 
no  mention  occurs  of  Assyria. 

The  fall  of  Assyria,  therefore,  must 
have  happened  between  these  two 
events,  or,  according  to  Blayney's 
Chronology,  between  B.  C.  610  and 
598.  It  seems  then  that  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, flushed  with  his  success  against 
the  Egyptians,  turned  his  arms  against 
Assyria,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Medes,  as  all  historians  join  in  relat- 
ing. Reize,  in  his  edition  of  Herodo- 
tus, accordingly  places  the  fall  of 
Nineveh  B.  C.  606 ;  Volney,  a  few 
years  later,  in  597  ;  according  to  his 
system,  which  places  all  the  dates 
about  ten  years  later  than  former 
chronologers. 

Tuition  is  now  used  in  the  sense  of 
instruction.     Formerly,   however,  it 


bore  the  meaning  of  defence.  Thus 

we  read,  "  It  (i.  c.  salvation)  contains 
tuition  from  all  evill,  and  fruition 
of  all  good."  Anselm. 


LOND1NIANA. — No.  II. 
THE  labourers  employed  on  the 
excavation  now  iu  progress  for  con- 
structing a  sewer  in  Newgate  street, 
have  met,  at  the  depth  of  ten  feet  from 
the  surface,  with  considerable  obstruc- 
tion from*  a  wall  composed  of  ancient 
grout-work,  which  has  acquired  all  the 
solidity  of  a  natural  rock.  This  wall  is 
found  in  the  centre  of  the  street,  at 
about  ten  feet  of  depth  from  the  surface, 
and  ninety  from  the  south-west  cor- 
ner of  the  entrance  into  St.  Martin's 
le  Grand.  The  wall  extends  from  east 
to  west  some  forty  feet  or  upwards, 
and  is  about  eight  feet  in  height,  so 
that  its  base  rests  nearly  upon  the 
natural  surface  of  the  sub-soil  of  Lon- 
don, or  what  I  have  usually  termed  the 
Roman  level.  This  wall  is  however 
not  Roman*  but  the  south  wall  of  the 
ancient  Church  of  St.  Nicholas,  which 
stood  in  the  centre  of  the  old  Newgate 
market — from  this  circumstance  it 
was  distinguished  as  the  Church'  of 
St.  Nicholas  Shambles,  or  in  the  old 
writings  as  "  Sent  Nycolas  Flesh- 
shambulls ; "  it  was  dependent  and 
pensionary  on  the  adjacent  highly  pri- 
vileged ecclesiastical  foundation,  the 
Collegiate  Church  and  Sanctuary  of 
St.  Martin  le  Grand.f 

At  the  dissolution  this  Church  was 
demolished,  and  its  materials  and  orna- 
ments given  by  Henry  VIII.  to  the 
Mayor  and  Corporation  of  London  for 

*  The  magnified  and  varied  report* 
of  rumour,  ever  containing  something  of 
distorted  truth,  have  stated  that  this  was 
part  of  the  wall  of  Roman  London.  Trans- 
ferring its  dimensions  in  length,  to  itg 
depth  in  the  earth,  they  have  said  it  waa 
found  45  feet  below  the  surface.  Finally 
they  have  transferred  it  from  Newgate 
street  to  the  line  of  sewer  excavation  in 
Moorfields  ;  where  certainly,  when  they 
shall  cross  tthe  site  of  old  London  Wall, 
they  may  probably  meet  with  ita  founda- 
tions, but  not  at  seven  fathoms  below  the 
present  street  level.  All  this  however 
has  gone  the  round  of  the  daily  papers. 

f  .  See  Kempe's  IHistorical  Notices  of 
the  Collegiate  or.  Royal  Free  ChapeTof  St 
Martin  le  Grand,  London,  p.  31 1,  " 


Digitized  by  dooslc 


1835.]  The  Holy  Hand 

use  of  the  new  parish  of  Christ 
Church.*  The  old  Grey  Friars  Church 
became  the  parish  church  of  Christ 
Church. 

^  The  Church  yard  of  St  Nicholas 
Shambles  is  now  occupied  by  Bull 
Head  court,  Newgate  street.  In 
which  to  this  day  remains  the  ancient 
well  noticed  by  Stow. 

In  Aggas's  Map  of  London  (circ. 
1 568)  the  projection  into  the  line  of 
street  occasioned  by  the  Church,  is 
marked  as  occupied  by  buildings. 
These  were  demolished,  I  imagine,  at 
the  Great  Fire,  and  never  replaced. 
The  ashes  of  that  memorable  confla- 
gration, still  blacken  the  soil  excavated 
round  this  spot.  A  few  counters 
for  arithmetical  calculation,  known  as 
Nuremburg  tokens,  every  where  so 
plentiful  in  our  old  rains,  are  the  only 
numismatic  relics  which  I  can  learn 
have  been  found  about  the  prostrate 
and  buried  walls  of  St.  Nicholas 
Shambles.  A.  J.  K. 


The  Holy  Hano  op  Saint  Patrick. 

Mb.  Urban, 
A  CURIOUS  relic,  bearing  the  above 
title,  is  at  present  in  the  possession  of 
a  farmer  named  M 'Henry,  about  two 
miles  from  Portaferry,  county  of 
Down ;  which  is  reported  to  have 
been  originally  obtained  in  the  follow- 
ing manner  : — For  some  time  after  the 
decease  of  this  saint,  great  uncertainty 
is  said  to  have  prevailed  among  the 
faithful,  whether  his  body  was  in- 
terred at  Downpatrick  or  Armagh. 
To  remove  all  doubts  and  controversy 
on  this  head,  the  dead  saint  at  length 
condescended  to  work  a  miracle.  He 
protruded  his  bony  hand  from  the 

Save  at  Downpatrick,  and  allowed  a 
vourite,  named  Russell,  to  cut  it  off 
at  the  elbow,  in  whose  family  it  re- 
mained as  an  heirloom,  until  it  passed 
to  the  house  of  M'Henry. 

The  case  in  which  this  memorable 
and  long- revered  hand  is  preserved,  is 
said  to  be  of  silver ;  but  it  has  also 
been  supposed  to  be  of  block-tin,  or 

•  13  Jan.  38  Henry  VIII.  "  The 
parishes  of  St.  Nicholas  and  St.  Ewin, 
with  so  much  of  St.  Pulcher's  parish  as 
is  within  Newgate,  were  made  one  parish 
church  in  the  Gray  Friers  Church  founded 
by  King  Henry  VIII."— Stow's  Survey  of 
Loudon,"  edit.  1598,  p.  591. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


f  Saint  Patrick.  585 

some  such  metal.  Be  this  as  it  may, 
the  shape  of  the  case  is  that  of  a  rude 
figure  of  a  hand  and  arm  from  the 
elbow  down.  On  shaking  the  case,  a 
noise  resembling  the  rustling  of  dry 
bones  is  heard  within.  On  the  lower 
extremity,  at  the  elbow,  are  the  letters 
I.H.S.  The  case  is  curiously  carved, 
and  was  originally  set  with  pebbles  ; 
but  of  these  only  a  few  remain,  which 
are  of  a  black  or  green  colour. 


The  hand  is  the  right  one,  aud  the 
arm  appears  as  if  clothed  with  a  lawn 
sleeve  :  the  wrist  is  ornamented  with 
a  kind  of  band  or  frill,  on  which  are 
the  figures  of  some  grotesque  animals 
with  their  tails  entwined.  Two  of 
the  fingers  are  bent  down,  while  a  ring, 
formerly  containing  a  stone,  encircles 
the  middle  finger.  In  this  finger  is  a 
groove  or  channel,  through  which 
water  is  allowed  to  flow.  The  water 
is  then  bottled,  having,  according  to 
the  belief  of  many,  acquired  by  this 
contact  the  most  marvellous  virtues. 
This  finger  is  also  used  to  make  the 
sign  of  the  Cross  on  the  part  affected 
with  disease  :  to  it  the  blind,  lame, 
and  other  diseased  resort,  even  from 
the  most  remote  parts  of  the  kingdom  ; 
and  its  touch  is  asserted  to  have  been 
efficacious,  when  the  piescriptions  of 


Digitized  by  CjOOqIc 


586 

the  sage  physicians  and  all  medicinal 
skill  had  failed.  It  has  been  some- 
times lent  out,  on  proper  security  being 
given  for  its  safe  return. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  mentions,  that 
Robeit  the  Bruce  was  possessed  of 
the  hand  of  St.  Fillan,  enclosed  in  a 
silver  shrine,  which  was  carried  at  the 
head  of  his  army.  Smith,  in  his  His- 
tory of  Cork,  page  176,  says  that  a 
large  brazen  hand  was  formerly  kept 
in  the  parish  of  Donaghmore,  on 
which  the  people  used  to  swear,  untd 
removed  by  one  of  the  titular  bishops 
ofCloyne.  S.  M.  S. 


Mr.  Urban,     Hozion,  Nov.  IS. 

IN  addition  to  the  notes  from  the  re- 
cords of  the  corporation  of  Stratford- 
upon-Avon,  in  Warwickshire,  which 
appeared  in  your  Magazines  of  Fe- 
bruary and  April  last,  allow  me  to  lay 
before  your  readers  the  substance  of  an 
agreement,  between  the  Gilde  of  Strat- 
ford and  the  Abbey  and  Convent  of 
Kenilworth,  by  which  provision  was 
made  for  a  distribution  of  coals  at 
Christmas  among  the  poor  of  Strat- 
ford. 

The  agreement  to  which  I  refer, 
(and  of  which  1  inclose  a  transcript, 
should  you  think  proper  to  hand  it 
over  cither  to  the  Collectanea  or  any 
other  repository  of  incdited  documents,) 
is  in  Latin.  It  bears  date  the  20th  of 
February,  in  the  12th  year  of  Henry 
the  Seventh,  and  is  entitled  an  inden- 
ture between  Ralph  Abbot  of  the  Mo- 
nastery and  Convent  of  the  blessed 
Mary  of  Kenilworth,  and  Richard 
Bogy,  Master  of  the  Gilde  of  Holy 
Cross  of  Stratford-upon-Avon,  with 
consent  and  assent  of  Thomas  Clop- 
ton  and  others,  aldermen,  and  of  the 
proctors  of  the  same  Gilde;  aud 
states  that,  whereas  Master  Hugh 
Chesenale,  formerly  Rector  cf  the 
church  of  the  Invention  of  the  Holy 
Cross  of  Clyfford-upon-Stowre,  did 
in  his  life  time  devoutly  deliver  into 
the  hands  of  the  said  abbot  six 
pounds  thirteen  shillings  and  fourpence, 
to  be  applied  for  the  honour  of  God 
and  the  good  of  his  soule  and  the 
souls  of  his  parents,  the  said  Abbot, 
with  the  counsel  and  advice  of  friendly 
and  circumspect  men,  has  determined 
to  apply  it  as  follows,  viz.  for  the  pur- 
chase of  twenty  quarters  of  coal,  an- 


[Dec. 

nually  to  be  distributed  to  the  poor  ia 
the  almshouse  at  Stratford,  and  to 
the  other  poor  persons  in  the  town 
of  Stratford,  on  the  festival  of  the 
birth  of  our  Lord.  The  coals  to  be 
distributed  by  the  master,  aldermen, 
and  proctors  of  the  Gilde ;  and  the 
master,  aldermen,  and  proctor?,  when 
they  give  the  coal,  to  say  to  the 
paupers,  in  the  vulgar  dialect,  "  IV 
shall  pray  tpeeiully  for  the  soule  of 
Maister  Hugh  Chesenale,  sanity  me  par- 
son of  Clyffordupon-  Stowre,  which  or- 
deyned  this  almes  of  Colys  yerely  to  be 
distributed  among  you  poore  people,  to 
warm  you  with  this  cold  wynter  ;  and  for 
the  smiles  of  his  fader  and  moder,  and  fur 
all  Crist  en  soulcs,  saiying  of  your  charite 
a  paternoster  and  an  ave." 

Not  the  least  curious  part  of  this 
document  is  the  conclusion,  which  pro- 
vides that  the  master,  aldermen,  and 
proctors  of  Stratford  shall  fulfil  their 
trust  well,  faithfully,  and  without  fraud, 
in  the  manner  and  form  above  pre- 
scribed ;  and,  in  cose  of  failure,  the 
master,  aldermen,  and  proctors  of 
Stratford  agree  to  pay  to  the  Abbot  and 
fraternity  of  Kenilworth  for  the  time 
being,  the  sum  of  13*.  4d.  by  way  of 
fine,  for  every  default ;  and  the  Abbot 
and  fraternity  of  Kenilworth  are  em- 
powered to  distrain  for  the  said  fine, 
upon  all  the  lands  and  tenements  of  the 
said  Gilde  of  Holy  Cross  at  Stratfvrd. 

This  agreement  is  fairly  written  on 
parchment,  and  in  high  preservation, 
but  the  seal  has  been  broken  away. 

There  are  among  the  records  of  the 
Gilde  several  appointments  to  the  office 
of  chaplain,  of  one  of  which  1  inclose 
you  a  transcript.  It  is  that  of  William 
Party ngton,  appointed  in  the  1 3th  year 
of  Henry  the  Eighth;  and  as  you  will 
perceive,  it  invested  him  w?ith  one  sa- 
cerdotal service,  that  he  might  cele- 
brate mass  within  the  chappel  of  the 
said  gilde,  for  the  brethren  and  sisters 
of  the  said  Gilde,  as  well  the  living  as 
the  dead,  he  himself  being  in  suffi- 
cient health,  together  with  all  other 
divine  services  during  his  life.  He 
was  to  hold  his  office,  in  sickness  and 
in  health,  and  to  have  an  annual  salaiy 
of  eight  marks,  payable  quarterly  ;  also 
a  chamber  in  the  mansion  of  the  Gilde, 
with  a  part  of  the  garden  and  fruit, 
and  free  ingress  and  egress.  Several 
of  the  earlier  appointments  to  the  office 
of  chaplain,  stipulate  for  the  delivery, 


Records  of  Stratford  upon  Avon. 


Digitized  by  GooqIc 


y  Google 


1835.] 


Ancient  House  at  Igktham,  Kent. 


oS7 


to  the  person  appointed,  of  a  yard  of 
cloth  to  make  hira  a  hood,  of  the  colour 
of  those  worn  by  members  of  the  Gilde. 

Upon  an  examination  of  the  records 
of  this  Gilde,  of  the  time  of  Henry 
the  Sixth,  I  observed  iu  several  of  the 
grants  and  leases,  a  stipulation  that,  in 
addition  to  a  reserved  rent,  the  tenants 
should  deliver,  upon  the  feast  of  the 
nativity  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  one 
red  ro*e,  and  in  some  of  the  instru- 
ments it  was  stipulated  that  this  rose 
should  be  delivered  before  nine  o'clock 
in  the  morning. 

It  may  be  gratifying  to  your  anti- 
quarian readers  to  be  informed,  that 


the  series  of  the  muniments  of  this  an- 
cient fraternity,  from  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward the  First  to  that  of  Henry  the 
Eighth,  amounting  to  609  original 
documents,  have  been  chronologically 
arranged,  and  carefully  bound  up  in 
six  folio  volumes;  exclusive  of  the 
Gilde  ledger,  which  makes  a  seventh 
volume.  The  Corporation  of  Stratford, 
at  whose  particular  request  this  ar- 
rangement of  their  records  took  place, 
will  no  doubt  bestow  on  them  the  re- 
quisite care,  in  order  to  render  them 
available  as  sources  of  information  to 
the  future  historian  and  topographer. 
Yours,  &c.  Thos.  Fisher. 


ANCIENT  HOUSE  AT  IGHTHAM,  KENT. 
(With  a  Plate.) 


Mr.  Urban, 

TI1K  subject  of  the  accompanying 
engraving,  from  a  drawing  by  John 
Buckler,  Esq.  F.S.A.  is  derived  from 
a  very  ancient  house  standing  on  the 
north  side  of  the  highway  which 
passes  through  the  retired  village  of 
Jghtham  in  Kent,  leading  fromWrotham 
to  Sevcnoaks.  The '  western  portion 
of  this  building,  the  piers  of  the  chim- 
ney stacks,  it  will  be  observed,  are  of 
stone,  neatly  coigned.  The  chimney 
stacks  of  brick,  placed  diagonally  with 
the  line  of  the  walls.  The  tops  of  the 
chimneys  are  crenellated  or  embattled, 
a  circumstance  to  be  observed  in  Eng- 
lish houses,  and  even  cottages,  erected 
at  an  early  period. 

The  remainder,  aud  larger  part  of 
the  edifice,  is  composed  of  a  framing 
of  oak  timber,  filled  up  with  lath  and 
plaster,  a  style  very  prevalent  in  our 
ancient  country-houses,  not  by  any 
means  confined"  to  those  of  the  meaner 
sort ;  in  illustration  of  which  circum- 
stance, I  shall  offer  something  more  in 
the  sequel.  The  pointed  gables  of  the 
roof  are  beautifully  relieved  by  weather 
facings  of  carved  oak.  The  upper 
frame-work  of  the  large  bay  window, 
and  of  the  others  eastward  of  the 
porch,  is  crenellated,  and  over  one  of 


the  windows  drops  the  Tudor  label- 
moulding,  which  induces  roe  to  consi- 
der this  house  as  erected  about  the 
latter  end  of  the  fifteenth  century.  The 
windows  are  divided  by  numerous  raul- 
Hons,  closely  arranged.  The  extent  of 
the  front  is  about  55  feet.* 

The  whole  is  a  most  pleasing  ex- 
ample of  the  domestic  architecture  of 
the  period,  and  might  be  very  usefully 
applied  as  a  model  and  authority  for  the 
old- English  villas  and  lodges  of  our 
rural  gentry,  which  (in  highly  im- 
proved taste,  because  assimilating 
closely  with  the  original  ancient  style) 
are  now  everywhere  presenting  them- 
selves throughout  the  country.  No 
form  of  building  breaks  the  lines  of 
our  English  landscape  scenery  more 
agreeably  than  the  long  roofs  and 
pointed  gables  of  our  ancient  houses  ; 
whether  by  the  mountain's  side,  or 
peepiug  from  the  bosom  of  the  dark 
embowering  elms,  the  effect  is  pictu- 
resque and  pleasing — far  beyond  that 
produced  by  any  of  the  straight  lines  of 
the  Palladian  school.  Nor  is  this  ob- 
servation to  be  confined  to  the  country 
alone.  Our  Prouts  and  Hardings,  and 
other  great  masters  of  the  pencil,  will 
own  how  abundantly  picturesque  one 
of  our  old  English  towns  is  with  its 


*  The  low  parapet  wall  introduced  by  the  artist  in  front  of  the  building,  does  not 
extet.  Its  present  owner  is  Mr.  Selby,  of  London,  solicitor,  not  related  to  the  Sclbie* 
of  the  Moat*  Of  its  early  proprietary  history  nothing  has  been  ascertained,  but  an 
eminent  Kentish  antiquary  conjectures  it  is  the  same  which  he  has  found  mentioned 
in  old  deeds  under  the  name  of  Thrupp's  tenement.  Query,  was  it  not  the  ancient 
village  inn  ? 


Digitized  by  Gc 


588 


Ancient  House  at  Ightham,  Kent. 


[Dec. 


ornamented  gables,  bay  windows,  and 
chimney  stacks,  adorned  with  nu- 
merous mouldings,  compared  with  the 
eternal  long  files  of  the  brick  facades 
of  London,  with  their  straight  parapets 
and  formal  square  apertures  for  light, 
so  thai  a  man  walking  through  many 
of  our  modern  streets,  may  indeed 
imagine  he  is  passing  through  as  many 
avenues  composed  of  cribbage  boards 
from  Brobdignag,  placed  edgewise  to 
the  eye.  Again,  the  pitched  roof  is 
more  adapted  to  our  aqueous  atmo- 
sphere, to  the  throwing  off  the  floods 
and  snows,  and  stormy  assaults  of  an 
English  winter,  than  any  other  form. 
Our  ancestors  were  aware  of  this ;  but 
as  years  rolled  on,  and  labour  and  mate- 
rials became  more  expensive,  they  were 
induced  to  depart  from  the  principle. 
Therefore  it  is  no  bad  rule,  in  a  general 
way,  in  judging  of  the  period  of  parti- 
cular objects  of  ancient  English  ar- 
chitecture, that  the  more  acute  the 
pitch  of  the  roof,  the  older  the  build- 
ing.* 

Perhaps  the  angle  at  which  roofs 
were  constructed,  lessened  in  some  de- 
gree accordant  with  the  elevation  of 
the  pointed  arch,  which  we  know  de- 
clined by  degrees  till  it  attained  the 
lowest  possible  scale  of  depression,  in 
which  it  might  be  distinguished  as  an 
arch. 

The  principal  apartment  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  house  at  Ightham,  was  of 
course  that  for  general  domestic  as- 
sembly at  meals,  which  from  the  cot- 
tage to  the  palace  was  denominated 
the  Hall. 

Thus  Chaucer,  describing  the  old 
dame's  residence  in  his  tale  of  the 
Cock  and  the  Fox,  says, 

"  Full  sooty  was  her  bowre,  and  eke  her 
hale, 

In  which  she  etc  many  a  singell  mcle." 

This  has  its  huge  chimney  con- 
structed for  a  wood  fire  on  the  hearth, 
and  here  the  smoke  of  the  fire  had 
often  to  contend  with  the  elements, 
for,  sitting  within  the  chimney  in  his 


elbow  chair,  the  occupier  of  that  en- 
viable corner  in  a  winter's  night, 
looking  directly  up,  might  fairly  see 
the  moon  and  azure  sky,  through  the 
aperture  of  the  chimney.  In  an  apart- 
ment adjoining  the  hall  of  this  ancient 
dwelling,  I  observed  a  chimney  front 
of  stone,  in  the  depressed  style  of 
pointed  arch.  A  doorway  of  the  same 
form,  on  the  left  of  the  hall,  leads  to 
the  cellar. 

In  the  sleeping  apartments  above,  1 
believe  there  were  no  fire  places,  and 
one  peculiarity  1  noticed,  which  gave 
great  height  and  air  to  the  bed- 
chambers, namely,  that  there  was  no 
loft  over  them,  but  that  the  ceiling 
was  placed  against  the  rafters  of  the 
roof.  The  massive  beams,  the  dark 
thick  oaken  planks  of  the  floors,  all 
denoted  a  period  when  great  stability 
and  duration  were  desired;  when  a 
man  built  a  house  as  he  bespoke  his 
gown  of  baudekyn,  damask,  or  dornix, 
for  succeeding  generations,  so  that  not 
only  his  "  cote  armure,"  but  his  coat 
apparel,  were  hcir-looras  in  his  family. 

Holinshed,  in  his  "  Historic  of  Eng- 
land,"t  gives  some  valuable  and  amus- 
ing information  relating  to  our  domestic 
architecture,  furniture,  and  mode  of 
living  at  the  time  in  which  he  wrote. 
He  says,  that  in  the  cities  and  towns 
throughout  England,  the  houses  of 
noblemen  and  others  were  constructed 
chiefly  of  /tinier,  except  in  the  west 
country  towns,  where  they  were  of 
stone ;  that  in  the  woody  soils  the 
dwellings  were  strong  and  well  tun* 
bered,  "  so  that  in  many  places  there 
were  above  four,  six,  or  nine  inches 
between  stud  and  stud;"  he  speaks  of 
the  upright  frame  work  of  the  walls ; 
"  Certes,"  adds  the  venerable  chroni- 
cler, "this  rude  kind  of  building  made 
the  Spaniards,  in  Queene  Marie's  daies, 
to  wonder,  but  chieflie  when  they  saw 
what  large  diet  was  used  in  many  of 
these  so  homelie  cottages,  in  so  much 
that  one  of  no  small  reputation  among 
them  said,  after  this  maner,  '  These 
English,'  quoth  he,  •  have  their  houses 


*  Among  the  most  acute  roofs  which  we  have  observed  in  the  county  of  Kent,  wis 
that  of  an  old  moated  house  seated  in  the  meadows,  near  the  course  of  the  Ravens  - 
bourne  at  Bromley,  called  Simson's,  one  of  the  inhabitants  of  which  is  said  to  have 
been  Henry  the  Eighth's  barber.  It  is  now  dropping  down  piecemeal.  Its  fine  lofty 
chimney -stacks  still,  however,  maintain  their  perpendicularity  and  importance,  amid 
the  falling  walls  and  timbers. 

t  Vol.  1.  p.  187.— Edit.  15H7. 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1835.] 


Ancient  House  at  Ightham,  Kent 


made  of  sticks  and  dirt,  but  they  fare 
commoulie  so  well  asthe  king.'  Where- 
by it  appeareth  that  he  liked  better  of 
oar  good  fare  in  such  coarse  cabins, 
than  of  their  own  thin  diet  in  their 
princely  habitations  and  palaces." — 
The  internal  walls  of  our  houses,  he 
says,  were  either  hanged  with  tapestry 
or  painted  cloths,  or  lined  with  native 
oak  or  wainscot  brought  from  the  East 
Country,  meaning  Norway  and  the 
shores  of  the  Baltic.  In  country-houses 
in  the  olden  time,  he  says,  instead  of 
glass  they  used  lattice  work  either  of 
wicker  or  fine  rifts  of  oak,  disposed 
checkerwise ;  to  this  enumeration  might 
be  added  horn;  thus  in  an  old  account 
among  the  MSS.  preserved  at  Loseley 
House  in  Surrey,  of  the  time  of  Henry 
VIII.  we  have  the  entry  for  two  hun- 
dred of  horn  "  occupyed  at  Cobham 
Park,  in  reparynge  of  wyndowes  at 
the  settynge  up  of  the  Kyngs  Majes- 
ties howses  ther,  at  3*.  lOd.  the  hun- 
dred, 7*.  8d."  •    Another  item  is  for  a 
thousand  of  lantern  horns  for  the  win- 
dows of  timber  houses  ;t  another  for 
gilding  the  lead  or  lattice  work  of  the 
horn  windows.    These  notices  prove 
that  horn  was  a  material  much  em- 
ployed for  the  transmission  of  light 
through  the  windows  of  our  ancient 
houses. 

Holinshed  says,  that  horn,  in  his 
own  time,  was  disused,  because  glass 
had  become  every  where  so  plentiful. 
The  specular  stone  or  selenite,  he  adds, 
he  has  obscurely  heard  was  once- used 
in  England  instead  of  glass.    He  states 


positively  that  the  windows  of  princes 
and  great  noblemen  were  glazed  with 
chrystal,  and  those  of  Studlcy  Castle, 
then  to  be  seen,  of  beryl ;  both  asser- 
tions probably  very  vaguely  deducted, 
and  perhaps  arising  from  the  colour  aud 
quality  of  the  ancient  glass.  Other 
things  are  noticed  by  this  venerable 
authority  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the 
domestic  antiquary,  as  the  multitude  of 
chimneys  which  had  been  erected  in 
his  time,  whereas  in  his  earlier  days 
they  were  very  rare,  and  with  excep- 
tion of  some  mansions,  manor-houses, 
abbeys,  &c.  each  man  made  his  fire 
against  a  "  rere-dosse  I  in  the  common 
hall,  where  he  cooked  and  ate  his 
meat." 

Holinshed  notices  also  the  introduc- 
tion of  feather-beds  and  counterpanes 
in  exchange  for  the  common  homely 
furniture  for  repose  ;§  of  plate  or 
pewter  for  the  table,  instead  of  wooden 
platters,  spoons,  and  bowls. 

These  few  authentic  notes,  drawn 
from  an  authority  if  not  precisely  con- 
temporary with  the  erection  of  the  old 
house  at  Ightham,  yet  of  the  age  im- 
mediately succeeding,  1  have  thought 
might  fairly  be  introduced  in  describing 
its  peculiarities. 

Among  other  remarkable  objects  in 
the  same  parish,  I  cursorily  mention 
the  extensive  Roman  entrenchment,  on 
the  bold  eminence,  Old-borough  or 
Old-bury  hill ;  the  monument  of  Sir 
Thomas  Cawne,  a  fine  and  perfect  ex- 
ample of  the  military  costume  of  the 
fourteenth  century;  the  tombs  of  the 


*  Kempe's  Loseley  MSS.  p.  103. 

t  These  timber  houses  were  temporary  edifices  in  the  field,  prepared  under  the 
direction  of  Sir  Thomas  Cawarden,  Master  of  the  King's  Revels,  Tents,  Hales  (Halls), 
andToyles.    Ibid.  p.  15. 

♦  The  word  1  rere-dosse,'  here  used,  seems  entitled  to  some  little  explanation.  It 
could  not  be  the  iron  back  of  a  chimney,  because  there  was  none  in  the  apartment ; 
it  meant  therefore  an  iron  for  rearing  or  elevating  the  logs  for  fuel,  such  indeed  as  to 
this  day  is  to  be  seen  placed  on  a  hearth  in  the  middle  of  the  old  hall  at  Penshurst  in 
Kent. 

§  I  cannot  refrain  from  transcribing  the  passage  relating  to  this  head  in  his  own 
words :  "  Our  Fathers,  yea  we  ourselves  also,  have  lien  full  oft  upon  straw  pallets, 
on  rough  mats  covered  onelie  with  a  sheet,  under  coverlets  made  of  dagswain  or  hop- 
harlots  (qy.  sacks  ?)  and  a  good  round  log  under  their  heads  for  a  pillow.  If  it  were 
so  that  our  fathers,  or  the  good  man  of  the  house,  had  within  seven  years  after  his 
marriage  purchased  a  mattress  or  flock  bed,  and  thereto  a  sacke  of  chaffe  to  rest  his 
head  upon,  he  thought  himself  to  be  as  well  lodged  as  the  lord  of  the  towne,  that  pcr- 

sdventure  lay  seldom  in  a  bed  of  downc  or  whole  feathers  Pillowes  were  thought 

meet  onelie  for  women  in  child-bed.  As  for  servants,  if  they  had  anie  sheet  above 
them  it  was  well,  for  seldom  had  they  anie  under  their  bodies,  to  keep  them  from  the 
Pricking  straws  which  ran  through  the  canvas  of  the  pallet,  and  rased  (scratched)  their 
hardened  bides." 


Digitized  by  Google 


590  Quasi  tones  Venusina, . 

Selbies  of  the  Moat ;  and  other  sepul- 
chral and  heraldic  memorials  in  the 
parish  church. 

The  building  called  the  Moat  is  a 
most  interesting  specimen  of  the  forti- 
fied house  of  a  knight  in  the  four- 
teenth century.  It  is  seated  about 
two  miles  south  of  the  village  of 
lghtham,  concealed  in  woods,  in  a 
deep  ravine,  and  the  waters  of  a  rivu- 
let flow  round  the  house,  supplying 
the  moat  from  which  it  takes  its  name. 
This  house  must  have  been  constructed 
on  a  little  island  or  eight,  which  I  strong- 
ly conjecture  gave  name  to  the  whole 
parish  as  Eighth  am  or  lghtham,  the 
hamlet  of  the  eight.  I  know  another 
derivation  has  been  offered,  but  1 
think  it  not  so  plausible.* 

If  the  eminent  antiquarian  artist 
who  has  supplied  the  drawing  here 
engraved,  should  be  inclined  to  oblige 
vou  with  his  view  of  the  Moat- house, 
it  may  perhaps  not  unacceptably  form 
the  subject  of  another  communication. 
Yours,  &c.  A.  J.  K. 


QlMSSTIOXES  VeNUSINvC. 

No.  VI. 
(Continued from  p.  22.) 

BY  whom  teas  the  conjectural  reading 
in  the  first  Ode  of  Horace — 
*  Te  doctarum  hederre  pracraia  frontium 

Diis  miscent  superis,' 
originally  proposed  ? 

4.  The  celebrated  Dr.  W.  King,  in 
'  Anecdotes  of  his  own  Times,'  (Mur- 
ray, 1818.)  at  p.  72.  mentions  "  the 
Horace-mad"  Dr.  Douglas  ;  and  goes 
on  to  speak  of  him  thus  : 

"  The  Doctor  understood  his  author, 
whom  he  had  studied  with  great  care 
and  application.  Amongst  other  of 
his  criticisms,  he  favoured  me  with 
the  perusal  of  a  dissertation  on  the 
first  Ode,  and  a  defence  of  Dr.  Hare's 
famous  emendation  of  '  Te  doetarunj,' 
&c.  instead  of  Me. 

"This  emendation  hath  been  given 
by  the  Dutch  critics  to  Brockhusius. 
But  I  could  never  find  it  in  any  part 
of  his  works  ;  and  therefore  the  merit 
of  it  should  justly  be  left  to  Dr.  Hare. 

"  See  a  note  at  the  bottom  of  page 


*  The  word  is  from  ijga^  Saxon,  an 
island  ;  r^gitiS-huill  was  easily  contracted 
into  lghtham. 


to.  VI  —Me  or  Te.  [Dec. 

150  of  a  pamphlet,  published  17*23, 
entitled  Scriptures  Vindicated,  &c." 

Now,  who  are  the  Dutch  critics 
here  alluded  to  ?  aud  what  is  the  criti- 
cal work? — That  information  would 
settle  one  of  the  points  of  our  per- 
plexity at  once. 

Is  any  thing  known  of  that  Disser- 
tation above  mentioned?  What  be- 
came of  Dr.  Douglas's  MSS.?  and  in 
whose  possession,  if  preserved,  are 
they  now  ? 

5.  Mr.  Pope  in  his  '  Dunciad,'  B. 
iv.  219,  220.  instead  of  making  the 
contested  lectiones  to  turn  on  que  or  ve, 
with  the  charge  consistently  kept  up 
against  petty  learning  and  erudite 
miuutite,  absolutely  rests  his  ridicule 
in  part — 

(Risu  incpto  res  ineptior  nulla  est) 
on  the  question  betwixt  two  words 
which,  of  all  others,  form  the  most 
essential  distinction  ever  likely  to  oc- 
cur : 

"  'Tis  true,  on  Words  is  still  our 
whole  debate ; 
Dispute  of  Me  or  Te,  of  out  or  at," 
&c. 

"  REMARK. 

"  Ver.  220.  of  Me  or  Te.]  It  was 
a  serious  dispute,  about  which  the 
learned  were  divided,  and  some  trea- 
tises written.  Had  it  been  about 
Meum  and  Tuum,  it  could  not  be  more 
contested,  than  whether  at  the  end  of 
the  first  Ode  of  Horace,  to  read  Mb 
doctarum  hedera  preemia  frontium,  or 
Te  doctarum  hedera." 

What  were  the  Treatises  (if  any)  to 
which  allusion  is  made  in  this  '  Re- 
mark ' ?  and  where  may  the  particulars 
be  found  ?  II.  R. 


Mr.  Urban,  Nov,  10. 

I  TRUST  1  shall  be  excused  for  call- 
ing the  attention  of  the  public  to  a 
matter  so  highly  interesting  as  any- 
thing connected  with  our  acquisition 
of  the  splendid  antiquities  of  Egypt. 
It  appears  the  existing  government  of 
that  once  great  country  has  made  a  pre- 
sent to  his  Majesty  of  the  remaining 
superb  obelisk  at  Thebes ;  but  it  occurs 
to  roe,  that  if  some  steps  are  not  quickly 
taken  to  secure  the  grant  from  another 
power,  we  may  be  disappointed  at  some 
future  time,  should  an  attempt  be  made 
to  remove  it  to  this  country.  I  allude 
to  the  probability  of  the  Turks  rcsum- 


Digitized  by  Goc 


1835.]  Obelisk  of  Ti 

ing  the  occupation  of  Egypt,  an  event 
■which  many  think  not  unlikely.  Should 
this  take  place,  we  can  scarcely  expect 
the  Sultan  would  confirm  the  act  of  his 
rebel  pacha,  and  thus  by  his  refusal  we 
may  lose  the  chance  of  securing  to  our- 
selves so  unrivalled  a  specimen  of  the 
taste  and  power  of  the  ancient  Egyp- 
tians. 

I  beg  leave,  therefore,  to  recommend 
that  measures  toj  adopted  to  procure 
the  Sultan's  confirmation  of  the  grant, 
which  I  should  hope  would  be  easily 
obtained,  considering  that  the  applica- 
tion would  be  rather  flattering  to  him 
than  otherwise. 

There  is  likewise  danger  from  ano- 
ther quarter — from  the  French.  They 
have  nobly  availed  themselves  of  the 
gift  to  them  at  Luxor,  by  the  removal 
of  an  obelisk  from  that  place;  and 
should  Turkey  again  become  masters 
of  the  country,  they  may  dispute  our 
right  to  the  one  at  Thebes,  and  prevail 
upon  the  Sultan  to  dispose  of  it  to 
them,  which  there  can  be  no  question 
he  would  have  a  right  to  do. 

Having  proceeded  thus  far,  may  I  be 
permitted  to  ask  why  we  should  not 
instantly  set  about  its  removal  ?  When 
can  we  expect  a  better  opportunity  ? 
We  are  in  a  state  of  profound  peace. 
Egypt  is  sufficiently  so  for  our  purpose ; 
and  the  government  of  that  country 
upon  friendly  terms  with  us.  Nothing 
is  wanting  but  the  funds,  which  surely 
with  the  spirited  example  of  France 
before  us  cannot  be  denied ;  a  suffi- 
cient sum  granted,  there  would  be  no 
difficulty  in  finding  competent  persons 
to  undertake  its  removal  to  England, 
vast  as  is  the  undertaking. 

We  have  also  the  advantage  of  Mr. 
Wilkinson's  local  knowledge,  as  to  its 
situation,  distance  from  the  Nile,  and 
nature  and  position  of  the  soil  between 
it  and  the  river,  not  at  second  hand 
from  his  work,  but  from  himself  direct, 
he  having  returned  from  Egypt. 

If  so  humble  an  individual  as  my- 
self may  venture  to  suggest  the  first 
step  towards  this  magnificent  under- 
taking, 1  should  recommend  that  a 
meeting  be  called  of  those  interested,  to 
appoint  a  committee  for  the  purpose 
of  collecting  information  relative  to  this 
affair,  to  arrange  and  prepare  a  peti- 
tion to  the  government  praying  a  grant 
of  money  sufficient  for  the  purpose, 
and  to  select.fit  and  proper  persons  to 


tes.—Batal/ta.  591 

carry  into  execution  such  plans  as  may 
be  adopted  to  secure  the  safe  landing 
upon  our  shores  of  this  noble  and  stu- 
pendous relic  of  departed  greatness. 

Yours,  &c.  C. 


Visit  to  Batalha.    By  William 
Beckford,  Esq. 

OUR  antiquarian  readers  cannot 
fail  to  be  delighted  with  the  beauty 
and  spirit  of  the  following  account  of 
the  famous  Monastery  of  Batalha, 
from  the  lively  pen  of  the  Author 
of  Vathek.  It  is  extracted  from  "  Re- 
collections of  an  Excursion  to  the 
Monasteries  of  Alcobaca  and  Ba- 
talha," reviewed  in  our  September 
number,  p.  274.  The  depreciation 
of  Pointed  Architecture,  and  warm 
eulogiura  of  Grecian  art,  at  the 
close  of  the  article,  is  remarkable,  as 
coming  from  the  destroyer  of  the 
classical  mansion  at  Foothill,  built  by 
Alderman  Beckford,  and  the  builder  of 
the  famous  yet  fantastic  Abbey  of 
Fonthill.  Were  these  remarks  written 
in  1794,  or  are  they  the  result  of  more 
recent  reflection ;  after  the  vanity  and 
vexation  of  spirit  of  witnessing  the 
magical  erection  and  speedy  downfall 
of  his  once  magnificent  edifice  ? — Edit. 

My  eyes  being  fairly  open,  I  beheld  a 
quiet  solitary  vale,  bordered  by  shrubby 
bills ;  a  few  huts,  and  but  a  few,  peeping 
out  of  dense  masses  of  foliage;  and  nigh 
above  their  almost  level  surface,  the  gTeat 
Church  with  its  rich  cluster  of  abbatial 
buildings,  buttresses,  and  pinnacles,  and 
fretted  by  spires,  towering  in  all  their 
pride,  and  marking  the  ground  with  deep 
shadows  that  appeared  interminable,  so 
far  were  they  stretched  along.  Lights 
glimmered  here  and  there  in  various  parts 
of  the  edifice ;  but  a  strong  glare  of 
torches  pointed  out  its  principal  entrance, 
where  stood  the  whole  community  waiting 
to  receive  us, 

•       •      •      •  • 

A  sacristan  came  to  announce  that  high 
mass  was  on  the  point  of  celebration. 
We  all  rose  up — and  the  Prior  of  Ba- 
talha taking  me  most  benignly  by  the 
band,  the  prelates  and  their  attendants 
followed.  We  advanced  in  procession 
through  courts  and  cloisters  and  porches, 
all  constructed  with  admirable  skill,  of  a 
beautiful  grey  stone,  approaching  in  fine, 
ness  of  texture  and  apparent  durability  to 
marble.  •  *  •  •  We  passed  the 
Refectory^  a  plain  solid  building,  with  a 
pierced  parapet  of  the  purest  Gothic 
design  and  most  precise  execution,  and 


Digitized  by  Google 


'592 


trnversinga  garden  court  divided  into  com- 
partments where  grew  the  orange  trees 
whose  fragrance  we  had  enjoyed,  shading 
the  fountain  by  whose  murmurs  we  had  been 
lulled,  passed  through  a  sculptured  gate- 
way with  an  irregular  open  space  before 
the  grand  Western  facade  of  the  Church — 
grand  indeed — the  portal  full  50  feet  in 
height,  surmounted  by  a  window  of  per- 
forated  marble  of  nearly  the  same  dimen- 
sions, deep  as  a  cavern,  and  enriched  with 
canopies  and  imagery  in  a  style  that  would 
have  done  honour  to  William  of  Wyke- 
ham,  some  of  whose  disciples  or  co-disci- 
ples 1n  tne  train  of  the  founder's  consort, 
Phillippa  of  Lancaster,  had  probably  de- 
signed it. 

As  soon  as  we  drew  near,  the  valves  of 
a  huge  oaken  door  were  thrown  open  and 
we  entered  the  nave,  which  reminded  me 
of  Winchester  in  form  of  niches  and 
mouldings,  and  of  Amiens  in  loftiness. 
There  is  a  greater  plainness  in  the  walls, 
less  pannelling,  and  fewer  intersections 
in  the  vaulted  roof;  but  the  utmost  rich- 
ness of  hue,  at  this  time  of  day  at  least, 
was  not  wanting.  No  tapestry,  however 
rich— no  painting,  however  vivid,  could 
equal  the  gorgeousness  of  tint,  the  splen- 
dour of  the  golden  and  ruby  light  which 
streamed  forth  from  the  long  series  of 
stained  windows:  it  played  flickering 
about  in  all  directions,  on  pavement  and 
on  roof,  casting  over  every  object  myriads 
of  glowing  mellow  shadows  ever  in  un- 
dulating motion,  like  the  reflection  of 
branches  swayed  to  and  fro  by  the  breeze. 
We  all  partook  of  these  gorgeous  tints— 
the  white  monastic  garments  of  my  con- 
ductor seemed  as  it  were  embroidered 
with  the  brightest  flowers  of  paradise,  and 
our  whole  procession  kept  advancing 
invested  with  celestial  colours. 

Mass  began  as  soon  as  the  high  prelatic 
powers  had  taken  their  stations.  It  was 
celebrated  with  no  particular  pomp,  no 
glittering  splendour ;  but  the  countenances 
and  gestures  of  the  officiating  priests  were 
characterized  hy  a  profound  religious  awe. 
The  voices  of  the  monks,  clear  and  deep- 
toned,  rose  pealing  through  vast  and 
echoing  spaces.  Toe  chant  was  grave 
and  simple— its  austerity  mitigated  in 
some  parts  bv  the  treble  of  very  young 
choristers.  These  6weet  and  innocent 
sounds  found  their  way  to  ray  heart. — 
they  recalled  to  my  memory  our  own 
beautiful  cathedral  service,  and — I  wept ! 
It  was  in  this  tone  of  mind,  so  well  calcu- 
lated to  nourish  solemn  and  melancholy 
impressions,  that  we  visited  the  Mausoleum 
where  lie  extended  on  their  cold  sepul- 
chres the  effigies  of  John  the  First,  and 
the  generous-hearted,  noble-minded  Phil- 
lippa, linked  baud  in  hand  in  death  as 
4 


fondly  as  they  were  in  life.  Thin  tomb 
is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  chapel. 

Under  a  row  of  arches  on  the  nrfef 
fretted  and  pinnacled  and  crocheted  in  the 
best  style  of  Gothic  at  its  beat  peried. 
lie,  sleeping  the  last  sleep,  their  justly  - 
renowned  progeny,  the  Regent  Pedro 
Dulse  of  Coimbra,  whose  wise  administra- 
tion of  government,  during  tne  minority 
of  his  nephew  and  son-in-law  Alfonso 
the  Fifth,  rendered  Portugal  so  pros- 
perous, and  whose  death,  by  the  vilest 
treachery,  on  the  field  of  Alfarobeira,  was 
the  fatal  consequence  of  bitter  feud  and 
civil  jealousies ;  the  Infante  Dona  John, 
a  man  of  pure  and  blameless  life  ;  Fer- 
nando, whose  protracted  captivity  in 
Africa  was  a  long  agony,  endured  with 
the  resigned  and  pious  fortitude  of  a  chris- 
tian martyr;  and  Henry,  to  whom  his 
country  is  beholden  for  those  triumphant 
maritime  discoveries,  the  result  of  his 
scientific  researches  unwearingly  pursued 
in  calm  and  studious  retirement. 

All  these  princes,  in  whom  the  high 
bearing  of  their  intrepid  father,  and  the 
exemplary  virtues  and  strong  sense  of 
their  mother,  the  grand -daughter  of  our 
Edward  the  Third,  were  united,  repose 
after  their  toils  und  suffering,  *mi  this 
secluded  chapel,  which  looks  indeed  a 
place  of  rest  and  holy  quietude;  the  liirit. 
equally  diffused,  forms  as  it  were  a  tran- 
quil atmosphere,  such  a>  might  be  ima- 
gined worthy  to  surround  the  predestined 
to  happiness  in  a  future  world. 

1  withdrew  from  the  contemplation  of 
these  tombs  with  reluctance  :  every  object 
in  the  chapel  which  contains  them  being 
so  pure  in  taste,  so  harmonious  in  colour  ; 
every  armorial  device,  every  mottoed 
label,  so  tersely  and  correctly  sculptured, 
associated  also  so  closely  with  historical 
and  English  recollections — the  garter,  the 
leopards,  the  fleur-de-lis  "  from  baughrv 
GaIHa  torn  |  "  the  Plantagenet  cast  of  the 
whole  chamber  conveyed  home  to  my 
bosom  a  feeling  so  interesting,  so  conge- 
nial, that  1  could  not  persuade  myself  to 
move  away,  though  my  reverend  conduc- 
tors began  to  show  every  sign  of  impa- 
tience.     u[f.  gffttyta*  i';  vl/«n.  tt*U* 

I  could  not  help  observing  the  admira- 
ble! order  iu  wluch  every — the  minutest 
nook  mid  corner  of  this  truly  regal  moms 
tery  is  preserved;  not  a  weed  in  any 
crevice,  not  a  lichen  on  any  stone,  not  a 
stain  on  the  warm-coloured  apparently- 
marble  walls,  not  a  floating  cross  on  the 
unsullied  waters  of  its  numerous  func- 
tions. The  ventilation  of  all  these 
spaces  was  most  admirable  t  it  waa  a 
luxury  to  breathe  the  temperate  delicious 
air,  blowing  over  the  fre*h  herbs  and 
flowers,  which  filled  the  comparUnejiu  of 


Digitized  by  GiOOQie 


)835.] 


Mr.  Beckford t  Description  of  Batalha. 


593 


a  parterre  in  the  centre  of  the  cloisters, 
from  which  you  ascend  by  a  few  expansive 
steps  to  the  Chapter -house,  a  square  of 
70  feet,  and  the  most  strikingly-beautiful 
apartment  I  ever  beheld.  The  graceful 
arching  of  the  roof,  unsupported  by  con- 
sole or  column,  is  unequalled;  it  seems 
suspended  by  magic;  indeed,  human 
means  failed  twice  in  constructing  this 
bold  unembarrassed  space.  Perseverance, 
and  the  animating  encouragement  of  the 
sovereign  founder,  at  length  conquered 
every  difficulty,  and  the  work  remains  to 
this  h<  Mir  secure  and  perfect 

This  stately  hall,  though  appropriated 
to  the  official  resort  of  the  living,  is  also 
a  consecrated  abode  of  the  dead.  On 
a  raised  platform  in  the  centre,  covered 
with  rich  palls,  are  placed  the  tombs  of 
Alfonso  the  Fifth,  and  his  grandson,  a 
gallant  blooming  youth,  torn  from  life,  and 
his  newly-married  consort,  the  Infanta  of 
Castile,  and  its  fairest  flower,  at  the 
early  age  Of  17 :  with  him  expired  the 
best  hopes  of  Portugal,  and  of  his  father, 

the  great  John  the  Second. 

•      •      •      •  ♦ 

Second  rut*  to  Batalha.— Eight  before 
me,  at  the  extremity  of  an  assemblage  of 
hillocks,  some  bare,  some  covered  with 
flowering  heaths,  but  destitute  of  human 
or  animal  inhabitants,  stood  the  lofty 
majestic  Basilica  of  Batalha,  surrounded 
by  its  glorious  huddle  of  buildings,  from 
this  point  most  picturesquely  foreshort- 
ened. I  could  hardly  believe  so  con- 
siderable and  striking  a  group  of  richly 
parapeted  walls,  roofs,  and  towers,  de- 
tached chapeU  and  insulated  spires, 
formed  parts  of  one  and  the  same  edifice : 
in  appearance  it  was  not  merely  a  church 
or  a  palace  I  was  looking  at,  but  some 
fair  city  of  romance,  such  as  imagination, 
glowing  with  the  fancies  of  Ariosto,  might 
have  pictured  to  itself  under  die  illusion 
Of  a  dream. 

"To  what  lucky  chance,"  said  the 
Prior,  "  are  we  indebted  for  the  renewal 
of  a  visit  I  scarcely  ventured  to  natter 
myself  would  have  taken  place  so  soon?*' 
"To  the  genuine  desire,"  answered  I, 
"not  only  of  assuring  you  of  my  real 
veneration,  but  a  wish  to  examine  the 
mausoleum  of  Dom  Emanuel,  which  1 
totally  neglected  in  the  hurry  of  yester- 
day." The  Prior,  crossing  his  hands  on 
his  bosom,  entreated  me  to  dispense  with 
Ms  attentions  for  half  an  hour,  the  choir 
service  imperatively  requiring  his  pre- 
sence. As  soon  as  he  bad  taken  his 
departure,  followed  by  his  friars  and 
novices,  I  gave  myself  wholly  up  to  the 
enjoyment  of  those  romantic  fancies  the 
surrounding  scenery  wa>  so  admirably  well 
adapted  to  inspire.    Two  stately  portals, 

Gewt.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


thrown  open  to  catch  the  breezes,  ad- 
mitted views  of  the  principal  courts  and 
cloisters  of  this  unequalled  monument  of 
the  purest  taste  of  the  fourteenth  century. 
A  tranquil,  steady  sunlight  overspread 
their  grand  broad  surfaces.  The  graceful 
spire,  so  curiously  belted  with  zones  of 
the  richest  carved  work,  rose  high  above 
the  ornamented  parapet,  relieved  by  a  soft 
and  mellow  evening  sky.  None  of  the 
monks  were  moving  about;  but  1  heard 
with  a  sort  of  mournful  pleasure  their 
deep  and  solemn  voices  issuing  from  the 
great  porch  of  the  transept  nearest  the 
choir.      •       •       •       •  • 

And  now  the  Prior,  with  hie  wonted 
solemn  and  courteous  demeanour,  offering 
to  be  himself  my  guide  to  the  Mautolcum 
of  Dom  Emanuel,  we  traversed  a  wilder- 
ness of  weeds — this  part  of  the  con- 
ventual precincts  being  much  neglected  - 
and  entered  a  dreary  area,  surrounded  by 
the  roorless,  unfinished  cluster  ot  chapels, 
on  which  the  most  elaborately  sculptured 
profusion  of  ornaments  had  been  lavished, 
as  often  happens  in  similar  cases,  to  no 
very  happy  result.  I  cannot  in  con- 
science persuade  myself  to  admire  such 
deplorable  waste  of  time  and  ingenuity, — 
"the  quips,  and  cranks,  and  wanton 
wiles"  of  a  corrupt,  meretricious  archi- 
tecture; and  when  the  good  Prior  had 
lamented  pathetically  the  unfinished  state 
of  this  august  mausoleum,  and  almost 
dropped  a  tear  for  the  death  of  Emanuel 
its  founder,  as  if  it  had  onlv  occurred  a 
week  ago,  I  did  not  pretend  to  share  his 
affliction ;  for,  had  the  building  been  com- 
pleted according  to  the  design  we  are 
favoured  with  by  that  dull  draftsman 
Murphy,  most  greviously  ugly  would  it 
have  been; — -ponderous  and  lumpish  in 
the  general  effect,  exuberantly  light  and 
fantastic  in  the  detail,  it  was  quite  a  mercy 
that  it  was  never  finished.  Saxon  crink- 
lings  and  cnuiklings  are  bad  enough  ;  the 
preposterous  long  and  lanky  marrow- 
spoon-shaped  arches  of  the  early  Norman, 
still  worse :  and  the  Moorish  horse-shoe- 
like deviations  from  beautiful  curves, 
little  better. 

I  have  often  wondered  how  persons  of 
correct  taste  could  ever  have  tolerated 
them,  and  fatten  on  garbage  when  they 
might  enjoy  the  lovely  Ionic,  so  prevalent 
in  Greece,  the  Doric  grandeur  of  the 
Parthenon,  and  the  Corinthian  magnifi- 
cence of  Balmec  and  Palmyra.  If,  how- 
ever, you  wish  to  lead  a  quiet  life,  beware 
how  you  thwart  established  prejudices. 
I  began  to  perceive,  that  to  entertain  sny 
doubts  of  the  supreme  excellence  of  Don 
Emanuel's  scallops  and  twisti locations 
amounted  to  heresy.  Withdrawing,  there- 
lore,  my  horns  of  defiance,  1  reserved  my 
4  G 

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Poetry. 


[Dec. 


594 

criticisms  for  some  future  display  to  a 
more  intelligent  auditor,  and  chimed  in  at 
length  with  the  Prior's  high-flown  admi- 
ration of  all  this  fillagrce,  and  despair  for 
its  non-completion:  so  we  parted  good 
friends.  My  Arabian  was  brought  out, 
looking  bright  and  happy;  I  bade  a  roost 


grateful  adieu  to  the  Prior  and  his  6wsnn 

of  friars  and  novices ;  and  before  they  had 
ceased  staring  and  wondering  at  the  velo- 
city with  which  I  was  carried  away  from 
them,  I  had  reached  a  sandy  desert  above 
a  mile  from  Butalha. 


POETRY. 

LINES  TO  A  LADY  SINGING. 
By  D.  L.  Richardson. 

A  voicb  divine  is  echoing  in  my  heart — 

The  tears  are  in  mine  eyes  ; — Oh !  never,  never 

Did  holier  tones  from  worldly  cares  dissever 

The  dreamer's  soul !    I  feel  myself  depart 

From  Life's  dim  land.    Enchantress  as  thou  art. 

Oh  !  that  thy  magic  spells  could  last  for  ever ! 

But  bliss  eternal  owns  no  mortal  giver ; — 

The  song  hath  ceased !    I  wake  with  sudden  start 

Like  one  half-sleeping  on  a  murmuring  river. 

When  the  bark  strikes  the  shore  : — the  trance  is  broken ! 

Hark  !  sweeter  sounds  than  aught  e'er  song  or  spoken 
Like  floral  fragrance  from  a  breeze-stirred  bower 
Float  on  the  ravished  atmosphere  again ! 
Oh !  exquisite  excess !    Oh  !  tones  too  sweet 
For  mortal  ear  with  tranquil  nerve  to  meet, 
The  sense  is  almost  troubled  with  your  power ! 

Yet  cease  not — cease  not — rain  upon  my  heart. 
Ye  showers  of  song,  and  drown  each  thought  in  bliss 
As  wild  and  wanton  as  the  first  sweet  kiss 
Wakes  in  the  lover's  brain ! 

As  glad  birds  dart 
Through  earth's  dull  mist,  and  cleaving  sunnier  air 
Send  down  their  liquid  notes  from  fields  of  light. 
So  thou,  fair  minstrel !  seem'st  from  regions  bright 
To  breathe  celestial  hymns  !    Thy  music  rare 
Like  matin  songs  that  cheer  departing  night. 
While  charm'd  Aurora  stealeth  o'er  the  height 
Of  orient  hills,  would  chase  the  hideous  gloom 
Of  desolate  hearts  wild-struggling  with  despair. 
And  frightened  Hope  recall. 

More  sweet  than  bloom 
Of  vernal  bowers  to  desert- wearied  eyes, 
And  sweeter  than  the  sudden  sound  of  streams 
That  sun-parched  wanderers  hear  with  glad  surprize, 
Is  thy  melodious  magic  to  the  breast, 
That  care  hath  haunted  with  her  cloud-like  dreams, 
Or  passion  stirred  to  madness.    Peace  and  rest 
Wait  on  thy  voice,  thus  potent  as  a  word 
From  sacred  lips,  when  earthly  hopes  decline  ; 
Or  as  those  visionary  notes  divine 
Rapt  Mirza  on  the  hills  of  Bagdat  heard  ! 


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1  833.] 


Poetry. 


THE  GLASS  OF  CHAMPAGNE. 

Les  douces  lois  sont  les  plus  fortes ; 
L'avenir  n'est  plus  incertain. 

J'admire  *   *   *  luim£me, 

Aprils  deux  coups  de  Chambertin. — De  Berangbr. 

Let  him  fly,  let  him  fly !  what  care  tee  for  Time's  pinions  ? 

They  life  most  enjoy,  who  least  fetter  his  flight ; 
Let  him  rule  as  he  likes  in  his  daylight  dominions. 

So  we,  jolly  boys,  sway  his  sceptre  by  night. 
The  lot  of  humanity  care  is  and  sorrow, 

Yet  Nature  some  anodyne  brings  in  her  train ; 
As  to-day  gives  us  thorns,  and  red  roses  the  morrow. 

So  evening  morn's  storm-clouds  dispells  with  Champagne. 

Are  we  young  ?  what  is  Youth  when  its  hours  are  upreckon'd  ? 

The  space  which  life's  sunshine  can  dial  no  more ! 
Are  we  old  ?  let  not  Age  lose  of  pleasure  one  second, — 

Tis  vain  to  repine  when  those  seconds  are  o'er ! 
For  sweet  is  each  moment  to  Friendship  that  binds  us. 

As  blushes  the  goblet  again  and  again  ; 
E'en  listless  Ennui  sighs  no  more  when  he  finds  us 

In  right  merry  cue,  from  a  glass  of  Champagne. 

There  is  music  and  mirth,  and  the  loud  laugh  of  gladness. 

And  Pleasure  is  leading  the  light  dance  along ; 
Tis  wine  that  bids  vanish  the  shadows  of  sadness, 

Tis  wine  that  enlivens  the  troubadour's  song. 
The  dullest  of  eyes  'neath  its  influence  brighten. 

It  cheers  the  lone  exile  afar  o'er  the  main  ; 
Despair's  mental  burthen  what  spell  most  can  lighten  ? 

The  God-gill  of  Ay,  bright,  sparkling  Champagne. 

Nor  less,  where  the  magic  of  Beauty  is  weaving 

Her  love-chains  around  us,  is  Bacchus  our  friend ; 
Let  him  say  what  he  will,  there  is  no  disbelieving,* 

So  closely  with  fiction  truth  sometimes  will  blend. 
Then,  whether  the  Venus  of  village  or  city, 

To  friendship,  wine,  beauty  the  bumper  we'll  drain: — 
There 's  nothing  on  earth  makes  a  woman  so  witty. 

So  pretty,  so  kind,  as  a  glass  of  Champagne ! 
January  26,  1835.  Henry  Bbandrbtb. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


THE  following  poem  is  the  production  of  Thomas  Tyrwhitt,  the  celebrated 
scholar.  It  was  printed  the  same  year  as  Mason's  Lament  of  Isis,  and  War- 
ton's  Poem :  Warton  alludes  to  it  in  his  Triumph  of  Isis  (though  it  is  not 
noticed  by  Mr.  Mant,  the  editor),  and  his  character  of  Dr.  King  is  opposed  to 
that  of  Tyrwhitt.   The  poem  is  very  scarce  :— 

AN  EPISTLE  TO  FLORIO  AT  OXFORD. 
41  Si  quid  mea  carmina  posannt." — Virg. 
Lonfen,  1749.  4to.. 

•Tis  true,  my  friend,  what  busy  fame  lias  told, 
My  Oxford  tenets  I  no  longer  hold ; 
Broke  from  the  slavish  bond  of  lineal  right, 

I  bow  to  Liberty's  celestial  light.   

*  In  vino  Veritas. 

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RetsoBtcctiVEr  RbvIew. 


But  yet,  tho'  changed  I  seek  by  different  schemes 

My  Coustry's  good  and  seem  our  former  dreamt, 

To  tliee  and  friendship  1  am  still  the  same, 

And  bright  as  ever  burns  the  sacred  flame. 

Had  is  the  cause  which  Florio  can't  defend, 

The  reasoning  weak,  which  can't  convince  a  friend ; 

What  is  this  shame  of  change  you  bid  me  fear, 

Is  it  the  knave's  reproach,  or  coxcomb's  sneer  ? 

Or  lies  which  malice  will  repeat  in  vam, 

A  fear  of  danger  and  a  hope  of  gain  ? 

Such  hopes  and  fears,  mean  motives  t  I  disclaim, 

And  conscious  of  no  guilt,  can  fed  no  shame. 

Too  long  these  empty  phantoms  have  supprest 
Truth's  sacred  dictates  rising  in  my  breast. 
When  ev'n  amidst  our  joys,  and  met  with  wine, 
I  felt  the  glimmering  of  her  ray  divine ; 
Such  as  on  Thames's  banks,  in  Eton's  shade, 
We  both  once  heard  the  heaven-instructed  maid. 
Pleas'  d  at  her  call  thro'  Learning's  maze  to  stray, 
When  Halifax  and  Sandwich  led  the  way ; 
Now  dropt  the  tender  tear  on  Brutus'  hearse, 
Now  rais'd  to  George  and  Liberty  the  verse. 
The  sad,  the  truly  shameful  change  you  know, 
When  first  we  bow'd  to  freedom's  exil'd  foe, 
Led  by  false  teachers,  by  ourselves  betray' d, 
By  fancied  light  and  weak  compassion  sway'd  ; 
For  oft-exploded  lies  we  quitted  truth, 
For  faction's  guilty  cares,  the  joys  of  youth. 
Say,  if  thy  conscious  mind  unmov'd  recalls 
Our  noonday  riots  and  our  midnight  brawls ; 
How  thy  chaste  lips  with  foulest  slanders  rung. 
How  treason  thundered  from  thy  tuneful  tongue  ; 
Inflam'd  with  party-rage  and  hot  with  wine, 
What  ties  restrain'd  us,  social  or  divine  ? 
When  did  we  spare  to  brand  the  spotless  name  ? 
The  stateman's  virtue,  or  the  warrior's  fame  ? 
Insult  those  laws,  which  screen' d  us  from  our  fate, 
And  curse  the  godlike  father  of  our  state  ? 
Here  would  I  stop — for  sure  thy  youthful  heart, 
Repentant  owns  the  vile  unworthy  part ; 
But  truth  and  friendship  urge  me  to  proceed, 
And  wound  thy  memory  with  thy  blackest  deed. 
Alas!  what  madness  then  my  soul  posses t, 
What  wild  obdurate  phrenzy  steel' d  thy  breast, 
When  in  the  face  of  heaven's  offended  power, 
By  him,  by  every  hope  of  joy  we  ft  wore, 
What  ? — to  support  the  throne  we  wished  to  shake, 
And  guard  the  government  we  strove  to  break. 
What  then,  what  check'd  the  Thunderer's  vengeful  band, 
His  power  despis'd,  his  deity  profaned. 
While  thus  to  treason  perjury  we  join'd, 
And  prostituted  God  to  cheat  mankind  ? 
In  vain  you  plead,  with  guilt's  evasive  art, 
"  A  different  language  of  the  tongue  and  heart.'1 
Or  in  a  gayer  mood  and  smiling,  cry, 
"  Our  learned  doctors  swear,  and  why  not  1  ■?" 
Shall  Isis  teach  in  this  enlighten'd  age 
A  fraud  exploded  by  a  Heathen  stage  ? 
Shall  right  and  wrong  change  with  a  pedant's  whine, 
Or  reverend  sinners  sanctify  a  crime  ? 
Tho'  they  perhaps  pursue  a  safer  road. 
And  hold  sin  lawful  in  the  cause  of  good, 
lnspir'd  by  Romish  real,  the  apostate  train 
Can  taste  no  joy  till  Rome's  weak  bigot  reign. 


1836.]  Tyrwhitt'9  Epistle  ta  Fkrio  at  Oxford.  W 

Mitres  and  lawns  their  priestly  passions  raise,  >j 
While  the  good  Pontiff  feeds  the  pious  blase, 
To  each  blind  Swiss  his  blank  commission  gives, 
And  sanctifies  at  once  their  past  and  future  lives. 
Such  axe  perhaps  thy  guides,  bat,  O  !  beware, 
Small  are  thy  merits  from  the  papal  chair  ; 
Tho'  factious  priests  are  sav'd  by  Mother  Church, 
They  leave  th'  unholy  layman  in  the  lurch. 

What  various  ills  from  blind  Obedience  springs, 
Th'  unwarrantable  claim  of  Popes  and  Kings. 
'Tis  this  that  checks  the  soul's  inspiring  aim, 
Unnerves  her  strength  and  damps  her  heavenly  flame  ; 
'Tis  this  supports  triumphant  Falsehood's  reign, 
WTiile  Truth  subjected  feels  her  galling  chain ; 
'Twas  this,  my  friend,  (or  say  what  other  power 
Subdued  our  minds  on  that  ill-omened  hour  ?) 
This  taught  us  first  with  reverential  dread 
To  ask  no  proof  of  what  the  Master  said, 
His  motley  systems  blindly  to  receive, 
Unquestioned  hear  and  unconvinc'd  believe ; 
All  that  before  in  Filmer't  hellish  page 
To  slavery  bent  a  loose  degenerate  age ; 
Or  what  from  sacred  store  of  ancient  tales, 
Mysterious  Carte  in  weekly  sheets  retails  j 
Proves  both  the  Druid  and  the  King  divine, 
And  hymns  the  wonders  of  the  favourite  line, 
Where  heaven's  own  seal  attests  the  authentic  grant 
Which  join'd  in  one  the  monarch  and  the  saint. 
Then  grieve  not,  Charles,  thy  fruitless  labours  crost, 
A  safe  unshaken  throne  you  still  may  boast. 
To  Brunuwick  leave  a  rescued  nation's  care : 
Do  thou  with  pious  trust  and  monkish  prayer 
Thy  healing  virtues  to  the  world  make  known, 
And  for  an  earthly  seek  an  heavenly  crown. 
Thy  Rome  with  joy  shall  ope  the  blest  abodes, 
And  add  one  Stuart  to  her  thousand  gods ; 
Thy  Oxford,  too,  shall  rear  the  sainted  shrine, 
And  ev'n  the  Martyr's  tomb  be  less  rever'd  than  thine ! 
Still  do  I  see  the  hoary  plaid-girt  seer 
(A  crowd  surrounding  with  attentive  ear) 
Unfold  how  monarchy  from  heaven  began, 
Who  made  a  king  when  first  he  made  a  man ; 
A  king  compell'd  a  numerous  race  to  rear 
Of  sons  enslaved  to  one  predestin'd  heir  ; 
That  happy  one  to  power  imperial  born, 
The  rest  to  slavery,  poverty,  and  scorn. 
From  hence  we  trace  the  list  of  royal  names, 
From  haughty  Nimrod  down  to  exil'd  James ; 
From  hence  the  right  inherent  we  derive 
Which  birth  bestows,  but  virtue  ne'er  can  give. 
Th'  exclusive  right  to  those  choice  souls  connn'd, 
By  God  appointed  Sovereigns  of  their  kind. 
Their's  is — the  race  of  man  to  save  or  slay, 
— Ye  sons  of  freedom  tremble  and  obey. 
So  large  the  power,  so  undescrv'dly  given, 
Who  but  must  own  them  favorites  of  heaven  ? 
While  such-like  systems  all  our  souls  engage, 
Scorn 'd  all  the  studies  of  our  happier  age. 
No  more  we  hear  immortal  Homer* »  song, 
Or  tyrants  foiled  by  7W/y»*  powerful  tongue ; 
No  more  we  glow  with  all  that  Cato  thought, 
That  Freedom  dictated  and  Lucan  wrote; 
WThate'er  old  Greece  to  virtuous  actions  fir'd 
Whate'er  the  glorious  sons  of  Rome  inspir'd, 


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Retrospective  Review. 


Delights  no  more  ;  the  visionary  schemes 

Of  monks  succeed  to  Plato's  golden  dreams  : 

Dull  cloister' d  drones,  with  minds  untaught  to  prove 

The  hero's  rapture,  or  the  patriot's  lore. 

Prompt  to  deform  their  wise  Creator's  plan, 

And  sell  the  first  best  gift  of  God  to  man. 

By  these  convinced  that  Nature  meant  us  slaves, 

No  more  our  breast  with  public  spirit  heaves, 

Restless  we  burn  to  feel  our  fated  woes, 

And  join  the  mongrel  schemes  of  Freedom's  foes; 

By  passive  doctrines  to  rebellion  driven, 

And  taught  by  Perjury  to  merit  heaven ! 

Though  oft  to  win  the  brave  unwary  heart. 

Foul  faction  knows  to  play  the  patriot's  part. 

*Tis  thus  Mezentiut*,  haughty,  bold,  and  loud, 

With  stoic  raptures  awes  the  admiring  crowd. 

Virtue  and  Britain  are  his  pompous  themes, — 

Revenge,  just  Jove  !  the  violated  names. 

What  ?  was  it  virtue  arm'd  thy  daring  hand, 

To  deal  rebellious  slander  through  the  land  ? 

Was  it  thy  boasted  zeal  for  Britain's  cause, 

Reviled  her  monarch  and  despi  sed  her  laws  ? 

In  tender  minds  perverted  growing  truth, 

And  fill'd  her  prisons  with  corrupted  youth  ? 

If  such  thy  merit,  who  can  grudge  thy  praise  ? 

Go  on,  vain  man,  thy  empty  trophies  raise ; 

Still  in  a  schoolboy's  labours  waste  thine  age, 

In  fulsome  flattery  or  in  pointless  rage. 

Still  talk  of  Virtue  which  you  never  knew, 

Still  slander  all  to  her  and  Freedom  true — 

Though  crowded  theatres  with  Ios  shook, 

And  shouting  Faction  hail'd  her  hero's  joke. 

Who  but  must  scorn  applause  which  K —  —  receives  ? 

Who  but  must  laugh  at  praise  which  Oxford  gives  ? 

Ungrateful  Oxford  I  was  it  then  in  vain, 
When  grieved  you  sunk  beneath  a  tyrant's  chain ; 
In  vain  did  Nassau  use  his  patriot  cares, 
Redress  thy  wrongs,  and  banish  all  thy  fears  ? 
Still  dost  thou  wayward  court  this  hateful  race, 
Foes  to  thy  rights  and  to  thy  country's  peace ; 
Still  dost  thou  thwart  a  grateful  people's  oho  ice, 
And  damp  by  Factious  feuds  the  public  joys  ? 
While  George's  title's  by  rank  foes  confest, 
And  haughty  France  deserts  her  vagrant  guest; 
Sends  him  to  strut  an  empty  Polish  lord, 
Or  for  the  crosier  change  perhaps  the  sword. 
While  peace  o'er  Europe's  utmost  confines  reigns, 
And  sheds  her  choicest  gifts  on  Albion's  plains; 
While  to  remotest  ports  our  sails  we  send, 
Secure  to  meet  in  every  port  a  friend  ; 
Rever'd  abroad,  at  home  rich,  happy,  free, 
Shall  England  find  her  only  foe  in  thee  ? 
Forbid  it  Heaven  1  oh  !  cease  the  impious  war, 
If  not  to  reason,  listen  to  despair. 
Tempt  not  thy  injured  country's  rage  alone. 
But  own  the  monarch  Jove  and  Britain  own. 
Thy  sister  see  1  her  brighter  glories  raise, 
And  court  by  worthiest  acts  her  sovereign's  praise. 


•  Dr.  W.  King,  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  Hall.  A  curious  copy  of  his  Latin  Or*, 
tions  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Mitrbrd ;  containing;  some  sheets  of  very  learned  and 
Bevere  strictures,  in  MS.  on  King's  Latinity.  Were  these  by  Bowyer  the  printer  ? 
V.  Encyclop.  Britan.  art.  Bowyer,  by  Dr.  8qvire,  of  Cambridge.  See  King's  Anec- 
dotes, p.  154. 


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Tyrwhitt's  Epistle  to  Florio  at  Oxford. 

'Tis  her's  the  generous  ardour  to  impart, 
Which  guides  to  noblest  aims  the  human  heart. 
Each  grace  of  social  virtue  to  inspire, 
And  nil  the  British  youth  with  Roman  fire. 
Her  sons  exult  beneath  her  fostering  wings, 
And  here  a  Whitehead,  there  a  Mason  sings. 
While  thine— (may  fame  the  hateful  truth  conceal, 
And  black  oblivion  whelm  the  guilty  tale) — 
Thy  slavish  race  no  charms  of  virtue  move, 
Estrang'd  by  poisonous  arts  from  Freedom's  love, 
Lost  to  their  God,  their  country,  and  their  king  ; 
To  science  lost — their  joys  from  riot  spring, 
O'er  the  full  bowl  their  factious  zeal  they  boast, 
Slander  their  wit,  and  slavery  their  toast. 
To  their  wild  shouts  thy  towers  responsive  roar, 
The  Graces  droop,  the  Muses  quit  the  shore. 
What  Grace  the  sons  of  Treason  can  adorn  ? 
What  Muse  but  flies  the  slavish  breast  with  scorn? 
But  thou,  to  whom  belong  these  artless  lays, 
Thou  dear  companion  of  my  earliest  days : 
Oh !  view  with  friendly  eye  thy  once-lov'd  youth, 
Fir'd  in  the  cause  of  Liberty  and  truth. 
If  nobly  warm'd  by  freedom's  native  seal. 
From  faction's  odious  face  he  tears  the  veil. 
If  the  rough  verse  too  harsh  resentment  shew?, 
Oh  !  think  what  ardour  in  his  bosom  glows. 
Think  to  what  glorious  point  his  labours  tend — 
The  welfare  of  his  country  and  his  friend. 

For  her,  for  thee,  my  breast  alternate  feels. 
While  searching  thought  each  future  woe  reveals. 
Now  sees  thee  pensive  in  the  gloomy  cell, 
Where  black  despair  and  broken  faction  dwell  ; 
Now  by  misguided  zeal  incens'd  to  war, 
Against  thy  country  shake  thy  rebel  spear ; 
Ever  to  Britain  useless  or  abhorr'd, 
Thy  ease  inglorious  and  accurs'd  thy  sword. 
Sad  state  of  freedom's  foes  1 — but  turn  thine  eyes, 
And  see  in  virtuous  pomp  her  heroes  rise. 
See  Locke  for  her  unfold  his  sacred  page, 
See  Hampden  stem  a  monarch's  lawless  rage  ; 
See  gallant  Sidney  bleeding  in  her  cause  ; 
See  every  fearless  champion  of  her  laws, 
Whom  Albion's  latest  annals  shall  record. 
Guarding  her  peace,  or  brandishing  her  sword. 
Whoe'er  their  country's  sacred  rights  upheld, 
Undaunted  in  the  senate  or  the  field, 
Each  care,  each  toil  for  liberty  sustain'd, 
By  William  rescued,  and  by  George  maintain'd. 
Fir'd  by  the  glorious  scene,  awake,  my  friend  I 
Let  thy  long  dream  of  guilty  errors  end. 
Oh !  fly  yon  walls  !  where  learned  folly  reigns, 
Where  vice  and  faction  lead  their  thoughtless  trains. 

To  thy  own  shades,  to  groves  repair, 

The  muse  attendant  shall  await  thee  there, 
There  while  no  prejudice  our  reason  blinds, 
No  wine  beguiles,  no  reverend  teacher  binds ; 
While  no  rude  clamours  rend  the  peaceful  skies, 
Silent  we'll  hear  our  parent  Nature's  voice. 
With  pious  awe  explore  her  beauteous  plan, 
Hut  chief  our  own,  our  proper  province,  man 
Impartial  seek  whence  law  and  order  came, 
What  secret  ties  cement  the  social  frame ; 
Whence  kings  derive  their  delegated  sway, 
What  taught  the  powerful  many  to  obey  ? 


600 


Retrospective  Review. 


The  force  of  one,  or  interest  of  all, 
The  sovereign  will  of  Heav'n,  or  Reason*!  call. 

Let  savage  India  view  with  wond'ring  eyes, 
Her  mortal  gods,  the  children  of  the  skies  ; 
Let  artful  priests  repeat  the  slavish  tale 
Or  in  the  Gallic,  or  Cam  pan  i  an  vale; 
Not  bo  oar  hardy  sires  to  empire  bowed. 
Reason  their  guide,  their  end  the  public  good. 
For  this  the  man  in  arms  or  arts  renown' d, 
Grateful  they  honoured,  and  for  this  they  crown'd. 
On  one  the  burthen  of  the  whole  was  laid, 
And  for  protection  given  allegiance  paid. 
F'  this  great  end  (his  course  of  virtue  run, 
\v  uen  the  good  monarch  left  the  vacant  throne) 
That  jarring  pride  and  civil  strife  might  cease, 
They  bade  the  son  should  fill  the  father's  place, 
Nor  dreamt  of  right  inherent  in  the  race. 
No  priest  as  yet  the  flattering  tale  had  coin'd, 
That  Heaven  the  many  for  the  few  design'd  ; 
Nor  sigh'd  their  kings  by  wild  ambition  led, 
To  barter  filial  love  for  slavish  dread. 
Ah  t  how  unlike  the  future  sons  of  power, 
Intent  the  land  that  rais'd  them  to  devour. 
While  lost  all  thoughts  of  mutual  ties,  the  throne 
Is  fill' d  by  vast  Prerogative  alone. 
Like  Homer's  Discord,  see  the  monster  rise, 
Sprung  from  the  earth,  yet  soaring  to  the  skies. 
Her  to  repress,  and  break  a  nation's  chains, 
Our  gallant  fathers  rose ;  on  bloody  plains 
Oft  their  confederate  banners  they  displayed, 
And  shook  their  tyrant  on  his  throne  with  dread. 
Genius  of  Britain  !  oft  hast  thou  beheld 
Thy  warriors  toiling  in  the  well-fought  field ; 
Oft  has  fair  Liberty  fulfill'd  their  vows, 
And  twin'd  her  laurels  round  their  conquering  brows. 
Illustrious  chiefs !  by  whose  successful  sword 
Britannia  bends  beneath  no  private  lord. 
Fix'd  by  whose  arms  th*  eternal  barriers  stand, 
An  equal  empire  rules  the  happy  land. 
Her  people  free,  her  monarch  truly  great, 
Proud  to  be  stiled  first  subject  of  her  state. 

To  guard  that  state  by  birth  and  fortune  chose, 
No  more  let  Florio  rank  among  her  foes. 
Born  for  the  good  of  Britain  and  mankind, 
To  that  great  task,  oh  !  turn  thy  generous  mind  ; 
To  that  great  task,  the  country  of  thy  sires 
Thee  loudly  calls  :  oh  !  hear  her  just  desires. 
In  Albion's  councils  take  the  proffer' d  share, 
Nor  shun  the  glorious  weight  of  public  care. 
There  let  her  «ee  thee, — faithful  to  her  cause, 
From  Faction's  insults  vindicate  her  laws  ; 
Let  her  with  transport  see  each  favourite  son 
Of  former  ages  by  thy  praise  undone, 
W  hile  ever  mindful  of  the  sacred  trust. 
True  to  thy  king,  and  to  thy  country  just, 
The  rights  of  both  you  guard  with  steady  heart, 
And  to  the  statesman's  join  the  patriot's  part. 
Then  shall  thy  friend  (nor  thou  refuse  his  claim) 
With  humble  pride  partake  thy  growing  fame ; 
Happy,  that  not  in  loose  inglorious  strains 
He  sang  of  cruel  nymphs,  or  love-sick  swains. 
But  early  taught  the  generous  warmth  to  feel, 
Pour'd  forth  his  honest  song  for  England**  weal, 
Set  tainted  youth  from  slavish  error  free. 
And  gave  to  Britain  such  a  son  as  thee  I 

5 

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REVIElW  OF  NEW  PUBtlC^I^NS. 


J  '-.-IT  *  •  ♦  1 


CWper'a  Works.    By  Rev.  T.  S.  Grim-  Grimshawe  wants  to'  know  why  the 

shawe.    Vol.  V.  Botanic  Garden  went  off  flower,  he 

*  Revenons  a  nos  moutons  :'  we  had  better  walk  into  it,  and  he  will 

must  see  Cowper  once  more,  ere  we  6«e  »  and  so  we  wish  him  a  pleasant 

part.  stroll,  and  a  good  appetite. 

P.  8.  Mr.  Grimshawe  is  most  perti-  52.  As  Mr.  Grimshawe  does  not 

nacious  in  giving  his  opinion  about  write  notes  when  they  are  wanted,  he 

Homer  and  his  translators,  of  whom  favours  us  occasionally  when  there 

and  their  respective  merits  and  defects  seems  no  pressing  necessity.  The  pre- 

he  knows  little  more  than  his  parish  Bent  »3  not  on*y  unnecessary,  but  in- 

clerk.    "  It  was,"  he  says,  "  this  ac-  correct,  for  Dr.  Darwin  was  serious 

Icnowledgcd  defect  in  Pope,  that  led  about  his  ice-boats,  ai^d  not  humorous, 

Cowper  to  engage  in  his  laborious  un-  05  Mr.  Grimshawe  asserts, 

dertakiog  of  producing  a  new  version."  P.  63.  Abbot  was  not  an  excellent 

Now  we  deny  this.    We  deny  that  painter;  but  he  lived  in  a  time  of 

Pope's  rhyme  is  an  acknowledged  dc-  dearth,  before  the  star  of  Lawrence 

feet.    By  whom  is  it  acknowledged?  rose.     He  was  a  respectable  man. 

We  know  some  eminent  scholars  who  resided  near  Bedford -square ;  and  had 

adhere  strongly  to  the  opinion  that  ft  fair  share  of  the  business  of  the 

the  rhyming  heroic  couplet,  varied  by  day. 

triplets,  and  by  pauses  running  one  P.  68.  "  Here  we  are  in  the  most 
into  another,  would  best  represent  the  elegant  mansion  that  I  ever  inhabited." 
Homeric  style.  However  that  may  Hay  ley 's  liouse  at  Eartham  was  height- 
be.  Pope  did  rightly  in  translating  ened  into  elegance  by  the  affectionate 
Homer  into  rhyme;  for  Aw  blank  feelings  of  the  poet;  but  in  truth  it 
verse,  had  he  attempted  it,  would  had  no  pretensions  to  the  name.  It 
have  been  portentous.  Again,  we  tell  was  formed  of  lath  and  plaster,  rough- 
Mr.  Grimshawe  it  was  Mr.  Pope's  cast ;  the  rooms  small  and  very  badly 
leaf-gold,  and  tinsel,  and  varnish,  and  situated,  having  an  abrupt  and  steep 
focus,  that  spoiled  his  translation,  not  hill  rising  close  before  the  windows, 
his  rhyme.  There  was  a  translation  and  shutting  out  all  the  prospect.  On 
in  blank  verse,  before  Cowper's.  the  other  side  it  opened  on  the  village. 

P.  29.  Who  is  poet  three  stars  ?—  The  view  from  the  summit  of  the  hill 

Mr.  Grimshawe  is  silent.    Is  it  Peter  is  fine,  extending  to  the  sea-coast  over 

Pindar  that  is  meant?  we  presume  so.  Bognor  and   Hampton,   with  Lady 

P.  49-  "  We  do  not  think,"  saith  New  burgh's  oak  and  beech  woods  on 

Jvlr.  Grimshawe,  *'  that  the  Botanic  the  left.    The  soil  is  chalk,  and  there 

Garden  ever  fully  maintained  its  former  is  bo  water.    Mr.  Huskisson  much 

estimation  after  the  keen  attic  wit  of  improved  the  house,  but  left  it  of  the 

Mr.  Canning,  though  the  concluding  same  materials.    Cowper's  description 

lines  of  Cowper  seem  to  promise  per-  of '  elegant '  would  apply  appropriately 

petuity  to  its  fame."    Mr.  Canning  to    Lady  Newburgh's  neighbouring 

might  just  as  well  have  attempted  to  seat. 

have  written  down  •  Paradise  Lost,'  P.  84.  The  Adamo  of  Andreini. 
as  '  the  Botanic  Garden,'  if  the  Botanic  "  This  is  one  of  those  scarce  and  cu- 
Garden  had  had  any  vitality  in  it;  but  it  rious  books  which  is  not  to  be  pro- 
was  not  an  evergreen  garden,  and  so  cured  without  difficulty" — and  so  we 
it  speedily  decayed.  If  satirists  could  presume  Mr.  Grimshawe  never  saw 
write  down  poets  as  they  please,  the  it.  Now  there  happen  to  be  two 
blockheads  would  have  a  fine  time  of  editions  of  this  book  ;  and  both  these 
it ;  but  these  satiric  guns  generally  editions  are  on  our  table  at  this 
miss  their  aim,  and  posh  those  up  moment.  Milton  was  as  much  in- 
they  meant  to  send  downwards.  As  debted  to  Andreini  for  Parn  lisc  Lost, 
old  Bcntlcy  said,  "  No  one  is  written  as  Shakspeare  was  to  Saxo- Grain- 
down  except  bv  himself."  If  Mr.  maticus  for  Hamlet.  It  is  mighty 
6«n-t.  Mag.  Vol.  IV.  *  " 


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tjU^  Khvikw  —  Coicjxr'i;  Hrurkt. 

easy  to  talk  of  borrowing  ;  hut  neither 
Saxo  nor  Andreini  had  wherewithal  to 
lend. 

P.  133.  "  We  have  not  Ik  i  n  :ible  to 
discover  this  epitaph  (on  dud.  Maza- 
rini),  nor  does  it  appear  that  it  was 
ever  translated  by  Cowper."  So  says 
Mr.  Grimshawe ; 

Oh !  Penny  Magaiine  J 

And  you  little  penny  Hrou  h'm  ! 
You  have  swept  very  ch  >n 

All  the  learning  from  the  room, 
Oh!  little  penny  Ps-oom  ! 

We  will  now  say  something  on  this 
subject.  '  Mazarini  had  many  i  pitaphs 
and  more  deadly  satires  on  him.  than 
perhaps  any  minister.   It  is  said  in  the 
Bibl.  Colbert,  that  there  are  forty- 
six  thick  volumes  of  Mazarinades :  but 
this  collection  is  smull  compared  with 
another,  of  one  hundred  and  forty,  in 
theBibliotheo,ueofthetownofChartres. 
The  town-hall  of  Paris  possesses  two 
volumes  of  Chansonettes   n  the  same. 
Scarron  wrote  a  Mazari  ade — an  in- 
vective :  but  the  per  on  who  most  dis- 
tinguished his  biting         was  Blot, 
the  gentilhomme  of  the  I.);  ke  of  Or- 
leans.   He  seems  to  h.'.vc  1  id  his  sa- 
tirical couplets  at  all  tiui. in  hand. 
Two  of  his  epitaphs  on  tK  minister, 
then  not  in  his  tombeau,  a;e  i-t  Chau- 
don's  Diet.  Universel,  arr.  Mazarin. 
The  following  is  one.    As  is  well 
known,  Mazarin's  Christian  name  was 
Juliu3. 

Creusons  un  tombevi, 

A  qui  vous  perse  e^e, 
Qt:e  le  jour  sera  bev.i, 

Que  verra  cetfe  C  hute. 
Pour  ce  Jule  uouvcau 

Cherchons  un  nouveau  Brute! 

This  is  severe,  clever,  and  pungent 
enough  :  but  it  cannot  be  the  epitaph 
to  which  Cowper  alludes,  as  he  was 
not  likely  to  know  anything  about 
Mons.  Blot.  If  there  is  an  epitaph 
by  St.  Evremond,  or  perhaps  by  Vol- 
taire, it  may  be  to  that  that  Cowper 
alludes.  Perhaps  the  index  to  the 
Penny  Magazine  may  throw  some  light 
upon  it. 

Oh !  Penny  Magazine  ! 

And  you  penny  little  Brough'm  S 
Can  you  find  me  Mazarine 

In  your  little  barren  womb, 

Oh  !  little  penny  Pmora  I 


,  edited  6y  Gtiwshawc.  [Dec. 

P.  146.    "  Chapman's  Version  of 
Homer  is  now  obsolete,  and  rendered 
tedious  by  the  protracted  raeasuie  of 
its  syllables."    Which  of  Chapman's 
translations    does    Mr.  Grimshawe 
mean,  for  we  have  three  by  us.  all  by 
Chapman,  and  all  eutirely  different 
from  each  other  ;  and  as  to  the  merits 
of  Chapman,  we  know  from  whom  to 
take  our  estimate  of  them,  and  what 
has  been  said  of  him  from  the  days  of 
Puttenhara  to  the  present.    Mr.  Grtm- 
shawe  adds,  "  Pope  found  it  worthy 
his  particular  attention."    Of  Pope's 
attention  to  Chapman,  Mr.  Grimshawe 
cannot  know  much;  but  we  will  tell  him 
that  Pope's  own  copy  of  Chapman  is 
now  under  the  paper  on  which  we  are 
writing:  and  we  know  all  hi*  pencil 
marks,  references,  and  opinions,  with 
exactness.    In  his  own  beautiful  hand 
he  has  written  in  Latin  that  he  gave 
three  shillings  for  the  book — he  left  it 
to  Warburton,  who  gave  it  to  Thomas 
War  ton,  who  left  it  to  brother  Joe, 
from  whom  we  had  it.    Wc  have  also 
Pope's  copy  of  Tickell's  Horner,  in 
which  he  has  tickelled  him  up  a  little, 
and  made  him  dance. 

P.  191.  "  It  would  have  been  cu- 
rious to  have  contemplated  the  Poet  of 
Christianity,  and  the  Author  of  the 
celebrated  chapter  on  the  Decline  and 
Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  placed  in 
juxtaposition  with  each  other  !"  Con- 
templated !  juxtaposition  !  speaking  of 
two  gentlemen  invited  to  meet  each 
other  at  dinner.  Why  they  would 
have  behaved  as  all  other  gentlemen 
would,  not  talked  about  the  celebrated 
chapter,  nor  the  Tyrocinium ;  but 
about  the  weather  and"  Lady  Spenser's 
flower-garden,  *  et  quod  magis  ad  nos 
pertinet,  et  nescirc  malum  est' — but 
sooth,  it  was  a  foolish  invitation,  and 
wisely  declined.  We  have  never  felt 
much  pleasure  in  contemplating  tk*se 
juxtapositions !  we  had  rather  see  the 
great  man  in  his  solitaire  ! 

P.  205.  "This  failure  (of  Cowper 's 
Commentary  on  Milton)  seems  to  im- 
ply that  nature  designed  him  to  be  a 
poet."  Pray  mind  the  inference.  Cow- 
per's  failure  as  a  critic  of  poetry, 
implied  that  nature  designed  him  for 
a  poet.  Oh !  ye  thousand  and  one 
miserable  critics  who  pester  the  pub- 
lic ear  with  your  croaking.-?,  ye  wor- 
thy sons  of  Dennis  and  Theobald, 
shut  your  critical  jaws,  and  expand 


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1833.] 

your  poetical  win^s,  and  fly  away. 
"  For  it  will  generally  be  found,  that 
to  execute  with  ease  and  delight  is  the 
attribute  of  genius,  and  the  evidence 
of  natural  impulse  ;  and  that  slowness 
of  performance  indicates  the  want  of 
th'»se  powers  that  afford  the  promise 
and  oledge  of  success." 

What  a  mass  of  confusion  is  here 
heaped  together!  We  only  know  this, 
that  Cowper  had  a  very  fine  taste, 
an  exquhite  sensibility,  very  correct 
and  competent  learning,  and  if  they 
do  not  lie  at  the  bottom  of  good  criti- 
cism, we  do  not  know  what  does. 

P.  205.  "  Cowper's  translations  of 
Milton's  Latin  are  a  perfect  model  of 
beautiful  and  elegant  versification." 
We  do  not  think  so — we  think  his 
translations  good  only  in  parts  ;  we 
beg  to  refer  to  Dr.  Symmons'  Life  of 
Milton. 

P.  257.  "  It  seems  that  Milton's 
father  was  a  votary  of  the  muses,  and 
therefore  that  the  son  could  claim  the 
title  of  poet  by  hereditary  descent." 
The  9on  could  do  no  such  tiling  ;  for 
the  father  was  not  a  poet,  but  he  was 
skilled  in  music.  We  have  one  of  the 
books  (thanks  to  the  old  Norfolk  Vi- 
cars) in  which  his  compositions  are 
signed  J.  Milton.  It  is  the  Psalms  of 
David,  by  W.  S  1643,  12rao. 

P.  215.  Of  Mr.  Grirashawe's  poeti- 
cal taste,  take  the  following  specimen  : 
— "  A  popular  writer  paid  the  follow- 
ing eloquent  tribute  to  these  masterly 
specimens  of  professional  art : 

"  Yet  mark  each  willing  muse,  where 

Boydell  draws 
And  calls  the  sister  powers  in  Shakspeare*s 

cause  .- 

By  art  controlled,  the  fire  of  Reynold* 
breaks,  [speaks. 
And  Nature's  pathos  in  her  Northcote 
The  Grecian  forms  in  Hamilton  combine, 
Parrhassian  grace,  andZeuxis'  softest  line. 
There  Barry'*  learning  meet*  with  Rom- 
»ey'#  strength,  [lenyth. 
And  Smirke  pour  trays  Thalia  at  full 
Lo  !  Fuseli,  in  whose  tempestuous  soul, 
The  unnavigable  tides  qf  genius  roll ; 
Depicts  the  sulph'rous  nre.thesmould'ring 
light, 

The  bridge  chaotic  o'er  the  abyss  of  night, 
V»  ith  each  accursed  form  and  mystic  spell, 
And  singly  bears  up  all  the  fame  of  hell.** 

And  so  this  fustian  and  balderdash 
is  an  eloquent  tribute  !  Now  there  is 
not  a  tingle  line  that  is  not  nonsense 


603 

or  falsehood,  *  full  of  sound  and  fury/ 
and  to  the  accurate  ear  of  taste  and 
knowledge,  'signifying  nothing!' 

P.  319.  "  The  document  of  the  ac- 
count of  the  illness  of  the  Rev.  John 
Cowper,  is  now  extremely  scarce,  and 
not  accessible  but  through  private 
sources."  Now  this  is  so  far  from 
being  the  case,  that  (thanks  again  to 
the  good  Vicars'  care)  we  have  had  for 
years  on  our  shelves  a  little  common 
edition  of  it,  from  which  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe  has  only  given  an  extract. 

P.  347.  Cowper's  brother,  as  every 
one  knows,  was  engaged  in  an  edition 
of  Apollonius  Rhodius,  then  much 
wanted,  to  which  Mr.Grimsbawe  adds 
in  a  note,  "  The  subject  of  the  poem 
is  the  Argonautic  expedition  under 
Jason."  True,  so  it  is !  and  a  great 
pity  they  lost  Hylas.  Yet  again,  if  a 
man  will  wander  into  regions  with 
which  he  is  quite  unacquainted,  and 
make  remarks  on  the  inhabitants,  he 
must  take  the  consequences  of  his 
folly  and  presumption.  Yet  it  was  a 
pity  they  lost  Fly  las  ! — we  repeat,  a 
great  pity ! 

P.  380.  "  The  Editor  is  indebted  to 
the  Rev.  E.  H.  Barker  of  Thetford, 
for  the  following  anecdote."  Mr. 
Barker  is  a  disgrace  to  the  Church ; 
for  he  is  at  this  moment  sitting  in 
Chance ry> lane,  with  a  blue  coat  and 
gilt  buttons,  yellow  kerseymere  waist- 
coat, and  elegant  salmon-coloured  cor- 
doons,  passing  himself  off  as  a  lay- 
man. He  also  goes  about  town  leav- 
ing his  card,  E.  H.  Barker,  Esq.;  and 
though  we  have  known  him  many 
years,  and  highly  esteemed  him,  as 
all  do  who  have  the  pleasure  of  his 
acquaintance,  yet  he  has  kept  the 
secret  so  well,  that  till  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe  let  it  out,  we  never  knew  he 
had  been  ordained.  We  shall  insist 
on  a  '  suit  of  sables'  instanter  ! 

We  have  now  done  with  Mr.  Grim- 
shawe's  Cowper.  We  have  got  rid 
of  these  dabchicks  of  criticism  who 
keep  waddling  and  quacking  about 
the  Bedford  Level ;  and  lo  !  the  bright 
Swan  of  Keswick  appears  soaring 
high  aloft,  and  bearing  Cowper's  fame 
direct  to  Apollo  himself.  Our  wishes 
are  now  satisfied  :  now  we  can  say, 

44  Tu  earns  Latio,  memorque  gentis 
Carmen  fortior  exeris  rogatum." 


Rkvirw. — Cowper's  Works>  edited  by  Grintsltawe. 


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C04  Review.—  Arundell's  Discoveries  in  Asia  Minor.  [tex. 


Discoveries  in  Asia  Minor,  including  a 
description  of  several  ancient  Cities, 
and  especially  of  Anlioch  in  Pisidia. 
By  the  Rev.  F.  V.  G.  Arundell, 
British  Chaplain  at  Smyrna.   2  vols. 

THE  total  inaccuracy  of  the  maps 
which  accompany  the  Geography  of 
Ptolemy,  is  well  known :  although  the 
sites  of  the  ancient  cities  are  there  laid 
down  with  confidence,  and  though 
they  appear  in  the  chart  with  every 
apparent  mark  of  veracity,  yet  one 
unfortunate  circumstance  attends  the 
search  for  them  in  the  places  marked 
by  the  geographers — that  they  are  ge- 
nerally seen  a  few  hundred  miles  out 
of  their  places.  Now  in  the  central 
part  of  Asia  Minor,  looking  at  the 
wholeextentof  country  included  within 
hnes  drawn  from  Caesarea  to  Perga- 
mus,  thence  to  the  south  of  Carin, 
and  along  the  shores  of  Lycia,  Pam- 
phylia,  andCilicia,  what  is  the  amount 
of  the  geography  determined  within 
this  space  ?  How  little  is  known  com- 
pared with  what  yet  remains  to  be 
discovered?  The  value  of  Colonel 
Leake's  researches  is  well  known,  and 
Mr.  Arundell's  name  must  also  be 
added  to  those  who  have  deserved  well 
among  geographers  and  scholars.  M  r. 
Arundell  succeeded  in  discovering  the 
Lake  of  Anava,  between  Colossie  and 
Apamea,*  which  was  a  desideratum 
in  our  knowledge.  He  d  iscovered  the 
important  cities  of  Apamea  and  Saga- 
lassus,  and  by  the  discovery  of  a  river 
near  the  modern  Chonas,  he  almost,  if 
not  positively,  determined  the  ancient 
site  of  Colossa*.  In  the  present  jour- 
ney Mr.  Arundell's  hope  was  to  deter- 
mine the  site  of  Antioch  in  Pisidia, 
the  discovery  of  which,  as  Col.  Leake 
observed,   would  greatly  assist  the 


comparative  geography  of  all  the  ad- 
jacent country.  He  also  hoped  to 
find  the  remains  of  Lystra  and  Dcrbe. 
Now  we  will  give  an  account  of  Mr. 
Arundell's  success  in  his  own  words . 

*'  After  passing  over  a  very  interesting 
portion  of  the  Catacecaumene,f  and  ei- 
ploring  the  districts  of  many  extinct  voU 
canos,  they  found  in  the  ruins  which 
were  the  first  object  of  their  search,  the 
important  remains  of  an  ancient  town, 
which,  till  a  better  name  can  be  given  to 
it,  the  writer  will  call  Clanudda ;  but 
which,  from  the  innumerable  tombs  exca- 
vated in  the  calcareous  rock,  might  better 
be  named  Necropoli*.  Proceeding  through 
the  countries  lying  between  the  Hennus 
and  Marandcr,  they  found  the  probable 
vestiges  of  the  town  of  Eucorpia.  The 
sites  of  Eumenia  and  Apamea  were,  by 
the  discovery  of  inscriptions,  decidedly 
fixed,  beyo&d  further  doubt,  at  Jshekti 
and  Deenare.  Precisely  at  the  distance 
from  Apame*%  fixed  by  the  tables,  twenty- 
five  miles,  they  sought  for  and  discovered 
the  magnificent  remains  of  the  town  of 
s/poflonia,  or  as  named  in  the  inscrip- 
tions which  they  found  there,  Apollooia 
r£>  Avx/*j»  <9fsx£»  KoXo»«».  Not  the  least 
interesting  part  of  this  discovery  was  their 
meeting  with  a  colony  of  Greeks,  who 
had  lived  here  from  the  earliest  ages  of 
Christianity,  and  who,  though  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Archbishop  of  Pisidia, 
have  no  intercourse  whatever  with  any 
other  Christian  community  from  without, 
always  intermarrying  with  each  other. 
The  discovery  of  Apollonia  at  once  as- 
sured the  discovery  of  the  greater  object 
of  the  journey,  that  of  Antioch  of  Pisidia  t 
and  at  precisely  the  distance  from  Apol- 
lonia fixed  by  the  tables,  viz.  forty-five 
miles,  Me  svperb  remains  of  the  metropo- 
lis of  Pisidia  appeared  in  view.  The 
remains  consist  chiefly  of  prostrate  tem- 
ples, chambers,  and  between  twenty  and 
thirty  arches  of  the  most  magnificently 


*  What  does  Mr.  Arundel'  mean  by  two  large  trees  resembling  the  Bairn  of  Gilead, 
though  of  much  larger  growth,  near  Ishekli  ?  Is  it  the  '  Juniperus  Lycia,'  the  Lycian 
Cedar,  he  means  ?  if  not,  we  are  quite  at  a  loss. 

j  "  The  Catacccaumene,  or  district  of  gulrterranean  combustion,  was  so  named  in 
the  earliest  times.  Strabo  and  others  mention  it,  as  covered  with  volcanic  substances. 
The  volcanos  had  ceased  to  burn  before  his  day,  and  the  fable  of  Typhon  carries  up 
the  period  when  they  became  extinct  to  the  remotest  periods  of  mythological  tradition." 

X  When  Cicero  held  the  government  of  Cilicia,  which  included  Pisidia,  Pamphylia, 
&c.  he  resided  at  Apamea.  Apamea  is  one  of  the  few  cities  privileged  to  strike  the 
beautiful  and  curious  silver  medal  called  the  Cistophoree,  and  which  still  puzzles  the 
numismatist.  See  also  a  curious  Apamean  medal  of  the  Deluge,  in  Mr.  Arundell's 
vol.  i.  210.  There  is  a  box  or  ark  resting  on  the  waters ;  a  bird  with  a  branch  of  a 
tree  in  its  bill ;  another  sitting  in  the  ark,  a  man  and  a  woman  sitting  inside,  and  the 
word  NAE  written  underneath. 


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constructed  aqueduct  the  writer  ever  be- 
held.   From  hence,  having  coasted  nearly 
three  Fides  of  the  Lake  of  Eyerdir,  which 
is  in  circuit  at  least  one  hundred  miles, 
the  travellers  went  by  Isbarte  to  Sagalas- 
8HM*  collecting  some  further  notices  on 
the  magnificent  ruins  of  that  city  so  cele- 
brated for  the  siege  of  Alexander.  Thence 
they  went  in  pursuit  of  the  ruins  of  Selge, 
and  if  the  ruins  they  found  are  not  those 
of  that  important  city,  certainly  they  be- 
long to  a  city  of  very  considerable  im- 
portance.    It  was  the  wish  of  the  travel- 
lers to  have  gone  in  pursuit  of  Perga, 
Lystra,  and  Derbe,  but  the  entrance  of 
the  Egyptian  army  under  Ibrahim  Pacha.f 
into  Iconium,  and  the  passing  of  troops 
all  over  the  country,  made  it  imprudent 
to  seek  for  antiquities  at  the  risk  of  per- 
sonal safety.   They  therefore  returned  by 
Hour  dour,  and  thence  by  a  route  in  great 
part  new,  to  the  back  of  Chonas,  where 
by  the  examination  of  the  river  miscalled 
the  Lycus,  they  decidedly  fixed  the  proper 
situation  of  Colosste  at  Chonas.  Though 
the  journey  occupied  but  six  weeks,  yet 
the  distance  travelled  over  in  that  time 
could  not  be  less  than  a  thousand  miles, 
and  including  the  writer's  former  journey, 
the  new  ground,  hitherto  unknown  to  the 
European  traveller,  or  at  least  unpub- 
lished, will  not  be  much  less  than  six 
hundred  miles." 

Now  these  must  be  considered  very 
important,  as  authentic  additions  made 
to  our  geographical  knowledge.  They 
are  detailed  in  a  very  agreeable  and 
lively  manner,  and  they  arc  accom- 
panied with  much  collateral  informa- 
tion, and  illustrated  with  some  unpub- 
lished inscriptions. 


Journey  to  the  North  of  India  overland 
from  England,  through  Russia,  Prus- 
sia, and  Affyhaunistann.  By  Lieut. 
Arthur  Conolly.    2  vols. 

MR.  Conolly  is  a  person  of  acknow- 
ledged enterprize,  and  well  fitted  for 
encountering  and  overcoming  the  diffi- 
culties of  a  journey  through  such  law- 
less countries  as  he  had  to  pass.  Id- 
attad  of  pursuing  the  usual  route 


605 

through  Persia,  by  Ispahan  and  Shiraz, 
to  Busheer  and  the  Persian  Gulf,  which 
has  been  too  often  traversed  to  present 
much  novelty,  at  least  to  the  passing 
traveller,  he  chose  the  more  arduous 
and  dangerous,  but  far  more  interest- 
ing road  through  AtTghaunistaun,  by 
Meshed  and  Heraut,  and  Kandahar, 
till  he  reached  the  Indus  at  Khyrpoor. 
He  engaged  as  his  companion  Syud 
Karaumut  AUce,  a  verv  clever  and  gen- 
tlemanly native  of  (findoostan,  who 
had  resided  many  years  in  Persia,  and 
was  held  in  great  esteem  by  the  Eng- 
lish there,  and  to  whose  assistance  Mr. 
Conolly  was  indebted  for  having  com- 
pleted his  journey  with  safety.  Mr. 
Conolly  gives  the  same  favoutable  ac- 
count of  the  province  of  Mazenderaun 
that  other  travellers  had  done : — 

*  Our  journey  (he  says)  through  Ma- 
un  was  delightful.  It  is  a  pro- 
vince of  high  mountains,  which  are  clothed 
from  base  to  summit  with  the  forest  and 
fruit  trees  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Wild 
vines,  of  gigantic  growth,  twine  round  the 
large  trees,  and  drop  their  tendrils  from 
the  highest  branches.  The  walnut,  the 
mulberry,  the  pear,  and  the  pomegranate 
trees  were  in  profusion,  and  their  blos- 
soms were  in  beautiful  relief  to  the  dark 
foliage  of  the  forest  trees.  The  turf  was 
green  and  elastic,  and  covered  with  flow- 
ers. We  enjoyed  lovely  weather,  and  the 
fresh  air  was  always  perfumed  with  the 
scent  of  the  wild  rose  and  hawthorn.  The 
narrow  valleys  between  the  high  mountains 
are  cut  in  steps,  like  the  hanging  gardens 
of  Lahore.  Through  each  one  falls  a 
stream,  the  water  of  which  being  raised 
to  the  level  of  the  highest  step,  falls  suc- 
cessively upon  the  others  into  its  bed 
again  :  on  these  ridges  is  grown  rice,  the 
staple  food  of  the  people,  and  an  article  of 
considerable  export.  A  great  quantity  of 
coarse  sugar  is  also  grown  in  Mazanderaun 
and  exported,  and  the  province  is  famed 
for  the  manufacture  of  grass  cloths,  which 
are  taken  to  all  parts  of  Persia.  Though 
the  mulberry  tree  is  common,  the  silk- 
worm is  less  attended  to  than  in  the  adjoin- 
ing province  of  Ghtlan  ; — on  the  sides  and 


Review.— Conolly  *  Journey  to  the  North  oj  India. 


*  The  Siege  of  Sagalassus,  by  Alexander  the  Great,  is  described  in  iElian's  Tactica. 

t  When  Mr.  Arundell  gives  it  as  his  belief  "  that  Lady  Hester  Stanhope  could 
have  done  more  to  prevent  the  advance  of  Ibrahim  Pacha,  by  a  single  word  to  her 
subjects  of  the  Desert,  than  all  the  firmans  and  armies  of  Mahmoud,"  we  take  leave 
to  inform  him  that  his  authority  for  this  assertion  is  not  good.  We  do  not  believe 
Lady  Hester  could  have  stopped  a  single  musket,  or  have  smoothed  a  single  bristling 
•wstafhe. 


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606  Review. — Conolly't  Journey  to  the  North  of  India.  [Dec. 


crests  of  the  mountains,  wheat  and  barley 
are  partially  cultivated;  but  so  little  do 
the  people  use  the  former  grain,  that  it  is 
a  saying  among  other  Persians — "  An  un- 
ruly Mazanderaun  boy  threatens  his  mo- 
ther, that  if  his  wish  be  not  complied 
with,  he  wiU  go  into  Irak  and  eat  bread." 

Mr.  Conolly  travelled  under  the  cha- 
racter of  a  merchant,  and  the  Syud 
was  to  be  his  partner,  and  they  pur- 
chased for  the  Khiva  market,  red  silk 
scarfs,  furs,  pepper,  ginger,  and  other 
spices.  When  they  left  Astrabad,  they 
got  into  the  country  of  the  Toorkroans, 
of  whom  Mr.  Conolly  gives  an  inte- 
resting account  in  his  fourth  chapter. 
They  are  divided  into  several  tribes, 
who  are  first  met  with  on  the  river 
Goorgaun,  and  range  north  till  they 
meet  the  Arabian  tribes  and  the  Kirg- 
hiz. The  Toorkraans  are  classed  under 
the  heads  of  Chorwar  and  Choomoor, 
that  is,  rovers  and  settlers ;  the  first 
are  considered  to  be  in  proportion  of 
three  to  one  of  the  last.    The  Toork- 
mans  are  excessively  galling  and  dis- 
agreeable neighbours  to  the  Persians, 
as  may  be  supposed ;  but  the  weak- 
ness of  the  Persian  government  suffers 
that  which  with  energy  it  might  soon 
control,  and  rank  thcToorkmans  among 
their  useful  and  obedient  subjects. 
Mr.  Conolly's  residence  among  the 
Toorkmans  naturally  led  to  consider- 
ations on  the  views  of  Russia,  which 
have  been  so  much  talked  of,  with  re- 
gard to  establishing  a  settlement  at 
Khiva,  and  gaining  over  the  Toork- 
mans to  their  interest.    Moravieff,  the 
Russian  commander,  some  years  ago, 
talked  sanguinely  of  marching  to  cap- 
ture Khiva  and  revolutionize  Tartary 
with  three  thousand  men.    Mr.  Co- 
nolly considers  that  the  Russians  might 
march  a  proper  force  across  the  Desert 
to  Khiva,  and  possess  themselves  of  the 

{>lace,  which  is  not  a  strong  one ;  but 
le  thinks  they  could  not  sustain  them- 
selves there  through  the  partial  influ- 
ence of  theToorkman  tribes.  The  more 
likely  way,  he  observes,  of  attaining 
their  object,  would  be  by  means  of  the 
Persians,  whom  in  process  of  time  they 
may  push  on  in  more  directions  than 
one  to  serve  their  purposes.  Mr.  Co- 
nolly considers  the  Toorkmans  to  be 
dependent  on  the  Persian  frontier  and 
upon  Khiva  for  their  supplies,  and  of 
necessity  they  must  come  to  terms  with 


those  that  command  them.    It  appear* 
that  the  Khan  of  Khiva's  authority  is 
owned  by  about  300,000  souls.  Of 
these,  30,000  are  Oabegs,  or  lords  of 
the  soil  by  conquest;  100,000  are  Sarts, 
the  inhabitants  before  the  Oabegs  took 
it.    The  Kara  Kal packs  are  100,000, 
and  the  remainder  are  Toorkmans.  If 
Persia  is  to  be  a  cat's  paw  in  the  hands 
of  the  Russian  bear,  why  no  doubt  the 
two  powers  acting  in  unison  could  de- 
stroy or  subjugate  the  Toorkmans; 
and  no  doubt  what  Baron  Mezendorff 
calls  "  l'influence  salutaire  de  la  Rus- 
sie  sur  I'Asie  Centrale,"  will  be  felt  in 
this  direction,  should  their  ulterior 
views  ever  ripen,  and  should  they  form 
any  systematic  design  of  bowing  our 
Governor-general  out  of  Calcutta.    "  If 
the  Russians,"  Mr.    Conolly  aavs, 
"  should  take  Khiva,  and  invade  Hin- 
dostan   by  the  route    of  the  Ox  us, 
Balkh,  and  Caubul,  I  suppose  they 
would  train  the  Toorkmans  to  beat  any 
regular  cavalry  that  we  could  send 
against  them."    Mr.  Conolly  devotes 
a  part  of  his  book  to  the  consideration 
of  an  overland  invasion  of  our  territo- 
ries in  India  by  the  Russians,  "where 
he  treats  the  subject  with  much  mode- 
ration and  knowledge.    He  owns  that 
many  years  must  elapse  before  any  de- 
signs of  that  government  can  be  so  far 
matured,  as  to  allow  its  even  starting 
for  its  dangerous,  expensive,  and  uncer- 
tain project.  There  are  only  two  great 
routes  by  which  the  Russians  could 
invade  India.  They  would  either  esta- 
blish themselves  at  Khiva,  and  making 
that  their  base,  go  up  the  Oxus  to 
Balkh,  and  over  the  Baumeeaun  moun- 
tains, via  Caubul  and  Peshower,  to  the 
Indus  ;  or,  taking  the  Persian  frontier 
for  a  base,  they  will  follow  the  great 
roads  through  Affghaunistaun.  The 
difficulty  in  this  route  would  arise  from 
the  divisions  among  the  Toorkman 
tribes,  and  from  the  jealousy  of  the  King 
of  Bokhara.  Were  these  overcome,  the 
Russians  would  then  convey  troops 
and  stores  to  Balkh.    From  Balkh  to 
Caubul  their  route  would  lie  through 
the  jiasses  of  the  Hindoo  Koosh  moun- 
tains ;  which  is  an  extremely  laborious 
journey,  and  only  open  six  months  in 
the  year.  From  Caubul  the  road  would 
go  through  a  mountainous  but  well- 
watered  country  by  Jellollabad  and 
Peshower  to  Attock,  where  they  would 


■ 


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1835.] 


Rkyiew.— RobcrtM  Scenes  of  Hindostan. 


607 


cross  into  the  Punjaub,  or  occupy  the  scratch  his  den,  but  he  never  will  meet 
strong  country  of  Cashmeer.    The    the  British  lion  on  the  plains  of  India. 

other  route  would  be  through  Affghau-   

nistaun  across  the  Caspian  to  Astrabad, 
thence  to  Meshed  and  Heraut.  From 
Heraut  to  Canduhar  there  would  be 
little  difficulty.    From  Canduhar  they 
would  either  go  up  to  Caubul  and  so 
to  Attock,  or  they  would  march  south 
to  the  Indus,  about  Shikapore.  The 
time,  even  with  the  most  favourable 
circumstances,  would  occupy  two  cam- 
paigns.    The  country  is,  in  many 
places,  strong  and  difficult,  but  not 
impassable  :  there  would  be  great  dif- 
ficulty in  procuring  fuel,  provisions, 
and  water.    The  expense  also  would 
be  enormous.    In  addition  to  this,  the 
chief  obstacle  to  the  progress  of  the 
Russian  army,  would  be  in  the  Aff- 
ghaun  territory ;  and  if  this  hostility 
was  presupposed,  perhaps  it  would  at 
once  defeat  the  utmost  efforts  of  the 
Russians  to  carry  their  plan  into  exe- 
cution. We  say  nothing  of  what  oppo- 


Scenea  and  Characteriatica  of  Hindoatan. 
By  Emma  Roberts.  3  vols. 

IT  would  be  great  injustice  not  to 
praise  the  execution  of  this  work.  It 
19  written  with  good  taste,  and  more 
simplicity  than  always  directs  a  fe- 
male pen.  The  author  has  described 
with  elegance,  what  she  had  witnessed 
with  attention.  Little  appears  to  be 
overlooked,  and  nothing  misrepre- 
sented. Her  picturesque  descriptions 
arc  vivid  and  well  drawn,  her  views 
of  society  and  manners  amusing  and 
instructive,  while  her  book  abounds 
in  much  valuable  information  regard- 
ing the  history  of  India,  the  antiquity 
of  its  cities,  and  the  usages  of  the 
inhabitants.  Both  young  ladies  who 
are  going  out,  and  old  gentlemen  who 


are  coming  home,  may  profit  by  the 
perusal  of  these  pages.  We  could  have 
sition  they  would  meet  with  from  our  wished  a  little  more  extensive  know- 
forces,  and  what  advantage  we  should  ledge  of  Natural  History  in  some  of  its 
derive  from  command  of  the  seas.  For  branches  ;  and  we  should  have  liked 
our  parts,  if  we  do  not  think  the  dan-  MUs  Roberts  had  devoted  a  chapter  to 
ger  chimerical,  we  conceive  it  to  be  so  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Calcutta.  As  it  is, 
distant  and  doubtful  as  hardlv  worthy  however,  we  are  able  to  thank  her  for 
of  our  notice,  except  as  a  matter  of  some  hours'  amusement ;  she  has  recti- 
speculation.  Before  Russia  could  in-  fied  our  opinions  in  many  cases,  and 
vade  India,  Europe  must  be  in  a  con-  confirmed  them  in  others.  The  history 
flagration  ;  and  the  strength  of  her  of  Thuygism  is  frightfully  interesting ; 
arm  would  be  wanted  at  home.  Smallas  and  was  little  known  to  us  before, 
are  her  resources,  feeble  and  trcacher-  We  perceive  that  the  arts  of  the  jug- 
ous  as  the  friends  she  would  rely  on,    glers  are  still  a  mystery*  to  the  un- 

itiated.    The  stories  told  by  Miss 
Roberts  are  highly  curious,  and  we 
wish  that  she  had  entered  more  into 
the  subject.    But  perhaps  no  part  of 
her  work  will  possess  greater  interest 
arrived  there ;  easy  as  our  movement    than  that  which  describes  the  fallen 
of  troops  would  be  from  one  part  of    glories  of  the  now-deserted  cities  of 
the  peninsula  to  another,  or  even  from    Gour.  Mandoo,  and  Bejapore.  once 


hostile  and  dangerous  as  the  countries 
she  would  have  to  traverse,  brave  and 
skilful  as  the  armies  she  would  meet 
on  the  shores  of  the  Indus,  if  her 
wearied  and  travel -worn  troops  ever 


penins 

England  ;  we  consider  we  have  little 
to  fear ;  and  instead  of  wasting  our 
thoughts  on  such  remotecontingencies, 
our  wiser  aim  would  be  to  consolidate 
our  Eastern  Empire,  to  conciliate  the 
natives  we  have  subdued,  to  raise  them 
gradually  to  a  higher  and  more  inde- 
pendent feeling,  to  govern  them  with 
justice  aud  mildness,  and  to  make 


the  abodes  of  princes  and  rajahs,  now 
silent  and  forsaken,  crumbling  slowly 
into  dust.  Miss  Roberts's  book  has 
confirmed  our  previous  opinion,  that 
the  society  in  India  is  inferior  to  what 


•  We  know  no  book  on  India  that  has 

treated  in  a  philosophical  manner  on  the 

magician*  of  Indin,  and  their  extraordi- 
juauce    buu  uiiuuieas,    turn    vu  What  is  tQ  hc  attributea  to 

them  acknowledge  us  not  as  despotic  great  rQpidity  of  movement,  what  to  pe- 

tyrantB  or  rapacious  merchants,  but  as  cujiar  flexibility  of  limb,  what  to  other 

a  great,  and  wise,  and  good,  and  just  arts  Rna*  attainments,  we  do  not  know ; 

people.    This  supposed,  the  Russian  but  it  is  a  subject  worthy  the  attention  of 

hear  may  growl  and  lick  his  paws,  and  the  philosopher  and  physiologist. 


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r,us 


Rkvikvy.— Irving't  Indian  Sketches. 


it  might  hate  been  presumed  to  be ; 
at  the  best,  it  seems  most  unintellec- 
tual  and  irrational—outward  forms 
and  usages  supplying  the  place  of 
warm  feelings  and  friendly  dispo- 
sitions. We  should  consider  it  a  dis- 
advantageous place  for  any  one  to 
reside  in,  particularly  for  the  young 
and  inexperienced.  The  sole  object  is 
to  get  as  much  money  as  quickly  as 
possible.  This  seems  to  absorb  the 
minds  of  all ;  while  the  greatest  la- 
titude appears  to  be  allowed  in  the 
conduct  of  life.  Burke  said  "that  a 
residence  in  India  would  unbaptize  a 
man."  We  have  ourselves  seen  some 
dreadful  instances,  where  a  fortune 
has  been  procured  at  the  expense 
of  every  good  principle,  every  Chris- 
tian feeling,  and  every  virtue  of  the 
heart — where  all  has  been  lost,  that 
religion  could  effect,  or  society  im- 
prove— where  a  forgetfulness  of  all 
natural  ties,  or  rather  a  wanton  con- 
tempt of  them,  has  been  considered, 
if  not  laudable,  at  least  wise  ;•  and  a 
thorough  defiance  of  the  feelings  and 
opinions  of  society  has  admitted  the 
roost  shameful  and  depraved  system  of 
life  :  of  course,  this  is  fortunately  a 
strong  instance ;  but  we  are  fully  per- 
suaded, if  a  fortune  is  to  be  made,  it  had 
better  be  sought  for  anywhere  than  in 
India.  The  hazard  of  life,  great  as  it 
is  in  that  country,  is  but  trifling  com- 
pared with  the  hazard  to  which  all  the 
virtues,  feelings,  and  affections,  are 
exposed.  Let  the  botanist  visit  it  for 
the  prodigality  of  its  vegetable  wealth  ; 
the  naturalist  for  the  riches  which  its 
forests  and  jungles  will  display  ;  let 
the  philosophical  historian  be  seen 
musing  among  the  ruins  of  its  pillared 
grandeur ;  let  a  Wallich,  a  Raffles,  or 
a  Mackintosh  there  enlarge  his  views 
af  mankind,  and  improve  his  study 
of  nature  :  but  keep,  if  possible,  the  in- 
nocent and  the  young  from  a  land 
where  they  may  return  with  wealth  in 
their  coffers,  but  stripped  of  all  those 
qualities  which  would  enable  them  to 
use  it  with  generosity  and  justice  to 
their  fellow-creatures.  This  is  our 
deliberate  opinion,  made  from  long  and 
attentive  consideration,  and  it  appears 
to  be  also  Dr.  Johnson's. 

*  It  is  a  favourite  saying  among  the 
Indians,  *'  When  you  return  home,  avoid 
your  relations." 

C 


Indian  Sketches  during  an  Kjrpedition  (• 

the  Pawnee  Indian*  and  other  Tribes. 
By  S.  T.  Irving.    2  vols. 

THE  fierce  and  numerous  tribe  of 
Pawnee  Indians,  and  their  allies  the 
Otoe*,  laid  claims  to  all  the  land  lying 
between  the  Platte  and  Kanzas  rivers. 
It  was  their  favourite  hunting-ground  ; 
but  unfortunately  this  was  the  very 
ground  which  the  United  States  had 
granted  to  the  Delaware*,  when  they 
removed  them  from  the  verge  of  the 
white  population — "  Hinc  HUe  lachri- 
raae."   The  Pawnees  slew  the  Dela- 
wares ;  the  Delawares  surprised  and 
burnt  a  Pawnee  town ;  these  hostili- 
ties spread  even  against  the  whites. 
Many  respectable  gentlemen  who  trade 
in  brandy  solely  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Indians,  and  others  equally  respectable 
who  live  by  trapping  racoons  and 
wheedling  ermines,  for  the  still  greater 
benefit  of  the  shopkeepers  in  Regent- 
street  and  elsewhere,  fell  victims  to  the 
anger  of  the  Indians ;  and  had  their 
scalps  transferred  beyond  the  precincts 
of  Christian  barbers ;  while  their  bo- 
dies were  left  to  be  turned  over  by  the 
playful  curiosity  of  the  grisly  bear,  or 
tasted  at  leisure  by  the  palate  of  the 
grey  wolf.  This  could  not  be  permitted 
to  last;  so  a  Mr.  Ellsworth  was  sent  to 
arrange  the  matter,  by  means  of  flan- 
nel petticoats  for  the  old  squaws,  rib- 
bons and  necklaces  for  the  girls,  and 
blankets  for  the  gentlemen.*  Mr. 
Irving,  a  grown-up  young  gentleman 
of  enterprize  and  activity,  accompanied 
him, — and  keeping  a  journal,  as  is 
now  indispensible,  he  published  it  oo 
his  return,  which  was  equally  so.  It 
is  entertaining  and  instructive,  for  it 
gives  us  purer  and  wider  views  of  the 
life  of  the  wild  Indian  than  we  had 
before.    Yet  we  think  that  more  cu- 
riosity, on  Mr.  Irving's  part,  might 
have  extracted  more  information.  We 
confess  we  do  not  clearly  know  whence 
the  wild  horse*  came,  on  which  we  find 
the  Indian  tribes  mounted  in  the  pre- 
sent days.    Little  more  than  200  years 
since,  a  horse  was  an  animal  unknown 
to  them, — and  when  first  seen,  con- 
templated with  terror.    Are  these  the 

*  All  things  come  round  if  you  give 
them  time.  When  Cortez  invaded  Mex- 
ico, the  Indians  were  astonished  at  his 
horsemanship  ;  now,  Mr.  Irving  is  equally 
astonished  at  the  Indians. 


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Review. — Irvingvs  Indian  Sketcftes. 


G09 


wanderers  from  the  old  Spanish  stock, 
or  the  French.  One  thing  is  certain, 
that  the  Indians  deserve  them  ;  for  they 
appear  to  ride  more  skilfully  and  boldly 
than  any  other  people.  The  savage 
beats  the  man  of  civilization,  as  a 
horseman,  every  where ;  and  Ducrow 
himself  would  be  but  an  aspirant  com- 
pared to  a  finished  Pawnee  equestrian. 
Dogs,  also,  now  in  numbers  accom- 
pany the  Indians.  Whence  is  the 
origin  of  their  race  to  be  traced  ?  They 
were  equally  unknown  in  the  days  of 
Pizarro  and  De  Soto.  These  animals, 
with  pigs  and  guns,  are  the  chief  addi- 
tions made  to  the  Indian's  wealth, 
since  the  days  when  he  was  first  dis- 
covered in  his  deserts  by  the  white 
men.  The  $iaple  article  of  food  among 
them  now,  is  the  flesh  of  the  bison, 
mixed  with  Indian  corn.  Their  dwell- 
ings are  very  wretched  and  rude.  The 
characterof  the  men  is  more  varied  than 
we  should  have  supposed.  There  are 
some  fierce  formidable  *  gunpowder  Per- 
cies'  among  them,  it  is  true;  but  there 
are  also  some  of  a  milder  nature ;  some 
sly,  dry,  comic  dogs,  like  Charles 
Lamb;  some  amusing  diners-out,  like 
Theodore  Hook ;  some  punsters,  like 
Rev.  Syduey  Smith  ;  and  some  fellows 
who  both  sing  and  talk  like  Tom 
Moore.  The  ladies  are  much  the  same 
as  in  other  countries.  The  old  ones 
talk  till  their  purpose  is  attained  ;  be- 
tween their  clamour,  their  filth,  and 
their  hideousnesa,  their  success  is  cer- 
tain. '  Anything  for  a  quiet  life/  seems 
the  motto  of  the  Pawnee  Pococurante. 
The  girls,  the  young  squaws,  are, 
like  other  girls,  pretty,  modest,  good- 
tempered,  and  amiable,  and  very 
pious,  as  we  shall  presently  show. 
The  children  behave  much  as  ours  do, 
when  they  are  brought  in  for  the  com- 
fort of  the  company  and  the  promotion 
of  pleasant  conversation  after  dinner, 
to  eat  sponge  cake.  The  gentlemen, 
like  our's  at  White's  and  Brookes', 
are  rather  idle ;  employing  the  chief 
part  of  the  day  in  lying  on  their  back, 
and  drumming  on  the  breast-bone  : 
— when  they  want  exercise,  they  kick 
the  dogs.  The  ladies  do  the  washing 
in-doors,  and  the  hoeing  and  sowing, 
and  other  agricultural  matters  out* 
As  there  are  no  penny-schools,  the 
children,  dear  little  rogues,  find  amuse- 
ment in  tormenting,  or  thieving  every 
thing  within  their  reach.  In  this  so- 
Gext.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


ciety,  treated  with  a  round  of  f&tes, 
for  sometimes  he  went  out  to  dinner 
six  or  seven  times  in  the  same  day, 
Mr.  Irving  and  his  friend  spent  a  con- 
siderable time  ;  but  we  find  no  account 
of  their  intermarrying  with  the  good 
and  primitive  natives,  or  even  learning 
their  language.  How  accurately  they 
judged  of  the  circumstances  which  fell 
beneath  their  notice,  may  be  seen  from 
the  following  extract : — 

44  We  strolled  along  the  bank  for  half 
an  hour,  glad  to  be  free  from  the  well- 
meant  though  tedious  attention  of  our 
hosts.  At  length,  however,  we  retraced 
our  steps, when  our  attention  was  attracted 
by  a  low  mournful  cry  from  the  midst  of  a 
number  of  small  mounds  at  a  short  dis- 
tance, the  burial-ground  of  the  village. 
We  approached  the  spot  so  cautiously,  as 
not  to  disturb  the  person  who  was  sta- 
tioned there.  Upon  the  top  of  the  grave 
(a  large  mound  covered  with  grass)  was 
lying  an  Indian  girl.  Her  buffalo  robe 
had  escaped  from  her  shoulders,  and  her 
long  dishevelled  black  hair  was  mingled 
with  the  grass  of  the  prairie.  Her  bosom 
was  resting  upon  the  sod,  and  her  arms 
extended  as  if  embracing  the  form  of  the 
being  who  was  mouldering  beneath.  Be- 
lieving she  was  some  female  belonging  to 
the  tribe,  singing  a  dirge  over  the  grave  of 
some  departed  friend,  we  listened  atten- 
tively to  her  song.  At  one  moment  it 
would  rise  in  the  air  with  a  plaintive 
sound,  as  if  she  was  dwelling  with  mourn- 
ful tenderness  upon  the  virtues  of  the  de- 
ceased. At  times  she  would  seem  to  speak 
of  the  feelings  of  his  heart ;  at  others,  her 
note  would  seem  to  be  one  of  war,  or  bat- 
tle ;  and  then  her  song  would  burst  from 
her,  with  the  startling  energy  of  a  person 
who  was  in  the  midst  of  the  scene  itself, 
and  was  acting  over  the  feats  of  the  silent 
dead.  At  these  moments  she  raised  her 
head,  and  her  whole  frame  seemed  swell- 
ing with  the  inspiration  of  her  theme ; 
but  in  the  midst  of  this  singular  burst  of 
enthusiasm,  the  chord  of  some  more  pain- 
ful recollection  would  be  touched,  and  the 
song  would  sink  from  its  high  and  ardent 
tone,  to  a  note  of  woe,  so  despairing,  that 
it  appeared  as  if  the  sluices  of  her  heart 
were  opened,  and  the  deep  hidden  stream 
of  her  affection  was  flowing  out  in  the 
mournful  melody.  After  a  short  time  she 
rose  from  the  ground,  and  wrapping  her 
robe  round  her,  walked  slowly  towards  the 
village.  It  was  not  till  she  was  completely 
lost  to  our  sight  that  we  left  our  sheltering 
place,  and  followed  in  the  direction  which 
she  had  taken.  We  had  heard  the  Indian 
dirge  sung  before  by  different  females  of 
the  tribe ;  but  as  we  considered  them 

4  I 

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Rkview. — Irving' a  Conquest  of  Florida. 


[Dec- 


mere  piece*  of  formality,  we  had  passed 

by  without  heeding;  them.  But  in  this 
lonely  being,  there  was  an  air  of  deep  de- 
solation, as  she  lay  upon  the  grave,  and  a 
hopeless  despairing  tone  in  her  low  melo- 
dious voice,  that  lay  bare  the  recesses  of  a 
withered  heart.  We  were  so  much  inte- 
rested in  her,  that  we  had  accurately 
noted  her  appearance,  and  now  hurried 
towards  our  lodge,  with  the  intention  of 
finding  out  her  history  from  our  inter- 
preter ;  a  matter  of  no  great  difficulty,  as 
the  history  of  every  individual  of  the  vil  • 
lage  is  known  to  all.  We  found  the  half- 
breed  interpreter  sitting  in  front  of  the 
fire,  wrapped  in  his  blanket  coat,  with  his 
elbows  resting  upon  his  knee,  and  his  hand 
supporting  his  chin.  There  was  an  air  of 
iron  gravity  and  even  sternness  in  his  deep- 
marked  features  that  denoted  a  man  not 
prone  to  yield  to  womanish  excitement. 
We  walked  up  to  him,  and  by  means  of 
a  Frenchman  (for  he  spoke  no  English) 
inquired  into  the  history  of  the  girl,  at  the 
same  time  narrating  the  scene  in  the 
r.rairie.  If  it  had  been  in  the  nature  of 
his  face  to  wear  a  more  scornful  expres- 
sion than  it  usually  did,  the  smile  of  con- 
tempt which  passed  over  his  weather- 
beaten  features,  as  we  related  our  story, 
would  have  added  to  it.  For  a  moment 
he  seemed  surprised— then  added,  that  she 
was  a  squaw  who  resided  in  the  adjoining 
lodge,  and  but  a  short  time  before  he  had 
heard  her  say  to  her  mother — *  As  she  had 
nothing  to  do,  she  believed  she  would  go  and 
take  a  bawl  over  her  dead  brother's  grave.' 
He  had  been  killed  five  years  before.  There 
was  an  expression  of  enjoyment  in  the 
keen  eye  of  the  half-breed  as  he  watched 
the  disappointed  expression  of  our  faces." 

We  have  room  for  no  more ;  or  we 
could  have  quoted  a  few  delectable 
Yankee  idioms,  which  we  presume  are 
thought  particular  iligant  across  the 
water. 


The  Conquest  of  Florida  under  Hernando 
de  Soto.  By  Theodore  Irving.  2  vols. 

THIS  is  a  free  translation  of  the 
work  of  the  Inca  Garcilaso  de  la  Vega, 
assisted  by  a  narrative  of  a  Portuguese 
soldier,  which  was  published  in  Lon- 
don in  1686,  and  abridged  in  Purchas. 
It  is  a  tale  of  great  interest :  so  much 
did  it  act  on  us,  that  we  never  let  it 
out  of  our  hands  till  we  completed  the 
perusal.  The  narrative  is  fresh,  and 
glowing  with  truth  ;  simple,  forcible, 
with  no  attempt  to  hide  defects,  nor  any 
to  give  afalsc  and  fictitious  colouring  to 
the  circumstance  detailed.  The  writer 
was  a  man  of  rank  and  honour,  de- 


scended from  an  ancient  Spanish  stock 
by  his  father's  side,  while  by  the  mo- 
ther's he  was  of  the  lofty  Peruvian  line 
of  the  Incas.  The  narrative  was  origi- 
nally taken  by  himself  from  the  lips  of 
a  friend,  a  cavalier  of  worth  and  re- 
spectability, who  had  been  an  officer 
under  De  Soto,  and  was  enriched  and 
authenticated  by  the  written  journals 
of  two  other  soldiers  who  had  served 
in  the  expedition. 

The  treasures  which  were  brought 
by  Cortez  and  Pizarro  from  Peru  and 
Mexico,  had  inflamed  all  Spain  with 
an  unquenchable  thirst  of  gold.  A  few 
partial  expeditions  to  Florida  had  raised 
an  opinion,  that  in  its  vast  interior 
existed  empires  as  rich  or  richer  than 
those  which  had  been  discovered  fur- 
ther south.    Hernando  de  Soto  was  a 
favorite  soldier  of  Pizarro's,  and  he  re- 
turned to  Spain  from  the  Peruvian  con- 
quest, with  all  the  renown  of  the 
bravest  of  warriors  and  with  180,000 
crowns  of  gold  in  his  pocket.  The  re- 
nown and  the  gold  gained  him  the 
hand  of  the  fair  Isabella  de  Bobadilla ; 
but  neither  wife  nor  money  could  keep 
him  at  home;  he  was  inflamed  with 
the  belief  that  his  glory  and  his  for- 
tune could  be  still  farther  increased. 
Accordingly,  he  collected  a  band  of 
brave,  gallant  cavaliers  and  followers, 
to  the  number  of  about  950,  and  taking 
his  wife  with  him,  and  another  young 
lady  of  the  same  name.  Bobadil,  whom 
he  found  on  the  Canaries,  and  who 
made  the  first  faux  pas,  though  so  many 
soon  followed,  he  set  sail  on  his  great, 
daring,  and  ill-fated  expedition.  He 
had  no  chemists,  or  mineralogists,  or 
geologists  with  him  ;  but  he  had  some 
monks  and  friars  for  the  conversion  of 
those  whom  he  might  please  not  to 
destroy  ;  he  had  also  some  fine  horses 
for  his  cavalry,  and  some  large  dogs  to 
overtake  the  Indians  who  were  fleet  of 
foot.    His  fame,  his  fortune,  his  hap- 
piness, were  all  staked  upon  this  deci- 
sive and  hazardous  experiment.  We 
arc  not  able  to  give  an  analysis  of 
the  work,  but  we  are  sure  that  it  will 
never  want  readers.    The  Adelantado, 
as  he  was  called,  was  by  nature  a 
noble,  generous,  brave,  confiding  sol- 
dier, and  a  man  of  honour  and  huma- 
nity ;  but  the  accursed  madness  for 
gold  corroded  his  heart,  and  blinded 
him  to  the  cruelty,  the  injustice,  the 
abominable  wickedness  of  his  whole 
career.  From  the  moment  of  his  land- 
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1635.] 


Review.— Latrobc's  Rambler  it  North  America. 


611 


ihg  on  these  fated  shores,  till  bis  death, 
there  is  nothing  bat  a  succession  of 
battles,  skirmishes,  slaughters,  trea- 
chery, violations  of  truth  and  honour ; 
cities  burnt,  "women  and  children  de- 
stroyed by  hundreds  and  thousands, 
and  brave  men  unrelentingly  sacri- 
ficed *  who  were  defending  their  homes, 
their  families,  and  their  property,  their 
altars  and  their  rulers,  from  an  unpro- 
voked and    indefensible  aggression. 
The  expedition  was  ill-concerted  and 
ill-conducted — they  were  destroyed  bv 
the  country  alone :  the  heavy  armed 
soldier  and  his  heavier  steed  were  floun- 
dering from  morning  to  night  in  mo- 
rasses and  quagmires,  lost  in  intermin- 
able forests,  or  starved  amidst  the  most 
inhospitable  and  untrodden  deserts. 
What  the  climate  and  country  left,  the 
ever-watchful  armies  of  the  Indians 
destroyed  ;  the  horses  all  fell ;  about 
two- thirds  of  the  army  perished,  and 
de  Soto  sank  broken-hearted  and  de- 
spairing to  his  grave.   This  expedition 
penetrated  a  long  way  into  the  inte- 
rior;   they  crossed  the  Mississippi 
(though  there  is  much  difficulty  in 
tracing  their  route)  and  passed  what 
we  now  call  the  Buffalo  prairies  to  the 
west,  till  they  saw  the  rocky  moun- 
tains, and  almost  reached  the  grounds  of 
the  Pawnee  Indians,  whom  we  described 
in  our  preceding  review.  After  the  death 
of  their  commander,  the  wretched  re- 
mains of  the  once  gallant  expedition  re- 
turned in  some  vessels  they  built,  down 
the  Mississippi,  and  after  great  danger 
and  distress  reached  the  coast  of  M  exico, 
after  more  than  three  years  of  inces- 
!>ant  suffering.    The  wife  of  the  brave 
commander,  who  had  been  left  in  Cuba 
during  the  expedition,  on  hearing  of 
its  wretched  termination  and  her  irre- 
parable loss,  soon  died.    Whether  the 
monks  and  friars  returned  in  safety, 
*e  forget ;  but  as  the  reverend  fathers 
do  not  appear  in  the  return  of  the  killed 
and  wounded,  we  trust  they  lived  to 
finish  some  more  flasks  of  Val  di  Pene, 
and  recount  their  adventures. 

About  300  years  have  passed  since 
this  history  dates  its  events  ;  and  one 
cannot  help  reflecting  what  an  altera- 


*  During  Cortez's  expedition  against 
Mexico,  a  number  of  Hulls  were  sent  from 
St.  Peter's  to  compose  their  consciences, 
[f  they  should  not  be  quite  easy  amid  the 
Wood  they  were  shedding. 


tion  that  period  has  made  in  the  for- 
tunes and  fates  of  the  Indian  people. 
When  Cortez  and  de  Soto  invaded  their 
territories,  the  land  seemed  swarming 
with  inhabitants;  living  in  well-built 
cities,  cultivating  fertile  and  well-tilled 
lands,  subject  to  mild  and  paternal 
governments,  and  flourishing  in  plenty, 
peace,  and  happiness.  All  has  disap- 
peared, melted  away  as  if  it  had  never 
been.  The  Cazique  and  his  children 
are  all  gone :  or  the  few  that  remain 
(we  believe  the  whole  of  the  Indians 
in  America  do  not  amount  to  more  than 
900,000)  are  fallen  into  a  state  of  sa- 
vage independence;  perpetually  war- 
ring with  each  other ;  driven  into  the 
wildest  and  most  barren  districts,  hav- 
ing lost  the  early  arts  (their  quilted  cot- 
ton garments  changed  for  bison  skins), 
their  population  destroyed,  their  com- 
munities broken  up,  their  lands  seized 
or  sold  by  their  stronger  neighbours : — 
the  brandy  of  the  whites  will  finish 
what  the  sword  began ;  and  the  last 
red -man,  wc  suppose,  some  centuries 
hence,  will  be  seen  in  a  den  in  the 
Zoological  Gardens,  or  introduced  in 
an  afterpiece  at  Astley's.  So  are  pe- 
rishing the  children  of  the  Desert; 
but  are  they  too  only  a  late  race?  and 
what  has  become  of  those  mysterious 
beings  whose  monuments  are  even  now 
to  be  seen ,  the  aboriginal  population — 
whose  skeletons  are  dug  up,  or  rather 
whose  tombs  are  found,  beneath  vege- 
tation which  may  have  waved  over  them 
for  a  thousand  years?  Truly,  we  are  in 
the  midst  of  darkness  and  mystery ! 


Tfie  Rambler  in  North  America.  By 
Charles  Joseph  Latrobe.    2  vols. 

THIS  is  a  work  of  interest  and  in- 
formation, but  its  value  would  have 
been  infinitely  increased,  and  much 
perplexity  avoided,  by  different  small 
maps  of  the  author's  various  routes, 
and  by  a  division  into  shorter  chapters, 
each  having  a  full  table  of  contents. 
In  another  edition  we  strongly  urge 
this  on  the  attention  of  the  publishers. 
It  may  be  very  well  for  an  American 
to  follow  the  traveller ;  but  a  Norfolk 
squire  or  a  Kentish  yeoman,  would 
scratch  his  head  over  a  detail  of  roads, 
canals,  passes,  prairies,  bluffs,  falls, 
that  would  puzzle 

4  The  wisest  justice  on  the  banks  of  Trent.' 
Mighty  and  mixed,  and  gathering  fresh 


Digitized  by  Google 


6\'2 


Rkview. — Latrobe's  Rambler  in  North  America. 


[Oec. 


multitudes  everyday  into  its  womb,  as 
the  population  of  America  is,  still  there 
are  to  be  seen  the  little  sacred,  seques- 
tered localities  of  the  primitive  settle™, 
with  the  national  manners,  language, 
and  habits  existing. 

*  Here  (says  the  author)  as  he  ap- 
proaches Niagara,  you  will  find  the  chil- 
dren of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  and  the  early 
colonists  from  the  pure  English  stock, 
whose  descendants  have  also  spread  over 
the  fresh  virgin  soil  of  this  and  the  other 
states  in  the  same  parallel,  and  planted 
themselves  in  every  part  of  the  union, 
where  steadiness  and  industry  could  win 
their  way.  You  may  trace  the  French 
refugee  in  West  Chester,  the  Dutch  in 
*  New  York,  the  German  in  the  valley  of 
the  Mohawk,  the  Swede  in  New  Jersey 
and  Delaware,  the  Quaker  and  the  Ger- 
man in  Pennsylvania,  together  with  distinct 
colonies  of  Irish;  the  descendant  of  the 
Cavalier  in  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  the 
states  of  the  south,  and  the  Italian  and 
Spanish  in  Florida.  On  the  other  hand, 
between  the  Creole  in  Louisiana,  and  the 
French  Canadian  on  the  upper  lakes  and 
rivers,  you  detect  many  races  of  men,  with 
peculiar  habits  and  manners,  distinct  from 
each  other,  like  all  those  enumerated,  in 
many  particulars,  though  for  the  time 
bound  together  by  a  common  government 
and  the  ties  of  a  common  interest." 

We  have  on  another  occasion  con- 
fessed a  melancholy  kind  of  curiosity 
that  we  feel  in  the  history  and  fate  of 
the  various  Indian  tribes,  that  are  day 
by  day  'treading  westward,'  with  di- 
minished numbers  and  increasing  mi- 
aery  and  degradation.  Mr.  Latrobe  says 
(speaking  of  the  Osage  country  on  the 
Missouri  frontier), 

1  Of  all  the  Indian  tribes  at  which  we 
got  a  glance,  this  and  the  following  year, 
the  Osage  came  the  nearest  to  our  idea  of 
the  North  American  Indian.  The  south- 
ern Indian  strikes  us  as  being  more  effe- 
minate ;  and  the  more  northern  tribes, 
though,  I  own,  they  were  in  appearance 
far  finer  specimens  of  manly  beauty,  yet 
wanted  much  of  the  dignity  of  march  and 
demeanour  of  the  poor  Osage.  He  is 
truly  the  child  of  the  Desert ;  and  while 
the  Creek  and  the  Cherokee,  whom  cir- 
cumstances have  brought  into  his  neigh- 
bourhood, are  in  some  degree  showing  an 
inclination  to  bend  to  their  circumstances 
and  cultivate  the  ground,  and  may  attain 
to  a  certain  degree  of  civilization;  the 
Osages  still  scorn  the  alternative  of  labour 
to  famine.  Their  Great  Father  at  Wash- 
ington sends  them  milch  cows,  draught 
oxen,  and  farming  utensils,  and  delegates 


to  instruct  them  in  their  management  and 
use.  The  missionaries  provide  schools  ; 
and,  by  labouring  themselves,  attempt  to 
show  that  labour  and  freedom  are  compa- 
tible with  each  other.  The  squaw  is  ca- 
joled to  send  her  son  to  school.  But  what 
is  the  consequence  ?  The  cows  arc  tilled 
to  get  the  milk  ;  the  oxen  are  killed,  be- 
cause the  Indians  cannot  see  the  wisdom 
of  starving,  while  so  much  food  is  walking 
about,"  &c. 

Mr.  Latrobe,  however,  mentions 
that  there  is  a  more  promising  trial 
making  on  the  Neosho,  on  a  snaali 
band  of  Osages.    It  is  the  determina- 
tion of  the  United  States  to  remowe  al  1 
the  scattered  remnants  of  the  Indian 
tribes  to  the  west  of  the  Mississipi.  This 
has  been  in  a  great  measure  effected,  and 
portions  of  the  Creeks  and  Cherokee*, 
Chochtaws,    Quoppaws,   Del  a  wares, 
Senecas,  Shawanees,  and  smaller  tribes . 
are  ranged  along  the  Missouri  and 
Arkansas  territory,  from  91  to  95  de- 
grees of  latitude.  The  Osages  forming 
the  advanced  line.    The  Seminoies  of 
Florida  have  left  their  homes,  and  gone 
to  sit  down  by  the  side  of  their  bre- 
thren the  Creeks;  but  the  greatest 
event  among  them,  and  which  may 
ultimately  arrest  their  fate,  and  con- 
vert them  into  a  civilized  permanent 
society,  is  the  invention  of  written 
characters  by  a  full. blood  Cherokee, 
consisting  of  84  signs,  expressing  all 
the  chief  sounds  of  that  language ; 
there  is  also  at  present  a  half  caste,  or 
intermixtureofbreeds,spreadingamoug 
them,  which  will  probably  conduce 
much  to  the  amelioration  of  their  cha- 
racter, and  the  formation  of  large  com- 
munities ;   but  we  reluctantly  draw 
ourselves  away  from  a  subject,  that 
alike  wakes  dim  recollections  of  the 
past,  and  shapeless  conjectures  of  the 
future.     But  while  the  fortunes  of 
these  men  are  only  dimly  shadowed  in 
the  page  of  our  knowledge,  while  our 
information  is  so  imperfect  that  we 
cannot  tell,  long  before  a  British  step 
was  placed  on  the  native  sands,  whe- 
ther these  wild  tribes  of  the  Desert  are 
but  the  pensive  relics  of  powerful  con- 
federacies broken  up,  destroyed,  melt- 
ed like  snow,  or  whether  they  ever 
were  as  they  arc  now :  while  this  is 
hidden,  what  are  we  to  imagine  of  a 
race  that  existed  in  the  same  regions, 
masters  of  the  same  forests,  and  the 
same  plains,  long  before  the  present 


Digitized  by  Google 


1835.] 


Review. — Rabett's  Lateinos,  or  6 (J 6. 


G13 


Indian  people  ever  existed ;  a  race,  not 
their  ancestors,  for  they  differed  from 
them  in  size,  in  shape,  in  all  specific 
character ;  not  savages,  but  civilized 
men,  who  lived  in  towns,  who  knew 
the  arts  of  defence  and  attack,  who 
cultivated  their  lands,  who  made  roads, 
causeways,  canals ;  and  whose  bones 
still  lie  under  the  gigantic  and  green 
hills  which  their  piety  raised  over  the 
relics  of  humanity.  A  fine  subject  for 
the  sagacity  of  a  Humboldt  to  explore, 
and  his  philosophical  eloquence  to 
describe. 

It  is  only  justice  to  Mr.  Latrobe  to 
say,  that  there  is  a  vast  variety  of  cu- 
rious and  entertaining  information  in 
his  book,  both  on  savage  man  and  ci  - 
vilized  society,  we  have  not  been  able 
to  touch  ;  indeed,  it  is  a  book  of  great 
interest. 


Lateinos  :  or  the  only,  proper,  and  ap- 
pellative name  of  the  Man,  or  666,  or 
the  Pope  of  Rome,  Sfc.  By  the  Rev. 
Reginald  Rabett,  A.M.  8vo. 

WE  remember  our  poor  departed 
friend  Mathews,  of  facetious  memory, 
singing  with  his  usual  effect  that  fine 
burst  of  Transatlantic  loyalty,  in  his 
assumed  character  of  an  American,  in 
which  the  valour  of  General  Jackson, 
at  the  siege  of  New  Orleans,  was  dis- 
played, when  the  English  army  ap- 
peared : 

'  Ten  thousand  they  came  on, 
And  Jackson  was  but  one, 

But  whfit  was  that  to  Jackson  ? — 
Oh  !  Jackson  is  the  boy  ! ' 

Now,  wc  were  forcibly  reminded  of 
General  Jackson's  intrepid  disdain  of 
numbers,  when  we  found  the  grim  and 
formidable  host  of  critics,  commen- 
tators, scholars,  divines  old  and  new, 
whom  Mr.  Rabett  lays  prostrate  with 
the  skill  and  coolness  of  a  practised 
polemic.  We  must  say  that  neither 
be  nor  Jackson  are  at  all  inclined  to 
flinch ;  and  we  do  Mr.  Rabett  the  jus- 
tice to  acknowledge,  that  he  has  fought 
his  battle  manfully  and  well.  We 
think  he  is  far  too  prolix — deals  in 
^•repetitions,  and  hardly  treats  Mr. 
Faber  with  the  deference  that  should 
be  paid  to  his  age,  his  station,  and  his 
acknowledged  erudition.  We  wish  his 
language  had  been  a  little  modified ; 
°r»  if  we  may  so  express  ourselves, 
that  he  had  fought  with  sparring 


gloves  on  :  but  whoever  has  witnessed 
the  last  scene  of  the  pantomime,  where 
Punch  knocks  the  Parson  down  with 
a  smart  blow  on  the  head,  and  as 
often  as  he  gets  up  to  argue,  Punch 
answers  him  with  another  responsio 
baculina,  will  have  no  bad  idea  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Faber's  fate.  But  to  the 
point : — We  must  inform  our  country 
readers,  including  the  gentlemen  of 
the  medical  profession,  and  that  respec- 
table and  useful  class  called  in  French 
procureurs,  the  '  triumphant  rulers  of 
the  inkstand/  and  all  others  coming 
under  the  rank  of  '  equites/  that  there 
is  a  passage  in  the  book  of  Revelations, 
ch.  xm.  v.  18.  to  the  following  effect. 
We  write  the  Greek  in  English  letters, 
in  order  that  they  may  have  a  full  and 
clear  understanding  of  the  question, 
and  explain  it  to  their  wives  and  fami- 
lies ;  for  a  revelation  not  revealed, 
would  by  rhetoricians  be  called  a 
strange  parasiopesis :  Hode  he  gophia 
estin,  ho  echon  ton  noun  p»ephi$ato  ton 
arithmon  tou  theriou.  Arithtnos  gar 
anthropou  es/i,  kai  ho  arithmos  hautou 
x£*.  Having  now  a  perfect  compre- 
hension of  the  meaning  of  the  pas- 
sage, we  will  next  observe  that  the 
difficulty  lies  in  the  interpretation  of 
the  Greek  letters  xf7'.  To  give  the 
passage  in  English,  would  be  super- 
fluous to  men  of  education  ;  but  as  we 
avoid  no  trouble  in  our  disinterested 
zeal  to  serve  the  public,  we  will  add 
the  translation  :  '  Here  is  wisdom  ; 
let  him  that  hath  understanding  count 
the  number  of  the  beast ;  for  it  is  the 
number  of  a  man  ;  and  his  number  is 
six  hundred  three-score  and  six/ 
Now  the  question  is,  Who,  since  the 
days  in  which  the  prophecy  has  been 
delivered,  answers  to  the  name  666  ? 
Mr.  Rabett  says  he  has  been  employed 
ever  since  1829  in  prosecuting  his  in- 
quiry, or  what  may  be  called,  in  the 
language  of  the  Admiralty,  working  his 
prophetical  telegraph.  Now,  previous 
to  this,  Mr.  Faber  had  also  set  up  one 
at  Durham,  in  which  his  signals  were 
very  different,  as  we  shall  show,  from 
Mr.  Rabett's.  What  does  Mr.  Rabett 
do,  but  as  soon  as  he  has  fixed  his 
letters  to  his  mind,  off  he  goes,  and 
knocks  Mr.  Faber's  telegraph  about 
his  ears.  It  is  vain  Mr.  Faber  proves 
he  is  in  partnership  with  Archdeacon 
Wrangham  ;  in  vain  he  shows  him 
the  Archdeacon  working  away,  and 


Digitized  by  Google 


614 


Review.— Kabett  8  Lateinos,  or  666. 


[Dec. 


fixing  up  hie  large  letters  A  P  O  S  : 
Mr.  Rabett  is  not  to  be  convinced  : 
Mr.  Faber's  giants  turn  out  only  wind- 
mills— down  they  go ;  the  Archdeacon 
and  the  Prebendary  are  both  laid  pros- 
trate, and  Mr.  Rabett  stands  over 
them,  waving  his  flag  inscribed  LATI- 
NUS. — [N.B.  The  Reviewer  who  began 
this  article  being  taken  ill,  another  has 
continued  it.] 

It  roust  be  allowed  that  this  is  a 
very  mysterious  and  difficult  problem 
to  solve;  for  supposing  the  text,  in 
the  first  place,  to  be  correct,  which  is 
not  absolutely  allowed,  as  we  shall 
see,  the  number  666  for  which  they 
stand,  when  reckoned  by  alphabetical 
characters,  will  form  many  different 
words  ;  which  is  the  correct  one,  is 
the  question.  We  will  give  some  of 
the  interpretations  : 
Ircnaius.  — Teitan.  Lateinus. 
Vitringa. — Adonikon ;   as  he  had  a 

family  of  666. 
Mr.  Potter. — Mr.  Potter  extracts  the 

cube,  or  square-root  of 

666—41.  which  is  25.  k(. 

which  is  the  name  of  the 

beast,  viz : 
25  Gates. 

25  Angels,  or  Pastors. 
25  Parishes. 
25  Cardinals. 

25,000  furlongs  round  Rome. 
N.  B.  Mr.  Rabett  finishes  Mr.  Pot- 
ter's reveries  with  a  first-rate  joke ; 
he  says,  "  He  has  recourse  to  a  surd 
root,  which  is  ab-  surd."  Now  this 
is  lepid,  and  festive,  and  softens  your 
hard  mouldy  crusts  of  criticism.  Mr. 
Potter  must  work  his  clay  in  another 
fashion. 

Wetstcin — Teitan.  Hesychius  explains 
Titan — the  name  of  Anti- 
christ. Wetstein  considers 
Titan  to  mean  Titus  Ves- 
pasian, and  his  sons  who 
were  Titans;  but  as  the 
letters  are  found  in  some 
MSS.  xi^>  tnen  *t  is  Tita, 
qua*  Titum  clarius  desig- 
nat. 

Dr.  Burton  thinks  it  useless  to  at- 
tempt an  explanation. 

Professor  Lee  thinks,  with  Abp.  Laud, 
x£<r,  a  false  reading. 

Mr.  Croly  thinks  it  the  Inquisition. 

Dr.  A.  Clarke  thinks  it  means  The 
Latin  Kingdom.  Dr.  A. 
Clarke  is  the  person  who 


considers  Eve  to  have  been 
tempted  by  an  oorang- 
outang ;  but  we  thought  it 
was  the  custom  of  Cerco- 
pitheci  not  to  tempt  fe- 
males, but  to  carry  them 
off. 

Mr.  Faber  and  Archdeacon  Wranghain 
think  it  means 
that  is  *  blasphemy.' 
These  are  the  chief  leading  opinions, 
we  believe ;  but  besides  these,  the 
number  666,  if  reckoned  by  alphabetic 
characters,  may  signify  equally, 

Italian  Church. 

The  Latin  Kingdom. 

1  am  God  upon  Earth. 

Bad  guide  of  the  Way. 

Ulpius  Trojanus. 

Genseni. 

Mahomet. 

Benedict. 

Nego. 

Resplendens. 
Victor. 

Jam  olim  invidus. 
Vere  nocens. 
Aguus  nocens. 

But  as  many  of  these  are  not  the 
names  of  men,  and  as  the  others,  when 
written  in  Greek  letters  do  not  agree 
with  the  number,  they  are  dismissed  ; 
and  the  present  contest  in  fact  is  set- 
tled, by  the  armies  on  either  side  with- 
drawing,  and  Mr.  Faber  and  Mr.  Ra- 
bett each  advancing  under  their  respec- 
tive banners,  inscribed  '  Latinos/ 
*  Apostates.'  We  candidly  own  that 
we  have  never  seen  Mr.  Faber's  book, 
and  know  no  more  of  his  arguments 
than  Mr.  Rabett  has  stated  :  the  gist 
of  the  dispute  lies  in  the  following 
compass : 

Mr.  Faber  objects  to  Mr.  Rabett  *s 
'  Latinus,'  because  it  must  be  spelt 
with  an  «  (Aorcwof),  to  make  the 
numbers  tally.  This  Mr.  Faber  as- 
serts to  be  ungrammatical,  against  the 
usage  of  the  ancient  writers ;  in  other 
words,  it  is  barbarous,  incorrect,  and 
therefore  to  be  dismissed. 

Mr.  Rabett  objects  to  Mr.  Faber's 
'  Apostates,'  because,  to  make  the  let- 
ters of  that  word  correspond  to  the 
number  666,  Mr.  Faber  considers 
the  letter  that  stands  in  an  abridged 
form  for  or  (viz.  ■?),  and  the  nume- 
ral, or  episema  *\  as  one  and  the 
same  ;  for,  if  they  are  not,  Mr.  Faber 
overshoots  the  mark  by  some  hundreds' 


Digitized  by  Google 


IS33.] 


Review.— Memoirs  of  Mirabeau. 


615 


of  years.    This  is  the  point  of  contro- 
versial scholarship  between  them.  We 
really  think  Mr.  Rabett  has  defended 
his  own  reading  with  considerable 
skill  and  success,  although  we  con- 
sider him  abominably  tedious  in  re- 
peating his  assertions,  and  think  his 
book  might  have  been  improved  by 
close  pruning.   His  arguments  against 
Mr.  Faber'g  reading,  require  an  in- 
vestigation we  have  no  time  to  give : 
and,  as  we  said,  we  should  like  to 
see   what    Mr.  Faber   himself  has 
said  on  that  point.    At  any  rate,  Mr. 
Rabett  has  supported,  with  some  fresh 
arguments  and  additional  authorities, 
an  interpretation  made  by  ltenseus  in 
the  earliest  days  of  the  Church,  and 
admitted  as  true  by  Bishop  Newton, 
the  most  popular  interpreter  of  the 
Prophecies.    The  subject  is  certainly 
highly  curious  and  interesting;  and 
Truth  is  worth  the  pursuit,  though  not 
overtaken  at  last.    We  consider  the 
Chapter  Six,  on  the  three  cpisemas,  to 
be  open  to  doubt  as  to  some  points  ad- 
vanced ;  but  we  are  certainly  favour- 
able to  '  Lateinus.'    It  must  be  ob- 
served, in  support  of  Mr.  Rabett's  in- 
terpretation, that  the  Hebrew  word 
Romiith  is  the  name  for  the  Roman 
beast  or  Roman  kingdom,  and  that  it 
also  contains  the  exact  number  of  666 ; 
and  Mr.  Pyle,  the  commentator  on  the 
New  Testament,  observes,  and  Bishop 
Newton  says,  rightly,  "That  no  other 
word  in  any  language  whatever  can  be 
be  found  to  express  the  same  number 
and  the  same  thing."    We  may  also 
observe  that  when  Trenxus  selected 
the  word  Lateinus  as  the  elucidation  of 
the  Prophecy,  he  considered  it  appro- 
priate, as  designating  the  temporal 
persecution  of  the  Church  by  the  Ro- 
man Emperors  ;  subsequently  it  al- 
luded to  the  spiritual  dominion  and 
anti-Christian  principles  of  the  Pa- 
pists ;  yet,  changing  its  signification, 
it  has  for  1600  years  preserved  its 
precise  and  emphatic  propriety. 


Memoirs  of  Mirabeau,  Sfc.  2  vols.  8vo. 

THE  first  impression  which  the 
perusal  of  these  Memoirs  will  leave, 
"W'U  be,  that  for  three  generations,  at 
least,  the  Mirabeau  family  had  a  spice 
of  inaanity  in  them.  The  grandfather, 
*ith  the  silver  collar  round  his  neck, 
*ould  have  made  a  fine  feudal  Baron, 


whose  sword  was  law;  and  even  in 
the  age  of  Louis  the  Fourteenth, 
he.  managed  to  insult  the  Monarch, 
to  frighten  away  all  his  neighbours, 
and  to  throw  the  King's  tax-gatherers 
into  the  river.  The  father  was  the  po- 
litical economist,  who  seemed  equally 
road  in  his  way  ;  and  no  one,  in  chari- 
ty, would  doubt  of  the  insanity  of  the 
son.  Yet  they  were  no  common  mad- 
men ;  and  the  talents  and  genius  of 
the  family,  which  came  to  full  Mower 
in  the  younger  Mirabeau,  was  shoot- 
ing forth  and  ripening  itself  iu  the 
preceding  generations.  The  present 
volumes  really  afford  a  most  extraor- 
dinary exhibition  of  paternal  feeling 
and  filial  prudence  :  the  father  looks 
on  his  own  child  as  a  kind  of  incubus, 
a  sort  of  Devil's  imp ;  and  writes  to 
him  and  about  him,  with  a  grinning, 
sneering,  cool,  malevolent  derision, 
that  is  most  astounding ;  while  se- 
ducing single  women,  running  off  with 
married,  getting  head  ever  ears  in 
debt,  and  being  confined  in  prisons 
and  fortresses  of  every  description, 
forms  the  history  of  the  first  thirty 
years  of  the  son's  life.  The  present 
volumes  are  formed  from  the  original 
family  papers  and  correspondence : 
they  are  only  part  of  the  projected 
work.  They  are  not  well  arranged, 
nor  well  selected ;  but  we  think  they 
may  as  well  go  on,  and  complete  the 
history :  they  will  at  least  give  us 
some  notion  of  that  most  singularly- 
gifted  being,  and  whose  life  too  was 
as  singular,  who  is,  after  a  short 
interval,  to  re-appear  to  us  with  such 
splendour  in  the  interesting  pages  of 
Duraont,  and  on  whose  single  arm,  at 
one  time,  it  may  be  said,  was  almost 
suspended  the  monarchy  of  France. 


A  popular  and  practical  Introduction  to 
Law  Studies.  By  Samuel  Warren, 
Esq.  F.R.S.    Lond.  8 vo.  pp.  552. 

"  STUDIES,"  remarked  that  model 
of  wisdom  Lord  Bacon,  "  teach  not 
their  own  use;  but  that  is  a  wisdom 
without  them,  and  above  them,  won 
by  observation."  The  object  of  the 
present  volume  is  to  facilitate  the  ac- 
quirement of  that  •  wisdom'  by  the 
students  of  the  law.  It  contains  the 
observations  of  a  gentleman  of  some 
eminence  in  literature,  upon  the  best 
course  of  legal  training  and  education  j 


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CI 6  Review. — Warren's  In 

it  teaches  in  what  manner  the  mind 
may  be  braced  and  prepared  for  the 
vigorous  and  manly  exercises  of  our 
Courts  ;  it  warns  the  presumptuous, 
animates  the  fearful,  and  points  out  to 
the  desponding  student  discouraged  by 
the  overpowering  magnitude  of  legal 
studies,  that  there  is  a  path  which 
will  conduct  him  through  the  moun- 
tains, a  ford  at  which  he  may  safely 
cross  the  broad  and  rapid  stream.  It 
fans  his  expiring  enthusiasm,  repairs 
his  drooping  strength,  and  kindly  and 
encouragingly  whispers  to  him  *  Per- 
severe ! ' 

Such  books  are  useful  beyond  cal- 
culation. Many  a  student,  besides 
Spclman,  has  been  driven  from  the 
study  of  the  law  by  '  the  strange  lan- 
guage, the  barbarous  dialect,  the  un- 
graceful confusion*  which  it  presents 
to  an  unthinking  observer.  The  fear 
of  embarking  upon  such  a  boundless 
and  trackless  ocean  has  occasioned 
many  men  to  turn  from  it  with  appre- 
hension  and  disgust.  Many  a  noble 
spirit  which  might  have  done  honour 
to  this  most  honourable  profession, 
has  been  thus  kept  back, 

"  And  made  to  lose  the  good  he  might 

have  won, 
By  fearing  to  attempt." 

The  first  part  of  Mr.  Warren's  book 
is  addressed  to  those  who  stand  upon 
the  margin  of  the  profession.  It  points 
out  to  them  what  are  the  qualifica- 
tions necessary  to  ensure  success,  the 
pre  -  requisites,  physical,  intellectual, 
and  moral,  without  which  it  is  worse 
than  madness  to  think  of  •  entering 
into  the  brilliant  struggles  of  the 
bar.' 

To  the  student '  throbbing  with  the 
honourable  desire  of  distinction,  and 
determined  at  whatever  cost  to  tread 
the  long,  the  rough,  the  weary  road 
which  leads  to  the  high  places  of  the 
profession,'  the  second  part  is  ad- 
dressed. It  contains  suggestions  upon 
the  formation  of  a  legal  character, 
comprehending  advice  as  to  the  gene- 
ral conduct,  the  general  knowledge, 
the  mental  discipline,  and  the  ac- 
quaintance with  English  History,  which 
are  the  indispensible  requisites  of 
every  one  who  aspires  to  the  dignity 
of  being  considered  *  a  lawyer.' 

The  author  then  takes  a  rapid  view 
of  the  several  branches  of  the  profes- 


jduction  to  Law  Studies.  [Dec. 

sion,  and  afterwards,  supposing  the 
student  to  have  made  choice  of  the 
practice  of  the  Common  Law,  advises 
him  as  to  the  best  mode  of  prosecuting 
his  studies,  explains  the  nature  of 
'  Special  Pleading,'  and  lays  before 
him  a  course  of  reading.  The  work 
concludes  with  a  variety  of  practical 
suggestions  for  facilitating  legal  studie*. 

In  our  perusal  of  this  work  we 
have  met  with  several  redundancies 
and  repetitions,  which  we  doubt  not 
will  disappear  in  future  editions ;  but 
all  these  are  mere  trifles,  dust  in  the 
balance,  compared  with  the  important, 
weighty,  and  useful  matter  with  which 
it  abounds.  It  is  written  in  a  plea- 
sant, unaffected  style  ;  and,  although 
some  of  the  suggestions  will  probably 
meet  with  a  little  opposition,  the  opi- 
nions of  the  author  are  offered  unas- 
sumingly, and  are  backed  by  expe- 
rience— in  all  these  matters  a  very 
weighty  consideration. 

The  work  contains  some  little  of  the 
chit-chat  of  the  profession,  of  which, 
as  constituting  the  extracts  best  calcu- 
lated for  general  readers,  we  will  give 
one  or  two  specimens. 

The  person  referred  to  in  the  fol- 
lowing extracts  cannot  be  mistaken  : 

"  One  of  the  profoundest  and  most 
versatile  scholars  in  England,  and  perhaps 
in  Europe — in  many  respects  one  of  the 
most  eccentric — has  a  prodigious  me- 
mory, which  the  author  once  told  him 
was  a  magazine  stored  with  wealth  from 
every  department  of  knowledge.    *  I  am 
not  surprised  at  it,*  he  added,  '  nor  would 
you  be,  or  any  one  that  knew  the  pains  I 
have  taken  in  selecting  and  depositing 
what  you  call  my  wealth.    1  take  care 
always  to  ascertain  the  value  of  what  I 
look  at— and  if  satisfied  on  that  score,  I 
most  carefully  stow  it  away.    I  pay,  be> 
sides,  frequent  visits  to  my  magazine, 
and  keep  an  inventory  of  at  least  every 
thing  important,  which  I  frequently  com- 
pare with  my  stores.    It  is,  however,  the 
systematic  disposition  nnd  arrangement  1 
adopt,  which  lightens  the  labours*  of  me- 
mory.   I  was  by  no  means  remarkable 
for  memory  when  young ;  on  the  con- 
trary, I  was  considered  rather  defective  on 
.that  score."— p.  389. 

The  following  is  no  less  a  proof  of 
the  readiness  of  the  profound  lawyer 
to  whom  it  refers,  than  it  is  of  the 
utility  of  impressing  upon  the  memory 
the  substance  and  the  names  of  lead- 
ing cases ; — cases,  that  is,  in  which  imT 


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Rbview.— Warreu  a  Introduction  to  Law  Studies. 


417 


portant  principles  have  been  esta- 
blished. 


"  The  author  was  standing  beside  the 
seat  of  the  King's  Counsel,  in  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench,  on  the  day  after  he  had 
entered  an  Inn  of  Court — when  a  young 
barrister  came  and  asked  the  opinion  of 
Mr.  (now  Sir  John)  Campbell  on  a  some- 
what knotty  4  case*  he  had  to  answer 
that  day.  Mr.  Campbell  rose  to  re-exa- 
mine a  witness  as  his  young  friend  con- 
cluded his  statement  ;  and,  in  rising 
hastily,  whispered,  1  your  case  is  that  of 
 v.  ,  4  Term  Reports.'  The  lat- 
ter called  for  a  copy  of  the  rolume  re- 
ferred to — glanced  over  the  marginal  ab- 
stract of  the  case  quoted — made  a  minute 
of  it,  and  left  the  court; — his  puzzled 
countenance  cleared  up,  doubtless  to  earn 
his  '  two  guineas  in  a  trice  V — p.  434. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  advantage 
to  a  lawyer  of  having  a  little  know- 
ledge of  something  more  than  mere 
law,  an  anecdote  is  extracted  from  Mr. 
Chitty's  recent  work  upon  the  Gene- 
ral Practice  of  the  Law. 

"  4  It  is  well  known/  he  says,  4  that  a 
Judge  was  so  entirely  ignorant  of  insu- 
rance causes,  that  after  having  been  oc- 
cupied six  hours  in  trying  an  action  on  a 
policy  of  insurance  upon  goods  (Russia 
duck,  from  Russia),  he,  in  his  address  to 
the  jury,  complained  that  no  evidence 
had  been  given  to  show  how  Russia  ducks 
(mistaking  the  cloth  of  that  name  for  the 
bird)  could  be  damaged  by  sea- water,  and 
to  what  extent."— p.  143. 

In  the  following  extract  we  dis- 
tinctly trace  the  style  of  the  *  Passages 
from  the  Diary  of  a  late  Physician.' 
It  contains  advice  which  every  student, 
whatever  be  the  object  of  his  study, 
will  do  well  to  keep  in  mind,  and  is 
moreover  a  fair  specimen  of  the  spirit 
which  pervades  this  interesting  volume. 

44  In  the  tedious  interval  which  must 
elapse  between  preparation  and  employ- 
ment, will  be  required  all  the  young 
lawyer's  fortitude  and  philosophy.  He 
must  be  content  to  4  bide  his  time '—to 

*  cast  his  bread  upon  the  waters,  to  be 
found*  only  4  after  many  days.'  He  must 
never  give  up,  he  must  not  think  of 
slackening  his  exertions,  thankless  and 
unprofitable  though  they  seem  to  be. 
Does  he  imagine  that  his  is  the  only  un- 
entered fleece  ?  Let  him  consider  the 
multitude  of  his  competitors,  and  the  pe- 
oaliar  obstacles  which,  in  the  legal  pro- 
fession, serve  to  keep  the  young  man's 

*  candle,'  he  it  never  so  bright,  so  long 

*  under  a  bushel/    How  many  with  pre- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vot.  IV. 


tensions  superior  to  bis  own,  are  still 
pining  in  undeserved  obscurity,  after  years 
of  patient  and  profound  preparation.* 

44  It  is  impossible  to  disguise  this  sad 
fact ;  it  would  be  cruel  and  foolish  to  at- 
tempt  it.  The  student  of  great  but  un- 
discovered merit,  will  sometimes  be  called 
upon,  his  heart  aching,  but  not  with  ig- 
noble envy,  to  give  his  laborious  and 
friendly  assistance  to  those  who,  immea- 
surably his  inferiors  in  point  of  ability 
and  learning,  are  rising  rapidly  into  busi- 


connexion. 

44  This,  also,  our  student  must  learn  to 
bear.  He  must  repress  the  sigh,  force 
back  the  tear,  and  check  the  indignant 
tb robbings  of  his  heart,  when,  in  the  sad 
seclusion  of  unfrequented  chambers,  or 
the  sadder  seclusion  of  crowded  courts, 
he  watches — year,  perhaps,  after  yearpass- 
ing  over  him,  4  each  leaving — as  it  found 
him.' 

44  It  is  a  melancholy  but  a  noble  struggle 
to  preserve,  amid  such  trials  as  these,  his 
equanimity — '  in  patience  to  possess  his 
soul.*   To  be 

4  True  as  the  dial  to  the  sun, 
Although  it  be  not  shone  upon.* 

44  Let  him  neither  desert,  however,  not 
slumber  for  a  moment  at  his  post.  4  In 
this  lottery,'  happily  observes  the  author 
of  Eunomus,  4  the  number  of  great  prizes 
will  ever  bear  a  small  proportion  to  the 
number  of  competitors.  You,  or  any  of 
your  contemporaries  may,  or  may  not  in 
the  end,  have  the  very  prise  on  which 
you  fixed  your  eye  at  the  onset ;  but  can 
he  ever  have  it,  who  takes  his  ticket  out 
of  the  wheel  before  the  prize  is  likely 
to  be  drawn  ?  For  our  comfort,  how- 
ever, in  this  lottery  of  the  profession, 
there  are  comparatively  but  few  blanks, 
if  indeed,  there  are  strictly  any.  The 
time  and  labour  we  employ,  which  may 
be  considered  as  the  price  of  our  tickets, 
must  always  produce  useful  knowledge, 
though  the  knowledge  that  is  acquired 
may  not  be  attended  with  the  profit  or 
eminence  that  we  expected,  f 

44  4  There  never  yet  (said  a  great  judge) 
4  was  a  man  who  did  justice  to  the  law,  to 

•  44  Lord  Thurlow  attended  the  bar  se- 
veral years,  unnoticed  and  unknown.  The 
practice  of  Lord  Chancellor  Camden  was 
at  one  time  so  inconsiderable,  as  almost 
to  determine  him  on  abandoning  the  pro- 
fession. Lord  Grantley  is  said  to  have 
toiled  through  the  routine  of  circuit,  and 
a  daily  habit  of  attendance  in  Westminster 
Hall,  for  many  years  without  a  brief." — 
Will.  Stu.  Law,  p.  134. 

f  Wynne's  Eun.  Dial.  II.  p.  295-6. 
4  K 


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418  Review.— Winning  on 

whom  it  did  not,  at  one  time  or  another, 
amply  do  justice.  His  success  is  often  as 
sudden,  as  splendid  and  permanent.  '  In 
a  moment,  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye, 
the  desolate  darkness  is  dissipated ;  the 
portals  of  wealth,  popularity,  and  power, 
arc  thrown  open  ;  and  he  does  not  walk, 
but  is  in  a  manner  thrust  onward  into 
their  radiant  regions.  Non  it,  sedfertur. 
For  all  this  he  is  fully  prepared ;  the 
viginti  annorum  lucubrationes  bear  him 
up  under  the  most  unexpected  accumula- 
tion of  business,  and  enable  him  calmly 
to  take  advantage  of  this  1  occasion  sud- 
den'—doing  honour  to  himself,  as  well  as 
to  those  who  are  honouring  him." — p.  56. 

We  heartily  recommend  Mr.  War- 
ren's volume  to  all  legal  students. 


Essays  on  the  Antediluvian  Age.  By 
the  Rev  W.  B.  Winning,  M.A. 

THESE  twelve  Essays,  clear  in  their 
style,  and  elegant  in  their  diction, 
afford  a  succinct  and  interesting  pa- 
rallel between  the  Church  of  God  and 
the  divine  government  of  man  before 
the  Flood,  and  the  Jewish  dispensation 
in  posterior  times.    Many  of  these 
lineaments  of  antediluvian  economy 
are  drawn  purely  from  analogy,  others 
from  easy  inference  and  happy  induc- 
tion, but  most  originate  from  the  bib- 
lical writings  themselves.    In  the  pri- 
mitive world,  we  can  trace  the  ob- 
servance of  the  Sabbath,  the  per- 
formance of  sacrific  rites,  and  the  di- 
rect interference  of  the  Deity ;  and 
equally  obvious  are  the  general  antici- 
pation of  a  Redeemer,  and  the  ex- 
istence of  prophets  amongst  this  pe- 
culiar people.    Enoch  foretold  the 
judgments  of  God  in  the  Deluge,  and 
these  are  reiterated  by  Noab,  in  whose 
day  the  vicious  and  apostate  commu- 
nities, by  which  he  was  surrounded, 
perished  in  the  waters  of  retributive 
vengeance.    In  the  Jewish  epoch,  the 
law  of  rigour  is  commenced,  the  Sab- 
batical ordinances  enlarged,  the  expia- 
tory altar  worship  resuscitated,  theo- 
cracy confirmed,  supernatural  assist- 
ance manifested,  the  Saviour  prefi- 
gured, the  people  appropriated,  the 
school  of  prophets  denouncing  the 
impieties  of  the  age,  and  the  whole 
economy  elaborated  and  consummated 
by  the  advent  of  Christ  himself. 

The  antediluvian  creed  is  simple  and 
natural. 

I.  The  acknowledgment  of  God  as 


the  Antediluvian  Age.  [Dec. 

the  Creator  and  moral  Governor  of 
the  world. 

2.  The  Life  and  Judgment  to  come. 

3.  Forgiveness  of  sins  upon  re- 
pentance, by  means  of  a  Saviour. 

4.  The  assurance  of  God's  spirit  to 
help  our  infirmities,  and  assist  our 
sincere  endeavours  after  holiness. 

These  desultory  observations  render 
it  more  than  a  crude  probability  that 
through  all  ages  and  conditions  of  man, 
the  scheme  of  Providence,  and  the 
order  of  moral  government,  has  ever 
been  identical :  but  we  opine  that  it  u 
indeed  driving  analogy  to  extremities, 
when  the  name  of  Eve  is  made  a  type 
of  our  Saviour,  he  being  then  viewed 
by  the  eye  of  faith  :  it  sounds  more  of 
assuming  than  investigating  evidence 
— more  of  coining  than  seeking  truth. 

Besides  the  subject  matter  alluded 
to  above,  we  are  favoured  with  a  few 
beautiful  parallelisms  from  the  works 
of  Jebb  and  Louth ;  and  on  many 
points  of  verbal  criticism  Mr.  Winning 
has  proved  himself  an  able  philologist. 
Several  of  these  Essays,  however,  have 
already  appeared  in  the  British  Maga- 
zine. 

We  cannot  close  our  notice  of  this 
work  without  expressing  our  admira- 
tion at  the  liberal  and  refined  senti- 
ments of  its  author  on  the  study  of 
the  physical  sciences,  and  more  espe- 
cially Geology,  which  we  earnestly 
recommend  him  to  pursue  more  deeply 
than  his  present  assertions  on  the 
strata  would  indicate  :  we  can  assure 
him  that  its  waters  are  more  delight- 
ful and  refreshing  than  even  those  of 
Castalia  or  Hippocrene.    Mr.  Win- 
ning believes  it  impossible  to  explain 
the  phoenomena  exhibited  by  the  strata 
of  the  earth  without  the  admission  of 
an  universal  deluge;  "  and  the  time 
and  purpose  of  such  a  catastrophe  is 
recorded  in  the  Sacred  History."  That 
this  globe  has  been  universally  inun- 
dated is  indisputable,  but  there  is  no 
proof  that  it  was  contemporaneously 
deluged,  though  there  is  irrefragable 
evidence  of  its  partial  and  repeated 
depression  below  the  level  of  the  ocean. 
If  by  the  time  and  purpose  of  such  a 
catastrophe  is  meant  the  Noachian  ca- 
taclysm, which  lasted  about  a  year, 
nothing  can  be  more  puerile  than  to 
suppose  that  the  secondary  or  tertiary 
formations  were  deposited  in  so  brief 
a  period.  Indeed,  tne  mineral  and  fos- 


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Rbyibw.— The  Loteley  Manuscripts. 


419 


sil  remains  of  either  strata  not  only 
prove  that  an  enormous  period  was 
requisite  for  the  production  or  such  a 
mass  and  the  changes  of  organic  life, 
but  that  dry  land  teeming  with  life 
and  vegetation,  must  have  existed  in 
the  intermediate  periods  for  lengthened 
ages.    Neither  are  we  of  opinion  that 
any  variation  of  temperature  to  which 
our  sphere  has  been  subject,  could 
have  any  influence  on  the  formation 
of  rain  or  the  deluge :  a  more  rational 
and  satisfactory  account  of  this  catas- 
trophe and  its  effects  is  drawn  by  Pro- 
fessor Lyeil :  *'  For  our  own  part,  we 
have  always  considered  the  flood,  if 
we  are  required  to  admit  its  universa- 
lity in  the  strictest  sense  of  the  term, 
as  a  preternatural  event  far  beyond 
the  reach  of  philosophical  enquiry, 
whether  as  to  the  secondary  causes 
employed  to  produce  it,  or  the  effects 
most  likely  to  result  from  it/' 

The  olive  branch  alone  must  prove 
that  the  effects  of  the  flood  were  not 
so  marked  and  violent  as  many  would 
suppose.    Mr.  Winning  has  taken 
great  pains  to  show  that  the  demiurgic 
days,  tike  the  "  evening  mornings"  of 
Daniel  viii.  14,  pvx&nfi*pat,  may  be 
expanded  to  any  length  from  70  to 
365  days  each— in  short,  that  the  geo- 
logist may  be  accommodated  with  any 
term  of  years  :  but  we  fear  more  will 
be  demanded  of  him,  for  we  should 
require  more  than  one  fiat  for  the  pro- 
duction of  fossil  fish,  even  omitting 
the  existing  species  altogether.  Our 
reader  will  fully  estimate  the  geologi- 
cal lore  developed  in  the  notes  to  the 
last  essay,  when  it  is  stated,  that  in 
order  to  protect  his  favourite  Eden 
(Gen.  ii.  11 — 14)  from  marine  sub- 
mersion, he  is  compelled  to  attack  even 
Fairholme  and  Penn,  the  great  advo- 
cates of  scriptural  geology :  his  weapons 
for  the  assault  are  suitable,  and  the 
aim  good.    If  the  antediluvian  conti- 
nents are  at  present  submersed,  then 
the  description  of  Eden  must  fall :  the 
Euphrates  of  Moses  is  no  more,  and 
the  whole  land  of  Ethiopia  a  fiction. 
Surely  this  must  have  escaped  the  medi- 
tations of  Fairholme,  as  it  is  absent  from 
the  knowledge  of  his  admiring  readers. 

We  have  had  great  pleasure  in  the 
perusal  of  this  small  volume,  and  be- 
lieve its  deficiencies  may  be  charac- 
terized in  these  few  words  : 

"  Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam." 


The  Loseley  Manuscripts.  Manu- 
script*, and  other  rare  Documents, 
illustrative  of  some  of  the  more  minute 
particulars  of  English  History,  Bio- 
graphy, and  Manners,  from  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  to  that  of  James  I. 
preserved  in  the  muniment  room  of 
James  More  Molyneux,  Esq.  at  Lose- 
ley House,  in  Surrey.    Edited  by 
Alfred  John  Kempe,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
8vo.  pp.  xxiv,  508. 
THIS  is  one  of  the  most  miscella- 
neous, and  thus  one  of  the  most  cu- 
rious and  entertaining  collections  of 
papers  that  have  ever  been  formed 
into  a  printed  volume.   In  other  works 
of  this  kind,  the  general  theme  lor 
praise  is  the  historical  importance  of 
the  documents  produced,  and  the  light 
they  throw  on  affairs  of  state  and 
statesmen.    That  the  present  is  not 
destitute  of  6uch  importance,  we  shall 
endeavour  to  show  before  we  conclude  ; 
but  its  peculiar  merit  is,  that  it  illus- 
trates, in  a  familiar  and  interesting 
manner,  numerous  points  of  our  do- 
mestic antiquities. 

The  Loseley  Papers  are  the  accumu- 
lation of  a  family  of  the  first  rank  of 
gentry  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  who 
duly  filled,  during  several  generations, 
the  leading  functions  of  the  magistracy ; 
and  besides  the  share  which  they  thus 
took  in  the  internal  government  of  the 
country,  had  also  occasional  connec- 
tion with  the  Court,  and  with  national 
employments.    To  the  documents  re- 
sulting from  such  a  series  of  men, 
worshipful  and  useful  in  their  gene- 
rations, are  prefixed  those  derived  by 
an  executorship,  from  one  who,  though 
also  a  Surrey  squire,  occasionally 
moved  in  the  different  sphere  of  Mas- 
ter of  the  Court  Revels.    Lastly,  is 
added  a  diary  of  the  travels  of  an  Am- 
bassador on  the  Continent  in  the  reign 
of  James  the  First,  which  seems  to 
have  accidentally  found  its  way  into 
the  same  muniment  room.    On  the 
whole,  we  think  a  better  idea  could 
not  be  given  of  the  collection,  than 
that  which  is  contained  in  the  very 
pertinent  motto  which  Mr.  Kempe  has 
adopted  from  Burton's  *  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy :' 

14  Now  come  tidings  of  weddings,  mark- 
ings, mummeries,  entertainments,  jubi- 
lees, embassies,  tilts,  and  tournaments, 
trophies,  triumphs,  revels,  sports,  play*  : 
then  again,  as  in  a  new. shifted  scene, 


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420 


Review.— The  Loseiey  Manuscripts. 


[Dec. 


mo  us  villained  in  all  kind*,  funerals, 
burials,  deaths  of  princes,  now  comical, 
then  tragical  matters." 

Having  taken  this  general  view  of 
the  Loseiey  Manuscripts,  we  proceed 
to  notice  some  of  them  more  par- 
ticularly. 

The  curtain  rises  with  a  summons 
from  Henry  VIII.  to  Christopher 
More,  Esq.  to  come  to  London  to  wel- 
come Anna  of  Cleves,  with  six  ser- 
vants in  his  company ;  to  ride  among 
other  gentlemen  "  in  cotes  of  black 
velvet,  with  cheines  of  gold  about 
their  neckes/'  and  with  "  gownes  of 
velvet,  or  some  other  good  silk,  for 
their  chainge."  A  receipt  signed  by 
the  same  ill- fated  lady  in  the  year  2 
&  3  Philip  and  Mary,  furnishes  the 
only  known  specimen  of  her  autograph 
in  these  terms,  "  Anna  the  dowghter 
of  Cleves."  And  a  third  document 
exhibits  some  of  her  household  ex- 
penses. 

The  papers  relating  to  the  office  of 
the  Revels,  under  the  Mastership  of 
Sir  Thomas  Cawarden  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  the  Sixth,  afford  some  in- 
teresting matters  in  connection  with 
the  early  history  of  the  drama.  Mr. 
Kempe  has  made  extracts  from  a  large 
quantity  of  the  office  accounts,  which 
are  full  of  curious  items  relative  to  the 
costume,  pageantries,  and  theatrical 
properties.  He  has  also  printed  seve- 
ral letters  addressed  to  Sir  Thomas 
Cawarden,  with  whom  the  labours  of 
the  office  must  have  been  no  jesting 
concern ;  nor  is  there  less  gravity  in 
the  charges  given  him  by  Lords  and 
Privy  Councillors,  intent  on  the  serious 
business  of  providing  satisfactory  en- 
tertainment for  their  royal  master. 
Some  of  the  documents  relate  to  an 
occasion  when  this  eager  provision  for 
mirth  and  frolic  is  alloyed  in  the  page 
of  history  with  a  tinge  of  melancnoly 
and  disgust :  it  is  the  Christmas  of 
1551-2,  when  extraordinary  revels 
were  devised  by  the  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland "to  recreate  and  refresh  the 
troubled  spirits  of  the  young  King, 
who  seemed  to  take  the  trouble  of  his 
uncle  somewhat  heavilie."  There  was 
therefore,  by  order  of  the  Council/' 
selected  for  the  office  of  Lord  of  Mis- 
rule, a  person  "of  better  credit  and 
estimation  than  coromonlie  his  prede- 
cessors had  been  before."    This  was 


"  a  wise  gentleman,   and  learned, 

named  George  Ferrers,"  one  whose 
abilities  are  praised  by  Leland,  and 
who  was  the  chief  author  of  "The 
Mirrour  for  Magistrates."  Perhaps 
the  most  interesting  of  all  these  re- 
velry  papers  is  a  letter  of  Ferrera,  in 
which  he  informs  Sir  Thomas  Cawar- 
den of  some  of  his  projected  devices. 

44  First,  as  towelling  ray  Introduction. 
Whereas  the  last  f  eare  my  devise  was  to 
cum  of  oute  of  the  naone  (moon ),  this 
yeare  I  imagine  to  cum  oute  of  a  place 
called  v*Jttum  vacuum,  the  great  waste, 
asmocbe  to  saie  as  a  place  voide  or  emptie 
wtkout  the  worlde,  where  is  neither  fier, 
ayre,  nor  earth ;  and  that  I  hare  bene 
remayning  there  sins  the  last  yeare.  And, 
because  of  certaine  devises  which  1  have 
towching  this  matter,  I  wold,  yf  it  were 
possyble,  have  all  myne  apparell  blewe, 
the  first  dale  that  I  p'sent  my  mjf  to  the 
King's  Ma,ie  ;  and  even  as  I  shewe  my 
self  that  daie,  so  my  mynd  is  in  like  order 
and  in  like  suets  (suits)  to  shew  myself 
at  my  com'ying  into  London  after  the 
halowed  daies. 

"  Againe,  how  I  shall  cum  into  the 
Courte,  whether  under  a  canopie,  as  the 
last  yeare,  or  in  a  chare  triumphall,  or  up- 
pon  some  strsunge  beast — that  I  reserve 
to  you ;  but  the  serpente  with  serin 
beddes,  cauled  hidra,  is  the  chief  beaxt 
of  myne  armes,  and  the  wholme *  (holm) 
bushe  is  the  devise  of  my  crest,  mv 
wordet  is  fmperferimu,  I  alwaies  feast- 
ing or  keping  holie  daies.  Uppon  Christ- 
mas daie  I  Bend  a  solempne  ambassad*  to 
the  King's  Ma1'  by  an  herrald,  a  trumpet, 
an  orator  speaking  in  a  straunge  language, 
an  interpreter  or  a  truchmau  with  hym, 
to  which  p'song  ther  were  requiset  to  have 
convenient  farnyrure,  which  1  referrc  to 
you. 

"  I  have  provided  one  to  plaie  uppon  a 
kettell  drom  with  his  boye,  and  a  uother 
drome  wth  afyffe,  whiohe  must  be  appa- 
relled like  turkes  garments,  according  to 
the  paternes  I  send  you  herewith.  On 
Sl  Stephen's  daie,  I  wold,  if  it  were  pos- 
sible, be  with  the  King's  Ma*  before 
dynner.    Mr.  Windham,  being  my  Ad- 
myrall,  is  appointed  to  receive  me  beneth 
the  bridge  with  the  King's  Brigandyne, 
and  other  vessel  Is  appointed  for  the  saiue 
purpose  ;  his  desire  is  to  have  the  poope 
of  his  vessell  covered  w!h  white  and  blew, 
like  as  I  eignene  to  you  by  a  nother  Pre. 

"  Sr  George  Howard,  being  my  Mr  of 


•  The  evergreen  holly  is  meant,  a  bear- 
ing'peculiarby  appropriate  to  the  Lord  of 
Christmas  Sports. 

t  His  motto  or  impress. 


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1835.] 

the  Horsis,  reoeiveth  me  at  my  landing 
at  Grenwiohe  with  a  spare  hone  and  my 
pe^es  of  ho«norl  one  carieng  my  bed  pece, 
a  nother  my  shelde,  the  thirde  my  sworde, 
the  fourth  my  axe.  A*  for  their  furni- 
ture I  know  nothing  as  yet  provided, 
either  for  my  pages  or  otherwise,  save  a 
hed  peece  that  I  cauBed  to  be  made.  My 
counsailo",  with  suche  other  necessarie 
psons  y1  attend  uppon  me  that  daie,  also 
must  be  consydered.  There  maie  be  no 
fewer  than  aixe  oounsailo1*  at  the  least ; 
I  must  also  have  a  divine,  a  philosopher, 
an  astronomer,  a  poet,  a  phisician,  a 
potecarie,  a  mr  of  requests,  a  sivilian,  a 
disard,*  John  Smyth,  two  gentlemen 
ushers,  besides  juglers,  tomblers,  foolea, 
friers,  and  suche  other. 

14  The  residue  of  the  wholie  daies  I 
will  spend  in  other  devises  :  as  one  daie 
in  feats  of  armes,  and  then  wolde  I  have 
a  eballeng  pformed  with  hobbie  horsis, 
where  I  purpose  to  be  in  p'son  ;  another 
daie  in  hunting  and  hawking  ;  the  residue 
of  the  tyme  shalbe  spent  in  other  devisis, 
which  I  will  declare  to  you  by  mouth  to 
have  yor  ayde  and  advice  therin. 

44  Sr.  I  know  not  howe  ye  he  provided 
to  furnish  me,  but  suer  methinks  I  shold 
have  no  lease  than  five  suets  of  apparell, 
the  first  for  the  dale  I  come  in,  which 
shall  also  serve  me  in  London,  and  two 
other  suets  for  the  two  halowed  daies 
folowing,  the  fourth  for  newe  yeares  daie, 
and  the  fifte  for  xii«>  daie." 

Sir  George  Howard,  the  Lord  of 
Lord  of  Misrule's  **  Master  of  the 
Horse,"  devised  in  the  year  1553  a 
Triumph  of  Cupid ;  the  characters  in 
which  are  described  by  his  own  pen, 
in  a  letter  which  the  Editor  has  noted 
as  remarkable  for  its  inexpert  ortho- 
graphy ;  but  he  has  omitted  to  notice 
that  this  Sir  George  Howard  was 
brother  to  Queen  Catharine,  the  fifth 
wife  of  Henry  the  Eighth. 

Some  other  papers  of  Sir  Thomas 
Cawarden  relate  to  the  more  serious 
affairs  of  military  equipments;  for 
the  care  of  the  King's  "  hales,  tents, 
and  pavilions"  was  added  to  his 
official  duties;  and  Mr.  Kerape  has 
afterwards  introduced  an  account,  with 
extracts,  of  a  very  early  edition  of  the 
Articles  of  War,  which  was  found  in 
one  of  the  chests  at  Loseley.  It  bears 
the  date  of  1513  ;  which  is  thirty-one 
years  before  the  oldest  edition  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Two  etate  papers  of  Queen  Jane, 
addressed  to  the  magistrates  of  Sur- 


'8. 


11 


rey,  are  followed  t>y 
Wyatt's  rebellion,  and  an  inventory  of 
Sir  Thomas  Cawarden's  armoury, 
which  upon  suspicion  was  aeired  to 
Queen  Mary's  use. 

Several  curious  documents  then  suc- 
ceed, relative  to  the  Royal  Palace  of 
Nonesuch,  of  which  Sir  Thomas  Ca- 
warden was  Keeper.  From  an  inven- 
tory of  furniture  there,  we  quote  the 
following  description  of  a  bed : 

44  One  ceeler  of  darkc  crymsen  vellet, 
th'  one  haulf  double  vallanced  and  th* 
other  single,  in  length  4$  y'ds,  in  breadth 
4  y'ds ;  Embrouderyd  with  flowers  of 
gold  and  a  woman  in  the  middes  w1  a 
crowne  on  her  hedde  and  a  paire  of  wincres. 
One  teester  to  the  same  of  like  vellett, 
with  two  pictures  embroudrid,  standing 
betweene  three  trees,  th'one  presenting 
a  ring,  and  th'  other  a  harte,  in  depth  3} 
y'ds,  in  bredth  4J  y'ds." 

The  Editor  remarks  that' These  state 
beds,  of  the  time  probably  of  Henry 
VIII.  make  the  great  bed  of  Ware  no 
longer  such  a  wonder.'  Whilst  on 
this  subject,  we  may  mention  that  the 
very  interesting  plates  of  old  furniture 
now  publishing  by  Mr.  Shaw,  are  ex. 
pected  to  be  illustrated  by  an  histori- 
cal essay  from  the  pen  of  Sir  S.  R. 
Meyrick. 

Some  parochial  accounts,  of  the 
year  1552,  are  highly  curious,  as  afford- 
ing "  evidence  of  the  unsettled  etate  of 
religion  in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  when  the  new-born  reform- 
ed Church  and  the  old  papal  hier- 
archy were  striving  as  it  were  for  the 
mastery.  There  are  charges  for  set- 
ting up  and  pulling  down  the  rood- 
loft,  for  watching  the  Holy  Sepulchre 
at  Easter,  for  painting  a  post  or  pil- 
lar in  the  church  called  the  Paschal 
post  with  the  blood  of  the  Paschal - 
Lamb,  for  defacing  the  altars,  and  for 
a  table  with  forms  for  the  celebration 
of  the  Eucharist."  An  inventory  of 
Bermondsey  parish  church  exhibits  a 
vast  assemblage  of  vestments,  *kc. 
some  of  which  probably  had  previously 
belonged  to  the  abbey. 

On  the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  Sir 
Thomas  Cawarden,  who  was  a  zealous 
Protestant,  was  one  of  the  knights 
commissioned  to  attend  on  the  Earl  of 
Bedford  when  taking  possession  of  the 
Tower  of  London  ;  and  we  finally  take 
leave  of  him,  with  extracts  from  his 
will,  and  the  expenses  of  his  funeral. 


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422  Rkvikw  —  The  I 

We  shall  not  be  able  to  review  so 
particularly  the  papers  belonging  to 
the  family  of  More ;  but  the  plan 
which  Mr.  Kempe  has  judiciously 
adopted,  of  bringing  together,  as  far  as 
possible,  those  which  relate  to  kindred 
subjects,  will  enable  us  to  enumerate 
briefly  some  of  the  subjects  which 
they  illustrate.  These  are,  Lotteries 
in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  (an  exceed- 
ingly curious  assemblage  of  docu- 
ments) ;  the  mode  of  raising  money  by 
Privy  Seals  and  Benevolences;  the 
religious  policy  of  Elizabeth's  minis- 
ters, in  the  treatment  of  papists  and 
sectaries,  and  matters  relating  to  the 
parochial  clergy  ;  the  confinement  of 
Henry  2d  Earl  of  Southampton  at 
Losely,  as  a  suspected  papist ;  Royal 
Visits  to  Loseley,  and  general  court 
news;  purveyance  for  the  Royal  house, 
hold  ;  the  Plague ;  the  Spanish  Ar- 
mada ;  and  the  office  of  Master  of  the 
Swans  for  Surrey  (in  illustration  of 
which  subject  some  fac-similcs  are 
given  from  a  roll  of  swan-marks*). 

Here  we  pause, — regretting  the  haste 
with  which  we  have  been  obliged  to 
run  over  the  Elizabethan  evidences  of 
Loseley  ;  but  with  confidence  that  we 
have  named  enough  to  induce  our  rea- 
ders to  refer  to  the  volume  itself. 

The  next  article  is  a  series  of  letters 
i  elating  to  the  clandestine  marriage  of 
Mr.  John  Donne,  the  celebrated  poet, 
and  afterwards  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
with  Ann  More,  daughlerof  Sir  George 
Moore  of  Loseley.  The  circumstances 
have  been  correctly  recorded  by  his 
biographer  Isaac  Walton,  whose  nar- 
rative is  remarkably  confirmed  by  the 
letters  now  produced.  There  are  seven 
letters  of  Donne,  fourof  them  addressed 
to  Sir  George  More,  the  offended  fa- 
ther, and  three  to  Lord  Chancellor 
Egerton,  his  own  no  less  offended 


*  The  bills  of  the  swans  were  engraved  : 
Lorde  Wyll'm  Howard,  two  notches, 
and  W.  Ho. :  Lorde  of  Buckurste,  two 
keys,  allusive  to  his  office  of  Lord  Trea- 
surer ;  Lady  Lyncolne,  the  two  mullets 
trom  the  Clinton  arms ;  the  Vynteners, 
a  rude  V,  with  two  notches  and  two  circles. 
A  whole  roll  of  97  swan-marks,  in  use  on 
the  river  Witham  in  Lincolnshire,  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  is  engraved  in  the 
Archa-ologia,  vol.  xvi.  accompanied  by  a 
copy  of  the  ordinances  then  in  force,  com- 
municated to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
by  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Banks. 


osclei/  Manuscripts.  [Dec. 

x  t  m 

master,  whose  family  circle  had  been 
invaded,  as  the  young  lady  was  niece 
to  bis  wife,  and  a  visitor  in  his  lord- 
ship's house.  There  is  also  another 
letter  relating  to  the  same  business 
from  Mr.  Christopher  Brooke,  Donne's 
friend,  who  had  presumed  to  take  the 
part  of  giving  away  the  hand  of  the 
bride,  and  was  suffering  in  consequence 
a  tedious  imprisonment  in  the  Mar- 
shalsea.  Donne's  letters  are  euphu  iatic 
and  elaborate  performances,  yet  evinc- 
ing a  contention  between  natural  sen- 
timents and  the  artificial  texture  of  the 
style  then  cultivated  ;  and  if  the  roagh 
outbursts  of  indignation  or  of  grief  are 
not  displayed,  yet  he  rises  in  parts  to 
a  highly  finished  and  affecting  pathos. 
The  following  is  the  commencement  of 
a  letter  written  when  his  patience  had 
been  long  tried,  to  Sir  Thomas  Eger- 
ton : — 

44  That  offence  wch  was  to  God  in  this 
matter,  his  mercy  hath  assured  my  con- 
science is  pardoned.  The  commissr*  who 
minister  his  anger  and  mercy,  incline  al*o 
to  reniitt  yt.  Sr  George  More,  of  whose 
learninge  and  wisdome  I  have  good  know- 
ledge, and  therefore  good  hope  of  his  mo- 
derac'on,  hath  sayd  before  hik  last  goinge, 
y*  he  was  so  far  from  being  any  cawse  or 
mover  of  my  punishment  or  disgrace,  that 
if  yt  fitted  bis  reputac'n  he  would  be  a 
suter  to  yr  L'p  for  my  restorynge.  All 
these  irons  are  knock'd  of;  yett  I  perish 
in  as  heavy  fetters  as  ever,  whilst  I  lan- 
guish under  yor  L'p*  anger.  H  ow  soone 
my  history  is  dispatched  I  I  was  carefully 
and  honestly  bred  ;  enjoyd  an  indifferent 
fortune ;  I  had  (and  I  had  understandings 
enough  to  valew  yt)  the  sweetnes  and  se- 
curity of  a  freedome  and  independency  ; 
w'thowt  marking  owt  to  my  hopes  any 

Elace  of  profitt.  I  had  a  desire  to  be  yor 
•'pa  servant,  by  the  favor  w*h  yr  good 
sonn's  love  to  me  obtein'd.  I  was  four 
years  yor  L'ps  secretary,  not  dishonest 
nor  gredy.  The  sicknes  of  w*k  I  dyed  ye, 
that  I  begonnc  in  yor  L'ps  house  thi* 
love." 

The  following  passage  in  a  letter, 
written  several  years  after  to  his  bro- 
ther-in-law Sir  Robert  More,  is  inte- 
resting, from  the  allusion  made  to  the 
troubles  attendant  on  his  marriage : — 

41  We  are  condemned  to  thys  desart  of 
London  for  all  thys  sommer,  for  yt  ys  com. 
pany  not  houses  which  distinguishes  be- 
tween cityes  and  desarts.  When  I  began 
to  apprehend,  that  even  to  myselfe,  who 
can  releive  myselfe  upon  books,  solitairne* 
was  a  litle  burdenous,  1  bcleeved  yt  would 


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1835.] 


Review. — The  Loseley  Manuscripts. 


423 


be  much  more  so  to  my  wyfe,  if  she  were 
left  alone.  So  much  company,  therforo, 
as  I  ame,  she  shall  not  want ;  and  we  had 
not  one  another  at  so  chcape  a  rate,  as  y* 
we  should  ever  be  wearye  of  one  another." 

Mr.  Kempe  points  out  the  fact  that 
Donne  always  spells  the  participle  done 
like  his  own  name ;  and  also  that  in  a 
copy  of  the  sentence  of  the  Ecclesias- 
tical Court  it  is  throughout  written 
Dunn  ;  thus  showing  that  its  pronun- 
ciation was  not  according  to  the  ordi- 
nary practice  of  the  present  day  ;  and 
that  it  was  by  no  means  a  forced  play 
upon  sounds,  when  he  attached  to  a 
letter,  shortly  after  his  marriage,  the 
quaint  subscription  "  John  Donne, 
Anne  Donne,  undonne." 

"  Donne's  letters  in  the  Loseley  MSS. 
are  sealed  with  the  crest  of  his  family,  a 
sheaf  of  snakes.  On  taking  orders  be  is 
said  to  have  exchanged  this  device  for  one 
of  his  own  imagining,  Christ  fixed  to  an 
anchor  instead  of  a  cross :  with  this  he 
caused  several  seals  to  be  engraved,  which 
is  presents  among  his  f 


In  aflosion  to  this  circumstance,  he  wrote 


a  copy  of  Latin  verse 3 ,  headed,  4  To  Mr. 
George  Herbert,  sent  him  with  one  of  my 
seals  of  the  anchor  and  Christ.  A  sheaf 
of  snakes  used  heretofore  to  be  my  seal, 
which  is  the  crest  of  my  poor  family.* 
The  Latin  verses  begin, 

Qui  prius  assuetus  serpentum  fasce  ta- 
bellas 

Signere  (hsscnostrte  symbolaparva  domus), 

and  the  English  paraphrase  of  them, 

Adopted  in  God's  family,  and  so 
Our  old  coat  lost,  unto  new  arms  I  go, 
The  cross  (my  seal  at  baptism)  spread  be- 
low, 

Does  by  that  form  into  an  anchor  grow/* 

Walton  says  that  the  seals  were 
made  "  not  long  before  his  death ;" 
but  Mr.  Kempe's  statement,  that  it 
was  on  his  taking  holy  orders,  seems 
to  be  supported  by  the  lines  he  has 
quoted.  One  of  these  seals,  tradition- 
ally the  very  one  presented  to  George 
Herbert,  was  existing  in  1807,  when 
a  representation  of  it  was  engraved  in 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  from  which 
the  above  little  woodcut  is  copied. 

"  In  a  letter  to  his  friend,  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  Provost  of  Eton,  also  extant 
among  the  Loseley  MSS.  without  date, 
but  written  after  the  death  of  his  wife, 
and  his  elevation  to  the  Deanery  of  St. 
Paul' s,  he  alters  his  former  mode  of  sub- 
scription to  that  of 


^f0^  ^v^f  fr*ju  (fr^^x  twd" 


The  next  letters  are  some  of  the  ce- 
lebrated Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury, 
who,  having  been  in  wardship  to  Sir 
George  More,  addressed  him  as  "  his 
most  honoured  father,"  and  subscribed 
himself  as  "  Your  adopted  sonne  in 
name,  but  naturall  all  other  wayes." 

Several  letters  on  miscellaneous  sub- 
jects we  must  now  pass  over ;  and  con- 
tent ourselves  with  merely  mentioning 
that  there  is  a  letter  describing  the 
trial  of  Raleigh,  &c.  in  1603,  and 
two  original  warrants  relating  to  the 
same  illustrious  man,  addressed  to  Sir 


George  More  when  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower. 

We  then  arrive  at  some  letters  which 
are  perhaps  the  most  historically  im- 
portant in  the  Loseley  collection.  Sir 
George  More  was  the  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower,  who  had  the  custody  of  the 
Earl  of  Somerset,  a  prisoner  who  had 
for  some  time  previous  held  the  su- 
preme power  in  this  country,  and  to- 
wards whom  King  James  had  conde- 
scended to  such  a  degrading  familiarity, 
that  the  infatuated  young  man  could 
scarcely  believe  in  his  altered  situation. 


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424  Revibw.— The  Loteley  Manuscripts. 

Confident  in  some  mysterious  secrets,  was  the  high  way  to  his  murther ;  and 

he  declared  that  the  King  dared  not  to  this  I  take  to  be  the  soundest  opinion 

bring  him  to  his  trial.  There  are  unfortunately  a  host  of 

These  circumstances  havefceen  trans-  other  accomplices.   The  Countess  was 

mitted  by  the  memoirs  of  Anthony  undoubtedly  guilty.  Her  uncle  North- 

Weldon.  who  states  indeed  that  his  arapton's  own  letters  also  convict  him  of 

information   was   derived   from   Sir  a  guilty  knowledge.  SirGervaseElwas, 

George  More  himself ;  and  the  King's  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  confessed 

letters  (already  published,  it  may  be  to  a  passive  guilt ;  and  the  Countess 

recollected,  in  the  Archaologia,  by  the  and  Mrs.  Turner  had  other  willing  m- 

late  Mr.  Bray,  though  without  note  or  struments. 

comment),  prove  the  outline  of  the  That  the  King  had  something  to  fear 

story  as  we  have  stated  it.  Mr.  Kerape  from  any  desperate  declaration  that 

has  here,  as  elsewhere,  performed  his  Somerset  might  make,  is  undeniable ; 

editorial  part  in  an  interesting  manner,  and  it  is  true  that  James  speaks  of  the 

by  giving  a  summary  narrative  of  the  poisoning.  But  that,  we  imagine,  was 

Overbury  tragedy  and  its  consequences,  a  blind.    His  most  remarkable  letter 

though  we  think  he  has  followed  too  is  this  : 

implicitly  the  authority  of  the  slander-  M  Goode  Sir  George, 

ous  Weldon.*    He  concludes  with  the  I  am  extreamlie  sorie  that  your  unfor- 

inquiry,  "  What  impartial  mind  can  tunate  prisoner  turais  all  the  great  caire  I 

altogether  acquit  James  under  these  have  of  him,  not  onlie  against  himselfe. 


altogether  acquit  James  under  these  have  of  him,  not  onlie  against  himselfe. 
suspicious  circumstances  ?  He  might,  Jut  against  me  also,  as  farre  as  he  can. 
wX.t  a  direct  participate,  £e  IZ^^X^^ 
heard  hints  from  Somerset,  that  Ov  er-  ft  fa  ?  a  trikke  of  hU  vdlc  ^ 
bury  was  not  likely  to  be  in  a  condi-  ing  thairby  t0  gnifte  ma  tryall;  but  is  easie 
tion  again  to  disobey,"  &c.  Now  we  t0  De  geene  tnat  ne  woi,ie  threaten  me 
must  own  we  fully  acquit  James  of  witn  laying  an  aspersion  upon  me  of  be. 
any  collusion  with  the  poisoning  ;  and  jng  in  some  sorte  accessorie  to  his  cryme, 
even  think  that  proof  is  deficient  I  can  doe  no  more  (since  God  so  abstractea 
against  the  Earl;  who,  as  is  mentioned  his  grace  from  him,)  then  repete  the  sub- 
in  the  memorandum  preserved  with  stance  of  that  letre  quhiche  the  Lord  Haye 
these  very  letters,  "  ever  stoode  on  his  »ent  you  yesternight,  quhiche  is  this : 

innocency,  and  wold  never  be  brought  ZJZZT?t!Z!!?tt 

to  coofes  that  he  had  any  hand  with  ^ 

his  wyfe  in  the  poysoninge  of  Over-  {£J    hiche  j  ^  J  now  ^  hoaoyxK 

berye,  knewe  not  of  it,  nor  consented  regga^e    rivatliet  x  maye  do  it  after  his 

unto  itt.    And  I  have  often  taulked  tryallt  ^  wrve  the  turne  as  well;  for 

with  Mr.  James,  his  chyfe  servant,  excepte  ather  his  tryall  or  confession  pre- 

about  it,  who  ever  was  of  opinione  yt  cettC|  i  cannot  heare  a  private  message 

my  Lord  was  cleere,  and  his  ladye  only  from  him,  without  laying  an  aspersion 

guiltie  ;  for  one  Mrs.  Tumour  told  him  upon  myselfe  of  being  an  accessorie  to  his 

that  litell  did  my  Lord  knowe  what  she  cryme ;  and  I  pray  you  to  urge  him  by 

had  adventured  for  his  ladye/*t  that  1  refuse  him  no  favoure 

Weldon  himself  says,  speaking  of  quhiche  l  ean  graunte  him, ,  without  taking 

c           ,   „       ,„              L-     _, -if„  upon  me  the  suspicion  of  being  guiltie  of 

thought  him  guilty  only  of  the  breach 

of  friendship  (and  that  in  a  high  point)  We  here  find  that  James  feared  no 

by  suffering  his  imprisonment,  which  publicity  in  the  matter  of  the  poison- 

  mg ;  at  the  same  time  that  he  endea- 

*  The  fullest  account  of  the  trial,  with  yours  to  confine  the  mind  of  his  cor- 

many  letters  and  other  documents  incor-  respondent  to  the  supposition  that  the 

Cated,  is  in  the  pamphlet  called,  "Truth  threatg  of  Somerset  were  directed  to 

•  Ug^.  l?uUlht   y  Tl  »f£  W  that  only.    In  conveying  this  imprea- 

pnnted  in  the  Somers  collection  of  Tracts;  .     .    '    .  ,  ,„                 .  _„j 

and  other  particulars  will  be  found  in  ?,on  he  Pro*ablX  8UCce^ed  I  and  such 

Nichols's  Progresses,  &c.  of  King  James,  "npress.on  Sir  George  More  would  re- 

t  P.  406.    The  writer  was  one  who  tain  when,  some  vears  after,  he  related 

styles  Sir  George  More  M  father- in-lawe:"  the  story  to  Weldon.     The  latter, 

qn.  Who  ?  whose  intimacy  with  all  the  scandal 
8 

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1835] 


Review. — Mathews'd  Hydraulfa. 


of  the  back  stairs  would  immediately 
suggest  to  him  that  the  King  might 
entertain  motives  of  a  different  charac- 
ter,* was  yet  too  malignant  to  lose  the 
opportunity  of  blackening  with  another 
dye  the  character  of  his  late  master. 
He  had,  and  improved,  other  opportu- 
nities for  aggravating  the  suspicions 
attached  to  James's  moral  reputation  ; 
this  afforded  an  occasion  for  vilifying 
him  in  a  different  direction. 

The  interpretation  we  are  ourselves 
inclined  to  put  on  James's  fears  will 
now  be  perceived;  to  undeitake  to 
adduce  the  grounds  for  such  an  opinion 
were  an  ungracious  and  repulsive  task. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  that  the  Court  history 
of  the  reign  affords  many  occasional 
intimations  that  the  familiar  amuse- 
ments of  that  most  extraordinary  com- 
pound. King  James  the  First,  were 
low,  unseemly,  and  degrading,  if  not 
absolutely  vicious ;  whilst  Lord  Hailes 
has  stated,  that  there  are  such  matters 
in  James's  own  letters,  now  preserved 
at  Edinburgh,  as  will  not  bear  the  light. 
At  the  same  time,  we  fully  believe 
that,  in  his  public  character,  James 
endeavoured,  however  self-sufficient 
and  frequently  mistaken,  to  act  his 
part  on  those  principles  which  justly 
redound  to  the  honour  of  a  sovereign; 
that  he  was  a  sincere  lover  of  peace, 
and  was  neither  sanguinary  nor  vin- 
dictive, and  that  he  believed  himself, 
and  endeavoured  to  be,  as  perfect  an 
arbiter  of  justice,  as  an  oracle  of  learn- 
ing, and  an  example  of  "  kingcraft." 
"When,  on  the  first  disclosure  of  the 
Overbury  tragedy,  he  declared  that 
justice  should  have  its  course,  let  who- 
ever be  the  sufferer,  we  give  him  credit 
for  sincerity.  Somerset,  as  the  wri- 
ter before  quoted  remarks,  was  "  a 
courtiour,  and  beaten  tothesecourses;" 
the  royal  lessons  in  policy  and  court 


*  The  belief  that  Prince  Henry  had 
died  from  poison  was  very  prevalent :  and 
many  historical  writers,  combining  that 
circumstance  with  the  matter  before  us, 
have  not  hesitated  to  inculpate  the  King 
in  his  murder.  It  was  also  supposed  that 
some  hint*,  regarding  Prince  Henry's  fate, 
thrown  out  at  the  Earl  of  Somerset's  trial 
by  Chief  Justice  Coke,  led  to  the  disgrace 
©f  that  great  lawyer,  which  took  place 
just  after.  But  there  is  no  ground  for 
believing  that  Prince  Henry  did  suffer 
fmm  poison,  as  the  narratives  of  his  illness 
show. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


tactics  hestowed  upon  the  favourite 
had  not  been  thrown  away ;  and  the 
pupil  was  a  match  for  the  master. 
The  boldness  and  dexterity  of  Somer- 
set, armed  with  *'  bigg  wordes  touch- 
inge  on  the  Kinges  reputation  and  ho- 
nour," stayed  the  course  of  justice, 
and  enabled  him  to  make  a  bargain  for 
his  escape  from  that  extreme  punish- 
ment by  which  a  man  of  less  spirit, 
even  if  less  guilty,  would  have  been 
overwhelmed. 

We  will  not  conclude  without  again 
acknowledging  the  pleasing  manner  in 
which  the  editor  has  arranged  his  ma- 
terials, and  thanking  him  for  the  inte- 
resting observations  with  which  he 
has  introduced  the  several  subjects, 
and  to  which  we  may  justly  apply  the 
line, 

Indocti  discent,  ct  ament  meminisse  pcritL 


Hydraulia.  By  William  Mathews.  8«o. 

BEFORE  the  New  River  was  brought 
from  its  distant  bed  by  the  exertions 
of  Sir  Hugh  Middleton,  to  supply  the 
increasing  wants  of  the  metropolis,  the 
inhabitants  depended  either  on  the 
Thames,  or  ou  the  numerous  springs 
which  arose  in  the  high  grounds  north 
and  west  of  the  city.  Among  these, 
Holywetf,  ClerkeniceW,  and  St.  Cle- 
ment's well,  may  be  esteemed  the  prin- 
cipal. The  river  IVelU,  or  Wall- 
brook,  flowed  through  the  city.  There 
was  also,  according  to  Stowe,  another 
water  called  Old-borne  (bourn  means 
brook).  Besides  these  principal  foun- 
tains, there  were  several  other  wells. 
Skinner's  well,  Fag's  well,  Tode  well. 
Ladies'  well,  and  Radwell,  and  others. 
These  wells  and  springs,  in  process  of 
time,  by  building  and  heightening  of 
ground,  became  utterly  decayed  ;  and 
as  the  inhabitants  increased,  it  was 
necessary  to  seek  for  other  supplies.  In 
the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third,  cisterns 
and  conduits  with  pipes  were  first 
made.  In  1433  a  large  conduit  was 
formed  at  Highbury  by  Sir  William 
East  fie  Id,  which  to  this  day  supplies 
some  of  the  houses  with  water.  From 
this  time  to  about  1544,  fresh  springs 
were  explored  at  Harapstead,  Muswell- 
hill,  Paddington,  Hackney — and  con- 
duits made  ;  Lambe's  Conduit  also  was 
formed  of  several  springs  collected ; 
and  recourse  was  had  to  the  Thames 
by  the  same  means  for  larger  supplies. 

4  L 


626 


Review. — Mathews's  Hijdraulia. 


Conduit-street  was  named  from  a  con- 
duit head  formed  there.    The  old  cis- 
terns which  conveyed  the  rivulet  of 
Tybourn  (now  Mary-le-bone)  are  still 
existing  under  the  coffee-house  at  the 
corner  of   Stratford-place,  Oxford- 
street.  White  Conduit-house  also  co- 
vered a  spring;  but  the  great  fire  of 
London  proved  very  destructive  to  se- 
veral of  these  reservoirs.    About  1582 
an  attempt  was  made  to  force  water 
from  the  Thames,  which  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  the  London -bridge  Water- 
works.   This  was  projected  by  Peter 
Morice,  a  Dutchman.    The  constant 
augmentation,  however,  of  the  metro- 
polis, rendered  all  these  supplies  in- 
sufficient ;   and   the  Corporation  of 
London  obtained  an  act  of  Parliament 
to  empower  them  to  cut  a  river  for 
conveying  water  from  any  part  of  Mid- 
dlesex or  Hertfordshire.    This,  how- 
ever,was never  executed;  and  at  length, 
after  much  delay,  an  act  of  the  Com- 
mon Council,  dated  28th  March,  1609, 
authorized  the  conveyance  to  Sir  Hugh 
Middleton  of  all  the  power  necessary 
for  constructing  the  New  River,  and 
bringing  its  copious  supply  into  the 
heart  of  the  metropolis.    On  the  29th 
Sept.  1613,  the  long-expected  water 
entered  the  reservoir,  now  denominated 
the  New- River  Head,  in  the  parish  of 
Clerkenwell.    The  exact  extent  of  the 
New  River  is  38  miles  three  quarters  and 
sixteen  poles.    The  number  of  bridges 
erected  on  it  amount  to  more  than  160. 
The  fall  averages  about  three  inches  a 
mile,  and  the  depth  is  generally  about 
eighteen  feet,  the  width  five.  The 
springs  have  their  rise  in  the  villages 
of  Amwcll  and  Chadwell.    The  reser- 
voirs at  Clerkenwell  are  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  84  feet  and  a  half  above  the  level 
of  the  Thames ;  but  by  means  of  steam- 
engines  the  water  is  conveyed  CO  feet 
higher.    The  district  of  the  New  Ri- 
ver Company  extends  to  the  west  of 
Northumberland   House,  Cockspur- 
street,    the    Haymarket,  Windmill- 
street,  Poland- street,  the  south  side  of 
Oxford-street  to  Tottenham  Court- 
road,  and  Hampstead-road  to  Camden 
Town ;  thence  to  St.  Pancras  Work- 
house and  east  of  Kentish  Town  to 
Highgate.   Its  eastern  boundary  is  the 
east  side  of  St.  Catharine's  Docks, 
Rosemary-lane,  to  Whitechapel,  Bi- 
shopgate-street  to  Shored  itch,  Hack- 
ney-brook, to  Stoke  Newington  and 


Edmonton  Church.  This  district  con- 
tains about  73,000  houses.  The  aggre- 
gate supply  afforded  by  this  establish- 
ment is  about  80,000,000  hogsheads 
per  annum.  Besides  this,  the  company 
has  a  reservoir  on  theTharoes,  at  Broken 
Wharf,  which  may  be  used  in  cases  of 
an  urgent  nature,  such  as  severe  frosts, 
or  droughts,  which  may  occasion  a 
deficiency  or  interruption  in  the  supply 
of  the  New  River.    The  original  con- 
struction, with  the  successive  improve- 
ments of  the  New  River  works  have  al- 
together amounted  to  about  1,250,000/. 
Subsequent  to  this,  as  is  well  known, 
many  other  companies  have  been  form- 
ed for  the  supply  of  other  parts  of  the 
metropolis.    Wc  shall  just  give  an  out- 
line of  their  comparative  extent. 

Hon%e»  Galons  Chanre. 
nouses.  per(jav  ^  t°  ^ 

New  River  73,212  241  '  1  6  6 

Chelsea  13,891  168  1  13  3 

West  Middlesex..  16,000  185  2  16  10 

Grand  Junction..  11,140  350  2  8  6 

East  London  ....46,421  120  1  2  9 

South  London  ..12,046  100  0  15  0 

Lambeth  16,682  124  0  17  0 

Southwark             7,100  156  1  1  3 

The  Southwark  works  are  private  pro- 
perty. For  a  more  copious  detail  of 
these  subjects,  together  with  the  vari- 
ous proposals  to  supply  London  with 
water  from  other  sources,  as  well  as 
some  interesting  details  on  the  quality 
of  Thames  water  at  different  stations 
up  the  river,  we  beg  to  refer  to  Mr. 
Mathews's  excellent  and  well-written 
work. 


I.  The  Rich  and  the  Poor,  and  the  new 
Poor  Laics ;  a  Sermon  on  their  sepa- 
rate station,  mutual  de^temhfiice ,  and 
peculiar  duties ;  with  suggestions  to 
meet  the  new  difficulties  to  be  expected, 
and  advice  to  the  poor  and  their  em- 
ployers. Preached  at  Dunstable,  Dec. 
21,  1834,  by  the  Rev,  S.  Piggott, 
A.M.  Rector,    12mo.  pp.  33. 

II .  Observations  on  the  prevailing  Prac- 
tice of  supplying  Medical  Assistance 
to  the  Poor, commonly  called  the  farm- 
ing of  Parishes ;  with  suggestions  for 
the  establishment  of  Parochial  Medi- 
cine Chests  or  Infirmaries  in  Agricul- 
tural Districts. 

III.  An  Abstract  of  Mr.  Smith's  Phn 
for  self-supporting  Charitable  and 
Parochial  Dispensaries    IVith  a  list 
of  the  Committee  est  all  is/ted  in  Lo%- 


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1835.] 


Review.— Medical  Assistance  to  the  Poor. 


627 


don  for  the  promotion  of  these  Insti- 
tutions.   8vo.  pp.  23. 

THE  design  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pig- 
gott's  address,  and  of  the  other  pam- 
phlets before  us,  is  evidently  the  im- 
provement of  the  moral  health  of  so- 
ciety, by  promoting  an  adjustment  of 
the  opposite,  and  but  too  frequently  con- 
flicting, interests  of  the  rich  and  poor, 
or  by  the  application  of  lenitives  calcu- 
lated to  abate  the  evils  consequent  upon 
a  collision  of  interest  when  unavoid- 
able.   With  this  view,  after  reminding 
his  auditory,  both  rich  and  poor,  of 
their  common  origin  aud  mutual  obli- 
gation, the  former  to  aid,  befriend,  and 
protect,  and  the  latter  cheerfully  to  toil 
and  faithfully  to  serve,  he  suggests  to 
the  poorer  part  of  the  persons  present 


ton-on-Trent,  Derby,  Rugby,  Lyraing- 
ton,  Wellesbourne,  &c.  &c.  on  a  plan 
which  is  both  simple  and  efficient. 
That  at  Coventry  has  been  peculiarly 
successful.  According  to  the  report 
of  1834,  a  fund  subscribed  by  its  mem- 
bers in  one  year  (amounting  to  not  more 
than  400/.  12a.)  procured  them  medical 
aid  in  1668  cases  of  sickness,  of  which 
515  were  visited  at  their  own  rooms, 
and  52  were  midwifery  cases.  Exclu- 
sive of  some  small  contributions  by 
wealthy  individuals,  these  Dispensa- 
ries derive  their  means  of  support  from 
the  poor  families  for  whose  use  they 
are  established.  Each  subscriber  can 
entitle  him  or  herself  to  the  benefits  of 
medical  advice  and  assistance  when 
needed,  by  a  penny  subscription  paid 


the  poorer  part  of  the  persons  present  week,  ^  fou*  cnce  pcr  month.  The 
the  expediency  of  establishing /riene%  >        f  influential  pcrson9  in  a 

casociatione,  as  one  means  whereby  .   .   , , 


neighbourhood  is,  of  course,  desirable; 
they  may  ensure  to  themselves  a  few  ^*  q(  thc  hial  authorities.  to  a 
of  the  advantages  of  fortune  which  are   #  .  nnU.   .^n;»iMn.  nnd 


vantage 

otherwise  unattainable.  The  preacher 
addresses  himself  to  the  several  classes 
of  society  in  support  of  his  recommen- 
dation, with  great  force  and  propriety; 
urging  upon  them  respectively  a  con- 
duct suited  to  their  stations.  It  would 
be  an  act  of  great  kindness  to  the  poor, 
as  well  as  of  justice  to  the  author  of 


certain  extent  only,  admissible ;  and, 
were  there  not  other  equally  weighty 
considerations,  the  smallncss  of  the 
fund  must  necessarily  exclude  the  ha- 
bitually vicious  and  intemperate  from 
a  participation  of  the  benefits  of  these 
institutions ;  but  to  the  moral  and 
virtuous  poor  the  advantages  which 


as  well  as  of  justice  to  the  autnor  oi  .  hoW  out  are  incalculable.  Many 
this  tract  to  circulate  it  extensively.  f  £  hav{,  befin  eserved  in  iife  by 
The  other  pamphlets  before  us  are  ^  ^  aW  and  not  a  few  of 
equally  worthy  of  attention.  Iney  those  who  haye  received  as8istance 
relate  to  an  important  branch  of  the 
subject  of  Mr.  Piggott's  address— the 
medical  ceconomy  of  parishes.  The 


observations  in  No.  II.  are  stated  to 
have  prepared  the  way  for  the  last 
parliamentary  inquiry  on  the  subject. 
The  Report  of  the  Warwick  Com- 
mittee, No.  III.  followed,  and  led  to 
the  plan  of  a  district  dispensary  pro- 
posed by  Mr.  Henry  Lilly  Smith, 
surgeon,  of  Southara,  whose  unwea- 


from  them,  have  been  thus  protected 
from  the  necessity  of  going  into  the 
workhouse  under  the  pressure  of  tem- 
porary sickuess,  at  the  certain  cost  of 
subjecting  themselves  during  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives  to  the  badge  of 
pauperism  ;  which,  we  rejoice  to  say, 
is  still  regarded,  and  long  may  it  con- 
tinue to  be  so,  with  detestation  by 
many  poor  families. 

Several  other  pamphlets  on  this  sub- 


•u.gi.uu,  ~.  — - — --------  Several  oiner  pampaiLus  un  im^ 

ried  attention  to  this  subject  merits  .   t  have  made  their  appearance  in  the 

high  commendation.  Midland  and  Western  Counties  ;  from 
A  society  for  promoting  the  esta-  we  leam  that  the  Dispensaries 

blishraent  of  self-supporting  Medical  fae  m&de  M  useful  in  thinly  peopied 

Dispensaries  was  formed  in  Warwick-  '  ftre  jn  lous  districts  ;  and 
shire  in  1830 ;  and  sixteen  others  have  ^  thci/u»i8tancc,  the  cholera 

since  been  established  in  that  and  h^  be(m  succe88fllliy  encountered  in 

neighbouring  counties ;  viz.  at  Southam,  gome  of  districta# 
Coventry,  Birmingham,  Walsall,  Bur- 

ZZl/^^lVH^;  *»  ««,  m,  volume,  of  oear.y 


Digitized  by  Google 


62t?                           Miscellaneous  Reviews.  [Dec 

1000  pages,  is  an  historical  record  of  taken  from  the  spirited  narrative  of  Ber- 

tome  importance,  with  Which  persons  en-  nnl  Diaz.    We  cannot  say  mueh  in  praise 

gaged  in  Indian  commerce  ought  by  all  of  the  fictitious  characters  which  are  in- 

means  to  be  acquainted.    In  the  Appen-  troduced  to  embellish  it.    The  sacrificial 

dix  and  Supplement,  will  be  found  seve-  fight  of  Gusman  is  better  given  in  Sou- 

ral  original  historical  documents,  and  theyrs  Madoc.    Dr.  Bird  has  made  a  pro. 

particularly  a  brief  chronological  state-  digious  mistake  in  affirming,  that  the 

ment  of  the  distinguished  naval  services  Arbol  de  las  Manitas  *  is  only  found  in 

and  exploits  performed  by  the  East  India  the  royal  garden  of  Mexico  ;  it  abound* 

Company's  commercial  marine.  in  other  parts  of  South  America.  He 

This  paper  commences  by  stating  that,  also   observe?,   that  according    to  the 

in  the  year  44  1C01,  the  first  fleet  under  Vulgate,  •  the  good  tidings  of  great  joy* 

Lancaster  took  possession  of  St.  Helena;  offered  peace  only  to  men  of  good-will, 

entered  into  a  treaty  with  the  King  of  pax  hominibus  bona  voluntatis,  which  de- 

Acheen  ;  settled  a  factory  at  Bantam,  srroys  the  sublimity  of  the  conception, 

and  captured  a  valuable  carrack  of  900  by  narrowing  down  the  benevolence  of  the 

tons  burthen."    Proceeding  in  this  com-  Deity,  and  deprives  of  the  blessing  of 

pendious  manner,  it  narrates  briefly  the  peace  that  majority  of  men,  who,  not  being 

several  naval  triumphs   achieved,   and  men  of  good-will,  have  the  greatest  need 

public  services  rendered  by  the  East  India  of  it.    The  Doctor,  however,  might  hive 

Company's  Marine,  during  the  17th  and  saved  himself  nil  his  scholarship,  had  he 

1 8th  centuries,  and  down  to  the  year  considered  that  it  ought  to  be  translated, 

1822.    Although  the  legislative  enact-  '  The  peace  of  good-will  to  all  men/ 

ment  which  threw  open  the  India  trade,   

has  necessarily  brought  this  account  to  a  The  Lind  woods.  By  Miss  Sedgwick, 
close,  no  time  will  obliterate  the  many  3  vols. — Miss  Sedgwick  is  an  American : 
brilliant  exploits  it  records :  which  cither  and  the  scene  of  the  novel  is  laid  in  her 
have  been,  or  will  be,  embodied  in  the  own  country.  It  is  written  with  clever- 
naval  and  colonial  history  of  Great  Britain,  ness,  though  the  historical  part,  in  which 

•  Generals  Washington  and  Clinton  are 

Ernesto.  By  William  Smith,  Esq.  (Li-  mingled  with  the  imaginative  characters, 
brary  of  Romance,  vol.  xv^ — The  events  is  rather  queer  and  injudicious.  Tint  the 
in  this  philosophical  romance,  are  in  the  young  lady  is  not  wanting  in  a  proper 
highest  degree  improbable ;  nor  can  we  spirit  of  patriotism  and  independence, 
praise  cither  the  agreeableness  of  the  nar-  may  be  judged  by  the  following  quotation: 
rative,  the  skilfulness  with  which  the  we  do  not  believe  a  novelist  this  side  the 
characters  are  drawn,  or  the  tendency  of  water  would  have  made  a  lover  poji  the 
the  story.  The  moral  wanted  neither  question  in  the  following  words:  4*  I 
contrasts  so  violent,  nor  colours  so  ex-  thought,  if  I  were  a  Pagan,  I  should  em- 
ag  ire  rated.  body  my  divinity  in  just  such  a  form,  and 
  fall  down  and  worship  it.    That  might 

The  Enthusiast ;  altered from  the  Ger-  h*ve  bcen  what  the  world  caUs  falling  in 

man  of  C.  Splindler.    (Library  of  Ro-  Iove'  but  lt  was  far  from  the  all-couUol- 

mance,  vol.  xix.J — A  wild  German  tale  of  Ua&  sentiment  I  now  profess  to  you.  Our 

things  improbable,  incredible,  impossible,  acquaintance  has  been  short  (I  date  fur- 

What  such  romances  as  these  are  to  effect,  ther  back  t1,an  a  week)  ?  but  in  ihu  >bort 

whether  to  enrich  the  imagination,  to  im-  period,  I  have  seen  your  mind  casting  off 

prove  the  taste,  to  purify  the  morals,  or  tbc  shackles  of  early  prejudice,  resisting 

to  delight  the  fancy,  we  cannot  tell.  tl,e  authority  of  opinion,  self- rectified, 

Alas !  our  English  mind  is  much  perverted,  ttnd  forming  its  independent  judgments 

if  it  leaves  its  old  plain  substantial  food,  on  tlWe  &rcat  interests  in  which  the 

to  feed  on  capsicums,  cavenne-pepper,  honour  and  prosperity  of  your  country  are 

and  devil'd  biscuits,  prepared  by  Messrs.  evolved.    (  Why  does  not  the  man  come 

Splindler  and  Company.  to  the  Point  ■)    1  have  gloried  in  seeing 

.  you  willing  to  sacrifice  the  pride,  the  ex- 

The  lAtnd  of  Vision,  or  Glimpses  of  the  clusive  vanitv'  and  ^X  the  ultle  ",o1 

Past,   Present,  and  /Vvre.— We  like  unities  of  accidental  distinctions,  to  the 

neither  the  design  nor  the  execution  of  P°Pu,*r  and  generous  side.    (Here  the 

this  work.    We  do  not  think  it  conducive  young  lady  grows  very  fidgety.)  Nay, 

to  the  promotion  either  of  learning  or  bear  me  out»  Isabella,  I  will  uot  leave 
piety. 

  *  The  Doctor  says,  the  1  Dahlia'  is 

Cortes,-  or  the  Fall  of  Mexico.    By  called  the  4  flower  of  the  dead,'  'that 

Dr.  Bird.  :i  vols. — The  historical  part  of  ghosts  come  to  snuff  at.'  Upou  what  sun- 

this  Novel  is  the  most  interesting,  being  posed  propriety  or  accident  is  this  ? 


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1835.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


629 


you,  till  you  admit  that  I  have  deliberate- 
ly elected  the  sovereign  of  my  affections," 
&c.  He  then  goes  on  about  shackles, 
freedom,  constitution,  independence  of 
control,  and  most  progressive  Nature. 
We  should  have  taken  it  for  his  maiden 
speech,  instead  of  his  speech  to  a  maiden. 
We  have  often  heard  of  Love  going  in 
disguise,  but  never  before  in  the  shape  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  or  Doctor  Channing, 
or  Timothy  Dwight. 

Plant agenet.  3  vols. — There  is  a  good 
deal  of  talent  in  the  world  running  waste  ; 
and  there  are  a  number  of  clever  men 
whose  abilities  do  no  good  either  to  them* 
selves  or  others.  We  must  rank  the  au- 
thor of  Plantaganet  among  these  ;  and  we 
cannot  recommend  a  novel  which  is 
founded  on  the  deep  and  wicked  deception 
of  one  brother,  on  their  mutual  unrelent- 
ing hatred,  and  which  ends  by  their  both 
falling  by  each  other's  bauds.  Proh 
pudor ! 


Letters  from  Brussels.  By  Mrs.  A. 
Thorold. — This  is  not  quite  fair:  not 
less  than  one  hundred  pages  of  this  volume 
are  taken  up  describing  *  The  language 
of  flowers;'  which  has  as  much  to  do 
with  Brussels  as  with  Bagdad,  or  not 
so  much.  The  remainder  is  an  indiffe- 
rent guide-book. 


The  Earth.  By  Robert  Mudie. — We 
have  no  terms  of  praise  too  forcible  to 
ttse  in  delivering  our  sentiments  on  this 
little  un presuming  work.  It  is  the  work 
st  once  of  a  man  of  science  and  of  litera- 
ture. Philosophical  in  the  arrangement 
and  the  distribution  of  its  subject,  accu- 
rate and  elegant  in  the  details,  it  may 
j'^tly  rank  with  the  best  productions 
which  have  been  given  to  the  world  on 
similar  subjects  in  our  days.  Mr.  Mudie 
has  the  art  of  compressing  a  vast  deal  of 
information  in  a  small  compass,  without 
any  loss  of  perspicuity  ;  and  of  detailing 
abstruse  calculations  with  ease  and  grace 
of  language  ;  in  fact,  he  is  a  very  supe- 
rior writer,  and  his  book  is  one  that  will 
oe  permanent.  *r*^«  it  am, 


Eccletiastes  Anglicanus ;  a  treatise  on 
Preaching.  By  the  Rev.  W.  Gresley.— 
Mr.  Gresley  has  taken  infinite  pains,  and 
with  success,  to  discuss  every  topic  which 
|s  connected  with  the  subject  of  preach - 
"Jg;  to  lay  down  the  soundest  rules, 
to  afford  the  best  assistance  to  the 
young  divine  entering  on  the  awful  and 
Important  task  of  his  ministry.  The  work 

UfVer^  ju<Hc*ou*»  ample,  and  instructive. 
We  think  Mr.  Gresley's  taste  good,  his 
opinions  correct,  his  knowledge  well- 


applied,  and  his  piety  and  seal  bearing 
witness  of  themselves.  WTe  have  no  doubt 
of  his  work  meeting  with  due  success. 

The  Lords  and  the  People.  ByW.U. 
C.  Grey. — This  is  one  of  the  sound  con- 
stitutional works  which  have  been  called 
out  by  the  <lantrerous  doctrines,  the  fac- 
tious principles,  and  the  republican  sys- 
tem of  legislation  now,  unfortunately, 
superseding  that  cautious  wisdom  which 
acted  in  union  with  the  principles  of  our 
Constitution,  and  which  reverenced  the 
laws,  and  loved  and  protected  the  es- 
tablished religion  of  the  Land.  The  au- 
thor has  maintained  his  positions  alike 
with  force  of  argument  and  weight  of 
authority  :  he  reasons  logically  and  cor- 
rectly. We  believe  that  his  opinions  are 
in  complete  unison  with  the  spirit  of  our 
Constitution,  and  that  he  has  taken  a  cor- 
rect view  of  the  dangers  which  threaten  it, 
and  the  anomalies  introduced  into  it. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  carefully-written  and 
valuable  volumes  we  have  perused  on  the 
subject. 

The  Constitution  of  Society,  as  designed 
by  God.  8vo. — One  of  those  foolish,  mis- 
chievous works  which  are  planned  at  Mr. 
Effingham  Wilson's  pea-soup  and  porter 
dinners,  and  executed  by  that  unrivalled 
brotherhood  and  sisterhood  of  Grub-street 
garreteers,  whom  he  is  pleased  to  keep  in 
his  pay.  With  an  unblushing  and  dis- 
gusting impudence,  it  is  dedicated  to  the 
King  ;  and  at  p.  536,  the  following  pas- 
sage occurs  (the  only  part  of  the  dull  and 
impudent  contents  we  shall  quote),  and 
put  in  juxtaposition  with  the  dedication : 

44  If  it  were  possible  for  the  writer  of 
these  pages  to  know,  that  as  soon  as  he 
had  finished  his  paragraph  he  would  have 
to  pass  into  eternity,  and  that  his  ever- 
lasting doom  would  instantly  be  deter- 
mined; he  solemnly  affirms,  and  calls 
men  and  angels  to  witness  this  declara- 
tion, that  of  the  following  classes  of  per- 
sons, he  is  unable  to  comprehend  how 
there  can  be,  amongst  them,  a  single  truly 
wise  and  virtuous  man;  namely,  the 
members  of  the— 

1 .  Guelph  family, 

2.  House  of  Lords, 

3.  House  of  Commons,  and 

4.  The  Judges. 

It  is  surely  difficult  to  speak  in  terms 
sufficiently  condemnatory  of  the  conduct 
of  every  one  of  them.  •  •  •  We 
have  never  yet  been  able  to  trace  why  the 
King,  Lords,  and  Commons,  should  rule 
this  country,  nor  why  they  should  rule 
the  Chinese."  We  consider  this  insane 
fool  more  fit  for  the  whip  and  the  pillory, 
than  for  the  pen. 


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650  Miscellanei 

Fh-»t  Impression*.  By  the  Rev.  J. 
Davies,  B.D.  Rector  of  St.  Pancras, 
Chichester. — Mr.  Da  vies' a  observations 
on  the  state  of  religions  feeling  in  France, 
are  worthy  of  attention.  It  is,  we  think, 
a  very  painful  picture,  and  is  deeply  con- 
nected with  the  views  that  may  be  opened 
of  its  political  prospects,  nor  less  does  it 
throw  light  on  the  unsettled,  convulsed, 
and  revolutionary  struggle  that  it  is  car- 
rying on  at  the  present  time.  May  it 
please  a  merciful  and  gracious  Provideuce, 
to  shed  such  light  into  our  hearts,  that 
we  may  read  in  their  history  a  lesson 
salutary  to  ourselves;  lest  falling  like 
them  in  spiritual  darkness,  we  gather  the 
bitter  fruits  of  our  carnal  pride,  our  un- 
governable desires,  our  restless  vanities, 
and  our  ungodly  presumption.  The  con- 
stitution of  that  country  rests  on  no  basis 
that  can  support  it ;  all  is  rottenness,  and 
weakness,  and  crime. — What  is  to  be  its 
fute  ?  who  will  recall  its  forgotten  duties  ? 
who  will  reanimate  its  torpid  virtues  ? 
who  will  purify  its  loathsome  habitations  ? 
who  will  restore  its  desecrated  altars? 
who  will  be  appointed  the  earthly  avenger 
of  the  insulted  Deity  ? 


Godwin's  Lives  of  the  Necromancer  a. 
1834. — As  a  history  of  Necromancy,  in 
its  various  branches,  and  under  its  different 
shapes,  we  consider  this  work  defective. 
Mr.  Godwin  has  endeavoured  to  condense 
too  much  in  a  small  compass,  and  has  ren- 
dered his  accounts  superficial  and  jejune. 
This  particularly  applies  to  his  narrative 
in  late  times  of  witchcraft  and  sorcery, 
which,  stripped  of  their  curious  details, 
lose  the  main  part  of  their  interest.  Se- 
condly, he  has  drawn  no  distinct  line  be- 
tween vulgar  fables  and  absurd  traditions, 
and  the  real  power  which  superior  skill 
and  knowledge  exercised  over  credulous 
and  ignorant  minds.  And,  thirdly,  he  has 
not  attempted  to  trace,  with  a  philosophi- 
cal analysis,  the  boundaries  between  real 
and  pretended  knowledge ;  to  mark  how 
far  pretention  was  based  on  real  science ; 
at  what  point  it  left  it ;  how  far  the  antici- 
pated glories  of  truth  were  seen  amid  the 
mists  of  error ;  what  was  effected  by  ex- 
ternal agency,  and  what  by  the  mind  it- 
self— by  nervous  influence — by  idiopathic 
constitution — by  excited  sensibility — by 
diseased  action.  This  would  be  unfolding 
a  curious  and  important  page  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  human  mind,  and  the  discovery 
of  truth  would  be  conducted  by  the  detec- 
tion of  error.  To  separate  the  partial  and 
incomplete  truth,  from  the  imposture  and 
ignorance  around  it,  is  the  main  point  of 
interest  and  importance. 


Thaumaturgia ,  or  Elucidation*  of  the 
Marvellous.    By  an  Oxonian.  1833.— 


'.s  Reviews  [Dec. 

This  is  a  tolerably  good  compendium  of 
the  different  arts  which,  at  various  periods, 
have  been  exercised  on  the  weak  and  cre- 
dulous by  the  cunning  and  the  ambition* 
impostor,  from  the  ancient  oracles  to 
the  delusions  of  Joanna  Southcote  and 
Animal  Magnetism.  Perhaps  the  account 
of  Messmer  is  the  most  interesting. 


Stories  of  Stranffe  Lands.  By  Mrs. 
R.  Lee.  1835.— The  tales  are  writtea 
with  very  good  taste,  liveliness,  and  ease. 
They  have  been  printed  before  in  different 
periodical  publications,  and  have  been 
favourably  received  by  the  public.  The 
notes  are  many  of  them  of  great  interest, 
and  record  several  curious  circumstances 
connected  with  the  national  history  of  the 
countries  to  which  they  refer. 


Testimonies  of  Dissenters  and  JVe*Ieycn* 
in  favour  of  the  Church  of  EngUnd .  Vitk 
some  remarks.  By  the  Rev.  Robert  Mechi, 
Rector  of  Brixton  Deverill,  Wilts. 
pp.  31. — It  is  rather  surprising  that  such 
a  spicileyium  as  this  has  never  been  at- 
tempted before.  Few  persons,  however, 
could  have  been  better  qualified  than  the 
author,  who  was  formerly  a  dissenting 
Minister,  and  of  course  is  likely  to  be 
well  acquainted  with  their  writings.  In 
making  this  compilation,  he  has  advanced 
an  argument  of  the  greatest  cogency. 
Wc  might  extract  many  striking  passages, 
but  our  wish  is  rather  to  procure  exten- 
sive circulation  for  the  pamphlet  itself. 
In  fact,  it  ought  to  sell  by  thousands.  If 
it  could  be  compressed  into  a  stall  cheaper 
form,  for  popular  distribution,  this  would 
be  moBt  desirable.  It  should  in  that  form 
be  left  at  every  cottage.  Candid  Dissen- 
ters, we  hope,  will  weigh  its  contents 
well.  How  few,  probably,  arc  aware, 
that  the  celebrated  Baxter  has  said,  "  I 
do  hold  that  the  book  of  Common  Prayer, 
and  (Ordination)  of  Bishops,  Priests,  and 
Deacons,  containeth  in  it  nothing  so  dis- 
agreeable to  the  Word  of  God  as  maketb 
it  unlawful  to  live  in  the  peaceable  com- 
munion of  the  Church  that  useth  it."  It 
ought  to  be  well  known,  that  the  late 
Rev.  George  Burder  says,  that  he  **  found 
abundantly  more  of  the  power  of  God 
with  the  Evangelical  clergy,  than  with  the 
Dissenters."  It  should  go  forth  (as  Dr. 
Pye  Smith  has  with  the  most  praiseworthy 
generosity  admitted),  that  "  the  increase 
of  vital  piety  in  the  established  Church, 
within  the  last  thirty  or  forty  years,"  has 
been  greater  in  proportion  than  among 
the  Dissenters.  And  the  fact  should  be 
brought  home  to  the  breast  of  every  Dis- 
senter, that  "  most  of  the  considerable 
ejected  ministers  (in  1662)  met  and  agreed 
to  hold  occasional  communion  with  the 
re-established  Church."    In  short,  tbe 


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Miscellaneous  Reviews. — Fine  Arts. 


631 


publication  of  this  tract  it  likely  to  pro- 
duce an  ebb  in  the  public  mind,  if  it  be 
widely  distributed. 

Byrne's  Practical  Treatise  on  Spheri- 
cal Trigonometry. — The  object  of  this 
pamphlet  is  to  render  the  study  of  sphe- 
rical Trigonometry  easier  to  the  general 
reader,  and  by  ingenious  diagrams  to  aid 
the  memory  in  acquiring  and  retaining 
the  dry  mathematical  formula:  with  which 
the  path  of  analytics  is  overwhelmed. 
Whether  the  mode  here  adopted  as  a  me- 
mo ri  a  technica,  be  better  adapted  than 
others  for  the  use  of  the  nautical  and 
unscientific  students  we  will  not  presume 
to  decide ;  but  in  our  own  case,  the  circu- 
lar parts  of  Napier  appear  so  simple, 
concise,  and  striking,  that,  should  his 
formulae  be  ever  equalled,  they  can  never 
be  surpassed.    The  system  before  us  is 
founded  on  the  knowledge  of  Napier's 
rules,  and  embraces  his  system,  without 
acknowledgment,  but  has  the  demerit  of 
expressing,  in  a  confused  Greek  Tree, 
what  he  has  so  exquisitely  reduced  to  two 
lines  and  two  simple  rules.    Of  course, 
as  the  work  is  intended  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  those  who  aim  only  at  a  practical 
knowledge  of  the  subject,  all  the  formulae 
are  taken  for  granted,  all  proof  is  neces- 
sarily excluded,  and  the  application  of 
the  expressions  deduced  by  exact  science 
the  sole  intention  of  the  author.  We 
were  somewhat  startled  at  the  Introduc- 
tion, which  states,  "  that  by  the  word 
sphere  is  generally  understood  any  circu- 
lar body,"  a  definition  as  applicable  to  a 


penny  as  a  globe ;  but  should  imagine  it 

to  be  the  error  of  the  printer,  rather 
than  the  vague  language  of  one  who  sup- 
poses 44  the  great  difficulties  encountered 
by  the  student  in  this  branch  of 
matics  to  be  effectually  obviated." 


Sharpe's  Diamond  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language.  This  is  the  prettiest 
little  Dictionary  ever  printed,  being  com- 
prised in  a  volume  of  the  smallest  size, 
yet  the  type  not  indistinctly  small,  being 
only  one  column  in  a  page.  To  make  it 
more  attractive,  it  is  embellished  with 
forty-five  decorations  from  the  works  of 
Shakspeare,  consisting  of  initial  letters 
and  vignettes,  beautifully  engraved  in 
wood  by  Mr.  John  Thompson,  from  very 
elegant  designs  by  Mr.  William  Harvey. 
Mr.  Sharpe  has  judiciously  rejected  ob- 
vious compound  and  derivative  words  :  he 
has,  however,  given  cab  and  cabriolet ',  but 
omitted  omnibus.  And  in  his  notice  of 
the  letter  I,  he  perpetuates  the  vulgar 
error  that  the  abbreviation  I.  H.  S.  is  for 
Jesus  hominum  Salvator.  To  this  is 
sometimes  added  that  I.  H.  C.  is  Jesus 
hominum  Conservator;  so  we  will  now 
inform  the  writers  of  spelling  -books  et  id 
genus  omne  (if  they  will  but  listen  to  us, 
instead  of  merely  copying  from  one  an- 
other), that  1HS  is  a  Greek  and  not  a 
Latin  abbreviation,  and  that  it  gitcnifies 
only  the  name  IHZOYE,  Jesus,  as  XPS 
does  the  name  XPIETOE,  Christus ; 
and  that  when  IHC  occurs,  that  C  is  still 
the  Greek  in  the  form  generally  found 
on  the  coins  of  the  Lower  Empire. 


FINE 

ROYAL  ACADEMY. 

Nov.  2.  At  a  general  assembly  of  the 
members  of  the  Royal  Academy,  S.  A. 
Hart,  Esq.  and  D.  M'Clise,  Esq.  were 
elected  Associates,  in  the  room  of  Clark* 
son  Stanfield,  Esq.  R.  A.  and  William 
Allan,  Esq.  R.  A.  of  Edinburgh,  who 
have  been  recently  appointed  to  the  Coun- 
cil. Mr.  Cousins  was  also  elected  an 
Associate  Engraver.  The  productions  of 
students  in  Architecture,  Fainting,  and 
Sculpture,  who  intend  to  compete  for  the 
gold  and  silver  medals,  were  received  on 
the  same  day.  In  Painting,  "  The  Con- 
tention of  Apollo  and  Idas  for  Mar- 
pessa,"  as  described  in  Lempriere's  Clas- 
sical Dictionary,  has  been  selected  by  the 
Council  for  the  compositions  in  oil,  to 
the  best  of  which  the  gold  medul  will  be 
adjudged,  accompanied  with  the  discourses 
of  Presidents  Reynolds  and  West.  Simi- 
lar prizes  will  also  be  given,  in  Sculpture, 
for  the  best  composition  in  plaster,  the 


subject  of  which  is  taken  from  the  J3neid, 
4*  Mezcntius  tying  the  Dead  to  the  Liv- 
ing;" and  in  Architecture  for  the  best 
design  for  a  44  Royal  Palace,"  the  series 
to^consist  of  a  plan,  elevation,  section, 
and  perspective  view.  The  Sampson 
and  Dalilah  of  Rubens  has  been  chosen 
by  the  Council  for  the  6tudy  of  the  stu- 
dents in  the  school  of  Painting,  and  for 
the  best  copy  the  silver  medal  and  the  dis- 
courses of  Professors  Barry,  Opie,  and 
Fuseli,  will  be  awarded.  In  Archi- 
tecture there  are  but  two  competitors  on 
the  list;  in  Painting  but  two,  and  in 
Sculpture  only  one:  a  sign  either  of  want 
of  emulation,  or  of  confidence  in  this 
institution. 

THE  LATE  MR.  MATHEWS'S  GALLERY  OP 
PICTURES. 

The  late  Mr.  Mathews's  Theatrical 
Gallery  now  decorates  and  enlivens  the 
walls  of  the  GarrickClubRooms,  and  may 
now  be  called  the  Garrick  Gallery. 

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C32  Fint 

We  first  saw  these  pictures  two  years 

ago,  when  exhibiting  at  the  Queen's  Ba- 
zaar in  Oxford-street,  and  fancied  our- 
selves in  the  primest  und  most  exhilarat- 
ing company  of  both  quick  and  dead  that 
had  ever  been  assembled  in  one  and  the 
same  room.  Whatever  our  feelings  then 
were,  they  have  now  been  greatly  en- 
hanced by  Air.  Stanfield's  new  and  very 
judicious  arrangement  of  the  same  upon 
the  Garrick  walls,  giving  each  by. gone 
actor  scope  to  please  bis  ghostship,  and 
play  on  our  imaginations. 

"  Look  here,  upon  this  picture,  and  on 
this." 

As  proof  of  the  intrinsic  value  of  the 
paintings  themselves  we  have  but  to  men- 
tion the  names  of  Hogarth,  Zoffany, 
Gainsborough,  Cipriani,  Harlowe,  Jack, 
sou,  Shee,  Westall,  Clint,  and  others;  the 
latter  named  gentleman's  pictures,  by  the 
exquisite  likenesses  they  convey,  and  con. 
ceit  of  character  which  they  so  well  main* 
tain,  present  a  gallery  in  themselves: 

First,  we  will  notice  the  well-known 
scene  from  "Charles  the  Second;"  C. 
Kemble  as  "  the  Merry  Monarch,"  and 
F.iweett  as  Captain  Copp. 

Copp.  **  How  came  you  by  this  watch?" 

If  we  never  see  that  master-piece  of 
acting  on  the  stage  again  (and  "  Fate  cries 
out"  against  it)  in  this  picture  stands  a 
rival  to  the  stage  itself,  for  we  know  the 
actors'  voices,  and  can  fix  them  to  their 
very  shadows  with  the  most  minute  effect. 

Secondly,  comes  "  Lock  and  Key"  in 
which  Mundcn,  that  rosy  faced  old  sugar- 
plumb  an  Brummagem,  in  the  zenith  of 
ecstatic  delight,  sits  chuckling  out  **  Well, 
well,"  to  the  good  story  of  the  famous  Ed- 
ward Knight  as  Ralph. 

Third,  is  a  scene  from  Kenney's  farce 
of  u  Love,  Law,  and  Physic,"  with  the 
square  face  of  Liston  as  the  «*  timber 
merchant,"  and  the  equally  like  portraits 
of  our  three  departed  favourites,  Ma- 
thews, Blanchnrd,  and  Emery,  in  the 
characters  of  Flexible,  Dr.  Camphor,  und 
Andrew.  These  pictures  do  honour  to 
the  name  of  Clint. 

We  could  in  like  manner  catalogue  the 
whole  gallery,  if  time  and  space  allowed, 
and  the  subject  were  equally  interesting  to 
all  our  readers.  Who  cannot  but  admire 
Hogarth's  Mrs.  Clive  and  Hogarth's 
Garrick,  Harlowe's  Mrs.  Siddons,  Jack- 
son's Macready,  and  a  host  of  other  won- 
der-workings of  the  art !  Again,  who 
would  ever  lose  the  physiognomy  of  Mun- 
den?  who  would  forget  the  versatility  in 
character  of  dear  Charles  Mathews  him- 
self?  Not  one,  we  imagine;  go  then, 
sweet  friends,  and  make  a  close  acquaint- 


»  Arts.  [Dec 

,  ance  with  the  gesture,  manner,  and  almost 

speech  of  England's  histrionic  favourites, 
from  David  Garrick  down  to  William 
C.  Macready,  who  now  adorns  our  stage. 

CROSBY  HALL. 

We  observe  with  much  plea «mre  that 
the  works  at  Crosby  Hall  have  been  re. 
sumed.  Three  of  the  windows,  on  tbe 
western  side  of  'the  Banqueting  Room, 
have  been  lately  enriched  with  the  Armo- 
rial Bearings  of  the  Committee,  including 
those  of  the  Lord  Mayor,  the  Marquis  of 
Northampton,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  H.  C. 
Cust,  the  Hon.  George  Vernon,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Russell,  Messrs.  Capper,  Cotton. 
Jones,  Nichols,  Saunders,  Turner,  and 
Wigram,  and  other  gentlemen  whose 
names  appear  among  the  subscribers  to 
tbe  restoration.  Tbe  Oriel  Window,  tbe 
splendid  gift  of  Mr.  Willement,  we  hare 
already  described  • ;  and  he  is  now  pro- 
ceeding with  the  windows  on  tbe  eastern 
side  of  tbe  Hall,  which  will  commemorate 
the  chief  proprietors  and  occupiers  from 
its  erection  to  the  present  time,  namely, 
Sir  John  Ciosby,  Sir  Bartholomew  Reed, 
Sir  John  Rest,  Sir  Thomas  More,  and 
his  daughter  Margaret  Roper,  Lord 
Darcy,  the  Due  de  Sully,  Sir  John  Spen- 
cer, and  his  daughter  Lady  Compton,  tbe 
Earl  of  Northampton,  the  Countess  of 
Pembroke,  Sir  James  Langham,  and  the 
present  owner  W.  P.  W.  Freeman.  A 
few  blank  spaces  still  remain  unappro- 
priated. 


13  arti.ftt's  liar*  of  Switzerland,  Parts 
IX. — XVI.  Among  the  mountains  and 
vales,  the  glaciers  and  torrents,  the  lakes 
and  rivers  of  tbe  most  picturesque  conn- 
try  of  Europe,  the  artist  finds  a  constant 
variety  of  the  most  magnificent  subjects 
of  pictorial  composition.  The  engravings 
continue  to  be  executed  with  great  skill 
and  beauty. 


Tfic  Xnpoleon  Gallery,  Ports  II. — V. 
12m a — In  this  interesting  collection  the 
superior  skill  of  the  artists  of  France  in 
historical  composition,  and  particularly  in 
battle  pieees,  is  shown  to  decided  advan- 
tage. The  outline  etchings  are  very  clear 
and  good.  In  Part  V.  is  a  folding  plate 
of  the  Column  in  the  Place  Vendomc 
with  the  bas-reliefs  perfectly  distinct, 
though  less  than  twelve  inches  high. 
The  imperfect  attempts  at  translation  in 
the  English  titles,  are  somewhat  ridicu- 
lous :  as,  Allocution— for  Allocution  ; 
and,  Adieux  d'un  Brave — A  Brave  bid- 
ding a  last  Adieu ! 


•  See  Gent.  Mag.  Dec.  1834,  p.  C2S. 


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G33 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


A>:r  Workt  announced  for  Publication. 

Dr.  Dibtjin's  "  Reminiscences  of  a 
Literary  Life,"  may  be  shortly  expected 
to  appt'ur.  It  will  be  embellished  with 
portraits  of  K.  Douce,  Esq.  Roger  Wil- 
braham,  Esq.  and  a  new  portrait  of  the 
Author,  drawn  by  G.  Richmond,  Esq. 
together  with  numerous  facsimiles. 

A  Biographical  Memoir  of  our  late 
national  bard  Charles  Dibdin,  Esq.  is. 
drawn  up  from  his  original  Manuscripts 

The  Literary  Remains  of  S.  Taylor 
Coleridge,  Vol.  1,  and  2,  edited  by  H. 
Nelson  Coleridge. 

Mature  Reflections  and  Devotions  of 
the  late  Rev.  Rowland  Hill,  in  his  old 
age,  by  tbe  Rev.  Edwin  Sidney,  author 
of  the  Lives  of  Rowland  Hill  and  Walker 
of  Truro. 

The  Prophetical  Character  and  Inspi- 
ration of  tbe  Apocalypse  considered.  By 
0.  Pearson,  B.D. 

Paley's   Evidences  of  Christianity 
epitomized. 

Mr.  Tiieodobe  Hook's  Nove',  ««  Gil- 
bert Guniey.'* 

G.  Hokkinger's  Life  of  the  late  Em- 
peror, Joseph  II.  of  Austria,  German 
History  ;  and  MesZE8's  History  of 
Greece,  translated  from  the  German. 

Tbe  History  of  the  United  States  of 
North  America.    By  Mr.  Grahame. 

History  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
in  Scotland.  By  John  P.  Lawson, 
M.  A.,  author  of  the  Life  of  Archbishop 
Laud. 

Tbe  Life  and  Times  of  the  Rev.  Alex. 
Henderson,  giving  a  eomplete  History  of 
the  Second  Reformation  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland  during  the  reign  of  Charles  the 
First.    By  tbe  Rev.  John  Alton. 

An  Address  to  the  People  of  Great 
Britain,  explanatory  of  our  Commercial 
Relations  with  the  Empire  of  China.  By 
a  British  Merchant  resident  in  China. 

An  Epitome  of  Vols.  I.  and  II.  of 
Niebuhr's  History  of  Rome.  By  Tra- 
vers  Twiss,  B.C.L. 

Hleiien  on  the  Influence  of  the  Refor- 
mation on  the  Politics  of  Europe;  the 
Rise  and  Progress  of  the  British  Conti- 
nental Interests;  and  the  Influence  of  Po- 
litical Theories.  Also,  on  the  Influence 
of  the  Crusades. 

Wachsmuth;  a  Translation  of  the 
Historical  Antiquities  of  Greece. 

The  Narrative  of  Captain  Back's 
Overland  Expedition  to  tin-  North  Pole. 

An  Introduction  to  Writing  Hebrew; 
containing  a  series  of  progressive  Exer- 
cises for  Translation  into  Hebrew,  adapt- 
ed to  Stuart's  and  Lee's  Hebrew  Gram- 
mars. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


Mr.  KeightlfVs  History  of  Rome. 

A  Chan  paign  with  the  Guerillas  during 
the  present  War  in  Spain.  By  Mr.  Hen- 
ningben,  an  English  Officer  who  served 
under  Zumalacaraguy. 

Biblical  Antiquities;  translated  from 
the  German  of  John  Jahn,  D.D.  Pro- 
fessor of  tbe  Oriental  Languages,  etc.  at 
Vienna. 

Despatches  and  Correspondence  of  the 
Marquess  Wellesley,  in  India,  Spain,  and 
Ireland,  with  the  Letters  of  Pitt,  Can- 
ning, Grattan,  Sec. 

The  Political  Antiquities  of  Greece, 
from  the  German  of  Carl  Frederick  Her- 
mann, of  Heidelberg. 

The  Landscape  Gardener.  By  the 
Rev.  Prebendary  Dennis. 

The  Florist  Cultivator.  By  Thomas 
W;li  at,  Esq. 

The  Fourth  Part  of  Dr.  Lindlfy*9 
Genera  and  Species  of  Orcbidious  Plants. 

Royal  Society  of  Literature. 

Xov.  12.  The  Royal  Society  of  Litera- 
ture this  day  resumed  its  sittings.  Among 
the  numerous  presents  laid  upon  the  ta- 
ble, was  an  inscribed  Babylonian  tablet, 
and  several  engraved  inscriptions,  in  the 
cuneiform  character,  the  donation  of  the 
Hon.  East  India  Company.    With  re- 
ference to  the  presentation  of  these  in- 
scriptions, Mr.  Cullimore  read  a  portion 
of  a  memoir,  by  himself,  on  the  engraved 
Babylonian,  Assyrian,  and  Medo- Persian 
cylindrical  gems,  in  the  British  Museum 
and  private  collections.    Mr.  Cullimore 
stated  his  object  to  be,  to  direct  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Hon.  Company,  (who,  by 
their  publications,  not  less  than  thirty  years 
ago,  laid  the  foundation  of  the  study  of  tbe 
arrow-headed  or  cuneatic  inscriptions  of 
ancient  Babylon,)  of  the  members  of  the 
Society,  and  of  scholars  in  general,  to  the 
fact,  that  this  is  no  barren  field  of  inves- 
tigation, as  heretofore  too  generally  con- 
cluded, from  the  absence  of  tbe  monu- 
mental remains  of  successive  ages,  ana- 
logous to  those  which  have  been  tbe  means 
of  throwing  so  considerable  a  light  upon 
the  historical  problems  relative  to  ancient 
Egypt.    On  the  contrary,  it  possesses  its 
peculiar  cycle  of  art,  coeval  in  duration 
with  that  of  the  Nilotic  regions,  extend- 
ing down  to  the  age  of  the  Ptolemies; 
which,  if  not  developed  in  the  colossal 
proportions  of  the  temples  of  Thebes  and 
Heliopolis  may  yet  be  found  no  less 
effective  for  evolving  contemporary  illus- 
trations of  the  progress  of  religion,  civiliz- 
ation, superstition,  and  literature,  among 
the  successive  dominant  nations  of  ancient 
Asia,  and  for  testing  the  authority  of  his. 

4  M 


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634  Literary  and  St 

torians.  This  novel  view  of  the  subject 
the  writer  founded  on  an  examination  of 
more  than  a  hundred  of  these  remarkable 
gems,  discovered  among  the  ruins  on  the 
banks  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  and 
now  first  made  available  to  the  student 
by  a  series  of  cylindrical  and  duplicate 
fiat  casts,  recently  issued  by  Mr.  Double- 
day,  of  Little  Russell  street.  Mr.  Culli- 
more's  remarks  were  followed  by  a  de- 
scription and  general  classification  of  the 
series  of  casts,  sketches  of  which  accom- 
panied the  Memoir.  The  classification 
was,  first,  into  cylinders  having  inscrip- 
tions, and  those  in  which  this  distinction 
is  wanting ;  secondly,  into  those  which 
are  inscribed  respectively  with  Babylonian, 
Assyrian,  or  Medo- Persian  characters; 
thirdly,  into  those  having  similar  or  ana- 
logous designs,  which  arc,  in  each  case, 
with  few  exceptions,  proved  by  the  inscrip- 
tions to  be  of  the  same  nation ;  so  that 
those  which  are  uninscribed  may,  from 
their  analogy  in  style  and  design  to  the 
former,  be  equally  referred  to  their  proper 
origin. 

GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Nov.  18.  The  society  resumed  its  meet, 
ings.  The  first  communication  which  was 
read,  was  by  Dr.  Pingel  of  Copenhagen, 
of  the  changes  which  have  been  noticed  in 
the  relative  level  of  land  and  sea  on  the 
west  coast  of  Greenland,  between  expand 
63°  N.  lat.  By  these  observations  it 
appears  that  there  are,  at  several  points 
along  this  extensive  range  of  coast,  the 
remains  of  ancient  buildings,  which  are 
now  more  or  less  covered  by  the  tide. 
The  earliest  recorded  observation  was 
made  by  Arctander  between  1777  and 
and  1779,  on  a  small  island  in  the  Firth, 
called  Igalliko.  On  this  islund,  then 
almost  entirely  submerged  at  spring  tides, 
were  the  walls  of  a  house ;  and  when  Dr. 
Pingel  visited  the  place  half  a  century 
after,  only  the  ruins  rose  above  the  water. 
— Professor  Sedgwick  afterwards  read 
extracts  from  letters  addressed  by  Mr. 
Darwin  to  Professor  Henslow,  containing 
an  account  of  his  discovery  of  the  remains 
of  the  Megatherium  over  a  district  of  600 
miles  in  extent  to  the  southward  of 
Buenos  Ayres ;  and  a  highly- important 
description  of  the  geological  structure  of 
the  Pass  of  Uspallata,  in  the  Andes, 
where  he  discovered  alternations  of  vast 
tertiary  and  igneous  formations,  and  the 
existence,  in  the  former,  of  veins  of  true 
granite,  and  of  gold  and  other  metals. 

ASHMOLEAN  SOCIETY. 

Nov.  6.  The  following  query  was 
proposed.  "  In  what  way  can  we  most 
satisfactorily  explain  the  mode  in  which 


•ntific  Intelligence.  [Ttc 

spiders  carry  their  threads  from  one  ob- 
ject to  another,  at  considerable  distances, 
through  the  air?" 

A  Paper  was  read  by  Professor  Ripnud 
on  H alley's  Astronomia  Cometicae  Sy- 
nopsis :  giving  an  account  of  the  proere<4 
of  the  author's  discoveries  relative  to  the 
verification  of  the  orbits  of  comets,  and 
especially  that  which  bears  his  name. 

Dr.  Daubeny  described  two  springs  is 
Ireland,  evolving  gas  similar  to  those  at 
Clifton. 

STATISTICAL  SOCIETY. 

Nov.  16.  This  society  commenced  its 
monthly  meetings  for  the  season.  The 
chairman  Col.  Sykes,reada  paper,  drawn 
up  by  himself,  being  an  abstract  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Statistical  Section  of 
the  British  Association,  at  the  meeting 
held  in  Dublin  in  August  last.  After 
this,  a  paper  was  read  4  On  the  Division 
of  Property,'  drawn  up  by  William  Day, 
Esq. 

OB1ENTAL  TRANSLATION  FUND. 

Nov.  12.  The  first  meeting  for  the 
season  was  held  this  evening  at  the  House 
of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  in  Graftou 
Street, 

Several  works  were  announced  as  bar- 
ing been  completed  at  the  expense  of  the 
Oriental  Fund.  Among  others  was  the 
first  volume  of  Haji  Khalfa's  celebrated 
Bibliographical  and  Encyclopediacul  Dic- 
tionary, translated  into  Latin  by  Professor 
Flugel,  of  Meissen,  in  Germany ;  accom- 
panied by  the  original  text,  founded  on  a 
collection  of  the  rare  manuscript  copies 
in  the  libraries  of  Paris,  Vienna,  and 
Berlin.  This  work,  when  completed, 
will  contain  notices  of  upwards  of  30,000 
Persian,  Arabic,  and  Turkish  works. 
By  careful  collation,  Professor  Flu:; el 
has  been  enabled  to  rectify  many  errors 
into  which  D'Herbelot  was  led,  by  the 
incorrectness  of  the  manuscripts  be  used 
in  the  compilation  of  his  *  Bibliotheque 
Orientate.'  A  letter  from  Duncan 
Forbes,  Esq.  was  read,  stating  that  be 
hoped  soon  to  have  a  (air  portion  of  his 
translation  of  the  History  of  Hyder  Ali 
and  bis  son  Tippu  ready  for  printing. 
Proof  sheets  of  the  second  volume  of  Dr. 
Bialloblotzky**  translation  of  the  *  Chro- 
nicles of  Rabbi  Joseph,'  were  submitted. 
It  is  written  in  the  biblical  style*  and 
gives  a  relation  of  the  Ottoman  power, 
and  its  wars  with  the  French  during  the 
Middle  Ages.  The  seventh  part  of  Mr. 
Bel  four's  translation  of  the  «  Travels  of 
Macarius'  was  ordered  to  be  put  to  press. 
Another  part,  we  believe,  will  complete 
this  interesting  work.  A  letter  from  M. 
Julien,  of  Pans,  the  learned  Professor  of 
Chinese,  announced  that  he  had  made 


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considerable  progress  in  his  translation  of 
the  '  Li-ki,'  a  highly  esteemed  canonical 
book  of  the  Chinese,  supposed  to  be  the 
composition  of  Confucius.  It  was  also 
announced  that  Dr.  Stenzler  was  ready  to 
put  to  press  his  translation  of  the  '  Ku- 
mara-Sambhava,'  u  very  ancient  Sanscrit 
poem,  attributed  to  KaMdasa. 

ARCHITECTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Nov.  3.  This  new  Society  held  its 
first  meeting  for  the  present  session,  in 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields.  The  President, 
Mr.  Clarke,  read  a  short  introductory 
address,  in  which  be  noticed  the  discoun- 
tenance of  their  seniors  in  the  profession, 
with  the  honourable  exception  of  Sir 
John  Soane,  who,  at  the  request  of  the 
Society,  has  presented  them  with  his  por- 
trait,   A  variety  of  casts,  drawings,  and 

C'nts  were  exhibited,  which  had  been 
ely  received  as  presents ;  among  which 
were  several  models  and  fragments  trans- 
ferred from  the  United  Service  Museum. 

CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY. 

The  subject  for  the  Norrisian  Prize 
Essay  for  the  present  year,  is  "  The  style 
and  composition  of  the  writings  of  the 
New  Testament  no  way  inconsistent  with 
the  belief  that  the  authors  of  them  were 
divinely  inspired." 

CHELTENHAM  INSTITUTION. 

The  following  Lectures  are  announced 
for  the  present  season  of  the  Cheltenham 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Institution: 
1.  Three  on  the  History  of  French  Poe- 
try, by  Mons.  A.  Mudry;  2.  Four  on  the 
Elements  of  Chemistry,  by  Mr.  K.  Wells, 
assisted  by  Mr.  Cornfield,  Curator  of  the 
Institution;  3.  Four  on  Comparative  Phy- 
siology, by  Mr.  Wright,  Member  of  K. 
College  of  Surgeons;  4.  Two  on  Physical 
Education,  by  Dr.  Conolly,  one  of  the 
Vice-Presidents  of  the  Institution;  5. 
A  coarse  on  Trigonometry,  and  its  appli- 
cation to  Astronomy,  by  Mr.  T.  H. 
Moodie;  C.  Four  on  the  history  and  in. 
stitutions  of  Chivalry,  by  Mr.  H.  Da  vies ; 
and  7.  A  Course  on  the  Vegetable  King- 
dom, by  Mr.  J.  Adam. 

MU8EE  DUPUYTREN. 

This  Museum,  named  in  memory  of 
the  late  eminent  anatomist,  has  just 
been  opened,  and  is  destined  for  the 
reception  of  objects  of  pathological  ana- 
tomy. It  is  singularly  anomalous  that, 
although  England,  Holland,  Italy,  and 
several  of  the  Universities  of  Germany, 
possess  their  respective  museums  of  ana- 
tomy, Paris  should  hitherto  have  been 
without  one.    Her  "  Grande  Ecolc  de 


Medicine  "  ranks  high  in  the  eyes  of  the 
scientific  world  ;  tbe  study  of  pathologi- 
cal anatomy  has  long  been  successfully 
pursued  under  Bonnet,  Morgagni,  Laen- 
nec,  and  others;  u  school  baseven  been  esta- 
blished, bearing  the  name  of  "  Anatomo- 
pathological,"  but  no  museum  has  ever 
been  formed  for  the  purposes  of  study. 
During  the  lifetime  of  M.  Dupuytren  he 
made  the  branch  of  pathological  anatomy 
a  constant  study,  and  at  his  death  he 
bequeathed  a  sum  of  money  to  found  a 
professorship  of  the  science.  M.  Orfila 
has  made  the  present  collection,  and  by 
his  zeal  the  wishes  of  Dupuytren  have 
been  promptly  carried  into  effect.  The 
museum  is  situated  in  the  Rue  de  l'Ecole 
de  Medicine,  opposite  the  Rue  Haute - 
feuille,  and  consists  of  two  spacious 
rooms,  fitted  up  with  glass  cases  for  the 
specimens.  One  of  these  cases  already 
contains  a  great  number,  and  amongst  the 
preparations  are  a  collection  of  diseased 
bones,  and  others,  which  have  been 
described  in  the  "  Memoires  de  l'Acade- 
mic  de  Cbirurgie." 

AURORA  BORE  A  LIS. 

On  the  17th  and  18th  Nov.  a  most 
splendid  appearance  of  this  interesting 
phenomenon  was  witnessed  in  different 
parts  of  the  kingdom.  Each  evening  it 
commenced  about  eight  o'clock.  Streams 
of  light  were  exhibited  in  every  part  of 
the  heavens ;  they  were  mostly  pointed 
and  of  different  lengths,  assuming  the 
appearance  of  brilliant  spires  or  pyramids 
— some  again  were  truncated  ana  reached 
but  half  way,  while  others  extended  to  the 
zenith,  where  they  formed  a  sort  of  canopy 
of  luminous  matter.  Sometimes  those 
fiery  streams  appeared  like  rolling  waves 
of  liquid  fire  tinged  with  red,  and  passing 
in  rapid  succession  over  the  whole  face  of 
the  heavens.  These  fiery  waves  were 
again  intermingled  with  the  streamers 
from  all  points  of  the  horizon.  In  the 
metropolis,  the  effect  was  so  illusive  that 
nearly  sixty  of  the  men  and  twelve  of  the 
large  engines  belonging  to  the  Fire  Es- 
tablishment, were  kept  in  almost  incessant 
motion  from  eleven  till  six  in  the  morning, 
pursuing  a  number  of  false  alarms  of  fire. 
At  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  an  alarm 
reached  the  bead  station  of  a  dreadful  fire 
at  Hampstead,  and  the  chief  superintend- 
ent himself  went  out  with  one  of  the 
engines  on  this  occasion.  The  southern 
side  of  the  dome  of  St.  Paul's  was  bril- 
liantly illuminated  by  a  reflected  light, 
and  a  strong  red  glare  of  light  was  seen 
rising  from  the  horizon,  to  a  height  of 
about  30  degrees.  Several  subsequent 
alarms  were  received,  and  from  the  re- 
turns sent  in  to  the  head  station,  it  appears 
that  some  of  the  engines  went  to  I  lamp- 


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[Dec. 


stead,  and  others  to  KUburn,  but  all  on 
idle  errands.  The  night  was  througbdut 
clear,  and  the  stars  shining. 

THE  COMET. 

M.  Arago,  Professor  of  Astronomy  at 
the  Royal  Observatory  of  Paris,  has  com- 
munirated  to  the}  Academy  of  Sciences 
new  information  relative  to  the  physical 
constitution  of  the  comet.  In  the  part 
opposite  to  the  tail,  this  astronomer  per- 
ceived a  luminous  sector  perfectly  distinct. 
Next  day  the  comet  whs  examined,  and  the 
luminous  segment  seen  on  the  previous 
day  was  not  visible  ;  a  circumstance  of 
importance,  inasmuch  as  it  decides  a  great 
question,  viz.  that  of  the  rotation  of 
comets  upon  themselves. 

FOREIGN  LITERATURE. 

A  discovery  of  great  historical  im- 
portance has  been  made  at  Oporto.  The 
nine  books  of  «*  The  History  or  Phoe- 
nicia"  by  Philos  de  Byblos,  have  been 
found  in  the  Convent  Santa  Maria  de 
Mcranhao.  This  work,  of  which  one 
book  only  had  been  preserved  in  the 
»  Pneparatio  Evangelica"  of  Eusebius,  is 
now  complete.  _ 

The  annual  sale  of  books  in  Germany 
amounts  to 21, 500,000  francs.  Forty  years 
ago  there  were  but  300  booksellers :  but 
iu  1833  the  number  had  increased  to  1,094. 

An  application  has  lately  been  made  to 
the  French  Government  to  authorise  a 
professorship  of  English  literature  to  be 
established  in  Paris.  Funds  for  the 
establishment  are  offered  to  be  furnished 
by  the  public-spirited  individual  who  has 
made  the  proposal. 

France  posseses  82  museums  and  160 
schools  of  fine  arts.  The  total  number 
of  her  artists  who  sent  works  to  the  last 
annual  exhibition  was  2231  :  of  these, 
1096  are  painters,  150  sculptors  and  sta- 
tuaries, 113  engraver?,  263  architects,  and 
300  draughtsmen.  Paris  alone  has  35 
schools  of  fine  arts,  20  museums,  and 
1385  artists;  of  which  773  arc  painters, 
106  sculptors,  102  engravers,  195  archi- 
tects, and  209  draughtsmen. 

A  letter  from  Berlin  states  that  Count 
Schilling  Von  Kanstadt,  Russian  Coun- 
sellor of  state,  who  was  then  in  thatcapital, 
had  brought  from  Thibet  no  fewer  than 
7,000 manuscripts,  a  thing  which  no  former 
traveller  has  yet  been  able  to  effect.  It 
was  expected  that  some  chests  of  these 
JVISS.  for  the  most  part  duplicates  of 
those  which  he  had  left  at  St.  Peters- 
burgh,  would  be  purchased  for  the  Royal 
Library. 

UNIVERSAL  SEA  LANGUAGE. 

Sir  John  Ross  has  presented  to  the 
British  Association  a  printed  work, 
called  the  1'iiivtr.utl  Sen  Language.  It 
forms  a  complete  system  of  communica- 


tion between  tbe  crews  of  ships  of  different 
nations,  without  any  knowledge  of  each 
other's  language.  The  inventor  is  a  Capt. 
Rhode,  of  the  Danish  Navy,  who  pre- 
sented it  to  John  Sir  Ross  in  1834.  Sir 
John  having  submitted  it  in  MS.  to  his 
Alajesty,  the  King  was  pleased  to  express 
his  approbation  of  it,  and  directed  him  to 
transmit  it  to  the  Admiralty.  The  Board 
having  reported  favourably  of  it,  sub- 
scribed for  the  usual  number  of  copies, 
and  their  example  has  been  followed  by 
the  Hon.  East  India  Company,  the  Com- 
mittee of  Lloyd  s,  Corporation  of  the 
Trinity- House,  &c. 

TEA  PLANT. 

It  appears  that  some  discoveries  of  the 
tea  plant  have  been  made  on  our  eastern 
frontier  among  the  Munecpoor  hills  and 
that  some  specimens  of  the  leaves  have 
been  sent  down  to  the  Agricultural  and 
Horticultural  Society,  and  are  now  in 
possession  of  Dr.  Wallick.  Major  Grant 
has  the  merit  of  this  new  discovery.  The 
plant  was  pointed  out  to  him  in  the  hills 
by  Shans,  who  knew  it  well,  having 
visited  the  tea  garden  cultivated  by  tbe 
Chinese.  This  circumstance  may  here- 
after render  us  independent  of  China  for 
a  commodity  become  so  necessary  to  the 
comfort  of  Europeans,  and  so 
portant  as  an  object  of  trade. 

NEW  HYDROSTATIC  ENGINE. 

The  Rev.  J.  T.  Porter,  of  Salisbury, 
has  lately  invented  an  ingenious  machine 
which  he  calls  an  Hydrostatic  Engine. 
The  construction  of  the  apparatus  is  sim- 
ple, consisting  of  four  cylinders,  two  of 
which  act  as  pumps,  the  other  two  as 
working  cylinders,  each  of  them  having 
proper  pistons.  The  double-acting  power 
(of  the  model)  is  put  in  motion  by  only 
25  ounces  of  water,  assisted  by  the  lever. 
Some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  force 
of  the  pressure,  when  we  say  that  with 
the  stroke  of  one  of  the  cylinders  of  the 
piston  an  ash  bough  an  inch  and  a  half  in 
diameter,  was  broken  with  the  greatest 
ease.  The  Rev.  Gentleman  is  very  san- 
guine as  to  the  ultimate  success  of  his 
discovery,  and  affirms  that  a  ship,  laden 
with  the  usual  freight,  may  take  a  trip  to 
tbe  East  Indies  and  back,  the  engine  re- 
quiring  for  its  total  supply  not  more  than 
half  a  hogshead  of  spring  water. 

The  Corporation  of  Liverpool  has  this 
year  awarded  its  first  prize  of  501.  for  the 
best  painting  produced  at  the  annual  ex- 
hibition, to  Mr.  Hart,  for  his  picture  of 
Richard  Coeur  de  Lion  and  Saladin  :  and 
its  second  and  third  to  Messrs.  Sidney, 
Cooper,  and  Creswick,  for  a  Group  of 
Cattle,  and  a  Landscape  iu  Wales. 


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ANTIQUARIAN 

Travel*  in  Ethiopia,  above  the  Cataract 
•f the  Stic  ;  exhibiting  tlx  State  of  that 
Country,  and  Us  various  Inhabitants,  under 
the  dominion  of  Mohammed  Mi ;  and  illus- 
trating the  Antiquities,  Arts*  and  History 
of  the  ancient  Kingdom  of  Meroe.  By  G. 
J.  Hoskins,  Esq.  With  a  Mup,  and  Xineiy 
Illustrations,  4*o,  pp.  367. 

Although  numerous  travellers  have  fa- 
voured us  with  their  descriptions  of  the 
monuments  of  Egypt,  few  Europeans 
have  explored  Ethiopia,  above  the  Second 
Cataract  on  the  Nile,  including  the  king- 
dom of  Meroe.  which  abounds  with  mo- 
numents rivalling  those  of  Egypt  in 
grandeur.    And  if,  according  to  Heeren, 
Cham  poll  ion,  Kosellini,  and  our  present 
Author,  Ethiopia  was  the  land  whence 
the  arts  and  learning  of  Egypt,  and  ulti- 
mately of  Greece  and  Home,  derived 
their  origin,  the  antiquities  at  Meroe 
possess  on  that  account  an  interest  supe- 
rior to  those  of  Egypt  itself.    Only  two 
Englishmen  have  preceded  Mr.  Hoskins 
m  his  investigations,  Mr.  Waddington 
and  Lord  Prudhoe.     The  former  fa- 
voured the  public  on  bis  return  with  the 
result  of  his  travels ;  and  Sir  John  Bar- 
row has  lately  communicated  to  the  Royal 
Geographical  Society  a  description  of  the 
peninsula  of  Sennaar  from  the  memo- 
randa of  hiR  Lordship. 

Mr.  Hoskins  had  resided  above  a  year 
in  Upper  Egypt,  delineating  its  edifices 
and  studying  the  sculptures  and  hierogly- 
phics, and  was  about  to  return  to  Europe, 
when  the  arrival  of  an  Italian  artist,  Mon. 
L.  Bandoni,  determined  him  to  visit 
Ethiopia,  and  he  spent  four  months  in  this 
tour,  the  results  of  which  form  the  inte- 
resting subjects  of  this  volume.  His 
drawings  of  antiquities  in  the  Lower 
Valley  of  the  Nile,  he  seems  to  have  de- 
clined publishing,  as  he  was  anticipated 
by  Signor  llosellini's  magnificent  work, 
and  Mr.  Wilkinson's  •«  Thebes  and  Ge- 
neral View  of  Egypt,"  both  already  be- 
fore the  public.    That  of  Champollion 
will  shortly  follow.    Mr.  Hoskins  also 
notices  the  collections  formed  by  Mr. 
Burton,  who  lived  twelve  years  in  the 
country,  Mr.  Hay,  Mr.  Lane,  Dr.  Hogg, 
and  others;  all  of  whom  will  probably 
soonpublish  the  account  of  their  labours. 
To  Ethiopia,  therefore,  Mr.  Hoskins  has 
confined  nimself.     Nor  has  he  limited 
bis  researches  to  its  antiquities  alone,  but 
has  presented  us  with  observations  on  the 
singular  tribes  bv  whom  the  country  is  in- 
habited, and  who  appear  now  in  a  new 
and  peculiaraspcct.  Instead  of  a  proud  and 
independent  race,  they  have  recently  been 
reduced  to  complete  subjection  under  the 


RESEARCHES. 

severe  sway  of  that  extraordinary  con- 
queror Mohammed  Ali,  Pacha  of  Egypt. 

Our  limits,  however,  compel  us  to  con- 
fine our  notice  of  his  work  to  a  few  ex- 
tracts relative  to  the  principal  objects  vi- 
sited by  Mr.  Hoskins. 

Pyramids  of  Meroe.  There  are  re- 
mains and  traces  of  eighty  of  these  Pyra- 
mids :  consisting  of  three  groups ;  which 
for  picturesque  effect  and  elegance  of 
architecture  Mr.  Hoskins  prefers  to  the 
stupendous  Pyramids  of  Geezab.  They 
vary  in  size  from  twenty  feet  to  sixty- 
three  feet  square;  some  with,  others 
without  a  portico.  There  are  thirty- 
three  in  one  group;  another  group  of 
thirteen;  three  other  groups  of  two  each; 
and  another  of  six;  and  at  5,600  feet 
to  the  west  of  the  chief  group,  are  the 
remains  of  twenty-five  more,  almost 
buried.  The  porticoes  on  the  eastern 
side  of  the  Pyramids,  consist  generally 
of  one  room, varying  from  twelve  to  six 
feet  in  length,  and  from  clcvento  six  feet 
in  width. 

The  facades  of  the  porticoes  arc  ele- 
gant. Their  height  is  eleven  feet  four 
inches.  Opposite  the  entrance  is  the 
representation  of  a  monolithic  temple, 
with  sculpture,  much  defaced.  One  of 
the  porticoes  is  interestingly  curious, being 
arched  in  a  regular  masonic  style,  with  a 
key-stone.  It  consists  of  four  or  five 
stones  alternately.  Mr.  Hoskins  thinks 
it  beyond  dispute,  that  the  arch  origi- 
nated in  Ethiopia.  These  Pyramids  be- 
long to  the  remotest  age.  The  sculpture 
is  peculiar  in  style,  but  not  good:  the 
figures  display  a  rotundity  of  form  not 
observed  in  Egyptian  sculpture.  The 
Ethiopian  style  is  antecedent  to  the  Egyp- 
tian; it  is  the  earliest,  not  the  best.  This 
Necropolis,  or  City  of  the  Dead,  is  all 
that  remains  of  Meroe,  the  exact  site  of 
the  town  being  doubtful. 

Ruins  of  Wady,  Ouataib,  or  Meeaurat. 
In  the  interior  of  the  desert  are  exten. 
sive  remains  of  an  edifice,  containing 
temples, courts,  corridors,  &c.  for  religious, 
civil,  domestic,  or  military  purposes,  in 
an  inclosure  or  parallelogram,  760  by  (KiO 
feet,  circumference  2,864  feet.  It  was 
built  by  wretched  architects,  when  art  had 
declined  in  Ethiopia.  The  capitals  in 
the  Ptolemaic  style  of  Egypt.  The 
sculpture  io  high  relief,  but  the  style  bad. 
Air.  Hoskins  thinks  this  was  an  nospitul 
to  which  invalids  suffering  from  malaria 
were  sent  during  the  rainy  season.  The 
age  probably  coeval  with  Ptolemy  II. 
The  Pyramids  of  Meroe  differ  as  widely 
from  the  ruins  of  Wady  el  Owataib  as 
the  best  sculpture  at  Thebes  under  Ra- 


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roeses  H.  from  the  corrupted  style  under 
the  Ptolemies  and  Ca'sars. 

Gihet  el  Birkel  The  height  of  this 
mountain  is  330  feet.  Its  circumference 
.0000  feet  It  is  not  unlike  the  Acropolis 
of  Athens.  Some  broken  pottery  on  the 
eastern  side,  indicates  the  site  of  the  town. 
On  the  western  side  are  two  groups  of 

Srramid6:  one  of  nine,  the  other  of  eight, 
esides  two  temples,  destroyed  by  the 
falling  of  part  of  the  mountain,  there  are 
the  remains  of  eight  other  edifices,  prin- 
cipally temples.  The  Temple  of  T%rhaga 
is  115  feet  6  inches  long,  50  feet  broad. 
The  pylon  destroyed,  but  it  was  1 1  feet 
3  inches  deep.  Total  width  62  feet  j6 
inches.  This  pylon  leads  into  a  portico 
59  feet  long  and  50  feet  2  inches  wide. 
The  portico  consists  of  2  rooms  of  7 
columns  each,  and  2  rows  of  the  same 
number  of  square  pillars.  Four  of  the 
chambers  of  this  temple  are  excavated 
out  of  the  rock,  but  it  is  probably  not 
antient.  Tirhaka  began  to  reign  700 
years  A.  C.  He  was  the  Pharaoh  who 
assisted  Hezekiah  in  his  war  against  Sen- 
nacherib. The  sculpture  is  not  in  the 
Ethiopian  style,  but  rather  Egyptian. 
This  is  the  best  preserved,  most  pictu- 
resque and  curious,  of  all  the  temples  of 
Gibel  el  Birkel.  The  views  and  plans  of 
it  given  in  this  work  are  very  interesting. 

The  Great  Temple  is  now  an  immense 
pile  of  ruins.  One  column  alone  re- 
mains entire,  denoting  its  epoch,  not 
onlv  by  its  style,  but  by  the  name  still 
legible  on  the  slab  of  the  capital;  the 
prmnomen  of  Amunneitb.  Sufficient, 
however,  remains  to  show  its  extent 
and  magnificence;  traces  of  columns, 
fragments  of  battle  scenes,  and  sacred 
processions,  display  its  architectural 
beauty.  Total  length  500  feet.  There 
are  remains  and  traces  of  seven  other 
temples  at  Gibel  el  Birkel.  The  pyra- 
mids are  on  the  western  side  of  the 
mountain.  They  are  17  in  number.  The 
largest  is  88  feet  square,  and  they  vary  to 
20  or  30  feet  square.  Their  height  varies 
from  35  to  60  feet,  and  they  consist  of 
from  30  to  60 steps  each,  receding  about  6 
inches.  They  may  be  ascended,  but  with 
difficulty.  The  style  Ethiopian;  one  has 
an  inscription  in  Ethiopian  characters. 

In  the  pyramids  of  Meroe  Mr.  Hos- 
kins  found  an  arch,  with  a  segment  of  a 
circle ;  but  here  there  are  not  only  speci- 
mens of  that,  but  also  one  of  the  pointed 
areh.  It  consists  of  six  stones,  slightly 
hollowed  out  to  the  shape  of  the  arch ;  they 
are  supported  by  lateral  pressure.  The 
stones  are  not  joined  with  cement.  The 
style  of  the  painting  is  the  Ethiopian,  of 
a  far  more  ancient  date  than  the  sculp- 
ture in  the  Temple  of  Tirhaka.  Mr. 


Hoskins  thus  makes  not  only  the  circu- 
lar, but  the  pointed  arch  to  have  its  origin 
in  Ethiopia;  and  that  the  Egyptian*, 
when  tbey  invaded  Ethiopia,  there  saw 
and  became  acquainted  with  that  useful 
construction.  The  antiquity  of  these  Py- 
ramids is  very  great.  They  are  the 
tombs  of  a  dynasty  of  kings  whose  names 
are  unknown. 

Pyramid*  of  NouH.  These  were  35 
in  number,  of  which  15  only  are  in  any 
kind  of  preservation.  Their  size  varies 
from  10  feet  to  20.  Eight  are  above  80 
feet  square,  and  four  more  above  70  feet ; 
their  height  is  generally  about  the  same 
as  their  diameter.  These  are  the  tombs 
of  another  dynasty,  and  of  a  city  whose 
name  may  be  among  the  many  we  meet 
with  in  the  itineraries.  From  their  ap- 
pearance Mr.  Hoskins  thinks  these  are 
the  most  antient  ruins  in  the  valley  of  the 
Nile,  probably  of  a  city  destroyed  by  the 
great  Sesostns;  and  Gibel  el  Birkel  may 
have  dated  from  its  ruin  the  increase  of 
her  magnificence. 

Island  of  Argo.  Two  colossal  statues 
of  grey  granite  lie  on  the  ground.  The 
faees  are  Egvptian,  but  the  sculpture  is 
Ethiopian  ;  the  length,  with  the  pedestal, 
which  is  2  feet  10  inches,  is  23  feet.  One 
statue  has  lost  part  of  its  arms;  the  other 
is  broken  in  two  pieces,  but  the  features 
are  less  injured.  That  they  were  never 
finished  is  probably  the  reason  tbey  have 
no  hieroglyphics.  One  foot  is  advanced 
before  the  other.  The  broken  statue  has 
a  small  statue  on  its  left  foot.  The 
ornaments  round  the  neck  are  curious, 
and  quite  Ethiopian.  The  wreath  around 
the  head-dress  of  one  of  them  is  that  of  a 
conqueror.  Forty  paces  behind  these  co- 
lossals  is  a  beautiful  fragment  of  a  small 
seated  statue  without  a  head,  and  half 
buried  in  the  ruins ;  the  name  of  Sabaco 
is  engraved  on  it  in  hieroglyphics ;  and 
43  paces  behind  the  latter  is  a  group  of  6 
male  monkeys,  mutilated,  and  almost 
buried.  The  temple  may  have  been  from 
250  to  300  feet  long.  The  name  of  the 
town  is  unknown.  In  the  quarries  of 
Toumbus  there  is  another  statue  12  feet 
long,  much  injured,  but  in  a  good  style  of 
sculpture,  head  destroyed. 

Ruin  opposite  Haffcer.  Thi6  ruin  ha< 
been  for  ages  so  much  decayed  as  scarcely 
to  present  any  other  form  than  that  of  a 
mere  mass  of  brickwork;  but  it  is  proba- 
bly Ethiopian  and  very  antient.  It  does 
not  resemble  (as  Mons.  Cailliaud  ob- 
serves that  it  does)  in  any  respect  the  ele- 
gant fortress  shewn  as  the  walls  of 
Thebes.    It  is  near  the  valley  of  Korma. 

Ruins  ofSolib.  The  first  view  of  this 
celebrated  temple  is  very  imposing,  stand- 
ing proudly  at  the  extremity  of  the  De- 


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1835.] 


Hoskins's  Antiquities  of  Ethiopia. 


C;i9 


serf,  the  only  beacon  of  civilization  in  derable  portion,  covered  with  sculpture, 
this  sea  of  barrenness.  It  is  of  the  purest  of  each  column  is  standing.  They  are  of 
Egyptian  architecture.  Its  plan  is  beau-  sandstone.  There  are  on  the  columns 
tiful,  and  the  architecture  of  the  chastest  representations  of  various  divinities,  par- 
simplicity.  On  entering  tbe  temple  from  ticularly  several  of  Kneph,  to  whom  pro- 
the  second  propylon,  tbe  view  is  most  bably  this  temple  was  dedicated, 
striking.  Here  the  magnificence  and  ex-  Temple  at  Semneh.  It  consists  of  a  nar- 
quisite  architecture  of  this  temple  are  row  room  28  feet  by  10,  with  a  plain  fa. 
well  displayed.  Five  columns  appear  in  cade.  Itsexterioris  ornamented  with  square 
tbe  view  of  it  given  by  Mr.  Hoskins,  pillars,  and  one  polygonal  column.  The 
detached  from  each  other,  proud  monu-  pillars  sustain  architraves,  which  project 
merits  of  the  power  and  greatness  of  tbe  one  foot  beyond  the  columns.  Tbe  walls, 
Egyptian  conqueror  Amunoph  III.  who  inside  and  out,  are  covered  with  sculp, 
erected  them,  and  whose  name  and  titles  ture  and  hieroglyphics,  but  defaced.  Over 
are  engraved  in  hieroglyphics  on  their  tbe  entrance  the  king  is  on  his  knees  mak- 
sbafts.  They  bear  also  the  name  of  the  ing  offerings  to  Kneph.  The  original 
great  divinity  Amun  Ra,  to  whom  the  sculpture  has  been  removed  to  make 
temple  was  dedicated.  Many  broken  room  for  a  more  modern  work,  and  for  a 
columns  lie  on  tbe  ground ;  the  roof  is  long  tablet  of  hieroglyphics,  the  style  of 
gone,  and  only  a  piece  of  architrave  re-  which  is  Roman.    J  he  name  and  titles 


mains,  supported  by  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  perfect  of  the  columns. 
The  architecture  of  the  column  is  more 
light  and  elegant  than  almost  any  speci- 
men of  the  same  kind  in  Egypt,  without 
losing  that  character  of  grandeur  and 
seventy  so  much  in  unison  with  its  situa- 
tion. 

In  the  last  chamber  are  12  columns. 


of  Tbothmes  III.  Sun,  Establisher  of 
the  World,  is  erected  on  the  column  and 
square  pillars,  and  the  same  name  in  basso 
relievo  is  every  where  visible  on  the  walls. 

Tbe  king,  Thothmes  III.  is  offering  to 
his  ancestor  Osirtesen,  seated  as  a  divi- 
nity in  tbe  boat  of  the  Sun,  with  tbe 
crook  and  lash  of  Osiris  in  his  hands. 
In  the  interior  of  the  temple  is  a  frag- 


of  which  only  one  is  perfect.    Its  capital    ment  of  a  statue  of  Osiris,  wanting  the 


represents  branches  of  tbe  palm  tree. 
It  has  also  a  representation  of  a  king  pre- 
senting offerings  to  Honsoo,  with  the 
globe  and  short  horns  for  a  head  dress. 
Near  the  bases  of  these  columns  there 
are  represented  a  number  of  prisoners, 
with  their  heads  and  busts  resting  on  tur- 


head,  the  style  Egypto- Roman.  It 
is  probable  that  this  temple,  originally 
dedicated  to  Kneph,  was  afterwards,  in 
the  more  corrupt  Roman  age,  appro- 
priated to  the  peculiar  worship  of  Osiris. 

Temple  at  Semneh — east  tide  of  the  river. 
The  pillars  and  columns  are  ornamented 


feted  ovals,  containing  tbe  names  of  the  with  hieroglyphics,  in  which  tbe  name  of 
countries  whence  they  came ;  their  hands    Tbothmes  III.  is  distinguishable.  The 


are  tied  behind  their  backs,  in  the  usual 
Egyptian  manner.  The  whole  length  of 
the  temple  was  540  feet,  and  the  number 
of  columns  more  than  84.  On  a  door, 
the  king  is  represented  with  a  staff  in 
his  hand,  addressing  Amun  Ra,  who  has 


names  of  Amunoph  HI.  and  Thothmes 
II.  also  occur  in  this  temple.  Tbe  walls 
are  decorated  with  sculpture  in  a  good 
style,  but  defaced. 

On  the  granite  rocks,  a  short  distance 
south-east  of  the  temple,  are  some  hie- 


the  usual  sceptre  of  tbe  gods.  Above  the  roglypbical  inscriptions.  They  contain 
latter  is  the  king  presenting  offerings  to  a  tbe  names  of  Thothmes  III.  and  Amu- 
divinity,  tbe  hieroglyphical  titles  of  which  noph  III. 

are  not  legible ;  but  the  wings  of  the  god-  Although  in  the  preceding  extracts 

dess  of  Truth  are  visible.   Divinities  with  we  have  confined  ourselves  strictly  to  the 

the  attributes  of  Horus,  Tboth,  iEnubis,  chief  antiquities  of  Ethiopia  described  by 

Osiris,  and  Amun  Ra,  are  also  to  be  dis-  Mr.  Hoskins,  his  readers  will  be  much 

anguished.  After  the  Pyramids  of  Meroe  pleased  with  his  descriptions  of  the  man. 

this  is  decidedly  the  most  magnificent  ners  and  customs  of  the  people,  who  have 

ruin  in  Ethiopia;  superior  to  the  former  not  yet  left  off  their  peculiar  habits,  or 

in  picturesque  and  architectural  beauty,  adopted  those  of  their  stern  conquerors, 

but  less  interesting  to  the  antiquary,  in  The  last  chapters  of  Mr.  Hoskins's 

Mr.  Hoskins's  opinion,  as  being  Egyp-  work  are  devoted  to  dissertations  on  tbe 

tian  and  not  Ethiopian.  general  History  of  Meroe,  and  on  its 

Temple  of  Amarah.     Of  this  temple  Commerce  and  Arts;  which  will  wel 

there  is  sufficient  remaining  to  exhibit  the  repay  an  attentive  perusal. 

style  and  epoch.    The  architecture  is   

Ethiopian.  Not  a  fragment  of  the  capi- 
tals  of  the  columns  remains ;  but  a  consi- 


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640  Antiquarian 

LA  BAINTK  CHAPEU.E,  PARIS. 

This  beautiful  architectural  work,  built 
in  1248  by  Louis  IX.  was  singularly  for- 
tunate in  escaping  from  destruction  at  the 
period  of  the  great  Revolution.  Though 
entirely  stripped  of  all  the  shrine-work 
and  jewels  which  it  contained,  it  was  saved 
from  material  damage  by  being  converted 
into  one  of  the  principal  record  offices; 
and  even  the  painted  glass,  which  is  of 
high  antiquity  and  curiosity,  was  pre- 
served entire,  or  nearly  so.  The  present 
government,  who  with  the  best  taste  and 
true  patriotism  are  restoring  at  great  ex- 
pense all  the  Monuments  of  France, 
have  lately  determined  to  restore  this 
Chapel  to  its  original  splendour. 

It  stands  in  the  midst  of  the  ancient 
Royal  Palace,  which  has  been  long  since 
appropriated,  first  to  the  Parliaments  of 
France,  and  after  the  Revolution  to  the 
different  Courts  of  Justice,  and  which  is 
also  to  partake  of  the  intended  renovation. 

An  architect  named  Lassaz  has  for 
eighteen  months  been  constantly  employed 
in  taking  the  dimensions  of  every  por- 
tion of  the  architecture  and  its  enrich- 
ments; and  in  consequence  obtained  the 
gold  medal  of  the  Academy,  and  the  ap- 
pointment to  be  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners for  the  restoration.  He  proposes 
to  publish  a  volume  on  the  subject,  which 
will  contain  about  fifteen  plates  of  the 
largest  size. 

MACEDONIAN  COINS. 

A  valuable  collection  of  Macedonian 
and  other  antique  medals  has  been  brought 
to  France  by  Gen.  A  Hard,  who  has  been 
long  resident  with  Runjeet  Sing,  the  so- 
vereign of  Lahore.  Most  of  them  date 
as  far  back  as  the  expedition  of  Alexan- 
der to  India,  and  some  are  said  to  have 
been  picked  up  on  the  assigned  field  of  the 
battle  which  decided  the  fate  of  Porus. 
They  have  been  purchased  by  the  French 
government  for  400,000 fr.  and  are  depo- 
sited in  the  King's  Library. 

OLD  SARUM  CATHEDRAL. 

After  the  paragraph  in  p.  540  was  writ- 
ten, the  examination  of  the  foundations 
of  this  ancient  building  was  continued. 
The  outline  of  the  transept  has  been 
traced,  and  its  dimensions  ascertained  to 
be  176  feet  in  length,  and  about  70  in 
breadth.  Another  interment  has  also 
been  discovered.  The  body  lay  near  the 
east  end,  a  little  above  the  feet  of  that 
previously  found,  and  in  the  usual  posi- 
tion, with  the  feet  to  the  east.  As  in 
the  former  case,  there  was  no  coffin.  But 
a  discovery,  worthy  of  notice,  is  that  of 
a  vacant  grave,  hollowed  in  the  founda- 
tion of  what  appears  to  have  baen  the 
plinth,   supporting  the  range  of  pillars 

10 


Researches,  [Dec. 

wliich  separated  the  choir  from  its  south- 
ern aisle.  It  is  about  twelve  feet  from  the 
eastern  extremity  of  the  building,  and 
consequently  must  have  been  under  tbe 
first  arch,  on  the  right  side  of  the  high 
altar.    It  is  six  feet  seven  inches  and  a 
half  long,  two  feet  two  inches  and  a  half 
wide  at  the  bead,  one  foot  ten  inches  at 
the  foot,  and  ten  inches  in  depth.  The 
bottom  is  formed  by  the  foundation  it- 
self, and  the  sides  and  ends  were  lined 
with  hewn  stone,  accurately  set.  The 
northern  side  and  the  two  ends  still  re- 
main.   It  is  two  feet  and  a  half  under 
the  surface  of  the  ground.     From  its 
situation  and  form  we  need  not  hesitate 
to  ascribe  this  receptacle  to  the  original 
founder  of  our  church,  the  venerable  Bi- 
shop Osmund;  whose  monumental  slab, 
preserved  in  the  present  Cathedral,  ex- 
actly agTees  with  it,  whilst  those  of  Bi- 
shops Roger  and  Joceline  (also  removed 
in  1226  to  the  new  fabric)  do  not.  At 
the  eastern  termination  of  the  building, 
and  without  the  wall,  near  the  bottom  of 
tbe  foundation,  a  massive  key  was  disco- 
vered, about  eight  inches  long,  and  weigh- 
ing nearly  a  pound.  It  doubtless  belonged 
to  somedoorof  the  Church.  It  is  a  very  ex- 
traordinary circumstance  that  old  men,  who 
have  a  clear  recollection  of  the  hill  for 
seventy  years,  cannot  remember  that  any 
traces  of  the  foundations  appeared  before 
last  year,  nor  was  the  situation  of  the 
Church  known,  except  from  antiquarian 
conjecture.    We  have  reason  to  hope  that 
Mr.  Hatcher,  author  of  tbe  •*  Account 
of  Salisbury,"  will  draw  up  a  short  de- 
scription of  the  building  and  establish- 
ment, as  an  Appendix  to  that  work ;  a 
task  which,  from  his  attention  to  the  ex- 
cavations, and  his  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  historical  evidence  of  Bishop 
Osmund's  Register,  he  is  well  a  We  to 
perform. 

RELICS  OF  THE  BATTLE  OF  OXFORD. 

In  forming  a  new  line  of  road  at  Ma- 
dam's court  (Murant's  court)  Hill,  near 
Seven  Oaks,  in  Kent,  which  road  passes 
at  no  great  distance  from  the  village  of 
9tford,  several  human  skeletons  have 
been  found,  one  of  a  man  of  large  stature, 
the  skull  of  whom  exhibits  marks  of  a 
perforation  by  a  spear  or  arrow.  The 
thigh  bone  of  this  skeleton  measured 
nearly  two  feet.  Another  had  a  shore 
dagger  sticking  in  tbe  vertebrae  of  the 
back.  Two  battles  were  fought  near 
Otford,  one  in  the  year  774>  between 
King  Ofla  and  Aldric  King  of  Kent ;  the 
other  in  1016,  between  Edmund  Ironside 
and  Canute,  (see  Gent.  Mag.  June  1820, 
p.  489.)  As  the  latter  battle  was  fought 
in  the  valley,  and  these  remains  are  on  the 
heights,  they  are  perhaps  relics  of  the 
first. 

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1835.]  641 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGI 

SPAIN. 

On  the  1 6th  of  November  the  Queen 
Kegent  opened  the  Cortes  in  person. 
The  Speech  sets  out  by  stating  the  plea- 
sure her  Majesty  felt  in  meeting  the 
Cortes  of  the  Kingdom.  It  then  states 
the  firm  hopes  of  her  Majesty  that  the 
termination  of  the  civil  war  is  at  hand, 
and  expresses  her  utmost  confidence  in  her 
Ministers,  who,  it  observes,  also  enjoy 
the  confidence  of  the  nation.  By  their 
wisdom  and  talents,  aided  by  the  co-ope- 
tion  of  the  Representatives  of  the  Spa- 
nish Monarchy,  she  trusts  not  only  to 
put  an  end  to  the  civil  war,  but  also  to 
meet  all  the  demands  of  the  public  credi- 
tors of  the  State,  domestic  as  well  as 
foreign,  without  a  necessity  for  resorting 
to  new  loans  or  increase  of  taxation,  and 
to  establish  public  credit  on  a  solid  basis. 
After  referring  to  the  judicial  reforms 
effected  and  in  prospect,  and  the  exer- 
tions in  progress  for  regulating  the  eccle- 
siastical affairs  of  the  Kingdom,  her  Ma- 
jesty states  that  a  law  would  be  submitted 
to  the  Chambers  for  determining,  on  a 
satisfactory  principle,  the  fate  of  the  regu- 
lar Clergy. 

ITALY. 

On  the  7th  of  Oct.  the  waters  of  the 
Arno  were  led  into  the  two  newly  opened 
channels  of  Monte  Cotillo,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  Pope  and  of  thousands  of 
spectators.  The  Pope  had  come  to  Ti- 
voli  on  the  6th  to  view  the  finished  works. 
By  the  execution  of  this  great  work,  the 
town  of  Tivoli  has  been  rescued  from  in- 
evitable destruction.  Fotchi,  the  archi- 
tect who  planned  and  executed  the  work, 
has  received  ample  presents  from  the 
Pope. 

AUSTRIA. 

The  first  coins  of  the  Emperor  Ferdi- 
nand have  been  issued.  They  have  on 
one  side  the  bust  of  the  Emperor,  with 
the  laurel  crown,  and  on  the  reverse  the 
imperial  eagle,  with  the  coat  of  arms  like 
the  coins  or  the  preceding  sovereign,  and 
the  date  1835.  Instead  of  the  legend  «4  Jus- 
titia  Regnorum  fundameutum,M  they  have 
the  motto  of  the  new  Emperor,  Recta 
tuere." 

BU88IA  AND  POLAND. 

The  Czar  Nicholas  continues  to  heap 
the  most  severe  insults  and  injuries  on 
Poland.  He  has  extinguished  what  re- 
mains of  the  Polish  nobility,and  escheated 

0£2iT.  Mac.  Vol.  IV. 


NEWS. 

their  estates  to  Russians.  Iu  pasting 
through  this  unhappy  country  the  other 
day,  his  agents  had  assembled  some  ser- 
vile Poles  to  meet  him  with  a  deputation. 
He  affected  to  refuse  to  bear  their  false- 
hoods, and  thus  proceeded :  "  Gentle- 
men, we  require  actions,  and  not  mere 
words;  repentance  should  come  from  the 
heart.  I  speak  to  you  without  anger, 
and  you  must  perceive  that  1  am  per- 
fectly calm  ;  I  have  no  rancour,  and  I 
will  do  you  good  even  in  spite  of  your- 
selves. Vou  have,  gentlemen,  to  choose 
between  two  alternatives  j  either  to  per- 
sist in  your  illusions,  as  to  an  independent 
kingdom  of  Poland,  or  to  live  tranquilly, 
as  faithful  subjects,  under  my  Govern- 
ment ;  if  you  persist  in  your  dreams  of  a 
distinct  nationality,  of  the  independ- 
ence of  Poland,  and  of  all  these  chi- 
meras, you  will  only  draw  down  upon 
yourselves  still  greater  misfortunes.  I 
nave  raised  this  citadel ;  and  I  declare 
that,  on  the  slightest  insurrection,  I  will 
cause  its  cannon  to  thunder  upon  the 
city.  Warsaw  shall  be  destroyed,  and 
certainly  shall  never  be  rebuilt  in  my 
time." 

GREECE. 

Letters  from  Athens  mention  that  that 
city  was  rapidly  rising  to  some  import- 
ance ;  several  new  streets  had  been  con- 
strueted  on  a  handsome  plan,  and  fo- 
reigners, particularly  English,  were  arriv- 
ing in  great  numbers.  Mr.  Black,  an 
English  gentleman,  who  married  the  cele- 
brated Alaid  of  Athens,  had  been  placed 
at  the  head  of  the  police,  and  great  im- 
provements in  the  comforts  and  cleanli- 
ness of  the  city  had  taken  place  since  his 
accession  to  office.  Mr.  Olass,  as  the 
representative  of  a  leading  London  bank- 
ing house,  had  obtained  from  the  Greek 
Government  the  exclusive  right,  for  30 
years,  to  establish  a  bank  at  Athens,  with 
a  capital  of  1,500,000/.,  with  power  to 
issue  notes  to  the  amount  of  one- third  of 
the  capital,  the  remaining  two-thirds  to 
be  in  specie.  The  rate  of  interest  upon 
which  it  was  to  advance  money,  was 
not  to  exceed  8  per  cent,  upon  land,  or 
12  per  cent  on  houses.  The  port  of  the 
Pincus,  about  a  mile  from  Athens,  be- 
tween which  a  fine  macadamized  road 
bad  been  constnicted,  was  also  rapidly 
forming  into  a  town  of  some  consequence. 
The  Greek  Government,  in  fact,  were 
doing  every  thing  to  encourage  and  pro- 


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C42  Foreign  News.— Domestic  Occurrences.  [Dec. 

mote  civilization,  and  to  repair  the  havoc  to  be  used  on  these  roads  are  being  built 
which  ages  of  desolation  and  tyranny  had  according  to  a  model  of  one  sent  to  Egypt 
caused.  by  a  coachmaker  of  this  country.  1  bere 
A  Saxon  geologist  has  discovered  an  are  at  present  steam-boats  which  are  con- 
enormous  seam  of  coal  in  Eubcea,  and  Btantly  navigating  the  Nile.  The 


irnui  uiwu:-i    arom    ui    iwu    m    uuuui«,    ......   .   o         y  ,  , 

estimates  its  possible  extent  to  amount  to  has  also  patronised  the  employment  by 

35  millions  of  cwt.    The  importance  of  Mr.  Briggs  of  two  engineers  sent  out 

this  sable  treasure  is  so  much  the  greater  from  this  country,  for  the  purpose  of 

to  Greece,  as  the  Mediterranean  has  hi-  boring  for  water  in  different  parts  of  the 

therto  been  supplied  with  coals  exclu-  Desert  between  Cairo  and  Suez.    I  bey 

lively  from  Britain.  have  already  by  their  skill  succeeded  in 

discovering  water  in  several  parts  ot  tbe 

EGYPT.  Desert  on  this  line.    He  has  also  pa- 

Ali  Pacha  is  extending  his  improve-  tronised  the  publication  of  a  weekly 

ments  in  every  direction,  according  to  the  newspaper  at  Cairo,  in  the  Arabic  and 

most  approved  modes  of  European  civi-  Turkish  Umpirages,  for  the  instruction  of 

ligation.    He  has  attached  regular  bands  his  people.  Mchemet  AH  has  besides  im- 

of  military  music  to  each  of  his  regi-  bibed  the  taste  of  an  antiquary.    He  has 

ments,  with  European  instructors,  who  most  strictly  prohibited  the  exportation 

teach  the  Arab  musicians,  according  to  of  Egyptian  antiquities.    It  is  said  that  a 

European  notes  of  music,   to  play  on  museum  is  to  be  formed  at  Cairo,  and 

Europcaninstrumentsthepopularmarches  placed  under  tbe  care  of  one  of  tbe  yoimg 
and  airs  of  England,  Frunce,  and  Ger-     Arabs  who  are  now  prosecuting  then: 

many.    A  short  distance  from  Cairo,  he  studies  at  Paris ;  the  government,  there- 
has  established  a  permanent  military  hos-    fore,  not  only  prohibits  tbe  exportation 
pital,  and  placed  it  under  European  sur-    of  antiquities  but  purposes  to  purchase 
geons,  and  the  same  rules  are  adopted  in    all  that  are  in  the  possession  of  private 
it  as  prevail  in  the  best  regulated  hospi-  persons, 
tals  in  Europe ;  he  has  also  formed,  in  chiva. 
connection  with  it,  a  school  of  medicine        Recent  intelligence  from  Canton  states 
and  anatomy,  in  which  not  only  botany,    that  the  first  season  of  the  free  trade 
mineralogy,  and  chemistry  arc  taught,  but    business  had  been  much  more  extensive 
human  bodies  are  publicly  dissected  by    than  any  conducted  under  the  East  India 
those  who  profess  the  Mahommedan  re-     Company's  charter.    Notjess  than  158 
ligion,  and  who  are  publicly  rewarded  in    vessels,   registering   82,472    tons,  und 
the  heart  of  a  great  Mahommedan  city,    freighted  with  43,641,200  lbs.    of  teas, 
for  the  skill  and  knowledge  they  display    bad  left  Canton  io  the  course  of  the 
in  dissections.    Carriage  roads  are  being    year.    Hitherto  the  new  arrangements 
constructed    between    Alexandria  and    had  worked  well,  and  there  appeared  to 
Cairo,  and  also  between  Alexandria  and    be  every  prospect  of  their  continuing  to 
Kosetta  and  Dauiietta,  and  stage-coaches    do  so.  ' 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 

M     r   t  building,  at  Dovor,  North  Shields,  Car- 

JNew  Churches.  marthen,  Tredegar,  co.  Monmouth,  and 

The  fifteenth  Annual  Report  of  his  Habersham  Eaves,  co.  Lancaster.  Four 

Majesty's  Commission  for  building  new  chapels  are  also  to  be  built,  at  Sheerness, 

churches  has  just  been  published,  from  Loughborough,  Newport,  co.  Monmouth, 

which  it  appears  that  (since  the  publica-  and  in  the  parish  of  St.  John,  West- 

tion  of  their  last.  Report)  four  churches  minster.    His  Majesty's  Commissioner? 

and  chapels  have  been  completed,  at  the  have  proposed  to  make  grants  in  aid  of 

following  places at  Bollington  and  at  building  churches  and  chapels   at  the 

Norbury,  co.  Chester;  at  Cross  Stones,  nine  following  places,  vir.. At  Dawky 

co.  York ;  and  at  Spatland,  co.  Lancas-  and  Oldbury,  Salop  ;  in  tbe  parish  of  St. 

ter.    In  these  four  churches  and  chapels  Georgc-in-the-East,  co.  Middlesex;  ot 

accommodation  has  been  provided  for  Bridgwater,   co.  Somerset  ;  at  Stale)** 

4-,500  persons,  including  2,370  free  seats  bridge,  co.  Lancaster;  at  Duckinfield,  co. 

to  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  poor.  Chester ;  at  Tipton,  co.  Stafford  ;  in  the 

Thus,  in  the  whole,  212  churches  and  parish  of  St.  James,  Westminster;  and 

chapels  have  now  been  completed,  and  Halifax,  co.  York.    Since  the  last  Re« 

therein  a  total  provision  has  been  made  port,  the  parish  of  Wrockwaidine,  co. 

for  283,555  persons,  including  155,938  Salop,  has  been  divided  into  two  distinct 

free  seats.    In  addition  to  these,  five  and  separate  |>arislies,  under  the  provi- 

churches  and  chapels  are  in  the  course  of  sions  of  the  act.    Ecclesiastical  district* 


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Domestic  Occurrences. 


643 


have  been  formed  under  the  same  act,  out 

of  the  respective  parishes  of  St.  Philip 
and  Jacob,  in  Bristol;  Wantage,  Berks; 
Alfreton,  co.  Derby ;  and  district  cha- 
pelries  have  been  assigned  to  St.  Peter's 
Chapel,  St.  James's  Chapel,  SL  Marga- 
ret's Chapel,  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  and 
Shaw  Chapel,  in  the  chapelry  of  Old- 
ham, co  Lancaster  ;  to  St.  Paul's,  All 
Saints,  and  St.  John's  Chapels,  Portsea, 
co.  Southampton ;  to  St.  Mark's  and 
Hanover  Chapels,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
George,  Hanover-square, co.  Middlesex; 
to  St.  James's,  Holy  Trinity,  and  St. 
Nicholas's  Chapels,  in  the  township  of 
Whitehaven,  and  parish  of  St  Bees,  co. 
Cumberland  ;  and  to  the  chapel  at  Saint 
Day,  in  the  parish  of  Gwennap,  co- 
Cornwall. 

Nov.  5.  The  first  stone  was  laid  of  a 
new  chapel  at  Styal,  in  the  parish  of 
Hllmstorc,  Cheshire,  by  the  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Stanley,  reetor  of  Alderley,  who 
delivered  a  very  excellent  address.  The 
site  is  given  by  the  Earl  of  Stamford 
and  Warrington,  and  the  eost  of  the  build- 
ing will  be  defrayed  by  subscription. 

The  ceremony  of  laying  the  first  stone 
of  a  new  church  at  Dorking,  Surrey, 
lately  took  place.  The  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester was  present  at  the  ceremony. 
The  expense  of  the  new  edifice  (which  is 
to  be  much  larger  than  the  old  one)  has 
already  been  provided  for  solely  by  the 
voluntary  subscription  of  the  neighbour- 
ing gentry  und  townspeople. 

1  he  workmen  have  begun  to  prepare 
the  foundation  for  a  new  church  in  Vin* 
cent-square,  Vauxhallbridge-road.  It  will 
be  built  at  the  sole  expense  of  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  Westminster,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  their  numerous  tenants 
residing  in  that  neighbourhood.  The 
dilapidated  almshouses,  now  standing  in 
York  street,  are  to  be  taken  down,  aud 
rebuilt  adjoining  the  new  church. 

The  ancient  church  at  Old  Dalby,  Lei- 
cestershire, is  in  the  course  of  re-con- 
struction at  the  sole  cost  and  charge  of 
the  rector,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sawyer,  who,  on 
the  death  of  Sir  Herbert  Sawyer,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  principal  estate  at  that  place. 

The  erection  of  a  small  new  church  in 
the  village  of  RathuuU,  near  Settle,  is 
nearly  completed. 

The  Bishop  of  Durham  has  consecrated 
the  new  church  at  Dinnin^Um,  Northum- 
berland. Dinnington  is  now  a  distinct 
parish,  with  a  considerable  district,  con- 
secrated by  the  name  of  the  vicarage  of 
St.  Matthew.  The  lie  v.  J.  Lightfoot, 
vicar  of  Pouteland,  is  the  patron,  who 
has  presented  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Furness  to 
the  vicarage. 


On  the  4th  Nov.  the  Bishop  of  London 
consecrated  the  new  church  and  burial 
ground  of  St.  John's,  Potter's  Bar,  near 
Burnet.  It  has  been  endowed  by  George 
Byng,  esq.  M.P.  for  Middlesex,  and 
erected  in  the  Norman  style,  from  a  de- 
sign by  Edward  Blore,  esq.  F.S  A.  The 
patroinige  is  vested  in  the  Bishop,  who 
has  presented  the  Rev.  Henry  G.  Wat- 
kins,  jun. 

A  lay  association  has  been  formed  at 
Dublin,  "  for  aiding  the  Irish  Clergy  in 
the  protection  of  church  property."  It 
ranks  among  its  contributors — the  Duke 
of  Northumberland,  Murquisof  Wuterford, 
Marquis  of  Downshire,  M;irquis  of  Ely, 
Earl  of  Winehilsea,  Earl  of  Roden,  Earl 
of  Bandon,  and  others  of  the  nobility  and 
gentry,  who  have  largely  subscribed  The 
object  of  this  association  is  to  bring  the 
Protestant  laity  forward  in  defence  of 
their  rights,  and  of  the  endowments  en- 
tailed upon  them  for  the  purpose  of  keep- 
ing up  their  religious  worship.  In  vari- 
ous parts  of  Ireland  there  is  now  the  most 
determined  resistance  to  the  payment  of 
tithes,  particularly  in  Connaught ;  and  at 
recent  Sunday  meetings  of  the  parishes  of 
Aughagour  and  Burrishoole,  co.  Mayo, 
it  was  most  distinctly  declared  "  that 
there  should  be  no  tithes  collected,  and 
that  they  would  resist  them  to  the  death." 

(Jet.  2G.  At  Loughborough,  Leices- 
tershire, a  society  has  been  formed  for 
the  purpose  of  resisting  the  spread  of 
Roman  Catholic  dogmas,  entitled  44  the 
Loughborough  and  Ashby  Protestant 
Tract  Society."  Numerous  subscriptions 
have  since  been  received  for  promoting 
the  objects  in  view. 

Owing  to  the  very  low  price  of  agricul- 
tural produce,  and  the  distress  of  the 
farmers  consequent  thereon,  numerous 
meetings  of  the  landed  interest  have 
taken  place  in  different  parts  of  the 
country.  On  the  3d  of  Nov.  a  general 
meeting  of  the  East  Suffolk  Agricultural 
Association,  and  of  the  farmers  resident 
in  that  division  of  the  county,  was  held  at 
the  Castle  of  Framliugham,  with  the 
avowed  object  of  taking  the  first  step  to- 
wards a  general  union  of  all  the  Agricul- 
tural Associations  throughout  England 
into  one  body,  having  permanent  delegates 
constantly  sitting  in  Loudon.  On  the 
6th  a  most  important  meeting  of  agricul- 
turists, consisting  of  deputations  from 
the  Agricultural  Societies  of  the  counties 
of  Bucks,  Cambridge,  Warwick,  East 
Suffolk,  Lincoln,  and  Worcester,  took 
place  at  Aylesbury,  at  which  the  Mar- 
quis of  Chandos  presided,  to  propose 
some  measure  of  general  relief  for  the 
farmers  throughout  the  country.  The 


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Domestic  Occurrences.—  Theafrieal  Remitter.  [Dec. 


644 

noble  Chairman,  Mr.  Twiss,  Sir  William 
Young,  Bart.  M.  P.  and  several  others 
addressed  the  meeting,  when  it  was  re- 
solved "  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this 
meeting  thnt  agriculture  is  depressed  at 
this  time  beyond  jireeedent,  and  demands 
the  immediate  attention  of  the  Legisla- 
ture." On  the  Rih  Nov.  the  members  of 
the  Yorkshire  Central  .Agricultural  Asso- 
ciation held  their  annual  meeting.  In  the 
speeches  delivered  on  the  occasion,  the  se- 
veral speakers  stated  the  necessity  of  the 
farmers  uniting  to  protect  their  interests, 
and  merging  all  political  considerations 
in  the  object  they  had  in  view.  Petitions 
to  the  two  bouses  of  Parliament,  setting 
forth  the  distressed  state  of  agriculture, 
and  praying  for  relief,  were  very  nume- 
rously signed.  Connected  with  agricul- 
tural distress  is  the  existence  of  incen- 
diarism in  the  rural  districts,  particularly 
Berks,  Wilts,  Herts,  and  Hants. 

Notwithstanding  the  distresses  of  the 
agricultural  interests,  it  appears  that  al- 
most every  branch  of  trade  connected 
with  the  manufacturing  districts  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition,  and  the  iron  trade 
in  particular  is  rapidly  increasing.  In 
Scotland  the  business  has  increased  50 
per  cent,  during  the  last  ten  years.  In 
1825  the  entire  quantity  of  iron  made  in 
that  part  of  the  Empire  was  certainly 
wider  50,000;  whereas  it  now  exceeds 
78,000  tons,  and  is  rapidly  extending, 
several  new  furnaces  having  been  con- 
structed in  the  course  of  the  last  and  the 
present  year. 

There  has  lately  been  discovered  on 
the  property  of  Lord  Dinorben,  in  the 

fiarifrh  of  Llanwenilwofo,  Angtesea,  and 
n  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
Parys  and  Mona  mines,  a  very  rich  vein 
of  copper.  It  is  in  many  parts  almost 
in  a  pure  state,  and  mucb  purer  than  even 
the  copper  coinage  of  1709.  The  dis- 
covery is  very  seasonable,  as  the  Parys 
and  Mona  mines,  which  have  so  long 
been  a  source  of  immense  wealth  to  their 
proprietors,  and  of  profitable  employment 
to  many  hundreds  of  poor  families,  were 
become  nearly  exhausted,  at  least  so  far 
as  they  had  been  explored. 

A  very  handsome  building  has  lately 
been  erected  at  Oldhum,  in  Lancashire,  at 
the  cost  of  several  thousand  pounds,  by 
the  inhabitants  of  that  town,  called  «  The 
Blue  Coat  School ;"  for  clothing  and 
educating  100  poor  boys;  and  which  has 
been  endowed  by  a  gentleman  of  the  name 
of  Ilenshaw,  who  died  there  a  few  years 
since,  with  a  sum  of  money  amounting  to 
upwards  of  70,000/. 

The  fourteenth  Report  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  Excise  Inquiry,  on  the 


article  Paper,  just  published,  recommends 
the  duties  to  be  consolidated,  and  re- 
duced to  l{d.  per  lb. ;  that  the  duties  on 
stained  pap'er  be  repealed,  and  that  the 
survey  of  the  Excise  on  that  manufac* 
ture,  as  well  as  on  the  makers  of  tea- 
trays  and  other  pasteboard  articles,  be 
discontinued. — The  first  class  paper,  made 
of  rags,  at  present  pays  3d.  per  lb. ;  the 
second  class,  made  wholly  of  tarred  rope 
or  cordage,  I  id.  per  lb.;  and  the  doty  on 
stained  paper  and  pasteboard  manufac- 
tures, It.  per  lb.  on  the  highest  rate  of 
duty. 

THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

DRURV  LANE. 

Oct.  1.  This  Theatre  opened  for  the 
season  with  Shakspeare's  Macbeth,  in 
which  Mr.  Mncready  personated  the 
Scottish  thane  with  more  than  wonted 
energy,  and  Miss  Ellen  Tree  unwisely 
nt tempted  the  arduous  character  of  Ludy 
Macbeth,  and  failed.  The  Entertain- 
ment consisted  of  the  first  representation 
of  a  new  farce  ycleped  The  Xight  Patrol, 
from  the  pen  of  the  late  Mr.  Pocock, 
which  was  justly  condemned. 

Oct.  13.  The  late  Mr.  Pocock's  dra- 
matic version  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Old 
Mortality,"  was  produced,  under  the  dis- 
guised name  of  Cavaliers  and  Soundheads, 
and  met  with  moderate  success.  'J  he 
music  consists  of  some  pretty  Scotch  bal- 
lads, and  a  sprinkling  of  the  most  popu- 
lar airs  from  Bellini's  "  1  PuritanL" 

Oct.  26.  A  new  melo- drama,  called 
The  Travel  big  Carriage,  was  played,  and 
well  received.  Jt  is  a  translation  from 
the  French  by  Mr.  Planch*. 

Oct  30.  The  Siege  of  HocheVe,  an  origi- 
nal opera  by  Mr.  lialfc,  was  ushered 
forth,  with  richly  merited  success.  The 
dramatic  character  of  the  piece  is  very 
mediocre,  but  the  music  is  delicious,  and 
will  become  every  day  more  and  more 
popular. 

Oct.  31.  A  "Comedietta!  "  from  the 
i  reneh,  called  Forgive  and  Forget was 
thrust  upon  us.  It  is  a  poor  affair,  but 
well  acted. 

Nov.  16.  An  operatic  drama,  entitled 
The  Jcu<4i,  was  produced.  The  scene  is 
laid  in  the  city  of  Constance,  in  the  early 
part  of  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the 
celebrated  Cardinal  de  Brogny  was  presi- 
dent of  the  council,  and  when  the  Jewish 
nation  was  subject  to  violent  persecu- 
tion. The  piece  was  received  with  great 
enthusiasm;  and  the  scenery,  by  Messrs. 
Grieve,  as  well  as  the  general  machinery 
and  dresses,  reflected  great  credit  on  the 
establishment. 

MOVENT  GARDLN. 

Oct.  19.    This  theutre  opened  under 


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Theatrical  Register.— Promotions,  <$c 


64j 


an  entirely  new  management,  and  with 
greatly  reduced  prices  of  admission.  Mr. 
Osbaldiston,  formerly  of  the  Surrey, 
has  become  the  leasee.  Mr.  Charles 
Kenible  graced  these  boards  for  the  first 
few  nights,  and  gave  bis  deeply  studied 
and  well-known  conceptions  of  the  Ham* 
let,  Macbeth,  and  Benedict,  of  nature's 
Bard. 

Oct.  28.  Paul  Clifford  was  produced,  a 
musical  drama  (taken  from  Mr.  Bulwer's 
novel  of  that  name)  by  Mr.  FitzbalL  It 


is  unworthy  Covent  Garden  theatre  (aa  it 

used  to  be),  but  in  its  present  state  may 
serve  to  please  some  little  time. 

Jonathan  Bradford,  by  the  same  au- 
thor, with  the  original  cast  as  first  pro- 
duced at  tbe  Surrey,  has  been  presented 
here,  the  leuee  himself  taking  the  leading 
character. 

Aov.  24.  A  dramatic  version  of  the 
novel,  The  Inheritance,  was  produced.  It 
had  some  good  parts  to  recommend  it ;  but 
on  the  whole  it  was  rather  coldly  received. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Promotions. 

Oct.  10.  Eli*.  Archer,  of  Ovington  Lodge, 
Northumberland,  spinster,  to  take  the  surname 
of  Hind,  in  addition  to  that  of  Archer,  in 
compliance  with  the  request  of  her  late  ma- 
ternal aunt  Margaret  Hind,  spinster. 

Oct.  23.  Wm.  Thos.  Lear,  of  Teignmouth, 
Devon,  esq.  only  son  and  heir  of  Wm.  Chol- 
wich  Lear,  esq.  in  compliance  with  the  will  of 
Mrs.  Grace  Cholwich,  of  Bath,  to  take  the 
surname  and  bear  the  arms  of  Cholwich. 

42d  Foot,  Major  W.  Middleton  to  be  Lieut.- 
Col.  and  Capt.  J.  Macdougall,  to  be  Maj  or- 
ead Foot,  brevet  Ueut.-Col.  G.  Hillier  to  be 
Ucut.-CoL  ;  and  brevet  Major  G.  Marshall  to 
be  Major. 

Oct.  28.  Sir  Bdw.  Cromwell  Disbrowe  to  lie 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  King  of  the 
Netherlands.—  The  Hon.  John  Duncan  Bligh 
to  be  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  King  of 
Sweden  ami  Norway.— John  Ralph  Milbanke, 
esq.  to  be  Secretary  to  his  Majesty's  Embassy 
»t  St.  Petersburg.— The  Hon.  F.  G.  Molyneux 
to  be  Secretary  to  his  Majesty's  Legation  at 
Frankfort. 

A'o».  4.  Robert  Black  more,  esq.  one  of  his 
Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms. 

Noc.  8.  62d  Foot,  brevet  Lietit.-Col.  Lewis 
Watson  to  be  Major. — 82d  Foot,  Major  George 
Marshall  to  be  Major. 

A*or.  7.  Knighted,  Wm.  Norris,  esq.  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ceylon. 

.Vor.  13.  31st  Foot,  Lieut-Col.  Donald 
M'Donald,  to  be  Ueut.-Co!.— 40th  Foot,  Capt. 
George  Hibbert  to  be  Major.— «2d  Foot,  Capt. 
Arthur  Mair  to  be  Major. 

iVor.  17.  Eliz.  Courtenay,  spinster  ;  Cathe- 
rine, wife  of  Kdw.  Berens,  clerk ;  Frances 
Charlotte,  wife  of  Kdw.  Bouverie,  clerk  ;  and 
Thos.  Peregrine  Courtenay,  esq.  one  of  the 
Most  Hon.  Privy  Council,  the  only  surviving 
younger  children  of  the  late  Henry  Reginald 
Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter,  henceforth  to  have  the 
same  titles  and  precedence  as  if  their  late 
father  had  survived  William  Vise.  Courtenay 
and  Earl  of  Devon,  and  had  succeeded  to  the 
said  title  and  dignity  of  Earl  of  Devon. 

Xaval  Promotions.— Capt.  F.  W.  Beechey  to 
the  Sulphur  steam  vessel ;  Comm.  W.  H.  H. 
Carew  to  the  Harrier  18,  Lieut.  W.  W.  P. 
Johnson  to  be  Commander. 

Ecclesiastical  Prfferments. 

Rev.  E.  G.  Bayly,  St.  Andrew's  R.  Hertford. 

Rev.  M.  G.  Booty,  Warkworth  P.C.  co.  North- 
umberland. .     _  % 

Rev.  James  Boys,  (vicar  of  Crnnbrook,)  St. 
Mary's  R.  Romney  Marsh. 

Rev.  E.  Churton,  Cncke  R.  co.  York. 


Rev.  C.  Drag e,  Westerfield  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  H.  T.  Ellicombe,  Bitton  V.  co.  Glouc. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Furnass,  St.  Matthew's  V.  Dinning- 

ton.  co.  Northumberland. 
Rev.  T.  Greene,  Fuunodeston  R,  Norfolk. 
Rev.  M.  Hales,  Ross-Inver  R.  co.  Donegal. 
Rev.  H.  B.  Hall,  Risley  and  Breaston  P.C.  co. 

Derby. 

Rev.  D.  Harding.  Barton  V.  co.  Cambridge. 
Rev.  T.  Harvey,  jun.  Cowden  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  A.  Hill,  Stad  P.C.co.  Gloucester. 
Rev.  W.  Howarth,  Whitton  cum  Thurlton  R. 
Suffolk. 

Rev.  W.  Jameson,  Rainow  P.C.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  H.  Leard,  Boho  R.  co.  Fermanagh. 
Rev.  W.  Leach,  Egremont  R.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  E.  Morns  Leigh,  Goldhanger  R.  with 

Little  Totham,  Essex. 
Rev.  W.  Leigh,  Pulham  H.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  M.  H.  Lloyd,  Nonington  cum  Womens- 

would  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  W.  Macleod,  Biscaythorpe  R.  co.  Lincoln. 
Rev.  A.  M'Creight,  Anna  or  Belturbet  K.  and 

V.  co.  Cavan. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Money,  Stcrnfield,  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  —  Mullins,  Killorglin  R.  co.  Kerry. 
Rev.  —  Neale,  Adlingfleet  V.  co.  York. 
Rev.  S.  Payne,  Biggin  Blanchland  P.C.  CO. 

Northumberland. 
Rev.  S.  Payne,  Hurstanworth  P.C.  co.  Durh. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Pring,  Headington  R.  Qxon. 
Rev.  S.  Rees,  Horsey  V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  Skinner,  Sweffling  St.  Mary  R.  Suffolk. 
Rev  —  Thompson,  Morresby  R.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  T.  D.  West,  Rushmere  V.  with  Playford 

P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  G.  Whitefoord,  Newton  V.  co.  Cambridge. 
Rev.  R.  Wilmot,  Youlgrave  V.  co.  Derby. 
Rev.  8.  R.  Cattley,  Cliap.  to  Lord  Scarborough. 
Rev.  E.  Penny,  Chap,  to  Viscount  Boyne. 


Civil  Preferment. 

Rev.  J.  N.  Walsh,  Head  Master  of 
School,  co.  Hereford. 


BIRTHS. 

Oct.  27.  At  Vienna,  the  Archduchess  Sophia, 
consort  of  the  Archduke  Francis  Charles,  a  dau. 

 14.  At  Wortley  Hall,  the  Hon.  Lady  Georgi- 

ana  Stuart  Wortley,  a  dau.  19.  The  wife  of 

G.  Morgan,  esq.  of  Biddlesden  Park,  a  son.  

24.  At  East  Hendred,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 

Edw.  Hussey,  a  dau.  26.  The  wife  of  Arthur 

Jones,  esq.  of  the  House  of  Commons,  a  dau. 

 27.  At  Spencer  House,  London,  the  wife  of 

the  Hon.  Captain  Spencer,  R.N.  a  son.  28. 

At  Wimbledon,  the  wife  of  Edw.  Holroyd,  esq. 
Commissioner  of  the  Bankruptcy  Court,  a  son. 


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646 


Birlhs  and  Marriages. 


 28.  At  Coraton  Vicarage,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  J.  Morgan,  a  dau.  29.  At  Durham, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  M.  II.  G.  Buckle,  a  son. 

Lately.  At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
A.  W.  Chat  field,  vicar  of  Stotfold,  Beds,  a  son. 

 At  Bolney  Lodge,  Sussex,  the  wife  of  the 

Rev.  Anthony  Chester,  adau.  At  Cliarlotte- 

square,  Edinburgh,  Hie  Hon.  Mrs.  Hollo,  a 

son.  At  Paris,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Kenelm 

H.  Digbj,  of  Christ  Church.  Oxford,  a  dau. 
Nov.  2.    At  Yealmton,  the  wife  of  Major 

Northcote,  a  dau.  3.  The  wife  of  T.  Pardoe 

Purton,  esq.  of  Faintree,  Salon,  a  son.  

4.  At  Harewood  House,  lady  Caroline  Las- 
celles,  a  dau.  The  Countess  of  Winter- 
ton,  a  dau.  7.  At  Stockton  rectory,  Wor- 
cestershire, the  wife  of  the  Rev.  \V.  f .  Ray- 
mond, a  dau.  The  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  A. 

Gower,  of  Wooley,  Berks,  a  dau.  8.  At 

Claphani-eommon*  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  F. 

Borradaile,  a  son.  13.    In  Curzon-street, 

the  Lady  Ernest  Brudenell  Bruce,  a  dau.  

14.  At  Wembley-park,  Middlesex,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  J.  K.  Cray,  adau.  15.  In  Baker- 
street,  the  Baroness  Mono>rvo,  a  son.  18. 

At  the  Hurh  hou>e,  Cnmpsey  Ash,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  R.  Wilson,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

Srpt.  3.  At  Southampton,  William  Ben- 
tham,  esq.  of  Upper  Cower  street,  and  Lin- 
coln's Inn,  barrister-at-!aw,  F.S.A.  and  F.L.S. 
to  Mary  Ann.  second  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas 
Croft,  esq.  of  Maxwell  lodge,  Hants. 

Oct.  15.  At  Bath  Abbey,  Thomas,  eldest 
son  of  T.  M.  Cruttwcll,  of  Perry  mead,  esq.  to 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  lnte  Thomas  Wil- 
son, of  Islington,  esq.  10.  At  Boulogne,  W. 

Marsden  Wetenhall,  esq.  Capt.  10th  Inf.  to 
Kmily  Geonriana,  dau.  or  (apt.  the  Hon.  John 
Rodney,  R.N.  At  Perth,  Deputy  Commis- 
sary-pen. W.  Booth,  to  Kli/.a,  only  dau.  of  Sir 

J.  Bisset.  20.  At  Crinock,  the  Rev.  Gusta- 

vus  L.  Hamilton  (of  Great  Berries,  co.  Ros- 
common, Ireland)  Vicar  of  Carew,  Pembroke- 
shire, to  Kmily,  only  child  of  John  O'Donncll, 

esq.  barristcr'-at-law.  21.  At  Manchester, 

Edw.  Bellasis,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Eliza 
Jane,  only  dau.  of  W.  Garnett,  esq.  of  Lark- 
hill,  Salford.  22.  At  Chelmsford,  H.  Me- 

thold,  esq.  to  Sophia  Jane,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Geo.  Porter,  esq.  of  Weald  Side  I^odge, 
Essex,  and  niece  to  the  I.ord  Chief  Justice  of 

the  Common  Pleas.  At  New  Radnor,  the 

Rev.  N.  C.  Strickland,  vicar  of  Brighton,  son 
of  the  late  Sir  W.  Strickland,  Bart,  to  Char- 
lotte Danvcrs,  dau.  of  S.  H.  Teush  Heckcr, 

esq.  At  Charlewood,  Surrey,  the  Rev.  T. 

Burninifham,  to  Mary  Juliana,  only  dau.  of 

the  Rev.  S.  Porten.  At  Maidstone,  the  Rev. 

W.  Thonie,  vicar  of  Chettisham,  to  Harriet, 
dau.  of  tlie  late  W.  Browne,  esq.  of  Newark. 

 23.  At  Ferry  Fryston,  Yorksh.  the  Rev.  II. 

Linton,  vicar  of  Diddinfcton,  Hunts,  to  Char- 
lotte, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Richardson, 

Rector  of  Ferry  Frystou.  24.   At  St.  Mary- 

lebone  Church,  the  Hon.  Chas.  Lennox  Butler, 
youturest  son  of  Lord  Dunboyne,  to  Eliza,  only 
child  and  sole  heiress  of  Thos.  Lindsey  Hol- 
land, esq.  of  Cornwall-terrace,  Regent's-park. 

 At  Rattersea,  J.  Bevan,  esq.  Secretary  to 

the  Irish  Poor  Commission,  Dublin,  to  I  <  h'tia, 
eldest  dau.  of  J.  C.  Constable,  esq.  of  Oak- 
house.  27.  At  Stiffkev,  the  Rev.  J.  Curteis, 

Rector  of  Shelton  anil  Hard  wick,  to  Sarah 
Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  J.  G.  Bloom,  esq.  of 
Wells.  Norfolk.  2<J.  The  Rev.  Sir  H.  Thomp- 
son, llart.  to  Kmily  Frances  Anne,  dau.  of  the 
late  R.  Leeke,  esq.  of  Landlord  Hall,  Salop, 

 At  Flloijan,  Cornwall,  the  Rev.  W.  Biscoe. 

Rector  of  Donninpton,  Herefordshire,  to  Caro- 
line Treweeke,  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Wool- 


ridtre,  R.N.  At  Patshall,  co.  Staff.  George, 

third  son  of  the  late  F.  Holy  oak,  esq.  of  Trt- 
tenhall,  to  Laura  Millicent,  fourth  dau.  of  Sir 

Geo.  Pi|fott,  Bai  t.  30.  The  Rev.  T.  Norfolk 

Jackson,  to  Sarah  Kilvinsrton,  eldest  dau.  of  J. 
Barstow,  esq.  of  Temple  Thorpe. 

LnMy.  At  Kxeter,  B.  R,  Reed,  M.D.  to 
Emma  Maria  Frederick  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  S.  Paul  Paul,  vicar  of  Tetbury. 

Not:  4.  At  Saffron  Waldeu,  Essex,  ihfRev. 
R.  H.  Kinir,  to  Caroline,  dau.  of  T.  Smith, 

esq.  At  llamhle,  the  Rev.  Georsre  Rooke, 

vicar  of  Embleton,  Northumberland,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Rooke,  to 

Clara  Frances,  dau.  of  W.  Moffat,  esq.  At 

Claydon,  Bucks,  the  Rev.  W.  R.  Fremantle, 
Rector  of  Pilchcot,  third  son  of  the  late  \  ice- 
Admiral  Sir  Thos.  Fremantle,  to  Emily  Caro- 
line, second  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  II.  Cal- 
vert, Bart.  G.C.B.  5.  At  Southampton,  the 

Rev.  S.  F.  Pemberton,  to  Anne,  second  dan.  of 

T.  Cass  in,  esq.  of  Bristol.  At  St.  George's, 

Hnnover-sq.  Capt.  O.  St.  John,  frrandson  of 
the  late  Hon.  and  Yen  Rev.  St.  A.  St.  John, 
to  Helen,  relict  of  H.  A.  Nutt,  esq.  At  Pres- 
ton, J.  Smith  Schonswar,  esq.  of  the  Kind's 
Dragoon  Guards,  to  Sophia  Jane,  only  dan.  of 

G.  Garrow,  esq.  Senior  Judire  at  Trichinopolv, 

East  Indies.  At  Ticklull.  Edm.  L'Eslranjre, 

esq.  son  of  the  late  Col.  L'Estranc*,  of  Mov*- 
town,  Kinjr's  Countv,  to  Miss  Henrietta  S.  H. 

Lumley,  dau.  of  T.  Lumley  Sav  ile  esq.  At 

Hallierton,  Devon,  the  Rev.  Edw.  Hawkins,  of 
Churcham,  Gloucester,  to  Frances,  dan.  of 
Capt.  Twisden,  R.N.,  of  the  Rock,  Ilalberton. 

 7.  At  Hursthourne  Tan-ant,  Hants,  J.  W. 

Hale,  esq.  to  Lucy,  fifth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
W.  Easton,  Prebend  of  Swa  Uowcliffe,  Wilts. 

 At  Brussels,  Col.  William  Lyster,  to 

Sophia  Jane  Lateward  Croft,  widow  of  the  late 

Sir  T.  E.  Croft,  Bart.  9.  At  lloyton,  Wilts, 

Mnjor-Gen.  Sir  R.  Chapman,  Governor  of  the 
Bermudas,  to  Caroline,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  G. 

Pyke,  of  Baythorne  Park,  Essex.  At  St. 

James's,  Westniiuster,  Dr.  Aldis,  of  Old  Bur- 
lington-street, only  son  of  Sir  C.  Aldis,  to 
Emily  Arabella  Brome,  of  Upper  Seymour-sL 
Portman-sq.  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Brome. 

 10.  At  Baden,  Fred.  FitzaUan  Willinott, 

esq.  to  Julia  Francois,  dau.  of  Col.  B.  Trevors. 

 At  St.  Mary's,  Bryanston-square,  John, 

son  of  R.  Selbv,  esq.  of  Bryanston-street, 
nephew  of  the  fate  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  to 
Anna  Maria,  dau.  of  John  Searle,  esq.  of 

Gloucester-place.  At  St.  Mary's,  Islington, 

Cornelius,  elder  son  of  Cornelius  Paine  Paine, 
esq.  of  Highbury  place,  to  Caroline,  third  dau. 

of  Rob.  Heintz,  esq.  of  Canonbury-lane.  At 

Ham,  Surrey,  R.  Moorsom,  esq.  of  the  Scots 
FusUier  Guards,  to  Henrietta  Frances,  dau.  of 
Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  H.  Campbell.  11.  At  Christ- 
church,  H.  Dease,  esq.  nephew  of  the  Earl  of 
Fingall,  to  Frances  Maria,  only  child  of  the  late 

T.  Retries,  esq.  of  Madras.  12.  Rev.  B. 

Banning,  incuml>ent  of  Croft,  Lancaster,  to 
Helen  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of.  H.  C.  Larev,  esq. 

of  Kenyon-house.  At  Woolwich,  Donatus 

O'Brien,  esq.  Royal  Staff  Corps,  to  Eliz.  only 

dau.  of  Col.   M 'Cleverly.  lfi.  At  Upper 

Hardes,  near  Canterbury,  H.  Benson,  cmj.  of 
Alwrystwith,  to  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Edwin 

H.  Sandys,  esq.  of  Kinirston,  in  Kent.  17. 

At  St.Gi orVs,  Bloomsbiiry,  J  •  Scholefiefcl.  esq. 
M.P.  of  Edjrbnston-prove,  near  Birmingham, 
to  Mary  Ann,  dau.  of  the  late  T.  K  ose  Swainf, 
esq-  At  Acklam,  the  Rev.  T.  Watkin  Rich- 
ards, fourth  son  of  the  late  Rijht  Hon.  Sir  R 
Richards,  Lord  Chief  Baron,  to  Evereld  Catha- 
rine, only  dau.  of  the  late  Win.  Hustler,  esq. 

 18.  At  St.  Georjre's,  Hanover-sq.  Capt.  J. 

Sydney  Doyle,  second  son  of  Major-Gen.  Sir 


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1835.] 


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OBITUARY. 


The  Countess  of  Antrim. 

Oct.  26.  At  Holmwood,  near  Henley, 
aged  58,  the  Right  Hon.  Charlotte  Mac- 
dnnncl  Kerr,  Countess  of  Antrim,  and 
Viscountess  Dunluce,  in  the  peerage  of 
Ireland  <  1785). 

Her  Ladyship  was  born  Aug.  12, 1779, 
the  younger  daughter  of  Randal- William 
Marquis  and  sixth  Earl  of  Antrim,  by  the 
Hon.  Letitia  Morrcs,  daughter  of  Hervey 
first  Viscount  Mountmorres,  and  widow 
of  the  Hon.  Arthur  Trevor  (by  whom 
the  was  mother  of  the  present  Viscount 
Dungannon). 

She  was  married,  July  18,  1799,  to 
Lord  Mark  Robert  Kerr,  third  son  of 
WiHiam-Jobn  fifth  Marquis  of  Lothian, 
and  brother  to  the  present  Marquis.  His 
Lordship,  who  is  now  a  Rear- Admiral, 
survives  her. 

Her  Ladyship  had  succeeded  to  the 
peerage  only  sixteen  months,  on  the  death 
of  her  elder  sister,  June  30,  1831  (see 
our  vol.  II.  p.  426). 

By  Lord  Mark  Kerr  her  Ladyship  had 
issue  seven  sons  and  five  daughters : 
1.  Letitia- Elizabeth,  who  died  in  1819, 
aged  19;    2.  Sidney,  who  died  young; 

3.  William,  who  died  in  1819,  aged  17; 

4.  Mark,   who  died  young;    5  Lady 
Georgiana- Anne- Emily,  married  in  1825 
to  the  lion,  and  Rev.  Frederick  Bertie, 
brother  to  the  Earl  of  Abingdon  ;  6.  Lady 
Caroline- Alary,  married  in  1820  to  the 
Rev.  Horace  Robert  Pechell,  Chancel- 
lor of  Brecon,  cousin- german  to  Sir  S. 
J.  Pechell,  Burt,  and  brother-in-law  to 
Dr.  Jenkinson,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  and 
has  issue ;  7.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Schomberg 
Viscount  Dunluce,  who  died  in  his  25th 
year  July  28,  1 83+,  four  weeks  after  he 
had  succeeded  to  that  title;   8.  Lady 
Charlotte  Elizabeth;  9.  the  Riyht  Hon. 
Hugh- Seymour  now  Earl  of  Antrim, 
born  in  1812,  Lieut,  in  the  7th  fnsileers; 
10.  the  Hon.  Mark:    Jl.  Lady  Fanny; 
and  12.  the  Hon.  Arthur  Schomberg,  born 
in  1820. 


Eaul  Nki.sov. 

Xov.  1.  At  Brick  worth-house,  near 
Salisbury,  in  his  50th  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  Thomas  Nelson,  second  Earl  Nel- 
son, and  Viscount  Merton  of  Trafalgar,  and 
ofMerton.co.  Surrey  (1805),  third  Baron 
Nelson  of  the  Nile,  and  of  Hiliborough 
co.  Norfolk  (1801). 

His  Lordship  was  born  July  7,  1780, 
the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Bolton, 
esq.  sometime  of  Cramvich  and  afterward 


of  Wells,  co.  Norfolk  (who  died  in  1834* 
a;t.  81),  by  Susannah  the  eldest  child  of 
the  Rev.  Edmund  Nelson,  Rector  of 
Burnbam  Thorpe  and  Hiliborough,  Nor. 
folk,  and  sister  to  the  hero  of  the  Nile 
and  Trafalgar.    He  was  educated  at  the 
High  School  of  Norwich,  under  Dr. 
Foster ;  thence  went  to  a  private  tutor, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Haggitt,  of  Byrleet;  and 
afterwards  to  St.  Peter's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.  A.  1811  ; 
M.A.  1814.     He  was  Sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Wilts  last  year ;  and  succeeded 
to  the  peerage  on  the  28th  of  February 
last,  on  the  death  of  his  uncle  the  first 
Earl,  pursuant  to  the  special  remainders 
extending  the  dignities  to  the  male  issue 
of  the  hero's  two  sisters.    ( See  a  memoir 
of  the  late  reverend  Earl  in  our  May 
number,  p.  541.)    On  succeeding  to  the 
title,  his  Lordship  assumed  for  himself 
and  his  issue  the  name  of  Nelson,  in  pur. 
suance  of  an  act  of  Parliament  passed  in 
1806.    He  was  an  amiable  and  domestic 
character,  fond  of  n  country  life,  and  not 
ambitious  to  interfere  in  public  affairs. 

Earl  Nelson  married  Frances- Eliza- 
beth, only  daughter  and  heiress  of  John 
Maurice  Eyre,  of  Landford,  Wilts,  esq. 
and  the  representative  of  a  branch  of  that 
ancient  family,  whose  direct  ancestor 
Giles  Eyre,  esq.  was  Sheriff  of  Wilts  in 
1612,  and  whose  house  at  Brick  worth  was 
plundered  in  the  Civil  War  by  the  King's 
forces.    By  that  ladv,  who  survives  him, 
he  has  left  issue  four  sons  and  two 
daughters:  1.  the  Right  Hon.  Horatio, 
now  Earl  Nelson,  born  in  1823;  2.  the 
Hon.  John  Horatio,  born  1825;  3.  the 
Hon.  Frances- Catharine;   4.  the  Hon. 
Susannah ;  5.  the  Hon.  Maurice- Horatio, 
born  18^2;  and  6.  the  Hon.  Edward- 
Foyle,  born  in  1833. 

His  Lordship's  funeral  took  place  on 
the  9th  Nov.  in  the  Chanel  at  Trafalgar, 
attended  by  his  sons.  The  service  wa9 
performed  by  the  llev.  G.  F.  Everett. 

The  pension  of  5,000/.  lias  not  expired 
(as  stated  in  the  newspapers)  but  is  per- 
manently annexed  to  the  Earldom. 

It  is  a  remarkable  circumstance,  noticed 
by  Mr.  Mateham(the  cousin  of  the  late 
Earl)  in  his  History  of  the  Hundred  of 
Downton  just  published,  that  the  Coun- 
tess Nelson  is  descended  from  the  Bock- 
lands,  the  ancient  possessors  of  Stan- 
lynch,  the  estate  purchased  for  the  family 
by  the  nation,  and  now  called  Trafalgar ; 
and  thus  in  the  present  youthful  Earl, 
the  property  has  devolved  again  to  the 
blood  of  its  former  owners. 


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I 


G48 


Obituary.— Earl  of  Charleville.— Lord  Grty  of  Groby.  [Dec. 


Earl  or  Charleville. 
Oct.  31.  At  bis  lodgings  in  Dover, 
Aged  71,  the  Right  Hon.  Charles. Wil- 
liam Bury,  Earl  of  Cbarleville  (1806), 
Viscount  Cbarleville  (1800;,  and  Baron 
Tullumore,  of  Cbarleville  Forest,  King's 
County  (1797);  a  Representative  Peer 
of  Ireland,  M.R.I.A.,  F.  R.  S.,  and 
F.S.A. 

He  was  born  June  30,  1764s  the  only 
cbild  of  John  Bury,  esq.  by  Catharine, 
second  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Francis 
Sadlier,  of  Sop  well- Hall,  co.  Tippcrary, 
esq.  afterwards  the  wife  of  Henry  Lord 
Dunalley,  and  by  bim  the  mother  of  the 
present  Lord  Dunalley  and  a  numerous 
family. 

Mr.  Bury,  father  of  the  Earl  of  Charle- 
ville,  was  the  eldest  son  of  William 
Bury,  of  Shannon,  esq.  by  the  Hon.  Jane 
Moore,  only  daughter  of  John  first  Lord 
Tullumore  (1715),  and  sister  and  heiress 
to  Charles  Earl  of  Cbarleville  (1758), 
who  died  without  issue  in  1764. 

The  title  of  Tullamore  was  revived  in 
the  person  of  the  peer  now  deceased,  by 
patent  dated  Nov.  7,  1797,  and  he  was 
advanced  to  the  dignity  of  Viscount 
Cbarleville,  by  patent  dated  Dec.  29, 1800. 
He  was  elected  one  of  the  twenty- eight 
Representative  Peers  for  Ireland,  on  the 
first  vacancy  that  occurred  after  the  Union, 
by  the  death  of  Lord  Rossmore  in  August 
1801 ;  and  was  advanced  to  tbe  Earldom 
of  Charleville  by  patent  dated  Feb.  16, 
1806. 

During  the  Rebellion  in  Ireland  in 
1799,  bis  Lordship  took  an  active  part  in 
its  suppression.  He  commanded  the 
Tullamore  troop  of  cavalry,  and  two  com- 
panies of  infantry. 

His  beautiful  scat  at  Charleville  Forest, 
King's  county,  was  consumed  by  fire  in 
1 808 ;  and  he  afterwards  erected  a  spa- 
cious mansion,  in  the  castellated  style, 
from  the  designs  of  Francis  Johnston, 
esq.  The  surrounding  plantations  are 
remarkably  fine,  and  an  artificial  lake  has 
been  formed  witb  tbe  waters  of  the  river 
Clodah. 

His  Lordship  was  a  classical  scholar 
and  an  elegant  writer,  and  wrote  many 
learned  papers  on  various  subjects.  He 
was  held  in  high  estimation  among  the 
literary  and  scientific  men  of  Dublin,  and 
for  some  years  was  President  of  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy.  He  was  eminently  dis- 
tinguished for  his  high  honour  and  un- 
flinching integrity;  and,  following  the 
example  of  bis  ancestors  for  many  genera- 
tions, was  a  staunch  supporter  of  the 
Protestant  cause.  In  social  life  he  was 
sincerely  beloved,  and  his  relatives,  friends, 
and  servants  individually  mourn  him  as  a 
parent. 

11 


His  Lordship  bad  been  in  a  declining 
state  for  some  time,  and  died  suddenly 
when  sitting  on  a  sofa,  as  dinner  was  serv- 
ing. His  body  was  embarked  in  a  steamer 
for  Dublin  on  tbe  13th  Nov.  Its  removal 
from  tbe  house  at  Dover  was  attended  by 
tbe  present  Earl  of  Cbarleville,  as  chief 
mourner;  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Lord 
Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports ;  Lord  F. 
Somerset,  the  Eari  of  Guilford,  tbe 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Dover  Castle, 
Lady  Pulteney,  Mr.  Fector,  M.P.,  tbe 
Mayor,  Sir  J.  Bridges,  Capt.  Boxer,  and 
many  of  the  most  respectable  inhabitants 
of  the  town.  On  its  arrival  at  Dublin  it 
was  conveyed  to  tbe  family  vault  at 
Cbarleville,  where  his  Lordship  some  years 
ago  erected  tbe  church  for  tbe  use  of  his 
tenantry  and  neighbours. 

The  Earl  of  Cbarleville  married  June 
4,  1798,  Catharine-Maria,  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Thomas  Townley  Dawson, 
esq.  and  widow  of  James  Tisdall,  esq. 
and  by  her  ladyship,  who  survives  him,  he 
had  his  only  son  and  heir.  Charles- Wil- 
liam now  Larl  of  Cbarleville,  late  one  of 
tbe  Lords  of  the  Bedchamber,  and  M.P. 
for  Carlow  and  for  Penryn.  His  Lord- 
ship married  in  1821  fteuujolais  -  Har- 
riet -  Charlotte,  third  daughter  of  tbe 
late  Col.  John  and  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell,  and  niece  to  the  present  Duke 
of  Argyle,  by  whom  be  has  two  sons  and 
one  daughter. 


Lobd  Grey  of  Groby. 

Oct.  24.  At  Dunham  Massey,  Cheshire, 
aged  33,  the  Right  Hon.  George-  Harry 
Grey,  Lord  Grey  of  Groby  (1603), 
Colonel  of  the  King's  Cheshire  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry,  F.L.S.  and  F.H.S. 

He  was  born  April  5,  1802,  tbe  elder 
son  of  George- Harry  tbe  sixth  and  pre- 
sent Earl  ot  Stamford  and  Warrington, 
by  Lady  Henrietta- Charlotte- Elizabeth 
Chartens,  eldest  daughter  of  Francis  late 
Lord  Elcbo  (son  of  the  fifth  Earl  of 
Wemyss  and  March). 

We  believe  he  never  sat  in  the  House 
of  Commons;  but  in  Dec.  1832  be  was 
summoned  to  the  House  of  Peers  in  his 
father's  barony  of  Grey  at  the  same  time 
with  the  Marquis  of  Tavistock  and  Earl 
of  Uxbridge,  and  the  present  Earl  of 
Derby. 

He  married  Dec.  20,  1824,  his  cousin- 
german  Lady  Katharine  Cbarteris,  fourth 
daughter  of  Francis  present  Earl  of 
Wemyss  and  March :  and  by  her  Lady- 
ship, who  survives  him,  had  issue  one  son 
and  one  daughter :  1.  the  Hon.  Margaret- 
Henrietta -Maria;  and  2.  tbe  Right  Hon. 
George- Harry  now  Lord  Grey  of  Groby, 
born  in  1827. 


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1835.]  Obituary.— Adm.  Sir  C  Tyler,  G.C.B.-U^Ctu.  Cope*  649 


Aom.  Sir  C.  Tiler,  G.C.B. 
Stpt.  28-  At  Beaufort-buildings,  near 
Gloucester  (whitber  be  had  gone  for  me- 
dical advice  ),  aged  75,  Sir  Charlea  Tyler, 
G.C.B.  Admiral  of  the  White,  of  Co- 
tbel,  co.  Glamorgan. 

This  veteran  officer  (the  third  sou  of 
Capt.  Peter  Tyler,  of  the  52d  foot,  who 
died  1763,  by  Anne  daughter  of  Henry 
eighth  Lord  Teynhara,  and  his  third  wife 
Anne  Baroness  DacreJ  was  made  Com. 
mandcr  previous  to  the  termination  of 
the  war  with  America,  and  appointed  to 
the  Queen,  armed  ship,  of  20  guns.  He 
afterward* commanded  the  Trimmersloop, 
stationed  at  Milford  for  the  suppression 
of  smuggling.  His  post  commission  bore 
date  Sept.  21,  1790. 

Early  in  1793,  on  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war  with  France,  he  obtained  the 
command  of  the  Meleager  32.  He  served 
in  that  ship  at  Toulon,  and  Mt  the  reduc- 
tion of  Corsica,  where  his  services  w  ere 
so  conspicuous,  that,  when  La  Minerve, 
a  prize  frigate  of  40  guns,  that  had  been 
sunk,  w  as,  chiefly  by  his  exertions,  weigh- 
ed  again,  the  command  of  her  was  assign- 
ed to  him.    She  took  the  name  of  the 
St.  Fiorcnzo,  from  the  town  and  fortress 
so  called.    This  occurred  about  March 
1794 ;  and  in  the  autumn  of  the  same 
year,  Capt.  Tyler  was  removed  into  the 
1'iadem  6^  forming  one  of  Vice- Adm. 
Hotham's  tleet,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
partial  action  of  March  U,  1795.  He 
was  next  intrusted  with  the  command  of 
a  small  squadron  stationed  in  the  Adria- 
tic; and  subsequently  employed  under 
the  orders  of  Commodore  Nelson,  on  the 
coast  of  Italy,    in  17UC  he  was  appointed 
to  l'Aigle  frigate,  in  which  he  cruised 
with  considerable  success,  and  captured 
several  of  the  enemy's  privateers;  but  in 
1798,  when  conveying  dispatches  to  Sir 
Horatio  Nelson,  be  was  wrecked  near 
Tunis,  and  had  to  sustain  many  severe 
privations  and  serious  hardships. 

On  returning  to  England,  (apt.  Tyler 
obtained  the  command  of  the  Warrior  74* 
and  served  with  the  Channel  fleet  until 
the  spring  of  1801;  when  he  accompanied 
Sir  Hyde  Parker  on  an  expedition  to  the 
Baltic.  He  continued  there  until  July; 
and  during  the  remainder  of  that  war  wus 
engaged  in  the  blockade  of  Cadiz. 

On  the  20th  Jan.  1802,  a  squadron,  con- 
sisting of  the  Warrior,  ttelloua,  Zealous, 
and  Defence,  under  the  orders  of  0<apL 
Tyler,  sailed  from  Gibraltar  for  the  West 
Indies,  to  watch  the  motions  of  au  arma- 
ment dispatched  thither  immediately  alter 
the  suspension  of  hostilities.  Capt.  Ty- 
ler anchored  at  Port  Royal,  Jamaica,  on 
the  15th  Feb.  and  returned  thence  to 
England  in  July  following. 

In  1803,  on  the  renewal  of  the  war, 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


Capt.  Tyler  was  appointed  to  the  super- 
intendence of  a  district  of  Sea  Fcneiblea, 
in  which  service  he  remained  until  ap- 
pointed, in  1805,  to  the  Tonnant  of  80 
guns.  This  ship  was  warmly  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Trafalgar,  having  20  meo 
killed,  and  50,  including  her  commander, 
wounded.  The  Santa  Anna,  of  102 
guns,  the  ship  of  the  Spanish  admiral, 
d  Aliva,  struck  to  the  Tonnant,  and  was 
taken  possession  of  by  a  Lieutenant  and 
GO  men  from  that  ship ;  but  during  the 
hurricane  which  followed,  the  English 
were  dishonourably  overpowered  by  the 
crew,  who  carried  them  prisoners  into 
Cadiz.  Capt.  Tyler  was  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  Rear-Admiral,  April  28,  1808, 
and  soon  after  hoisted  bis  flag  as  second 
in  command  at  Portsmouth. 

He  subsequently  served  under  Sir 
Charles  Cotton,  off  the  Tagus,  and  was 
present  at  the  surrender  of  the  Russian 
admiral  Seniavin,  Sept.  3,  1808,  the  first 
division  of  whose  fleet  he  escorted  from 
Lisbon  to  Spithead,  where  they  arrived 
on  the  6th  of  the  following  month. 

In  the  autumn  of  1812  Rear-Admiral 
Tyler  was  appointed  Coinmauder-in-chief 
at  the  Ope  of  Good  Hope,  where  be 
continued  for  three  years.  On  the  en- 
largement of  the  Order  of  the  Bath  he 
was  nominated  a  Knight  Commander, 
Jan.  2,  lbJ5,  and  he  was  advanced  to  the 
dignity  of  a  Grand  Cross,  Jan.  23,  1833. 
He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Vice- 
Admiral  in  1812,  and  to  that  of  full  Ad- 
miral in  1825. 

Sir  Charles  Tyler  was  twice  married, 
first  to  Anne  only  daughter  of  Charles 
Rice,  R.N.  who  died  1781;  and  secondly 
to  Margaret  daughter  of  Abraham  Leach, 
esq.  of  Pembroke.  The  latter  died  shortly 
before  him  (see  p.  445).  By  the  first 
lady  he  has  lef  t  an  only  son  Charles,  born 
15th  April,  1784-,  a  Commander  R.N. 
By  the  second  lady  two  sons,  George,  who 
in  1819  married  Miss  Sullivan;  Roper; 
and  four  daughters. 

Sir  Charles  bad  been  in  declining  health 
for  some  years.  His  loss  is  sincerely 
regretted  by  his  numerous  friends  and 
relations. 


Lt.-Gf.n.  E.  R.  Copk. 
Aug.  18.   Lieut.-  Gen.  Edmund  Reilly 
Cope. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  William  Cope, 
esq.  of  Dublin,  who  rendered  important 
services  to  his  country  by  communicating 
intelligence  to  Government  respecting 
the  Irish  Rebellion  of  1798. 

He  obtained  his  first  commission,  by 
purchase,  as  Ensign  in  the  OXith  foot,  Jan. 
19,  1784>;  and  having  joined  that  regiment 
iu  Ireland,  proceeded  with  it  to  the  West 
Indies,  where  he  was  statiom  d  for  some 

4-  O 


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650  Obituary.— Major-Gen.  Hepburn 


[Dec. 


years.  He  purchased  a  Lieutenancy  in 
J 787,  and  subsequently  a  Company  in  the 
4<h,  or  King's  Own.  With  that  regiment 
be  served  in  various  parts  of  Nova-Scotia 
and  Canada,  and  accompanied  it  on  an 
expedition  against  St.  Pierre  and  Mi- 
quelon. 

On  the  3d  Dec.  1794  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Majority  of  the  late  Rovul  Dublin 
regiment,  in  the  formation  of  which  he 
took  a  very  active  part.  He  was  after- 
wards Maior  of  tbe  Loyal  Irish  Feiicibles; 
and  on  the  1st  Jan.  1800  received  the 
brevet  of  Lieut- Colonel.  He  served 
with  the  corps  last  named  in  Jersey,  until 
1803;  when,  as  he  was  about  to  return 
home  from  a  visit  to  the  continent,  he 
was  detained  in  France  as  a  prisoner  of 
war. 

During  the  eleven  years  that  Col. 
Cope  remained  in  captivity  at  Verdun 
and  Valenciennes,  he  was  one  of  the  most 
active  members  of  the  Committee  for 
distributing  money  and  clothing  to  the 
prisoners;  and  he  received  a  communi- 
cation in  approval  of  his  benevolent  exer- 
tions from  his  Royal  Highness  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief. 

On  his  return  to  England  he  was  placed 
on  tbe  list  of  Major- Generals  June  4, 
1813;  and  be  attained  the  rank  of  Lieut.  - 
General  in  1825. 


Major- Gen.  Hkpburn,  C.B. 

Juue  7.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Major- 
General  Francis  Hepburn,  C.B. 

He  was  the  younger  sou  of  Col.  David 
Hepburn,  (the  younger  son  of  James 
Hepburn,  of  Brccarton  and  Keith  Mar- 
shall, who  spent  the  greater  part  of  his 
fortune  in  the  service  of  the  Stuarts,)  by 
Bertha  Graham,  of  the  family  of  Inch- 
brakic. 

In  1794,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  was 
appointed  to  an  Ensigncy  in  the  3d  foot 
guards.  In  17J/8  be  served  with  his  bat- 
talion in  the  Irish  rebellion  ;  and  in  1799 
he  accompanied  the  expedition  to  the 
Helder.  From  1802  to  1805  be  was  upon 
the  Home  Staff,  with  Gen.  Acland,  at 
Chelmsford;  and  in  1805  he  went  to 
Malta  with  Gen.  Mackenzie  Fniser  and 
Gen.  Ackland.  He  remained  there  with 
Gen.  Fox ;  and  thence  removed  to  Sicily, 
where  he  served  under  (Jen.  Sir  Edw. 
Paget.  At  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Maida,  he  was  confined  to  bed  with  fever 
and  opthalmia. 

In  1809  he  went  to  Cadiz,  where  he 
was  stationed  at  the  Islu  de  Leon.  In 
181 1  he  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Bar- 
rosa  as  Maior  of  his  battalion,  and  in  the 
charge  his  leg  was  severely  shattered  by  a 
musket  ball:  amputation  was  proposed, 
which  he  refused,  but  his  sufferings  iruin 
the  wound  were  so  severe,  that  he  was 


obliged  to  return  home,  nor  was  he  able 
to  rejoin  the  army  until  the  autumn  wf 
1812. 

He  was  then  appointed,  much  to  hi* 
satisfaction,  to  the  command  of  a  small 
corps  of  light  troops  or  sharp-shooters ; 
and  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Vittoria, 
Nivelle,  and  the  passage  of  tbe  Neve. 

In  1814  he  was  ordered  home  to  take 
tbe  command  of  tbe  battalion  of  the  3d 
guards  destined  for  tbe  expedition  to  tbe 
Netherlands,  where  he  remained  until 
the  Jurte  of  the  following  year,  and  then 
joined  the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  Brus- 
sels. He  was  present  in  the  action  of 
Quatrc-Bras  on  the  1 6th  of  that  month, 
was  also  engaged  on  the  1 7tb,  and  on  the 
18th  commanded  at  Waterloo  the  second 
battalion  of  the  3d  guards.  At  an  early 
period  of  tbe  action,  be  was  ordered  to 
the  important  post  of  Hougomont,  where, 
with  some  foreign  battalions  under  his 
orders,  he  effectually  defended  the  orchard 
and  wood,  whilst  Col.  Woodford  with 
the  Coldstream  regiment  occupied  the 
chateau.  The  importance  of  this  service, 
and  the  gallantry  with  which  it  was  exe- 
cuted, are  fully  shown  in  the  Duke  of 
Wellington's  despatch ;  but,  owing  to  an 
unfortunate  mistake,  the  name  of  Col. 
Hepburn  was  not  mentioned,  but  that  of 
Col.  Hume,  who  served  under  him,  and 
had  no  separate  command,  was  substi- 
tuted. This  mistake  was  afterwards  offi- 
cially, but  never  publicly  explained ;  and 
it  is  attributed  to  this  circumstance  that 
higher  honours,  which  he  had  so  hardly 
earned,  were  not  bestowed  on  this  officer. 
Besides  a  Companionship  of  the  order  of 
the  Bath,  he  received,  however,  the  4th 
class  of  the  order  of  Wilhelm  from  the 
King  of  the  Netherlands,  and  the  4th 
class  of  the  order  of  Wladimir  from  the 
Emperor  of  Russia. 

In  proof  of  Gen.  Hepburn's  devotion 
to  his  profession,  it  may  be  mentioned, 
that  during  tht  whole  of  "his  services  after 
he  rejoined  the  Peninsular  army  in  1812, 
his  wound  had  never  healed ;  exfoliations 
frequently  occurred,  and  it  was  not  until 
a  late  period  that  a  part  of  the  ball,  and 
a  portion  of  cloth  which  it  had  carried 
into  the  wound,  came  away.  From  the 
severity  of  these  sufferings,  aggravated  by 
a  tendency  to  gout,  his  health  was  gra- 
dually undermined,  and  his  constitution, 
which  was  naturally  robust,  sunk  under 
them.  He  died  deeply  lamented  by  all 
who  knew  his  high  and  generous  princi- 
ples, and  his  sterling  and  unassuming 
worth. 

Major- Gen.  Hepburn  married  in  1821 
Henrietta,  eldest  daughter  and  co-heiress 
of  Sir  Henry  Poole,  the  fifth  and  last 
Baronet,  of  Poole-hall,  Cheshire,  and  of 
Hooke,  in  Sussex,  by  which  lady,  who 


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1835.] 


Obituary.— Mr.  Serjeant  Sellon. 


survives  bim,  be  has  left  two  sons,  Henry- 
Poole  and  Francis- Robert,  and  one 
daughter. 


Mr.  Sprjeant  Scllok. 

Aug.  19.  At  Hampstead,  in  his  74th 
year,  Baker  John  Sellon,  esq.  B.C.L. 
Serjeant  at  Law. 

Mr.  Serjeant  Sellon  was  the  second 
son  of  tbe  Rev.  William  Sellon,  who 
during  a  period  of  thirty-three  years  was 
Curate  and  Minister  of  St.  James's, 
Clerkenwell ;  a  man  of  exemplary  virtue 
und  piety,  and  much  distinguished  as  an 
eloquent  and  orthodox  Divine.  He  died 
in  1790,  aged  60. 

His  son,  Baker  John  Sellon,  the  sub- 
ject of  the  present  memoir,  was  born  on 
the  14-th  March  1762,  was  admitted  into 
Merchant- Taylors'  School  2d  Nov.  1773, 
and  after  continuing  in  the  head  form 
only  four  years,  under  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Green,  was  elected  to  St. 
John's  College,  Oxford,  on  St.  Barna- 
bas's  Day  1779,  being  at  that  time  second 
Monitor.  From  his  attachment  to  the 
place  of  bis  education,  he  always  took  a 
lively  interest  in  its  welfare,  and  in  after 
life  was  fond  of  relating  the  circumstances 
of  his  progress  through  that  establishment. 
He  served  the  office  of  steward  of  the 
school  feast  when  a  very  young  man,  and 
was  for  many  years  a  constant  attendant 
at  that  gratifying  meeting.  The  only  aca- 
demical degree  he  took  at  Oxford  was 
that  of  Bachelor  of  Civil  Law,  to  which 
be  was  admitted  24th  Oct.  1785. 

He  had  from  an  early  period  been  des- 
tined by  bis  father  to  follow  the  legal 

Gfession,  though  there  appears  no  doubt, 
he  been  left  to  tbe  natural  bias  of 
his  own  feelings  and  turn  of  mind,  that 
be  would    have   greatly  preferred  the 
Church  ;  but  the  wish  and  advice  of  a 
parent  whom  he  fondly  loved  and  highly 
revered,  became  paramount  to  every  other 
consideration  in  determining  his  choice  j 
and  accordingly,  upon  his  quitting  Oxford, 
he  appears  to  have  seriously  entered  on 
the  study  of  the  Law.    The  10th  Feb. 
1792  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner 
Temple,  and,  after  practising  as  a  Bar- 
rister for  several  years  with  distinction, 
was  admitted  to  the  rank  of  Serjeant-at- 
Law  in  Easter  Term  1708,  and  became 
about  that  period  the  Leader  on  the  Nor- 
folk circuit.    For  many  years  however 
t*?fore  this  event  took  place,  he  had  been 
generally  regarded  as  an  eminent  Lawyer 
and  a  very  rising  character ;  not  only 
from  his  abilities  as  an  advocate,  but  also 
from  some  legal  works  which  he  pro- 
duced before  und  about  the  time  of  his 
Wing  called  to  the  Bar. 

In  the  year  1780  he  published  in  8vo. 


an  •  Analysis  of  the  Practice  of  the 
Courts  of  King's  Bench  and  Common 
Pleas;  with  some  observations  on  tbe 
mode  of  passing  fines  and  suffering  re- 
coveries;' and  in  1792 — 6,  a  second  edition 
in  2  vols.  8vo,  which  obtained  extensive 
circulation  in  the  profession,  and  is  gene, 
rally  regarded  as  a  standard  book.  But 
while  thus  steadily  advancing  on  the  road 
to  fortune  and  eminence,  his  legal  career 
was  suddenly  checked  and  eventually 
arrested  by  an  infirmity  as  severe  as  it 
was  unlooked  for.  While  attending  in 
one  of  the  courts  on  the  Norfolk  circuit, 
and  engaged  in  some  cause  of  importance, 
he  was  suddenly  and  permanently  de- 
prived of  hearing  in  his  right  ear;  and 
though  the  use  of  the  other  was  for  a 
time  left  him,  yet  that  also  was  subse- 
quently affected,  and  he  became  gradually 
reduced  towards  the  close  of  life  to  a 
state  of  comparative  deafness.  He  how- 
ever continued,  after  his  first  attack,  to 
struggle  on  in  his  career  for  some  years, 
when  his  remaining  ear  becoming  by  de- 
grees more  and  more  affected,  he  could 
no  longer  hear,  amid  the  hum  and  bustle 
of  a  crowded  court,  either  the  answers  of 
the  witnesses  or  the  arguments  of  counsel, 
and  for  some  time  before  he  quitted  the 
Bar,  he  was  actually  under  the  necessity 
of  having  recourse  to  an  interpreter  to 
report  the  proceedings  in  court.  Under 
these  unpleasant  circumstances,  the  task 
of  continuing  his  profession  must  have 
been  irksome  enough ;  but  a  higher  mo- 
tive, the  dread  of  not  being  able  to  do 
justice  to  his  clients,  at  length  induced 
him  altogether  to  relinquish  the  Bar. 
He  had  before  this  period,  and  probably 
about  the  time  of  the  first  attack  of  his 
infirmity,  been  offered  a  seat  on  the 
Bench  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  ; 
but  which  he  was  induced  to  decline  from 
the  same  honourable  motives  which  in- 
fluenced his  decision  on  his  subsequent 
abandonment  of  the  Law.  But  however 
he  might  feel  the  disqualifying  nature  of 
his  infirmity  in  so  far  as  regarded  the 
pursuit  of  the  higher  departments  of  tbe 
profession,  there  was  one  branch  of  it  in 
which  he  justly  thought  he  could  still  be 
useful  to  himself  and  to  society.  Tbe 
degree  of  deafness  which  obliged  him  to 
retire  from  the  extensive  arenas  of  the 
superior  Courts  of  Justice,  did  not  debar 
him  from  hearing  with  adequate  distinct- 
ness in  smaller  and  less  crowded  assem- 
blies, nor  from  the  pleasure  of  colloquial 
enjoyments.  Thus  situated,  with  a  fa- 
mily nearly  grown  up  and  with  little 
more  to  depend  upon  than  his  private 
fortune,  he  took  tbe  resolution,  unknown 
to  any  one,  of  writing  to  Lord  Sid- 
mouth  to  explain  the  nature  of  his  case, 


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G5'2  Obituary. — Mr. 

and  to  offer  bis  services  as  a  Police 
Magistrate.  This  proposal  was  received 
with  kindness  and  urbanity,  and  the  Ser- 
jeant, without  farther  solicitation  from 
any  quarter,  was  shortly  after  appointed 
by  his  lordship  Police  Magistrate  at 
Union  Hall,  whence  in  Jan.  1819  he  was 
transferred  to  Hatton- Garden  Office — a 
situation  he  continued  to  hold  till  his  re- 
tirement  from  the  magistracy  in  1831, 
after  a  twenty  years'  service. 

On  the  24th  Jan.  1788  the  Serjeant 
was  married,  at  a  somewhat  early  period 
of  life  and  before  be  was  called  to  the 
Bar,  to  Miss  Charlotte  Dickinson,  daugh- 
ter of  Rivers  Dickinson,  esq.  of  St. 
John  street,  Clerkenwell,  and  by  that 
lady,  who  died  at  Hampstead  July  20, 
1832,  had  issue,  besides  several  children 
who  died  in  infancy,  one  son,  the  Rev. 
John  Sellon,  who  died  at  Albany  in  the 
state  of  New  York,  March  2,  1830, 
and  three  daughters  ;  the  eldest  of  whom 
Charlotte,  remains  single ;  the  second, 
Maria-Ann,  married  Dec.  2,  1819,  to 
John-James  Halls,  esq.  of  Great  Marl- 
borough street,  has  issue  one  son;  and 
lastly  Anne,  married  May  21,  181 C,  to 
the  present  Sir  Benjamin  Collins  Brodie, 
Bart.,  Serjeant- Surgeon  to  the  King,  has 
issue  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

The  late  Serjeant  Sellon  was  a  man  of 
strong  natural  abilities,  sound  sense,  and 
of  a  most  benevolent  disposition— consti- 
tutionally perhaps  inclined  to  retirement 
and  indolence,  though  somewhat  corrected 
by  the  habits  of  industry  and  regularity 
enforced  by  the  discipline  of  a  public 
school,  as  well  as  by  the  strength  of  his 
own  understanding  and  the  arduous  nature 
of  the  profession  in  which  he  was  subse- 
quently engaged-  To  the  calls  of  ambi- 
tion, however,  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
word,  be  appears  to  have  been  rather  in- 
sensible, and  the  portion  of  it  which  may 
have  existed  in  his  character,  probably 
partook  more  of  the  generous  spirit  of 
emulation  than  of  a  ruling  and  permanent 
passion.  In  fact,  he  was  too  moderate 
and  kind-hearted  a  man  to  feel  very  anx- 
ious to  become  a  great  one ;  and  even  had 
he  been  left  to  the  bent  of  his  own  incli- 
nation for  the  Church,  it  may  be  doubted, 
in  a  worldly  point  of  view,  whether  he 
would  have  ariived  at  so  high  a  rank  as 
the  one  he  obtained  in  the  Law.  A  wor- 
thy, pious,  and  deeply-learned  divine  he 
assuredly  would  have  proved;  but  he 
would  probably  have  preferred  the  retired 
life  of  a  zealous  and  benevolent  country 
clergyman  before  all  the  attractions  of  a 
mitre.  His  early  predilection  for  theolo- 
gical pursuits  appears  at  one  period  to 
have  been  partially  suspended,  or  at  least 
somewhat  abated;  but  a  remarkable  change 


Serjeant  Sellon.  [Dec. 

took  possession  of  his  mind  towards  the 
middle  of  his  life,  when  the  pious  aspira- 
tions of  his  early  days  revisited  biro  with 
increased  fervour,  and  unceasingly  regu- 
lated his  whole  conduct  and  character,  till 
death  terminated  his  honourable  and  use- 
ful life.  He  studied  much  and  became 
deeply  versed  in  scriptural  history,  and  in 
the  works  of  the  most  celebrated  divines, 
and  has  left  behind  him  some  extensive 
original  manuscripts,  which  probably  will 
be  found  in  too  incomplete  a  state  to 
admit  of  publication. 

Although  his  religious  opinions  were 
of  a  very  grave  and  serious  description, 
yet  such  was  the  moderation  and  liberality 
of  his  disposition,  that  he  always  displayed 
great  mildness  and  candour  when  convers- 
ing with  those  whose  sentiments  on  these 
topics  differed  materially  from  his  own. 
It  is  true  indeed  that,  throughout  the 
greater  part  of  life,  he  was  occasionally 
subject  to  moments  of  gloom  and  despon- 
dency, which,  though  by  some  attributed 
to  the  decided  nature  of  his  religious  sen- 
timents, may  be  more  justly  ascribed  to  a 
species  of  constitutional  infirmity;  as 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  views  he  enter- 
tained, on  these  subjects,  formed  his  sole 
hope  and  consolation  amid  the  severe  trials 
and  bereavements  it  was  too  often  his  lot 
to  sustain ;  yet  when  the  clouds  of  melan- 
choly were  dispersed,  he  was  wont  to  ex- 
hibit great  cheerfulness  and  a  very  rich 
vein  of  original  humour.    Indeed  at  one 
period  of  his  life  he  associated  a  good  deal 
with  the  lively  characters  and  wits  of  the 
day ;  but  society  of  this  description  could 
not  long  attract  his  reflecting  mind,  and 
he  soon  steadily  withdrew  from  these  fas- 
cinating scenes,  to  that  privacy  and  seclu- 
sion which  formed  the  natural  element  of 
his  character.    In  spite,  however,  of  his 
love  of  ease  and  retirement,  it  must  be 
admitted  that,  in  most  other  respects,  he 
was  gifted  with  qualities  which  fully  justi- 
fied his  being  brought  up  to  the  legal  pro- 
fession :  strong  intellect,  great  sagacity, 
a  clear  and   discriminating  judgment, 
united  to  the  strictest  integrity  and  em- 
bellished by  candour  and  humanity;  all 
these  rare  endowments  were,   in  his 
instance,  so   beautifully  mingled,  that 
the  most  brilliant  result  might  have  been 
justly  anticipated.    But  these  flattering 
prospects  were  not  to  be  realized ;  the  in- 
firmity by  which  he  was  attacked  placed 
a  formidable  barrier  in  the  way  of  his 
advancement,  and,  perhaps  unknown  al- 
most to  himself,  furnished  him  with  a 
plausible  pretext  for  the  somewhat  pre- 
mature relinquishment  of  a  profession  to 
which  his  inclination  had   never  been 
warmly  devoted.     Although  he  had  in 
general  borne  the  appearance  of  a  bale 


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1835.]  Obituary  —Humphrey  Osbaldeston,  Esq. 


and  robust  mart,  he  had  nevertheless,  to 
those  who  knew  him  intimately,  been 
evidently  on  the  decline  for  the  last  year 
or  two  previously  to  his  decease.  He  was 
frequently  subject  to  attacks  of  giddiness 
and  fulness  in  the  head,  and  though  these 
unpleasant  symptoms  commonly  yielded 
to  bleeding,  yet  they  gradually  became 
more  violent  and  frequent :  for  some  time, 
however,  they  excited  no  immediate  alarm 
among  his  friends  and  relatives,  till  about 
four  months  after  his  resignation  of  the 
magistracy,  when  he  was  suddenly  seized 
by  a  paralytic  affection,  which  greatly  im- 
paired his  intellects  and  nearly  deprived 
him  of  the  use  of  one  side.    The  prompt 
and  decisive  measures  adopted  by  bis  me- 
cal  advisers  for  a  time  warded  off  the 
blow,  though  both  his  bodily  and  mental 
faculties  remained  in  a  very  precarious 
state.    In  the  meanwhile  it  was  thought 
that  the  air  of  Brighton  might  prove  of 
service  to  him,  and  he  accordingly  spent 
some  weeks  at  that  place,  though  without 
receiving  any  material  benefit,  when  he 
returned  to  bis  house  at  Hamnstead. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  there  a  blood  vessel 
ruptured  in  the  stomach,  which  dreadfully 
reduced  his  strength;  but  from  this  state 
he  once  more  rallied,  and  hopes  were 
ainiin  entertained  of  his  getting  over  the 
attack,  as  on  the  very  day  of  his  depar- 
ture he  had  been  amusing  himself  with 
his  grandchildren,  appeared  in  excellent 
spirits,  and  much  clearer  in  intellect  than 
usual;    but  these  flattering  symptoms 
proved  only  the  precursors  of  his  death. 
In  the  evening  of  the  above  day,  the  19th 
of  August,  1835,  he  was  seized  with  faint- 
ing and  a  terrible  sickness,  and  was  with 
difficulty  conveyed   to  his  chamber — a 
Wood  vessel  had  again  ruptured  and  all 
hope  was  now  at  an  end.    At  ten  o'clock 
the  fatal  sickness  returned  with  increased 
violence,  and  in  about  two  hours  after- 
wards, in  the  presence  of  bis  three  daugh- 
ter* and  of  Sir  Benjamin  Brodie,  this  ex- 
cellent man  and  sincere  Christian  resigned 
himself  with  calmness  and  composure  into 
the  hands  of  his  Creator,  in  the  full  con- 
fidence of  a  blessed  resurrection  through 
the  merits  of  his  Saviour. 

Some  days  previously  to  his  death,  when 
bis  family  was  assembled  around  him,  and 
be  was  thought  to  be  in  imminent  danger, 
he  addressed  some  of  the  elder  branches 
of  it,  with  much  eloquence  and  pathos, 
upon  religious  topics.  His  grandchildren 
were  then  led  to  his  bedside,  when  he  took 
a  final  and  affectionate  leave  of  them — 
exhorted  them  to  a  perseverance  in  the 
paths  of  virtue  and  ot  piety,  and,  as  they 
successively  bowed  their  heads  upon  his 
pillow,  pronounced  his  blessing  upon  ciich, 
May  that  blessing  dwell  upon  their  youtb- 


653 

ful  heads!  May  it  hover  round  there  in 
the  hour  of  temptation  and  of  danger;  and 
may  the  Almighty,  at  his  good  pleasure, 
finally  conduct  them  to  that  haven  of  rest 
where  tbey  may  eternally  repose  in  the 
"  bosom  of  their  Father  and  their  God!" 


Humphrey  Osbaldeston,  Esq. 

Sept.  20.  Aged  92,  Humphrey  Osbal- 
deston,  esq.  of  Gateforth  House,  near 
Selbv,  and  of  Hunmanby,  near  Scarbo- 
rough. 

The  paternal  name  of  this  venerable 
gentleman  was  Brookes.  His  great-grand- 
father, Sir  Richard  Osbalrlcston,  of  Hun- 
manby, Knt.  who  died  in  1728,  was  grand- 
son of  Sir  Richard  Osbaldeston,  Attor- 
ney-general in  Ireland,  and  descended 
from  the  Osbaldestons  of  Osbaldeston  in 
Lancashire.  He  had  five  sons :  four  of 
whom  lived  to  be  old  men,  but  all  died 
without  issue  The  second  was  Richard 
Osbaldeston,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don. The  eldest,  William  Osbaldeston, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Scarborough,  died  in  1765, 
aged  79 ;  and  was  succeeded  in  his  estates 
by  the  fourth  son,  Fountayne  Wentworth 
Osbaldeston,  esq.  then  the  only  surviving 
brother.  He  also  was  M.P.  for  Scarbo- 
rough ;  and,  dying  in  1770,  left  his  estates 
between  the  grandsons  of  his  two  sisters : 
Humphrey,  son  of  Brookes,  of  Bray- 
ton,  co.  York,  esq.  by  Anne,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Robert  Pockley,  esq.  of 
Broyton,  and  Theodosia  Osbaldeston ; 
and  George,  son  of  John  Wickens,  D.D. 
Rector  of  Petworth  in  Sussex,  by  Phila- 
delphia, daughter  of  Robert  Mitford,  of 
Mitford  castle,  Northumberland,  esq.  and 
Mary  Osbaldeston.  Both  these  gentle- 
men took  the  name  of  Osbaldeston,  in 
July  1770;  and  the  present  George  Os- 
baldeston, esq.  who  was  Sheriff  of  York- 
shire in  1829,  and  has  acquired  so  much 
notoriety  in  the  sporting  world,  is  the  son 
and  heir  of  the  latter. 

Humphrey  Osbaldeston,  esq.  the  gen- 
tleman now  deceased,  served  as  Sheriff 
of  Yorkshire  in  1781.  He  was  a  very 
worthy  man,  with  some  peculiarities  and 
eccentricities  of  character.  As  a  land- 
lord, he  was  greatly  respected,  for  it  was 
generally  a  point  with  him  to  make  his 
tenants  live.  He  was  a  firm  friend  to 
the  Church  of  England ;  and  as  strongly 
illustrative  of  the  depth  and  solidity  of 
his  piety,  it  may  be  mentioned,  that 
when  he  became  too  old  and  infirm  to 
walk  from  Gateforth  on  the  Sabbath,  to 
the  parish  church  at  Bray  ton,  be  could 
not  reconcile  it  to  his  conscience  to  put 
his  horses  into  the  carriage,  and  ride;  as 
he  thought  that  employing  his  horses  on 
the  Sunday,  was  breaking  one  command- 


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654 


Obituary. — JVilliam  Grimaldi,  Esq. 


[Dec. 


merit  to  keep  another.  And  what  did  be 
do  then?  He  built  a  church  at  Gate 
forth,  in  which  there  is  ample  and  gra- 
tuitous accommodation  for  all  the  people 
of  Gatefortb,  poor  and  rich  alike. 

Mr.  Osbaldeston  married,  Aug.  13, 
1772,  Catharine,  daughter  of  Sir  Joseph 
Pennington,  the  fourth  Bart,  of  Muncaster, 
Cumberland,  and  aunt  to  the  present 
Lord  Muncaster.  She  died  at  Gateforth 
House,  Dec.  22,  1825,  in  her  77th  year, 
having  had  issue  a  daughter,  married  April 
25,  1795,  to  the  late  Lieut- Col.  Hutch- 
inson, of  Wold  -  Newton,  in  the  East 
Hiding  of  Yorkshire;  and  another  daugh- 
ter, now  living  unmarried.  Mrs.  Hutch- 
inson is  deceased,  leaving  a  daughter,  to 
whom,  and  to  her  aunt,  Mr.  Osbuldeston 
has  bequeathed  a  life  inheritance  in  his 
unentailed  property.  His  extensive  cn- 
tuiled  estates  devolve  on  his  cousin.  Ber- 
tram Mitford,  esq.  of  Mitford  Castle, 
Northumberland. 


William  Grimaldi,  Esq. 

iVov.  5.  In  Yauglmn  Terrace,  City 
Road,  in  the  19th  year  of  his  aire,  Wil- 
liam Grimaldi,  esq.  (Marquis  Grimaldi 
of  Genoa),  eldest  son  of  the  late  William 
Grimaldi,  esq.  of  whom  a  memoir  ap- 
peared in  this  Magazine  for  June  1830. 

He  was  horn  in  Parliament-street, 
Westminster,  Dec.  8,  1785,  and  endowed 
by  nature  with  superior  mental  qualifica. 
tions,  which  showed  themselves  in  boy- 
hood, and  in  union  with  great  perse- 
verance, placed  him  as  chief  of  one  of  the 
highest  and  most  extensive  private  schools 
in  England,  Dr.  Nicholas  Wonostroclit's, 
at  Cambcrwcll. 

In  1808  he  entered  into  the  military 
service  of  the  East  India  Company,  and 
had  a  commission  in  the  third  regiment 
of  Bombay  Native  Infantry.  In  1809 
he  bad  the  command  of  the  castle  and 
fort  at  Surat,  Hindostan,  but  two  at- 
tacks of  fever  compelled  him  to  return 
to  Europe  and  resign  his  commission, 
although  the  progress  he  had  made  in  the 
study  of  military  tactics,  and  of  eastern 
dialects,  joined  to  his  readiness  in  draw- 
ing, his  general  knowledge  of  European 
languages,  and  the  friendship  of  the 
highest  authorities  in  the  settlement  of 
Bombay,  justified  the  anticipation  of  con- 
siderable eminence. 

After  his  return  to  England,  he  was 
for  some  time  in  his  Majesty's  War-ofiice, 
Horse  Guards. 

In  1828,  after  recovering  from  a  long 
and  nearly  fatal  illness,  he  travelled  to 
Monaco  and  Genoa,  in  order  to  collect 
materials  illustrative  of  the  history  of  his 
family,  who  had  left  the  latter  country  in 
consequence  of  its  bombardment  bv  Loui* 


the  Fourteenth,  in  1684..    During  bis 
sojourn  there,  he  ascertained  that  his  fa- 
mily ,  once  so  numerous,  was  reduced  to 
one  individual,  the  Marquis  Luigi  Gri- 
maldi, who  had  no  male  issue ;  and  that 
the  Government,  after  proclamation  in 
the  Gazette,  and  in  ignorance  of  the  ex- 
istence of  the  family  in  England,  bad 
transferred  to  the  Marquis,  in  the  charac- 
ter of  survivor  of  the  Grimaldi  family  of 
Genoa,  considerable  property,  which  bad 
been  deposited  with  the  Republic  above 
three  centuries  since,  by  that  family,  to 
exonerate  them  for  ever  from  contribut- 
ing to  the  burthens  of  the  State.  To 
prevent  similar  losses,  Mr.  Grimaldi  im- 
mediately procured  his  descent  from  the 
College  of  Arms  in  London,  certified  in 
a  legal  manner,  and  the  same  was  imme- 
diately added  to  the  tables  of  the  sixteen 
great  Genoese  noble  bouses  then  publish- 
ing under  the  superintendence  of  the  Mar- 
quis Adorno,  the  greatest  antiquary  and 
genealogist  at  Genoa.  This  circumstance, 
and  Mr.  Griinaldi's  residence,  giving  no- 
toriety to  the  existence  of  a  branch  of  the 
family  who  had  quitted  the  country  nearly 
150  years  since,  led  to  an  event  of  far 
greater  importance.    The  Prince  Gri- 
maldi, sovereign  of  the  principality  of 
Monaco,  on  the  coast  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, inherited  that  very  ancient  patri- 
mony of  the  Grimaldis  through  a  female, 
and  used  the  arms  and  name  of  Grimaldi 
by  virtue  only  of  that  female  descent ;  but 
as  the  state  was  a  male  lief,  it  was  claimed 
by  the  Marquis  Philippe  Grimaldi  of 
Antibes,  as  the  eldest  branch  of  all  the 
Grimaldis ;  and  after  appeals  which  had 
been  in  suspense  for  nearly  a  century,  a 
decision  was  then  confidently  awaited, 
from  the  Presidents  of  the  three  Sections 
of  the  Council  of  State  of  Sardinia,  in 
favour  of  the  male  line  of  the  Grimaldis. 
A  cession  of  the  principality  to  the  King 
of  Sardinia,  for  a  compensation,  was  pro- 
posed to  follow  its  recovery,  in  which 
the  concurrence  of  the  English  brunch 
would  have  been  requisite ;  but  all  these 
important  proceedings  were  suddenly  in. 
terrupted  by  tbe  unexpected  death  of  the 
Marquis  Luigi  Grimaldi,  at  Turin,  in 
June  1834,  whilst  residing  there  to  for- 
ward the  claim.* 

The  name  having  thus  become  extinct 
at  Genoa,  the  Marquis's  family,  consist- 
ing of  his  widow,  daughters,  and  sons-in- 
law,  held  a  meeting  in  December  last ;  at 
which,  assisted  by  their  friends,  agents, 
and  counsel,  they  acknowledged  that  Mr. 
Grimaldi  stood  next  in  succession  (in 
other  words,  was  male  heir)  to  the  late 


*  See  a  Memoir  of  him  in  Gent, 
for  October  1 834-. 


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1835.] 


Obituary. — Ahbe  de  la  Rue. 


6j5 


Marquis,  and  this  acknowledgment  was 
communicated  to  Mr.  Grimaldi. 

Happily  for  him,  however,  a  declining 
state  of  health  allowed  his  putting  no 
more  than  a  true  estimate  upon  these 
pursuits,  and  they  never  gave  him  either 
anxiety  or  exultation.  For  some  time 
previously  to  his  decease  he  had  occupied 
himself  in  antiquarian  and  genealogical 
researches,  at  the  British  Museum ;  and 
had  there  passed  the  day  on  the  evening 
of  which  he  was  struck  with  apoplexy. 
It  is  too  consoling,  as  well  as  too  in- 
structive, not  to  record,  that  having,  ac- 
cording to  custom,  reud  aloud  a  chapter 
in  the  Holy  Bible,  a  commentary  upon  it, 
uud  having  offered  to  his  Creator  his 
nightly  prayers,  he  was,  whilst  concluding 
with  the  Lord's  Prayer,  struck  with  a 
difficulty  of  speech  which  just  allowed 
him  to  end  it,  but  which  never  allowed 
him  to  speak  afterwards.  He  stepped 
into  his  bed,  laid  gently  down,  remained 
nearly  unconscious  for  sixty  hours,  and 
then  expired.  He  was  married,  but 
had  no  issue ;  an  only  surviving  brother  is 
his  heir.  His  remains  were  interred  in 
the  City  burial  ground,  near  those  of  his 
father,  grandfather,  and  family. 


The  Abbk  de  la  Rue. 

Sept.  27.  At  an  advanced  age,  the 
Abbe  Gervaise  de  la  Rue,  Honorary 
Canon  of  the  cathedral  of  Bayeux,  Knight 
of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  Member  of  the 
Institute,  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Letters 
of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Caen,  and 
Foreign  Member  of  the  Society  of  An- 
tiquaries of  Loudon. 

Thih  Ions  celebrated  antiquary  was 
Professor  of  History  in  the  university  of 
Caen  previous  to  the  Revolution;  but 
we  believe  his  first  published  writings 
were  those  which  he  communicated  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  during 
the  period  of  his  refuge  in  England.  In 
June  1794^  being  then  in  London,  he  ad- 
dressed to  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  Pres. 
S.  A.  «'  An  Epistolary  Dissertation  upon 
the  life  and  writings  of  Robert  Wace,  an 
Anglo-Norman  poet  of  the  Twellth  Cen- 
tury,** which  is  printed  in  the  Arclneologia, 
vol.  xii.  pp.  50—79.  In  the  following 
year  he  continued  the  subject  in  a  Letter 
to  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  Pres.  R.S.  "con- 
cerning the  lives  and  writings  of  various 
Anglo-Norman  poets  of  the  Twelfth 
Century,"  printed  ibid.  pp.  297—320.  In 
1796  be  addressed  to  Francis  Douce,  esq. 
F.S  A.  a  "Dissertation  on  the  life  and 
writings  of  Mary,  an  Anglo-Norman 
poetess  of  the  Thirteenth  Century," 
printed  in  Archscologia,  vol.  xiii.  pp.  35 — 
67;  and  in  1797  to  J.  H.  Major,  esq. 


F.R.S.  and  S.A.  a  '•Dissertation  on  the 
lives  and  works  of  several  Anglo-Norman 
poets  of  the  Thirteenth  Century,"  printed 
ibid.  pp.  230—250. 

On  returning  to  France,  M  de  la  Rue 
resumed  the  duties  of  his  professorship, 
and  sustained  them  for  many  years.  He 
communicated  several  antiquarian  disser- 
tations to  the  Academic  des  Sciences, 
Arts,  et  Belles  Lettres  of  Caen ;  ab- 
stracts of  which  are  printed  in  its  Trans- 
actions. 

In  1812  his  friend  Mr.  Douce  trans- 
lated his  Memoir  on  the  celebrated  Ta- 
pestry of  Bayeux,  and  communicated  it  to 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 
who  printed  it  in  the  Arclneologia,  vol. 
xvii.  pp.  85 — 109.  This  gave  rise  to  the 
papers  of  Mr.  Hudson  Gurney  in  the 
xviiith,  and  Mr.  Amvot  in  the  xixth 
volumes  of  the  Arctueologia ;  and  led  to 
the  magnificent  series  of  engravings  of 
the  Tapestry,  executed  at  the  expense  of 
the  Society,  from  the  minutely  accurate 
drawing*  of  Mr.  C.  A.  Stothard. 

In  1815  M.  de  la  Rue  printed  at  Caen 
"  Recherches  sur  les  ouvrages  des  Burdes 
de  la  Bretagne  Armoricaine  dans  le 
moyen  age." 

When  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  visited 
Normandy  in  1818,  the  Abbe  de  la  Rue 
was  resident  at  Cambre,  four  miles  from 
Caen,  in  the  chateau  of  the  Marquis  dc 
Mathan,  to  whom  he  had  been  tutor. 
*'  When  they  both  took  refuge  in  England, 
the  Abbe  was  the  only  protector  of  his 
pupil,  who  now  returns  the  honourable 
obligation.  It  is  well  known,"  continues 
Mr.  Turner,  "  that  the  Abbe  has  devoted 
his  life  to  the  investigation  of  the  an- 
tiquities both  of  Normandy  and  of  the 
Anglo-Normans.  Possessing  in  a  high 
degree  the  acute  and  critical  spirit  of  re- 
search which  distinguished  the  French 
archaeologists  of  the  Benedictine  school, 
we  have  only  to  regret,  that  the  greater 
part  of  his  works  yet  remain  in  manu- 
script. His  History  of  Anglo-Norman 
Poetry,  which  is  quite  ready  for  the  press, 
would  be  an  invaluable  accession  to  our 
literature;  but  books  of  this  nature  are 
so  little  suited  to  the  taste  of  the  French 
public,  that  as  yet  be  has  not  ventured 
upon  its  publication." 

It  was  in  the  same  year  that  Normandy 
was  visited  by  Dr.  Dibdin,  who,  in  his 
Bibliographical  and  Antiquarian  Tour, 
has  given  an  account  of  an  interview  he 
bad  with  M.  de  la  Rue.  *'  The  Abbe 
is,"  he  says,  u  the  great  archaeological 
oracle  of  Normandy.  He  was  pleased 
to  pay  me  a  visit  at  Lagouelle's.  He  is 
fast  approaching  bis  seventieth  year.  His 
figure  is  rather  stout,  and  above  the  mean 
height;  his  complexion  is  healthful,  his 


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C;»6 


<    A  %  j  ■  t 

Obituary. — Don  Telesforo  de  Trueba. 


eyes  brilliant,  and  a  plentiful  quantity  of 
waving  white  hair  adds  much  to  the  ex. 
predion  of  bis  countenance.  He  inquired 
kindly  after  our  mutual  friend  Mr.  Douce, 
of  whose  talent*  and  character  be  spoke 
in  a  manner  which  did  equal  honour  to 
both.  But  be  was  inexorable,  as  to — 
not  dining  with  me,  observing  that  his 
Order  was  forbidden  to  dine  in  taverns. 
He  rarely  visits  Caen,  although  a  great 
portion  of  his  library  is  kept  there ;  his 
abode  being  chiefly  in  the  country,  at  the 
residence  of  a  nobleman  to  whose  son  he 
was  tutor.  It  is  delightful  to  see  a  man 
of  bis  venerable  aspect  and  widely  ex- 
tended reputation,  enjoying,  in  the  even- 
ing  of  life  (after  braving  such  a  tempest, 
in  the  noonday  of  it,  as  that  of  the  Revo- 
lution,) the  calm  unimpaired  possession 
of  his  faculties,  and  the  respect  of  the 
virtuous  and  wise."  Air.  Douce  after- 
wards communicated  to  Dr.  Dibdin,  for 
the  smaller  edition  of  bis  Tour,  published 
in  1829,  a  portrait  of  the  Abbede  la  Hue 
at  the  age  of  seventy- four,  drawn  by 
Perez;  and  the  engraving,  by  T-  Wright, 
will  be  found  in  vol.  i.  of  that  work, 
p.  186.  Both  Mr.  Turner  and  Dr.  Dib- 
din mention  that  the  Abbe  was  then  en- 
tfuged  in  a  work  on  the  history  of  Caen, 
and  it  was  afterwards  published  under  the 
title  of  **  Essais  ilistoriques  sur  la  Villc 
de  Caen  et  son  Arondissement,"  in  two 
imull  octavo  volumes,  1820. 

At  length,  in  13&,  the  Abbe's  arranged 
collections  on  medieval  poetrv,  the  delay 
of  which  is  mentioned  by  Air.  Turner, 
were  printed  in  three  octavo  volumes 
under  the  title  of  "  Essais  Historiques 
sur  les  Bardes,  les  Jongleurs,  et  les 
Trou vires  Normands  et  Anglo-Nor- 
mands ;  suivis  de  pieces  de  Alalberbe, 
qu'ou  ne  trouve  dans  aucune  edition  de 
ses  ceuvres."  It  would  have  been  well, 
perhaps,  for  the  Abbe's  reputation  as  an 
accurate  scholar  had  these  three  volumes 
never  appeared,  or,  at  least,  had  they  ap- 
peared earlier.  He  belonged  to  a  school 
of  philologists  who  have  now  passed  by; 
he  was  exceeded  by  none  of  that  school 
in  industrious  research,  but  he  shared  in 
all  the  rashness  of  conclusion  and  gene- 
ralization which  characterised  it ;  and  for 
a  book  that  is  truly  so  full  of  learning,  it 
is  surprising  to  find  it  so  abounding  in 
errors— errors,  too,  which  in  many  in- 
stances have  been  long  exploded.  At 
present  it  is,  without  doubt,  a  book  of 
value  :  bad  it  appeared  thirty  years  ago,  it 
would  have  been  regarded  as  almost  a 
miracle  of  learning;  and,  as  the  period 
would  have  been  a  full  excuse  for  the 
errors  which  it  contains,  they  would  not 
have  lessened  our  admiration,  though,  like 
the  celebrated  History  of  English  Poetry 

12 


[Dec. 

of  Watton,  ifc  would  have  been  more  ^ac- 
ceptable to  us  after  having  passed  thi  ou*:u 
the  editorial  care  of  a  Price.  At  the 
same  time  it  is,  like  the  book  to  which 
we  have  just  alluded,  a  work  indispensa- 
ble to  the  library  of  the  poetical  and 
philological  antiquary. 


Don  Telesfoeo  de  Tkukra. 

Oct.  4.  At  Paris,  aged  about  30,  Don 
Telesforo  de  Trueba  y  Cosia,  the  author 
of  several  dramas  and  novels  published  in 
this  country. 

On  the  overthrow  of  the  Constitutional 
party,  his  mother,  a  woman  of  fortune 
and  a  staunch  liberal,  left  Spain,  and  for 
many  years  continued  to  reside  at  Paris ; 
and  Trueba  himself  came  to  England, 
where  indeed  he  had  been  educated ;  but 
either  might,  it  is  believed,  have  returned 
to  Spain.  Trueba,  however,  resided  here 
from  choice  rather  than  necessity,  and 
was  enabled  to  do  so  on  a  very  liberal 
allowance  from  his  mother,  (who  has  con- 
siderable property  in  the  English  fund*,) 
and  the  profits  of  his  literary  labours. 
The  fact  that  he  wrote  dramas  in  Spanish, 
French,  and  English,  and  that  they  were 
produced  at  the  several  national  theatres 
with  success,  is  proof  that  he  was  a  man 
of  talent.  A  mongst  his  English  dramatic 
pieces  were  the  very  popular  farces  of 
4  Call  again  To-morrow,*  brst  acted  at  the 
Olympic  Theatre  by  the  E.  O.  company ; 
and  4  Air.  and  Airs.  Pringle ;'  also  an  un- 
successful comedy  called  4  Alen  of  Plea- 
sure,' produced  at  Drury-Lane  1832;  and 
4  The  Royal  Fugitive,  or  the  Triumph  of 
Justice,'  which  was  performed  with  sue* 
cess,  we  believe,  at  the  Victoria,  in  Jan. 
1834.  He  also  wrote  4  The  Castilian/ 
4  The  Incognito,'  4  Paris  and  Loudon,' 
*  Salvador  the  Guerilla,*  and  other  novels, 
and  was  a  contributor  to  the  Aletropolitaa 
Magazine,  and  many  of  the  periodicals. 
In  society  he  was  a  remarkably  good- 
tempered  and  gentlemanly  man;  nod, 
mixing  with  good  company,  wan  enabled 
not  only  to  supply  bis  mind  with  subjects 
for  observation,  but  to  take  a  tone  not 
always  within  the  scope  of  the  deJiueators 
of  passing  manners.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Garrick  Club,  and  vouch 
by  all  his  acquaintance. 

Trueba  returned  to  Spain  witl&  his 
more  distinguished  countrymen  early  in 
183-1,  and  was  soon  after  elected  a  aaeoj. 
ber  of  the  Chamber  of  Procuradorea*  and 
Secretary  to  one  of  the  Commit  tees  j 
where  his  knowledge  of  England,  hex 
constitution  and  sentiments,  as  well  as 
his  general  information,  mu&t  have  wade 
him  eminently  useti ' 


i  ■ 


1. 


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Obituary. — Immc  Pvceck,  Esq. 


Isaac  Pocock,  Esq. 

Aug.  23.  At  Ray  Lodge,  Maiden- 
bead,  in  his  54th  year,  Isaac  Pocock,  esq. 
a  Deputy  Lieutenant  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  that  county. 

Nicholas  Pocock  of  the  city  of  Bristol, 
merchant,    the    deceased's  grandfather, 
(who  died  1 5th  Jan.  1759)  married  Mary 
one  of  the  daughters  and  co-heiresses  of 
William  Innes,  one  of  the  sons  of  John 
Innes  of  Leucnara,  in  the  county  of  Mo- 
ray, who  was  the  King's  Justiciary  in 
that  county,  and  a  cadet  of  the  ancient 
fiunily  of  Innes  of  that  ilk,  of  which  the 
present  Duke  of  Roxhurghe  is  the  head. 
She  died  16th  Feb.  1790.    They  had 
four  sons  and   one  daughter,  namely: 
L  Nicholas  Pocock,  late  of  Great  George- 
strtet,  Westminster  (of  whom  hereafter) ; 
2.  Sir   Isaac   Pocock,  knight,  late  of 
Maidenhead  and  of  Biggin  in  the  county 
of  Northampton,  who  was  High- Sheriff  * 
for  that  connty  in  1786,  and  distinguished, 
as  well  for  loyalty  and  firm  support  of 
Church  and  State,  as  for  bis  regard  for 
the  interests  of  die  poor,  which  was 
especially  manifested  by  bis  strenuous 
sod  successful  opposition  to  the  attempted 
inclosure  of  the  common-lands  in  his 
neighbourhood.    He  married  Ann  the 
widow  of  Peter  Joy,  esq.  and  diedf  8th 
Oct.  1810  without  issue;  and  she  dying  J 
in  1818,  the  bulk  of  their  property  de- 
scended to  his  nephew,  the  subject  of  this 
memoir.    They  were  buried  in  Cookham 
church,  in  which  parish  Maidenhead  is 
situated ;  3.  William  Innes  Pocock,  late 
of  Bristol,  esq.  who  died  2d  Feb.  1822, 
married  Elizabeth   Evans  of  that  city 
(now  living),  and  by  her  had  a  numerous 
family,  all  of  whom  died  s.  p.  except 
Charles  Innes  Pocock,  esq.  and  Mary 
Innes  the  wife  of  difton  Came,  esq.; 

4.  John  Innes  Pocock  who  died  at  the 
age  of  16,  a  prisoner  of  war  in  Spain ; 

5.  Mary,  who  married  Christopher  Deake, 
esq-  of  Falmouth,  and  died  there  3d  Jan. 
1803  leaving  issue.  To  return  to  Nicho- 
las Pocock  :  At  an  early  age  be  exhibited 
considerable  talent  in  the  art  of  drawing, 
which  he  cultivated  with  assiduity  as  he 
grew  up,  being  perfectly  self-taught.  His 
style  was  varied,  drawing  portraits  as  well 
as  landscapes  and  sea-views,  with  equal 
ability  It  was  not,  however  until  be  was 
rather  advanced  in  life  tbat  he  took  to  the 
art  as  a  profession,  and  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  Admiral  Lord  Hood  he  de- 
voted his  studies  to  marine  subjects,  and 
about  the  commencement  of  the  revolu- 
tionary war  with  France,  removed  to  Lon- 
don.  There  he  bad  the  advantage  of  the 


#  Gbmt.  Mag  vol.  lvi.  pt  i.  p.  177' 
Ibid.  vol.  lxxk.  pt.  ii.  p.  386. 
Ibid.  vol.  lxxxvtii.  pt.  ii.  p.  92. 

Gkn-t.  Mao.  Vol..  IV. 


acquaintance  of  Sir  Joshua  ReynoMs, 
and  soon  attained  eminence  as  a  murine 
painter.  From  that  time  to  the  termi- 
nation of  the  war  there  was  scarcely  a 
battle  which  he  did  not  paint,  and  there 
are  few  families  in  the  kingdom  whose 
names  are  recorded  in  our  naval  history, 
which  do  not  possess  one  of  his  pic- 
tures. A  specimen  has  been  recently 
presented  to  the  collection  in  the  Painted 
Hall  at  Greenwich  by  Mr.  Ix>ckycr. 
He  married  Ann  Evans  (a  sister  of  his 
ydunger  brother  William's  wife),  and  by 
her  had  issue  seven  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters. He  died  10th  March  1821,'*  aged 
80;  his  widow  died  27th  Dec.  1827, 
aged  75,  and  both  were  buried  in  the 
family  vault  at  Cookham.  Their  chil- 
dren were — 1.  Isaac,  who  died  soon  after 
his  birth ;  2.  Isaac,  the  subject  of  this 
memoir;  3.  William  Innes  Pocock,  esq. 
a  Lieutenant  in  his  Majesty's  Navy,  who 
has  one  son  and  three  daughters ;  4. 
Nicholas  Pocock,  who  was  Captain  of 
H.  M.  packet  Princess  Mary,  and  died 
at  Lisbon  28th  April  1819,  leaving  a 
widow,  two  sons  and  a  daughter ;  5  John 
Innes  Pocock,  esq. ;  6.  Geoige  Pocock, 
esq.  now  a  widower,  and  having  three 
sons  and  two  daughters;  7.  Peter  Po. 
cock,  who  was  Capt.  of  H.  M.  packet 
Lapwing,  and  died  at  Falmouth  31st 
Dec.  1817,  leaving  a  widow,  one  son  and 
one  daughter;  8.  Mary- Aim,  who  mar- 
ried Rev.  Samuel  -  Charles  Fripp,  and 
has  a  numerous  family ;  and  9.  Elizabeth 
Pocock. 

Isaac  Pocock,  the  eldest  surviving  son, 
whose  deatb  w  e  now  record,  was  born  at 
Bristol  the  2d  March  1782  When  a 
child  he  evinced  the  same  native  genius 
and  talent  for  drawing  as  had  distinguished 
his  father  in  his  youth,  and  it  was  there- 
fore thought  advisable  to  cultivate  them 
under  the  best  masters.  He  was  placed 
first  as  a  pupil  with  Romney,  after  whose 
retirement  he  studied  under  Sir  William 
Beechey,  by  which  means  he  acquired 
the  bold  style  of  the  former  with  the 
richness  and  delicacy  of  colouring  of  the 
latter.  In  1805  M  The  British  Institu- 
tion for  the  promotion  of  the  Fine  Arts" 
was  established  in  Pall-Mall,  and  as  a 
student  there  he  distinguished  himself  by 
some  very  fine  copies  of  pictures  of  the 
ancient  masters.  In  1807  he  entered  the 
lists  with  numerous  competitors  for  the 
first  prize  given  by  that  Institution  for  the 
best  original  historical  painting ;  he  chose 
for  his  subject  the  Murder  of  Thomas 
a  Becket,  and  gained  the  prize  After 
this  encouragement,  be  painted  several 
other  historical  and  poetical  subjects,  as 
well  as  portraits,  in  all  of  which  there 


*  Ibid.  vol.  xci.  part  i. 

1  P 


1 


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fc>$  Oattv*ti\.— haw  Pocock;  Etq.  [Dec. 


wan  io  much  merit,  that,  had  necessity 
compelled  lam  tu  devote  his  undivided 
attention  to  the  art,  and  to  prosecute  it 
with  industry,  be  would  doubtless  have 
realized  the  expectations  formed  of  him 
by  bis  old  masters  and  his  friends,  by  at- 
taining a  high  rank  amongst  the  artbts  of 
his  day.  But,  having  the  prospect  of  an 
independent  fortune,  being  young,  and 
mixing  much  in  society  (for  which  bis 
varied  accomplishments,  originality  of 
humour,  and  agreeable  manners,  peculiar- 
ly fitted  him),  be  gradually  relaxed  in  the 
prosecution  of  that  profession. 

About  this  time  also,  on  the  suggestion 
of  a  friend,  he  tried  bis  powers  as  a  Dra- 
matist; and,  the  attempt  succeeding,  he 
made  further  contributions  to  the  Drama 
from  time  to  time,  and,  although  celebrity 
was  not  sought  by  him,  he  eventually  be- 
came known  as  one  of  the  most  success, 
i  ul  Dramatists  of  his  day. 

In  1818  be  succeeded  to  the  property  of 
bis  uncle  and  aunt  Sir  Isaac  and  Lady 
Pocock,  and  took  up  bis  residence  at 
Maidenhead,  where  he  employed  himself 
in  the  duties  of  a  country  gentleman, 
at  times  using  both  his  pencil  and  pen, 
and  produciug  works  which  show  how 

Shly  he  was  gifted.  Some  of  his  pocti. 
pieces  are  found  with  the  fugitive 
literature  and  music  of  the  day,  but  are 
well  deserving  of  a  more  lasting  preserva- 
tion. His  last  historical  painting  was  an 
Altar  piece  ('  Our  Saviour  blessing  little 
Children ')  presented  by  him  to  the  new 
chapel  at  Maidenhead.  During  bis  resi- 
dence in  London,  at  the  period  of  Buo- 
naparte's threatened  invasion,  he  was  up. 
pointed  First  Lieutenant  of  *  Tbe  Royal 
Westminster  Volunteers/  whence  he  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  Major  by  tbe  suffrage 
of  its  members ;  and  lie  had  not  long 
been  resident  at  Maidenhead  before  be 
was  joined  in  the  Commission  of  the 
Peace  for  Berkshire;  and  in  July  1831 
appointed  one  of  His  Majesty's  Deputy 
Lieutenants  for  that  county.  He  was 
active  and  energetic  in  tbe  performance 
of  the  duties  which  devolved  upon  him 
as  a  Magistrate  or  otherwise ;  uud  in  all 
the  relatious  of  private  life  his  conduct 
was  exemplary.  He  died  after  a  few 
hours  illness, — though  suddenly,  not  un- 
prepared, —  and  bis  remains  were  de- 
posited in  the  famil*  vault  at  Cookham. 

Mr.  Pocock  married  Miss  Louisa 
Hime  of  Liverpool  on  the  21th  August 
1812,  by  whom  be  had  one  son,  Isaac- 
John  Innes,  now  at  Eton,  and  three 
daughters,  Anne,  Louisa,  and  Elizabeth. 
Frances  ;  all  of  whom  suivive  him. 

To  this  memoir  we  are  enabled  to  add, 
from  another  correspondent,  the  following 
lift  of  Mr.  Pocock'*  works  : 


I  lis  first  dramatic,  essay  was  tbe  musi- 
cal farce  of  *fc  Yes  or  No?"  produced  at 
the  I  lay  market  in  1808:  this  was  fol- 
lowed in  1810  by  two  lively  bustling 
pieces,  viz:  "  Hit  or  Miss,"  and  "Seventy 
Years  ago  ;*  the  former  rendered  fa- 
mous by  the  inimitable  acting  of  the  late 
Charles  Mathews   in  the  character  of 
Cypher,  and  both  first  acted  ut  tbe  Ly- 
ceum   Added  to  these,  his  most  success- 
ful production*  were.  **  Any  Thing  New," 
a  musical  furce,  181 1  ;    "  The  Green 
Drupon,"  another;  and  •«  Harry  Le  Roy," 
a  burletta  faltered  from  '  tbe  Miller  of 
Mansheld'Xallin  1811;  "The  Miller  and 
his  Men,"  a  melodrama,  1813;  which,  by 
aid  of  the  sweet  music  of  BUhop.  still  re- 
tains u  place  on  the  stage  ;  "  For  England 
Ho!"  an  opera,  1813 :  "  John  of  Paris," 
an  opera,  1814;  "  Zembuca,"a  melodn*^  a. 
1814;  -  The  Magpie  or  the  Maid3'  u 
melodrama,  1815;  ••  Robinson  C»u«oe' 
a  pantomimic  Easter-piece,  1817.  *  Rub 
Roy,"  an  opera  (dramatised  from  Scon  * 
Novel),  1818;  "  Montrose,*"  a  musical 
drama,  1822  ;   *•  Woodstock,"  a  drama, 
in  five  acts,  (from  Scott's  Novel.)  1826," 
"  The  Robber's  Wife,"   a  melodrama, 
1830;   *  The   Corporal's   Wedding,"  a 
farce,  1830-1  ;  "  The  Omnibus,"  an  in. 
terlude,  18'il  ;   "  Country  Quarters,'*  a 
farce.  1832;  "The  Cluttei  bucks'"  a  farce, 
1832;  "Sean  -Mag."  a  farce,  1833.  The 
Ferry  and  the  Mill,"  a  melodrama,  ltvj3 
(intended  as  a  sort  of  companion,  we  pre 
sume,  to  the  4  Miller  and  his  Men');  and 
"  King  Arthur  and  the  Knights  of  the 
Round  Table,"  a  Christmas  equestrian 
spectacle,  1834-5.    We  may  mention  as 
less  successful,    "The  Farce- Writer," 
which  christens  itself;    "  Tbe    Heir  of 
Veroni,"  an  opera,  1817  ;  *•  The  Liber- 
.  tine,"  do.  1817;   "  The  Antiquary,'  a 
play  (from  Scott's  Novel,  afterwards  re- 
dramatised  with  better  success  by  Mr. 
Terry),  before  1820 ;  44  Husbands  arid 
Wives,"  a   farce,  1817;    •♦Alfred  the 
Great,  or  the  Enchanted  Standard."  a 
musical  drama  (partly  founded  ou  an  earij 
production  of  O'Keeffe'*),  IH27;  ••  Tucki* 
Tomba."  an  Easter  piece.  182»;  "  Peve- 
ril  of  the  Peak,"  an  opera.  iH2«i  ;   •  The 
Blue  Anchor. "  a  nautical  drama.  I8o0. 
"  The   Doom- Kiss,"  u  musical  drama, 
1842;  u  Aiister  Fair,"  an  Easter  tul.y. 
Ib34;  and  two  pieces,  produced  aifKY  his 
death,  one  a  taice  called.  "  The  Night 
Patrol.  '  and  the  other  an  adaptation  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  Novel  ol     Old  .lor 
tality.'  under  the  ill-chosen  title  of  *  Ca- 
valiers and  Roundheads."  * 


*  The  year  1679,  when  the  story  com- 
mences, is  surely  too  late  an  jer  i  lor  lite 
party  terms  of  Cavaliers  aod  Rouxulbead* 


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1S35.]     Obituary. —  W  MotAeneett,  JSsq.—F.  Q#d'lwin,  Lsq.  £V> 


•  ■'   W.  Motrerww.l,  E«Q. 
Xnv.  1.    At  Glasgow,  in  his  38th  year, 
William  M otberwell,  esq 

This  |ile:i«riu£  pot-t  whs  born  in  the 
Barony  Parish  of  Glasgow,  and  at  a  very 
early  ace  placed  under  the  care  of  an  unele 
in  Paisley,  from  whom  be  received  hit 
education. 

When  a  youth  be  obtained  a  situation 
in  the  Sheriff  Clerks  office  at  Paisley, 
where  he  remained  till  within  the  few  last 
years  of  hia  life.  His  first  appearance 
in  the  literary  world  was  in  1819,  when 
he  contributed  to,  and  directed,  a  poetical 
publication  entitled  the  4  Harp  of  Ren- 
frewshire. ■  From  this  time  be  was  busily 
employed  in  the  compilation  of  a  very 
interesting  and  valuable  collection  of 
ballads,  which  he  published  in  1827 
under  the  title  *  Minstrelsy,  Ancient  and 
Modem/  illustrated  by  an  ably  written 
historical  introduction,  and  notes. 

In  1828  he  became  editor  of  the  1  Pais- 
ley Magazine '  and  4  Paisley  Advertiser;* 
and  after  having  conducted  the  latter 
journal  about  two  years  be  was  offered 
the  editorship  of  the  '  Glasgow  Courier/ 
which  he  accepted,  and  continued  to  di- 
rect to  the  time  of  his  death.    In  1833 
was  published  a  collected  edition  of  his 
own  delightful  Poems,  lyrical  and  narra- 
tive; and  the  same  year  he  contributed 
a  humorous  and  chastely  comic  series  of 
papers  called,   4  Memoirs  of  a  Paisley 
Bailie  '  to  «  The  Day,'  a  periodical  work 
then  publishing  in  Glasgow.    Within  the 
last  year  he  had  superintended  an  elegant 
edition  of  '  Burns ;'  and  such  time  ss  he 
could  spare  from  necessary  duties  was 
employed  in  collecting  materials  for  a 
Life  of  that  unfortunate  but  truly  exqui- 
site song-writer,  Robert   Tannerhill  of 
Paisley,  whose  biography  might  furnish 
a  volume  of  great  interest.    He  has  also 
left  unfinished  the  greater  portion  of  an 
intended  prose  work,  embodying  the  old 
wild  legends  of  the  Norsemen. 

Mr  Motherwell  was  a  poet  of  no  com- 
mon genius,  spirit,  and  pathos.  Amidst 
the  infinite  variety  of  bis  style,  we  prefer 
his  simplest  ballad  compositions ;  our 
special  favourite  is  *  Jeanie  Morrison.' 
This  piece  we  never  read  without  a  tear ; 
it  is  pure  in  spirit,  and  for  intensity  of 
feeling,  akin  to  the  sweetest  poetry  of 
Robbie  Burns  himself. 

His  love  for  chivalrous  old  ballads  was 
exceedingly  great ;  indeed,  he  never  was 
more  happy  than  when  poring  over  those 
sugared  sweets,  with  a  friend  at  his  elbow 
to  hear  and  appreciate  his  exquisite  man- 
ner of  delivering  them.  The  many  hours 
spent  in  this  delightful  recreation  were  of 
late  years  unavoidably  given  np  to  politics. 

The  afternoon  previous  to  his  death 
was  spent  in  the  society  of  a  few  friends, 


when  he  was  in  perfect  health,  and  dis- 
played all  bis  usual*  cheerfulness  and  vi- 
vacity: about  three  o'clock  on  the  morn- 
ing following  (Sunday)  he  was  seized  with 
an  apoplectic  fit,  and  in  less  than  three 
hours,  during  which  he  scarcely  spoke, 
bis  lamp  of  life  was  for  ever  extinguished. 


Francis  Goodwin,  Esq. 

Aug.  30.  In  King-street.  Portman-sq. 
Francis  Goodwin,  esq  architect. 

The  public  works  of  this  gentleman 
were  new  churches  at  Hulme  by  Man- 
chester; Ashton  under  Lyne ;  Portsea, 
Hants;  Derby.  Kidderminster;  Oldham; 
Bordeslev,  hv  Birmingham  (engraved  in 
Gent.  Mag.  for  Sept.  1827);  West  Brom- 
wich  ;  Bilston ;  Walsall  ;  and  Burton 
upon  Trent.  He  rebuilt  churches  at  Bil- 
ston and  Walsall,  St.  Michael's  South- 
ampton, the  tower  of  St.  Peter's  Man- 
chester, and  the  tower  and  spire  of  St. 
Paul's  Birmingham.  lie  also  erected 
Town-halls  at  Manchester  and  Maccles- 
field, Markets  at  Leeds  and  Salford,  an 
Exchange  at  Bradford,  and  a  County 
Prison  at  Derby. 

A  description  of  the  Manchester  Town 
Hall,  which  may  be  termed  his  chef- 
d'oeuvre,  is  given  in  the  Introduction  to 
his  second  volume  of  "  Rural  Architec- 
ture," with  an  interior  view  and  plan. 
His  principal  private  work  was  Lissadell, 
the  mansion  of  Sir  R.  G.  Booth.  Bart,  in 
co.  Sligo,  an  interior  of  the  Gallery  in 
which  forms  the  frontispiece  to  his  first 
volume  of  44  Rural  Architecture."  He 
was  also  employed  by  Lord  Hatherton, 
in  Staffordshire ;  by  E  J.  Cooper,  esq. 
M  P.  at  Markree,  co  Sligo;  &c. 

When  public  buildings  were  offered  to 
competition.  Mr.  (rood win  frequently 
furnished  plans,  and  in  several  instances 
he  obtained  premiums.  This  was  the 
case  with  regard  to  the  new  Grammar 
School  of  Birmingham,  his  design  for 
which  was  exhibited  last  year  at  Somer- 
set House.  A  few  years  ago  he  brought 
before  the  public  a  scheme  for  an  exten- 
sive Cemetery  in  the  vicinity  of  the  me- 
tropolis, the  drawings  of  which  were  exhi- 
bited at  an  office  taken  expressly  for  the 
purposein Parliament-street.  Thegrounds 
were  to  have  been  ornamented  with  a  va- 
riety of  edifices,  copied  from  the  principal 
buildings  at  Athens,  of  some  of  which 
there  would  have  been  duplicates  in  the 
correspondi ng  parts  of  the  inclosure.  Tbls 
project  excited  some  attention  at  first, 
but  soon  died  away ;  and,  in  fact,  it  was 
upon  such  a  scale  that  it  could  hardly 
have  been  realised.  During  a  great  part 
of  last  year,  Mr  Goodwin  was  in  Ireland, 
preparing  designs  for  extensive  additions 
to  the  College  at  Belfast,  including  a 
magnificent  building  for  a  Mnseum.  the 


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m      P^t^y*^  [Dee. 


plan,ot>vbjcfc  ww  ingenious  and  novel;  in 

and  ho  was  also  engaged  in  planning  some  The  repugnance  entertained  by  hw  aunt 

Baths  at  Dublin  i  but  both  these  under-  to  the  precarious  and  dangerous  nature  of 

takings  seem  to  have  been  abandoned.  a  maritime  life*  formed  a  prohibition  to 

The  prvfiosals  put  forth  for  designs  for  hia  adopting  it    He  therefore,  as  be  adr- 

the  new  Houses  of  Parliament,  engrossed  vaneed  to  manhood,  tried  several  other 

his  attention  more  deeply  than  any  pre-  pursuits,  some  of  which  were  not  agrea- 

vious  object,  as  he  felt  anxious  to  avail  ble  to  him,  and  others  not  beneficial,  or 

himself  of  the  advantage  which  his  pre-  offered  no  prospect  of  being  so.  He 

vious  attention  to  the  same  subject,  two  came  to  London  about  the  age  of  twenty,, 

years  ago,  had  already  afforded  him.  and  before  that  of  twenty-one,  married 


At  the  inquest  which  was  held  on  his  Miss  E.  Frances,  his  present 

death,  Dr.  Copeland  said  that  the  de-  From  an  early  age  be  bad  evinced  a 

ceased  had  for  some  months  past  been  love  for  the  arts,  and  drew  with  facility ; 

engaged  in  forming  plans  for  the  erection  but  Norwich  at  that  time  afforded  but 


af  the  Houses  of  Parliament,  and  so  in-  small  resource*  for  graphic  study,  and 
tense  had  been  his  studies  upon  the  occa-  encouragement.  In  London  both  were 
sion,  that  he  derlared  to  him  (the  Doctor)  before  him;  and  immediately  after  his 
that  he  was  unable  to  obtain  any  rest  at  marriage  he  made  arrangements  with  Mr. 
nights,  so  completely  engrossed  were  his  James  Ward,  then  practising  as  an  en- 
thoughts  upon  the  plans  he  was  engaged  graver,  but  now  better  known  as  a  eele- 
in  drawing  out.  In  answer  to  a  question  brated  painter  and  Royal  Academician, 
from  the  Coroner,  the  Doctor  said  that  to  study  under  him ;  and  with  this  guid- 
such  intense  study  was  likely  to  produce  ance  he  engraved  his  first  plate, 
a  determination  of  blood  to  the  brain,  and  From  that  time  both  pleasure  and 
occasion  an  attack  of  apoplexy.  The  profit  were  combined;  ami  perhaps  few 
Jury  returned  a  verdict  oi  "  Died  by  the  artists  have  exceeded  Mr.  Say  in  close 
visitation  of  God,  in  a  fit  of  apoplexy."  application.  The  number  of  bis  known 
Mr.  Goodwin  was  the  author  of  a  work  works  is  three  hundred  and  thirty-five,  all 
entitled  "  Rural  Architectare :  a  series  executed  by  his  own- hands ;  many  of  then 
of  Designs  for  Rustic,  Peasants',  and  Or-  large  historical  and  domestic  subjects, 
naincntal  Cottages,  Lodges,  and  Villas,  and  many  whole-length  portraits.  A 
in  various  styles,"  in  two  volumes  quarto,  complete  set  of  his  works  ia  in  the  pos- 
each  of  which  has  a  supplement,  entitled,  session  of  his  son. 

M  Cottage  Architecture."    The  first  vo-  In  1807  Mr.  Say  was  appointed  En- 

Iume  is  dedicated  to  Sir  John  Soane,  and  graver  to  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 

the  second  to  Lord  Hatherton.   The  first  of  Gloucester,  after  having  engraved  the 

has  .50  plates,  the  second  49;  the  first  portraits  of  the  Duke  and  Ducbess  painted 

supplement  nine,  and  the  second  seven.  by  Sir  William  Beecbey.  About  the  year 

He  also  published  in  1833  his     Plans  1819  he  engraved  the  first  raezzotinto  oa 

•f  a  new  House  of  Commons."  steel  that  bad  ever  been  produced. 

  He  was  a  man  of  rather  retired  habits, 

William  Say,  Esq.  although  of  a  very  social  disposition. 

Aug.  24*  1834.    In  Weymouth -street,  Among  his  family  and  friends  be  was  gay 

Portland  -place .  aged  66,  William  Say,  and  playful.  His  partiality  for  young  per- 

esq.  the  celebrated  meazotinto  engraver-  sons,  and  bis  almost  inexhaustible  spirits 

Mr.  Say  was  born  at  Lakenham,  with-  endeared  him,  and  made  his  company 

fn  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Norwich ;  his  more  sought  by  them  than  that  of  many 

father,  Mr.  William  Say,  was   Land-  of  their  own  age.    At  his  death  his  chiK 

Steward  to  the  proprietors  of  several  dren  consisted  of  one  son.  Air.  Frederic 

estates  in  the  neighbourhood  of  that  city.  Richard  Say,  a  portrait  painter;  and  three 

He  died  when  bis  son  was  only  five  years  daughters,  the  eldest  of 


of  age.    The  subject  of  this  memoir  then  to  John  B.  Papworth,  esq.  architect ; 

became  entirely  an  orphan,  for  he  bad  lost  the  second   to  William  A.  Nicholsons 

Bis  mother  two  years  before  ;  from  which  esq.  architect,  Lincoln ;  and  the  youngest 

time  he  was  confided  to  the  care  of  a  ma-  to   George  Morant,  esq.  of  Wimpole- 

ternal  aunt,  the  daughter  of  a  neighbour-  street. 

kig  clergyman.    The  lad's  residence,  on  His  last  illness  was  short,  and  supposed 

the  borders  of  the  lake  from  which  the  to  be  induced  by  too  close  application  to 

village  is  supposed  to  derive  its  name,  his  art,  from  which  be  had  declared  his 

lad  imbued  htm  with  a  love  of  the  water,  resolution  shortly  to  retire, 

which  he  soon  transferred  to  the  ocean,  A  sale  of  Mr.  Say's  remaining  stock  of 

and  it  made  an  indelible  impression  on  his  plates  and  prints  took  place  at  Messrs. 

youthful  mind.    In  after  years  he  drew  Christie  and  Manson'a,  on  the  23d  of 

from  the  sea  bis  favourite  prospects  and  July  last;  they  chiefly  consisted  of  por- 

i«crcatio»»,  and  be  was  always  murestcd  traits,  the  coppcr-platca  of  more  uka 


i 


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1 833.]        OnrruARY.-^-Tl  Heaphy,  Esq.— Joseph  bonsor,  Esq.  061 


tbirty  of  which  were  sold,  as  were  the 
plate*  { on  copper  or  steel)  of  the  fei 
lowing  subjects,  some  of  which  were 
unpublished  : —  Three  Maries  at  the  Se- 
pulchre, by  A.  Caraeri.  Infant  Jesus, 
hf  Curio  Maratti.  Fallen  Angels,  by 
JL a w r e noe  (unfint shed ).  Raising of  Laza- 
rus, by  Hilton.  Death  of  Abel.  Judg- 
ment of  Paris  by  VanderwerfF  (unp.) 
Bacchant  i,  by  Reynolds.  Cupid  by  Pick- 
ervgill.  Market  Girl.  The  Refusal  (onp.) 
Landscape,  by  Eastlake  0,nP')  farrier's 
shop,  by  Ward  (nnp.)  Bull. baiting,  by 
Stubbs  (unp.)  Duke  of  Wellington's 
horse  Copenhagen,  by  T.  Smyth.  Da- 
nish terrier,  by  Northcote.  November 
day  on  the  Moors  imp.) 

Mr.  Say  engraved  sixteen  plates  for 
Turner's  Liber  Studiorum,  and  several 
for  Turner's  River  Scenery;  and  also  the 
following  distinct  subjects: — The  Dille- 
tanri  Society,  after  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds. 
Brigands,  after  Eastlake ;  and  the  follow- 
ing after  Fradelle Mary  Queen  of 
Scots,  Belinda,  Lady  Jane  Grey,  Othello, 
Kanboe, Queen  Elizabeth  and  Lady  Paget, 
Petrarch  and  Laura. 

In  another  number  we  hope  to  be  able 
to  give  a  complete  list  of  Mr.  Say's  works. 


Thomas  Heaphy,  Esq. 

Oct.  23.  In  bis  60th  year,  Mr.  Thomas 
Heaphy,  painter  in  water  colours. 

He  was  brought  up  as  an  engraver,  but 
soon  devoted  himself  to  water-colour 
painting,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  mem- 
bers of  the  old  Water-colour  Society. 
He  was,  however,  a  somewhat  intractable 
roan ;  for  be  was  always  opposed  to  the 
Royal  Academy,  soon  seceded  from  the 
Water-colour  Society,  and,  after  lending 
a  willing  hand  to  the  establishment  of  the 
Society  of  British  Artists,  of  which  be 
was  the  first  President,  he  almost  imme- 
diately withdrew  from  it. 

In  the  early  part  of  his  career,  Mr. 
Heaphy  enjoyed  more  patronage  than  any 
artist  of  the  day,  excepting,  perhaps, 
Lawrence.  His  principal  pictures  are 
two  of  Fishmarkets,  A  Blind  Man  so- 
liciting alms,  The  Cheat  at  Cards,  The 
Sore  Leg,  Juvenile  Poachers,  &c.  Many 
of  bis  productions  eertainly  depicted 
scenes  of  low,  or  rather  vulgar,  life,  the 
truth  of  which  only  rendered  them  more 
disgusting.  Neither  picturesque  nor 
grand,  as  gypsies  or  banditti,  the  cadave- 
rous groupes  of  a  midnight  cellar  were 
rather  repulsive  than  admirable. 

From  this  path,  however,  he  directed 
his  attention  to  a  more  profitable  source ; 
and  turned  his  talents  from  the  purlieus 
of  St.  Giles's  to  the  more  elegant  inhabit- 
ants of  the  precincts  of  St.  James's. 
Among  bis  best  portraits  were  Princess 
1  Charlotte,  Prince  Leopold,  and  Queen 


Caroline,  to  whom  he  was  appointed 
Portrait  Painter  in  Ordinary;  and  n  large 
picture  containing  portraits  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  and  about  fifty  field  officers, 
the  print  of  which  is  well  known. 

In  1831  he,  for  the  first  time,  visited 
Italv;  where  be  mode  many  admirable 
copies  from  the  most  celebrated  works  of 
art.  This  may  be  considered  as  the  close 
of  his  professional  life. 

Mr.  Heaphy  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of 
talent.  He  studied  nature ;  and  his 
works  possess  much  simplicity  and  truth, 
delicacy  of  colouring,  and  appropriate  ex- 
pression But  his  talent  was  by  no 
means  exclusively  confined  to  art ;  he  was 
equally  at  home,  if  quarrying  for  stone, 
or  constructing  a  pleasure-boat,  or  build- 
ing a  bouse,  or  devising  an  improved 
axle,  or  laying  down  a  railway.  Those 
who  knew  him  in  private  life,  bear  testi- 
mony to  his  worth,  and  say  he  had  many 
peculiarities,  but  few  faults.  —  (Athe- 


Joszph  Box  sou,  Esq. 

Nov.  13.  In  Salisbury-square,  Fleet- 
street,  aged  67,  Joseph  Bonsor,  esq.  of 
Polesden,  Surrey. 

This  gentleman  was  the  founder  of  his 
own  fortune.  He  was  born  at  Retford, 
in  Nottinghamshire,  and  served  his  time 
to  a  bookseller  and  printer  in  that  town. 
On  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship 
be  came  up  to  London,  with  a  strong  re- 
commendation to  Mr.  Walter,  father  to 
the  present  member  for  Berkshire,  which 
shortly  led  to  his  undertaking  to  supply 
the  paper  on  which  the  Times  was  printed, 
and  which  he  continued  to  do-  for  some 
years.  About  the  year  1796  he  com- 
menced business  as  a  wholesale  stationer 
in  Salisbury-square,  and  by  continued  at- 
tention to  the  concern,  as  well  as  by'st  rictly 
upright,  liberal  and  honourable  conduct, 
soon  placed  it  umongst  the  first  wholesale 
houses  in  the  trade.  His  prosperity  and 
success  in  life,  however,  never  interferes! 
with  his  accustomed  attention  to  busi- 
ness; but  his  prospects  still  continuing  to 
brighten,  about  the  year  1818  he  purchased 
of  Charles  Sheridan,  esq.  son  of  the  cele* 
bra  ted  R.  B.  Sheridan,  about  320  acres 
of  the  estate  of  Polesden,  in  Surrey, 
where  he  first  built  a'snug  farm-house  and 
buildings,  and  a  few  years  subsequently 
erected  a  handsome  mansion  on  the  site 
of  the  old  dwelling,  taken  down  by  the 
late  R.  B.  Sheridan. 

The  situation  on  which  the  house  is 
placed  is  most  beautiful,  commanding  a  dis- 
tant view  of  Box-hill  on  the  left,  and  a  home 
prospect,  a  natural  amphitheatre,  as  lovely 
as  can  well  be  imagined.  Here  Mr.  Bon- 
sor used,  during  the  summer  months,  to 
retire,  at  the  end  of  the  week,  to  enjoy  its 


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Obituary.- 


with  his  family  cod  friends,  and  - 

a  more  delightful  spot  in  which  to  partake 
of  the  pleasures  of  retirement  it  is  impos- 
sible to  imagine.  The  grounds  are  pic-  < 
turesque,  and  laid  out  with  great  taste, 
and  a  terrace  walk  of  1200  feet  in  length, 
protected  from  the  north  by  a  lofty  row 
of  beeches,  renders  it  one  of  the  most 
pleasant  parades  which  can  well  be  con. 
ceived;  and  which  Admiral  Sir  W.Geary, 
when  he  occupied  the  place,  and  whose 
property  it  bad  once  been,  used  to  call  bis 
4  quarter  deck.' 

To  his  family,  and  to  those  friends  with 
whom  he  was  more  particularly  upon 
terms  of  intimacy,  Mr.  Bonsors  low  is 
in  reparable.  He  was  uniformly  most  kind 
and  affectionate  to  the  one,  and  always 
hospitable  and  attentive  to  the  other,  and 
he  will  be  long  sincerely  lamented  and 


%  Esq. 


[Dee; 


Oct. 


regretted;  and  by  none,  out  of  the  family, 
more  than  by  the  writer  of  this  article. 

Mr.  Bonsor  has  left  a  widow,  about  his 
own  age,  a  son  and  a  daughter,  to  lament 
the  great  loss  they  have  sustained  in  bis 
sudden  decease,  occasioned  by  ossification 
of  the  heart.  His  son  was  some  time 
since  called  to  the  bar,  and  bis  daughter  is 
married  to  Mr.  M.  Orme,  of  Doctors' 
Commons. 

DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Sept.  25.  Aged  23,  Mr.  Edw.  Graves, 
of  King  William-street,  printsellcr,  late 
of  the  house  of  Moon,  Boys,  and  Graves. 
His  judgment  in  engravings,  both  ancient 
and  modern,  was  excellent ;  and  his 
pleasing  manners  obtained  him  general 
esteem. 

Oct.  18.  In  the  New  North- road,  aged 
32,  Mr.  James  Harbour  Bull,  of  the  Six 
Clerks'  Office. 

Oct.  20.  At  Chelsea,  Anne,  relict  of 
T.Attkins,  esq.  of  Langley- bouse,  Bucks. 

Oct.  22.    In  the  Avenue-road,  Re* 

Stent's  Park,  aged  45,  G.  Ripley,  esq. 
burth  son  of  the  late  J.  R.  Ripley,  esq. 
of  Clspham  common. 

Win.  Broke 1 1 brow,  esq.  late  of  Queen, 
square,  Bath. 

Oct.  24.  In  Bury-street,  aged  80,  Capt. 
Henry  Barwell.  He  was  made  Lieut. 
1780,  Commander  1802,  post  Captain 
1812.  His  wife  died  at  Dorchester  in 
1815. 

At  Clapham-eotnmon,  aged  87,  S. 
Lawford,  esq.  one  of  the  Court  of  As- 
sistants of  the  Society  of  Apothecaries. 

Aged  33,  Jonathan  Williams,  esq.  of 
Cbapel-street,  Grosvenor-place ;  second 
son  of  Isaac  Lloyd  Williams,  esq.  of  Lin- 
coln's inn,  and  of  Cwmcynfelin,  Car- 


h  23. '  In"  Ken  t  -  terrace,  Rege  n  f«- 
J.  Powell,  eso.  of  Lloyd's,  occa- 
sioned by  a  fall  from  his  horse. 

At  Earl's -court,  Old  Brampton,  aged 
27,  Funny,  wife  of  R.  Gunter,  esq. 

Aged  GO,  Thomas  Passe)',  e«q.  one  of 
the  Cashiers  of  the  Bank  of  England. 

Oct.  26.  A  t  Camberwell,  Lady  Knight, 
widow  of  Adm.  Sir  John  Knight, 
K.C.B. 

At  Norwood,  Middlesex,  Joseph  Ro- 
bins, esq.  son  of  the  late  John  Robins, 
esq  formerly  a  celebrated  auctioneer,  of 
Regent-street. 

Oct.  27.  At  Fulham,  aged  C6,  W. 
Howard,  esq. 

In  the  Edgeware-road,  James  Barry, 
esq.  second  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Barry, 
formerly  of  Bristol  Hotwells. 

Oct.  28.  In  Upper  Wim pole-street, 
aged  85,  the  Lady  Frances  Henrietta 
Fitzwilliam,  last  surviving  child  of  Wil- 
liam first  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  and  aunt  to 
the  present  Earl. 

Oct.  29.  Ia  Charlotte-street,  Blooms, 
bury,  in  her  80th  year,  Sarah,  relict  of 
Col.  Wyndham,  Coldstream  Guards. 

In  Eaton -square,  in  bis  63d  year,  Ro- 
bert Lukin,  esq.  First  Clerk  in  the  War 
Office.  He  was  the  second  sou  of  the 
Very  Rev.  G.  W.  Lukin,  Dean  of  Wells, 
(balf-brotber  to  the  Right  Hon.  William 
Windham),  and  was  brother  to  the  late 
Rear- Adm.  Lukin.  He  married  in  1809, 
Catharine,  dau.  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel 
Hallifax,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph. 

Oct.  30.  At  Chelsea,  in  his  68th  year, 
Richard  Draper,  esq  late  of  the  Navy 
Pay  Office. 

In  White-cross-street  prison,  aged  72, 
Henry  Charles  Grainger,  esq.  formerly  a 
partner  in  the  bank  of  Messrs.  Birch, 
Chambers,  and  Co.  of  New  Bond-street. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  64,  Thomas 
Francis,  esq. 

Oct.  31.  In  Lamb's  Conduit-street, 
aged  59,  Francis  Benjamin  Bedwell,  esq. 
senior  Registrar  of  the  High  Court  of 


Nov.  1.  In  Delahay-street,  Westmins- 
ter, aged  80,  Mrs.  Catherine  Fallofeild, 
late  of  Scotland -yard. 

Nov.  2.  At  Peckham-rye,  aged  50, 
John  Akerman,  eaq.  lather  of  J.  Y. 
Akerman,  esq.  F.S.A.  the  author  of  se- 
veral useful  works  on  Coins. 

J.  W.  Wardell,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the 
late  John  Wardell,  esq.  of  Whitburn 
West-house,  Durham. 

Nov.  4.  In  Cadogan  place,  aged  84, 
Fanny,  widow  of  John  Brickwood,  esq. 
ot  Addiscombe,  Croydon. 

Nov.  5.  In  the  Edgeware-road,  aged 
,  Jane,  relict  of  William  Baker,  esq.  of 


75, 

Windsor. 


Digitized  by  Google 


M  ^rttth^w,  Clmiiolte,  Ihinl  dat<.af 
tb«  Jate  >JL*ttbew  Holland,  esq.  of  Suck- 

rille-street. 

Itt  Hauover -street,  in  his  29c  b  year, 
Lieut  the  Hon.  John  Forbes,  of  the  79th 
rqg.  fcurth  sou  of  General  Lord  Forbes. 

In  Welbeck- street,  aged  55.  Sir  David 
Barry,  3d.  D.  He  was  for  MKfie  years  in 
the  mescal  department  of  the  army,  ori- 
ginally, we  believe,  in  the  Portuguese  ■ 
service.  Latterly  be  had  been  a  good 
deal  employed  by  government  in  investi- 
gating the  subject  of  epidemic  diseases 
particularly  yellow  fever  and  cholera,  in 
regard  to  the  latter  of  which  he  was  a 
strong  eontagiooist.  He  has  left  a  widow 
and  family. 

At  Newington -butts,  in  her  95th  year, 
Rebecca,  relict  of  William  Brodrick, 
esq,  and  mother  of  the  late  William  Bro- 
derirk,  esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  barrister, 
st -law. 

AW.  6.  At  Brompton,  John  Brown, 
ing,  esq. 

Nov.  7.  In  the  Wands  worth -road,  aged 
78,  Louisa,  relict  of  T.  Deacle,  esq  of 
Sunning. 

Thomas  Westrop,  esq.  of  North  Bank, 
Regent's  park. 

Nov.  8.  In  the  Strand,  aged  21,  Chas. 
Biewster  Twining,  second  son  of  George 
Twining*  esq. 

\'int.  9.  Alexander  Cosmo  Ormc,  esq. 
of  the  Inner  Temple,  solicitor.  He  had 
recently  married  the  daughter  of  J.  F. 
Proud,  esq.  of  Wolverhampton. 

In  ^London,  aged  60,  Henry  Newman, 
esq.  of  Catheriue-bill  house,  near  Wor- 
cester, a  member  of  the  Society  or  Friends. 
He  might  be  considered  the  founder  of 
the  Worcester  Visiting  Society  and  the 
Friendly  Institution,  to  both  ol  which,  as 
well  us  to  other  institutions,  he  devoted 
much  of  his  time.  While  resident  in 
London,  the  improvement  of  prison  dis- 
cipline was  a  prominent  object  of  his  at- 
tention, and  the  gentleman  commissioned 
by  Government  a  few  years  ago  to  pro- 
ceed to  America,  to  gain  a  knowledge  of 
the  prison  discipline  adopted  in  the  United 
States  aelected  Air.  Newman  as  his  com- 
panion and  coadjutor  in  the  inquiry.  His 
exertions  while  in  America  were  too  much 
for  his  constitution,  which  received  a 
sbork  it  never  completely  overcame. 

Nov.  II.  In  Tower-street,  aged  66, 
Mr.  J  W.  Goss,  late  of  Tcigiunouth. 

Nov.  154.  In  the  Middle  Temple,  aged 
76,  James  Raymond,  esq.  one  of  the 
BeiK'hera  ot  that  society.    He  was  called 
to  the  bar  iu  17fc>8>  and  practised  as  a  con 
veyancer. 

At  Deptford,  aged  73,  Mr.  Henry  Ver- 
vine.  tor  some  years  a  respectable  school  - 
master  in  that  town. 

Nov.  15.  At  Streatbam,  aged  72,  Alex- 


G6» 


ander  Mac  Doagall,  esq.  late  ot 

m«nt-street,  solicitor.  '  « 

At  Dalston,  aged  63,  Mr.  Joseph 
Poche. 

Aged  43,  Emma-Mary,  wife  of  W.  A. 
Mackinnon,  esq.  of  Newtown  Park, 
M,  P.  for  Lymington.  She  was  the  only 
dau.  and  sole  heiress  of  Joseph  Bud- 
worth  Palmer,  esq.  of  Rush  house,  CO. 
Dublin,  and  Palmeraton,  co.  Mayo;  was 
married  in  1812,  and  was  the  mother  of 
six  children.  At  the  time  of  her  marriage 
she  was  considered  one  of  the  handsomest 
women  and  one  of  the  greatest  heiresses 
in  the  kingdom.  A  biographical  account 
of  her  lather  is  given  in  the 
Magazine  for  Dec.  1815. 

Nov*  16.  Iu  Dorset-sq.  Col. 
ton,  E.  I.  service. 

In  Green -at.  Gmsvenor-sq.  Charlotte 
Amelia,  only  child  of  the  late  Sir  Richard 
Gain  on,  Bart,  by  Lady  Amelia  Murrav, 
aunt  to  the  present  Duke  of  Atholl. 

At  Hampstead,aged  7si,  Charles  Cook- 
ney,  esq.  ot  Castle-street,  Holborn. 

In  West. square,  Southward  in  bee 
30tbyear,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Wm.  Henry 
Black,  esq.  Sub- Commissioner  of  Public 
Records. 

In  Buckingham-it.  Wm.  Parkins,  esq. 
of  Cberfield  Lodge,  Herts. 

In  Sherrard -street,  Piccadilly,  James 
Smith,  esq.  Deputy  Storekeeper  of  his 
Majesty's  Ordnance  at  the  Island  of  St. 
Vincent. 

Nov.  17.  Aged  35,  Frances  Ann,  the 
wife  of  E.  Younge,  esq.  of  the  Middle 
Temple. 

Mary,  widow  of  Col.  Skeene. 

Nov.  18.  At  Chelsea,  Anne,  widow  of 
Edmund  Antrobus,  esq.  of  the  Strand. 

In  Albemarle-st.  in  her  80th  year,  Ka- 
t  hi  nine,  relict  of  Samuel  Harvey,  esq.  of 
Sandwich. 

At  Streatbam,  Thomas  Golden,  esq. 

AW.  24.  In  Great  Queen-street,  Lin- 
coln's Inn  Fields,  aged  46,  Air.  Edward 
Evans,  the  well-known  printseller.  He 
was  bred  up  as  a  compositor,  in  the  print- 
ing-office of  Messrs.  Nichols  and  Son ; 
and  at  an  early  age  was  selected  by  them 
as  an  efficient  Reader.  But,  having 
saved  some  little  money,  be  established 
himself  as  a  Printseller,  in  which  business 
his  industry  had  more  scope,  and  for 
some  years  he  has  contributed  to  the 
pleasure  of  many  literary  persons,  fond  of 
illustrating  their  collections  with  addi- 
tional Prints,  as  at  his  well-stored  shop 
they  were  almost  sure  to  find  what  they 
might  want.  Mr.  Evans  was  a  very 
amiable,  good-tempered  man ;  and  will 
be  much  regretted.  He  has  left  a  widow 
and  family,  who  will  be  enubled,  we  hope, 
to  carry  on  his  business  with 


Digitized  by  Google 


664 


Obituary. 


[Dec. 


Berks. — Oct.  29.  At  Windsor,  aged 
84,  Jane,  relict  of  James  Baverstock,  esq. 
of  Alton,  formerly  a  partner  in  the  ori- 
ginal firm  of  Ram  shot  torn  and  Baver- 
stock, of  that  place.  She  was  the  only 
child  of  the  Key.  John  Hinton,  for  56 
years  Rector  of  Cbawton.  in  Hampshire, 
py  Martha,  daughter  and  heir  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Hinton,  Rector  of  Sheer- 
ing, Essex,  through  whom  she  was  the 
sole  representative  of  the  ancient  families 
of  the  Botelers  of  Essex,  the  Hintons  of 
Newbury,  (be  Martins  of  Witney  and 
Ensham,  and  the  Knights  of  Cbawton 
and  Lyminster.  (See  "  Some  Account  of 
Maidstone,"  1832,  p.  16.) 

Xov.  6.  At  Wallingford,  aged 56,  Mr. 
W.  B.  Sheen,  for  thirty  years  a  solicitor 
in  that  town. 

Nov.  12.  At  Reading,  Augusta,  wife 
of  John  Prettejohn,  esq-  of  Barbadoes, 
and  late  of  Harehatch,  in  this  county. 

Nov.  16.  At  Newbury,  aged  46,  Clara, 
wife  of  J.  Bunnev,  esq. 

Xov.  19.  At  the  Earl  of  Abingdon's, 
Wytham,  Harriett,  third  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  General  Thomas  Gage. 

Bucks. — Nov.  9.  At  East  Burn  ham 
House,  in  her  93rd  year,  Elizabeth,  wi- 
dow of  Charles  Coxe,  esq.  of  Kemble, 
Wilts,  eldest  dau.  and  cob.  of  the  late 
Cbas.  Eyre,  esq.  of  East  Burnham. 

Chester.— Nov.  13.  Aged  68,  Tho- 
mas Lowndes,  esq.  of  Macclesfield,  for. 
merly  of  London,  merchant. 

Cumberland. — Oct.  8.  At  Bowscar, 
William  Youngson,  esq.  late  Lieut.- Col. 
£.  I.  service. 

Devon.—  Oct.  24.  At  Plymouth 
Dock,  Capt.  John  Thomas,  R.  M. 

Oct.  29.  At  Exeter,  Eliza- Archange, 
widow  of  Major  Wallen,  20th  drag. 

Nov,  5.  At  Milverton,  Miss  Agassis, 
only  dau.  of  Capt.  Agasbiz,  R.  N.  of 
Exeter. 

Nov.  8.  Aged  77,  Charles  Potbury, 
esq.  late  senior  landing  waiter  of  H.  M. 
Customs,  Plymouth. 

Nov.  10.  At  Exeter,  Mrs.  Perring,  of 
Saltertou,  relict  of  Peter  Perring,  esq. 
of  Mem  bland  House,  Devon,  and  sister 
to  Henry  Manning,  esq.  of  Winford 
House,  Heavitree. 

Dorset. — Nov.  4.  At  Poole,  aged  70, 
Robert  Were,  esq. 

Nov.  12.  At  Admiston,  James  Gould 
Balaton,  esq. 

At  Weymouth,  Maria,  widow  of  T. 
Green  way,  esq.  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Henry  Foot,  esq.  of  Berwick  St.  John. 

Durham. — Oct.  20.  At  Barnard  Castle, 
Jane,  widow  of  J.  Hatihy,  esq.  Capt. 
R.N.  of  East  Wood,  Yorkshire. 

Oct.  27.  At  Darlington,  aged  74, 
Frances,  relict  of  Rev.  Henry  Hardinge, 
13 


Rector  of  Stanhope.  She  was  the  dau. 
of  James  Best,  esq.  of  Chatham,  was 
married  June  4>  1779.  and  was  mother 
of  the  present  Rev.  Sir  Charles  Hard- 
inge,  Bart,  the  celebrated  Capt.  George 
Hardinge,  R.  N  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Henry 
Hardinge,  K.C  B.  five  other  sons  and 
five  daughters. 

Gloucester. — Feb.  15.  At  Chelten- 
ham, aged  39,  David  Pennant,  jun.  esq. 
of  Downing,  co.  Flint,  son-in-law  of  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough  and  of  the  Earl 
of  Cardigan.  He  married  first,  June  21, 
1822,  Lady  Caroline  Spencer- Churchill, 
only  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Marlbo- 
rough— she  died  Jan.  10,  1824 ;  and  se- 
condly, Oct.  10,  1827,  Lady  Emma 
Brudenell,  third  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Cardigan,  and  sister  to  the  Countess 
Howe,  Countess  of  Chichester,  Lady 
Bingham,  &c. 

Oct.  12.  At  Nortbleacb,  aged  70,  Ann, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  T.  Wilkinson,  Vicar. 

Oct.  14.  At  Filton  rectory,  Harriott, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Poulden. 

Oct.  21.  At  Clifton,  aged  76,  Mary, 
relict  of  Samuel  Perry,  esq.  formerly  of 
Barbadoes. 

Oct.  22.  At  Clifton,  aged  81,  the 
widow  of  George  Merrick,  esq. 

Oct  24.  At  Clifton,  aged  80,  Catherine- 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  James  Scott,  esq.  of 
Willsborougb,  co.  Londonderry. 

Catherine,  wife  of  C.  O.  Cambridge, 
esq.  of  Whitminster  house. 

At  Cheltenham,  the  widow  of  the 
Rev.  William  Horton,  ALA.  of  Sc 
Mary's,  Rochdale. 

Oct.  28.  At  Wickwar,  at  the  house 
of  bis  son-in-law  the  Rev.  Dr.  Reea, 
James  Randolph,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Bath. 

Nov.  6.  Capt.  Windev,  many  years 
Adjutant  of  the  North  Gloucester  Mili- 
tia, and  Governor  of  the  House  of  Cor- 
rection  at  Horsley. 

Nov.  7.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  56, 
Lucy,  wife  of  W.  Holbech,  esq.  of  Farn- 
borougb,  Warwick. 

Lately.  At  Cheltenham,  Emma,  wife  of 
Thos.  D.  Whatley,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

At  Cheltenham,  Alexander  Boswell, 
esq.  late  first  member  of  the  Medical 
Board  at  Madras. 

Hants—  Oct.  29.  At  Worthy  Park, 
aged  47,  much  regretted  by  her  family 
and  friends,  Eliza,  wife  of  Samuel  Wail, 
esq. ;  she  was  the  second  remaining  dau. 
and  cob.  of  the  late  John  Binns,  esq. 
banker,  of  Leeds.  Her  body  was  in- 
terred in  Winchester  cathedral. 

Xov.  7.  At  Christcburcb,  the  wife  of 
the  Rev.  W.  F.  Burrows. 

Nov.  12.  At  Hyde,  aged  48,  David 
Stark,  esq.  late  of  the  Ceylon  Civil  Ser- 
vice. 


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A  t  Basingstoke,  aged  43> 


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At  McTIs  rectory,  aged  9G, 
rel,  third  duu.  or  the  Rev. 


A'm?.  15.       A t  Basingstoke,  aged  13,  AW.  I. 

Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  J.  C.  Sbebbeare,  Lucy  Pucarel,  tliird  dau 

«*q^  John  Frederick  Doveton. 

Kknt.  —  Oct.   14.   By  Iieing  thrown  .   Xov.  3.    At  Bath,  aged  64,  Lieut. -col. 

from  horseback  into  a  chalk-pit,  Frcdti-  John  Ba.^ot,  late  of  Nurney,  co.  Kildare. 

rick  Hannam,  esq.  of  Allan  Court,  in  the  At  Wells,  aged  Go,  Sarah,  widow 
Isle  of  Thanet,  son  of  George  Hannam, 


esq.  of  BmmHtone-house,  near  Margate 
(Jet.  19.    At  Broadstairs,  Grace,  wife 

of  R.  Alexander,  esq.  of  Gloucester-pi. 
X'ov.  1.    At  Heme -bay,  Mary,  wife  of 

C.  Danvcrs,  esq  of  Dorset-square. 


V       if  vile,    (ifp  v         \J\J,     >  mi  iii',      ii  i'iun 

of  William  Irving,  esq,  of  JMellifont 
abbey. 

Noo,  1.  At  Taunton,  Thomas  Pbip- 
pen,  aged  104.  He  drove  the  first  post- 
chaise  introduced  at  that  town,  at  the 
Sugar  Loaf  inn,  then  kept  by  Cann,  and 


Xov,  3,     At  Tunbridge  Wells,  in  his    now  an  humble  public  house  at  the  east- 


ern entrance  to  Ca  nn's  Field. 

Nov.  8.  Col.  Shapland,  of  Romwell, 
near  Taunton. 

Xov.  10.  At  Bath,  William  Rogers, 
esq.  late  of  Southampton. 

Xov.  10.    At  Whatley,  aged  GO,  John 


00th  year,  James  Fenning,  esq. 

Xov.  8.     Aged  73,  Ricbard  Walter 
Forbes,  esq.  of  Rolvenden. 

Xov.  12.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  aged 
60,  J.  Maclaehlaii,  esq.  late  Lieut- Col. 
Royal  Artillery. 

Xov.  16.    At  Broadstairs,  Jane,  relict  Albion  Shore,  esq 

of  Tbomas  Forsyth,  esq.  Stafford. — Xov.  13.   Henry,  second 

Lancaster. —  Ixttcly.    At  Whalley-  son  of  John  Davenport,  esq.  M.P.  for 

abbey,  aged  37,  W.  Whi taker,  esq.  son  of  Stoke-upon- Trent.   This  gentleman  was 

the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Whitaker,  of  Holme.  hunting,  und  on  leaping  over  a  stone  wall 

Middlesex. — Sept.  26.   At  Twicken-  his  horse  fell,  and  rolled  upon  him.  He 

ham,  aged  73,  Catharine,  widow  of  the  never  revived,  nor  even  spoke  after  the 

Rev.  Charles  Proby,  rector  of  Stanwick,  accident. 

Northamptonshire.  Suffolk. — July  ...    At  an  advanced 

Oct.  20.    At  Hampton  Court,  aged  82,  age,  Mr.  Isaac  Johnson,  surveyor,  of 

the  widow  of  Admiral  Bowater,  and  mo-  Woodbridge.     He    was    a    very  neat 

ther  of  Col.  Bowater,  of  the  Guards.  draughtsman,  and   had  drawn  all  the 

Xov.  8.     At  Enfield  Chase-side,  aged  churches,  and  various  other  antiquities, 

85,  J.  Stable,  esq.  of  Suffolk  ;  several  sets  of  which  lie  dis- 

Monmouth. — Aged  85,  John  Watkins,  posed  of  to  persons  of  antiquarian  taste, 

esq.  of  Pwll-bouse.  Monmouthshire.  He  was  attacked  with  apoplexy  in  the 

Norfolk. — lately.   At  Tottingstone,  open  fields,  where  he  remained  more  than 

ed  42,  Catharine,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  a  day  incapable  of  moving ;  and  having 

.  Bull.  been  found  and  taken  to  a  house,  he  did 


t 

At   Coltishall,  aged  17,  Miss  Try- 

Jhena  Bathurst,  granddaughter  of  the 
»ord  Bishop  of  Norwich. 
%  Noutiiampton. — Xov.  4.   While  on  a 
visit  at  the  residence  of  his  son  Henry, 
at  Northampton,  Cecil  Becke,  esq.  of 
Bevonshire-st.  Queen-square,  solicitor. 

Oxox.__ Sept.  11.  Fiennes  Trotman, 
esq.  of  Bucknell,  and  of  Siston  Court, 
Gloucestershire.  He  was  of  Christ- 
church,  M.  A.  June  13,  1811. 

Oct.  30.  At  Bloxham,  in  his  80th  year, 
John  Davis,  esq.  He  was  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Davis,  formerly  vicar  of  that 


not  long  survive. 

Xov.  5.  At  Haughley  park,  William 
Crawford,  esq. 

Si-RHF.Y. — Sept.  14.  At  Tooting,  Chris- 
tiana,  wife  of  Rear-Adm.  E.  s.  Dick- 
son. 

Xov.  6.  Aged  64,  Eliza,  widow  of 
Henry  Wright,  esq.  of  Ham  common. 
At  Dorking,  Jumes  Stevens,  esq. 
Sussex — (Jet.  22.  At  St.  Leonard's, 
aged  40,  Emily,  wife  of  W.  Parish,  esq. 
formerly  his  Majesty's  Charge  d' A /Tain  s 
at  Buenos  Ayres. 

Oet.  23.  At  Petworth,  aged  71,  Wm. 


parish,  and  was  for  many  years  steward  Tyler,  esq. 

to  the  late  Rev.  F.  Annesley  of  Eydon,  Oct.  25.  At  Hastings,  aged  26,  Cbar- 

and  to  Sir  Cbas.  Knightley,  of  Fawsley ;  lotte,  the  wife  of  Major  Willock,  and  the 

and  was  highly  esteemed  for  his  abilities  only  child  of  the  Rev.  J.  R.  R.  Combs, 

*»  a  land-valuer  and  Commissioner  of  of  Sparkes,  Rolvenden. 

lnclosures.  Warwick — Oct.  26.  At  West  Brom- 

Xov.  1.  William  Perfect,  esq.  B.A.  of  wich,  aged  76,  A.  Kenrick,  esq. 

Magdalen  hall,  Oxford.  Xov.  10.    Elizabeth,  wife  of  T.  C. 

Somerset. — Oet.  19.    At  Bath,  at  an  Raybould,  esq.  of  Comber  house,  and  of 

advanced  age,  the  widow  of  Jarvis  House,  Kinfare,  Staffordshire. 


esq.  of  Warminster. 

Lately.—  At  Bath,  Cuthbert  Eden, 
M.D.  of  Durham. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Wilts.— Oct.  13.  At  Salisbury,  aged 
63,  Wadham  Wyndham,  esq.  lAte  of 
Tbelbridge,  Devon,  3d  son  of  the  late 

4  Q 


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066 


Obituary. 


[Dec. 


Win.  Wyndham,  esq.  and  brother  to 
Wm,  Wyndham,  esq.  of  Dinton. 

Oct.  21.  At  Rowd  Ford  house,  aged 
55,  Wadham  Locke,  esq.  M.  P.  for  that 
borough,  and  Captain  of  the  Devizes 
troop  of  yeomanry  cavalry.  He  was  a 
banker  in  Devizes,  for  which  place  be  had 
sat  on  Whig  principles  since  the  general 
election  in  Jan.  1832. 

Oct.  27.  Aged  71,  Lieut.- Colonel 
Warneford,  of  Warneford -place,  whose 
known  integrity  and  undeviating  princi- 
ples gained  him  the  respect  and  regard 
of  a  large  acquaintance;  and  whose  me- 
mory will  long  be  cherished  by  those  who 
have  lost  a  good  landlord,  a  kind  master, 
an  indulgent  husband,  and  an  affectionate 
parent,  and  who  during  an  active  life  sup- 
ported, with  strict  propriety,  the  valuable 
character  of  a  country  gentleman. 

Xov.  11.  At  Langford,  aged  76,  Henry 
Swayne,  esq. 

Worcester. — Xov.  7.  Near  Worces- 
ter, aged  77,  Mr.  W.  Thorn,  formerly  an 
Alderman  of  Kidderminster. 

Yorkshire.  — Sept.  25.  At  Langton 
Hall,  near  Malton,  in  her  71th  year,  Ann, 
relict  of  Thomas  Noreliffe,  esq.  only  child 
of  the  late  William  Wilson,  esq.  of  Aller- 
ton  Gledhow. 

Xov.  8.  At  Went  worth  House,  aged 
23,  the  Right  lion.  William- Charles 
Viscount  Milton,  eldest  son  of  Earl  Fitz- 
william,  M.  P.  for  Northamptonshire 
(North).  He  was  elected  to  Parliament 
for  Malton  at  the  general  election  of  1832, 
and  succeeded  to  the  representation  of 
Northamptonshireon  his  father's  accession 
to  the  Earldom  in  Feb.  1833.  He  was  a 
good  speaker,  and  maintained  the  reputa- 
tion of  his  family  not  only  in  the  political 
arena,  but  as  the  advocate  of  religion  and 
charity.  He  married  in  1833  Lady  Selina 
Jenkinson,  2d  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Liver- 
pool, who  is  expected  to  give  birth  to  a 
posthumous  child. 

Xov.  15.  At  Bawtry,  aged  80,  the 
dowager  Viscountess  Galway.  She  was 
Mary  Bridget,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Pemberton  Milnes,  of  Wakefield,  esq. 
was  married  first  in  1775  to  Peter  Auriol 
HHy  Drummond,  esq.  (uncle  to  the  present 
Earl  of  Kinnoulj  who  died  in  1799;  and 
secondly  she  became  the  second  wife  of 
Robert  1th  Viscount  Galway,  K.B.  who 
died  in  1810.  She  bad  no  issue  by  either 
marriage. 

Xov.  17.  At  the  Retreat,  near  York, 
aged  M»  William  Stockdale,  esq.  of  Kirk- 
land  and  Oulton  Hall,  Cumberland. 

Scotland.— Oct.  30.  At  Edinburgh, 
George  Robertson  Scott,  esq.  of  Ben- 
holm. 

Oct.  21.  At  Edinburgh,  Miss  Ma- 
tilda Marjoribanks,  daughter  of  the  late 


E.  Marjoribanks,  esq.  of  Lees,  Ber- 
wickshire. 

Lately.  —  At  Lame,  Lieut.  Ch.  H. 
Marshall,  R.  N.  Chief  Officer  of  Coa*t 
guard. 

At  Elgin,  aged  80,  Capt.  John  Roy, 
late  of  6th  Vet.  Batt 

At  Portobello,  Capt.  John  Ogilvy, 
late  of  81st  foot. 

In  Edinburgh,  aped  106,  Widow  Grant, 
who  lived  in  a  small  dark  room  of  a  low 
Louse  in  M on teitb's- close.  High  street, 
for  the  last  seventy  years.  About  ten 
years  ago  6he  regained  her  sight,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  read  her  Bible  without  spec- 
tacles. 

Ireland.  —  Lately.  At  Fermoy,  So- 

Shia,  wife  of  the  Rev.  William  Butler, 
au.  of  the  late  Rev.  St.  George  Cotter. 
At  Dublin,  aged  81,  Capt.  Every  Car- 
miehael,  formerly  of  the  1th  dragoons. 

At  Dublin,  aged  101,  the  widow  of  Ro- 
bert Colvill,  esq.  of  Yougbal. 

At  Kingstown,  the  wife  of  R.  Dame*, 
esq.  niece  to  Arthur  Hume,  of  Dublin, 
and  grand-niece  to  the  late  Earl  of  Ma- 
cartney. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Fitzgerald,  formerly 
P.  P.  of  the  parishes  or  Miltown  and 
Lystrie,  co.  Kerry.  He  has  bequeathed 
5800/.  for  charitable  purposes  specified  in 
his  will,  and  the  residue  of  bis  real  or  per- 
sonal property  in  trust  for  the  education 
of  the  poor  of  those  parishes. 

At  Newpark,  co.  Waterford,  the  feat 
of  his  uncle  Sir  John  Newport,  Wil- 
liam Newport,  esq.  He  had  been  on 
a  shooting  excursion,  and  on  his  return 
imprudently  drank  a  quantity  of  milk, 
which  almost  instantaneously  produced 
inflammation  in  his  bowels,  of  which,  after 
some  painful  struggles,  he  expired.  Mr. 
Newport  was  educated  at  Cambridge, 
where  he  exhibited  talents  of  a  high  order, 
and  was  trained  for  public  life,  chiefly 
under  the  auspices  and  guidance  of  his 
venerable  uncle,  who  adopted  him  as  his 
heir.  Some  time  ago  he  was  called  to  the 
Irish  bar,  and  was  soon  afterwards  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  Commissioners  of 
Public  Instruction. 

At  Kyle  House,  Queen's  co.  aged  90, 
R.  Steele,  esq.  the  last  Major  of  the 
Irish  Volunteers  of  1782. 

Near  the  Horse  and  Jockey,  co.  Tip- 
perary,  Mr.  T.  Smec,  a  respectable  far- 
mer, aged  115  years;  he  never  lost  but 
one  tooth,  and  retained  all  his  faculties  to 
the  last  moment  of  existence. 

Oct.  21.  At  Rathnally,  co.  Meath, 
where  be  went  for  the  recovery  of  his 
health,  Sir  John  Gibuey,  of  Brighton, 
M.D.  Physician  to  the  Sussex  County 
Hospital.  He  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  Feb.  22,  1832. 


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18350 


Obituary. 


667 


JVov.  7.  Robina,  wife  of  W.  P.  Lunell, 
esq.  of  Dublin,  daughter  of  the  late  A. 
Hawkesley,  esq. 

East  Indies. — April  21.  At  Seeun- 
derabad.  Major  Arthur  Poyntz,  45th  foot. 

May  11.  Drowned,  whilst  bathing  at 
Barrack  pore,  aged  24,  Colin  White  Tur- 
ner, esq.  late  of  Weston-super-Mare. 

May  13.  At  Cananore,  Anne,  the  wife 
of  Captain  Mark  Blaxland,  of  51st  Ma- 
dras N.  Inf. 

Afay  31 .  At  Bancoorah,  Lieut.  James 
Awdry,  55th  reg.  Bengal  N.  Inf.  junior 
assistant  to  the  Governor-general's  agent 
in  the  Ramhur  district,  eldest  surviving 
son  of  W.  H.  Awdry,  esq.  of  Chippen- 
ham. 

lately.  At  Madras,  Capt.  R.  M.  Hum- 
phreys. While  hunting  the  tiger,  he  as. 
cended  a  tree,  and  on  the  tiger  attacking 
one  of  the  men,  jumped  down,  when  the 
infuriated  beast  sprung  upon  him,  and 
killed  him  on  the  spot. 

At  Belgaum,  Capt  R.  C.  Oakley,  of 
H.  M.  23d  reg. 

July  14.   Off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
Capt.  W.  Powell,  46th  Madras  N.  I. 

West  Indies. — Sept. 20.  In  the  West 
Indies,  aged  22,  Francis  White  Mere  we- 
ther, of  his  Majesty's  ship  Rainbow,  se- 
cond son  of  Mr.  Serjeant  Merewether. 

Sept.  21.  In  the  Island  of  Barbadoes, 
of  which  he  was  a  native,  aged  60,  Ben. 
jamin  Ifill,  esq. 

Sept.  26.  At  Dominica,  W.  Hum. 
phrys,  esq.  of  his  Majesty's  Customs, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Hum- 
phrys,  of  Antigua. 

Lately.  At  Jamaica,  aged  25,  Lieut. 
Edward  Grey,  of  his  Majesty's  ship  Rain- 
t>o\v,  eldest  son  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Hereford. 

Abroad*- — July  6.  At  Quebec,  Lieut. 
Col.  George  Augustus  Eliot,  Major  of 
Brigade  to  Major- Gen.  Sir  John  Col- 
burne,  Lt.-Gov.  of  the  Canadas.  He 
was  appointed  Ensign  62d  foot  1801, 
Lieut.  1804,  Adjutant  1805,  Capt.  103d 
foot  1808,  brevet  Major  1810,  Capt.  68th 
foot  1820,  and  brevet  Lt.-Col.  1830. 

Aug.  1.  At  St.  Omer,  aged  49,  Chas. 
Harrison  Batley,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 
His  paternal  name  was  Harrison.  As  a 
member  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
he  took  the  degree  of  B.  A.  as  11th  Wran- 
gler  in  1810,  and  having  been  elected  a 
Fellowof  Catharine  hall,  proceeded  M.A. 
1813.  In  1826  he  was  elected  M.P.  for 
Beverley. 

Aug.  21.  At  Alexandria,  Cornet  J. 
E.  Lyon,  4th  dragoons. 

Sept.  11.  At  Lisbon,  aged  27,  George 
Gorges  Beresford  Lowther,  esq.  only  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Chambre  Brabazon  Pon- 
sonby  Lowtber,  A.M.  Rector  of  Orches- 


ton  St.  George,  Wilts.  The  funeral  of 
this  young  officer  was  attended  by, naval 

and  military  officers  of  the  highest  rank, 
as  well  as  the  principal  civilians  resident 
at  Lisbon. 

Sevt.  12.  At  Bordeaux,  Charles  Phi- 
lip Rose,  esq.  Reading  Clerk  and  Clerk 
of  the  Private  Committees  in  the  House 
of  Lords,  second  son  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Sir  G.  H.  Rose. 

Sept.  17.  Dr.  E.  F.  Charles  Rosen, 
muller,  Professor  of  the  Oriental  lan- 
guages at  Leipsic. 

Sept.  20.  At  Florence,  Mr.  William 
Bainbrigge,  formerly  a  partner  in  the 
house  of  Macdougall,  Son,  and  Bainbrigge, 
solicitors,  Parliament-street,  London, 

Sept.  30.  At  Geneva,  aged  45,  the 
Hon.  Sir  Charles  Gordon,  Lieut.- Colonel 
of  the  42d  Royal  Highlanders;  brother 
to  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Ensign  and  Lieut,  of  the  3d  foot 
guards  1803,  Lieut,  and  Captain  1808, 
dipt.  3d  foot  1812,  Major  2d  Greek 
Light  Infantry  1813,  brevet  Lt.- Colonel 
1815.  He  served  in  Spain  and  Portugal, 
and  in  1810  acted  as  Aide-de-Camp  to 
the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

At  Lille,  in  France,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  M.  Urbain  Lethierry,  dau.  of  R. 
Archdall,  esq.  many  years  M.P.  for  Dun- 
dalk. 

lately.  At  Nassau,  N.  P.  Lieut. 
Williams,  2d  W.  I.  regiment ;— Lieut. 
Colebrooke,  R.  N.  Stipendiary  Magis- 
trate, and  nephew  of  bis  Excellency  the 
Governor; — Capt.  Kitson,  commanding 
the  Royal  Engineeis ;— and  Dr.  Turn- 
bull. 

Near  Paris,  aged  73,  General  Boucher, 
who  served  through  all  the  French  cam- 
paigns from  1793  to  1813  and  1814  in- 
elusive,  and  was  present  at  almost  all  the 
battles  of  these  wars.  He  had,  in  the 
course  of  his  services,  more  than  twenty 
horses  Shot  under  him,  but  himself  was 
never  wounded. 

Anna  Maria  Pellegrini  Celoni,  of  the 
Philharmonic  Academy  of  Bologna.  She 
had  carried  the  art  of  song  to  perfection, 
and  even  in  youth  was  the  admiration  and 
delight  of  her  time ;  she  was  intimate 
with  Canova,  to  whom  she  dedicated  a 
work  on  the  principles  of  the  art  in  which 
she  gained  her  great  reputation. 

In  his  82d  year,  M.  Deleuze,  Hono- 
rary Librarian  at  the  Garden  of  Plants, 
the  translator  of  Darwin's  Loves  ot  the 
Plants  and  Thomson's  Seasons,  and 
author  of  some  original  works. 

Aged  45,  Henry  Arendt  Hamaker, 
Professor  of  the  Oriental  languages  at 
Leyden ;  only  a  week  after  the  death  of 
his  beloved  wife. 

In  Cuba,  Mr.  James  Dmmmond,  the 


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668  Additions 

indefatigable  botanist,  wbo  has  sent  borne 
many  interesting  plants  to  the  Glasgow 
Botanic  Garden  and  to  rarious  others. 

At  Paris,  John  Baker  Gribble,  esq.  of 
the  Old  Jewry,  one  of  the  two  sons  of 
Mr.  Gribble,  formerly  of  the  LoJig  An- 
nuity Office,  Bank  of  England. 

At  Toronto,  Upper  Canada,  aged  52, 
G.  Channbury  Hidout,  esq.  lute  Second 
Clerk  in  the  Surveyor-general's  Office ;  a 
native  of  Bristol. 


>  Obituary.  [Dec. 

Oct.  1.  At  Gibraltar,  Ensign  Charles 
Cowley,  fiGth  reg.  youngest  ton  of  S.  N. 
Cowley,  esq.  of  Park-crescent. 

On  board  his  Majesty's  ship  Caledonia, 
off  Zante,  Lieut.  Harris,  R.  N.  He 
challenged  one  of  the  midshipmen  to  go 
inside  the  main  ringing  into  the  main-top 
as  soon  as  he  would  go  outside.  When 
two-thirds  up,  he  lost  bis  bold  and  fell  on 
the  deck  upon  his  head,  and  fractured  bis 
skull  in  several  places. 


ADDITIONS  1 

Vol.  I.  p.  653. — A  beautiful  monument 
has  been  erected  to  Adm.  Sir  R.  G. 
Keats,  G.C.B.  in  the  chapel  of  Green- 
wich hospital,  at  the  expense  of  his  Ma- 
jesty. It  consists  of  a  bust  executed  by 
Chantrey,  from  a  good  picture  taken  by 
Jackson  about  twenty  years  since,  and  a 
more  recent  cart  by  Behnes.  The  grace- 
ful pedestal  is  formed  from  the  same  Holid 
piece  of  marble,  about  nine  feet  in  height. 
On  one  side  is  chiselled  the  Admiral's 
sword,  on  the  other  a  trident ;  immedi- 
ately in  front  is  the  following  inscription : 

This  Marble  is  erected  by 
King  William  IV. 
To  the  memory  of 
Adm.  Sir  Richard  Goodwin  Keats,  G.C.B., 

Governor  of  this  Hospital, 
who  was  his  Majesty's  shipmate  and 
watchmate  on  board  the  Prince  George, 
of  1 10  guns,  in  which  this  Admiral  served 
as  Lieutenant,  and  the  King  as  Midship- 
man, from  June  1779  to  November  1 7 B 1 . 
In  commemoration  of  this  early  period  of 
their  respective  careers,  the  King  desires 
also  to  record  his  esteem  for  the  ex- 
emplary character  of  a  friend,  and  his 
grateful  sense  of  the  valuable  services 
rendered  to  his  country  by  a  highly  dis- 
tinguished and  gallant  officer.  Died 
April  5,  1834,  aged  77  years." — The 
monument  was  first  opened  to  view  on 
his  Majesty's  visit,  on  the  1st  of  Juue 
last. 

Vol.  II.  p.  318. — The  following  memorial 
has  been  erected  in  Flixton  church,  Suf- 
folk :  44  In  memory  of  Alexander  Adair, 
Esq.  of  Flixton  hall  in  this  parish,  the 
lord  of  the  manor  of  Southclmham,  who 
died  the  7th  of  March  1834,  aged  91. 
Firm  and  independent  in  his  principles, 
steady  and  sincere  in  his  friendship,  of 
high  honour  and  strict  integrity,  during  a 
life  protracted  beyond  the  ordinary  lot  of 
men,  he  commanded  the  affections  of 
those  connected  with  him,  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  His 
remains  are  interred  with  those  of  his  be- 
loved wife,  in  a  vault  in  this  church." 
Arms.  Party  per  bend  Or  and  Az.  three 
hands  couped  at  the  wrist  Gules  ;  impal- 


O  OBITUARY. 

ing,  Argent,  three  lions  rampant  Gu.  a 
chief  Ax.  Crett.  On  a  helmet  and  wreath, 
A  Saracen's  head  couped,  affrontee,  Pro- 
per.    MotiO.  LOYAL  At'  MORT. 

P.  444. — A  monumental  tablet  has  been 

S laced  in  the  church  of  St.  Lawrence 
ewry,  Guildhall,  to  the  memory  of  the 
late  City  Solicitor,  William  Lewis  New- 
man, Esq.  Immediately  after  his  decease 
a  subscription  for  this  purpose  was  opened 
by  his  friends,  in  which  were  enrolled  the 
names  of  the  Lord  Mayor,  the  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  Baron  Bol- 
land,  and  many  other  distinguished  per- 
sons, who  were  all  anxious  to  assist  in 
the  affectionate  undertaking.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  inscription  :  44  William 
Lewis  Newman,  Esq.  31  years  Solicitor 
to  the  Corporation  of  London,  died  6th 
Sept.  1834,  aged  73  years.  This  tablet 
is  erected  to  his  memory  by  the  Lord 
Mayor,  many  of  the  Aldermen  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Common  Council,  City  offi- 
cers, and  other  personal  friends,  as  a  tes- 
timony of  their  admiration  of  the  profes- 
sional talent  and  unsullied  integrity  by 
which  the  performance  of  his  public  duties 
was  discharged,  as  well  as  of  the  Chris- 
tian piety  and  unostentatious  benevolence 
which  adorned  his  private  life."  The 
tablet  is  neatly  executed.  It  is  the  work 
of  Behnes,  who  is  now  engaged  in  pre- 
paring a  statue  of  the  late  Doctor  Bab- 
ington,  which  is  to  be  placed  in  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral. 

P.  G,*l. — The  pedigree  of  the  family  of 
Penn  is  mis-stated.  John  Penn,  Esq.  is 
succeeded  by  his  brother  Granville  •  but 
the  present  Richard  Penn,  Esq.  is  his 
cousin  ;  and  it  was  the  father  of  the  latter 
who  was  M.P.  for  Lancaster. 

A  beautiful  Egypto-Grecian  monument 
of  freestone  has  been  erected  in  the 
church-yard  of  lnveresk  to  the  memory 
of  Major-Gcneral  Stirling.  It  is  divided 
into  three  compartments ;  in  the  central 
of  which  is  a  sarcophagus,  on  which  rest 
the  sword,  sash,  and  hat  with  general's 
plume,  together  with  the  standard  of  the 
Bridge  of  Lodi.  On  the  plynth  is  a  co- 
ronal of  oak -leaves  and  acorns  ;  the  side 


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i  8  35.] 


Additions  to  Obituary. 


609 


compartments  having  those  of  willow. 
On  the  side  of  the  sarcophagus  is  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  by  Dr.  Moir  :  41  Sacred 
to  the  memory  of  Major-General  James 
Stirling,  late  Governor  of  Cork,  and  for 
52  years  an  officer  in  the  4S2d,  or  Royal 
Hi^hlaud  Regiment.  With  a  wing  of 
that  national  corps  he  annihilated  the 
French  Invincible*  at. the  battle  of  Alex- 
andria,  and  took  their  standard  with  his 
own  hand.  He  commanded  it  through 
the  whole  of  the  Peninsular  Wars,  and, 
after  twenty -eight  years  of  foreign  ser- 
vice, during  which  he  was  once  captured 
at  sea,  twice  wounded,  and  once  ship- 
wrecked, he  retired  in  IB  13  into  private 
life,  where,  cultivating  the  virtues  which 
adorn  the  Christian  character,  he  died, 
full  of  years  and  honour,  at  his  Villa  of 
Eakbank,  12th  December  1834.  His  re- 
mains, borne  hither  by  his  veteran  com- 
panions in  arms,  are  here  interred." 

Vol.  III.  p.  104. — A  handsome  monu- 
ment has  been  erected,  by  the  congregation, 
in  St.  Mary's  church  Hull,  to  the  memory 
of  the  Rev.  John  Scott.    It  is  in  white 
marble,  and  built  in  the  wall  to  the  left 
of  the  organ.    In  the  centre  is  a  bold 
basso-relievo  likeness  of  the  deceased, 
encircled  by  palm  branches  ;  the  likeness 
is  exceedingly  striking,  although  the  only 
guide  the  sculptor  had  was  a  black  profile, 
a  small  pencil  drawing,  and  the  sugges- 
tions of  the  friends  of  the  deceased.  The 
accessories  are  a  crown  of  glory,  unfolded 
by  the  removal  of  drapery,  a  book  opened, 
and  the  communion  vessels.  Underneath  is 
written  the  following  inscription  :  "In 
memory  of  the  Rev.  John  Scott,  M.A. 
eighteen  years  minister  of  this  parish, 
who  died  October  lti,  1834,  aged  4?  years, 
and  is  interred  within  the  communion- 
rails.   His  high  endowments  were  devoted 
to  the  great  object  of  making  full  proof 
of  his  ministry.    4  Mighty  in  the  Scrip- 
tures,' he  declared  '  the  whole  council  of 
God '  with  singular  judgment,  energy,  and 
simplicity.    As  he  preached  he  lived — 
and  as  he  lived  he  died.    To  perpetuate 
the  remembrance  of  the  fervent  piety  of 
their  pastor  and  friend,  an  affectionate 
congregation  have  erected  this  monu- 
ment."   The  sculptor  is  Mr.  T.  Loft,  of 
London,  a  native  of  Hull. — The  Commit- 
tee for  furthering  the  Subscriptions  on 
behalf  of  the  family  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Scott,  the  Commentator  on  the  Scrip- 
tares,  and  father  of  the  above,  announced 
in  July  last,  that  the  amount  then  re 
ceived  was  somewhat  less  than  2800/. 
44  This  sum,  though  considerable  in  itself, 
will  yet  be  admitted  to  be  very  inadequate 
to  benefit  no  less  than  fifteen  young  per- 
sons, (the  grand -children)  more  or  less 
unprovided  for." 


P.  219.  —  Henry  Thompson,  M.  P. 
should  be  M.D. 

P.  221,  for  Andry,  read  A  wary. 

P.  333. — Mr.  Mammatt  was  the  ma- 
naging partner  of  the  bank  at  Ashby  de 
la  Zouch,  and  steward  to  the  Marquis  of 
Hustings,  who  attended  his  funeral. 

P.  655. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Commit- 
tee for  the  erection  of  a  Memorial  to  the 
late  Lord  de  Dunstanville,  held  on  the 
4th  of  Nov.  last,  Lord  Boscawen  in  the 
chair,  it  was  resolved  that  a  subscription 
be  immediately  opened  for  the  erection  of 
a  Pillar  or  other  conspicuous  object  on 
Carnbrea  hill;  and  that  the  surplus  be 
applied  to  the  establishment  of  a  Chari- 
table Fund  for  the  benefit  of  natives  of 
Cornwall,  to  be  called  the  Dunstanville 
Fund.  We  append  the  first  names  of  the 
Subscription  List :  Davies  Gilbert,  Esq. 
100/.  Lord  Boscawen  SOL  Edward  Collins, 
Esq.  200/.  J.  Hearle  Tremayne,  Esq.  200/. 
J .  T.  Cory  ton  50/.  Rev.  George  Treweche 
50/.  S.  and  R.  Davey  50/.  &c.  &c.  Cam* 
brea  is  a  rough  granite  ridge,  extending 
about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in  length, 
nearly  parallel  with  the  high  road,  rising 
into  three  points,  of  which  the  centre  is 
the  highest,  and  on  this  it  is  proposed  to 
erect  the  Memorial.  The  eastern  sum- 
mit is  crowned  by  the  remains  of  an  an- 
cient castle.  The  central  summit  it 
nearly  400  feet  above  the  level  of  the  road, 
and  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  distant 
from  it  on  the  base  line. 

P.  657.— The  heir  of  Sir  Charles  Mill 
is  the  Rev.  John  Barker,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
Kingsomborne,  Hants,  only  surviving  son 
of  John  Barker  of  Wareham,  Esq.  by 
Mary  Mdl,  sister  to  the  late  Sir  Charles. 
Mr.  Barker  took  the  name  of  Mill  on  the 
8th  of  May  last. 

T.  658.— The  body  of  Sir  Peter  Parker, 
Bart  was  deposited  in  the  principal  vault 
under  St.  Margaret's  Church,  Westmins- 
ter. Among  the  mourners  at  the  fune- 
ral were  Lord  Byron,  Sir  Peter  Dallas, 
Lord  Falkland,  Captain  Hamilton,  the 
Hon.  Sir  George  Seymour,  Admiral  Sir 
George  Parker,  the  Hon.  Colonel  Mont- 
ague, Captain  Dallas,  William  Black- 
wood, Esq.  &c. 

P.  666.— The  late  Alderman  Christo. 
pher  Smith  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  re- 
siding at  Harwell,  a  small  village  near 
Abingdon,  in  Berkshire  ;  when  a  boy  he 
was  sent  up  with  his  cousin  to  be  inocu- 
lated at  the  Smallpox  Hospital,  St.  Pan- 
eras  ;  on  their  convalescence  one  lad  was 
sent  home  to  his  friends,  who  lived  near 
Cumnor;  his  kinsman,  Smith,  was  taken 
by  a  manager  of  the  hospital,  a  wine  mer- 
chant of  the  same  name,  but  no  relation, 
to  live  with  him,  where  he  continued  until 
the  death  of  hie  benefactor,  and  then  cue- 


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670 


Additions  to  Obituary. 


cecded  him  in  his  business  ;  a  transition 
very  little  less,  although  not  to  sudden, 
as  that  of  the  famous  Whittington. 

P.  667. — Dr.  Robert  Hooper  was  the 
author  of  some  medical  works,  and  left  a 
fine  collection  of  paintings. 

Vol.  IV.  p.  89.— The  late  Earl  of 
'  Devon  has  left  but  little  of  his  property, 
over  which  he  could  exercise  the  power 
of  testamentary  disposition,  to  his  own 
relatives.  To  his  coachman  and  wife, 
and  their  children  (whom,  during  his  life- 
time, he  had  caused  to  be  educated  far 
above  their  station),  he  has  left  the  Cha- 
renton  estate,  and  the  house  in  Paris, 
with  all  his  personalities,  among  which 
are  some  articles  of  rare  value.  Powder- 
hum  Castle,  in  Devonshire,  with  5000/. 
a  year  out  of  th«  Irish  estates  to  keep  it 
up,  have  descended  to  the  present  Earl, 
who  has  commenced  repairs  at  that  ve- 
nerable edifice.  The  surplus  revenue  of 
the  Irish  estates  to  Viscount  Courtenay, 
eldest  son  of  the  present  Earl. 

P.  101.  Professor  Bordwine  of  Addis  - 
comb  College,  was  author  of  a  new  System 
of  Fortification,  published  a  few  weeks 
before  his  death,  and  of  another  publica- 
tion relating  to  the  conduct  of  General 
Whitlock,  under  whom  he  served,  on 
account  of  which  he  was  compelled  to 
throw  up  his  commission  (a  Majority). 
He  was  an  American,  and  a  man  of  de- 
cidcd  t silent* 

P.  209.  After  some  controversy  in  the 
Ecclesiastical  Court,  the  will  of  the  late 
'William  Cobbett  was  proved  in  the  Pre- 
rogative Court  of  Canterbury,  and  the 
effects  of  the  deceased  sworn  to  be  under 
the  value  of  1 ,500/.  In  the  first  instance 
a  citation  had  been  issued  at  the  suit  of  a 
creditor  to  call  upon  'William  Cobbett, 
the  son,  and  sole  executor,  either  to  ac- 
cept or  refuse  probate  of  the  will  of  his 
father ;  and  he  agreed  to  administer  to  the 
effects,  which  are  to  the  amount  above 
stated.  There  are  no  specific  legacies, 
but  the  testator  bequeaths  the  copyright 
of  his  works,  and  all  his  other  property, 
to  his  eldest  son,  William  Cobbett,  and 
desires  to  be  buried  near  his  father  and 
mother,  in  the  churchyard,  Farnham,  Sur- 
rey. The  willis  dated  the  14th  Dec. 
1833. 

P.  217.  Dr.  Owen  Pughe  laboured  as 
a  lexicographer  with  industry  and  success 
for  a  period  of  twenty  years  ;  but  his  ex- 
ertions were  never  properly  rewarded.  In 
1806,  he  succeeded  to  a  handsome  pro- 
perty, which  the  Rev.  Pryce  Pughe,  a 
relation,  left  to  him,  and  he  had  the  hap- 
piness to  live  in  comfortable  circumstances 
many  years  before  his  decease. 

P.  221.  Richard  Ogborn,  Esq.  left 
the  following  munificent  bequests,  among 
others  of  lesser  magnitude :— Royal  Hu- 


mane Society,  1,000/. ;  Bank  Coffee -house 
Lying-in  Charity,  1,000/. ;  Philanthropic 
Society,  St.  George'  s-fields,  1,000/. ; 
London  Dispensary,  Artillery  -  street, 
Bishopsgate-street,  1 ,000/. ;  Refuge  for 
the  Destitute,  1,000/.;  Friendly  Female 
Society  f»r  Relief  of  Poor  Widows,  6cc 
1,000/.  ;  London  Hospital,  666/.  These 
first  seven  are  reversionary,  on  the  death 
of  a  party  aged  about  seventy.  Asylum 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  3,000/. ;  School 
for  the  Indigent  Blind,  3,000/  ;  Bible 
Society,  1 ,000/. ;  London  Missionary  So- 
ciety, 1 ,000/. ;  Cheshunt  College,  1 ,000/. ; 
Penitentiary,  Pentonville,  1,000/.;  Dra- 
pers1 Company  for  Relief  of  Insolvent 
Debtors,  1,000/. 

P.  325.  Mr.  Henry  Parke  published 
about  the  year  1827*  a  map  of  Nubia, 
which  he  prepared  in  conjunction  with 
his  fellow  travellers,  J.  J.  Scoles  and  F. 
Catherwood.  All  the  solar  observations 
were  taken  by  Parke,  and  the  map  was 
entirely  by  him.  He  was  a  painter  of  no 
mean  merit,  and  succeeded  alike  in  oils 
and  in  water-colours.  His  subjects  were 
for  the  most  part  architectural  and  nau- 
tical ;  he  had  made  a  study  of  naval  con- 
struction, as  well  as  that  of  his  own  pecu- 
liar profession.  Parke  was  not,  however, 
a  mere  architect  and  artist ;  he  had  real 
claims  to  the  distinction  of  a  scholar, 
being,  as  he  was,  a  good  classic  and 
versed  in  several  modern  languages,  an 
excellent  mathematician,  an  astronomer 
and  a  scientific  musician.  He  was, 
moreover,  excellent  in  all  the  social  rela- 
tions of  life,  and  •  the  strong  attachment 
with  which  he  was  regarded,  and  the 
esteem  with  which  his  memory  is  che- 
rished by  all  who  had  the  good  fortune 
to  be  within  the  circle  of  his  friends, 
testify  in  the  strongest  manner  to  the 
amiability  of  his  manners  and  the  affec- 
tionateness  of  his  disposition.  He  is 
believed  to  have  been  in  his  43d  year. 

P.  331.  The  late  Mr.  Rippon,  of  the 
Bank  of  England,  furnishes  an  extra- 
ordinary instance  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  mind  becomes  warped  by 
continued  and  very  close  application  to 
business.  He  always  declared  he  felt 
himself  no  where  so  happy  as  in  his  busi- 
ness ;  and,  though  for  upwards  of  fifty 
years  in  the  Bank,  he  never  solicited  but 
one  holyday,  which  being  granted,  he  left 
London  with  the  intention  of  being  absent 
a  fortnight ;  but  the  ennui  of  an  idle  life, 
and  the  want  of  his  usual  occupation,  so 
preyed  upon  his  spirits,  that  he  actually 
returned  to  the  Bank  at  expiration  of 
three  days,  stating  that  green  fields 
and  country  scenery  had  no  charms  for 
him.  Mr.  Rippon  was  always  remark- 
able for  his  sound  judgment,  preciaeness, 
and  extreme  punctuality,  and  Im  lone 


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1 835.]         Bill  of  Mortality.— Market*.— Price  of  Shares.  671 


services  and  habits  of  economy,  enabled 
him  to  leave  behind  him  a  fortune  of 
60,000/. 

P.  556.  Commander  William  Price, 
R.N.  was  the  son  of  Mr.  William  Price, 
now  in  his  87th  year,  and  who  for  up- 
wards of  twenty  years  has  stood  at  the 
head  of  the  list  of  Masters.  He  entered 
the  Navy  as  Midshipman  in  the  Bar-four, 
and  was  present  in  Lord  Howe's  actions 
of  May  and  June,  1794,  and  Lord  Brid- 
port's,  in  1795-  In  1796,  be  was  ap- 
pointed to  act  as  Lieutenant  of  the  Tour- 
terelle,  and  in  cutting  out  a  French  pri- 
vateer at  St.  Domingo,  received  two  severe 


wounds,  one  from  a  ball  passing  through 
his  left  hand,  the  other  in  his  s 


shoulder. 


A  particular  memoir  of  his  subsequent  ap- 
pointments will  be  found  in  the  United 
Service  Journal  for  November.  Prom  1809 
to  1814  he  commanded  the  gun -brig  Bri- 
seis ;  on  one  occasion  fought  three  Da- 
nish gun -boats,  on  another  six,  and  on  a 
third,  in  opposition  to  eight,  conducted  a 
convoy  safely  through  the  Belt.  When 
he  paid  off  the  Briseia  at  the  peace,  he 
had  been  engaged  thirty-eight  times,  in 
three  general  actions,  and  assisted  at 
the  capture  of  thirty-six  sail  of  vessels. 
In  1823  he  assisted  in  establishing  the 
Royal  Naval  Annuitant  Society,  of  whieh 
he  was  one  of  the  trustees.  He  has  left 
a  widow,  one  son,  a  college  midshipman, 
and  a  daughter. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  October  21  to  November  24,  1835. 


Christened. 
Males      1511  1  ^ 
1521 J 


Buried. 
Males  1130 
Females  1151 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under 
two  years  old  673 


50  215 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 


60  184 
70  206 
80  199 
90  62 


90  and  100  9 


A  VERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Nov.  17. 


Wheat. 
*.  d. 
10 


Barley. 
*.  d. 
28  5 


Oats 
*. 
19 


d. 
7 


Rye. 
d. 
9 


Beans. 
*.  d. 
31  10 


Peas. 
*.  d. 
35  8 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  Nov.  23. 

J&.  15*.  to   5/.   5t.  I  Farnham  (seconds)  0L  Ot.  to 

.0/.   0*.  to   0/.   0*.     Rent  Pockets   4/.  0*.  to 

.0/.   0*.  to   0/.    Of.     Sussex   31.  10*.  to 

.9/.    0*.  to  10/.   0*.  I  Essex   4/.  0*.  to 


OA  0*. 

6/.  6/. 

4/.  4*. 

5/.  5*. 


Kent  Bags.......... 

Sussex  

Essex  

Farnbam  (fine) ... 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Nov.  24. 
Smitbfield,  Hay,  21. 15*.  to  4/.  5*.— Straw,  I/.  10*.  to  1/.  12*.— Clover,  4/.  ot.  to  Si.  10*. 
SMITHFIELD,  Nov.  23.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef  3*. 

Mutton  3*. 

^feal...  ....  .........35. 

Pork  3t. 


Od.  to  4*. 
\d.  to  4*. 
8rf.  to  5t. 
0d.  to  4*. 


44. 
44. 
Od. 
4J. 


Lamb  0*.  Od.  to  0*.  Od. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Nov.  2a 

Beasts   2,978    Calves  96 

Sheep  &  Lambs  2 1 ,080    Pigs  380 


COAL  MARKET,  Nov.  23. 
Walls  Ends,  from  21*.  6U  to  24*.  Od.  per  ton.    Other  sorts  from  17*.  Od.  to  22*.  Od. 
TALLOW,  per  cwt.-Town  Tallow,  50*.  Od.    Yellow  Russia,  44*.  Od. 
SOAP. — Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62*.  Curd,  *. 
CANDLES,  7*.  Od.  per  doz.    Moulds,  8*.  Od. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  25  k  Ellesmere  and  Chester,  85§  Grand  Junction, 

231.  Kennet  and  Avon,  20.  Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530.  Regent's,  15$. 

 Rochdale,  141.  London  Dock  Stock,  51.  St.  Katharine's,  72 J.  West 

India,  95.  Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  195.  Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  51$.  West  Middlesex,  77.  Globe  Insurance,  150.  Guardian,  34$. 

 Hope,  6J.  Chartered  Gas  Light,46$.  Imperial  Gas,  43$.  Phoenix  Gas, 

24$.  Independent  Gas,  50.  General  United,  35$.  Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 34.— Reversionary  Interest,  130$. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 

Digitized  by  Google 


672 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  October  26,  to  November  25,  1835,  both  inclusive. 
Fahrenheit's  Therm.  n  Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


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6.  3  pm. 
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2  6  pm. 
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10  12  pm. 
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10  12  pm. 
13  LI  pm. 
U  L2  pm. 

1 1  L2  pm. 
13  U  pm. 
LI  1 1  pm. 

11  Upm. 

12  11  pm. 
12  11pm 
15  lii  pm. 
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18  15  pra. 
15  12  pm. 
12  12  pm. 
12  Upm. 
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New  South  Sea  Annuities,  O 29^        Nov.  6^  89J.  - 13,  821  ~2l.  89|. 
J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  Broker,  L  Bank  Buildings,  Con.hilU 

late  Richardson,  Goodli  ck,  nnd  Arkpt.M 


J.  B.  N1CHUU  AM)  SON,  25,  VkKi.l  >  MfVT.KTBrKT. 


ogle 


INDEX 


TO  ESSAYS,  DISSERTATIONS,  AND  HISTORICAL  PASSAGES. 


•##  The  principal  Memoirs  in  the  Obituary  are  distinctly  entered  m 

the  u  Index  to  the  Essays.'1 


Atbotsford  Abbey,  visits  to  277.  278 
Abyssinia,  Christianity  in  235 
Accents,  Anglu  Saxon,  disquisition  on  22 
Accidents,  by  explosion  of  a  powder  mill 
at  Munich  84*   at  Durham  fciL  at 
Newcastle  at  Wallsend  colliery 

197*    by  inundation  at  MullardHole 
colliery  197.  by  bursting  of  the  boiler 
on  board  tbe  Earl  Grey  steamer  212u 
by  explosion  of  the  liounslow  powder 
mills  3JL2 
Achaia,  notice  of3_££ 
Adair,  Alex,  monument  to  GGB 
Addison,  Duke  of  Somerset's  letters  re- 
specting 475, 476 
Adversaria,  historical)  biographical,  and 

literary  384.  484,  iB3 
JEsop,  Greek  of  disused  at  Westminster 
school 

Africa,  Davidson's  expedition  to  MS 
Agriculture,  distressed  state  of  8_L  as* 

sociations  for  the^rotcclionof  G\i 
Abutter,  Rev.  fVm.  memoir  of  98 
Alcobaca,  visit  to  tbe  monastery  of  213 
All  Souls,  Oxford,  architecture  of  169 
A  mar  ah,  temple  of  639 
America,  North,  book  of  Common  Prayer 
in  160.  annuities  paid  to  Indian  tribes 
104.    anecdotes  of  2H0.  Temperance 
Societies  in  195.    dissensions  relative 
to  the  stave  trade  124 
Andrewes,  Bp*  notice  of  5£2 
Anglo-Saxon,  on   the  Accents  of  21. 
progress  and  cultivation  of  49.  King 
Alfred's  version  of  Boethius  hil 
Animals,  history  and  instinct  of  221 
Antediluvian  Age,  remarks  on  &1B 
Antioch,  in  Pisidia,  she  of  604  ♦ 
Antiquaries,  Society  of,  proceedings  of  19 
Antiquities,  discovered  at  Jumiega  KIL 
in  France  538.  539.    in  Mexico  53J) 

  Egyptian,  sale  of  181*  289 

Antrim,  Countess  of,  memoir  of  647 
Apostles,  representations  of  in  stained 
glass  HI 

Appetite,  ancient  recipe  for  promoting 
tbe  35 

Aratus,  ancient  manuscript  of  his  astro* 

nomical  poem  401 
Arboretum  BrUannicum,   by  Loudon 

238.  577 

Arbroath  Abbey,  stone  coffin  found  at 
539 

Arc  biological  Institute,   formation  of 

proposed  BO 
Archers,  Richmond  Society  of  241 
Archery,  ancient  tenures  relative  to  312 
Architectural  Society,  meeting  of  £3Ji 
Architecture—of  Normandy  HL    of  the 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IV. 


Middle  Ages  1_53j  architectural 

drawings  at  the  Royal  Academy  179' 

of  France  and  England  400 
Argo,  island  of  G3B 
Argyll,  Duchess  of,  death  of  21fl 
Arno,  new  channel  for  the  84,  GJA 
Aihbur ton  House,  burnt  down  5_43 
Ashmoleun  Society,  meeting  of 
Asia  Minor,  discoveries  in  £04 
Assizes,  new  regulations  for  holding  the 

198 

Assyrian  Empire,  date  of  hM 

AstUy,  Lady,  death  of  21B 

Aston  Canttou,  co.  Warwick,  ancient  te- 
nure of  3"'J 

Athens,  improvements  in  £11 

Auri  and  Hole,  Devon,  ancient  tenure 
of  379 

Aurora  Bore  a  lit,  appearance  of  the  Gil 
Austria,  new  coinage  in  fill 
Avignon,  paintings  at  5.30 
Back,  Capt.  return  from  the  polar  regions 

425 

Bailtie,  Wm.  memoir  of  204 
Baines's  "  History  of  Lancashire,"  cor- 
rections in  2  • 
Baldness,  ancient  recipes  for  34^  36 
Ballot,  motion  for  in  Parliament  lost  81 
Banington,  Capt.  Hon.  G.  memoir  of 
320 

BartlowHills,  barrows  on  investigated  19 
Balalha,  visit  to  the'monasterics  of,  and 

description  273.  59J 
Bath  Abbey,  repairs  of  \M 
Bcaworlh,  Hants,  Norman  coins  found 

at  242,  400 
Beck  ford,  JV.  visit  to  Batalha  27JL  591 
Beds,  ancient  £21 

Belgrave  Institution,  proceedings  of  21 
Bell,  Gen.  Sir  LL  death  of  2JJ5 
Bellini,  Signor,  memoir  of  5£3_ 
Bercarius,  explanation  of  the  word  lOfi 
Bicknor,  co.  Glouc.  ancient  tenure  of  319 
Bingham,  Col.  C.  C.  death  of  218 
Birmingham  Musical  Festival,  receipts 

and  expenditure  of  312 
Blanchard,  Wm.  memoir  of  92 
Boccacciut,  J.  "  de  Mulieribus  clarissl- 

mis"  L5J 

Bocherville  Abbey,  near  Rouen,  chapter 

house  of  413 
Boerhaavc,  medical  skill  of  l£ 
Baelhius,  Anglo-Saxon  metres  of  40. 
Jio  ling  broke,  Lord,  memoirs  of  107-1 18, 

letters  of  to  Aaron  Hill,  esq.  147,  14S 
Bonsor,  Joseph,  memoir  of££l 
BoswelCs  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson,  critical 

remarks  on  451 .  563 
Bouverie,  Hon.  B.  memoir  of  202 
411 


67+ 


Index  to  Ettai/s,  itc. 


Bowen,  Rear-Adm.  memoir  of  422 
Bradeford,  Wilis,  ancient  tenure  of  370 
Braxenose,  Oxford,  architecture  of  1 69 
Bridgewater  Treatise,  History  and  in- 
stincts of  animals  22? 
Brinctton,  co.  Chester,  tenure  of  379 
Brinkley,  Bp.  memoir  of  547 
Bristol,  common  seal  of  164.  ancient 
stale  166.  ancient  remains  found  at  302 
British  Architects,  new  society  of  76. 

proceedings  of  186 
British  Association,  for  the  promotion  of 

Science,  fifth  anniversary  21i2 
British  Museum,  report  of  1 87 
Brown,  Dr.  his  "  Estimate  "  383 
Browne,  Sir  J.  E.  memoir  of  4[J7 
Brudeley,  co.  Lincoln,  ancient  tenure  of 
379 

Bryanston,  Dorset, ancient  tenure  of  380 
Bucklebvry,  seat  at  LSI 
Budget,  Parliamentary  30ft 
Bulla,  Copper,  found  in  Norfolk  8Q 
Burnley,  new  church  at  1 93 
Burns,  the  Poet,  notices  of  340 
Burton,  Cm.  memoir  of  204 
Butcher,  Rev.  M.  G.  memoir  of  426. 
Caesars,  portraits  on  the  coins  of  the  22 
Caffres,  hostilities  with  the  3D 
Camberwell  Collegiate  School,  examina- 
tions at  1 85 
Cambridge  University,  installation  of  tbe 
Marquis  of  Camden  as  Chancellor  184. 
prises  184,635 
Camoens'  Luciad,  translations  of  54 
Campbell,  Hon,  A.  IL  letter  of  222 

  Major- Gen.  Sir  J.  memoir  of  90 

Cape  de  Verde  Islands,  insurrection  at  8_5 
Caracatla,  Greek  coin  of  1 29 
Canada,  historical  notices  of  60 
Canoe,  Ancient,  found  at  North  Stoke  515 
Canton,  commercial  intercourse  with  133 
Car  low,  new  churches  at  LtiO 
Carter,  T.  memoir  of  205 
Catholics,  alteration  of  the  decalogue  by 
40,477 

Cave,  Edward,  descendants  of?  2 
Cave  Temples,  found  in  India  4 1 8 
Cavern,  found  near  Stamford  203 
Cedar  Trees,  histotical  and  descriptive 

notices  of  577 
Celtic  Antiquities  in  Normandy  303 
Chancery  Court,  on  reform  in  the  167 
Charles  L  his  George  223 
—  V.  notices  of  393 
Charleville,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  G48 
Chatham,  John  Earl  of,  memoir  of  546 
Cheltenham  Institution,  lectures  at  635 
Chesterfield,  Philip  Earl  of,  letter  of  374 
Chettington,  Salop,  ancient  tenure  of  3B0 
Chichester,  castle  and  friary  at  418 
China,  free  trade  of  642.    British  rela- 
tions with  132.    historical  notices  of 
13JL    on  the  criminal  code  of  45JL 
free  trade  of  - 


Cholera  in  Italy  424 

Church  Establishment,  defence  of  ,503. 

testimony  of  Dissenters  to  6  in 
Churches,  architecture  of,  in  Normandy 

18.    in  Italy  155.    in  Germany  208 
-       New,  grants  for  building  and  enlarg- 
ing B5»  erected,  or  to  be  erected, at  Tre- 
degar, Burnley,  Enfield,  and  Islington 
195.    at  Wilmslow,  Dorking,  Vincent 
Square,  Old  Dalby,  Ratbmell,  Din- 
nington,  and  Barnet  643.  Annual 
Report  on  642 
Cirencester,  sepulchral  stone  found  at  302 
Clayton,  Thomas,  memoir  of  209 
Clergy, on  the  practical  duties  of  488.  on 
tbe  condition  of  505.    lay  association 
in  Ireland  fur  potection  of  643 
Close  Rolls  of  King  John  108 
Cobbett,  Wm.  memoir  of  205.    letter  to 

Mr.  J.  Nichols  24k  will  of  670 
Coins,   Imperial  Greek,  not  published 
129.    Norman,  found   at  Beaworth 
242.  400.    Anglo-Gallic,  sale  of  30L 
Roman,  found  in  France,  Germany, 
and  Glamorganshire  303.  of  the  kings 
of  Mercia  469.  ancient  English,  found 
near  Youghal  47 1,    in  YVigtounahire 
540.    of  Macedonia  640 
Coke,  Sir  E.  Latin  verses  attributed  to 40 
Colet,  Dean,  bouse  of  450 
Colcwyhe,  Notts,  ancient  tenure  of  3e0 
Colonies,  British,  statistical  notices  of  (IQ 
Colonization,  observations  on  353 
Comet,  predicted  by  Halley  416.  course 

of  536.    physical  constitution  of  63 6 
Common  Prayer,  Book  of,  in  America  16 1 
Conservative  Associations,  meetings  of  543 
Constantinople,  visit  to  176 
Cook,  Mrs.  memoir  of  92 
Cookson,  Lieut.- Gen.  memoir  of  428 
Cope,  Lieut.- Gen.  E.  R.  memoir  of  649 
Copper  Mine  discovered  in  Anglesey  044 
Corbet,  Sir  A.  memoir  of  203 
Coroners,  bill  for  regulating  tbe  courts 
of  191 

Corporations,  Municipal,  bill  for  regulat- 
ing 82,  83,  190*  191^  19^  304,  305, 
306,  307,  308,  420,  421 
Corsica,  Frederick  King  of  385 
Cote  and  Aston,  Oxon,  tenure  of  3fiO 
Courtown,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  2o  1 
Coverdale's  Bible,  copies  of  537 
Cow  per,  life,  genius,  and  works  of  339. 
601.    notes  on  Dr.  Johnson's  Life  of 
Milton  343 
Cromlechs,  models  of  301 
Cro*by  Hall,  restoration  of  £32 
Croydon,  public  executions  at  159 
Cw//en,  Dr.  medical  skill  of  IR 
Cullum,  Rev.  J.  death  of  hhh 
Cuvirr,  statue  of  530 
Daggeworth,  ancient  tenure  of  .180 
Dalrymple,  Major-Gen.  Sir  J.  memoir 
of  alii 


Index  to  Essays,  Ac 


675 


Dartmoor,  mining  operations  ai  85 
Darvrin,  Or.  talents  of  II 
Davits,  Afrs.  memoir  of  211 
Day,  ancient  division  of  the4Q 
De  Bathe,  ancient  family  of  375 
Decalogue,  alteration  of  by  the  Church 

of  Rome  40,  47? 
De  la  Rue,  Able",  memoir  of  655 
Den's  Theology,  Protestant  meeting  re- 
specting 197 
Denmark,  assembly  of  the  States  542 
Dennington,  Suffolk,  monumental  effi- 

giea  at  261 
Dfverit  Street,  antiquities  found  at  303 
Devon ,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  83.  will  of  670 
Donne,  Dr.  John,  family  of  150.  poems 
of  342.  biographical  notices  of  622,  623 
Drahelow,  co.  Derby,  ancient  tenure  of 
aaa 

Droscumbe,  Devon,  ancient  tenure  of38Q 
Drunkenness,  ancient  recipe  for  35 
Dunstanviite,  Lord,  monument  to  669 
Durham,  Earl  of,  arrival  at  Constantino* 
pie  543 

Earfs  Colne,  monuments  at  226 
Earl  Grey  Steamer,  explosiou  on  board 
of  312 

Edinburgh  Review,  remarks  on  215 
Education,  General,  plan  for  proposed 

to  Parliament  £1 
Egberht,  Abp.  styca  of  471 
Egerton,  Daniel,  memoir  of  226 
Egypt,  plague  at  85.    Hoskins'  Travels 

in  637.    improvements  in  642 
Egyptian  Antiquities,  sale  of  187,  £91 
Elagabalus,  Greek  coin  of  I3J 
Elections,  bill  for  limiting  the  polls  at 

82,  309 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  letter  to  Henry  III.  of 

France  394 
Elrington,  Bp.  memoir  of  3 1 G 
Ehtow  Prioiy,  questions  respecting  338 
Emigration,  extent  of  BiL  observations 

on  353  * 
Erskine,  Lord,  speeches  of  459,  460 
Ethered,  Sir  J.  notices  of  581 
Ethiopia,  Hoskins'  Travels  in  637 
Eton  Montem,  celebration  of  86 
Exhibitions;  the   Diorama,  Regent's 

Park;  Panorama,  Leicester  Square  ; 

and  Cosmorama,  Regent  Street  7_3 
Falkland,  Lord,  poems  of  42,  268,  389 
Farming,  expenditure  and  profits  of  347 
Faustina,  Greek  coin  of  131 
Fires,  in  various  parts  of  London  312.  at 

Barnes  and  Barnet  ib.    at  New  York 

425.   Ashburton  House  543.   at  the 

Penitentiary  544 
Fishmongers'  Hall,  building  of  5J|j  562 
Florida,  conquest  of  610 
Foundation  Stones,  origin  of  laying  513 
France,  record  commission  in  140.  trial 

of  political  prisoners  1.03.    attempt  to 

assassinate  the  King  309.    new  crea-. 


lion  of  Peers  423.   liberty  of  the  press 
abolished  423.    anliquitits  discovered 
in  538,  539>   finances  of  &4I.  report 
on  the  administration  of  justice  ib. 
literature  and  the  arts  in  636 
Frater,  Col.  Sir  A.  S.  deaih  of  218 
Frederick  Prince  of  Corsica,  notices  385 
French  /Forks,  in  English  libraries  479 
French  Poetry,  of  the  middle  ages  570 
Fuller,  Copt.  W.  S.  memoir  of  445 
Galatia,  notice  of  387 
Galen,  medical  skill  of  12 
Gallon  Church,  architecture  LBS 
Gentlemen  Pensioners,  notices  of  the 

Band  of  25 
Geographical  Society,  proceedings  of  74 
Geological  Society,  meeting  of  634 
Germany,  stle  of  books  in  636 
Gibel  el  Birkel,  description  of  638 
Goodwin,  Francis,  memoir  of  659.  no- 
tice of  his  "Domest  icArchitect  u  re,"  1 06 
Gothic  Architecture,  remarks  on  1 55,  2m  8 
Gradele,  co.  Line,  ancient  tenure  of  3ttn 
Greece,  Ot ho  ascends  the  throne  194. 
histories  of  385.     improvements  in 
641.    coal  discovered  in  642 
Green,  Tho.  literary  diary  of  235,  458 
Greenwich,  visit  of  the  King  and  f^ueen 
to  315 

Grendon,  Bucks,  ancient  tenure  of  3*0 
G  res  ham,  Sir  Thos.  his  MS.  Journal  ]_U6 
Grey,  Ijord,  of  Groby,  memoir  of  648 
Grimaldi,  March' ess,  memoir  of  202 

  JVtn.  memoir  of  654 

"Guy  Mannering,"  passages  in  taken 

from  the  Life  of  Lord  Guildford  577 
Hadrianus,  Greek  coin  of  1 3 1 
Haffeer,  ruin  of  638 
Hale,  co.  Northampton,  tenure  of  380 

—  Sir  Matthew,  notices  of  62 
Hand  of  St.  Patrick  585 
Harduicke  Hall,  description  of  175 
Hardy,  Lieut.- CoL  memoir  of  549 
Harkercet,  ancient  tenure  of  380 
Harrow  School,  Books  of  526 
Harvey,  Rev.  J.  memoir  of  214 

  family,  queries  respeciing  338 

Heaphy,  Thomas,  memoir  of  661 
Hedley,  Rev.  A.  memoir  of  435 
Hemans,  Mrs.  memoirs  of  94 

Henry  L  Pipe  Roll  of  353^  462.  state  of 
the  people  during  bis  reign  46? 

—  Vlll.  notices  of  3B6 
Hepburn,  Major-  Gen.  memoir  of  650 
Herbert,  George,  Greek  letter  of  562 
High  Commission  Court,  register  of  450 
Hindostan,  sketches  of  607 
Hippocrates,  medical  skill  of  9 
Hodman,  on  the  term  450 

Holland,  popular  tumults  in  194.  open- 
ing of  the  States  General  541 

Holman,  Lieut,  travels  of  525 

Holy  Land,  travels  in  171.  498 

Homer,  on  the  works  of  339,  342.  ver- 
sions of  602 


676 


Index  to  Essays,  Sfc. 


Hornet,  in  Normandy,  tenure  of  380. 
Jlopton  Family,  poetic  charter  to  the  379 
Horace,  critical  remarks  on  2Jj  248/249, 

590.   odes  attributed  to  342 
Homsey  Church,  stained  glass  in  413 
Horse,  instincts  of  the  50S,  503 
Horwood,  co.  Lane,  ancient  tenure  of  3B0 
Hounslow  Powder  Mills,  explosion  of  312 
Hudibras,  lines  from,  noticed  I 06 
Humboldt,  Baron,  memoir  of  324 
Hume  **  on  the  Passions,"  critique  on 

23£ 

Hull,  descriptive  notices  of  61 
Hunshel/e,  co.  York,  tenure  of  381 
Hydrostatic  Engine,  newly-invented  636 
Ightham,  Kent,  ancient  house  at  587 
Ilbert  de  (,'haz,  sepulchral  inscription  to 
311 

India,  Journey  to  the  North  of  605 
Indians,  of  N.  America,  sketches  of  609, 
£12 

Industry,  on  the  prospects  of  349 
Inglis,  £L  D.  memoir  of  325 
Ireland,  bill  for  regulating  Tubes  in  190, 
192,  193.  304.  30?,  309,419.    bill  for 
introducing  Poor  Lhws  in  192.  lay 
association  for  protecting  Clergy  643 
Iron,  dutits  on,  in  France,  reduced  54 1 
Iron  Trade,  prosperity  of  the  644 
Islington,  new  church  at  195 
Italy,  literature  of  163,  4415,  publica- 
tions in  194.    cholera  in  424 
James  L  anecdotes  of  39'>.    letter  of,  to 

Sir  G.  More  G!LL    bis  character  625 
Jerusalem,  description  of  429. 
John,  King,  Close  Rolls  of  1 18 
Johnson,  Dr.  biographical  and  literary 

anecdotes  of  451,563 
Juba,  name  of  384 
Julia  Domna,  Greek  coin  of  1_30_ 
Kalisch,  grand  military  spectacle  at  424 
Katcr,  CQpt.  memoir  of  324 
Kean,  Edmund,  notices  of  521 
Keats,  Adm.  Sir  FL  G.  monument  to&lB 
Kempt  home,  Copt.  IV.  memoir  of  9J 
Kensington  Proprietary  School,  exami- 
nation at  1 86 
Kidderminster,  effigies  at  26J 
King,  Capt.  A.  memoir  of  332 
King's  College,   London,    prizes  165. 

opening  of  the  Session  335 
Kingston   Church,  ancient  rood-loft  of 

destroyed  106 
Kingston  Seymour  Manor  House,'  de- 
scription of  370 
Knox,  Eltazar,  notice  Of  431 
La  Sainte  ChapeUe,  at  Paris  640 
Labour,  on  the  condition  of  352 
JLacock  Abbey,  historical  notices  of  &L 

ancient  gravestone  at  377 
haforey,  Adm.  Sir  F.  memoir  of  421 
lAind,  on  the  allotments  of  352. 
Lander ,Rich.  and  John,  monument  to  8ii 
Lanton,  co.  llercf.  ancient  tenure  of  381 


Lateinos,  or  6S6,  disquisition  on  £13. 
J Mton,  co.  Durham,  ancient  tenure  of  38  i 
Law  Studies,  on  the  introduction  to  bio 
Lfi  Brun,  M.  P.  memoir  of  440 
Lt  Conteur,  Lieut.- Gen.  memoir  of  341 
Leggc,  Adm.  Sir  A.  K.  memoir  of  B9_ 
Lemon,  Robert,  memoir  of  326 
Lcwe, Oxon,  ancient  tenure  of  3 ell 
Lewis,  Adm.  J.  M.  death  of  22 
Libraries,  English,  M.  Michel's  report 
on  478 

Lieutenant,  origin  of  the  present  pro- 
nunciation 488 
Lightfoot,  Bp.  biblical  learning  of  387 
Limpstone,  Devon,  ancient  tenure  of  38J 
Lincoln  Cathedral,  great  bell  of  197 
Literary  Characters,  memorials  of  14t>, 

245.  371,415,  581 
Literary  Fund  Society,  anniversary  of  18 
Literary  Institutions,  establishment  of 
353 

Literary  Statistics  53£ 

Literature,  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  235.  453. 

notices  of,  in  Portugal,  Germany,  and 

France  636. 
IMurgy,  on  the  revision  of  the  ISO. 
Liverpool  Corporation,  prize  for  painting 

fiitfi 

LL  D.  on  the  adoption  of  the  initials 
338,56s 

Locke,  Vice- Adm.  Walter,  memoir  of  204 
Londiniana  584 

London,  arms  of  the  aldermen  of  lQfi. 
foundation  of  schools  for  the  city  of 
544 

London  Bridge,  Roman  coins  discovered 

under  the  foundation  of  80 
London  University,  annual  meeting  of 
75.    prizes  18JL  opening  of  the  Ses- 
sion 353-  charter  to  be  granted  to  304 
Long,  K.  G.  memoir  of  324 

 Rev.  IVilliam,  memoir  of  552 

Longford,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  SOI 
Ixacley  Manuscripts,  account  of  612 
Louis  de  Bruges,  biographical  notices  of 
516 

LeuisPhilippe,  attempt  to  assassinate  30.9 
Ixnoe's  Picture  of  the  Deluge,  notices  of 

582 

Lucius  Verus,  Greek  coin  of  131 
Lumsden,  Dr.  M.  memoir  of  433 
M'Crie,  Rev.  Dr.  T.  memoir  of  434 
Macdowatl,  Lieut.' Gen.  Sir  A.  memoir 
of  322 

Machinery,  advantages  of  35Q 
Maitomscourt  Hdt,  antiquities  at  640 
Mallet,  D.  letter  to  Alexander  Pope  374 
A] a  I  thus,  on  the  writings  of  238,  348. 
Malvern  Church,  repairs  of  83 
Manati,  story  of  a  fish  so  called  388 
Manuscripts,  ancient,  disquisition  on  401 
Marchmont,  Earl  of,  letters  of  371 
Markenfield,  Thomas  de,  inscription  on, 
in  Ripon  minster  338 


Index  to  Essays,  c\c. 


677 


Markets,  prices  of  103,  223^  335,  447, 
539,  <m 

Marlborough,  Duchess  of,  notices  of  237 
Marriages  of  Roman  Catholics,  bill  for 
82,  191 

Martos,  Professor,  memoir  of  216 
Mass,  etymology  of  515 
Mathias,  T. J.  memoir  of  550 
Mathews,  Chat,  memoir  of  812.  Bale  of 

bis  theatrical  collections  416.    of  bis 

pictures  631 
Maynooth  College,  sums  voted  to  535 
Medical  Recipes,  ancient  book  of  3_Lt  L5D 
Medicine,  history  of  3 
Mtdlycott,  Sir  IV.  C.  memoir  of  201 
Meonstohes,  Hants,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Mtrcia,  coins  of  the  kings  of  469 
Meroe,  pyramids  of  637 
Mr  ideological  Diary  104,  224^  336,  448, 

560,  £12 

Mexico,  antiquities  discovered  in  522 
Michel,  F.  bis  report  on  English  libraries 

4TB.    publications  of  early  French 

poetry  570,  57  1 
Middlesex  Hospital,  enlargement  of  L22 
Middle  ton,  Lord,  memoir  of  311 
Mills,  Rev.  tL  letters  of  to  Abp.  Ten- 

nison  476 
Milton,  Vise,  death  of  666 
Mirabeau,  notices  of  615 
Mirage,  on  the  Meitdip  Hills  513. 
MUhridates,  etymology  of  483 
Monasteries,  abolition  of  in  Spain  311 
Moere,Tfto.  Illustrations  of  his  Irish  Me- 

lodies  58 

Moorsom,  Adm.  Sir  R.  memoir  of  32] 
More,  Mrs.  Hannah,  letter  to  Rev.  W. 

L.  Bowles  215 
Mortality,  bill  of  103»  223*  335,  442*  559j 

fill 

M or  tier,  Marshal,  memoir  of  315 
Motherwell,  IV.  memoir  of  659 
Mummy,  sale  of  188_i  opening  of  one  301 
Munich,  tremendous  explosion  at  ill 
Mwtc  Depuytren,  at  Paris  635 

  Pelasgique,  formation  of  301 

Nash,  John,  memoir  of  431 
National  Gallery,  architectrue  of  181 
Natural  History,  gleanings  in  501 
Naynoe,  Col.  IV.  B.  memoir  of  216 
Nelson,  Earl,  memoir  of  611 
New  River,  supply  of  water  by  £-6 
Newman,  fV.L*  monument  to  €0'8 
Newport,  Monmouth,  new  church  at  1£0 
Newspapers,  circulation  of  in  Paris  415. 
one  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  ib.  cir- 
culation of  in  London  533 
Ncwstead  Abbey,  visit  to  217 
Newton,  G.  S.  memoir  of  138 
Niagara,  visit  to  612 
Nile,  Hoskius'  Journey  along  the  631 
Norman  Poetry,  <Jf  the  middle  ages  510 
Afarmaady,arcbitectural  antiquities  of  L8 
Norris,  J.  memoir  of  210 


Nouri,  pyramids  of  638 
Oberg,  Count,  suicide  of  219 
0'  Brien,  Hi  memoir  of  553 
Ogborn,  Rich,  death  of  221.  bequests 
of  610 

Oketon  and  Da  I  ton,  co.  York,  ancient 
tenure  of  381 

Oldham,  blue-coat  school  erected  at  644 

Orange  Lodges,  Parliamentary  resolu- 
tions rspecting  306,  309 

Oriental  Translation  Fund,  meeting  of 
634 

Orthography,  new  system  of  169 
Osbaldeston,  Humphrey,  memoir  of  653 
Otaheite,  state  of  religion  in  335 
Otford,  relics  of  tbe  battle  of  610 
Oundle  Bridge,  old  inscription  disco- 
vered at  5411 
Overbury,  Sir  T.  on  the  death  of  621 
Oxford,  memorials  of  \QD 

  De  Vere,  Earls  of,  monuments  of 

226 

Oxford  University,  prizes  74,  1 83  ,  531. 

Mrs.  Denyer's  bequest  to  534.  Queen's 

visit  to  513 
Oxspring,  co.  York,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Paley's  "  Natural  Theology,"  remarks  on 

236 

Paper  made  from  peat  417.  proposed 

reduction  of  duties  on  644 
Parish  Clerk,  on  the  appointment  of  513 
Parke,  H  memoir  of  325, 670 
Parliament,  proceedings  of  81,190,304, 

419.    prorogation  of  422.  proposed 

plan  for  building  tbe  Houses  of  78,80, 

414 

Patents,  bill  for  amending  tbe  law  of  82 
Paul,  Lewis,  inquiries  after  2 
Peers1  Proxies,  notices  of  liO 
Penn,  family  of  668 

Perranzabulo,  Cornwall,  church  of  dis- 
covered 539 
Petitions,  Public,  summary  of  533 
Phaeton,  stories  of,  in  the  New  World 
389 

Philanthropic  Economy,  remarks  on  172 
Philip  II.  notices  of  394 
Philip,  Sir  John,  effigy  of  261 
PhilosdeBiblos,h\%  history  discovered  636 
Picton,  Rev.  E.  death  and  character  41 1 
Pinckard,  Dr.  J.  memoir  of  9_6 
Pines,  account  of  239 
Pipe  Roll  of  3 1 st  Henry  L  353,  462 
Plautilla,  Greek  coin  of  130 
Pocock,  Isaac,  memoir  of  652 
Pointed  Architecture,  remarks  on  154> 
283 

Pompeii,  excavations  in  303 
Poor,  on  granting  medical  aid  to  6_2_2 
Poor  Laws,  bill  for  introducing  into  Ire- 
land 1 92.   operation  of  the  old  and: 
new  system  of  316 
Pope,  Alex,  memoir  of  439 
Population,  remarks  on  361 


Index  to  Essay $,  8fC. 


Portugal,  change  of  administration  in 

84*  troop*  sent  into  Spain  542 
Powell,  Lt.-Gen.  memoir  of  313 
Press, abolition  of  liberty  of  in  France  423 
Price,  Cajit.  IVm.  memoir  of  671 
Prior  park,  design  for  LBO 
Prison  Discipline,  regulations  for  543 
Property  Tax,  origin  of  487 
Ihtghe,  Dr.  O.  memoir  of  217,  670 
Puncknowle,  co.  Dorset,  mansion  at  de- 
scribed 38 
Purchases  Pilgrimage,  extracts  from  388 
Pyramids  of  Ethiopia  638 
Ouarles's  "  Emblems/'  critical  remarks 
on  493 

Que  si  tones  Ventisinw  21,  248, 590 
Quiroga,  assassination  of  85 
Radcliffe  Library,  Oxford,  architecture 
of  169 

Itatlways,  bill  for  the  Great  Western  82, 
420.    for  Newcastle  82.    one  between 
New  York  and  Lake  Erie  85.  of  Lon- 
don and  Greenwich  86 
Record  Commission,  Close  Rolls  of  King 
John  118.   established  in  France  140. 
Pipe  Roll  of  Henry  L  353*  462" 
Red  burgh,  Hants,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Reformation,  meeting  for  supporting  the 
principles  of  the  197*  third  centenary 
of  the  222.    third  Jubilee  of,  at  Ge- 
neva 424 
Rembrandt,  etchings  of  sold  12 
Rc uvens,  Professor,  memoir  of  434 
Revenue,  state  of  the  LSI 
Rhine  and  Danube,  plan  for  uniting  84 
Richard  II.  historical  notices  on  the 

death  of  53 
Richmond  Society  of  Archers  241 
Ripon  Minster,  monument  in  338 
Rtppon,  Thomas,  death  of  331.  charac- 
ter of  670 
Roberts,  Edward,  memoir  of  9_2 
Roman  Bas-relief  found  near  Toulouse 
418 

Roman  Catholics,  second  commandment 

altered  by  40, 477 
Romanism,  Society   for  opposing  the 

spread  of  643 
Ross,  Major- Gen.  Sir  J.  memoir  of  203 
Rouen,  church  of  St.Gervais  described  20 
Roxburghe  Club,  meeting  of  75 
Royal  Academy,  exhibition  179*  meet- 
ing of  631 
Royal  Society,  proceedings  of  74^  Iflfi 
Royal  Society  of  Literature,  meeting  of 
633 

Russia,  speech  of  the  Emperor  against 

the  Poles  641 
Rymer's  Feeder  a,  prospectus  of  inquired 

after  2 

Sabbath,  bill  for  the  observance  of  re- 
jected 82 
Sadler,  T.  memoir  of  431 
St.  Alban's  Abbey,  repairs  at  1M 


St.  Clement's  Church,  Oxford,  architec- 
ture of  HO 
St.  Dunslan  in  the  West,  altar  window 

of  36 

St.  Gervais,  church  of,  at  Rouen,  de- 
scribed ifl 

St.  Nicholas  Shambles,  old  church  of  584 

St.  Patrick,  holy  hand  of  585 

St.  Pierre,  Matilda,  sepulchral  effigies  of 
261 

St.  Saviour's  Church,  South  wark,  in- 
tended restoration  of  the  nave  297 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  description  of  2oJ_ 
St.  VandriUe  Church  described  2ft 
Salt,  tL  sale  of  his  Egyptian  antiquities 
187  ,  898 

Sandiford,  Rev.  Dr.  P.  death  of  534 
Sandstone,  on  curious  indentations  io  282. 
Sandwich  Islands,  newspaper  in  the  415 
Sargent,  Capt.  fV.  memoir  of  443 
Sarum,  Old,  plan  of  the  cathedral  L43. 
historical  notices  of  145.  excavations 
in  the  site  of  540.  640 
Saunders,Thomas, plate  presented  to  19.8 
Savoy,  London,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Say,  William,  memoir  of  660 
Schleusner,  errors  of  387 
Schomberg,  Capt.  Sir  C.  M.  memoir  of  20 
Science,  British  Association  for  the  pro- 
motion of,  fifth  anniversary  263 
Scott,  Rev.  J.  monument  to  669 
Scott's  "Lady  of  the  Lake/*  critical  no- 
tices of  459 
Sculpture  in  Wood,  notices  of  407 
Scutari,  surrender  of  31 1 
Sea  Language,  universal  system  of  636 
Seals  of  the  town  of  Bristol  166.   of  Dr. 

Donne  623 
Seiredun  a  nd  Siplegh,  Devon,  ancient 

tenure  of  381 
Selton,  Air.  Serjeant,  memoir  of  651 
Semnah,  temples  of  639 
Septimius  Severus,  Greek  coin  of  1.11 
Sepulchral  Stone  found  at  Cirencester  302 
Sepulchral  Urn  found  in  Deveril  St.  303 
Serres,  Mrs.  memoir  of  S3 
Severus,  Greek  coin  of  129 
Shakspeare,  monument  to  7JL  new  facts 
regarding  286.  on  the  Sonnets  of,  and 
to  whom  they  were  addressed  250,  361 
Shares,  prices  of  103,  2^3,335,  447,  559, 

671   

Sharp,  Richard,  memoir  of  96 
Stbntoft,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Sidney,  Sir  £L  costly  funeral  of  382 
Signet,  Roman,  found  near  York  302 
Slavery,  dissensions  relative  to  in  Ame- 
rica 424.   compensation  bill  for  aboli- 
tion of  307,  309 
Slingsby,  Sir  T.  memoir  of  202 
Smith,  Aid.  Christopher,  notices  of  669 

  C.  L.  memoir  of  430 

  Hon.  Elix.  memoir  of  219 

—  Wm.  memoir  of  204 


Index  to  Essays,  Src. 


679 


Smithjield,  East,  ancient  tenure  of  380 
•So/16,  ruins  of  fiifl 

Somerset,  Charles  Duke  of,  letters  to 

Tonson  the  bookseller  475 
South  mo  lion,  Devon,  tenure  of  381 
Spain,  civil  war  in  83^  424- 
popular  tumults  310.  abolition  of  the 
monasteries  3J  L   Juntas  established 
423,    change  of  administration  423, 
54*2.    opening  of  the  Cortes  64  i 
Spherical  Trigonometry,  remarks  on  631 
Stained  Glass  at  Hornsey  church  413 
Statistical  Society,  meeting  of  634 
Stewart's  '*  Essays  on  Beauty,"  critique 
on  461 

Stirling,  Major- Gen.  monument  to  £68 
Stock*,  prices  of  [04^  224^  336,  448j  560, 
67c2 

Stoke-by-  Guildford,  church  of  LOG 
Stone,  newly  invented  compositions  for  U 
Storm  at  Duiham  fL5 
•Srra/7^-eix'a^,t/eikrn,medaa)ttributed  to  2 
Stratford-upon-Avon,  records  of  586 
Stukeley,  Dr.  Journal  of  149 
Submarine  Vessel  invented  at  Paris  417 
Sujffield,  Lord,  memoir  of  317 
Sun,  orbit  of  the  537 
Sutton, co.  Chester,  ancient  tenure  of  381 
Swan-marks,  rolls  of  £22 
Swift,b\s  opinion  of  Bolingbroke  1 1 3 
Sydenham,  medical  skill  of  L5_ 
Syracusan  Gossips,  notices  of  5?6 
Sj/t hinge.  Nut  folk,  ancient  tenure  of  382 
Tartars,  curious  custom  of  487 

Tea  Plant,  discoveries  of  the  636 

Temperance  Societies  in  N.  America  1D5 

Tennyson,  G.  memoir  of  430 

Tenures  of  Land,  curious  grants  for  48, 
relative  to  archery  379 

Theatrical  Register  3 1 3^  644 

Thebes,  obelisk  at  5.91 

Theobalds,  Middlesex,  tenore  of  382 

Thibet,  manuscripts  from  636 

Thorigny,  Mayor  of  suspended  54 1 

Tideswell,  family  of  450. 

Tithes  in  Ireland,  bill  for  regulating  190, 
192.  193,  304.  307,  309.  419 

Tivoli,  new  channel  for  the  Arno  84^  C4J 

Todd,  Joseph,  memoir  of  2l£ 

Todi,  ancient  city  of  418 

Tredegar,  new  church  at  195 

Trees,  forest,  account  of  239 

Treviso,  Marshal  Mortier,  Due  de,  me- 
moir of  3_L5 

Trinity,  remarks  on  the  396 


Tmughton,  Edward,  memoir  of  215 
Trueba,  Don  Telesforo  de,  memoir  of  656 
Truro,  right  to  metage  of  coals  flfi 
Tumulus,  British,  opened  near  Scarbo- 
rough 540 
Tuthill,  Sir  G.  M.D.  memoir  of  92 
Tyler,  Adm.  Sir  C  memoir  of  649 
Tyrwhitt,  Tho,  epistle  to  Florio  at  Ox- 
ford 59_5 

Unicorn,  on  the  existence  of  the  450,  562 

Unitarianism,  remarks  on  396 

United  Service  Museum,  contributions  to 

536 

Universities,  English,  bill  for  repealing 
subscription  to  the  Thirty-nine  Ar- 
ticles 192 
Union,  family  of  226,  412 
Upton,  co.  Glouc.  am  tent  tenure  of  382 
Vanities  of  the  Head,  ancient  medical 

recipe  for  L5_L 
Vases,  Roman,  found  in  France  303.  in 

Apulia  538 
Vxlloison,  learning  of  34 1 
Wady,  &c.  ruins  of  637 
ff  aldegrave.  Earl  of,  memoir  of  3L6 
Wallace,  Sir  Tho.  memoir  of  5.18 
IVulpole,  Horace,  auecdotes  of  1U7 
—  —  Hon.  G.  memoir  of  547 
fVanstead  Flats,  ignition  of  312 
Warde,  Tho.  of  Trumpington,  the  pcr- 

son*fierof  Richard  II.  56^  57 
Wastie,John,  memoir  of  432 
Water,  supply  of  to  the  Metropolis  626 
Westminster,  ancient  boundaries  of  514 
Westminster  Hall,  original  architecture 
of  19 

Wiclif,  monument  in  honour  of  30 
Williams,  Dr.  G.  inscription  to  the  me- 
mory of  247 
Willis,  Dr.  J.  memoir  of  549 
Wills,  bill  for  the  execution  of  81 
Wit  ehcr  oft, &nc\ent  recipe  for  expelling  34 
Widverhampton,  riots  at  Bii 
Worcester  Cathedral,  remarks  oh  404 
/^r0Min<r,co.Glouc.  ancient  tenure  of  382 
Wymondlxam  Abbey,  discoveries  in  exca- 
vating the  foundations  of  5 1 6 
Wyndham,  Sir  W.  on  the  death  of  372 
Wythe,  Rev.  T.  death  of  5£4 
Young,  Major-  Gen.  B,  memoir  of  328 
York,   discoveries  in    excavating  the 

foundations  of  302 
Zemes,  image  of  in  Hispaniola  388 
Zoological  Society,  proceedings  of  the  75j 


■ 


INDEX  to  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 

(Including  Notices  of  Fine  Arts.) 


1 1 


i.,  -.nA 


AlboUford,  6lq.  Sketches  of  276 

Abyssinia,  three  years'  Residence  in  2B5 

Adopted,  The  530 

Albin,  l'ho.  sonnets  by  69 

^/it-a  on  tbe  French  Language  All 

Alien ,  /rev.       Sermon*  by  529 

Allies,  J.  on  Indentations  in  Old  Red 

Sandstone  232 
Alcobaca  and  Baialha,  Excursion  to  the 

Monasteries  of  373.  591 
America,  Common  Prayer  Book  of  160. 

Journal  in  879.  Rambler  in  fij  1 
Andrews,  R.  Literary  Fables 
Anfmals,  History  and  Instincts  of  221 
Amell,  C.  on  Friendly  Societies  4^6 
Antediluvian  Age,  Essays  on  (>'  I H 
Arboretum  Britannicum  238,  577 
Archaologia,  vol.  xxvi.  part  L  400, 513 
Architectural  Magazine  5.1  L 
Architecture  of  tbe  Middle  Ages,  Re- 
marks on  153,  2fiS 
Architects,  British,  Institute  of  512 
Army,  on  the  Economy  of  the  61 
Art  of  being  Happy  5_2_3 
AuUjo,  J.  Visit  to  Constantinople  HR 
Barbaconi's  Literary  History  of  Italy  163 
Barristers,  Synopsis  of  295 
Bartlett's  Views  of  Switzerland  632 
Beaumont,  G.  on  Copyhold  Tenure  410 
-      J.  Original  Psalms  2'J4 
Beck/ord,  IV.  Excursions  to  the  Monas- 
teries  of  Alcobaca  and  Batalba  273, 
5.01 

Bedell,  Rev,  G.  T.  Memoir  of  529 
Beginning  and  the  End,  Sketches  of  GD 
Belford  Regis  527 
Jielgic  Revolution  70 
Benin's  Panoramic  View  of  Rome  5_3J 
Bctvoir  Castle,  Four  Views  of  22 
Bielefeld's  Goihic'Ornaments  179 
Birch,  Rev.  Dr.  Sermon  by  501 
Bird's  Cortes  62B 

Bledlow,  Address  to  the  Paupers  of  aifi 
Bicunt,  T.  on  Ancient  Tenures  4B 
Bond" t  J.  Doom  of  Giallo  529 
Boethius,  King  Alfred's  version  of  49 
Bostock,  Dr.  8.  History  of  Medicine  3 
BoswelCs  Life  of  Dr.  Johnson  451,  3GJ 
Botany,  Outlines  of  410 
Bowles,  Rev.  fV.  L.  Annals  of  Lacock 

Abbey  63 
Bow  ring,  J.  Minor  Morals  529 
Botingbroke,  Lord,  Memoir  of  107 
Brainerd,  Rev.  D.  Life  of  4J 1 
Bridgewater  Treatise,  History  of  Ani- 
mals 221 
Bristow,  Antiquities  of  ISA 
Britten,  J.  Westminster  Palace  179. 

History  of  Worcester  Cathedral  40J 
Brussels,  Letters  from  629 


Byrne,  on  Spherical  Trigonometry  631.. 
Camoens'  Luciad,  Translations  of  it 
Captive,  Tbe  178 

Carlisle,  N.  Labourer's  Friend  Society* 
316',  410 

Chabailte's  Roman  du  Ren  art,  &c,  158 
Qutncery  Court,  Letters  on  J  67 
Christian  Expositor  412 
Christmas,  tL.  translation  of  Camoens 51 
Church  Establishment,  Works  on  the 

507.    Testimonies  in  favour  of  630 
Church  Government,  Episcopal  Form  of 

294 

Clarke,  Dr.  A.  Christian  Theology  529 
Clergy,  Charges  on  the  condition  of  the 
505 

Colburris  Modern  Novelists  74 

Cole,  IV.  Views  of  Ancient  Monuments 

in  Greece  5J0 
Collier,  J.  P.  on  the  Life  of  Sbakspeare 

286 

Colonies,  British,  History  of  Gil 
Conolly's  Journey  to  the  North  of  India 

(jmslantinople,  Visit  to  176 
Cooke,  G.  fV.  Memoir  of  Lord  Boling- 
broke  107 

Copyhold  Tenure,  on  the  Origin  of  410 
Cortes,  The  tm. 

Cowper,  IVm.  Life  and  Works  of389,60l 

CrequVs  Recollections  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century  4_L2 

Crichton,  Sir  A.  on  a  Provision  for  the 
Catholic  Clergy  of  Ireland  507 

Curtis,  J.  fV.  on  Hearing  &3Q 

Dacre,  Jjady,  Tales  by  409_ 

Dalby,  Rev.  TV.  on  the  Church  Esta- 
blishment 507 

Dallaway ,Rtv.J.  Antiquities  of  Bristow 
164 

Davie*,  Rev.  J.  First  Impressions  63D 
De  Foe's  Journal  of  the  Plague  Year  5  in 
Dillon,  Rev.  R.  C.  on  the  Articles  o£ 

Faith  295 
Doctor,  Tbe  517 

Dramatic  Poets,  Specimens  of  2fl"> 
Draper's  Art  of  being  Happy  6£ i 
Driver's  Harold  de  Brun 
Dunciad,  Modern  523 
East,  Affairs  of  tbe  278 
East  India  Company,  Register  of  Ships 

belonging  to  627 
Ecclesiastes  AngUcanus  629 
England,  a  poem  5_2fl 
Enthusiast,  The  6£fl 
Erdeley,  Manuscripts  of  409 
Ethiopia,  Travels  in  637 
Evans,  Rev.  R.  IV*  Scripture  Biography  ^ 

Fables,  Little,  for  LjlUe Folks  4{p 


: 




■ 

\ 


Index  to  Books  Reviewed. 


6H[ 


Facts  and  Fictions  70 

Fdth,  on  the  Articles  of  295 

Falkland,  Lord,  Poems  of  42*  268,  389 

First  Impressions  o30 

Florida,  Conquest  of  filO 

Fowle,  Rev.  F.  P.  Sermons  by  fifi 

Fox,  Rev.  S.  King  Alfred's  Version  of 

Boethios  49 
Friendly  Societies,  Treatise  on  Hill 
FrithiojTs  Saga  529 
Fudges  in  England  510 
Gasket  I,  P.  Prospects  of  Industry  349. 
Geography,  Outlines  of  {18 
Giatlo,  Doom  of  529 
Gipsy,  Tbe  U2 

Gobat's  Resiliences  in  Abyssinia  285 
Godwin's  Lives  of  the  Necromancers  630 
Gothic  Ornaments  179 
Greece,  History  of  151 
Greeh  Language,  Grammatical  Sketch 
of  IM 

Greenwoods  Picture  of  Hull  5J 
Greslty,  Rev.  W.  on  Preaching  629 
Grey,  IT.  IL  C.  tbe  Lords  and  the 

People  G°ii 
Griffiths,  fV.  on  Hydrocephalus 
Grimshawe,  Rev.  T.  S.  Life  of  Co*per 

68, 389 

Gurney,  J.  J.  on  the  Trinity  396 
Hale,  Sir  M.  Life  of  6J 
Haling,  account  of  the  Manor  of  5) 3 Q 
Hardtoicke  Halt,  History  of  HI 
Hardy,  C.  Register  of  the  E*st  India 

Company's  Ships  6l27 
«- —  Rev.  S.  on  the  Holy  Land  170 
Harold  de  Burun,  a  dramatic  poem  408 
Harrow  School  Books  526 
Hearing,  on  the  Preservation  of  the  530 
Heath's  Gallery  of  British  Engra»ings72 
Hector  FUramosca  177 
Herbert,  Cha.  Literature  of  Italy  405 

 on  Italian  Literature  529 

Hindostan,  Scenes  of  G07 
Historia  Technica  412 
Hodgson,  Rev.  J.  History  of  Northum- 
berland 406 
Holden's  Christian  Expositor  412 
Holman,  Lieut.  Voyage  round  the  World 
524 

Holy  Land,  Notices  of  the  17_0.  Pil- 
grimage to  the  A<J"i 

Homehtics,  Lec'ures  on  5JL2 

Hope,  Eluabelh,  Immaterial  System  of 
Man  40.9 

Home,  Rev.  T.  tL  on  the  third  Cente- 
nary of  tbe  Reformation  2.91 
H os kins,  G.  A.  Travels  in  Ethiopia  GJI 
Hull,  Greenwood's  Picture  of  £1 
Hull,  fV.  on  tbe  Church  Establishment 
507 

Hudraulia,  625 

Hydrocephalus,  TreatUe  on  528 
India,  Journey  to  the  North  of  6Q5 
industry.  Prospects  of  34y 
invalid,  Efforts  by  *  £9. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  IV. 


Ireland,  Angler  In  411 

Irving,  T.  Conquest  of  Florida  GUI 

 fV.  Sketch  Book  276 

Isometrical  Drawing,  TreatUe  on  41 1 
Italian  Dictionary  68 
Italy,  Literary  History  of  163,  405,  529 
Jamaica,  History  of  5_2_9 
Jesse,  E.  Gleanings  in  Natural  History 
500 

Johnson,  Dr.  S.  Graphic  Illustrations  of 

tbe  Life  of  i7JL    Boswell's  Life  of 

451,563 
Jonah,  Lectures  on  178 
Jones,  Rev.  T.  on  the  Millenium  H 
Justin  Martyr,  Story  of  594 
Kaye,  Bp.  Charge  of  505 
Kcan,  Edmund  Life  of  520 
Keightlcy,  T.  History  of  Greece  157 
Keml'le,  Miss  F.  Journal  of  279 
Kempe's  Loseley  MSS.  6_I2  " 
Kir  by,  Rev.  IF.  History  and  Instincts  of 

Aninuls  217 
Knight  and  Enchantress  65.  • 
Labourer,  Useful  Hints  for  the  352 
labourers'  Friend  352 
Labourers'  friend  Society,  account  of3_5_3_* 
Lacock  Abbey,  Annals  of  6J 
Iximartine's  Pilgrimage  to  tbe  Holy  Laud 

497 

Lamb,  C  Specimens  of  Dramatic  Poets 

2.95.    Rosomond  Gray  5J28 
I^atham,  R.  G.  o<i  tbe  Greek  Language  1 68 
Lateinos  6.13 

Latrobe's  Rambler  in  North  America  6J  1 

i.aw.  Bp.  Charge  of  505 

I xtw  making,  Mechanics  of  410 

Law  Studies,  Introduction  to  615 

l*e,  Mrs.  Stories  of  Strange  Lands  630 

Lindwoods,  The  C28. 

Liturgy,  R*visi  »n  of  the  IfiQ 

Lords  and  the  People  6^9 

Loseley  Manuscripts  619 

Loudon,  J.  C.  Arboretum  Britannicum 

238.  57  7.  Architectural  Magazine  5 1 1 

 Mrs.  Philanthropic  Economy  172 

Macdougall,  T.  St.  Clair,  Outlines  of 

Geography  68 
Macgillivray,  TV.  Liv*«s  of  Zoologists  413 
Macgowan's  French  Grammar  4 1 1 
Magee,  Abp.  on  the  Atonement  396 
Malthusian  Boon  unmasked  347 
Man,  Immaterial  System  of  409 
Marine  Surveying,  Treatise  on  5_28 
Martin,  R.  M.  History  of  tbe  British 

Colonies  60 
Mathews,  W.  llydraulia  625. 
Meadows,  F-  C.  Italian  Dictionary  68 
Mechi,  Rev.  ft.  on  tbe  Church  Establish* 

ment  £30  * 
Medicine,  History  of  3 
Meditations  for  every  Day  in  the  Year  530 
Medley,  Rev.  J.  ou  the  Episcopal  Form 

of  Church  Government  294 
Memorials  of  a  Departed  Friend  68 
Methodists,  Laws  ol  2_M 
AS 


Index  to  Books  Reviewed. 


Millenium,  Sober  View*  of  the  21 
Mitton,  S^Af.  Songs  of  the  Prophecies  1 1 
AUraheau*  Memoirs  of  615 
Aft/ford,  At  R.  Belf„rd  Regm  597 
Afontgomery, «/.  Poems  of  L5fi 
A/oore's  Irish  Melodies,  Illustrations  of  51 
Afudie,  R.  on  the  Earth  699 
Napoleon  Gallery  fi3_2 
Aatural  History t  Gleanings  in  500 
Necromancers,  Lives  of  ihe  630 
AVw  England*  and  her  Institutions  1X1 
Northumberland*  Rambles  in  977.  His- 
tory of  406 
Oliver*  S.  Rambles  in  Northumberland 

in 

Ord*  J.  JV  England,  a  poem  IG^  aSfl 
Owfre  if/er  599 
Oxford*  Memorials  of  16.9 
P€trliamenl,V\*n  of  iheNcwHooscsof  4 LI 
Peerage  and  Peasantry*  Tales  of  t  he  4 Of/ 
Penmddock,  a  tale  21 
Philanthropic  Economy  172 
Piggott,  Rev.  S.  Sermon  by  6_i£ 
Plague  Year*  Journal  of  the  5_LQ 
Plant  agent  t*  a  novel  6_i9_ 
Pluquet's  Contes  Populaires  159 
P<W*  Port/olio  US. 

Poor*  Letters  for  the  596.  on  supplying 
Medical  Assistance,  8cc.  to  the  696 

Poor  Laws*  Pamphlets  on  the  345.  346 

Porter,  Rev.  Dr.  Lecture*  of  lk22 

Prophecies*  Songs  of  the  f\ 

Provincial  Sketches  177 

Psalms*  Original  994 

Quarles.  Francis*  Emblems  of  493 

Rahett*  R.  Lateino*  6 1  3 

Rapin's  L>le  of  Alfr-.i  the  Great  4J1 

Raumer's  History  of  the  Sixteenth  Cen- 
tury 393 

Record  Commission.  See  preceding  Index 

ot  Es«;<\8. 

Reformation*   Comm*  mora1  ion  of  the 

third  Centenary  of  9yl 
Renart,  Roman  ilu  I5B 
Richard  LL  on  the  Death  of  hi 
Richardson*  C.  J.  Plan   of  the  New 

Houses  of  Parliament  4  1 4 
Richter's  Siege  of  Viem  a  419 
Rid  dell,  J .  tracts  relative  tu  the  History 

of  Scotland  53 
Roberts,  Emma, Sccn»-s  of  Hindneinn  607 
i  At.  Sea -Side  Companion  177 

 IP.  tL  British  Wine-maker  995 

Robinson*   P.F.  History  of  Hard*i<ke 

Hall  174 

Robson.T.  Con  Marine  Surveying  523 
flrucoe's  Wandering*  through  Wales  1 7D 
Rose,  H.  ./■  on  the  Church  Establish- 
ment 5J>7_ 

 7*.  Historia  Technics  419 

Rosebuds  Resetted  9.95 
Rosamond  Gray  52fi 

Russell,  J.  U.  Atlas  of  Ancient  Geogra- 
phy 4X1 


Sacred  Clastic**  Rev.  J.  H ..ne's  Treatise* 
59JL  Knox's  Christian  Phdosoi  hv,  Ac 
9ai  Bp  B.veridgfc's  Private  Thoughts 
Hi 

Sacred  Poetry  995 

Snndstone.  on  I  orientating  in  982 

Scenes  and  Stories  17  7,994 

Scotland,  tracts  relative  to  the  Antiqui- 
ties of  53 

Scripture  Biography  52a 

Sea -Side  Companion  177 

Sedgwickc.  Aliss*  The  Lin  woods  G2fl 

Serjeant,  Memoirs  of  a  69 

Sermont*by  Fowle  6JL  by  Sidcbnttum 
6ft.  by  Bin-h  50L  ly  Allen  529.  by 
Bp.  of  Derry  530.     by  Piggott  >,2'I 

Shaktpeare,  New  Facts  in  the  Li'e  of 
2MiL  Citai  ion  and  Examination  of  be- 
fore Si-T.  Lucy  413 

Sharp*  T.  Epitome  ol  War*  i.  k«htre  IT B 

Sharpc.  J.  Diam  nd  Dictionary  (Lil 

5/tff«?'<Speeiroens  of  Ancient  Furntt  ure73 

Sil't h orpe's  Lectures  on  Jonah  178 

Sidebottom*  Rev.  U  F.  Sermons  by  C9 

Sienna.  Bride  of  993 

Sketch  Book  of  the  South  HI 

Smith,  C  J.  Fac  similes  of  Literary  Cu- 
riosities 531 

— -  T,  on  Evolutions  i  f  Numbers  593 

  IV.  Ernesto  69H 

Society,  Cons'  it  m  ion  of  6  2D 

Solitaire,  Diary  of  a  5  9.9 

Sopteiih,  on  Isometrical  Drawing  4JJ 

Spherical  Trigonometry  63 1 

Steinman,  G.S.  ac -omit  of  the  Manor 
of  H*ling  530 

Stephen.  G.  on  the  N;  is  P<n«r  La*s  345 

Stewart,  R.  B.»n  But  any  410 

Strong*  Rev'  C.  Sonnets  by  409 

 Rev.  JV.  Frithto 's  Saga  h^l 

Stttart,  Atoses.  on  the  Trinity  .l.Wi 

Sunday  School  Reward  Rook  69 

Switzerland,  View*  of  63 S 

Symonds,  A.  Mechanics  cf  Law-making 
4IO 

1 "ah/ant's  O  tavia  Elphinstone  4  |_2 
Talleyrand,  Prince,  Life  of  A\1 
Tenures,  A  orient  AA 
Thaumaturgia  630 

ThoiotJ,  Mrs.  Letters  from  Brussels  699 
Trench's  Story  of  Justin  Martyr  594 
7 'rinity.  Wo iks  on  the  39fi 
Tyruhitt,  Tito.  Ep  stle  to  Florio  at  Ox- 
ford 5_9_5 
fusion,  Lan<l  of  698 
Fitruviux  JJrilannicus  174 
Wales*  Wanderings,  through  179 
Walker's  British  Atlas  12 
Watrtnt  R.  on  Law  Studies  615 
  Dr.  S.  on  the  Laws  of  Method- 
ism C94 
Warwickshire,  Epitome  of  173 
Way  of  Peace  Lo*t  and  Regained  53Q 
Westminster  Palace*  History  of  IT9, 


Index 

Whewttl,  Rev.  R.  on  the  Architecture 

of  i he  German  Churches  153.  2MB 
White,  C.  Belg.c  Revolution  10 
Wife.  The  US 

Wilks,  liev.  S.  C.  Rosebuds  Rescued  »93 
Williams,  J.  B.  Life  of  Sir  M.  Hale  ttl 
— — — —  iL  F.  History  of  Sculpture  407 
Willis,  H.  on  the  Architecture  »f  the 

Middle  Ages  15.1.  288 
Wine-maker ,  The  British  i>93 


Winning,  /lev.  W.  B.  on  the  Antedilu- 
vian Age  b'  18 
/J^w/Kittf**  Synopsis  of  English  Barristers 

Sii5 

Wood,  History  uf  Sculpture  in  407 
Worcester  Cathedial,  HUtorv  of  403 
Wort  ley,  Lady  E.  S.  the  Knight  and  the 

Euchaut  rets  65 
Zoologists,  Live*  uf  6JJ 


INDEX  TO  POETRY. 


Athin,  T.  sonnet  by  Gj) 

Boethius,  extracts  from  all 

Bowles,  liev.  W.  L.  lines  to 65.  Stanzas 

on  hearing  the  Messiah  performed  4^9 
Brand  ret  h,  tL  stanzas  on  the  glass  uf 

Champagne  595 
Camoens*  Luciad,  specimen  of  a  new 

translation  5J 
Champagne,  Glass  of,  stanzas  on  59a 
Falkland,  Lord,  poems  of  41,  '2u'H,  389 
Farmer's  Daughter,  stanzas  un  4.90 
French  Poetry,  Early,  specimens  of  5fi2 
Goethe,  6t  anzas  suggested  by  a  passage 

in  the  memoirs  of  489 
Hastings,  Aorrf,  lines  on  the  death  of  312 
Hay  ley's  Metrical  Essays,  extracts  from 

W\ 

I J  opt  on  Family,  poetical  charter  granted 

io  37.9 

Huntingdon,  Countess,  epitaph  on  3 9 2 
Jongleurs,  of  Normandy,  lines  on  572 
Jomon,  Benj.  eclogue  on  the  death  of  13 
Ludy  Singing,  lines  to  594 
Lucid  interval,  stanzas  on  15G 
Messiah,  stanzas  on  hearing  the  music 
of  the  489 


Milford,  Rev.  J.  The  Poet  48k  ibe  Far- 
mer's Daughter  490 
Montgomery .  J.  Lines  by  Iftfi 
Moore's  Melodies,  Illustrations  of  58 
JVevers,  tVm.  Norman  French  lines  57 2 
A'orman  Poetry,  specimens  of  5 7 '2 
Poet,  The  489 
Recluse, The  157 

Richard  Ceeurde  Lion,  elegy  on  576 
Richardson,  D.  L.  lines  to  a  Lady  sing- 
ing 594 

Ritson,  Rev.  B.  inscription  to  the  me- 
mory of  492 

Sandys,  Geo.  Lord  Falkland's  verses  to 
i'TU,  389 

Shahspeare,  sonnets  from  255.  36  1 
Sonnets,  by  Albin  69.    by  Shakspeare 
255,  361.    by  the  R»  v.  C.  Strong  4U9 
Spring,  son  net  on  409 
Strong,  Rev  C.  sonnets  by  408 
Thrushe*,  The  69. 

Tyrwhitt,  Tho.  epistle  to  Florio  at  Oxford 

Westminster  Bridge,  sonnet  composed 

on  2ii3 

Wottley,  F.  elegy  on  Lord  Falkland  39_i 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Including  Promotion*,  Piffrnueut*,  Biit)i»,  Marriages,  »od  Deaths. 


Abercom,  March. 
199 

Aberoetby,  M.  422J 
Abinger,  Lord  L&4 
Abney,    C.  E.  ILL 

E.  tL  hAA 
Acheron,  Lady  M. 

200 

Ackermann,  G.  426 


Acland,  A.  IL  D. 

12ii 

Acworth,  J.  81 
Adair,  A.  668.  Sir 

R.:tl3 
Adam,  Rear-Adm. 

C.  313 
Adams,  F.  42iL  M. 

P.2UU 


Agar,  Capi. 
Agasttiz,  664 
Aguew,  L.  A.  334. 
Agutter,  W.  9JJ 
Ainslie,  Dr.  W.  fll 
Airlie,  C'tess  44 1 
Airy,  J.  B.  £14 
Aitchison,  Lieut.* 
Col.  J.  W.  Bfi, 


Akerman,  80-  J. GU<2 

Alrock,C.  200,441, 
449 

Alderson,  G.  ill 
Ahlis,  Dr.  fijfi 
Aldridge,  J.  L93 
Alexander,  Capt.  J. 

L.  7 5.     G.  (Hit. 

L.  hAl 


Index  to  N dines. 


Ali  tie  Boulogne,  M. 

L  r.  m 

Alington,  J.  £B 

Aiun,  w.  &u 

Allbutt,  T.  81 
Allen,  tL4£5.  Dr. 

W.  B.  B8 
Almack,  R.  L93 
Alsager,  R.  291 
Alston,  S.  333 
AUree,  M.  545 
Amherst,  Earl,  mi 
Amyot,  C.  J.  426 
Andrews,  T.  545 
Andry,  663 
Annessev,  W.  200 
Ansell,  Cap.  F.  U. 

445 

Anson,  F.  E-  426 
Anstell,  Baron  de, 

103 

Antrobus,  A.  663 
Applegate,TH.3l4 
Arhouin,  S.  426 
Archer,  E.  645 
Arden,  F.  E.  L99 
Argyll,  Ducb.  218 
Armstrong,  J.  100, 

350.    W.  J.  441 
Ashburton,  Lady  A. 

331 

Ashton,  A.  100.  S. 

K.  441 
Ashwortb, Col.  3 14. 

G.  330 
Assheton,  F.  A.  334 
Astley,  426.    G.  C. 

218 

Atkinson,  J.  21?> 

S.  M.  221 
Attkins,  A.  662 
Attwood,  A.  426 
Austin,  Lady,  318 
Aveline,  T.  222 
Aveling,  T.  333 
Awdry,  6&L  J.  661 
Ayshford,  H.444 
Back,  Cap.  2JL  544 
Bacon,  S.  S.  556 
Badbam,  558 
Bagge,  P.  545.  R. 

545 
Bagnt,  J.  665 
Bagster,  R.  4AL  S. 

331 

Bailley,  E.  314 
Baillie,  J.  F.  314. 

W.  LL  200 
BailflJS.SgQO.  EJ4, 
B.Tinbriggf,  W.  667 
Baines,  2 

B  iker,  J.  662.  J. 
544 


Baldwin,  IX  445 

Ball.Maj.  T.C.544 
Balsball,  T.  Ifi 
Balston,  J.  G.  664 
Bandon,  Earl,  3X3 
Banks,  Sir  E.  AAA 
Banning,   B.  61G-, 

P.  515 
Barber,  M.  200 
Barclay.  C  297.  E. 

443 

Barker,  F.  &4JL  J. 
665) 

Barlow,  H.  200-  S. 
200 

Barnard,  Sir  J.  II 
Barnes,  J.  81 
Barnei,  Maj.  J.  H 
541 

Barnett,    A.  558, 

M.  A.  T.  42fi 
Barrow,  Sir  J.  74^ 

T5.    L.  29 
Barry,  IB  5.   C.  TJL 

Sir  D.  663,  J. 

662 

Barstow,  S.  K.  646 
B-trtlett,  W.  32 
Bart  ley,  E.  J.  314 
Barton,  R.  M.  5-56 
Barwell,   Cap.  IL 

662 
Basevi,  G.  16 
Basket,  M.  332 
Bates,  A.M.  545 
Bat  hurst,  A.  200. 

T.  fib' 5 
Bat  ley,  C.  IL  661 
Batty,  C.  IL  446 
Kaverstock,  J.  664 
Bawtree,  H.  9_9 
Baxter,  IL  199 
Ba>ley,  A.  1CLL  G. 

F.  100 
Bayly,  E.  G.  615 
Baynes,  Cap.  S.  544 
Baseley,  Lt.  J.  557 
Beadon,  J.  W.  440 
Beamish,  C.  218 
Beat  tie,  A.  426 
Beauclerk,  Adm. 

Ld.  A.  313 
Beaumont,  E.  de, 

74.    T.  440 

Berke,  C.  665 
Beckett,  W.  218 
Bedford,  C.  545_ 
Bed  well,  B.  662.  E. 

314.  S.  W.  334 
Beechey,  Cap.  F.W. 

645 

Beethxm,  A.W.  \_M 
Beevor,  M.  B.  3  \.i 


Belcher,  E.  M.  88 

Bell,  Sir  tL  218s 

R.  199 
Bellasis,  E.  616. 
Belletl,  G.  313 
Belliugham,  Cap. 

222.   C.  S.  88 
Belsey,  551  . 
Bendry,  M.  102 
Bennett,  F.  L.  IO.L 

tL  322^  J.  L.  *H- 

LL  S.  100 
Benson,  tL  646 
Bentall,  J.  88 
Bent  ham,  W.  646 
Bentley,  J.  555 
Bereus,  C.  645 
Berkeley,  CM.  556 
Bernard,  J.  F.  200 
Berney,  P.  88 
Berry,  D.  335*  IL 

81 

Besley,  J.  200 
Best,  Cap.  426.  W. 
185 

Bevan,  Archd.  314. 

C.  222,    J.  646 
Bewes,  416 
Beynon, D.  HI 
Bickerstelb,  EL545. 

H.426 
Biddulph,  J.  334. 

T.  313 
Biggar,  C.  332 
Bigg*,  J.  22J 
Bignold,  T.  331 
Billing,  S.  314 
Bingham,  Col.  C.C. 

218 
Bint,  F.  «no 
Birch,  J.  W.  313 
Bird,  J.  G.  442 
Birkbeck,  Dr.  II 
Birkett,  J.  445 
Birrell,  G.  313 
Biscoe,  W.  646 
Bisset,  J.  646 
Black,  E.  6ii3 
Blackbuni,  J.  426. 

W.  331 
Black  if  ton,  Mrs. 

442 

Blackmore,  R.  645 
Blagrave,  C.  S.  &8 
Blair,  D.  tL  L22. 
Blaxland,  A.  667 
Bligh,  i.  D.  645 
Bliss,  S.  A.  333 
Blomer,  Cap.  C.220 
Bloom,  S.  A.  64ii 
Blore,  E.  7J> 
Blnxam,  A.  44S 
Blunt,  W.  19a 


Boddington,  M.  B. 

557 

Bod  ley,  E.  426 
Boe*y,SirT.  C444 
Bug  If,  LL  20O 
Boileau  185 
Boud,L.S.4.6.545 
Bonner,  J.  G.  »9d 
Boone,  T.  C.  L99 
Boor,  L.  J.  554 
Booth,  J.  545.  W. 
646 

Boothby,  R.  446 
Booty,  M.  G.  645 
Bordwine  67  a  J. 

L01 

Borradaile,  F.  646 
Boscawen,  Ld.  646: 
Bostock,  Dr.  7_5 
Boswell,  A.  664 
Boucher,  Gen.  667 
Boultbee  314 
Bourne,    185.  E» 
426 

Bouverie,  C  64% 

Bowater,  665 

Bo  wen,  J.  44  L  T. 

425 

Bowes,  425.  545 
Bowles,  C.  B.  200 
Bowman,  C.  B^314 
Bowsber,  R.  331 
Boyd,  Cap.  G.  iOO, 

W.  199 
Boyle,   Lady,  425. 

P.  446 
Boys,  J.  33  L  J.  645 
Bradshaw,  M.  314 
Bragge,  C.  220 
Braitbwaite,  W.  81 
Brandreth,  IL  R. 

1.08 

Breay,  J.  G.  544 

Brecknock,  Ear)  of 

426 
Bree,  R.  S.  81 
Bremridge,  M.  552 
Brennau,  102 
Brent,  M.  100 
Breton,  E.  fcL  Ml 
Brettill,  L.  2ia 
Brettle,  WL426 
Brickwood,F.  Cj662 
Bridges,  G.  444.  Sir 

H.  .1  198.    T.  E. 

426 

Bridgman,  P.  222 
Bright,  Dr.  425 
BrintHey,  S.  222 
Brinaley,  Ra  129 
Briscoe,  A.  313.  W. 
UK) 

Britton,  lo 


Index  to  Names. 


685 


Bmdie,  B.  C.  24 
Brodrick,  R.  663 
Brokenbrow,  W. 

662 

Brume,  E.  A.  646 
Bromehead,  M.  200 
Brooke,A.  de  C.545 
Brookes,  F.  M.  B8. 
Brotherhood,  W. 
440 

Bruugh,  MaJ.  R,  W. 

81 

Broughton,  Col. 

663.  B .  S.  81 
Brown,  Maj  J.  Hi. 

M.  ULL  W.  554. 

W.  1L  554 
Browne,  Lieut.  44  3. 

B.  |QL    H.  646* 

R.  W.  L85*  T.  G. 

445.    Sir  W.  1H3 
Browning,  J.  663 
Brow  n  low ,  Earl,  L81 
Bruce,     C.  331. 

Lady  E.  B.  64fc 

L.3I4 
Bruen,  fcL  313 
Brydges,  Sir  E.226 
Buccleugb,  Duke, 

75 

Buckeridge,  C.  E. 

Buckle,  E.  M.  22L, 
J.  LOB*  M.  HJJ. 
64  b' 

Buckley,  Mis*,  545 
Bucknell,  W.  L01 
Buckwortb,  J.  98 
Bulk*  ley,  Capt.  E. 
425 

Bull,  C.  665,  J.  LL 

Boiler,  Capt.  G.  W. 

aa,  j.  w.  8l  s. 

C.  200.  W.  42^ 
545 

Buuney,  C.  664 
Bunting,  S.  5 ,r> 5 
Burhidge,  T.  B.  231 
Burgb,  A.  222 
Burgoyne,  Sir  J.  M. 

Bi  M  441.  M.449. 
Burlington,  Ld  1 84 
Bur  mister,  S.  545 
Borne,  T.  222 
Burnes,  Lieut.  ~  \ 
Burns,  A.  443 
Burnett,  J.  G.  555 
Bumey,  F.  A.  314 
Buniiughatn,  616 
Barr,T.  US 
Burrows,  6*64.  Lt. 

C.  M.  416 


Burton,  LQ2.  D.76. 

R.  L.  BE 
Bush,    Lieut. -Col. 

425 
Bushe,  A.  &8 
Bussell,  J.  G.  3X3 
Butcher,  M.  G.  329 
Bute,  Marq.  L&4 
Butler,  C.  L.  646 

M.  200.  R.  P.  Bfl 

S.666 
Buxton,  T.  F.  8J 
Byaru,  E.  425 
By ng,C.  F.  426.  G. 

S.  81 
Byrn, J.  101 
Byrne,  Maj.  81 
Byron,  A.  A.  200 
Caarten,  F.  H.A.B. 

100 

Cage,  E.  440 
Calder,  Lady  F.  82. 

P.  D.  158 
Call,  P.  426 
Calvert,  E.  C.  646 
Cam,  C.  C.  222 
Cambridge,  C.  C. 

664 

 Duke  of  425 

 Prince  G.  313 

Camden,  Marq.  184 
Cameron,  A. 426. 

J.  LL  545 
Canipbell,  Lady, 

714.  Lt.  446.  A. 

200.    Col.  C.  81. 

l_L  F.  646*  Cap. 

J.  200,  J.  C.  330, 

J.  W.  544* 
Cann,  M.H.  552 
Canning,  J.  C.  426. 

Sir  S.  314 
Canterbury,  Abp. 

184 

Capellon,  223 
Caravaglia,  G.  446 
Carew,  W.  1L  H 

645 
Carry,  C.  42S 
Carinichael,  Cap.  E. 

666 

Cam  IC,  Cap.  R.  8? 

Carrington,    F.  A. 
545 

Carruthers,  D.  21B 
Carter,     H.  22_L 

Cap.  T.  M.  332 
Cart  weight,  M.  A. 

200.    W.  LL  544 
Cassell,  W.  555 
Cassin,  A.  646 
Castle,  CHS 
Castltrca»li,Ld.  1  B4 


Caton,  T.  B.  3U 
Cator,  C.  129 
Cattley,  S.  R.  615. 

W.3.U 
Cave,  2 

CHvendi»l>.G.H.20Q 
Celoni,  A.  M.  667 
Cbanlrey.SirF.lB4, 
198 

Chaplin,  LL  1.09 
Chapman,  J.  314. 

J.  J.  198,  StrR. 

646 

Charlton,  W.  H.  82 
Cbarsley,  W.  S30 
Cbater,  441 
Chatfield,  A.W.  646 
Chatterton,  Lieut.- 

Col.  J.  C.  198 
Chaumette,  S.  F. 

446 

Chermside,  R.  313 
Cherry,  E.  416 
Chester,    A.  646. 

Dr.  444 
Chevalier,  T.  C.  330. 

T.  313 
Chichester,  C.  100. 

L.  M.  331 
Child,  C.  99-  F. 

445 
Chinn,  L.  314 
Cbolwich,  645 
Churchill,  G.  8H 
Churton,  E.  645 
Clapham,  W.  553 
Clarke,  Lieut.  222. 

Mrs.  220.    A.  L. 

425,   CL545.  J. 

G.  556.  R-  P.  S44 
CUvell,  S.  C.  200 
Clay,  W.  K.  200 
Clavton,  425*  E.  BJi 
Clifford,    C    LL  A. 

443.  Cap.  W.  222 
Clinton,  Baroness, 

200. 

 Ld.  81 

Clive,  R.  IB4.  Vis. 

75.   Ld.  LB4 
Close,  Lieut.  222 
Clutterbuik.H.200 
Coape,  IL  C.  &d 
Cobbc,  C.  LL  545 
Cobbett,  W.  610 
Cobbold,  J.  LOi.  T. 

334 

O.ck,  C.  F.  552 
Cockseibje,  J.  E. 

Coffin,  m.  a.  e.  aa 

Cole,  223.  Lady  F. 
J.  314.  Maj. Gen. 
M.C.  ILL  T.  413 


Colebrooke,  Lt.667 
Coleridge,  G.  B.  556 
Colleton,  S.  G.  426 
Collins,  las,  A.R. 

556.    P.  221 
Cothnson,  R.  L92 
Col  man,  H.  314 
Colinore,  E.  S.  33 1 . 

E.  S.  C.  315,  F. 

C.  313 
Cologne,  Abp.  442 
Colpojs,  M.A.  E.T. 

426 
Colville,  666 
Comber,  T.  330 
Comberbatch,  E  C, 

555 

Corny n,  S.  555 
Conant,  P.  P.  313. 

W.  22L 
Conroy,  Lieut.  445 
Constable,  L.  646 
Conybeare,  D.  536 
ConyngbaiD,  Lady 

A.  545.  Lord, 
Cooke,  F.  £20,  M. 

A.  220.     Bl  H. 

200.  T.  M.  313 
Cookesley,  J.  M.  8j& 
Cookney,  C.  663 
Cookson,  M.  EH 
Cooley,  W.  D.  14 
Cooper,  A.  556*  A. 

H.  A.  545.  E.  B8. 

R.  \m 

Cork,  Earl  of  313 
Corey,  R.  T.  211 
Corry,  H.  D.  217 
Cotton,  1&5.  T.D. 

55a.    W.  80 
Courtenay,  221.  E. 

221*      E.  645. 

T.  P.  615 
Coutins,  631 
Cowell,  G.  544 
Cowley,  C.  66J* 
Cowlard,  W.3U 
Cow  per,  450 
Coxe,  E.  664*  Capt. 

W.  B.  102 
Cozens,  J.  L  331 
Cradock,  J.  334 
Crane,  E.  544 
Cranford.G.  11.  544 
Craven,  Earl,  4(26 
Crawford,  W.  665 
Cregoe,  E.  S.  313. 

F.  313 
Crewe,  C.  F.  314 
Cribb,  M.  A.  647 
Crighton,  L.  B.  200 
Crolt,  \L  331.  S. 

J.  L.646 


1 


m 

Croft  on,  A.  Ji55 
Crucbtcy,  E.  J.  441 
Crutchk-v,  J.  22.1 
Cruttweh,  T.  GIG 
Cubitt,  G.221 
Cullum,  555 
Cumberland,  Duke, 

 Prince  G.  113 

Ciimn.iiig,  tL  LB5 
Cuudall,  M.  445 
Curtcs, J.  646.  M. 

A.  Uil 
Curtis,  CLL  LB5 
Cust,SirE  186,  198 
Cut  field,  S.  101 
Cutler,  Lieut.  443 
Cuthbert,  411,  G 

222.    J.  II.  100 
Cuvier,  L.  14 
Cu>ler,  C.  A.  LOJ 
Dale,  J. 332.  T.  liiS 
Dallas,  F.  G.  221 
Dalton,  P.  B.  100 
Dames,  R.  GiiG 
Dance,  Sir  C.  4£5 
Daniel,  J.  til 
Daniell,  C.  2110 
Danvers,  C.  G46. 

J.  :n  I .    M.  666 
Darby,  \V.  313 
Darell,  E.  A.  2M 
Darling,  Gen.K425 
Daseut,  LBS 
Dave nport,  LL  G65 
Davidson,   L.  LBS. 

T.  I  S3 
Davies,  D.D.  331 
Davis,  445*  LU22Q. 

J.  M.  314. 

T.  445 
Davison,  S.  £20. 
Daubeny,  J.  Bfl 
Daubuz",  J.  2liQ. 
D^kins,E.  68.  E. 

11  BB 
Dawson,  C.  211 
Deacle,  L.  6G3 
Dealt  ry,  Dr.  9.97 
Dean,  Dr.  81 
Deane,  Cap.  C.  81 
Deans,  R.  S.  MB 
Dearlove,  E.  441 
Dcase,  H.  £46 
De  Bat  be,  Sir  VV.P. 

■S44 

De  Constant, C.  219 
Dcedes,  C  425*  S. 
200 

Defries,  F.  M.  GIG 
Deleuze,  6B7 
De  Grry,  Earl  Hi 
DeLoeckcr,  J.J.I.o;.» 


Index  to  Karnes. 


Denis  >n,    3.  100. 

w.  r.  ism 

Dennett,  IBS 
Dent,  E.  J.  556 
Denser,  E.  534 
Denys,  G.  \V.  BB 
Dering.  Ladv,  L99 
Devereux,    LL  B. 
545 

Devenll,  Cap  G.  S. 
314 

De  Ville,  W.  555 
De  VistOf,  G.  222 
Devon,  Earl,  645, 
(HO 

D'Eyiicuuri,C.T.3l3 
Diik,  A.  C.  I<&  T. 
545 

l)ickiii4i>n,    F.  11 
42G 

Di«  kson,  C.  G65 
Di^bv,  K.  G.  425. 

K.  H  b«;  G4G 
Dillon,  Cap.  441. 

W.  LI  LM 
Disbrtme,  hirE.  C. 

fi45 

Disney,  B:  W.  425 
Dixon,  Maj.  M.  C. 
198 

Dobson,  G.  217 
Dudd,  G.  iaa 
Dodson,  J.  Bl 
Dobertv,  Lieut.- 

Col.  R.  425 
Dolben,    18&  F. 

200 

Donaldson,  L.  76 

Douera>le,Visc'tess, 
443 

Donnithorne,  222. 

E. tL  L22 
Dormer,  T.  S.  558 
Dornberg,  Bareness 

im 

Doughty,  T.  LOU 
Douglas,  J.  425 
Douro,  Marq.  LB4 
Dovrton,  M.  4Wi 
Dowding,  C.  LBS 
Downshire,  Marq. 


1)  ■>!«■, Cap.J.S.Glo 
D'Ovlry,  Dr.  297 
Drage,  C.  615 
Drake,  C.  HA 
Draper,  R.  662.  \V. 

J.  BB 
Drayton,  T.  545 
Drewe,  C.  1011 
Di  ink  water,  J.  E. 

133. 

Druett,  J.  554 


Drummoud,  J.  667. 
Lieut.  T.  31L 
W.  Bfl,  W.  N. 
102 

Drurv.  H.  LB4.  R. 

V.  557 
Ducarel,  L.  665 
Dudley,  M.  B.  LQL 

Ld.  LBl 
Duff,  tL  200 
Duffield,  F.  E.  332, 

M.  D.  81 
Dugdalc,  W.  S.  314 
Dulaure,  M.  446 
Dunbar,  G.  425. 

LL  334 
Duncan,  LL  BL  L. 

A.  102^  222 
Dunlop,  J. 
Dunn,  D.  544.  S. 

199 

Duustanville,  Lord 

de,  Gii9 
du  Piatt,  G.  L9j3 
Duraut,  A.  443 
D'Urban,  Cap.  W» 

J.  544 
Durham,  Earl,  LBB 
D«>ry,  L.  545 
iher,  LL  W.  333 
Dvke,  P.   LL  200. 

T.  333 
Dymond,  G.  550' 
Dyson,  J.  55fl 
Eade,  J.  D.  541 
Karnes,  J.  LOU 
East,  J.  Bfl 
Easton,  L.  C4G 
Eckley,  E.  554,  J. 

E.  514 
Eddie,  G.  42G 
Eden;  C.  Gl5 
Edgar,  J.  314 
Edgell,  LL  545 
Edtnundes,  T.  544 
Edmunds,  MA.  444 
Edwards,   M.  558. 

\V.  333 
Egerton,  E.  311 
EUp«,  Ih.s 
Eliot,  443.  Lt.  Col. 

G.  A.  GGI 
Ellice,  C.  BZ 
Ellicombf,   LL  T. 

643 

Elliotson,  Dr.  75 
Elliutt,   Mrs.  425. 

L_F_.8i    J.  LB5. 
Elpbin&tone, M . 1 99 
Elton,  J.  F.  2i!i) 
Eiura,  M.L.  53fl 
Enfield,  R.  L85 
Enraght,  334 


d'Escury,  A.  C.  2GQ 
Eitridgf,  S.  M.  AAA 
E'berege,    Sir  G. 
450 

Evered,  J.  55G 
Everett,  LL  J.  Bfl 
Evans,  Dr.  335.  E. 

426.  663.  L.21J 
Everard,G. 
Every,  E.  425 
Exeter,    Bp.  LSI. 

Marq.  184 
Eyre,  C.  &B 
Fallofeild,  C.  65J 
Fallowfeild,  R.  L92 
Fane,  C.  20O 
Faraday,  Dr.  76 
Fans.Maj.-Geti.446 
Fernall,  G.  R.  2U1 
Farqubar,  Sir  M.T. 

i^L  S  r  T.  LL  Zfi 
Faultier,  A.  LL  332 
Faus^etr,  Dr.  314. 
Favell,  T.441 
Fell,  E.  3312 
Fellovtes,  E.F.B.  B. 

88.    L.  126 
Fennmg,  E.  J.  219. 

J.  G£5 
Fei.tou,  W.  C.  Bl 
Fenwel',  L.  215 
Ferguson,  J.  219 
Ferrall,  R.  M.  198 
Ferr*nd.  W.  55B 
Ferrers,  Cut's*  221 
Ferrier,  A.  313 
Fincbam,  LB5 
Fin dley,  H  fcfl 
Fiot,  N.  IJiR 
Fish.G.  425 
Fisher,    I  as.  iL 

557.    J.  222.  J. 

C.  I4i    R.  LUQ 
Fiske,  LL  S.  BB 
Fitz-elareuce,  Lord 

A.  LBl 
Fitzgerald,  Col.  415. 

C.  201L  Lt.  J.  L. 

44  G.    S.  LL  T. 

(ML     W.  R  T. 

183 

FitzrojjLordC.I^S, 
199 

Fitzwilliam,  Lady 

G52 

Fletcher,  Lady  S45 
Flockton,  J.  28 
Fluurens  14 
Flower,  J.  314 
Folfy,  R.  544.  TP. 
554 

Foot  tier,  R.  413 
Furbes.Capt.  A. 3 13. 


Index  to  Names.  687 


Sir  C.  25.  1  T. 
8.M.  J.  GB2*  R.  W. 

nr,\ 

Ford   L8JL  £44.  G. 

99.    L  541 
Forester.  WAV.  184 
Forsyth,  J.  Gilh 
Fortesrue,  G.  9_8_ 
Fosberry,  G.  200 
Foster,  A.   fifL  E. 

88.    J.  101,  135. 

M.  N.  200 
Fountain?,  A.IOJ 
Fournier,  IL  558 
Fo*ke,  L  3  14 
Fowler,  C.  7JL  J.  415 
Fnwnes,  M.  F.  22Q 
Fox,  E.  L.  443.  LL 

K.  miL  M  S.544. 

R.  M.  l^fi 
Francis  444.    E.  F. 

2L8.    T.  662 
Frastrr,     Maj  -Gen. 
514.    LL  M. 

2m    J.  333 
Frazer,  Capt.  102. 

Sir  A.  2J_B 
Freelinj;  81 
Freeman,  J.  293 
Fre#Mh,  Maj.  Gen.  S. 

im 

Freke.Col.  H.J. 313 
Fremantle,    \V.  R. 

Fri're  1  Bo 
Frost,  J.  D.  426 
Fryer,  LL  E.  88 
Fulford,  Ma).  B. 
Fuller,  W.  S.  44.4 
Furnass,  J.  R.  545 
Fyffc,  J.  1112 
Gag*.  tL  LS4.  J.  If! 
Galloway,  Counters 

:.4:> 

Galway,  Vis.  fififi 
G^mou,  C.  A.  61H 
Garbcit,  J.  B7..T.199 
Gardiner,  R.  L01 
Gardner,  C.  S.  12G 
Garling,  J  F.  HI 
Garnett,  E.  £L4ii 
Gartner,  T.  SB 
Garrard,  S.  536 
Garrett,  R.  B.  200 
Garruw,  S.  J.  646 
Gaunt,  F.  221 
Geary,  Sir  W.  311 
Gerard,  F.  S.  42fi 
George,  \V.  441 
Gerothwuhi,J.M.  8JL 
Gibbes,  M.  538 
Gibbon,  R.  22Q 
Gibbons,  E.  555 
Gibney,  Sir  J.  6C6 


Gibson, R.  555,  J  .12 
Gdh«-f,  C.  42a 
Gilbv,  W.  IL  22Q 
Gillman,  E.A.  20Q 
Gipps,  Capi.  G.  198. 

I.  ai 

Giraud  185 
GloLione,  R.  445. 

T.  42<j 
Glanville,  E.  P.  314 
Gloucester,  Bp.  424 
Glynne.A.  442 
G  »ddard,  J.  558 
Godwin,  J.  32.0 
Golden,  T.  fi£Li 
Goldirut,  J.  16 
Goldi*-,  CI.  G.  L. 

8L.  J.  im 

Goldiuc,  B  12. 
Goodchild.T.O.  IM 
Good*,  \V.  82 
Goodenougb,  R.  W. 
198 

Gordon   187.  Col. 

333.   L-idv  333. 

Sir  C.  fifil.  J. 

425.    Sir  R.  15 
Gore,  Lt.  J.  44fi 
Gosford,  Earl  81 
Goss,  ,L  VV.  fifiQ 
Gosse,  A.  BB 
Gossett,  E.  200.  Sir 

w.313.  G.  N.  82 
Gould,  C.  B.  3J4, 

W.  42ii 
Gower,  W.  L.  Si 

J.  V  546 
Graah,  Cap.  15 
Gra.  e,L.  C.  21 
Grafton,  Duke  L84 
Graham,  ('.  LL  333. 

Sir  J.  L84.  J.  313 
Gramg^r,  LLC  (iiil 
Granger,  E.  332 
Grant  15^  6JiiL  Dr. 

Ill,    E.  ULL  J. 

559-  M.  545 
Gravatt,  A.  515 
Graves,  E.  662.  Lf. 

J.  222 
Gray,  IL  88.   J.  E. 

646.  Col.  L.  442 
Green,  J.  44L  M. 

198 

Greene,  IL  426.  M. 

22L   T.  ii45 
Greenway,  M.  664 
Gregory,  S.  l')6 
Gresham  E.  S.  42fL 

J.  211 
Grey,  Sir  C.  E.  87, 

198.  E.G67.  Cap. 

F.  425.  Capt .  G. 
425 


Gribhle,  J.  B.  (Ifig 
Grieve,  L.  557 
Griffith,  E.  218.  J. 

P.21T.  W.HJd;> 
Grimaldi  314 
Grim^hawe.J.B.  2 1 .1 
Grirnston,  E.M.  426 
Grove,  Dr.  425 
Grover.  IL  441 
Gruggen,  J.  P.  14 
Guest,  Lady  C.  425 
Guise,  P.  c.  aa 
Gu miner,  Lieut. 

Col.  Hi 
Gunier,  F.  6ii2 
Gurdou,  J.  314 
Gurney,  hL  80.  M. 

557 

Gurwood,  Col.  1 DO 
Gutherie,  J.  445 
Harkett,T.  £L2 
Hadley,  G.  313,  345 
Haixh,  J.  334 
Hale,  J.  W.646 
Hales.  M.  645 
Halfkins,  J.  426 
Halifax,  T.  N.  331 
Hall,  Dr.  J.  IL  C. 

T.  Z.  LOO,  LL  B. 

£45,   J.  LQiL  R. 

551 

Halstead,  S.  A.  426 
Halt  on,  P.  545 
Hamaker.  H.  A.  667 
Hamill,  Cap.  G.  445 
Hamilton,  G.  3lL 

G.  L.  87.  H.  C.  J. 

544.    L.  646 
Harumersley,  J.  331 
Hammond,  J.  P. 
Hanbury,  M.  A.  339 
Hauby,  J.  664 
Hankey,  Col.  Sir  F. 

223.   T.  425 
Hankin,  E.  3ia 
Hanmer,  Capt.  J  88 
Hauinill,  J.  LflJi 
Hannam,  F.  (i6."> 
Hansell,  P.  511 
Hansen  11 
Hanson,  J.  LL  544 
Hart  ourt,  W.  V.  «2 
Harding,  D.  643 
Hardy,  Lt.  Col.  IL 

446 

Hard«icke,Earll84 
H  trdv,  J.  82 
Hare,  Capt.  R.  545 
Hurley,  Lady  J.  E. 
496 

Harnett,  J.  C.  445 
Harris  tlBiL    J.  R. 

198.    M.  A.  200. 

R.  .99 


Harrison,   B.  297. 

R  32<L  411 
Hart,  Maj.  C.  F.335. 

P.  2UL  S.  A.  6JLT 
Hartley,  IL  R.  l9Jf 
Harvey,  Sir  G. 

H.  8L    K.  661, 

J.  LilL  L  M.  200. 

T.  3292  615 
Hardinge.  F.  66J 
Harfield,  J.  2£i 
Harvard,  C.  S.  8_B_ 
Hatch,  tL  S  558 
Hathaway*  A.  17 
HMton,  J.  544 
Hawkesley,  J.  W. 

544 

Hawkins,  E.  S4fi 
Haworth,  M.  K.3I4 
Hay,  E.  S.  M 
Haynen,  W.  C.  fla 
Hay  ward,  F.  L85 
Hazeland,  S.  A.556 
Hear*ey,  C.  101 
Heatbcote,  G.  3_£9 
H  eaven,  LL  557 
Heberden,  W.  20Q 
Hebert,  C.  545J 
He.-ker,  C.  "DTOM 
Hfffil,  LL  426 
H«  iniz.  C. 646 
Hemphill,  L  42G 
Heimiker,  Sir  A.  B. 
425 

Henricb,  Lady  4  23 
Henry,  W.  44Ji 
Hensbaw,  R.  J.R88 
Hepburn, Maj. -Gen. 

F.IOI.SirT.B.314 
Herbert,  A.  330.  G. 

5ii2 

Herron,  R.  551 
Hervey,  Sir  G.  318 
Heselrigge,  Sir  A.G. 

200 

Hesketb,  C.  LL  M. 

338 

H.  v»e  t,  J.  2QQ 
Hewlett,  L29_ 
Von  «ler  Heyde,  E. 

219 

Heynes,  T.  554 
Hibbert,  Cap.G.  645 
HickeR,  Maj.  222 
Hicks  E  S.  313.  VV. 
545 

Hiffsins,  Capt.  443. 

Sir  R.  S.  198 
H.ll,  A.  Ml,  (ill. 

A.  M.  H8.  B.  fifil* 

C.  22L    J.  42k 

M  E.  2L9 
Hillcoat,  tL  B.  W. 

88 


■ 


683 

HHtier,  Lt.-Gof.  G*. 

645 

Hillman,  Capt.  331 
H  li  n.G.iiL  J. 

920.  544 
Hmd  64  5 
Hird.  6.  314 
H    ie.  An-hd.  207. 

E.  N.  m&  LL  B. 
1113.   N.  ill 

H.  I. s,,n,  W.  T.  i(K) 
Hodges,  M.  556 
Hodgson,  Lt.  Gen. 

J.  514 
Hods  on,  R.  446 
Hog,  J.  A.  81 
Hogg,  T.  5M 
Holbech,  H.  H.33I. 

L.  £64 
Holbrev,  \V.  425 
Holland, C.  646,663 
Hotlingswnrth,A.G. 

H  544 
Hullingworth,    Li  . 

Holmes,  W.  314 
Holroyd,  E.  645 
Holworthy,  fcL  221 

HoKnAr,  G.  &HI 

Hongrie,  C.  C.  33 
Hooper,  P.  J.  B.  88, 

Dr.  R.  61fl 
Hope,  Major  EJLL3. 

F.  W.  EH 
Hnpkinson,  J.  2_0Q 
Hopton,  R.  313 
Hopwood,  F. G. 
Home,  E.  199 
Horseman,  E.  133 
Hortou  fj'j'  J  » 
Hoskins,  H.  .r)n.S 
Houlton,  G.  544 
House,  J.  665 
Howard,  F.  545.  S. 

823 

Hnwarth,  W.  645, 
66*2 

Howlett,  R.  425 
Howie  7 5 

Him ili,  Earl  of  113 
Hubbard,  J.  S3 
Hugall,  LL  553 
Hughes,  J.  H,  3_LL 

M.  A.R4S.  R.330. 

R.   E.  544,  W. 

313.  tapcw.j. 

545 

Hume,  F.  M.A.444. 

R.  M.  314 
Humphrey  558 
Humphrey*,  Capt. 

R.  M.  667 
Humphryt,  W.  661 
Hum,  R.  222,  55J> 


Lnder  to  Names. 


Huskis«on,  #!  444 
Hutsey,  E.  64S 
Hustler,  E.  €.  646 
Hutchinson,  P.  L. 
•  100 

Hyndman,C.E.220 
Hyslop.  J.  557 
Iinpi-n,  I*  A.  426 
lure  L35 

Inge,  J.  LQ2,  J.  R. 

314 
Ingle,  E.  22Q 
Ing'is,  M.  449 
Ingram,  B.  221 
Irby,  P.  A.42fi 
Ireland  222 
Irvine.  J.  1 99.  S. 665 
Ives,  0.416.  T.331 
Jackson,    I).  314. 

R.M.55T.T.N  646 
James,  fcL  495 
Jameson,  W.  645 
Jebb,  Bp.  333 
Jeffaries,S.  199 
.l>fferie«,33I 
Jenkins,   Capt.  B7_. 

M.  D.  33J 
Jenkyns,  W.  545 
Jenner,  LL  545 
Jeremie,  J.  544 
Jermyn,  P.  88 
John,  CoL  fcL  313. 

Capt.  O.  St.  646 
Johnson,  LL  556.  E. 

313.    fcLG.  545. 

P.  330.    T.  665. 

W.  W.  P.  645 
Johnston,  A.  81 
Johnstone,  J.  J.  LL 

199 

Jutland*,  C.  426 
Jones  1B5.  Lf.-Cnl. 

425.  A.  615.  C. 

102.    E.  6JL  G. 

8iL     Lout. -Col. 

G.  E.  laa,  fcL  D. 

193.  Col.  J.  223. 

L.  A.  21ML   L.  D. 

55ft.     Maj.  Gen. 

Sir  R.  334. T.  330, 

42JL    W.  31 
Jopp,  J.  220 
Jonla> ,  R.  gafl.  S. 

553 

Joseph,  fcL  313 
Jo»eti  100 
Jovce,  T.  G.  81 
Julius,  A.  S.  314 
Juxon,  Bp.  313 
KavaiMgh,  T.  313 
Kay,  J.  16.    J.  P. 
L98 

Kaye,  Sir  J.  L.  314 
Kean  2_L9 


Keate,  F.  314 
Keats,  Adoi.  Sir  R. 

G.  663.    W.  200 
Keble,  J*  545 
Keen  443 
Kelly,  S.  P  C.  314 
Kemble,  E.  441,442 
Kempe,  A.  J.  2HI 
Kt  lopsoo,  A.  M.aai 

Kempt  borne,  B.  556 
Kendall,  fcL  E.  76 
Kennedy,  W.  J.  24 
Ken  net  t,  B.  106 
Kenury,  A.  LL  222 
Kenrirb,  A.  665 
Kent,  Duch. 7J 
Kenyon,  C.  33 1 .  M. 

426.  Major  T.  313 
Keppel,  Lady  C.  33, 

T.  81 
Kerby,  F.  441 
Kerrich,  S.  332 
Kerrison,  Sir  E.  I  84 
Kry  535 

Height  ley,  Cul.  J. 87 
Killwi  k  553 
Kinchant, J.  BH 
King,  Capt.  A.  332, 

G.  314,   fcL  545, 

Capt.  R.  LL  291. 

R.H.646.  S.J.  88. 

T.W.  7  4.  W.33I. 

  Lord  206 

Kingston,  B.  222, 

Capt.  B  335 
Kirrudbrigbs  Dow. 

Lady  LOJ 
Kirkman,  A.  J.  314 
Kitching,  T.  212 
Kitson,  Capt.  6(>'7 
Knapman,  W.  442 
Knatehbull,Capt.C. 

33L    fcL  E.  5J5 
Knight,  Lady  fi6J 
Knott,  L.  545 
Knox  333.    J.  314 
Laeey,  U  M.  (lAil 
Lairne,  J.  M.  1 99 
Lamb,  J.  M.  445  . 
Lambert,  J.  T.  44 1 
Lambtor,  fcL  N, 

Lady  F.  426 
Lampet,  L.  545 
Llaudaff,  Bp.  134 
Lundreth,  W.  222 
Langford  333 
Laiigtnore.G.F.  3_3l 
Langtoo,  A.  3 13.  E. 

313 

Lanyon,  J.  J.  102 
La«celles,  Lady  C. 

0A1L  Lady  L.  £00 
Latoucbe,  J.  D.  322 
Laurie,  R.  P.  4lF^' 


Law,  C.  334^  441 

E.  329. 

Law  ford,  S.  6G2 
Lawrence,  C.  334. 

J.  220,  M.  A.  ii>0 
Law  son  212*  J.  446 
Leach, A.  330.  E.E. 

555.  W.  645 
Lear,  \V.  T.  64a 
Leard,  LL  615 

Lea  l  be.,  P.  H.  1$4 

Lea  tb  ley,  C.  135 
Le  Blanc,  F  A  £n0 
Ledyard.T.W.  3J1 
Lee,  J.  222.  .LiLl^ 
Leech,  W.  81 
Leeds  1 16 
Leeke,  E.  F.  A.  646. 

R.  410 
L.  es,  J.  F.  L22 
Lefevre,  C.  S.  LOfi 
Legb,  P.  136 
Leibnitz  2 
Leigh,  E.  M.  643. 

J.  LL  122^  u- 

313.645  , 
L.  rb,  M.  331 
Leman,  B.  101 
Lemon,  R.  545 
Leonard,  G.  B.  LM  ( 
Lennox.  Lord  A.2O0 
Leslie,  F.  ^3 1 .  L*dy 

M.E  314 
Lesier,T.  M.  Bft-JJ 
L'E^trange,  E.  646 
Letbierrv,  E.  661  tf 
Levett,  A.  T.  \M 
Lewia.A.  557.  A«.m. 

j.  m.  <m 

LichfitId,Earl£2 
Liddell,  E.  C.  114. 

T.  186i  LQfi 
Lieven,  Prioee  A. 

LU3.    C.  LQ3 
Llghtfbot.J.  P.2QQ 
Lindsey,  Col.  J.  128 
Linton,  H.  646 
Lipscombe,  M.  221 :", 
Lt'burne,  Earl  422 
Lisle,  Lord  134 
Little,  A.  33L  & 

314 

Lb  we!lyn,  D.  L22 
Lloyd,J.211L  M  11 

615.  T.  W.  444. 

VV.  645  I 
Locke,  W.  666 
Lockyer,  C^pt.'K. 

F.  87 

Loft u«,  LWr.Ctt. ' 

F.  425 
Logan  562.  45G 
Londonderry,  M«:q.i 


134 


vi^lst  ,f,.lil 


Google 


Long,  T.  VV.  2QQ 
L'Oite,  E.  333 
Lott,  H.B.3U 

Lov«n,  j.  ssi,  aaa 

Lowdbaro,  L*A.  331 
Lowndes,  T.  664 
Lowry,  S.  33 1 
Lowtber,  G.  G.  667 
Lukin,  R.  662 
Lumley,  HAHfilfl 
Lunell,  R.  667 
Lupton,  D.  S.  200 
Lush,  L.  333 
Lushington,  C.  42G. 

W.  fcL  425 
LutwidgcfC.  H.  314 
Lyford,  A.M.  200 
Lyndhurst,Lord  1 84 
Lynn  219 
Lyon,  J.  E.  SSI 
Lyons,  Sir  E.  L9_8 
Lysley,  W.  J.  545 
Lyster,  Col.  W.  616 
Maberley,  G.  314 
M'Adara,  Sir  J.  N. 

88 

M'Cance,  J.  33J 
M'Carthy,  F.  M.  83 
M'Caskill,Col.J.8I 
M'Cleverty,  E.  646 
M'Creight.A.  643 
M'Cullocb,  J.  556 
M'Donald,  D.  645 
MacdonaU,RJ.334 
M'OonneM,  A.  442. 

M.  223 
MarDougall,  A. 

663.    J.  425 
Macdougall,  Capt.J. 

Macgillivray,  S.  7_9_ 
Mackay,  E.  C.  426, 

G.  44  J 
Mackdonald,  D.  199 
Mackenzie,  A.  425. 

M.  S.  314 
M<Kinley,M.A.  20Q 
Mackinnon,  A.  663 
Mackintosb,D.  333. 

Lifut.CJ.J.J.314 
Mackworth,W.H.  L 

199,  200 
Madacblan,  J.  665 
Maclean,  Sir  J.  82 
Macleod,  W.  645 
M'Clise,  D.  631 
Macpherson,  A.  199 
M'Phcrson,  Maj.  P. 

218 

M'Quarrle,  Col.  C. 

102 

Mackray,  G.  313 
Macrone,  545 
Maddeford,  E.  552 
Madden,  C.  220 
Grnt.  Mao.  Vol. 


k  •       Index  to 

Madge,  T.  222 
Magennis,  A.  557 
Mailten,  Capt  J.  445 
Mainwariug,  S.  F. 

219 

Mair,  Capt.  A.  645 
M  ait  land,   M.  99v 

T.  H.  VV.W. 

1.09 

Majendie,  S.  545 
Malcolm,  Sir  P.  La4 
Malet,SirA.  198,545 
Malim,  C.  426 
Malone  16 
Mammatt  669 
Manbey,  W.  426 
Mandeville,  J.  LL 
544 

Manfield,  A.  9_9_ 
Mangin,  E.  C.  334 
Manley  557.  E.F.68 
Manning  185 
Mansfield,  J.  S.  184 
Manton,  LL  L99 
Margery,  R.  A.  1 R5 
Marjoribauks,  E. 
198.    M.  66C 

Markcitneld,VV.338 
Markcy,  Capt.  J.  A. 
545 

Marlton,  E.  426 
Marriott,  W.S.  314 
Marsden,  E.545.  W. 
25 

Marsh,  L.  426 
Marshall,  B.  B.  331^ 

C.  B.  8i    C.  kL 

666.  Maj.  G.  645. 

M.  545.    P.  443 
Marten,  Maj.T.  8J 
Martin,  J.  557 
Marycburcb,  \V.  T. 

313 

Ma<on,  W.  443.  W. 

W.445 
M  assey,  W.  1 99 
Matbisonl85.E.445 
Matthews,  J.  416 
Maude  L8_L  D.  [M± 

T.  £8 
Maugban,  Maj.  443 
Maver,  J.  9_9_ 
May,  S.  200 
May  cock,  J.  D.  220 
Maynard,    A.  545. 

G.  545 
—  Lord  19 
Mayne,  T.  E.  314 
Mears,  T.  9_8 
Melrs,  Capt.  T.  2J9 
Mellis,  D.  B.  313 
Melville,  A.  425 
Mercier,  F.  7_9_ 
Meredith,  E.  83 
Merewetber  667 
IV. 


Names. 

Merrick  664     .  ♦ 
Merry,  A.  100 
Meryweatber,  MJV. 

Messiter,  A.  444 
Met  calf,  Lieut.  l££ 
Metcalfe,  Sir  C.  T. 

544.   S.  556 
Methold,  H.646.  J. 

W.  199 
Meyler,  F.  E  222 
Meyrick,  Capt.  J. 

444 

Michell,  R,  220,  W. 
450 

Mtrkh'thwait,  C. 

4-26.    S.  426 
Middleton,    M.  A. 

443.  Maj.  VV.  645 
Milbanke,  J.  RJii5 
Mildmay  447-  E.  St. 

J.  314.  W.  St.  J. 

330 
Miles,  E.  200 
Mill,  Sir  C.  669 
Miller,  G.  O.  313.  J. 

556 

Mills,  J.S.  426 
Millward,  T.  556 
Milman,  F.  E.  333 
Milner,  J.  200.  R. 
221 

Milton,  Vi«e.  666 
Milwanl,  M.  218 
Miuier,  W.  444 
Minto,Earl  199,425 
Mitchell,  J.  44L  P. 

O.  LQ2 
Moherly,  G.  545 
Moffat,  C.  F.  646 
Molesey,  J.  313 
Molvneux,    F.  G. 

645.    J.  200 
—  Viscountess  545 
Moncorvo,  Baroness 

646 

Moncrieff,Cap.  20JL 

H.544 
Money, J.  P.  544,645 
Moniits,  Maj.E.  544 
Monro,  tL  68 
Montesquieu,  Ba- 
roness 331 
Mont  gomery.E.  220 
Montmorency,  Vis. 

de  545 
Moore,  C.  fcL  545, 

E.  F.  55i  M.  334 
Moorsiom,  R.  646 
Morant,  G.  426 
Morehouse,  M.  25 
Morgan,  C.  199.  G. 

645.  J.  64JL  Cap. 

J.  lOJk    W.  217. 

Caps.  W.  332 
4T 


689 

Morpeth,  Vise.  81" 
Morris,  L.  332.  T. 

CL426,  Mayor  T. 

D.  446 
Morrison,  J.  81 
Morton,  T.  15 

 Earl  425 

Mi* ley,  O.  814 
Moss,  M.  314 
Moyld,  M.  220 
Mosley,  J,  B.  74. 

Mullins  643 
Mummery,  J.V.  185 
Murdock,  T.  74 
Murray,  C.  426 
Mvern,  J.  A.  100,  ' 

T.  541 
Nairn,  C.  544 
Napier,  M.  545 
Nares,  VV.  tL  552 
Nash,  \V.  W.  29J 
Nashe,T.  22 
Nayler,  C.  VV.S22 
Neale;  C  B.  314, 

645 
Neate  135 
Neave,  J.  100 
Neild,  J.  136 
Neliigan,  J.  323  . 
Nelson,  C'tess  31 
Nepean,E.  213 
Nesbam,  J.  441 
Ness,  E.  M.  220 
Nciherton,  M.  213 
Ntftlierwoodl99t314 
Nev»>,  C.  332 
NeviJI,  C.  81 
New,  F.  T.  129*  M. 

M.  220 
Newborough,  Lord 

425 

Newcorobe,  1L  314 
Newbam,  J.  555 
Newman,   A.  426. 

tL  663,   J.  232. 

T.  M.  426.  W.  L. 

663 

Newport,  VV.  666 
Newton,  Capt,  R. 

POO 

Nieholas,  F.  200 
Nichols,  G.  G.  87. 

J.  a  297 
Nicoll,  F.  hM 
Nightingale,  A.  J. 

314 

Noble,  S.  E.  101 
Nolan,  J.  329 
Norcliffe,A.55H,  666 
Norman,  M.  E.  545 
Norris,  W.  544. 645 
North,  Major,  314 
LadyG.  334,  441 
LadyS.  646. J. 646 


Northampton,  Mar- 
quis of  IM 
Nor>hcote,Maj.  646. 

s.  c.  bq 

Norton,  T.  33£ 
Not t age,  L.  hil 
Nugent,  Lord  15 
Nunn,  W,  33Q 
Nutt,  LL  C4G 
Oakeley,  W.  G.  558 
Oakley,  Capt.  R.  C. 
667 

Oberg,  Count  £12 
O'Brien,  D.  6M 
Ochterlony,  C.A.M. 
LQ2 

O'Connor,  E.  V.  Bfi 
O'Donnell,  Lt.-Col. 

C.R.  315,  E.646 
O'Dwyer,  A.  C.  81 
O'Ferrall,  R.  M.  Ha 

Ogborn,R-221,G70 
Oglander.Lieut.  LQQ 
Ogle,  E.  C.  313*  S. 
L04 

Ogilvy, J.  L6JL  Capt 
W.  544 

Okeii,  T.  322 

O'Loghlen,  M.  544, 

4  -j  5 

0'Neill,Mal.A.425. 

C.  4-lU 
Onslow  22-  E^M 
Orange,  J.  441.442. 

J.  B.  2Qil 
Orroe,  A.  C.  663. 
Ormsby,  M.  M.  L98i 

R.  44(i 
Osborn,  Sir  J.  314, 

T.  A.  44£ 
Osborne  425 
Ottley,  L.  545 
Otway,   G.  F.  54JL 

M.  S.  545 
Pulton. Capt.H.  LQ2 
Owen,  E.44L442 
Owsley,  J.  33j2 
Paddon,  J.  2£Q 
Page,  E.&44 
Paget,  E  F.  42k  F. 
f;.A.44l.442.  T. 

B.  1414 
Paine,  C.  646 
Paley,  G.  B.  L22 
Palgrave,  Sir  F.  8J1 
Palk,M.426 
Palmer,  G.  425,  K. 

?4.  183.  S.42G 
Palmerston,  Vise. 

81 

Papworth,  J.  B.  7J> 

Parbuk.Ban>iiF.3l4 
Parish,  E.  6l±h 
Parke,  H.filfi*  Sir 


/niter  fo  Names. 


J.  L84,  Lt.-Col. 
T.  A  313 
Parker,Capt.C.  20JL 
C.  U.  Sir  P.669. 
T.  44il 
Parkins,  W.  GGi 
Parsons,  G.  L. 

M.  443. 
Pashley,  R.  m 
Passey,  T.  6fi3 
Passinghara,  J.  442 
Pattenson  F.  S.  2DQ 
Pattison,  J.  F.  545 
Paul,  E.  M.  F.  64& 
SirJ.D.  545.  Lu2 
Paulet,  Ld.  G.  211Q 
P«  ulo,  Signor  331 
Payne,  E.  S.  2QQ, 

S.  645. 
Pavnter,  F.  LQL  S. 

22L  W.222 
Peach,  N.  W.  444 
Peacock,  G.  7_4 
Peake,  E.  545 
Pearce,  Mrs.  LQQ 
Peard,  Cap.  81 
Pearson,  G.  333 
Peccio  1H2 
Pedder,  J.  313. 
Peers,  T.  W.  28 
Pelhani,  G.  A.  22J 
Peniberton,  S.  F. 

646 
Petin  fifia 
Pennant,  D.  ££4 
Penney,  LL  B8_ 
Pennington, Colonel 

22L   G.  J.  L28 
Penson,  Col.  T.  22fl 
Penny,  E.  £45 
Peppercorn  U45 
Pepys,  Sir  C.314 
Perceval,  C.  E.  Mm 

L  545 
Percival,  E.  S.  LQL 

F.  344 
Perfect,  W.  £65 
Perrin,  L.  425 
Perring  fi64.  J.  3_3J 
Perry,  M.  664 
Pery,  E.  C.  2& 
Peshal,  S.  D.  425 
Pesliall,  S.  220. 
Petre,  E.  443. 
Phavre,  M.88 
Pheip,  C.  T.  221 
Phelps,  A.  P.  fcfl 
Philips,  J.  LQL  tL 

Philliroore,  Lady  £1 
Phillips42G.  A.  24a. 

E.  55k  W.  P.  49.6 
Phippen,  T.  665 
I'liipps.  ('apt.  C  B. 
200.    J.  H.  LQi  • 


Picker-ng,T.N.44l. 

vv.  ma 

Picton  441 
Pidcock,B.  44J 
Pidsley,  S.  81 
Pierce,  B.  C.  £1 
Pigott,  L.  M.  64k 

P.  313 
Pilcher,  Mai.  556 
Pinder,  A.  S.  444. 

F.  F.425 
Pinelli  445 
Pinkerton  2 
Pit  man  L&5 
Plank,  IL  L85 
Pluromer,  S.  B.  2QQ 
Plunket,  R.  1J22 
Pocklington,  E.  LQL 
Pocock  185.   L  44:2 
Pole,  A.  G.  334 
Poison,  iL  81 
Pon*onby,J.B.  42G. 

M.  E.  344 
Poore,  C.  IL  152 
Pope,  E.  132 
Popbatn,  J.  L.  87, 

314.    M.  A.  88. 
Popplewell,  R.  217 
Porten,  M.  J.  G41L 
Porter,  S.  J.  fi4fi 
Purteus,  W.  554 
Potbury,  C.  6ii4 
Pott,C.  221 
Pottinger.C.J.F.446 
Poulden,  J.  B.  664 
Powell,  Lieut. -Gen. 
1(H).    A.  42fL  E. 
feiL  J.  662,  R.  T. 
313.    S.  54L  T. 
3  1  4.    W.  87.426. 
Capt.  W.  661 
Power,  E.  E.  L2S* 
Capt.  G.  425.  P. 
185.445. 
Powick  115 
Poynder,  M.  442 
Pojntz,  Maj.A.  667 
Pozao  di  Borgo,  Pr. 

Pr,ied,  8.200.  W.200 
Pratt,  M.  1_Q_L  W. 

Preston  R. 
IB5.    W.  ggl.  J. 
D.  200. 
Prsstwood,  LL  442 
Prettijohn,  A.  C64 
Price,  A.  545^  M. 
A.  Bfi.   R.  C.  545, 
S.  R  223.  T.  544. 
VV.  556,  en 
Prifhard,  J.  C.  74^ 
L8_l 

Prickelt,  M.T.  558- 
P.  557 


Prideaux,  Sir  E.  S, 

L22 

Pring,  J.  C.  645 
Pringle,  J.  W.  158 
Prinsep  L2?J 
Pritch«rtt,  G.  211 
Proby,  C  665 
Proper,  C.  3>4 
Prudhoe,  Lord  L84 
I'rull  LM 
Pryor,  E.  4£S 
Puget,  M.  tL  M 
Pughe,  Dr.  O.  €70 
Pulleine,  R.  545 
Pulley,  M.  213 
Port  on,  J.  545.  T. 

P.fiM 
Purvis,  W.  P.  & 
Putt,  A.  441.  443 
Pyke,  C.  64ii 

Pym,  Capt.  2HL  C. 

gig 

Quart  ley,  LL  R.  88 
Kackett,  T.  22G 
Radford,  LL  P.  442 
Randolph,  J.  fiil4 
Ranker  H 
Ranken,  J.  W.  441 
Raper,  Maj.T.21 
Raphael,  A.  81 
Rasbotharo,D.  2 
RatTray,  C.  444 
Rawson,  Capt.  W.S. 
445 

Raybould,  £.  LHh 
Raymond,  J.  CJi3 

W.  P.6AH 
Reay,  1/jtA  313 
Re  bow    LgSt  425. 

Ladv  O.  344 
Reed,  B.  R.  646 
Rees,  S».  545.  645 
Reeve,  A.  C.  425 
Reid,  J.  J.  L22 
Rennell,  W  B.  3311 
Rennie,  Sir  J.  4S6 
Reynardson,  C  426 
Reynolds,  Lt.-Col. 

T.  V.  555 
Rhennis  1  K5 
Rhodes,  LL  76 
Riall,  Gen.  Mr  R. 

Bl 

Richards  J.  2^L 425. 
R.  544,  T.  W. 
646 

Rtchard'On,  C  6A0. 

Lt.  D.  445 
Rick  ants,  B.  444 
Rckt-tts,  A.  M 
Ridding,  82 
Riduut  IBi    G.  C. 

(ilia 

Rilpatb,  LLP  311 
Ridtdale,  ft.  334 


Index  to  Names. 


60\ 


Ripley,  G.  662 

Kippoti  em  t.  331 

Rivingron,  M.  33_L 

S.  426 
Robert  446 
Roberts,  E.  A.  332. 

Col.  II.  T  82,  J. 

22iL    W.  562. 
Robertson,  A.  333. 

44.i.  a.  l.  m 

M.  443.  W.  223. 
W.T.  333 
Robins,  J.  662 
Robinson,  C.  F.  20Q 
F.  M.  88.  M.SSl, 
337.  M.  A.  20JL 
P.  F.  76^  L8JL  S 

Robsou,  E.  J.  333 
Rochester,  Bp.  426 
Rodney,  J.  bill 
Roe,  T.  J.  314 
Rogers,  Dr.  C.  5 .">.">. 

S.  186^  W. 

665 

Rugerson,  A.  44 1 
Roget,C.332 
Rolfe,  E.  N.  199 
Rollo  646 
Rooke,  G.  616 
Rooker,  LL  L3fl 
Roots,  A.  1 0 1 
Roadew,  J.  329 
Rose,  C.  88/221.  C. 

P.  6£L    Sir  G. 

L84.    LL  J.  231, 

M.  L.  E.  314 
Roseberry,  C'tess  of 

447 

Rosenburgh,  Dr.  74 
Roseninuiler,  C  667 
Ross,  G.  444 
.  Rowlej,A.448 
Roy,  J.  666 
Rod  All,  J.  534 
Rudge,  E.  81 
Rugg,  G.  222, 
ill 

Rutnball,  S.  A.  198 
Rundle,  E.  443 
Rusbton,  E.  IM 
Rustell,  F.  3LL  J- 

D.  W.  88,    W.  J. 

199 

Ryley,  M.  314 
Ryves,  G.   A.  336. 

W.314 
Sainsbury,  T.  10.1 
St.  Jobo,  U.  St.  A. 

83 

Sargent,  Capt.  W. 
443 

Sanders,  F.  314.  LL 
212 

Sanderson,  J.  44U 


Sandiford,  P.  534 
Sandys,  Sir  E.  W.  B. 

314.  M.  646,  W. 

T.  314 
Saunders,  C.  8_8_.  T. 

297 

Saw  bridge  557 
Sayce,  LL  S.  ^11 
Scbolcfield,  J.  646 
Schomburgh  75 
Scbonswar,  J.  S.  646 
Scbreiber  536 
Scott,  Mrs.  213.  C. 
E.  664.    D.  L0_L 

E.  A.  £143,  F.  314, 

F.  G.  D.  2WL  G. 
443.  G.  R.  66iL 
J.  Lt.-O.l. 
441.    VV.  LL  545 

Scourfkld,  M.  443 
Scriven,  J.  B.  222 
Seaman  87 
Starle  334.   A.  M. 
646 

Sebright,  Sir  J.  13 
Selby,  J.  646 
Sells,  E.  297 
Sewell,  Maj.-Gen.R. 

538  , 

Seymour,  F.  A.  42(7. 
Col.  LL  2WL  J. 

G.  426,   R.  345. 

Ltdy  A.  &45 
Shadwell,  J.  81 
Sbank,  A.  M.  334 
Shapland,  Col.  665 
Sharp,  A.  93 
Shaw,  E.  343.  R. 

W.  423 
Sheen,  W.  B.  664 
Shebbeare,  E.  6£3 
Shepherd,  W.  IM 
Sheppard,  C.  88 
Sherard,  P.  C.  223, 

R.  551 
Sherborn,  T.  334 
Shooter,  J.  til 
Shore,  J.  A.  665 
Short,  A.  8L  M. 

426 

Shrewsbury,  Earl  of 
313 

Shutt,  M.  334.  W. 
343 

Shuttleworth,  tL 
413.   L.  M.  332 
Sideboltom,  A.  tL 
.333.    C.  R.  333 . 
E.333.  VV.  G.333 
Sim,  C  C.  545 
Simpson,  E.  313 
Sim6,  A.  101 
Sinclair,  Lady  423 
Sitwell,  F.  11.  444 
Skeene,  M.  6ii3 


Skelton,  G.  LL  426 
Skinner,  G.  345.  R. 

645.  ■  W.  J.  hd 
Skipwith,  F.  2UQ 
Skipworth  557 
Smee,  T.  666 
Sinirke,  Sir  R.  7_9_ 
Smith  BL  B/S-.  M. 
33G,  C.  1.09,646, 
669.    E.  P.  Loo, 
J.  330,  fi&L  J.  L 
L24.    J.  L.  L34. 

j.  n.  um±  K. 

2ojl   L.  222,  P. 

Ld3.    R.  W.  343. 

S.  426.   T.  219, 

334.  W.I 85,  313. 

44L    W.  S.  I.'H 
Smvth,  G.  W.  Lua. 

J.  345.    M.  426. 

T.  221 
Snepp,  A.  88 
Sneyd,  J.  329_ 
Snow,  R.  9_9_ 
Soane,  Sir  J.  Ifi 
Somerset,  Col.  C.  H. 
G.  426 

  Duke  18 

Sophia,  Archd.  645 
Spalding,  S.  LB3 
Spar  ke  ,  J.  LL  314 
Sparrow,  J.  331 
Spedding  ?.0 
Speirs,  G.  81 
Spencer,  Capt.  645. 

M.  A.  314.  W. 

221 

Sperling,  J.  M.  20(1 
Spier,  Mrs.  332 
Spinks  183 
Spry,  A.  M.  336 
Stable,  J.  663 
Staines,  J.  33  2 
Stainsby,  P.  P.  313 
Stanfield,  C.  631 
Stanley,  A.  358.  H. 

A.  343 
Stannus,  Lt.  J.*445 
Stapleton,  F.  441 
Stark,  D.  664 
Starky,  A.  314 
Staunton,    Dr.  82 

E.  441 
Steele,  R.  fififi 
Stephens,  M.E.  38 
Stephenson,  L.199, 

313 

Stevens,  J.  665 
Steward,  E.  314 
Stewart  345.  J.  2 17. 
.!.  S.  L92-  Lt.- 
Gcn.  Sir  W.  339. 
Stirling,  Maj.  Gen. 

668  SirW.G.  426 
Slock,  J.  E.  551 


Stockdale,  \V.  6ii6 
Sron««,  V.  212 
Stooks  185 
Stormont,  Vis.  L93 
Story,  S.  \QQ 
Slovui,  E.  M.  >1B. 
Stow,  M.  M.  332 
Stowell,  LL  5.34 
Strangways,  G.  230 
St  rat  ton,  M.  558 
St  real  field,  W.  199 
Street,  J.  336 
Strickland,   N.  C. 
646 

Sluart,  C.  426,  44fi. 

G.G.323,   Sir  J. 

88.   W.  V.  344 
Stubbin,  N.  J.  33Q 
Sturt  221 
Suffield,  Lord  426 
Swgdeu,  Sir  E.  L84 
Sutmoua,  Prince  88 
Surtees,  S.  V.  313 
Sutton,  E.  443.  LL 

M.  LB4.  J.  T.  444 
Swaine,  U.  S.  219. 

M.  A.  616 
Swayne,  LL  Mi 
Swire  L83 
Sydenham,  334 
Sykes,  Sir  T.  314 
Symes,  S.  335 
Taddy,  E.  332 
Tagart,  C.  Ld3 
Talbot,  Lady  G. 

LL  G.  314.    J.  J. 

3_LL  M.N.  426 
Thlfourd  545 

Tanner,  J.  442.  M. 

A.  314 
Taylor,  C.  54i  J, 

S.  29i   T.  333 
Taxis,  Princess  LQ3 
Teign mouth,  Lord 

Ld4 

Ttlktt,  E.313 
Templeman,  J.  98, 

334 

Tennyson,  C.  313. 

T.  423 
Tbiekeray,  F.  334 
Thackwell,  W.  445 
Thomas,  Capt.  J, 

£&L    Dr.  R.  338. 

S  102 
Thompson  643.  IL 

545,  66.Q.    Sir  U. 

646.  Capt.  L. 445. 

T.  534,    T.  P.  81 
Thomson,  LL  217 
Thorn,  W.  666 
Thornton,  E.S.  100. 

L.  538 
Thorp,  E.  M.  L.  22Q 

J.  313 


Index  to  Names. 


Thorpe,  W.  646  Vandeleur  102  Webb,  Cap.  St.  L.  Willi,  J.  556 

Tillbrook.S.  99, 425  Vanneck,  J.  445  04-1.    Miss  426  Wilmot,  J.  Mi  R. 

Tillotson,  Capt.  W.  Vaugban,E.T.  L84.  Webber,  G.  H.  88  645.   R.  D.  114 

223                        R.  314  Webster,  J.  1A1  Wilton    185*  3311 

Timbrel),  T.  314  Vavasour,  F.  M.200  Wedgwood,  R.  314  3iL    E.  8^  129, 

Timson,  S.  im  Ventrit,  H.  L.  426  Weeks,  Cap.  R.  332      J.  185.   Ju.  185 

Tindal,  M.  80.    Sir  Verral,  A.  128  Weir,  Dr.  J.  222  J.  M.  552-  M. 

N.  184  Vervioe,  IL  663  Welland,  H,  M.  £00      646,    R.  646 

Tireraan,G.Wvl02  Vigors,  N.  A.  81  Wellesley,  H.  122  Wimberley,  CM. 

Titterton,T..222  Villiers,  E.  114  Wellington,    Duke  311 

Toller,  A.fc85  1L  125  Vincent,  C.  545  114  Wiucbes!er,  J.  21a 

Tomlinson,  L.  200  Vitorelli,  J.  441  Wells,  E.  2QO,    G.  Windey,  Capt.  664 

Tongue,  W.  80  Vivian,  G.  1BIL    J.  314.   T.  112  W  indham,  M.C.  iiAIi 

Topping,  R.  442           H.4  2S.  C.  P.  54$.  Were,  E.  V,.  -1.:,.  R.  Windsor,  M  2DQ 

Torr,  J.  44a               Sir  R.  IL  82  664  Windui,  C.  M.  222 

Totton,  W.  C.  I_29_  Vye  220  Wett,  Capt.  ggg.'E.  Wing,  J.  212 

Toulmin,  A.  132  Vyvyan,  G.  128  W.  81..    M.  8L  Wingficld.  M.  222. 

Tower,  H.  LOl  Wade,  J.  C^220  T.  D.  64JL    W.  M.  557 

Townsend,  T.  333.  Waist.  II,  R.  322  446  Winterton,  C'tess, 

P.  1112.  W.  L.  88  Wake,  C.  314  Western,  C.  554  646 

Townsbend.  G.  444.  Wakefield,  D.  426  Westly,  J.  331  Wintbropp,  £^145 

442  Wales,  Lieut.  C.221  Weston,  H.  221  Winwood,  H  Q.  311 

Tracy,  CJL  186,198  Waley,  J.  185  Westrop,  T.  661  Wolfe,  J.  314 

Travers,  W.  222  Walkinsbaw,  R.  445  Wetenb  .il,  W.  M.  Woliaston,  C.  IL 

Trevelvan,   C.    E.  Wall,  E.  ££4.    Lt.  646  441 

199.'  G.  8iL  T.  88  •  F.  652.  W.E.426  Wetberell,   Sir  C.  Wood,  G.  ;00.  Maj. 

Trevor,  G.  R.  184  Wallace,  A.  C.  87_  184  J.  .414.  J.  C.  221 

Trevors,  J.  F.  646  Waller,  W.  80.    E.  Wbatlev,  E.  664.  J.  W.  42fi 

Tripp, IL  558              A.  664.  'Maj.  J.  L.  446  Woudall,  J.  314 

Tritton,  M.  558           W.  S  425  Wheeler,  C.  445  Woodcock,  A.  333. 

Tronson,Jtfaj.  81  Waltnisley,  E.  G.  WbieldenfS.  557  Woodforde,  A.  £20 

Trotman,  A.    311.      442  Whitaker  2.    G.  A.  Woodward,  S.  80 

F.  665  Walpole,  S.  IL  545  UtfL    W.  665  Woolley,  J.  440 

Ifiudway,  J.  P.  221  Walsh,  H.G.J. 545.  Wbite,  Adm.  220-  Woolridge,   C.  T. 

Tufinell,  E.  G.  IM       J.  N.  645  T.  S,  20Q  646 

Tnlloch,  A.  F.  T.  Walsingbam,  Lord  Whitefoord,  G.  645.  Worzah,  J  tL  £B 

102                       29J  J.  426  Worrell,  C.  441 

Tunis,  Bey  of  LOl  Walton,  Col.  122  Whitehead,  T.  14  Worsley,  F.  88 

Turkington,  M.  1).  Want,  J.  329  Whiteside,  J.  W^ 3  Worth,  J.  251 

446  Wapsbare,  J.  445  Wbil field,  F.  F.  312  Wortley,   Lady  G. 

Turnbull,  Dr.  667  Warburton,  W.  88  Wbitworth,  W.  iL  .545.    Lady  G.  S. 

Turner  425, 441,  A.  Ward,  Dr.           C.  200       .  W.  645 

2fi&   C.*W,  6fiL      99*  33L    C.  S.  Wborwodd,  T.  2J1  Wrench,  S.  22 

t  ZMh*  G.M.210.      556,     E.  L  122*  W.H.  L0i  Wright,  E.  665.  M. 

J.  314^  558.    R.      J.  333.443.  L.38.  Wight,  Maf.  A.  2M  N.  88.    S.  441 

9JL    S.  78^  450.          1112.  W.  Z.  L.  Wild,  C.  441  Wyatt,  A^441 

T.  122,    W.  2iL      101  Wildbore,  C.  81  Wylde,  E.  K. -114 

W.  H,  425  Warde  L06  Wilder,  C.  426  Wyndham,  A.  112.  • 

Tweedale,  S.  R.  426  WatvJell,  J.  W.  662  Wilkie,  Lieut.  J.559  Cot.  C.  545.  S. 

Twinge,  J.  M.  313  Warneford,  Lt.-Col.  Wilkinson.  A.  664.  ti62.    W.  665 

Twining,  C.  B.6G3  .      666  M.  A.  426.  W.  H.  Wynne,  L.  M.  W. 

Twisden,  F.  646  Warner,  M.  200  <2a  '500.    M.  99.  R. 

TwissSS'i  Warren,  E.  O.  7JL  Willats,  IL  P.  334  323 

Tyler,  Adm.  Sir  C.      G.  B.  545.  J.  4 '16.  Willes,  C.  G. 29  Wytbe,  T.  554 

445*   G.  IH2.   J.      Capt.  S.  313  Willett,  M.  £21  Yates,  G.  444.  J.  60 

E.87.    W.  665  Wasey,  G.  L.  81  Williams,  Lt.  66L  Vorke,  A.  426.  A. 

Tyrobs.J.  445  Wason,  R.  81  A.  22L   C.  440.  M..133.  Capt.  E. 

Tvndall,  MLJL13  Wat  hen,  Sir  S.  101  D.  8JL  E^44_L  F.  J.  313 

Underwood,  T.  R.  Wat  kins,  J.  665  426.    F.  E.  426.  Young,.C.  200.  D. 

446  Watson   l(Ji\     IL  G.  IL  G.  446.  J.  L9JL  F.  556*  Sir C. 

Unton,  Sir  IL  226  •  332^  55JL  Maj.  J.  662.   J.  F.  556  200.    M.  555 

Urquhart,  D.  54L      200.    Lt.-Col.  L.  Williamson,  E.  545^  Younge,  F.  A.  663 

J.  L22                    T.  311*     W.  L.  Cap.  G.  218  Youugsdu,  W.  664 

Ussber,  J.  440             426  Willmott,  F.  F.  646  Yzendoom,  M.  loo 

Valmy,  Duke  of  103  Weale  186.    R.  128  Willock,  C.  665  Zuidatacarreguy447 

J .  B.  Nichols  and  Son,  ^  Parliament  Street. 

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